Estonia - Knowledge

2918:, characterized by warm summers and fairly mild winters. Primary local differences are caused by the Baltic Sea, which warms the coastal areas in winter, and cools them in the spring. Average temperatures range from 17.8 °C (64.0 °F) in July, the warmest month, to −3.8 °C (25.2 °F) in February, the coldest month, with the annual average being 6.4 °C (43.5 °F). The highest recorded temperature is 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) from 1992, and the lowest is −43.5 °C (−46.3 °F) from 1940. The annual average precipitation is 662 millimetres (26.1 in), with the daily record being 148 millimetres (5.8 in). Snow cover varies significantly on different years. Prevailing winds are westerly, southwesterly, and southerly, with average wind speed being 3–5 m/s inland and 5–7 m/s on coast. The average monthly sunshine duration ranges from 290 hours in August, to 21 hours in December. 2292: 3656: 20707: 2000: 3310: 6642: 4768:

17% as a foreign language. Compared with previous censuses, the proportion of people who speak Estonian has increased (2000: 80%; 2011: 82%), particularly due to people who have learned to speak Estonian as a foreign language (2000: 12%; 2011: 14%). It has been estimated that 76% of Estonia's population can speak a foreign language. As of 2021 census data, English is the most widely spoken foreign language in Estonia (overtaking the top position from Russian, which had still been the most widely spoken foreign language in Estonia in 2011 and earlier censuses). An estimated 17% of the native Estonian-speaking population speak a dialect of Estonia.

3813: 5746: 4924: 6093: 21489: 5816: 2731: 6991: 135: 2229: 3244: 2525:" being induced to settle in occupied Estonia, in a process which eventually threatened to turn indigenous Estonians into a minority in their own native land. In 1945 Estonians formed 97% of the population, but by 1989 their share of the population had fallen to 62%. Occupying authorities carried out campaigns of ethnic cleansing, mass deportation of indigenous populations, and mass colonization by Russian settlers which led to Estonia losing 3% of its native population. By March 1949, 60,000 people were deported from Estonia and 50,000 from Latvia to the 4575: 7119: 1136: 2419: 5992: 5860: 6907: 4549:, which was pegged to the Euro, highlighting the need for growth in export-generating industries. Estonia exports mainly machinery and equipment, wood and paper, textiles, food products, furniture, and metals and chemical products. Estonia also exports 1.562 billion kilowatt hours of electricity annually. At the same time Estonia imports machinery and equipment, chemical products, textiles, food products and transportation equipment. Estonia imports 200 million kilowatt hours of electricity annually. 79: 1602: 16799:

repression of religion. When the Soviet Union annexed Estonia in 1940, church property was confiscated, many theologians were deported to Siberia, most of the leadership of Evangelical Lutheran Church went into exile, and religious instruction was banned. Many churches were destroyed in the German occupation of Estonia, from 1941 through 1944, and in World War II (1939–1945), and religion was actively persecuted in Estonia under Soviet rule 1944 until 1989, when some measure of tolerance was introduced.

4556:(3.4 billion euros) from various European Union Structural Funds as direct supports, creating the largest foreign investments into Estonia. Majority of the European Union financial aid will be invested into the following fields: energy economies, entrepreneurship, administrative capability, education, information society, environment protection, regional and local development, research and development activities, healthcare and welfare, transportation and labour market. Main sources of 4790: 3222: 19151: 4347: 1345:. The landscape of Ancient Estonia featured numerous hillforts. Prehistoric or medieval harbour sites have been found on the coast of Saaremaa. Estonia also has a number of graves from the Viking Age, both individual and collective, with weapons and jewellery including types found commonly throughout Northern Europe and Scandinavia. In the early centuries AD, political and administrative subdivisions began to emerge in Estonia. Two larger subdivisions appeared: the parish (Estonian: 21374: 20202: 4048: 1475: 6186: 655: 5593: 5513:, which was adhered to by 160,000 Estonians (or 13% of the population) according to the 2000 census, principally ethnic Estonians. According to the Lutheran World Federation, the historic Lutheran denomination has 180,000 registered members. Other organisations, such as the World Council of Churches, report that there are as many as 265,700 Estonian Lutherans. Additionally, there are between 8,000 and 9,000 members abroad. However, the 2011 census indicated that 2530:

environmental damage through pollution. Living standards under the Soviet occupation kept falling further behind nearby independent Finland. The country was heavily militarised, with closed military areas covering 2% of territory. Islands and most of the coastal areas were turned into a restricted border zone which required a special permit for entry. Estonia was quite closed until the second half of the 1960s, when gradually Estonians began to covertly watch

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Nowadays, 211 different self-reported ethnic groups are represented in the country's population and 243 different mother tongues are spoken. Census data indicate that Estonia has continued to stand out among European countries for its highly educated population – 43% of the population aged 25–64 have a university education, which puts Estonia in 7th place in Europe (Estonian women rank 3rd in terms of educational attainment).

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institutions. In addition to organizing the academic life of the university, universities can create new curricula, establish admission terms and conditions, approve the budget, approve the development plan, elect the rector, and make restricted decisions in matters concerning assets. Estonia has a moderate number of public and private universities. The largest public universities are the

5968:, Estonia will be the first nation to provide personal genetic information services sponsored by the state. They aim to minimize and prevent future ailments for those whose genes make them extra prone to conditions like adult-onset diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The government plans to provide lifestyle advice based on the DNA for 100,000 of its 1.3 million citizens. 3951:. The revenue of the budget was decreased for 2008 by EEK 6.1 billion and the expenditure by EEK 3.2 billion. In 2010, the economic situation stabilised and started a growth based on strong exports. In the fourth quarter of 2010, Estonian industrial output increased by 23% compared to the year before. The country has been experiencing economic growth ever since. 3454:, conducts constitutional review, and has 19 members. The judiciary is independent, judges are appointed for life, and can be removed from office only when convicted of a crime. The justice system has been rated among the most efficient in the European Union by the EU Justice Scoreboard. As of June 2023, gay registered partners and married couples have the right to adopt. 6515:'s visit to Tallinn. The first public TV broadcast in Estonia was in July 1955. Regular, live radio broadcasts began in December 1926. Deregulation in the field of electronic media has brought radical changes compared to the beginning of the 1990s. The first licences for private TV broadcasters were issued in 1992. The first private radio station went on the air in 1990. 2284:. On 16 June, the USSR presented an ultimatum demanding completely free passage of the Red Army into Estonia and the establishment of a pro-Soviet government. Feeling that resistance was hopeless, the Estonian government complied and, on the next day, the whole country was occupied. On 6 August 1940, Estonia was annexed by the Soviet Union as the 4130:

levied on the value of the land only with improvements and buildings not considered. Very few exemptions are considered on the land value tax and even public institutions are subject to the tax. The tax has contributed to a high rate (~90%) of owner-occupied residences within Estonia, compared to a rate of 67.4% in the United States.

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Swedish majority, mainly found along the coast, used Swedish as the administrative language and Swedish-Estonian culture saw an upswing. However, most Swedish-speaking people fled to Sweden before the end of World War II, before the invasion of Estonia by the Soviet army in 1944. Only a handful of older speakers remain.

1856:. The rights of local farmers reached their lowest point, as serfdom completely dominated agricultural relations during the 18th century. Serfdom was formally abolished in 1816–1819, but this initially had very little practical effect; major improvements in farmers' rights started with reforms in the mid-19th century. 16765:

played an important role on the political or ideological battlefield. The institutional religious life was dominated by foreigners until the early 20th century. The tendencies that prevailed in the late 1930s for closer relations between the state and Lutheran church ended with the Soviet occupation in 1940.

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Estonians like to eat everything fresh – berries, herbs, vegetables, and everything else that comes straight from the garden. Hunting and fishing have also been very common, although currently hunting and fishing are enjoyed mostly as hobbies. Today, it is also very popular to grill outside in summer.

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report, Estonia's students rank 1st in Europe. In the world, Estonia's students rank 5th in reading, 8th in mathematics and 4th in sciences. Additionally, around 89% of Estonian adults aged 25–64 have earned the equivalent of a high-school degree, one of the highest rates in the industrialized world.

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from 1944 to 1990 and was taught as a compulsory second language during the Soviet era. In the period between 1990 and 1995, the Russian language was granted an official special status according to Estonian language laws. In 1995 it lost its official status. In 1998, most first- and second-generation

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More people of different ethnic origin live in Estonia than ever before, however the share of Estonians in the population has remained stable over the three censuses (2000: 68.3%; 2011: 69.8%; 2021: 69.4%). Estonian is spoken by 84% of the population: 67% of people speak it as their mother tongue and

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However, there are vast disparities in GDP between different areas of Estonia; currently, over half of the country's GDP is created in Tallinn. In 2008, the GDP per capita of Tallinn stood at 172% of the Estonian average, which makes the per capita GDP of Tallinn as high as 115% of the European Union

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in 1560. The majority of Livonia accepted Polish rule, while Reval and the nobles of northern Estonia swore loyalty to the Swedish king, and the Bishop of Ösel-Wiek sold his lands to the Danish king. Tsar Ivan's forces were at first able to conquer the larger part of Livonia, however in the 1570s the

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The question asked was "Do you consider yourself to be...?" With a card showing: Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, Other Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu, Atheist, and Non-believer/Agnostic. Space was given for Other (SPONTANEOUS) and DK. Jewish, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu did not reach the

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as "discriminatory". According to surveys, only 5% of the Russian community have considered returning to Russia in the near future. Estonian Russians have developed their own identity – more than half of the respondents recognized that Estonian Russians differ noticeably from the Russians in Russia.

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Estonia's population on 31 December 2021 (1,331,824 people) was about 3% higher than in the previous census of 2011. 84% of people residing in Estonia in 2021 lived in Estonia at the time of the previous census as well. 11% had been added by births and 5% by immigration over the ten years 2011–2021.

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Between 1945 and 1989, the share of ethnic Estonians in the population resident within the currently defined boundaries of Estonia dropped to 61%, caused primarily by the Soviet occupation and programme promoting mass immigration of urban industrial workers from Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, as well

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since the end of the 1990s and one of the highest per capita income levels in Eastern Europe. Proximity to the Scandinavian and Finnish markets, its location between the East and West, competitive cost structure and a highly skilled labour force have been the major Estonian comparative advantages in

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As of 2012, Estonia had forests that covered 48% of the land. Since at least 2009, there has been a substantial increase in logging, and logging occurs not only nationwide in private land, but even in supposedly protected land like the national park. Estonia needs to cut significantly less forest to

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on the election of the president, but the president is elected by the Riigikogu, or by a special electoral college. The President proclaims the laws passed in the Riigikogu, and has the right to refuse proclamation and return law in question for a new debate and decision. If Riigikogu passes the law

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began, as the central government initiated various administrative and cultural measures to tie Baltic governorates more closely to the empire. The Russian language replaced German and Estonian in most secondary schools and universities, and many social and cultural activities in local languages were

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began in the 1850s as several leading figures started promoting an Estonian national identity among the general populace. Widespread farm buyouts by Estonians and the resulting rapidly growing class of land-owning farmers provided the economic basis for the formation of this new "Estonian identity".

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The cultural stratum of Estonian was originally characterised by a largely lyrical form of folk poetry based on syllabic quantity. Apart from a few, albeit remarkable, exceptions, this archaic form has not been widely employed in later times. One of the most outstanding achievements in the field is

5882:(NICPB; Estonian KBFI). The first computer centers were established in the late 1950s in Tartu and Tallinn. Estonian specialists contributed in the development of software engineering standards for ministries of the Soviet Union during the 1980s. As of 2015, Estonia spends around 1.5% of its GDP on 4785:

Ethnic distribution in Estonia is very homogeneous at a county level; in most counties, over 90% of residents are ethnic Estonians. In contrast, in the capital city Tallinn and the urban areas of Ida-Viru county (which neighbours Russia) ethnic Estonians account for around 60% of the population and

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remains strongly buttressed and enforced by an independent and efficient judicial system. A simplified tax system with flat rates and low indirect taxation, openness to foreign investment, and a liberal trade regime have supported the resilient and well-functioning economy. As of May 2018, the

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The unemployment rate in March 2016 was 6.4%, which is below the EU average, while real GDP growth in 2011 was 8.0%, five times the euro-zone average. In 2012, Estonia remained the only euro member with a budget surplus, and with a national debt of only 6%, it is one of the least indebted countries

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is a voluntary national defence organisation under management of Ministry of Defence. It is organised based on military principles, has its own military equipment, and provides various different military training for its members, including in guerilla tactics. The Defence League has 17,000 members,

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is compulsory for healthy men between ages of 18 and 28, with conscripts serving 8- or 11-month tours of duty, depending on their education and position provided by the Defence Forces. The peacetime size of the Estonian Defence Forces is about 6,000 persons, with half of those being conscripts. The

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It is usually said that Estonia is a Protestant country; however, the overwhelming majority of Estonians, some 72 percent, are nonreligious. Estonia is the European Union (EU) country with the greatest percentage of people with no religious belief. This is in part, the result of Soviet actions and

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Traditionally in winter, jams, preserves, and pickles are brought to the table. Gathering and preserving fruits, mushrooms, and vegetables for winter has always been popular, but today gathering and preserving is becoming less common because everything can be bought from stores. However, preparing

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and European cultural aspects. Because of its history and geography, Estonia's culture has been influenced by the traditions of the adjacent area's various Finnic, Baltic, Slavic and Germanic peoples as well as the cultural developments in the former dominant powers Germany, Sweden and Russia, for

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argued in 2005, that relevance of identity discussions in Baltic states decreased with their entrance into EU and NATO together, but predicted, that in the future, attractiveness of Nordic identity in Baltic states will grow and eventually, five Nordic states plus three Baltic states will become a

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at recommendation of the President, and approved by the Riigikogu. The government, headed by the Prime Minister, carries out domestic and foreign policy. Ministers head ministries and represent its interests in the government. Sometimes ministers with no associated ministry are appointed, known as

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Figures provided by Statistics Estonia correspond to number of official residents only (i.e include over 55,600 ethnic Ukrainians who are officially resident in Estonia); the figures do not include another estimated 50,000 people who, as Ukrainian war refugees, are staying in Estonia but have not

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The architectural history of Estonia mainly reflects its contemporary development in northern Europe. Worth mentioning is especially the architectural ensemble that makes out the medieval old town of Tallinn, which is on the UNESCO World Heritage List. In addition, the country has several unique,

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has an approach to popularise native culture through such curricula as native construction, native blacksmithing, native textile design, traditional handicraft and traditional music, but also jazz and church music. In 2010, there were 245 museums in Estonia whose combined collections contain more

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Food, construction, and electronic industries are currently among the most important branches of Estonia's industry. In 2007, the construction industry employed more than 80,000 people, around 12% of the entire country's workforce. Another important industrial sector is the machinery and chemical

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encompassed over north Estonia and Saaremaa. The Teutonic Order suppressed the rebellion by 1345, and in 1346 the Danish king sold his possessions in Estonia to the Order. The unsuccessful rebellion led to a consolidation of power for the upper-class German minority. For the subsequent centuries

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For this situation there are several reasons, starting from the distant past (the close connection of the churches with the Swedish or German ruling classes) up to the Soviet-period atheist policy when the chain of religious traditions was broken in most families. In Estonia, religion has never

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Historically, the cuisine of Estonia has been dependent on seasons and the simple food from the local farms and the sea. Today, it also includes many "global" foods. The most typical foods in modern Estonia are black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy products. Traditionally in summer and spring,

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From the 13th to the 20th century, there were Swedish-speaking communities in Estonia, particularly in the coastal areas and on the islands, which today have almost disappeared. From 1918 to 1940, when Estonia was independent, the small Swedish community was well treated. Municipalities with a

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is levied which is used to fund local municipalities. It is a state-level tax, but 100% of the revenue is used to fund Local Councils. The rate is set by the Local Council within the limits of 0.1–2.5%. It is one of the most important sources of funding for municipalities. The Land Value Tax is

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program has led to much faster, simpler and efficient public services where for example filing a tax return takes less than five minutes and 98% of banking transactions are conducted through the internet. Estonia has the 13th lowest business bribery risk in the world, according to TRACE Matrix.

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Estonia is a unitary country with a single-tier local government system. Local affairs are managed autonomously by local governments. Since administrative reform in 2017, there are in total 79 local governments, including 15 towns and 64 rural municipalities. All municipalities have equal legal

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in Siberia, where death rates were 30%. The occupying regime established an Estonian Communist Party, where Russians were the majority in party membership. Economically, heavy industry was strongly prioritised, but this did not improve the well-being of the local population, and caused massive

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Overall, Estonia lost about 25% of its population through deaths, deportations and evacuations in World War II. Estonia also suffered some irrevocable territorial losses, as the Soviet Union transferred border areas comprising about 5% of Estonian pre-war territory from the Estonian SSR to the

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Today's education in Estonia is divided into general, vocational, and hobby. The education system is based on four levels: pre-school, basic, secondary, and higher education. A wide network of schools and supporting educational institutions have been established. The Estonian education system

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is the most widely spoken foreign language in Estonia today. According to the most recent (2021) census data 76% of the population can speak a foreign language. After English, Russian is the second most widely spoken foreign language in Estonia, and in the census 17% of the native speakers of

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Estonia is considered Protestant when classified by its historically predominant major religion (Norris and Inglehart 2011) and thus some authors (e.g., Davie 2003) claim Estonia belongs to Western (Lutheran) Europe, while others (e.g., Norris and Inglehart 2011) see Estonia as a Protestant

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legal system based on the Germanic legal model. The court system has a three-level structure. The first instance are county courts which handle all criminal and civil cases, and administrative courts which hear complaints about government and local officials, and other public disputes. The

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Academic higher education in Estonia is divided into three levels: bachelor's, master's, and doctoral studies. In some specialties, the bachelor's and master's levels are integrated into one unit. Estonian public universities have significantly more autonomy than applied higher education

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remains a significant cultural staple, and free education is a highly prized institution. As the mainstream culture in the Nordic countries, Estonian culture can be seen to build upon the ascetic environmental realities and traditional livelihoods, a heritage of comparatively widespread

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the remainder is mostly composed of Russian and Ukrainian immigrants, who mostly arrived in Estonia during the period of Soviet occupation (1944–1991), however now also includes over 62,000 (ca 6% of total population) war refugees from Ukraine who have settled in Estonia in 2022.

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Estonian media sector has a large number of weekly newspapers and magazines, and Estonians have a choice of nine domestic TV channels and a host of radio stations. Estonia has been internationally recognised for its high rate of press freedom, having been ranked 3rd in the 2012

122: 123: 115: 114: 113: 121: 118: 4712:, the German and Jewish minorities managed to elect a cultural council. The Law on Cultural Autonomy for National Minorities was reinstated in 1993. Historically, large parts of Estonia's northwestern coast and islands have been populated by the indigenous ethnic group of 4384:

Estonia is dependent on other countries for energy. In recent years, many local and foreign companies have been investing in renewable energy sources. Wind power has been increasing steadily in Estonia and the total current amount of energy produced from wind is nearly 60

117: 116: 120: 7540: 3827:(county), which is an administrative subunit of the state. Representative body of local authorities is municipal council, elected at general direct elections for a four-year term. The council appoints local government. For towns, the head of the local government is 4725:

minority in Estonia elected a cultural council and was granted cultural autonomy. The Estonian Swedes minority similarly received cultural autonomy in 2007. During the Russo-Ukrainian war of 2022, tens of thousands of Ukrainian refugees have arrived in Estonia.

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Edovald, Triin; Felton, Michelle; Haywood, John; Juskaitis, Rimvydas; Michael Thomas Kerrigan; Lund-Lack, Simon; Middleton, Nicholas; Miskovsky, Josef; Piatrowicz, Ihar; Pickering, Lisa; Praulins, Dace; Swift, John; Uselis, Vytautas; Zajedova, Ilivi (2010).

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began in central Europe in 1517, and soon spread northward to Livonia despite some opposition by the Livonian Order. Towns were the first to embrace Protestantism in the 1520s, and by the 1530s the majority of the landowners and rural population had adopted

2617:, which was the first non-communist party in the Soviet Union and demanded full restoration of independence. On 16 November 1988, after the first non-rigged multi-candidate elections in half a century, the parliament of Soviet-controlled Estonia issued the 1964:, the first legal Estonian political parties were founded. An Estonian national congress was convened and demanded the unification of Estonian areas into a single autonomous territory and an end to Russification. The unrest was accompanied by both peaceful 4820:

Estonia was the first former Soviet republic to legalize civil unions for same-sex couples, with a law approved in October 2014. Political disagreements delayed adoption of the necessary implementing legislation, and same-sex couples were not able to sign

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As of 2 July 2010, 84.1% of Estonian residents were Estonian citizens, 8.6% were citizens of other countries and 7.3% were "citizens with undetermined citizenship". Since 1992, roughly 140,000 people have acquired Estonian citizenship by passing

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Estonia. In the decade after the restoration of Estonian independence, large-scale emigration by ethnic Russians and the removal of Russian military bases in 1994 caused the proportion of ethnic Estonians in Estonia to increase from 61% to 69% in 2006.

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in the commercial district of Tallinn and in a number of wealthy landowners' manors in the Estonian countryside. The Tsarist government responded with a brutal crackdown; some 500 people were executed and hundreds more jailed or deported to Siberia.

1941:. In 1878 a major split happened in the national movement. The moderate wing led by Hurt focused on development of culture and Estonian education, while the radical wing led by Jakobson started demanding increased political and economical rights. 2269:

presented the Estonian government an ultimatum demanding that Estonia immediately sign a treaty that would allow the USSR to establish military bases in Estonia, or else face war. The Estonian government decided to avoid military conflict, and a

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and other Protestant branches. Many Estonians today profess not to be particularly religious because religion through the 19th century was associated with German feudal rule. There has historically been a small but noticeable minority of

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The Estonian society has undergone considerable changes since the country had restored full independence in 1991. Some of the more notable changes have taken effect in the level of stratification and distribution of family income. The

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The USSR established a repressive wartime regime in occupied Estonia. Many of the country's high-ranking civil and military officials, intelligentsia and industrialists were arrested. Soviet repressions culminated on 14 June 1941 with

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Russian is the most spoken minority language in the country. There are towns in Estonia with large concentrations of Russian speakers, and there are towns where Estonian speakers are in the minority (especially in the northeast, e.g.

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in Estonia had fallen from 5.3% (~46,700) in 1881 to 1.3% (16,346) by 1934, mainly due to emigration to Germany in the light of general Russification at the end of the 19th century and the independence of Estonia in the 20th century.

1302:. This foothold may have lasted until ca 1061 when an Estonian tribe, the Sosols, destroyed it. Around the 11th century, the Scandinavian Viking era around the Baltic Sea was succeeded by the Baltic Viking era, with seaborne raids by 3684:

planned wartime size of the Defence Forces is 60,000 personnel, including 21,000 personnel in high readiness reserve. Since 2015, the Estonian defence budget has been over 2% of GDP, fulfilling its NATO defence spending obligation.

5708:) did not speak Estonian. However, by 2010, 64.1% of non-ethnic Estonians spoke Estonian. The latter, mostly Russian-speaking ethnic minorities, reside predominantly in the capital city of Tallinn and the industrial urban areas in 3703:

in several trilateral Baltic defence co-operation initiatives. As part of Baltic Air Surveillance Network (BALTNET) the three countries manage the Baltic airspace control center, Baltic Battalion (BALTBAT) has participated in the

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as the ship was crossing the Baltic Sea, en route from Tallinn, Estonia, to Stockholm, Sweden. The disaster claimed the lives of 852 people (501 of them were Swedes), being one of the worst maritime disasters of the 20th century.

4685:(counties). The mostly Russian-speaking immigrant population is concentrated in urban areas which administratively belong to two counties. Thus 13 of Estonia's 15 counties are over 80% ethnic Estonian, the most homogeneous being 1246:. At that time the country was covered with forests, and people lived in semi-nomadic communities near bodies of water. Subsistence activities consisted of hunting, gathering and fishing. Around 4900 BCE, ceramics appear of the 5420:

Today, Estonia's constitution guarantees freedom of religion, separation of church and state, and individual rights to privacy of belief and religion. According to the Dentsu Communication Institute Inc, Estonia is one of the

3947:, the GDP of Estonia decreased by 1.4% in the 2nd quarter of 2008, over 3% in the 3rd quarter of 2008, and over 9% in the 4th quarter of 2008. The Estonian government made a supplementary negative budget, which was passed by 2502:". The armed resistance was heaviest in the first few years after the war, but Soviet authorities gradually wore it down through attrition, and resistance effectively ceased to exist in the mid-1950s. The Soviets initiated a 3193:

cover 19.4% of Estonian land and 23% of its total area together with territorial sea. Overall there are 3,883 protected natural objects, including 6 national parks, 231 nature conservation areas, and 154 landscape reserves.

1916:, encouraging Estonian farmers to take pride in their language and ethnic Estonian identity. The first nationwide movements formed, such as a campaign to establish the Estonian language Alexander School, the founding of the 11608: 3590:, with the potential political calculation behind it being the wish to distinguish Estonia from its more slowly progressing southern neighbours, which could have postponed early participation in European Union enlargement. 2837:

cover 23.2% of the land. Generally the terrain is flat, average elevation above the sea level being about 50 metres (164 ft). Only 10% of the country's terrain is greater than 100 metres (328 ft) in height, with

134: 13218: 3285:, and has 101 members. Riigikogu's responsibilities include approval and preservation of the national government, passing legal acts, passing the state budget, and conducting parliamentary supervision. On proposal of 10544: 2159:, extended a state of emergency over the entire country, under the pretext that the Vaps movement had been planning a coup. Päts went on to rule by decree for several years, while the parliament did not reconvene (" 6657:

dating from pre-Christian times, a large number of still intact medieval castles and churches, while the countryside is still shaped by the presence of a vast number of wooden manor houses from earlier centuries.

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Poland, Romania, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland were divided between USSR and Germany into "spheres of influence", with Estonia assigned to the Soviet "sphere". On 24 September 1939, the Soviet dictator

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retain biodiversity and meet the country's carbon sequestration goal, but it is increasing, and in 2022 the government ministry responsible for forestry, the RMK, reported a record profit of 1.4 billion euros.

4320:. Because of the rising prices of rare earths, extraction of these oxides has become economically viable. The country currently exports around 3000 tonnes per annum, representing around 2% of world production. 5753:

is one of the oldest universities in Northern Europe and the highest-ranked university in Estonia. According to the Top Universities website, the University of Tartu ranks 285th in the QS Global World Ranking.

6397:, from the 13th century to 1918 by Germany, Sweden, and Russia, resulted in few early literary works being written in the Estonian language. The oldest records of written Estonian date from the 13th century. 10674: 5804:(Estonian for Tiger Leap) was a project undertaken by the state to heavily invest in the development and expansion of computer and network infrastructure in Estonia, with a particular emphasis on education. 1277:

produced threats appearing from different directions. Several Scandinavian sagas referred to major confrontations with Estonians, notably when in the early 7th century "Estonian Vikings" defeated and killed

110: 4253:. Total passengers using the airport has increased on average by 14.2% annually since 1998. On 16 November 2012 Tallinn Airport has reached two million passenger landmark for the first time in its history. 7120: 1137: 15385: 3289:

Riigikogu appoints the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the chairman of the board of the Bank of Estonia, the Auditor General, the Legal Chancellor, and the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces.

2625:) of the USSR followed the Estonian example, issuing similar declarations. On 23 August 1989, about 2 million Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians participated in a mass demonstration, forming the 6220:) have hosted the event every five years in July. The last festival took place in July 2019. In addition, Youth Song Festivals are also held every four or five years, the latest taking place in 2017. 1840:(Muscovy) conquered the whole of Estonia by 1710. The war again devastated the population of Estonia, with the 1712 population estimated at only 150,000–170,000. In 1721, Estonia was divided into two 15935: 14188: 13262: 3913:. Alternative energy sources such as wood, peat, and biomass make up approximately 9% of primary energy production. Renewable wind energy was about 6% of total consumption in 2009. Estonia imports 3921:. Oil shale energy, telecommunications, textiles, chemical products, banking, services, food and fishing, timber, shipbuilding, electronics, and transportation are key sectors of the economy. The 4109:, in the 1990s, Estonia styled itself as the "gateway between East and West" and aggressively pursued economic reform and reintegration with the West. In 1994, applying the economic theories of 2442:

from the south, forcing the Germans to abandon mainland Estonia in September and the Estonian islands in November. As German forces were retreating from Tallinn, the last pre-war prime minister

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The area of the Estonia without the Russian islands it claims. Estonia is 45,335 square kilometers including the islands. However, some people still accept the figure of Estonia as 45,227 km2

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Software for manufacturing: proceedings of the 7th International IFIP/IFAC Conference on Software for Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Dresden, German Democratic Republic, 14–17 June 1988

7747:, which condemned "the fact that the occupation of these formerly independent and neutral States by the Soviet Union occurred in 1940 following the Molotov/Ribbentrop pact, and continues." 6411:(1241) contains Estonian place and family names. Many folk tales are told to this day and some have been written down and translated to make them accessible to an international readership. 4400:

Currently, there are plans to renovate some older units of the Narva Power Plants, establish new power stations, and provide higher efficiency in oil shale-based energy production. Estonia

2085:, went on a counter-offensive, ejecting Bolshevik forces from Estonia within a few weeks. Renewed Soviet attacks failed, and in the spring of 1919, the Estonian army, in co-operation with 5649:

are of different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and German. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one-third of its vocabulary from

6948:. Estonia has been one of the most successful nations at the Olympics in terms of medals won per capita. Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the total medals' table at the 14946:"Estonia Economic Reform History - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System" 5793:

of Sweden in 1632. In 1919, university courses were first taught in the Estonian language. From 2024 all schools will begin to transition to educating solely in the Estonian language.

2062:

immediately followed, but after their defeat in World War I, the Germans were forced to hand over power back to the Provisional Government of independent Estonia on 19 November 1918.

15267: 4701:

immigrant minority makes up about 24% of the country's total population today, but accounts for 35% of the population in Harju county and for a near-70% majority in Ida-Viru county.

3437:

is the fundamental law, establishing the constitutional order based on five principles: human dignity, democracy, rule of law, social state, and the Estonian identity. Estonia has a

17346: 15260:"Actions of the state in directing the use of oil shale. Does the state guarantee that oil shale reserves are used sustainably? Report of the National Audit Office to the Riigikogu" 4721:

In recent years, the number of Swedish residents in Estonia has risen again, numbering almost 500 people by 2008, owing to property reforms enacted in the early 1990s. In 2004, the

20308: 19253: 16580:

the Special Rapporteur considers extremely credible the views of the representatives of the Russian-speaking minorities who expressed that the citizenship policy is discriminatory

14734: 3329:

unamended, then the President has right to propose to the Supreme Court to declare the law unconstitutional. The President also represents the country in international relations.

2952:

Due to varied climatic and soil conditions, and plethora of sea and internal waters, Estonia is one of the most biodiverse regions among the similar sized territories at the same

18911: 15529: 12531: 6023:

Today, Estonian society encourages liberty and liberalism, with a popular commitment to the ideals of the limited government, discouraging centralised power and corruption. The

3929:, near Tallinn, is a modern facility featuring good transhipment capability, a high-capacity grain elevator, chill/frozen storage, and new oil tanker off-loading capabilities. 15745: 2147:, which quickly failed. Estonia's cultural-autonomy law for ethnic minorities, adopted in 1925, is widely recognised as one of the most liberal in the world at that time. The 6965:, a relatively new sport, was invented in 1993 by Ado Kosk in Estonia. Kiiking involves a modified swing in which the rider of the swing tries to go around 360 degrees. 3850:: village, small borough, borough, and town. Generally, villages have less than 300, small boroughs have between 300 and 1000, boroughs and towns have over 1000 inhabitants. 21209: 16949: 12819: 5437:

poll found similar results, with only 16% of Estonians describing religion as "important" in their daily lives, making Estonia the most irreligious of the nations surveyed.

3035:

was confirmed in Western Estonia, much further north than their earlier known range. The number of jackals has grown quickly in coastal areas of Estonia and can be found in

1663:

were formed during the period. Protected by their stone walls and membership in the Hansa, prosperous cities like Reval and Dorpat often defied other rulers of the medieval

1518:, started campaigning against the Estonians in 1208, and over next few years both sides made numerous raids and counter-raids. A major leader of the Estonian resistance was 13034: 21062: 20431: 7423: 6105: 4495:. It has been reported that Estonia has the highest startups per person ratio in the world. As of January 2022, there are 1,291 startups from Estonia, seven of which are 4373:, produces around 73% of the entire country's electricity. Although the number of pollutants emitted has been falling since the 1980s, the air is still contaminated with 20313: 17852: 3728: 3629:

remain generally cold, even though practical co-operation has taken place in between. Since 24 February 2022, the relations with Russia have further deteriorated due to

10541:

Kaasik, Peeter; Raudvassar, Mika (2006). "Estonia from June to October, 1941: Forest brothers and Summer War". In Hiio, Toomas; Maripuu, Meelis; Paavle, Indrek (eds.).

5730:

The most common foreign languages learned by Estonian students are English, Russian, German, and French. Other popular languages include Finnish, Spanish, and Swedish.

3762:, Estonia is the 24th most peaceful country in the world. Since 1995, Estonia has participated in numerous international security and peacekeeping missions, including: 3167:. Forests cover approximately half of the country. 87 native and over 500 introduced tree and bush species have been identified, with most prevalent tree species being 20130: 16063: 7606: 4117:, with a uniform rate of 26% regardless of personal income. This rate has since been reduced several times, e.g., to 24% in 2005, 23% in 2006, and to 21% in 2008. The 2399:

but, as these efforts provided meagre results and the military situation worsened, forced conscription was instituted in 1943, eventually leading to formation of the

2167:

in a popular vote, where both pro-government and opposition candidates participated. The Päts régime was relatively benign compared to other authoritarian régimes in

22162: 17689: 14356: 12732:

Ernits, Madis; et al. (2019). "The Constitution of Estonia: The Unexpected Challenges of Unlimited Primacy of EU Law". In Albi, Anneli; Bardutzky, Samo (eds.).

2667:

In 1992 radical economic reforms were launched for switching over to a market economy, including privatisation and currency reform. Estonia has been a member of the

2589:

by the Soviet central government in 1987 made open political activity possible again in Estonia, which triggered an independence restoration process later known as

17587: 5498:", while 2% belonged to other faiths. The Christians were divided between 25% Eastern Orthodox, 20% Lutherans, 1% Catholic and 5% other Christians. Meanwhile, the 5357:

Estonia has a diverse religious history, owing to influences from various neighboring societies. In recent years it has become increasingly secular, with either a

4760:

has held steadily higher than the European Union average (31 in 2009), although it has clearly dropped. The registered unemployment rate in January 2021 was 6.9%.

3782:. The peak strength of Estonian deployment in Afghanistan was 289 soldiers in 2009. Eleven Estonian soldiers have been killed in missions of Afghanistan and Iraq. 528: 18203: 16262: 15389: 6921:. Estonian athletes took part in the 1952–1988 Olympic Games under the Soviet flag, as the country had been occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 6435:. At a professional level, the traditional folk song reached its new heyday during the last quarter of the 20th century, primarily thanks to the work of composer 1752:

Polish-Lithuanian and Swedish armies went on the offensive and the war ended in 1583 with Russian defeat. As a result of the war, northern Estonia became Swedish

21655: 16038: 14884: 5503: 4449:

project undertaken in the mid-1990s, and has been mentioned as the most "wired" and advanced country in Europe in the terms of e-Government of Estonia. The 2014

2400: 2274:" was signed in Moscow on 28 September 1939. On 14 June 1940 the Soviet Union instituted a full naval and air blockade on Estonia. On the same day, the airliner 19167: 3954:

According to Eurostat data, Estonian PPS GDP per capita stood at 67% of the EU average in 2008. In 2017, the average monthly gross salary in Estonia was €1221.

21421: 15106: 7445: 4150: 17045: 16446: 17816: 14088: 7846: 5879: 3835:

for parishes. For additional decentralization the local authorities may form municipal districts with limited authority, currently those have been formed in

3547:. Joint Nordic-Baltic projects include the education programme Nordplus and mobility programmes for business and industry and for public administration. The 2915: 15025: 13682: 20422: 17989: 16167: 15939: 15193: 14557: 16425: 16012: 13270: 1266:

settlements. A transition from hunter-fisher subsistence to single-farm-based settlement started around 1000 BC, and was complete by the beginning of the

22187: 22172: 18261: 17186: 13797: 13013: 12488: 11113:

Environmental Security and Public Safety: Problems and Needs in Conversion Policy and Research after 15 Years of Conversion in Central and Eastern Europe

4183:

in Nasdaq Tallinn in the number of retail investors participating. The Republic of Estonia remains the largest shareholder and holds 67% of the company.

14781: 13733: 12183: 4658:

and executions. By 1989, ethnic minorities constituted more than one-third of the population, as the number of non-Estonians had grown almost fivefold.

3336:

also provides possibility for direct democracy through referendum, although since adoption of the constitution in 1992 the only referendum has been the

2789:, including those in internal waters, is 2,355, of which 2,222 are in the Baltic Sea. The largest islands are Saaremaa and Hiiumaa. There are over 1560 21753: 18188: 14990: 3337: 16832: 21748: 21202: 20295: 20216: 20120: 17134: 11162: 2367:

Initially, many Estonians were hopeful that Germany would help to restore Estonia's independence, but this soon proved to be in vain. Only a puppet

1805:

farmers' land usage and inheritance rights – hence this period got the reputation of "The Good Old Swedish Time" in historical memory. Swedish King

1775:

to Sweden in 1645. The wars had halved the population of Estonia from about 250–270,000 people in the mid 16th century to 115–120,000 in the 1630s.

21055: 20135: 17097: 16845: 16276: 11545: 2372: 1009: 16637: 14531: 3618:, and on 7 June 2019, was elected a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council for a two-year term that began on 1 January 2020. 22197: 21728: 21723: 20169: 20115: 19405: 15768: 11975: 5533: 3509: 2482: 2059: 13354: 8461:

Mägi, Marika (2015). "Chapter 4. Bound for the Eastern Baltic: Trade and Centres AD 800–1200". In Barrett, James H.; Gibbon, Sarah Jane (eds.).

22052: 20221: 17773: 17429: 10559: 7655: 6340: 5808: 4779: 4377:

from the mining industry the Soviet Union rapidly developed in the early 1950s. In some areas, coastal seawater is polluted, mainly around the

3724: 3630: 2392: 19111: 16381: 15088: 14679: 14631: 12461: 20125: 16981: 13828: 12518:

YLE: Viron presidentinvaali on ajautumassa kaaokseen jo toista kertaa peräkkäin – "Instituutio kyntää pohjamudissa", sanoo politiikan tutkija

7246: 2446: 1821:

were also established in both towns. The beginnings of the Estonian public education system appeared in the 1680s, largely due to efforts of

1001: 636: 17617: 16906: 13964: 13293: 12435: 5699:). Russian is spoken as a secondary language by many 40- to 70-year-old ethnic Estonians because Russian was the unofficial language of the 1732:

consolidated power, posing a growing threat to decentralised Livonia weakened by disputes between cities, nobility, bishops, and the Order.

22167: 22157: 21195: 12161: 9409: 6060: 5705: 4004: 2271: 2237: 691: 17350: 15594: 15259: 12706: 10670: 1359:

and centered on a hill fort; in some rare cases a parish had multiple forts. By the 13th century, Estonia comprised eight major counties:

21695: 21663: 21385: 21048: 18304: 16551: 7470: 6603:

which is a publicly funded radio and television organisation created on 30 June 2007 to take over the functions of the formerly separate

4531: 3587: 1034: 22103: 18839: 15726: 14738: 10435: 5634:

The Estonian language is the world's second-most spoken Finnic language as well as the world's third-most spoken Uralic language (after

2801:, streams, and canals in the country; of these, only ten are longer than 100 kilometres (62 mi). The longest rivers of Estonia are 2579:

on 23 August 1989, two million people formed a human chain across three countries in a mass demonstration against the Soviet occupation.

1270:

around 500 BC. The large amount of bronze objects indicate the existence of active communication with Scandinavian and Germanic tribes.

21718: 21464: 21414: 17072: 15533: 13140: 6445:

was the most prominent prose writer of early Estonian literature and is still widely read today, particularly his lyrical school novel

5669:). The percentage of Low Saxon and High German loanwords can be estimated at 22–25 percent, with Low Saxon making up about 15 percent. 2706: 472: 19232: 18790: 16490: 15646: 12539: 4704:

The Estonian Cultural Autonomy law that was passed in 1925 was unique in Europe at that time. Cultural autonomies could be granted to

4133:

In 1999, Estonia experienced its worst year economically since it regained independence in 1991, largely because of the impact of the

4125:

in late 2004, and adopted the euro as the country's currency on 1 January 2011, later than planned due to continued high inflation. A

17465: 16748: 15742: 4822: 4179:. It was the first time in nearly 20 years in Estonia when a state-owned company went public in Estonia. It was also the 2nd largest 4031:

in the OECD. One of the world's most digitally-advanced societies, in 2005 Estonia became the first state to hold elections over the

3383: 2554: 1852:, which extended to the northern part of Latvia. The tsarist administration restored all the political and landholding rights of the 1013: 584: 18278: 16594: 15167: 13516: 8432: 8258: 7939: 1329:

Estonia could be divided into two main cultural areas. The coastal areas of north and west Estonia had close overseas contacts with

21659: 20415: 20095: 19299: 18160: 16956: 6471:

are Estonia's best-known and most-translated writers. Among the most popular writers of the late 20th and early 21st centuries are

3306:. Estonia has been ruled by coalition governments because no party has been able to obtain an absolute majority in the parliament. 2434:

for six months by German forces, including numerous Estonian units. In March, the Soviet Air Force carried out heavy bombing raids

2261: 2195: 16395: 16295: 15555: 12823: 6597:(BNS), founded in 1990, is a private regional news agency covering Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The ETV24 is an agency owned by 4681:

Modern Estonia is a fairly ethnically homogeneous country, but this historical homogeneity is a feature of 13 of the country's 15

20716: 20025: 17953: 14007: 13752: 13710: 13038: 4586:

made up 88% of the population, with national minorities constituting the remaining 12%. The largest minority groups in 1934 were

3771: 3763: 3578:

The beginning of the attempt to redefine Estonia as "Nordic" was seen in December 1999, when then Estonian foreign minister (and

2291: 2203: 2199: 1826: 20997:

within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.

17372: 15826: 14249: 8487: 4277:

Although Estonia is in general resource-poor, the land still offers a large variety of smaller resources. The country has large

3637:. Estonia has very actively supported Ukraine during the war, providing highest support relative to its gross domestic product. 2774:. Estonian territory covers 45,335 km (17,504 sq mi), of which internal waters comprise 4.6%. When including the 2144: 21773: 11945: 8414: 6684:

was issued. As of 2013, there are 12 public holidays (which come with a day off) and 12 national holidays celebrated annually.

6087: 4389:; another roughly 399 MW worth of projects are currently being developed and more than 2800 MW being proposed in the 2114: 13914: 12684: 12658: 8051: 6178:

is a native instrument that is again becoming more popular in Estonia. A Native Music Preserving Centre was opened in 2008 in

21407: 20228: 20157: 18368: 18341: 17892: 17730: 17654: 17643:

A. Kalja; J. Pruuden; B. Tamm; E. Tyugu (1989). "Two Families of Knowledge Based CAD Environments". In Kochan, Detlef (ed.).

17528: 16331: 15368: 13331: 12765: 12642: 12378: 11063: 11029: 10879: 10804: 10754: 10726: 10701: 10654: 10629: 10598: 10525: 10500: 10393: 10368: 9001: 8470: 2634: 2546: 1026: 21439: 16236: 16067: 14945: 11971: 11691: 7595: 5369:

in recent censuses, followed by those who identify as religiously "undeclared". The largest minority groups are the various

3031:, once extirpated, has also been successfully reintroduced. In the beginning of the 21st century, an isolated population of 2638: 1290:. Similar threats appeared to the east, where East Slavic principalities were expanding westward. Around 1030 the troops of 21452: 20341: 19633: 19493: 19410: 17019: 15333: 15309: 15235: 15127: 7776: 7602: 7509: 6730: 6681: 5845: 3918: 3359: 3355:

51% of the total votes were cast over the internet, becoming the first time when more than half of votes were cast online.

3352: 3207: 2648:

Soviet authorities recognised Estonian independence on 6 September 1991, and on 17 September Estonia was admitted into the

2642: 2614: 2503: 2164: 2051: 2008: 1986: 1046: 969: 401: 18614: 18246: 18067: 16612: 14363: 13849: 13486: 12951: 2190:, and Latvia failed, with only a mutual-defence pact being signed with Latvia in 1923, and later was followed up with the 2117:

was signed by Estonia and Soviet Russia, with the latter pledging to permanently give up all sovereign claims to Estonia.

1772: 21801: 21476: 20408: 20354: 19555: 18751: 15848: 12623:

Laud P. (eds) Information Security Technology for Applications. NordSec 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7161

5658: 5552: 5433:

Poll 2005 found that only 16% of Estonians profess a belief in a god, the lowest belief of all countries studied. A 2009

4864: 4834: 4809: 3791: 2042:

in Estonia in November 1917, and the Provincial Assembly was disbanded. However, the Provincial Assembly established the

906: 17864: 17595: 14415: 13192: 6932:. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in 5878:

of science. The strongest public non-profit research institute that carries out fundamental and applied research is the

21497: 21389: 21218: 20900: 20359: 20179: 20174: 19454: 19442: 19427: 18718: 18200: 16688: 16181: 13542: 12900: 11895: 7437: 6147:. Runic singing was widespread among Estonians until the 18th century, when rhythmic folk songs began to replace them. 5894: 5700: 5684: 5541: 4709: 4670: 4416: 3622: 3118: 2474: 2435: 2296: 1017: 985: 617: 15503: 8599: 5797:

consists of state, municipal, public, and private institutions. There are currently (in 2009) 589 schools in Estonia.

5385:. Other polls suggest the country is broadly split between Christians and the non-religious / religiously undeclared. 21733: 19965: 19924: 19780: 19312: 19061: 19042: 19023: 19001: 18979: 18958: 18939: 18920: 18882: 18860: 18803: 18779: 18764: 18221: 18141: 18117: 17927: 17219: 16791: 16727: 15140: 14928: 13988: 13568: 12883: 12273: 12248: 12144: 11639: 11592: 11510: 11485: 11460: 11435: 11410: 11385: 11354: 11329: 11304: 11279: 11254: 11229: 11204: 11145: 11120: 11095: 10957: 10929: 10904: 10854: 10829: 10779: 10577: 10472: 10343: 10318: 10293: 10268: 10243: 10218: 10190: 10165: 10140: 10115: 10090: 10065: 10040: 10015: 9990: 9965: 9940: 9915: 9881: 9850: 9825: 9800: 9750: 9700: 9570: 9492: 9467: 9442: 9393: 9368: 9343: 9318: 9268: 9243: 9218: 9193: 9168: 9140: 9112: 9087: 9062: 9026: 8973: 8948: 8917: 8892: 8867: 8842: 8817: 8792: 8767: 8717: 8667: 8642: 8582: 8529: 8390: 8365: 8340: 8241: 8185: 8160: 8031: 7953: 7926: 7906: 7327: 7095: 7009: 6463:, captured the evolution of Estonian society from a poor farmer community to an independent nation. In modern times, 6213: 5373:, principally Lutheran and Orthodox Christians, with very small numbers of adherents of non-Christian faiths, namely 3944: 3379: 2024: 19813: 17265:"Kirch, Aksel. "Russians in contemporary Estonia – different strategies of the integration in to the nation-state."" 14505: 11272:

Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe: Schriften Des Hannah-Arendt-Instituts Für Totalitarismusforschung 36

7180:

in some contexts. Various sources classify Estonia differently for statistical and other purposes. For example, the

2866:

in some contexts. Various sources classify Estonia differently for statistical and other purposes. For example, the

2236:

troops moving into military bases in Estonia in October 1939, after the Soviet Union had forced Estonia to sign the

100: 21791: 21152: 20162: 19488: 19471: 19350: 18693: 17853:

Nordic ideals of Estonia and Finland: a longing for a strong leader sets Finland and Estonia apart from Scandinavia

17510: 17049: 16878: 16663:"PC0454: at least 15-year-old persons by religion, sex, age group, ethnic nationality and county, 31 December 2011" 16442: 15263: 14972: 14793: 11526: 8283: 6953: 6949: 6646: 5837: 4655: 4442: 3752: 3615: 3532: 2618: 2364:

in late August with massive losses, and capture of the Estonian islands was completed by German forces in October.

1994: 1825:, who also introduced orthographical reforms to written Estonian. The population of Estonia grew rapidly until the 1782:

Public education systems founded during prior Swedish rule made Estonia and Finland the two most literate areas of

1753: 1030: 953: 176: 13390: 13114: 13088: 4149:, Estonia completed most of its preparations for European Union membership by the end of 2002. Estonia joined the 3909:

Estonia produces about 75% of its consumed electricity. In 2011, about 85% of it was generated with locally mined

3351:

the first country in the world to introduce nationwide binding Internet voting in local elections of 2005. In the

22073: 21866: 21688: 20965: 20262: 20110: 19873: 19437: 15961: 15036: 13166: 12110: 8020:

Crusading and Chronicle Writing on the Medieval Baltic Frontier: A Companion to the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia

6413: 6059:, EKA) is providing higher education in art, design, architecture, media, art history and conservation while the 5764: 3767: 2506:, but as farmers remained opposed to it a campaign of terror was unleashed. In March 1949 about 20,000 Estonians 2478: 2453:

in an unsuccessful attempt to restore Estonia's independence. Tens of thousands of people, including most of the

2223: 2155:

spearheaded a constitutional reform establishing a strong presidency. On 12 March 1934 the acting head of state,

2055: 993: 893:

on the east coast of the Baltic Sea, covering a total area of 45,335 square kilometres (17,504 sq mi).

431: 18513: 17997: 17161: 16471:. Statistics Estonia (government agency at the area of administration of the Ministry of Finance). December 2022 16468: 15794: 14561: 13875: 11738:. Statistics Estonia (government agency at the area of administration of the Ministry of Finance). December 2022 11735: 7566: 4923: 22152: 21738: 20389: 19333: 16515: 16422: 12212: 11929: 10982: 10418: 9775: 9725: 9673: 9648: 9623: 9598: 9542: 9517: 9293: 8742: 8692: 8557: 8210: 8135: 8110: 8085: 5571: 5528:

Eastern Orthodoxy is practised chiefly by the ethnic Russian minority, as well as by the small ethnic Estonian

4698: 3970:

Estonia's economy continues to benefit from a transparent government and policies that sustain a high level of

3732: 3655: 3471: 2606: 2028: 1957:. In the early 20th century, Estonians started taking over control of local governments in towns from Germans. 1590: 1527: 1503: 1073: 1057: 565: 320: 18258: 14330: 14232: 13941: 13436: 12496: 11709: 7635:"United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)-Geographic Regions" 4106: 4102:

in 1928 and was used until 1940. After Estonia regained its independence, the kroon was reintroduced in 1992.

21743: 19914: 19843: 19719: 17670:

H. Jaakkola; A. Kalja (1997). "Estonian Information Technology Policy in Government, Industry and Research".

16720:

Measuring Police Integrity Across the World: Studies from Established Democracies and Countries in Transition

14535: 14011: 13801: 12374: 11865: 6402: 5820: 4848:

a, with "linn" in English meaning both "cities" and "towns". More than 70% of the population lives in towns.

4840:

Tallinn is the capital and the largest city of Estonia, and lies on the northern coast of Estonia, along the

4420: 4408: 4134: 4012: 3371: 2622: 2408: 2121: 1921: 1589:. In the next decades there were several uprisings against the Teutonic rulers in Saaremaa. In 1343, a major 1423: 794: 17567:"National Registry of Cultural Monuments 7010 Eesti Üliõpilaste Seltsi hoone Tartus, J.Tõnissoni 1, 1901.a." 14998: 12596: 11763:. Statistics Estonia (government agency at the area of administration of the Ministry of Finance). July 2010 6154:

were once widespread, and are now becoming more commonly played once more. Other instruments, including the

5785:

were founded. The first primer in the Estonian language was published in 1575. The oldest university is the

4404:

35% of its electricity market in April 2010; the electricity market as whole was to be liberalised by 2013.

1949:

suppressed. In the late 1890s, there was a new surge of nationalism with the rise of prominent figures like

1574: 22192: 20813: 20300: 19596: 19478: 19415: 19328: 19292: 18588: 17111: 15672: 15621: 13853: 13520: 13494: 12904: 12710: 12662: 12022: 10518:

Warlands: Population Resettlement and State Reconstruction in the Soviet-East European Borderlands, 1945–50

6945: 6599: 6352: 5871: 4750: 4415:

nuclear plant. However, due to the slow pace of the project and problems with the nuclear sector (like the

4412: 4234: 4032: 3980: 3626: 3467: 3348: 2550: 2430:

The Red Army reached the Estonian borders again in early 1944, but its advance into Estonia was stopped in

2368: 2361: 2300: 2125: 2070: 2043: 2032: 1990: 1917: 1356: 1038: 775: 770: 760: 752: 21525: 18538: 17138: 13824: 12926: 10975:"The formation of ethnically mixed partnerships in Estonia: A stalling trend from a two-sided perspective" 1542:

by the Oeselians. In 1223, a major revolt ejected the Germans and Danes from the whole of Estonia, except

78: 21142: 20991:

Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.

20249: 20018: 19909: 19743: 19540: 19400: 19221: 17211:

Towards Openly Multilingual Policies and Practices: Assessing Minority Language Maintenance Across Europe

15289: 15215: 13637: 11869: 11170: 7544: 6293: 6205: 6079: 5790: 5623:

origin. Unlike Estonian and Finnish, the languages of their nearest geographical neighbouring countries,

4578:

Population of Estonia 1960–2019. The changes are largely attributed to Soviet immigration and emigration.

4270: 4003:

that was among the fastest-growing in the EU since its entry in 2004. The country ranks very high in the

3877: 3847: 3807: 3548: 3528: 3282: 2257: 1886: 1878: 1865: 1806: 1729: 1639:

controlled trade on the Baltic Sea, and overall the four largest towns in Estonia became members: Reval,

965: 949: 18642: 18081: 17972: 16852: 16662: 16280: 14135: 11195:

Feldbrugge, F. J. Ferdinand Joseph Maria; Van den Berg, Gerard Pieter; Simons, William Bradford (1985).

7301: 4817:

When compared with results from a 2000 survey, Russians had a more positive attitude toward the future.

1179:

the toponym spread to other Germanic vernaculars and reached literary Latin by the end of 12th century.

21681: 19919: 19545: 19530: 19525: 19380: 16576:

Naturalisation in Estonia Statement by the Legal Information Centre for Human Rights (Tallinn, Estonia)

16141: 16013:"The Estonia-Singapore tech corridor: A conversation with Priit Turk, Estonian ambassador to Singapore" 14806: 12413: 12044: 10465:

Illegal Annexation and State Continuity: The Case of the Incorporation of the Baltic States by the USSR

8989: 7197: 6712: 6690: 6677: 6667: 6502: 6017: 4746: 3572: 3190: 3136: 2931: 2879: 2786: 2621:, asserting the primacy of Estonian laws. Over the next two years, many other administrative parts (or 2498:

Thousands of Estonians opposing the second Soviet occupation joined a guerrilla movement known as the "

2376: 957: 746: 722: 19197: 18900: 15772: 14453: 14304: 14215: 14164: 14069: 11761:"Population by the place of residence and mother tongue, statistical database: Population Census 2000" 11053: 11019: 7827: 5558:

According to the census of 2000 (data in table to the right), there were about 1,000 adherents of the

5517:

had surpassed Lutheranism, accounting for 16.5% of the population (176,773 people). While not being a

4530:

system. Several cryptocurrency trading platforms are officially recognised by the government, such as

4407:

Together with Lithuania, Poland, and Latvia, the country considered participating in constructing the

4171:, taking into account both cargo and passenger traffic, is one of the largest port enterprises of the 2888: 1415:. Counties were independent entities and engaged only in a loose cooperation against foreign threats. 19643: 19550: 19520: 16211: 13361: 10572:

The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the Path to Independence by Anatol Lieven p424

6620: 6587: 6224: 4905: 4885: 4557: 4269:

in Estonia was one of the most developed in the world. In 2012, oil shale supplied 70% of Estonia's

4195: 4191: 4008: 3971: 3812: 3799: 3484:

on 17 September 1991. Since restoration of independence Estonia has pursued close relations with the

3298: 3254: 2798: 2660: 2031:

to include Estonian-speaking areas of Livonia and was granted autonomy, enabling the election of the

1999: 1822: 1360: 348: 19420: 17759: 15921: 15878: 12782: 12066: 5777:

The history of formal education in Estonia dates back to the 13th and 14th centuries when the first

2094: 20336: 19658: 19535: 19272: 19108: 18824: 18487: 16373: 15451: 14687: 14635: 12849: 12562: 7768: 7492: 6052: 5996: 5883: 5853: 5849: 5768: 4813: 4138: 3447: 3438: 3423: 3024: 2790: 2668: 2610: 2387:

in 1941. Numerous forced labour camps were established where thousands of Estonians, foreign Jews,

2356:. Many Estonians went into the forest, starting an anti-Soviet guerrilla campaign. In July, German 1538:, and started conquering Northern Estonia. The next year, Sweden invaded Western Estonia, but were 1175:

are the earliest known sources that definitely use the name in its modern geographic meaning. From

933: 20: 17817:"Estonia is a full member of ESA starting from 1st of September 2015 | Estonian Space Office" 17712: 16982:"Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe | Pew Research Center" 13593: 13009: 10974: 6623:, in 2024, Estonia ranked 6th in the world for press freedom, right below that of the neighboring 6271:. In 2014, Arvo Pärt was the world's most performed living composer for the fourth year in a row. 6212:

events in the world. In 2004, about 100,000 people participated in the Song Festival. Since 1928,

3281:

Estonian parliament Riigikogu is elected by citizens over 18 years of age for a four-year term by

2750:

between 57°30′ and 59°49′ N and 21°46′ and 28°13′ E. It is bordered to the north by the

2534:

in the northern parts of the country, thus getting a better picture of the way of life behind the

1928:, held in 1869 in Tartu. Linguistic reforms helped to develop the Estonian language. The national 19833: 19818: 19760: 19628: 19606: 19586: 19449: 19285: 17621: 16923: 15361:

Turning a Problem into a Resource: Remediation and Waste Management at the Sillamäe Site, Estonia

13323:

Northern Security and Global Politics: Nordic-Baltic strategic influence in a post-unipolar world

12348: 11297:

Between Utopia and Disillusionment: A Narrative of the Political Transformation in Eastern Europe

11163:"Window to the West: Memories of watching Finnish television in Estonia during the Soviet period" 7322:

Laakso, Johanna (2014), "The Finnic Languages", in Dahl, Östen; Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria (eds.),

6641: 6636: 6289: 5887: 5545: 5537: 5312: 4915: 4900: 4895: 4880: 4742: 4569: 4180: 3873: 3688: 3664: 3650: 3646: 3434: 3407: 3333: 2349: 2219: 2132: 1965: 1961: 1891: 1065: 989: 669: 542: 490: 248: 84: 19130: 17389: 12986: 12088: 9416: 9054: 9048: 8940: 8934: 7685:"OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms - Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) Definition" 5619:. Estonian is closely related to Finnish, and one of the few languages of Europe that is not of 1894:

started publishing one of the first successful circulating Estonian-language weekly newspapers,

1219:

Human settlement in Estonia became possible 13,000–11,000 years ago, when the ice from the last

1160:, while others have proposed that the name then applied to the whole eastern Baltic Sea region. 22147: 21811: 21431: 21147: 21120: 20486: 20379: 20267: 20011: 19848: 19694: 19684: 19611: 19395: 19390: 18019: 17798: 17320: 17208:

Laakso, Johanna; Sarhimaa, Anneli; Spiliopoulou Åkermark, Sia; Toivanen, Reeta (3 March 2016).

17003:

Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe: 1. Religious affiliation

15598: 15580:

M. Auer (2004). Estonian Environmental Reforms: A Small Nation's Outsized Accomplishments. In:

13892: 13266: 12741: 10678: 10621: 10615: 9907: 9901: 9873: 9867: 8233: 8227: 7222: 6538: 6532: 6520: 6498: 6197: 6097: 6083: 5938: 5918: 5620: 5525:

of Estonia with an agreement giving preferential status to the Lutheran church ending in 2023.

5370: 5273: 5189: 4708:

numbering more than 3,000 people with longstanding ties to the Republic of Estonia. Before the

4523: 4508: 4450: 4351: 4176: 4146: 4036: 3709: 3564: 3455: 3413: 3267: 3144: 2613:, which came to represent the moderate wing in the independence movement, and the more radical 2431: 2345: 2187: 1925: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1764: 1700:) was founded in 1632 by King Gustaf II Adolf and was then the second university in the entire 1684: 1680: 1664: 592: 536: 444: 21399: 18358: 18331: 16321: 15426: 13321: 12597:"How a tiny country bordering Russia became one of the most tech-savvy societies in the world" 11569: 10446: 8634: 8628: 7985: 5954: 5574:), and the Muslim community numbers just over 1,400. Around 68,000 people consider themselves 22202: 22083: 20969: 20832: 20803: 20331: 20272: 19934: 19889: 19785: 19601: 18989: 17209: 17002: 15718: 15582:

Restoring Cursed Earth: Appraising Environmental Policy Reforms in Eastern Europe and Russia.

15478: 15102: 14609: 11377: 11371: 10973:

Puur, Allan; Rahnu, Leen; Sakkeus, Luule; Klesment, Martin; Abuladze, Liili (22 March 2018).

9019:

The Military Orders and the Reformation: Choices, State Building, and the Weight of Tradition

8488:"Indigenous and imported Viking Age weapons in Norway – a problem with European implications" 7750: 6937: 6774: 6526: 6364: 6024: 5942: 5495: 5422: 4341: 4118: 4020: 3387: 3363: 3347:, with 99 percent of the public services being available on the web 24 hours a day. In 2005, 3294: 3275: 3036: 2047: 1787: 1725: 1203: 728: 275: 19211: 18308: 17950: 16347: 16096: 13144: 12734:

National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law

12406: 7705: 6128:). Saxo speaks of Estonian warriors who sang at night while waiting for a battle. The older 3147:. Estonia has a rich composition of floristic groups, with estimated 6000 (3461 identified) 2797:

in central Estonia. Additionally there are many artificial water reservoirs. There are over

1258:

appeared; this included new activities like primitive agriculture and animal husbandry. The

19863: 19765: 19729: 19704: 19638: 19591: 19503: 18809: 16494: 13386: 11799: 7634: 6922: 6918: 6861: 6562: 6479:, who uses elements of Estonian folklore and mythology, deforming them into the absurd and 5815: 5758: 5727:, where there are many villages with bilingual Estonian or Swedish names and street signs. 5587: 4844:. There are 33 cities and several town-parish towns in the country. In total, there are 47 4333: 4266: 4162: 3668: 3583: 3579: 3321: 3286: 3232: 3211: 3075: 3067: 3044: 2730: 2725: 2384: 2317: 2098: 1913: 1905: 1874: 1535: 738: 459: 333: 21488: 18668: 17469: 14233:

Europe's Declining Gas Demand: Trends and Facts about European Gas Consumption – June 2015

7043:. There is no academic consensus on the status of South Estonian as a dialect or language. 5910: 3309: 2810: 2674:

Since regaining independence in 1991, Estonian foreign policy has been aligned with other

2629:

human chain across the three countries. In February 1990, elections were held to form the

1721:, but already from the 1530s onward the regular religious services were held in Estonian. 1613:, northeastern Estonia, was established in mid-13th century when the area was part of the 64: 8: 21881: 21577: 21298: 20925: 20758: 20556: 20257: 20105: 19868: 19858: 19790: 19714: 19581: 19569: 18747: 18282: 17545: 17006: 16919: 16591: 16340: 12626: 8624: 7744: 6594: 6583: 6422: 6407: 6386: 6248: 6175: 6033: 5971:

Estonia is a member of the international scientific organisations CERN, ESA, and UNESCO.

5906: 5833: 5824: 5786: 5750: 5483: 5291: 4910: 4890: 4794: 4250: 4219: 4203: 4122: 4016: 4000: 3892: 3823: 3803: 3795: 3740: 3705: 3568: 3544: 3203: 3128: 2747: 2699: 2630: 2518: 2228: 2020: 1841: 1697: 1570: 1437: 1255: 1100: 1080: 914: 824:

state continuity was preserved by diplomatic representatives and the government-in-exile.

315: 293: 287: 236: 153: 20904: 18894: 18829: 10847:

The white book: losses inflicted on the Estonian nation by occupation regimes, 1940–1991

10822:

The white book: losses inflicted on the Estonian nation by occupation regimes, 1940–1991

10772:

The white book: losses inflicted on the Estonian nation by occupation regimes, 1940–1991

6259:

emerged in the late 19th century. Currently, the most well-known Estonian composers are

6092: 22182: 21164: 21115: 20824: 20400: 20184: 19958: 19939: 19899: 19805: 19724: 19672: 19515: 19483: 19464: 19385: 19320: 19216: 18171: 17951:

Pärimusmuusika ait lööb uksed valla (Estonian Native Music Preserving Centre is opened)

17747: 16811: 16783: 16692: 16666: 12979: 12872:

From Eastern Bloc to European Union: Comparative Processes of Transformation since 1990

12325: 12290: 11949: 11829: 11557: 10553: 7709: 7441: 7413:

By Estonian law, ethnicity is registered via self-declaration (which is not mandatory).

7214: 7201: 7004: 6512: 6472: 6037: 6004: 5980: 5841: 5650: 5635: 5358: 4545:

In 2007, however, a large current account deficit and rising inflation put pressure on

4337: 4227: 4211: 3859: 3779: 3759: 3748: 3676: 3451: 3127:, Estonia is shared between the Central European and Eastern European provinces of the 3063: 3048: 2956:. Many species extinct in most other European countries can be still found in Estonia. 2901: 2883: 2594: 2566: 2531: 2499: 2491: 2106: 1938: 1833: 1810: 1614: 1598:

remained the language of the ruling elite in both Estonian cities and the countryside.

1232: 1188: 1161: 1061: 1042: 377: 21187: 18772:

The Baltic Nations and Europe: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in the Twentieth Century

18176: 16689:"PHC 2011: over a quarter of the population are affiliated with a particular religion" 15754: 14709: 14113: 11138:

Bridging the Baltic Sea: Networks of Resistance and Opposition during the Cold War Era

8603: 8055: 7871: 7341: 6476: 2156: 1954: 1896: 22078: 21856: 21758: 21704: 21103: 21040: 21023: 20531: 20346: 19853: 19828: 19775: 19699: 19057: 19038: 19019: 18997: 18975: 18954: 18935: 18916: 18878: 18856: 18799: 18775: 18760: 18364: 18337: 18137: 18113: 17923: 17888: 17726: 17650: 17588:"National summary sheets on education systems in Europe and ongoing reforms: Estonia" 17215: 17091: 16787: 16723: 16327: 16161: 15852: 15364: 15363:. Volume 28 of NATO science series: Disarmament technologies. Springer. p. 229. 15315: 15305: 15241: 15231: 14257: 13984: 13327: 12879: 12845: 12761: 12638: 12330: 12312: 12269: 12244: 12140: 11925: 11833: 11821: 11635: 11588: 11506: 11481: 11456: 11431: 11406: 11381: 11350: 11325: 11300: 11275: 11250: 11225: 11200: 11141: 11116: 11091: 11059: 11025: 10953: 10925: 10900: 10875: 10850: 10825: 10800: 10775: 10750: 10722: 10697: 10650: 10625: 10594: 10573: 10521: 10496: 10468: 10414: 10389: 10386:

The Baltic Nations and Europe: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in the Twentieth Century

10364: 10339: 10314: 10289: 10264: 10239: 10214: 10186: 10161: 10136: 10111: 10086: 10061: 10036: 10011: 9986: 9961: 9936: 9911: 9877: 9846: 9821: 9796: 9771: 9746: 9721: 9696: 9669: 9644: 9619: 9594: 9566: 9538: 9513: 9488: 9463: 9438: 9389: 9364: 9339: 9314: 9289: 9264: 9239: 9214: 9189: 9164: 9136: 9108: 9083: 9058: 9022: 8997: 8969: 8944: 8913: 8888: 8863: 8838: 8813: 8788: 8763: 8738: 8713: 8688: 8663: 8638: 8578: 8553: 8525: 8466: 8386: 8361: 8336: 8306: 8237: 8206: 8181: 8156: 8131: 8106: 8081: 8027: 7959: 7949: 7922: 7902: 7356: 7218: 7133: 7113: 7105: 7040: 6959:

Estonia has many indoor and outdoor facilities dedicated to various sports branches.

6786: 6608: 6508: 6459: 6394: 6390: 5986: 5782: 5724: 5654: 5646: 5608: 5103: 4697:, however, ethnic Estonians make up 60% and 20% of the population, respectively. The 4496: 4285:

deposits. In addition to oil shale and limestone, Estonia also has large reserves of

4242: 4078: 3996: 3477: 2439: 2379:, with its economy being fully subjugated to German military needs. About a thousand 2333: 2276: 2175: 2163:"). A new constitution was adopted in a 1937 referendum, and in 1938 a new bicameral 1837: 1771:, including the regions of Southern Estonia and Northern Latvia. Danish Saaremaa was 1767:

broke out, causing further devastation. The protracted war ended in 1629 with Sweden

1740: 1736: 1701: 1652: 1546:, but the crusaders soon resumed their offensive, and in 1227, Saaremaa was the last 1295: 1168: 1130: 1122: 1053: 945: 918: 910: 817: 416: 211: 50: 27: 18971:

The Baltic States: The National Self-determination of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

18462: 8409: 5745: 5687:

distinct from northern Estonian, but are traditionally and officially considered as

3987:

places the country 16th in the world. The strong focus on the IT sector through its

3744: 2826: 2102: 22142: 21169: 20961: 20150: 20145: 19974: 19929: 19894: 19838: 19795: 19755: 19375: 19345: 19227: 18759:. L'Unione europea e l'allargamento ad Est. Greco&Greco editori, Milano, 2004. 17915: 17718: 16400: 15297: 15223: 14837: 14089:"How A Former Soviet State Became One Of The World's Most Advanced Digital Nations" 13976: 12753: 12745: 12630: 12320: 12302: 11811: 11169:(3/2013). Journal of European Television History and Culture: 80–81. Archived from 10991: 8298: 7945: 7898: 7847:"How A Former Soviet State Became One Of The World's Most Advanced Digital Nations" 7684: 7063: 6901: 6851: 6492: 6348: 6305: 6113: 6073: 6041: 6012: 5991: 5875: 5720: 5639: 5628: 5624: 5616: 5612: 5597: 5514: 5486:, found that 51% of the population of Estonia declared itself to be Christian, 45% 5467:

were the largest Christian group in Estonia, accounting for 17% of citizens, while

5464: 5434: 5389: 4757: 4519: 4518:

the beginning of the 2000s (decade). As the largest city, Tallinn has emerged as a

4083: 3984: 3869: 3680: 3520: 3243: 3180: 2927: 2911: 2712: 2542: 2507: 2412: 2321: 2309: 2281: 2148: 1818: 1814: 1757: 1748: 1717:. Church services were now conducted in vernacular language, which initially meant 1636: 1566: 1553:

After the crusade, the territory of present-day south Estonia and Latvia was named

1539: 1487: 1461: 1419: 1224: 973: 644: 383: 18437: 18156: 14832: 14657: 13215:"Nordic Council of Ministers' Information Offices in the Baltic States and Russia" 12783:"Legal Policy Decisions and Choices in the Creation of New Private Law in Estonia" 10545:

Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity

7921:

Harrison, D. & Svensson, K. (2007). Vikingaliv. Fälth & Hässler, Värnamo.

7895:: The Role of the Eastern Baltic in Viking Age Communication across the Baltic Sea 7033: 6007:

incorporates indigenous heritage, as represented by the Estonian language and the

5676: 5459:

found that Christianity was the largest religion in Estonia accounting for 45% of

4223: 2843: 2806: 2348:

initiated a scorched earth policy. Political prisoners who could not be evacuated

1950: 21936: 21016: 20929: 20737: 20616: 20443: 20244: 19904: 19823: 19689: 19623: 19340: 19248: 19201: 19134: 19115: 18969: 18820: 18265: 18207: 18107: 17976: 17882: 17644: 16598: 16532: 16429: 16240: 15749: 15730: 14976: 14219: 14168: 13775: 13687: 13420: 13298: 11673: 8418: 7189: 7169: 6933: 6450: 5934: 5914: 5709: 5666: 5601: 5522: 5257: 5121: 5087: 5069: 5019: 4933: 4841: 4722: 4714: 4694: 4666: 4476: 4374: 4366: 4359: 4168: 4110: 4095: 4062: 4028: 3888: 3884: 3591: 3524: 3508:

is based in Tallinn, and started operations at the end of 2012. Estonia held the

3446:

are district courts which handle appeals about the first instance decisions. The

3443: 3325: 3032: 3004: 2988: 2855: 2775: 2751: 2602: 2454: 2423: 2396: 2325: 2168: 2004: 1768: 1676: 1578: 1274: 1199: 1112: 1096: 1092: 1069: 981: 850: 846: 308: 70: 17023: 16575: 16189: 15337: 15061: 14610:"Digital Economy Estonia: From IT tiger to the World's Most Pre-eminent e-state" 12634: 7510:"Population census: Estonia's population and the number of Estonians have grown" 6575: 5823:, built-in 1901–1902 in Tartu, and considered the first example of the Estonian 5239: 5137: 5082: 5053: 3519:

co-operation with Latvia and Lithuania, and Nordic-Baltic co-operation with the

1601: 1418:

Little is known of medieval Estonians' spiritual and religious practices before

1103:, digitalisation of public services and the prevalence of technology companies. 22068: 22006: 21831: 21763: 21537: 21258: 21222: 20994: 20691: 20506: 20100: 19979: 19709: 19618: 19459: 19432: 19365: 19360: 19178: 19011: 18875:

The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Path to Independence

16942: 14182:""Põlevkivi kasutamise riikliku arengukava 2008–2015" 2011. a täitmise aruanne" 13546: 12875: 11891: 9156: 8302: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7029: 6982: 6468: 6333: 6140: 6045: 6029: 5946: 5930: 5672: 5518: 5452: 5447:

stave church, built in 1644, is the oldest surviving wooden building in Estonia

5342: 4962: 4775: 4642: 4627: 4595: 4553: 4546: 4514: 4480: 4464: 4435: 4401: 4199: 4126: 4057: 4024: 3975: 3736: 3493: 3481: 3403: 3314: 3249: 3132: 3124: 3008: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2818: 2794: 2781:

Estonia has a 3,794 kilometres (2,357 mi) long coastline, notable for its

2679: 2649: 2191: 2160: 2105:

there. After the collapse of the White Russian forces, the Red Army launched a

2086: 2082: 2039: 1783: 1628: 1606: 1586: 1582: 1562: 1469: 1287: 1084: 961: 932:

Present-day Estonia has been inhabited by humans since at least 9,000 BCE. The

922: 354: 149: 19154: 15856: 14910: 14885:"30 years of monetary reform in Estonia: Lessons learned for the decade ahead" 14051: 13060: 12815: 12749: 12184:"Peep Männil: Läänemaal elab veel vähemalt kaks šaakalit, tõenäoliselt rohkem" 10996: 10675:

Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity

7809: 7723: 6232: 5551:

Catholics are a small minority in Estonia. They are organised under the Latin

5502:

were divided between 9% as atheists, 1% as agnostics and 35% as believing in “

5001: 2443: 2151:

put heavy pressure on Estonia's political system, and in 1933, the right-wing

2015:

on 23 February 1918. One of the very first images of the independent republic.

1228: 22136: 22118: 22105: 22047: 21896: 21459: 21028: 20776: 20742: 20576: 20034: 19355: 19258: 19243: 19182: 18870: 18834: 18618: 17957: 17430:"Estonia: Action plan approved for transition to Estonian-language education" 16914: 15987: 15697: 15319: 15301: 15245: 15227: 12316: 11825: 9261:

The Northern Wars: War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe, 1558 – 1721

8966:

The Northern Wars: War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe, 1558 – 1721

8310: 7963: 7360: 6996: 6910: 6820: 6808: 6738: 6567: 6418: 6325: 6321: 6317: 6309: 6228: 5950: 5922: 5734: 5680: 5567: 5456: 5430: 5406: 5268: 5200: 4797: 4789: 4730: 4674: 4651: 4635: 4607: 4603: 4424: 4215: 4207: 4187: 4099: 4087: 3926: 3922: 3672: 3535:. Estonia has built close relationship with the Nordic countries, especially 3516: 3497: 3485: 3156: 3103: 3056: 3020: 2976: 2972: 2839: 2822: 2814: 2782: 2675: 2522: 2514: 2418: 2388: 2380: 2179: 2152: 2101:

which had attempted to dominate Latvia, restoring power to the government of

2078: 2066: 1945: 1829:

of 1695–97 in which 70,000–75,000 people died – about 20% of the population.

1554: 1523: 1465: 1441: 1380: 1368: 1251: 1243: 977: 787: 387: 218: 191: 178: 18904:(12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. 18843:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 797–798. 18041: 17492: 16833:

Constitution of Estonia#Chapter 2: Fundamental Rights, Liberties, and Duties

13461: 13437:"List of OECD Member countries – Ratification of the Convention on the OECD" 13240: 12707:"Reformierakonna, Eesti 200 ja Sotsiaaldemokraatide valitsus astus ametisse" 12307: 11816: 6571: 6336:

was the first song in Estonian to chart in the UK, Belgium and Switzerland.

6282: 5898: 5801: 5772: 4560:

to Estonia are Sweden and Finland (As of 31 December 2016 48.3%).

4446: 3114: 2113:

in late 1919, but failed to achieve a breakthrough. On 2 February 1920, the

1848:, which included Tallinn and the northern part of Estonia, and the southern 1632: 20781: 20747: 20696: 20290: 19370: 18563: 17207: 16696: 16469:"The results of the 2021 population and housing census have been published" 14506:"Country Rankings: World & Global Economy Rankings on Economic Freedom" 14033: 12334: 11997: 11736:"The results of the 2021 population and housing census have been published" 9161:

A Military History of Russia: From Ivan the Terrible to the War in Chechnya

9050:

Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture, Volume 1

8936:

Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture, Volume 1

7791: 7382: 7037: 6673: 6604: 6436: 6344: 6285:

has become popular in Europe, also gaining in popularity in North America.

6268: 6264: 6144: 5902: 5886:, compared to an EU average of around 2.0%. Estonia was ranked 16th in the 5414: 5332: 5223: 5205: 5171: 5155: 5035: 4985: 4967: 4951: 4690: 4661:

At the end of the 1980s, Estonians perceived their demographic change as a

4619: 4574: 4492: 4468: 4091: 4066: 3896: 3775: 3344: 3221: 3099: 3071: 2941: 2778:, the Estonian border encompasses 70,177 km (27,095 sq mi). 2716:

standard Estonian reported that they can also speak a dialect of Estonian.

2653: 2535: 2462: 2285: 2249: 2245: 2207: 2140: 1744: 1483: 1376: 1279: 1149: 1005: 997: 941: 898: 281: 21373: 19150: 18233: 17919: 13734:"A letter from 1949 indicates Estonia wanted to be a NATO founding member" 12621:

Vinkel, Priit (2012). "Information Security Technology for Applications".

11453:

Democracy and Post-Communism: Political Change in the Post-Communist World

10033:

Secret Soldiers of the Revolution: Soviet Military Intelligence, 1918–1933

7471:"Estonia gains 95 islands, but loses 4 square kilometers with updated map" 6260: 6189: 4689:, where Estonians account for 98.4% of the population. In the counties of 3023:

has been successfully reintroduced to the island of Hiiumaa, and the rare

2513:

The Russian-dominated occupation authorities under the Soviet Union began

2395:

perished. German occupation authorities started recruiting men into small

21991: 21931: 21607: 21328: 20859: 20676: 20611: 20201: 18229: 14509: 13517:"Ambassador: Successes tend to get ignored in Estonian-Russian relations" 11917: 11795: 8545: 6857: 6750: 6724: 6627:(5th place). In 2023, Estonia ranked 8th in the world for press freedom. 6550: 6544: 6301: 6297: 6256: 6252: 6244: 5958: 5926: 5893:

Some of the best-known scientists related to Estonia include astronomers

5719:

Apart from many other areas, the influence of Swedish is distinct in the

5691:

and "regional forms of the Estonian language", not separate language(s).

5662: 5592: 5510: 5410: 4539: 4460: 4390: 4305: 4286: 4238: 4047: 3375: 3367: 3083: 3079: 3016: 2767: 2585: 2206:

in 1939. In 1939, Estonia declared neutrality, but this proved futile in

1929: 1802: 1714: 1709: 1495: 1408: 1396: 1330: 870: 19083: 17909: 17722: 17242: 16552:"Estonia has accepted the largest share of Ukrainian refugees in the EU" 15795:"Developing Estonian energy policy hand in hand with EU energy packages" 14969: 14583: 12757: 11655: 6329: 5570:). The Jewish community has an estimated population of about 1,900 (see 5252: 4378: 4317: 2171:

Europe, and the régime never used violence against political opponents.

1474: 1364: 21961: 21926: 21906: 21597: 21318: 21072: 20646: 20606: 20586: 20566: 20471: 20189: 19880: 18755:. The European Union and its enlargement to the East. Book in Italian. 17073:"Estonian government ends long-standing agreement with Lutheran Church" 16950:"Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe" 15194:"FOTOD: Vaata, kuidas saabus Tallinna lennujaama kahe miljones reisija" 13972: 13615: 13167:"NordicBaltic Mobility and Network Programme for Business and Industry" 13065: 11692:"Estonia in the UN Security Council | Ministry of Foreign Affairs" 8405: 7204:

classifies it as Eastern Europe. Usage varies greatly in press sources.

6906: 6885: 6832: 6556: 6464: 6442: 6431: 6379: 6313: 6240: 6163: 6129: 5800:

Estonia started connecting all its schools to the Internet very early.

5499: 5487: 5468: 5426: 5393: 5366: 5218: 4801: 4705: 4301: 4172: 4142: 3902:

Beginning 1 January 2011, Estonia adopted the euro and became the 17th

3227: 3164: 2980: 2743: 2626: 2576: 2329: 2129: 2036: 1933: 1909: 1870: 1718: 1656: 1595: 1511: 1342: 1291: 1259: 1239: 1212: 1091:. Estonia has consistently ranked highly in international rankings for 858: 842: 339: 242: 18412: 17493:"BBC World Service – Witness History, Estonia's internet 'Tiger Leap'" 17321:"Information about the bilingual Estonian/Swedish parish of Noarootsi" 17187:"Statistical database: Population Census 2000 – Religious affiliation" 14436: 14279: 13170: 12291:"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm" 7424:"Rv0222U: Population by Sex, Ethnic Nationality and County, 1 January" 5471:

made up 6%, and those identifying otherwise as Christian made up 22%.

4733:

community in Estonia. Approximately 1,000-1,500 Roma live in Estonia.

3515:

Since the early 1990s, Estonia has been involved in active trilateral

2802: 2328:") began against the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941 in the form of the " 1778: 1689: 1045:" against Soviet rule, the nation's full independence was restored on 21901: 21592: 21313: 21132: 20988:

Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.

20809: 20581: 20079: 19770: 19648: 18848: 18398: 15849:"Nuclear Power Plant Project in Lithuania is Feasible. Press release" 15801: 15530:"Invest in Estonia: Overview of the Construction industry in Estonia" 13711:"Defense chiefs decide to move forward with Baltic battalion project" 12737: 12465: 12439: 12217: 11058:. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 78. 11024:. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 96. 8023: 6941: 6869: 6762: 6654: 6511:

started in 1908 with the production of a newsreel about Swedish King

6480: 6454: 6375: 6370: 6278: 6236: 6167: 5863: 5859: 5509:

Traditionally, the largest religious denomination in the country was

5460: 5401: 4631: 4623: 4615: 4583: 4428: 4346: 4290: 4282: 4278: 4246: 3988: 3948: 3917:

products from western Europe and Russia. Estonia imports 100% of its

3914: 3910: 3700: 3271: 3140: 3040: 3012: 2992: 2964: 2907: 2450: 2404: 2357: 2253: 2136: 1655:

and western Hanseatic cities, while Dorpat filled the same role with

1531: 1515: 1507: 1428: 1404: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1303: 1247: 1176: 968:

began to emerge in the mid-19th century. This culminated in the 1918

926: 369: 230: 21673: 16638:"RV068: POPULATION BY CITIZENSHIP AND PLACE OF RESIDENCE, 1 JANUARY" 16396:"Report: Estonia is most westernised of former Soviet Union members" 14483: 13798:"Czechs and Belgians take over in latest Baltic air police rotation" 13683:"Baltic volunteers guard against threat of Russian stealth invasion" 13117:. Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 10 July 2012. Archived from 12517: 11710:"Invitation to the birthday celebrations of the Republic of Estonia" 11546:"Estonia ferry disaster inquiry backs finding bow door was to blame" 7271: 7213:

After the decline of the Teutonic Order following its defeat in the

5425:

countries in the world, with 75.7% of the population claiming to be

3324:

who has a primarily representative and ceremonial role. There is no

2487: 1801:

during the Swedish rule, legal reforms strengthened both serfs' and

22027: 21976: 21971: 21951: 21816: 21632: 21627: 21617: 21515: 21353: 21348: 21338: 21243: 21001: 20951: 20921: 20842: 20837: 20727: 20661: 20656: 20631: 20491: 19990: 19277: 19088: 18934:. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University. 18792:

Valge raamat: eesti rahva kaotustest okupatsioonide läbi; 1940-1991

17591: 14437:

Half of the gross domestic product of Estonia is created in Tallinn

13394: 13118: 13092: 12535: 12492: 11713: 11220:

Lane, Thomas; Pabriks, Artis; Purs, Aldis; Smith, David J. (2013).

10589:

Lane, Thomas; Pabriks, Artis; Purs, Aldis; Smith, David J. (2013).

10309:

Lane, Thomas; Pabriks, Artis; Purs, Aldis; Smith, David J. (2013).

7574: 6700: 6393:(ca. 1 million speakers). The domination of Estonia after the 6275: 6179: 6151: 5778: 5675:

languages are spoken by 100,000 people and include the dialects of

5575: 5559: 5491: 5472: 5397: 5382: 5362: 5322: 5116: 5098: 4662: 4599: 4587: 4386: 4313: 4114: 3903: 3692:

with additional 11,000 volunteers in its affiliated organisations.

3501: 3028: 3000: 2953: 2691: 2341: 2340:), around 34,000 young Estonian men were forcibly drafted into the 2233: 2074: 1790: 1499: 1449: 1392: 1307: 1267: 1263: 882: 878: 813: 782: 710: 21098: 20896: 16263:"Estonia - World Directory of Minorities & Indigenous Peoples" 14833:"Welcome to E-stonia, the world's most digitally advanced society" 14334: 13980: 13659: 13089:"Estonian Chairmanship of the Baltic Council of Ministers in 2011" 11322:

Religion, Politics and Nation-Building in Post-Communist Countries

7032:(spoken in southeast Estonia) which encompasses the Tartu, Mulgi, 5234: 5064: 5048: 3109: 2510:

to Siberia. Collectivization was fully completed soon afterwards.

2012: 1208: 22001: 21956: 21916: 21876: 21871: 21861: 21846: 21836: 21821: 21806: 21796: 21786: 21781: 21622: 21572: 21562: 21552: 21542: 21520: 21510: 21505: 21447: 21343: 21293: 21283: 21273: 21263: 21248: 21238: 21233: 21110: 21093: 21083: 20946: 20686: 20636: 20596: 20551: 20546: 20536: 20521: 20511: 20496: 20481: 20476: 20466: 20461: 20456: 20451: 17774:"Estonia to give genetic testing and advice to 100,000 residents" 17642: 17264: 15647:"The EBRD invests in renewable energy developer Sunly in Estonia" 15556:"Energy emergency revives Estonia's polluting oil shale industry" 14859: 14735:"Asian countries dominate, science teaching criticised in survey" 14140: 12289:

Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; et al. (2017).

12188: 11544:

Henley, Jon; correspondent, Jon Henley Europe (23 January 2023).

11478:

Creating Capitalism: Transitions and Growth in Post-Soviet Europe

8229:

Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture

7185: 6962: 6929: 6925: 6624: 6405:

contains Estonian place names, words and sentence fragments. The

6192:

was the world's most performed living composer from 2010 to 2018.

6185: 5688: 5476: 5440: 5374: 5184: 4946: 4928: 4686: 4591: 4535: 4488: 4484: 4394: 4370: 4294: 4261: 4198:, which is 209.6 km (130.2 mi) long main connection to 3937: 3840: 3836: 3634: 3586:

delivered a speech entitled "Estonia as a Nordic Country" to the

3552: 3536: 3505: 3160: 3052: 2984: 2968: 2871: 2755: 2183: 1973: 1798: 1624: 1558: 1526:, but in 1217 the Estonians suffered a significant defeat in the 1519: 1491: 1388: 1351: 1334: 1323: 1283: 1220: 1156:

around 98 CE. Some modern historians believe he was referring to

1153: 1022: 894: 886: 854: 821: 303: 170: 20003: 18643:"A first timer's guide to wholesome and delicious Estonian Food" 18592: 17466:"Koolide, huvikoolide, koolieelsete lasteasutuste kontaktandmed" 17298: 16870: 15879:"Liive: Eesti Energia ditched nuclear plant plans for shale oil" 15222:. Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries. Paris: IEA. p. 20. 15128:"Port of Tallinn surges nearly 20% minutes after trading begins" 14929:"Economic Transition in Estonia: Background, Reform and results" 14532:"Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 – Transparency International" 7541:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Estonia)" 6281:

rose to worldwide prominence. In popular music, Estonian artist

4996: 4782:

under the migrant plan agreed upon by EU member states in 2015.

4051:

Real GDP per capita development of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania

3062:

Over 300 bird species have been found in Estonia, including the

2886:

classifies it as Eastern Europe. A recent version of the online

2605:") campaign became the first major protest movement against the 2571: 1400: 1262:

started around 1800 BCE, and saw the establishment of the first

22042: 22032: 22022: 21996: 21986: 21966: 21946: 21941: 21921: 21891: 21851: 21826: 21642: 21612: 21587: 21567: 21557: 21532: 21471: 21429: 21363: 21333: 21308: 21288: 21278: 21253: 21176: 21159: 21137: 21127: 20854: 20732: 20706: 20681: 20671: 20651: 20641: 20626: 20621: 20601: 20571: 20541: 20526: 20501: 20435: 20066: 19262: 19144: 18912:

The Shadow in the East: Vladimir Putin and the New Baltic Front

18893: 18828: 16445:[Unemployment rate] (in Estonian). Statistics Estonia. 15900: 15296:. Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries. Paris: IEA. p. 7. 13975:: Publications Office of the European Union. pp. 252–255. 13487:"Gallery: Estonia gains non-permanent UN Security Council seat" 13294:"World View: German paper outlines vision for EU defence union" 13169:. Nordic Council of Ministers' Office in Latvia. Archived from 9017:

Mol, Johannes A.; Militzer, Klaus; Nicholson, Helen J. (2006).

8434:

The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia

8284:"Could Kedipiv in East-Slavonic Chronicles be Keava hill fort?" 8260:

The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia

7941:

The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia

6865: 6209: 6159: 6155: 6101: 5704:

industrial immigrants from the former Soviet Union (mainly the

5563: 5150: 4141:

in November 1999. With assistance from the European Union, the

3696: 3540: 3391: 3176: 2960: 2785:

at the northern coast and largest islands. The total number of

2771: 2763: 2759: 2739: 2313: 2266: 2090: 2046:, and during the short interlude between Bolshevik retreat and 1660: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1384: 1372: 1165: 948:

in the 13th century. After centuries of successive rule by the

874: 866: 862: 143: 19103: 17914:(Reprint 2015 ed.). Berlin: DeGruyter Mouton. p. 9. 17840: 16601:. (2006, PDF in Estonian/English). Retrieved 23 December 2011. 16182:"Estonian Economy Overview | Ministry of Foreign Affairs" 16118: 14782:

Comparing Performance of Universal Health Care Countries, 2016

13915:"Eesti sõdurite 10 aastat Afganistanis: 9 surnut, 90 haavatut" 13569:"Updates: Russia's invasion of Ukraine – reactions in Estonia" 12685:"Reform Party takes landslide win in 2023 Riigikogu elections" 12659:"Estonia sets new e-voting record at Riigikogu 2023 elections" 5615:

language, and is conventionally classified as a member of the

3598:

Other Estonian international organisation memberships include

2637:

where 78.4% of voters supported full independence. During the

1937:

was published in 1862, and 1870 saw the first performances of

22178:

Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization

22037: 21981: 21911: 21886: 21637: 21602: 21582: 21358: 21323: 21303: 20956: 20666: 20591: 20561: 19093: 18068:"Estonian guitarist Laur Joamets is among the Grammy winners" 17969: 17566: 17443: 17407: 16780:

World and Its Peoples: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland

16776: 16749:"Is Estonia really the least religious country in the world?" 16148:(in Estonian). Archived from the original on 14 November 2010 14760: 14680:"Estonian Economic Miracle: A Model For Developing Countries" 13969:

Public administration characteristics and performance in EU28

9410:"The Baltic States from 1914 to 1923 By LtCol Andrew Parrott" 8862:(in Swedish). Stockholm: VÄLIS-EESTI & EMP. p. 319. 6880: 6171: 6008: 5696: 5529: 5444: 5378: 5132: 5030: 5014: 4980: 4938: 4611: 4472: 4456: 4309: 4237:

in Tallinn is the largest airport in Estonia and serves as a

3713: 3560: 3556: 3427: 3418: 3172: 3152: 3148: 3095: 3091: 2996: 2793:, the largest being Lake Peipus at the border of Russia, and 2526: 2110: 1620: 1610: 1543: 1412: 1355:), which consisted of multiple parishes. A parish was led by 1338: 1299: 1157: 1144: 937: 902: 890: 816:

independence in 1991. Throughout the 1940–1941 and 1944–1991

706: 18855:. Translated by Tiina Ets. Washington, D.C.: Compass Press. 18853:

War in the Woods: Estonia's Struggle for Survival, 1944–1956

18719:"A wild sport invented in Estonia - kiiking | Visit Estonia" 15595:"Environment – current issues in Estonia. CIA Factbook" 14250:"DISCOVER BUSINESS AND INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN ESTONIA!" 13640:(in Estonian). Estonian Ministry of Defence. 3 December 2019 12901:"Study: Estonian judicial system among most efficient in EU" 11373:

Dissolution: Sovereignty and the Breakup of the Soviet Union

11194: 10286:

The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Navy in the Baltic 1921–1941

8018:

Tamm, Marek; Kaljundi, Linda; Jensen, Carsten Selch (2016).

5683:. The languages are spoken in South-Eastern Estonia and are 2936: 2077:

came within 30 km of Tallinn, but in January 1919, the

1565:, while the rest was divided between the Sword Brothers and 20847: 19194: 19139: 18384: 18305:"Press Freedom Index 2011–2012 – Reporters Without Borders" 17299:"Names of populated places changed with the reform of 1997" 17162:"Some Estonians return to pre-Christian animist traditions" 14461: 14308: 14212: 14161: 13465: 13440: 13193:"NordicBaltic mobility programme for public administration" 12600: 11755: 11753: 11583:Ó Beacháin, Donnacha; Sheridan, Vera; Stan, Sabina (2012). 11247:

Legal Reform in Post-Communist Europe: The View from Within

10413:(in Estonian). Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. p. 309. 9770:(in Estonian). Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. p. 292. 9720:(in Estonian). Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. p. 291. 9593:(in Estonian). Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. p. 287. 9512:(in Estonian). Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. p. 286. 9288:(in Estonian). Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. p. 283. 8737:(in Estonian). Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. p. 279. 8687:(in Estonian). Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. p. 278. 8552:(in Estonian). Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. p. 227. 7751:"Resolution on the situation in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania" 7656:"Estonia - EU Vocabularies - Publications Office of the EU" 7193: 7087: 7084: 7078: 7066: 7028:

Including both the official standard Estonian language and

6611:

under the terms of the Estonian National Broadcasting Act.

6106:

Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

5166: 4453:

began offering those services to non-residents in Estonia.

3865: 3747:

since 2014. In the European Union, Estonia participates in

3720: 3603: 3599: 3489: 3168: 3087: 2875: 2834: 2830: 2695: 2687: 2683: 2353: 1969: 1530:, where Lembitu was killed. In 1219, Valdemar II landed at 1432:

as the superior deity of the then inhabitants of Saaremaa (

1088: 702: 17324: 15168:"Nordica lennukipark täieneb ajutiselt ühe LOTi lennukiga" 14052:"Pisa rankings: Why Estonian pupils shine in global tests" 12952:"Estonian government approves draft same-sex marriage act" 7810:"Pisa rankings: Why Estonian pupils shine in global tests" 6892:

food for winter is still very popular in the countryside.

4812:

report called "extremely credible" the description of the

4552:

Between 2007 and 2013, Estonia received 53.3 billion

4304:

oxides are found in tailings accumulated from 50 years of

2403:. Thousands of Estonians who did not want to fight in the 19206: 19127: 19098: 19052:

Williams, Nicola; Herrmann, Debra; Kemp, Cathryn (2003).

16533:"Refugees frustrated and trapped in chilly Baltic states" 16296:"Soviet repression and deportations in the Baltic states" 15141:"Latvian airBaltic becomes number one airline in Estonia" 14860:"What is e-Residency | How to Start an EU Company Online" 14236: 13543:"Estonia's Prime Minister: 'We Need to Help Ukraine Win'" 12731: 12288: 11946:"Ülemõõtmine: Soome on veidi pisem, Eesti ikka sama suur" 11924:(in Estonian). Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. p. 9. 11585:

Life in Post-Communist Eastern Europe after EU Membership

10845:

Kangilaski, Jaan; et al. (2005). Salo, Vello (ed.).

10820:

Kangilaski, Jaan; et al. (2005). Salo, Vello (ed.).

10770:

Kangilaski, Jaan; et al. (2005). Salo, Vello (ed.).

9234:

Williams, Nicola; Herrmann, Debra; Kemp, Cathryn (2003).

4527: 4273:

and accounted for 4% of Estonia's gross domestic product.

3958:

average, exceeding the average levels of other counties.

3611: 3607: 3362:, six parties gained seats at Riigikogu. The head of the 2698:, the single currency of EU. Estonia was a member of the 2609:. In 1988, new political movements appeared, such as the 1445: 799: 20430: 16718:

Ivković, Sanja Kutnjak; Haberfeld, M.R. (10 June 2015).

14070:"Estonia among top 3 in the UN e-Government Survey 2020" 11750: 10972: 10922:

Baltic Facades: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania since 1945

7828:"Estonia among top 3 in the UN e-Government Survey 2020" 6150:

Traditional wind instruments derived from those used by

4297:

that currently are not mined, or not mined extensively.

2124:

was elected. The Constituent Assembly passed a sweeping

1900:, and began popularising the denomination of oneself as 1724:

During the 16th century, the expansionist monarchies of

1651:(Viljandi). Reval acted as a trade intermediary between 1298:

defeated Estonians and established a fort in modern-day

21217: 17301:. Institute of the Estonian Language. 29 September 1998 14650: 10336:

Engaged Neutrality: An Evolved Approach to the Cold War

7284: 6917:

Estonia first competed as an independent nation at the

6112:

The earliest mention of Estonian singing dates back to

5479:

15%, and an additional 15% did not declare a response.

4113:, Estonia became one of the first countries to adopt a 3932: 2545:

the annexation of Estonia by the Soviet Union illegal.

2438:

and other Estonian towns. In July, the Soviets started

1020:). Throughout the 1944–91 Soviet occupation, Estonia's 21070: 17214:(1 ed.). Bristol; Buffalo: Multilingual Matters. 16770: 16323:

The Baltic States and Their Region: New Europe Or Old?

14560:. Taxfoundation.org. 28 September 2015. Archived from 14392: 13091:. Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from 12927:"Same-sex marriage is now officially legal in Estonia" 11582: 10445:. American Foreign Service Association. Archived from 7225:

was established by a treaty signed on 4 December 1435.

6518:

The most internationally known Estonian films include

6324:

gained recognition in Europe performing with her band

6223:

Professional Estonian musicians and composers such as

5494:, agnostics and those who describe their religion as " 3974:, ranking 6th globally and 2nd in Europe. The rule of 2194:

of 1934. In the 1930s, Estonia also engaged in secret

2128:

expropriating large estates, and adopted a new highly

1797:

While large parts of the rural population remained in

1494:". Fighting reached Estonia in 1206, when Danish King 1223:

melted. The oldest known settlement in Estonia is the

18189:

Seeking the contours of a 'truly' Estonian literature

17880: 17865:

Eesti 245 muuseumis säilitatakse 10 miljonit museaali

16711: 15412:"Forest resources based on national forest inventory" 14416:"bbn.ee – Half of Estonian GDP is created in Tallinn" 14386: 14384: 13263:"Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 10-year owners at NIB" 12625:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 7161. 11244: 11115:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 14. 7217:

in 1410, and the defeat of the Livonian Order in the

7096: 7081: 7069: 6566:. Internationally known Estonian film actors include 5880:

National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics

4434:

The Estonian electricity network forms a part of the

3876:

of the country was $ 46,385 in 2023 according to the

3868:, Estonia is considered a high-income economy by the 3846:

Separately from administrative units, there are also

2457:, fled westwards to avoid the new Soviet occupation. 1995:

History of Estonia § Interwar period (1920–1939)

19051: 18819: 17349:. Ministry of Education and Research. Archived from 17071:

ERR, ERR, Indrek Kiisler, ERR News | (27 May 2023).

13776:"Nato sends 'alive and strong' message from Estonia" 12282: 11245:

Frankowski, Stanisław; Stephan III, Paul B. (1995).

11219: 10588: 10308: 10238:. University of California Press. pp. 108–111. 9233: 9016: 7342:"The reforming of the Southern Finnic language area" 7075: 6972: 1337:, while inland south Estonia had more contacts with 17669: 15673:"Baltic states ramp up investment in energy sector" 15089:"Estonia and the European Debt and Economic Crisis" 15020: 15018: 15016: 14807:"Which countries are most generous to new parents?" 14534:. Transparency.org. 25 January 2017. Archived from 14484:"Estonia Uses the Euro, and the Economy is Booming" 14446: 13942:"Välisoperatsioonidel on hukkunud 11 Eesti sõdurit" 13037:. European Commission. 20 July 2012. Archived from 12162:"How much has the mammal fauna in Estonia changed?" 11543: 10261:

The Baltic and the Outbreak of the Second World War

8463:

Maritime Societies of the Viking and Medieval World

7748: 7567:"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income" 7072: 5809:

Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)

3883:Estonia ranks highly in international rankings for 3727:was established in Tallinn in 2008. In response to 3480:from 22 September 1921, and became a member of the 18363:. LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster. p. 398. 17970:The 12th Estonian youth song and dance celebration 17672:Technology Management: Strategies and Applications 17618:"Implementation of Bologna Declaration in Estonia" 15922:Hackers Take Down the Most Wired Country in Europe 14381: 12978: 10897:Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated 10747:Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated 10008:Estonia and the Estonians: Second edition, updated 9563:Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated 9485:Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated 9460:Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated 9435:Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated 9386:Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated 9361:Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated 9336:Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated 9311:Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated 9211:Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated 9186:Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated 9133:Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated 9105:Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated 8810:Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated 8522:Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated 8358:Estonia and the Estonians: Second Edition, Updated 8017: 7504: 7502: 4499:, equalling nearly 1 startup per 1,000 Estonians. 2557:which Western governments continued to recognise. 2344:, fewer than 30% of whom survived the war. Soviet 17690:"Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)" 17511:"PISA 2018: Estonian students rank 1st in Europe" 17410:(in Estonian). University of Tartu. 24 March 2010 17347:"Estonian Foreign Languages Strategy 2009 – 2015" 16901: 16899: 16897: 16613:"Estonia Passes Law Recognizing Gay Partnerships" 16039:"GNI per capita in PPP dollars for Baltic states" 13753:"Nine more nations join NATO cyberdefense center" 11055:The Baltic States, Years of Dependence: 1940-1990 11021:The Baltic States, Years of Dependence: 1940-1990 10872:The Baltic States, Years of Dependence, 1940–1980 10869: 10849:. Estonian Encyclopaedia Publishers. p. 37. 10824:. Estonian Encyclopaedia Publishers. p. 30. 10774:. Estonian Encyclopaedia Publishers. p. 18. 10663: 10108:The Baltic States, Years of Dependence, 1940–1980 10105: 7324:The Circum-Baltic Languages: Typology and Contact 6351:in 2017 for the Best Country Record of the year, 6320:partly owe their popularity to the song contest. 6208:in 1869. Today, it is one of the largest amateur 3458:gained the right to marriage in Estonia in 2024. 2874:classify Estonia as part of Northern Europe, the 2686:. On 9 December 2010, Estonia became a member of 2007:on display during the public announcement of the 1083:. It is one of the least populous members of the 22163:Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean 22134: 17979:. Estonian Song and Dance Celebration Foundation 17580: 16879:"Religiosity Highest in World's Poorest Nations" 16717: 16585: 16237:"Ethnic minorities in Estonia: past and present" 16231: 16229: 16166:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 15452:"Kas metsanduse arengukava kaitseb Eesti metsi?" 15386:"Estonia's rare earth break China's market grip" 15013: 14979:, Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Estonia 14443:. 29 September 2008. Retrieved 23 December 2011. 13967:. In Thijs, Nick; Hammerschmid, Gerhard (eds.). 13963:Pesti, Cerlin; Randma-Liiv, Tiina (April 2018). 13962: 13850:"Estonia joins European Intervention Initiative" 13243:. Nordic Council of Ministers' Office in Estonia 13195:. Nordic Council of Ministers' Office in Estonia 13061:"Estonian presidency leaves 'more confident' EU" 12976: 12869: 11319: 11222:The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 10591:The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 10540: 10311:The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 5631:, and Russian, are all Indo-European languages. 5521:, the Lutheran church had historically been the 4538:policies, resulting in balanced budgets and low 3659:Estonian soldiers during a NATO exercise in 2015 3523:. Estonia is a member of the interparliamentary 3506:European Union Agency for large-scale IT systems 2549:of the Estonian state was preserved through the 1813:in Reval and Dorpat; the latter was upgraded to 1455: 1326:, which was a major city of Sweden at the time. 105:(English: "My Fatherland, My Happiness and Joy") 18020:"2014 Classical music statistics: Lis(z)tmania" 17884:The New Grove dictionary of music and musicians 17809: 16269: 14550: 14508:. Heritage.org. 13 January 2017. Archived from 14187:. Valitsus.ee. 6 September 2012. Archived from 14129: 14127: 14002: 14000: 12981:The law of nations: cases, documents, and notes 12820:"Courts of first instance and courts of appeal" 11790: 11788: 11786: 11784: 11782: 11780: 11778: 10950:The Finno-Ugric Republics and the Russian State 10943: 10941: 9126: 9124: 8600:"Arheoloogid lammutavad ajalooõpikute arusaamu" 8052:"Arheoloogid lammutavad ajalooõpikute arusaamu" 7650: 7648: 7499: 7293: 7287:Itämerensuomalaiset kielet ja niiden päämurteet 6888:, especially popular from Christmas to Easter. 6878:A cardamom-spiced bread roll with almond paste 3708:, and a joint military educational institution 3510:Presidency of the Council of the European Union 2971:. Large mammals present in Estonia include the 18951:Estonia: Independence and European Integration 17911:The Temporal Structure of Estonian Runic Songs 17881:Sir George Grove; Sadie, Stanley (June 1980). 17482:. Estonian Education Infosystem, (in Estonian) 16894: 16374:"Estonia - Promoting Social Inclusion of Roma" 15743:Tuule püüdmine on saanud Eesti kullapalavikuks 15622:"Estonia to use 100% renewable energy by 2030" 14558:"2015 International Tax Competitiveness Index" 13418: 11674:"Estonia becomes 17th member of the euro zone" 11428:Estonia: Independence and European Integration 11403:Estonia: Independence and European Integration 11347:Estonia: Independence and European Integration 11299:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 20–22. 10874:. University of California Press. p. 71. 10870:Misiunas, Romuald J.; Taagepera, Rein (1983). 10694:Estonia: Independence and European Integration 10433: 10211:Historical Dictionary of the League of Nations 10183:Estonia: Independence and European Integration 10158:Estonia: Independence and European Integration 10133:Estonia: Independence and European Integration 10110:. University of California Press. p. 11. 10106:Misiunas, Romuald J.; Taagepera, Rein (1983). 10083:Estonia: Independence and European Integration 10035:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 34–36. 9743:Estonia: Independence and European Integration 9163:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 14–18. 7938:Tvauri, Andres (2012). Laneman, Margot (ed.). 7678: 7676: 5345:and other Neo-Protestant denominations (0.93%) 3725:Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence 3571:, and in 2011 were invited to co-operate with 2809:—144 kilometres (89 mi), followed by the 1760:, and Saaremaa remained under Danish control. 1631:founded on the site of Lindanise, adopted the 1478:Medieval Estonia and Livonia after the crusade 42: 26:"Eesti" redirects here. For the language, see 21689: 21415: 21203: 21056: 20416: 20019: 19293: 17048:. oikoumene.org. January 1948. Archived from 16516:Eesti andis mullu kodakondsuse 2124 inimesele 16226: 15827:"Visaginas recognised with nuclear site name" 15504:"What Are The Biggest Industries In Estonia?" 14584:"Rankings & Ease of Doing Business Score" 14454:"Real GDP per capita, growth rate and totals" 13829:European Union Institute for Security Studies 13825:"If not now, when? The Nordic EU Battlegroup" 13479: 13414: 13412: 13319: 13217:. Nordic Council of Ministers. Archived from 13143:. Nordic Council of Ministers. Archived from 12213:"Šaakalite jahihooaeg pikenes kahe kuu võrra" 10486: 10484: 8883:Jokipii, Mauno (1992). Jokipii, Mauno (ed.). 8787:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 9–10. 7743:See, for instance, the position expressed by 6308:competed for Estonia in 1996 and 1997, while 6040:), and the ideals of closeness to nature and 2383:who had not managed to leave were almost all 471:45,227 km (17,462 sq mi) ( 20782:autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark 17717:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 17179: 17096:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 16239:. Einst.ee. 26 December 1998. Archived from 16119:"European Union Structural Funds in Estonia" 16091: 16089: 16087: 16085: 14715:. United Nations Development Programme. 2019 14124: 13997: 13422:The Geopolitics of Euro-Atlantic Integration 12130: 12128: 11775: 11634:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 18–19. 11475: 11269: 11110: 10938: 10515: 10434:Johnson, Eric A.; Hermann, Anna (May 2007). 10208: 10204: 10202: 9985:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 80–81. 9895: 9893: 9121: 9077: 9042: 9040: 9038: 8832: 8782: 8045: 8043: 7755:Official Journal of the European Communities 7645: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7529: 7527: 7247:"National anthem of the Republic of Estonia" 6061:University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy 5540:, is the primary Orthodox denomination. The 4441:Estonia has a strong information technology 3945:global economic recession that began in 2007 3899:and the prevalence of technology companies. 2426:fleeing west from the Soviet invasion (1944) 2058:on 24 February 1918 in the capital Tallinn. 1193: 1041:. Following the 1988–90 bloodless Estonian " 19037:(4th ed.). Chalfont St. Peter: Bradt. 18769: 18591:. Estonian Foreign Ministry. Archived from 17907: 16348:"National Minorities Cultural Autonomy Act" 15358: 14911:"Estonian way to a liberal economic system" 14634:. Treasury Today. June 2015. Archived from 14430: 14331:"Eesti Statistika – Enim nõutud statistika" 14114:"Number of start-ups per capita by country" 13393:. Estonian Foreign Ministry. Archived from 12870:Heydemann, Günther; Vodička, Karel (2017). 11476:Dillon, Patricia; Wykoff, Frank C. (2002). 11249:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 73. 10740: 10738: 10383: 8456: 8454: 8452: 7872:"Number of start-ups per capita by country" 7673: 7465: 7463: 7299: 7164: 7162: 7141: 6116: 4534:. The current government has pursued tight 4327: 4082:, "crown") is related to that of the other 3785: 3588:Swedish Institute for International Affairs 3343:Estonia has pursued the development of the 3187:) has been the national flower of Estonia. 2483:Baltic states under Soviet rule (1944–1991) 2468: 1635:and received full town rights in 1248. The 994:repeatedly contested, invaded, and occupied 980:empires. Democratic throughout most of the 877:. The territory of Estonia consists of the 22188:States and territories established in 1918 22173:Member states of the Three Seas Initiative 21696: 21682: 21422: 21408: 21210: 21196: 21063: 21049: 20423: 20409: 20026: 20012: 19300: 19286: 18892:Meyendorff, Alexander Feliksovich (1922). 18891: 18788: 17714:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 16493:. Estonia.eu. 13 July 2010. Archived from 16204: 15424: 14763:. Reports Without Borders. 30 January 2013 13680: 13409: 13320:Dahl, Ann Sofie; Järvenpää, Pauli (2014). 11469: 11160: 11111:Spyra, Wolfgang; Katzsch, Michael (2007). 10844: 10819: 10769: 10558:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 10481: 9082:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 25. 8837:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 10. 8762:. Cambridge University Press. p. 54. 4614:. Other smaller minorities in Estonia are 4035:, and in 2014, the first state to provide 3139:, the territory of Estonia belongs to the 2707:100th Anniversary of the Estonian Republic 1235:, it was settled around 11,000 years ago. 936:population of Estonia was one of the last 140:Location of Estonia (dark green) 133: 21754:Commission against Racism and Intolerance 19010: 18329: 17663: 17529:"PISA 2018: Insights and Interpretations" 16655: 16293: 16142:"Europostitus on jõudnud 350 000 kodusse" 16082: 15196:(in Estonian). delfi.ee. 16 November 2012 15086: 14982: 13822: 12563:"Referendum in the Estonian Constitution" 12532:"Duties of the President of the Republic" 12407:"2019 Parliamentary elections in Estonia" 12400: 12398: 12396: 12324: 12306: 12232: 12159: 12125: 11815: 11274:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 9. 11090:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 227. 10995: 10947: 10649:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 209. 10607: 10495:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 110. 10363:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 335. 10263:. Cambridge University Press. p. 7. 10258: 10233: 10199: 9890: 9556: 9554: 9035: 8912:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 441. 8597: 8049: 8040: 7524: 6453:'s social epic and psychological realist 4693:(including the capital city Tallinn) and 4431:production, seen as far more profitable. 3735:battalion battle group has been based in 3313:The seat of the Parliament of Estonia in 1391:; and six minor, single-parish counties: 1238:The earliest human habitation during the 1231:river in southwest Estonia. According to 654: 21749:Commission for the Efficiency of Justice 21004:which has sovereignty over Vatican City. 19252:) is being considered for deletion. See 18988: 17960:. Postimees. 27 March 2008 (in Estonian) 16876: 16610: 15359:Rofer, Cheryl K.; Kaasik, Tõnis (2000). 14333:. Stat.ee. 23 March 2010. Archived from 14133: 13823:Andresson, Jan Joel (17 February 2015). 13596:. Estonian Defence Forces. 11 March 2014 13004: 13002: 13000: 12998: 12996: 12263: 12139:. Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 4, 6–7. 11505:. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 188. 11500: 11480:. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 164. 11320:Simons, Greg; Westerlund, David (2015). 11051: 11017: 10794: 10735: 10456: 9955: 9930: 9840: 9663: 9638: 9613: 9584: 9582: 9532: 8988: 8887:(in Swedish). Bonniers. pp. 22–23. 8835:Culture and Customs of the Baltic States 8785:Culture and Customs of the Baltic States 8707: 8657: 8630:God's War: A New History of the Crusades 8572: 8495:Journal of Nordic Archaeological Science 8449: 8380: 8330: 8200: 8175: 8150: 8125: 8100: 8075: 7769:"Human Development Report 2020: Estonia" 7559: 7460: 7380: 7339: 7285:Grünthal, Riho; Anneli Sarhimaa (2004). 7159: 6905: 6640: 6374: 6184: 6091: 5990: 5858: 5814: 5744: 5740: 5591: 5439: 4788: 4573: 4459:was written by Estonia-based developers 4345: 4260: 4175:. In 2018, the enterprise was listed in 4046: 3931: 3811: 3654: 3496:since 2004. In 2007, Estonia joined the 3417: 3308: 3108: 2935: 2729: 2690:. On 1 January 2011, Estonia joined the 2570: 2560: 2486: 2417: 2290: 2227: 1998: 1869: 1777: 1688: 1600: 1473: 1207: 503: 19056:(3rd ed.). London: Lonely Planet. 18413:"Historic Centre (Old Town) of Tallinn" 17620:. Bologna-berlin2003.de. Archived from 16746: 15933: 15819: 15719:Peipsile võib kerkida mitusada tuulikut 15266:. 19 November 2014. pp. 7–14, 29. 14988: 13939: 13419:Mouritzen, Hans; Wivel, Anders (2005). 13014:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 12594: 12210: 11860: 11858: 11856: 11854: 11852: 11850: 11135: 10462: 10333: 10283: 10030: 9815: 9790: 9695:. Council of Europe. 1997. p. 23. 9687: 9685: 9238:. University of Michigan. p. 190. 8996:(in Estonian). Argo. pp. 118–119. 8882: 8857: 8757: 8623: 8485: 8281: 7749:European Parliament (13 January 1983). 7682: 7022: 6680:celebrated on 24 February, the day the 6382:is the most translated Estonian writer. 5365:of the population declaring themselves 4061:, was established. It is issued by the 4042: 3338:referendum on European Union membership 2517:, with hundreds of thousands of ethnic 1670: 809: 22198:Member states of the Council of Europe 22135: 19188: 19032: 18908: 18869: 18789:Kangilaski, Jaak; et al. (2005). 18666: 18259:Andrus Kivirähk. The Old Barny (novel) 18201:Literature and an independent Estonia 18105: 17636: 17046:"Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church" 16549: 16449:from the original on 16 September 2020 16384:from the original on 16 December 2023. 16139: 15477:ERR, Marko Tooming | (20 March 2023). 15388:. Agence France-Presse. Archived from 15383: 15252: 14413: 14086: 13944:(in Estonian). Eesti Rahvusringhääling 13895:(in Estonian). Estonian Defence Forces 13773: 13708: 13035:"EU Agency for large-scale IT systems" 12898: 12814: 12620: 12595:Schulze, Elizabeth (8 February 2019). 12560: 12393: 12238: 12160:Timm, Uudo; Maran, Tiit (March 2020). 12134: 11794: 11629: 11369: 11085: 10716: 10644: 10613: 10490: 10408: 10358: 9980: 9899: 9865: 9765: 9759: 9715: 9709: 9588: 9551: 9507: 9283: 9046: 8932: 8907: 8760:A Concise History of the Baltic States 8732: 8682: 8544: 8430: 8399: 8256: 8225: 7983: 7937: 7844: 7700: 7698: 7404:registered a place of residence there. 7349:Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 7321: 7302:"Suomalaisten esihistorian kysymyksiä" 7172:, Estonia has also been classified as 6578:, who also known as a film director. 6088:Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 3965: 3864:As a member of the European Union and 2858:, Estonia has also been classified as 2678:, and in 2004 Estonia joined both the 2009:Declaration of Independence of Estonia 1076:, administratively subdivided into 15 21703: 21677: 21403: 21191: 21044: 20404: 20007: 19994: 19281: 18967: 18948: 18798:(in Estonian). Justiitsministeerium. 18770:Hiden, John; Salmon, Patrick (1991). 18356: 18219: 18161:Estonian Children's Literature Centre 17990:"Popular awareness in Estonian music" 17887:. Macmillan Publishers. p. 358. 17189:. Statistics Estonia. 22 October 2002 17159: 16371: 16319: 15936:"Skype – A Baltic Success Story" 15934:Thomann, Andreas (6 September 2006). 15670: 15584:Rowman & Littlefield. pp 117–144. 15574: 15270:from the original on 13 December 2018 15165: 14390: 14323: 14307:. fin.ee. 15 May 2008. Archived from 13750: 13425:(1 ed.). Routledge. p. 143. 13385: 13291: 12993: 12924: 12780: 12529: 12486: 12404: 12243:. Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 7–8. 11976:Estonian Information System Authority 11425: 11400: 11344: 11270:Backes, Uwe; Moreau, Patrick (2008). 10691: 10384:Hiden, John; Salmon, Patrick (2014). 10236:Die Geschichte der baltischen Staaten 10180: 10155: 10130: 10080: 10058:Central and South-Eastern Europe 2003 9958:The Radical Right in Interwar Estonia 9933:The Radical Right in Interwar Estonia 9843:The Radical Right in Interwar Estonia 9740: 9579: 9501: 9258: 9155: 9021:. Uitgeverij Verloren. pp. 5–6. 8963: 8385:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 9–11. 7629: 7627: 7112: 6645:A traditional farmhouse built in the 6304:. In 2002, Estonia hosted the event. 4493:Wise (formerly known as TransferWise) 4479:that originated from Estonia include 4358:industry, which is mainly located in 4077: 2910:, and in the transition zone between 2892:locates it in "northeastern Europe". 2849: 2758:, to the west by the sea across from 1859: 1581:, the Sword Brothers merged into the 1561:. Northern Estonia became the Danish 1557:; later on it became known simply as 1129: 1012:by, and annexed into, the USSR as an 849:. It is bordered to the north by the 20385: 19995: 19307: 19099:Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs 18996:. Amsterdam & New York: Rodopi. 18929: 18877:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 18847: 18640: 18099: 17710: 17503: 16891:(in which numbers have been rounded) 16747:Ringvee, Ringo (16 September 2011). 16279:. Estonian Institute. Archived from 15619: 14908: 14702: 14460:. Statistics Estonia. Archived from 14407: 14136:"Estonia joins crisis-hit euro club" 13940:Rohemäe, Maria-Ann (27 April 2014). 13731: 13107: 12211:Einmann, Andres (1 September 2017). 11915: 11847: 11503:The Baltic States After Independence 11450: 11376:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 11294: 11161:Lepp, Annika; Pantti, Mervi (2013). 10919: 10894: 10744: 10617:Western Europe: Challenge and Change 10516:Gatrell, Peter; Baron, Nick (2009). 10055: 10005: 9903:Western Europe: Challenge and Change 9869:Western Europe: Challenge and Change 9682: 9560: 9482: 9457: 9432: 9383: 9358: 9333: 9308: 9208: 9183: 9130: 9102: 8807: 8633:. Harvard University Press. p. 8519: 8465:. Maney Publishing. pp. 45–46. 8460: 8355: 7986:"Kui kaua me oleme olnud eestlased?" 7888: 7777:United Nations Development Programme 7603:United Nations Development Programme 7596:"Human Development Report 2023/2024" 7046: 6682:Estonian Declaration of Independence 6614: 6389:refers to literature written in the 5852:; the largest private university is 5846:Estonian University of Life Sciences 4471:, who had also originally developed 3461: 3208:List of political parties in Estonia 2709:was celebrated on 24 February 2018. 2643:declared restoration of independence 2615:Estonian National Independence Party 1987:Estonian Declaration of Independence 1747:. The Livonian Order was decisively 1306:and by Estonians from the island of 970:Estonian Declaration of Independence 22168:Member states of the United Nations 22158:Member states of the European Union 18226:Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi) 18109:The development of written Estonian 17799:"Estonia becomes 24th Member State" 17649:. North-Holland. pp. 125–134. 17070: 17022:. lutheranworld.org. Archived from 16922:, p. 233, 2012, archived from 16550:Tambur, Silver (29 December 2022). 15938:. credit-suisse.com. Archived from 15841: 15476: 15425:Millington, David (11 April 2022). 15418: 15288: 15214: 15066:Housing Vacancies and Homeownership 14989:Angioni, Giovanni (31 March 2009). 14612:. New European Economy. 23 May 2016 14087:Harold, Theresa (30 October 2017). 12985:. Appleton-Century-Crofts. p. 11916:Saar, Asmu (2002). "Üldandmed". In 11324:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 151. 10799:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 138. 10209:van Ginneken, Anique H. M. (2006). 9818:The Process of Political Succession 9793:The Process of Political Succession 8982: 7845:Harold, Theresa (30 October 2017). 7695: 7493:"Estonia's population grew in 2023" 6593:Estonia has two news agencies. The 5553:Apostolic Administration of Estonia 4835:List of cities and towns in Estonia 4833:For a more comprehensive list, see 4810:United Nations Human Rights Council 4245:, as well as the secondary hub for 4007:, and compares well in measures of 3816:Administrative divisions of Estonia 3792:Administrative divisions of Estonia 3563:. The Baltic states are members of 2805:— 162 kilometres (101 mi) and 2407:secretly escaped to Finland, where 2198:. Non-aggression pacts were signed 1448:trees, having served as places of " 1254:. Starting from around 3200 BC the 889:, and over 2,300 other islands and 13: 19228:BBC News – Estonia country profile 19109:Chief of State and Cabinet Members 19018:. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press. 18994:Estonia, identity and independence 18740: 18641:Rosa, Natalia (27 February 2020). 18136:. Basel: Collegium Basilea. 2014. 17408:"Ajaloost: Koolihariduse algusest" 17132: 16907:"Discrimination in the EU in 2012" 16877:Crabtree, Steve (31 August 2010). 16140:Vosman, Livia (13 November 2010). 15829:. World Nuclear News. 30 July 2008 15384:Reigas, Anneli (1 December 2010). 14926: 14134:Mardiste, David (1 January 2011). 13681:McLaughlin, Daniel (8 July 2016). 12977:Whittaker Briggs, Herbert (1952). 12530:Annus, Taavi (27 September 2012). 12487:Annus, Taavi (27 September 2012). 12268:. Marshall Cavendish. p. 11. 11922:Eesti entsüklopeedia 11: Eesti üld 11896:United Nations Statistics Division 10543:Estonia 1940–1945: Reports of the 10411:Eesti entsüklopeedia 11: Eesti üld 10259:Hiden, John; Lane, Thomas (2003). 9768:Eesti entsüklopeedia 11: Eesti üld 9718:Eesti entsüklopeedia 11: Eesti üld 9666:Estonia: Identity and Independence 9641:Estonia: Identity and Independence 9616:Estonia: Identity and Independence 9591:Eesti entsüklopeedia 11: Eesti üld 9535:Estonia: Identity and Independence 9510:Eesti entsüklopeedia 11: Eesti üld 9286:Eesti entsüklopeedia 11: Eesti üld 8735:Eesti entsüklopeedia 11: Eesti üld 8712:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 15. 8685:Eesti entsüklopeedia 11: Eesti üld 8662:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 14. 8550:Eesti entsüklopeedia 11: Eesti üld 8203:Estonia: Identity and Independence 8128:Estonia: Identity and Independence 8103:Estonia: Identity and Independence 8078:Estonia: Identity and Independence 7624: 7612:from the original on 13 March 2024 6798:Day of Restoration of Independence 6016:this reason it aspires more to be 5895:Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve 5542:Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church 2948:) is the national bird of Estonia. 2541:The majority of Western countries 2475:Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic 2196:military co-operation with Finland 1215:stone-cist graves in north Estonia 929:of the population of 1.4 million. 146: (green & dark grey) 14: 22214: 22084:Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006) 20033: 19256:to help reach a consensus. › 19072: 17908:Ross, Jan; Lehiste, Ilse (2002). 16611:Kangsepp, Liis (9 October 2014). 15855:. 25 October 2006. Archived from 15698:"Estonian Wind Power Association" 15166:Liiva, Siiri (18 November 2016). 15103:"Estonia's accession to the OECD" 15026:"Land Taxation Reform in Estonia" 14991:"Estonia Gets Closer to the Euro" 14239:. Source: Eurostat, Eurogas, E3G. 13774:Marcus, Jonathan (10 July 2017). 12089:"Weather records - Precipitation" 12067:"Climate normals - Precipitation" 10060:. Psychology Press. p. 244. 8598:Laurisaar, Riho (29 April 2006). 8577:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 7. 8335:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 9. 8180:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 5. 8155:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 4. 7512:. Statistics Estonia. 1 June 2022 7328:John Benjamins Publishing Company 7289:. Helsinki: Finno-Ugrian Society. 7010:Index of Estonia-related articles 6214:the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds 5733:Lotfitka Romani is spoken by the 5555:and two Greek Catholic parishes. 5548:, claims another 28,000 members. 4778:exams. Estonia has also accepted 3936:The central business district of 3897:digitalisation of public services 2846:, at 318 metres (1,043 ft). 2178:in 1921. Attempts to establish a 2089:forces, advanced into Russia and 1756:, southern Estonia became Polish 1314:. In 1187 Estonians (Oeselians), 940:civilisations in Europe to adopt 152: (green) – [ 21487: 21372: 21022: 21011: 21010: 20705: 20384: 20375: 20374: 20200: 20072: 20059: 20046: 19267: 19172: 19149: 18974:. New York: St. Martin's Press. 18711: 18686: 18660: 18634: 18607: 18581: 18576:In effect since 26 February 2010 18556: 18531: 18506: 18480: 18455: 18430: 18405: 18391: 18377: 18350: 18323: 18297: 18271: 18252: 18240: 18213: 18194: 18182: 18165: 18150: 18126: 18074: 18060: 18034: 18012: 17982: 17963: 17943: 17901: 17874: 17871:, 30 October 2011. (in Estonian) 17858: 17846: 17834: 17791: 17766: 17704: 17682: 17610: 17559: 17538: 17521: 17485: 17458: 17444:"Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium" 17436: 17422: 17400: 17382: 17365: 17339: 17313: 17291: 17279: 17257: 17235: 17201: 17160:Barry, Ellen (9 November 2008). 17153: 17126: 17104: 17064: 17038: 17012: 16996: 16974: 16838: 16826: 16804: 16740: 16681: 16630: 16604: 16569: 16543: 16525: 16509: 16483: 16461: 16435: 16416: 16388: 16365: 16313: 16287: 16255: 16174: 16133: 16111: 16056: 16031: 16005: 15980: 15954: 15927: 15915: 15893: 15871: 15787: 15771:. Enrin.grida.no. Archived from 15761: 15735: 15725:. 21 October 2007 (in Estonian) 15712: 15690: 15664: 15639: 15613: 15587: 15548: 15522: 15496: 15470: 15444: 15404: 15377: 15352: 15334:"Uranium production at Sillamäe" 15326: 15282: 15264:National Audit Office of Estonia 15208: 15186: 15159: 15133: 15121: 15095: 15087:Schneider, Thomas (March 2013). 15080: 15054: 14963: 14938: 14920: 14902: 14877: 14852: 14825: 14799: 14787: 14775: 14753: 14727: 14672: 14624: 14602: 14576: 14524: 14498: 14476: 14349: 14297: 14272: 14242: 14225: 14206: 14174: 14155: 14106: 14080: 14062: 14044: 14026: 13956: 13933: 13907: 13885: 13868: 13842: 13816: 13790: 13767: 13744: 13725: 13702: 13674: 13652: 13630: 13608: 13586: 13561: 13535: 13509: 13454: 13429: 13379: 13347: 13313: 13285: 13255: 13233: 13207: 13185: 13159: 13133: 13081: 13053: 13027: 12970: 12944: 12925:Perry, Sophie (2 January 2024). 12918: 12892: 12863: 12838: 12808: 12774: 12725: 12699: 12677: 12651: 12614: 12588: 12554: 12523: 12511: 12480: 12454: 12428: 12367: 12341: 12257: 12204: 12176: 12153: 12103: 12081: 12059: 12037: 12015: 11990: 11964: 11938: 11909: 11884: 11728: 11702: 11684: 11666: 11648: 11632:Historical Dictionary of Estonia 11623: 11601: 11576: 11537: 11519: 11494: 11444: 11419: 11394: 11363: 11338: 11313: 11288: 11263: 11238: 11213: 11188: 11154: 11129: 11104: 11088:Historical Dictionary of Estonia 11079: 11045: 11011: 10966: 10913: 10888: 10863: 10838: 10813: 10788: 10763: 10721:. Scarecrow Press. p. 275. 10719:Historical Dictionary of Estonia 10710: 10685: 10647:Historical Dictionary of Estonia 10638: 10582: 10566: 10534: 10509: 10493:Historical Dictionary of Estonia 10427: 10402: 10377: 10361:Historical Dictionary of Estonia 10352: 10338:. Lexington Books. p. 125. 10327: 10302: 10277: 10252: 10227: 10174: 10149: 10124: 10099: 10074: 10049: 10024: 9999: 9983:Historical Dictionary of Estonia 9974: 9949: 9924: 9859: 9834: 9809: 9784: 9734: 9657: 9632: 9607: 9487:. Hoover Press. pp. 47–49. 9313:. Hoover Press. pp. 32–33. 9188:. Hoover Press. pp. 28–29. 9080:The History of the Baltic States 8910:Historical Dictionary of Estonia 8050:Laurisaar, Riho (31 July 2004). 7062: 6989: 6975: 5866:is the first Estonian satellite. 5838:Tallinn University of Technology 5392:, Estonia was approximately 80% 4932: 4922: 4055:In 1928, a stable currency, the 3753:Permanent Structured Cooperation 3616:Council of the Baltic Sea States 3533:Council of the Baltic Sea States 3242: 3220: 3027:is present in east Estonia. The 2360:reached south Estonia. The USSR 1944:At the end of the 19th century, 1534:, defeated the Estonians in the 1506:, who had previously subjugated 679: 678: 653: 631: 630: 612: 611: 579: 578: 560: 559: 502: 108: 77: 63: 19016:Estonia: Return to Independence 18667:Tambur, Silver (23 July 2021). 18022:. Bachtrack.com. 8 January 2015 17594:. February 2009. Archived from 17245:. Riigi Teataja. 7 January 1990 16695:. 29 April 2013. Archived from 16294:Černoušek, Štěpán (June 2020). 15458:(in Estonian). 14 December 2021 14710:"2020 Human Development Report" 13269:. December 2014. Archived from 12045:"Weather records - Temperature" 12023:"Climate normals - Temperature" 11140:. Lexington Books. p. 72. 10924:. Reaktion Books. p. 335. 10671:"Conclusions of the Commission" 10467:. Leiden – Boston: Brill. 10213:. Scarecrow Press. p. 82. 9664:Subrenat, Jean-Jacques (2004). 9639:Subrenat, Jean-Jacques (2004). 9614:Subrenat, Jean-Jacques (2004). 9533:Subrenat, Jean-Jacques (2004). 9526: 9476: 9451: 9426: 9402: 9377: 9352: 9327: 9302: 9277: 9252: 9236:Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania 9227: 9202: 9177: 9149: 9096: 9071: 9010: 8957: 8926: 8901: 8876: 8851: 8826: 8801: 8776: 8751: 8726: 8701: 8676: 8651: 8617: 8591: 8566: 8538: 8513: 8479: 8424: 8374: 8349: 8324: 8291:Estonian Journal of Archaeology 8275: 8250: 8219: 8201:Subrenat, Jean-Jacques (2004). 8194: 8169: 8144: 8126:Subrenat, Jean-Jacques (2004). 8119: 8101:Subrenat, Jean-Jacques (2004). 8094: 8076:Subrenat, Jean-Jacques (2004). 8069: 8011: 7977: 7931: 7915: 7882: 7864: 7838: 7820: 7802: 7784: 7761: 7737: 7716: 7588: 7485: 7444:. 29 April 2013. Archived from 7430: 7416: 7407: 7207: 7127: 7055: 6630: 6414:ABD ehk Luggemise-Ramat Lastele 6339:Estonian country guitar player 6204:) started at the height of the 6032:out of practical reasons (see: 5765:List of universities in Estonia 5451:Polls about religiosity in the 4828: 4563: 4192:railroad connections in Estonia 3360:parliamentary elections of 2023 2921: 2742:, on the eastern shores of the 2479:Occupation of the Baltic states 2369:collaborationist administration 2297:bombing by the Soviet Air Force 2224:Occupation of the Baltic states 2213: 2056:Estonian Provisional Government 1980: 1659:. Many artisans' and merchants 527:30.3/km (78.5/sq mi) ( 19054:Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania 18825:Eliot, Charles Norton Edgcumbe 18564:"Pühade ja tähtpäevade seadus" 18488:"10 Historic Estonian Castles" 18336:. Lonely Planet. p. 325. 18232:Public Library. Archived from 16188:. 16 June 2017. Archived from 15769:"State Environment in Estonia" 15671:Howey, William (26 May 2023). 15479:"RMK 2022 profit €153 million" 14213:"Energy Effectiveness, Yearly" 13709:Vahtla, Aili (20 April 2017). 13360:. Nordefco.org. Archived from 11136:Stöcker, Lars Fredrik (2017). 10797:A History of the Baltic States 10436:"The Last Flight from Tallinn" 8710:A History of the Baltic States 8660:A History of the Baltic States 8575:A History of the Baltic States 8421:Haridus, 2007 (7–8), pp. 38–41 8383:A History of the Baltic States 8333:A History of the Baltic States 8178:A History of the Baltic States 8153:A History of the Baltic States 7683:Directorate, OECD Statistics. 7397: 7374: 7333: 7315: 7278: 7264: 7239: 6064:than 10 million objects. 5572:History of the Jews in Estonia 3733:NATO Enhanced Forward Presence 3472:Diplomatic missions of Estonia 3274:serves as the legislature and 2244:A week before the outbreak of 2029:Russian Provisional Government 1743:invaded Livonia, starting the 1504:Livonian Brothers of the Sword 1148:, a people first mentioned by 1074:unitary parliamentary republic 321:Unitary parliamentary republic 1: 21744:Commissioner for Human Rights 20966:country of the United Kingdom 19241: 19104:Statistical Office of Estonia 19077: 17286:Table ML133, Eesti Statistika 16955:. 10 May 2017. Archived from 16432:. . Retrieved 7 November 2011 16212:"Rahvaarv, 1. jaanuar, aasta" 16097:"CIA World Factbook: Estonia" 15620:Kütt, Ave (28 October 2022). 15427:"The war on Estonian forests" 14909:Bauc, Jaroslaw (April 1995). 14162:"Electricity Balance, Yearly" 14038:Legatum Prosperity Index 2020 13594:"Compulsory military service" 13391:"Estonia as a Nordic Country" 13355:"NORDEFCO annual report 2015" 13292:Smyth, Patrick (7 May 2016). 12113:. Estonian Environment Agency 12091:. Estonian Environment Agency 12069:. Estonian Environment Agency 12047:. Estonian Environment Agency 12025:. Estonian Environment Agency 11349:. Routledge. pp. 46–48. 10899:. Hoover Press. p. 174. 10749:. Hoover Press. p. 159. 10135:. Routledge. pp. 19–20. 10010:. Hoover Press. p. 128. 7796:Legatum Prosperity Index 2020 7724:"Country Profile – LegaCarta" 7232: 6928:was held in the capital city 6403:Chronicle of Henry of Livonia 6358: 6122: 5351: Other religions (1.10%) 4814:citizenship policy of Estonia 4650:as by wartime emigration and 4409:Visaginas nuclear power plant 4190:, there are many significant 4135:1998 Russian financial crisis 3743:deployment has been based in 3119:Põhja-Kõrvemaa Nature Reserve 3039:. Introduced mammals include 2842:containing the highest peak, 2411:to fight together with Finns 2122:Estonian Constituent Assembly 2023:, the governorate of Estonia 1577:. In 1236, after suffering a 1490:to "defend the Christians of 1456:Crusades and the Catholic Era 1424:Chronicle of Henry of Livonia 432:German and Soviet occupations 21432:European Economic Area (EEA) 21153:Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship 19157:travel guide from Wikivoyage 18821:Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch 18566:(in Estonian). Riigi Teataja 18417:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 15758:. 13 June 2008 (in Estonian) 14632:"Estonia: a digital economy" 14414:Koovit, Kaja (1 June 2011). 14393:"Avaleht – Eesti Statistika" 14391:Aron, Allan; Puura, Evelin. 14222:22 September 2010 (Estonian) 14118:2020.stateofeuropeantech.com 14012:Estonian Ministry of Finance 13921:(in Estonian). 15 March 2013 13854:Estonian Ministry of Defence 13751:Whyte, Andrew (5 May 2019). 13732:Rang, Adam (29 March 2023). 13115:"Nordic-Baltic Co-operation" 12899:Vahtla, Aili (6 June 2018). 12111:"Climate normals - Sunshine" 11804:Dynamiques Environnementales 10548:. Tallinn. pp. 496–517. 10031:Leonard, Raymond W. (1999). 9565:. Hoover Press. p. 59. 9462:. Hoover Press. p. 41. 9437:. Hoover Press. p. 38. 9388:. Hoover Press. p. 34. 9363:. Hoover Press. p. 33. 9338:. Hoover Press. p. 31. 9213:. Hoover Press. p. 28. 9135:. Hoover Press. p. 25. 9107:. Hoover Press. p. 24. 8812:. Hoover Press. p. 20. 8360:. Hoover Press. p. 12. 7876:2020.stateofeuropeantech.com 7198:Central and Eastern European 7188:classify Estonia as part of 5872:Estonian Academy of Sciences 5581: 4582:Before World War II, ethnic 4411:in Lithuania to replace the 4256: 4235:Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport 4156: 4019:. Estonian citizens receive 3981:Ease of Doing Business Index 3512:in the second half of 2017. 3476:Estonia was a member of the 3468:Foreign relations of Estonia 3353:2023 parliamentary elections 3270:. The unicameral parliament 3019:. The critically endangered 2959:Recorded species include 64 2880:Central and Eastern European 2719: 2071:Estonian War of Independence 2033:Estonian Provincial Assembly 1991:Estonian War of Independence 1918:Society of Estonian Literati 1912:became leading figures in a 1349:) and the county (Estonian: 7: 21143:West Pomeranian Voivodeship 20250:Baltic Council of Ministers 20170:Under Soviet rule (1944-91) 19494:Restoration of independence 19411:Declaration of Independence 19222:Central Intelligence Agency 19177:Geographic data related to 19128:Official gateway to Estonia 18968:Smith, Graham, ed. (1994). 18898:. In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). 18615:"Estonian Food Inforserver" 18589:"Estonian Holidays in 2010" 17841:Estonia as a Nordic Country 16984:. Pewforum.org. 10 May 2017 16320:Smith, David James (2005). 16277:"Baltic Germans in Estonia" 15988:"Estonian Startup Database" 15677:Economist Intelligence Unit 15414:. Statistics Estonia. 2012. 13893:"Operatsioonid alates 1995" 12635:10.1007/978-3-642-29615-4_2 12379:Ministry of the Environment 11972:"Information about Estonia" 11870:European Environment Agency 9047:Frucht, Richard C. (2005). 8933:Frucht, Richard C. (2005). 8885:Baltisk kultur och historia 8524:. Hoover Press. p. 4. 8226:Frucht, Richard C. (2005). 7545:International Monetary Fund 7300:Sammallahti, Pekka (1977), 6968: 6661: 6206:Estonian national awakening 6136:, songs in the traditional 6080:Estonian national awakening 5544:, under the Greek-Orthodox 5490:—a category which includes 5305: Unaffiliated (64.87%) 5299:Religion in Estonia (2011) 5285: 4665:. This was a result of the 4107:restoring full independence 4098:). The kroon succeeded the 3878:International Monetary Fund 3808:Populated places in Estonia 3640: 3549:Nordic Council of Ministers 3529:Baltic Council of Ministers 3384:Conservative People's Party 3304:ministers without portfolio 3283:proportional representation 3197: 3163:, and 600 (507 identified) 2906:Estonia is situated in the 2401:Estonian Waffen-SS division 2312:of around 11,000 people to 1887:Estonian national awakening 1879:Estonian national awakening 1866:Estonian national awakening 1528:Battle of St. Matthew's Day 1242:period is connected to the 1072:of Estonia is a democratic 402:Declaration of independence 10: 22219: 22069:Czechoslovakia (1991–1992) 21653: 21383: 20814:British Overseas Territory 20432:Countries and dependencies 20136:by the Soviet Union (1944) 20126:by the Soviet Union (1940) 19489:Declaration of sovereignty 19273:Wikimedia Atlas of Estonia 18757:Viaggio nell'Hansa baltica 18752:Travel to the Baltic Hansa 18281:. Einst.ee. Archived from 18268:Estonian Literature Centre 17373:"ESTONIAN LOTFITKA ROMANI" 17323:. Noavv.ee. Archived from 17267:. Ies.ee. 10 February 1998 17137:. Einst.ee. Archived from 15597:. Umsl.edu. Archived from 15062:"Homeownership rate graph" 14761:"Press Freedom Index 2016" 14362:. Eurostat. Archived from 13326:. Routledge. p. 166. 12846:"Supreme Court of Estonia" 12822:. Estonica. Archived from 12414:Friedrich Ebert Foundation 12264:Spilling, Michael (2010). 11611:. World Trade Organization 11587:. Routledge. p. 170. 11370:Walker, Edward W. (2003). 11197:Encyclopedia of Soviet Law 11052:Misiunas, Romuald (1983). 11018:Misiunas, Romuald (1983). 10952:. Routledge. p. 128. 10388:. Routledge. p. 110. 10313:. Routledge. p. 154. 10288:. Routledge. p. 119. 9693:Cultural Policy in Estonia 9643:. Rodopi. pp. 90–91. 8968:. Routledge. p. 305. 8303:10.3176/arch.2012.supv1.11 6899: 6884:is a traditional Estonian 6855: 6849: 6845: 6691:Public holidays in Estonia 6668:Public holidays in Estonia 6665: 6634: 6503:List of Estonian war films 6496: 6490: 6368: 6362: 6174:or other dance music. The 6077: 6071: 5984: 5978: 5974: 5821:Estonian Students' Society 5762: 5756: 5645:Although the Estonian and 5585: 5289: 4921: 4854: 4832: 4747:Nordic identity in Estonia 4740: 4736: 4669:policies essential to the 4567: 4558:foreign direct investments 4506: 4427:shifted its main focus to 4393:area and coastal areas of 4331: 4300:Significant quantities of 4206:, in other hand, includes 4160: 3857: 3853: 3821:status and form part of a 3789: 3644: 3573:Nordic Defence Cooperation 3465: 3411: 3401: 3201: 2932:Protected areas of Estonia 2925: 2899: 2895: 2734:Satellite image of Estonia 2723: 2659:On 28 September 1994, the 2564: 2555:diplomatic representatives 2504:policy of collectivisation 2472: 2377:Reichskommissariat Ostland 2295:The capital Tallinn after 2217: 2135:establishing Estonia as a 1984: 1922:Estonian Students' Society 1863: 1674: 1459: 1197: 1186: 1182: 1110: 1035:diplomatic representatives 992:, however the country was 966:Estonian national identity 812: Estonia regained its 25: 18: 16:Country in Northern Europe 22061: 22015: 21772: 21711: 21651: 21496: 21485: 21438: 21381: 21370: 21229: 21079: 20983: 20939: 20914: 20889: 20876: 20823: 20799: 20792: 20769: 20756: 20714: 20703: 20442: 20370: 20324: 20283: 20237: 20209: 20198: 20088: 20041: 20001: 19952: 19804: 19751: 19742: 19680: 19671: 19577: 19568: 19511: 19502: 19319: 19168:google.com map of Estonia 19121: 19089:The Parliament of Estonia 18932:Estonia and the Estonians 18669:"Estonia at the Olympics" 18330:Johnstone, Sarah (2007). 17288:. Retrieved 30 April 2011 16722:. Springer. p. 131. 16372:Viies, Mare (July 2011). 14660:. Traceminternational.org 14254:Estonian Export Directory 13876:"2024 Global Peace Index" 13755:. Eesti Rahvusringhääling 13713:. Eesti Rahvusringhääling 13662:. Estonian Defence League 13660:"Estonian Defence League" 13618:. Estonian Defence Forces 13616:"Estonian Defence Forces" 12750:10.1007/978-94-6265-273-6 12462:"What does Riigikogu do?" 12405:Toots, Anu (March 2019). 12355:. World Trade Press. 2023 11455:. Routledge. p. 41. 11430:. Routledge. p. 54. 11405:. Routledge. p. 52. 11224:. Routledge. p. xx. 10997:10.4054/DemRes.2018.38.38 10795:Kasekamp, Andres (2010). 10696:. Routledge. p. 36. 10593:. Routledge. p. 34. 10520:. Springer. p. 233. 10234:von Rauch, Georg (1974). 10185:. Routledge. p. 22. 10160:. Routledge. p. 21. 10085:. Routledge. p. 18. 9956:Kasekamp, Andres (2000). 9931:Kasekamp, Andres (2000). 9841:Kasekamp, Andres (2000). 9745:. Routledge. p. 10. 9263:. Routledge. p. 77. 9259:Frost, Robert I. (2014). 8964:Frost, Robert I. (2014). 8758:Plakans, Andrejs (2011). 8708:Kasekamp, Andres (2010). 8658:Kasekamp, Andres (2010). 8573:Kasekamp, Andres (2010). 8486:Martens, Irmelin (2004). 8381:Kasekamp, Andres (2010). 8331:Kasekamp, Andres (2010). 8263:. pp. 33, 34, 59, 60 8176:Kasekamp, Andres (2010). 8151:Kasekamp, Andres (2010). 7381:Salminen, Tapani (2003), 7221:on 1 September 1435, the 6895: 6647:Estonian vernacular style 6621:Reporters Without Borders 6588:Reporters Without Borders 6425:, was published in 1795. 6353:A Sailor's Guide to Earth 6225:Aleksander Eduard Thomson 6018:considered a Nordic state 5653:, mainly from Low Saxon ( 4800:village with a church on 4751:Estonian alien's passport 4526:joined recently with the 4241:for the national airline 3800:Municipalities of Estonia 3739:. Also part of NATO, the 3695:Estonia co-operates with 3488:, and has been member of 3320:The head of the state is 3299:Prime Minister of Estonia 3151:, 3000 (2500 identified) 2432:heavy fighting near Narva 2320:(accompanied by Estonian 1904:(Estonian). Schoolmaster 1877:played a key role in the 1194:Prehistory and Viking Age 805: 793: 781: 769: 759: 735: 717: 698: 668: 643: 624: 605: 591: 572: 553: 535: 521: 511: 496: 489: 479: 465: 458: 454: 441: 428: 413: 398: 394: 376: 364: 360: 345: 330: 326: 314: 302: 264: 260: 217: 207: 163: 132: 101:Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm 93: 59: 37: 21071:Countries bordering the 20337:Baltic Basketball League 20263:Air Surveillance Network 19582:Administrative divisions 19254:templates for discussion 19114:20 February 2019 at the 19084:The President of Estonia 18949:Smith, David J. (2001). 18357:Maier, Michaela (2006). 18206:21 November 2018 at the 17546:"OECD Better Life Index" 17135:"Old Estonian Religions" 16597:2 September 2011 at the 15302:10.1787/9789264190801-en 15228:10.1787/9789264190801-en 15174:(in Estonian). Postimees 14418:. Balticbusinessnews.com 14218:28 November 2017 at the 14167:28 November 2017 at the 12850:Supreme Court of Estonia 10948:Taagepera, Rein (2013). 10284:Åselius, Gunnar (2004). 9960:. Springer. p. 11. 9935:. Springer. p. 10. 9820:. Springer. p. 68. 9795:. Springer. p. 67. 9078:O'Connor, Kevin (2003). 8833:O'Connor, Kevin (2006). 8783:O'Connor, Kevin (2006). 7015: 6486: 6347:with the country singer 6132:are also referred to as 6067: 6053:Estonian Academy of Arts 5997:Estonian National Museum 5884:Research and Development 5854:Estonian Business School 5850:Estonian Academy of Arts 5769:Space science in Estonia 5534:Estonian Orthodox Church 5500:religiously unaffiliated 5488:religiously unaffiliated 4502: 4328:Industry and environment 4121:finalised the design of 4086:currencies (such as the 3786:Administrative divisions 3575:in selected activities. 3527:, the intergovernmental 3424:Supreme Court of Estonia 3025:Siberian flying squirrel 2671:since 13 November 1999. 2652:. The last units of the 2611:Popular Front of Estonia 2494:, the "Forest Brothers". 2469:Second Soviet occupation 2272:mutual assistance treaty 2256:Soviet Union signed the 2139:democracy. In 1924, the 2093:. In June 1919, Estonia 1966:political demonstrations 1142:) has been connected to 1008:in 1941, and ultimately 881:, the larger islands of 21:Estonia (disambiguation) 22079:Saar (assoc. 1950–1956) 21729:Parliamentary Assembly 21724:Committee of Ministers 20970:British-Irish Agreement 20314:Human Development Index 20151:Operation Priboi (1949) 20146:June deportation (1941) 19161: 18930:Raun, Toivo U. (1987). 18915:. London: I.B. Tauris. 18909:Naylor, Aliide (2020). 18901:Encyclopædia Britannica 18840:Encyclopædia Britannica 18823:; Bealby, John Thomas; 18106:Kurman, George (1968). 18086:Encyclopædia Britannica 17394:www.topuniversities.com 17243:"Eesti NSV Keeleseadus" 16918:, 383, European Union: 16617:The Wall Street Journal 16326:. Rodopi. p. 211. 15881:. ERR. 24 November 2014 15748:2 November 2013 at the 15336:. Ut.ee. Archived from 14975:2 November 2013 at the 14737:. Yahoo. Archived from 14357:"GDP per capita in PPS" 14034:"Estonia (Ranked 21st)" 13521:Eesti Rahvusringhääling 13010:"Estonia country brief" 12905:Eesti Rahvusringhääling 12711:Eesti Rahvusringhääling 12663:Eesti Rahvusringhääling 12002:Encyclopedia Britannica 11817:10.4000/dynenviron.2230 11800:"Briefly about Estonia" 10895:Raun, Toivo U. (2002). 10745:Raun, Toivo U. (2002). 10463:Mälksoo, Lauri (2003). 10443:Foreign Service Journal 10334:Gärtner, Heinz (2017). 10006:Raun, Toivo U. (2002). 9845:. Springer. p. 9. 9816:Calvert, Peter (1987). 9791:Calvert, Peter (1987). 9561:Raun, Toivo U. (2002). 9483:Raun, Toivo U. (2002). 9458:Raun, Toivo U. (2002). 9433:Raun, Toivo U. (2002). 9384:Raun, Toivo U. (2002). 9359:Raun, Toivo U. (2002). 9334:Raun, Toivo U. (2002). 9309:Raun, Toivo U. (2002). 9209:Raun, Toivo U. (2002). 9184:Raun, Toivo U. (2002). 9131:Raun, Toivo U. (2002). 9103:Raun, Toivo U. (2002). 8858:Pekomäe, Vello (1986). 8808:Raun, Toivo U. (2002). 8520:Raun, Toivo U. (2002). 8431:Tvauri, Andres (2012). 8417:11 October 2017 at the 8356:Raun, Toivo U. (2002). 8257:Tvauri, Andres (2012). 7792:"Estonia (Ranked 21st)" 7473:. ERR. 22 February 2024 7340:Pajusalu, Karl (2009). 6653:more or less preserved 6637:Architecture of Estonia 6600:Eesti Rahvusringhääling 6417:, an Estonian-language 6292:in 2001 with the song " 6290:Eurovision Song Contest 6274:In the 1950s, Estonian 6198:Estonian Song Festivals 5888:Global Innovation Index 5657:) during the period of 5607:The official language, 5546:Ecumenical Patriarchate 5538:Russian Orthodox Church 5371:Christian denominations 4825:until January 1, 2016. 4823:cohabitation agreements 4743:Human rights in Estonia 4570:Demographics of Estonia 4369:, also concentrated in 4075:Estonian pronunciation: 4027:, and the longest paid 4005:Human Development Index 3919:natural gas from Russia 3723:on 29 March 2004. NATO 3689:Estonian Defence League 3679:. The current national 3665:Estonian Defence Forces 3651:Estonian Defence League 3647:Estonian Defence Forces 3555:with a subsidiaries in 3435:Constitution of Estonia 3408:Constitution of Estonia 3394:became the opposition. 3380:Social Democratic Party 3334:Constitution of Estonia 3179:(23%). Since 1969, the 3159:, 850 (786 identified) 2889:Encyclopædia Britannica 2738:Estonia is situated in 2619:Sovereignty Declaration 2393:Soviet prisoners of war 2258:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 2220:Estonia in World War II 1892:Johann Voldemar Jannsen 1550:(county) to surrender. 1498:unsuccessfully invaded 1444:, especially groves of 1106: 1066:Human Development Index 808: 513:• 2021 census 21812:Bosnia and Herzegovina 21148:Pomeranian Voivodeship 21121:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 20806:(Sovereign Base Areas) 20487:Bosnia and Herzegovina 20342:Swimming Championships 20309:Gross regional product 18990:Subrenat, Jean-Jacques 18514:"Castles & manors" 18333:Europe on a Shoestring 18112:. Indiana University. 17711:WIPO (18 April 2024). 16592:Eesti ühiskond Society 15729:22 August 2013 at the 14439:. Statistics Estonia. 14171:8 June 2010 (Estonian) 13462:"Participating States" 13267:Nordic Investment Bank 12790:Juridica International 12570:Juridica International 11630:Miljan, Toivo (2015). 11501:Nørgaard, Ole (1999). 11199:. BRILL. p. 461. 11086:Miljan, Toivo (2015). 10717:Miljan, Toivo (2004). 10677:. 1998. Archived from 10645:Miljan, Toivo (2015). 10614:Pinder, David (1990). 10491:Miljan, Toivo (2015). 10359:Miljan, Toivo (2015). 9981:Miljan, Toivo (2015). 9900:Pinder, David (1990). 9866:Pinder, David (1990). 9668:. Rodopi. p. 91. 9618:. Rodopi. p. 93. 9537:. Rodopi. p. 90. 8908:Miljan, Toivo (2015). 8205:. Rodopi. p. 28. 8130:. Rodopi. p. 26. 8105:. Rodopi. p. 24. 8080:. Rodopi. p. 23. 7946:Tartu University Press 7272:"Vro | ISO 639-3" 7223:Livonian Confederation 7137: 7109: 6914: 6649: 6539:The Singing Revolution 6521:Those Old Love Letters 6499:List of Estonian films 6383: 6193: 6117: 6109: 6098:Estonian Song Festival 6084:Estonian Song Festival 6000: 5945:, political scientist 5939:Georg Wilhelm Richmann 5929:, medical researchers 5867: 5828: 5827:of urban architecture. 5754: 5617:Uralic language family 5604: 5536:, affiliated with the 5475:individuals were 22%, 5448: 4805: 4579: 4524:Tallinn Stock Exchange 4509:Tallinn Stock Exchange 4445:, partly owing to the 4354: 4274: 4177:Tallinn Stock Exchange 4147:Nordic Investment Bank 4052: 3940: 3817: 3758:According to the 2024 3729:Russian war in Ukraine 3710:Baltic Defence College 3660: 3582:from 2006 until 2016) 3565:Nordic Investment Bank 3430: 3414:LGBT rights in Estonia 3397: 3317: 3268:parliamentary republic 3145:Sarmatic mixed forests 3121: 3086:, numerous species of 2949: 2908:temperate climate zone 2735: 2656:left Estonia in 1994. 2639:coup attempt in Moscow 2597:"). The environmental 2595:the Singing revolution 2580: 2495: 2447:appointed a government 2427: 2346:destruction battalions 2337: 2304: 2299:during the war on the 2241: 2165:parliament was elected 2143:organised a communist 2069:invaded, starting the 2016: 1926:national song festival 1882: 1850:Governorate of Livonia 1846:Governorate of Estonia 1794: 1705: 1685:Governorate of Livonia 1681:Governorate of Estonia 1665:Livonian Confederation 1617: 1479: 1216: 1126: 1064:, ranking 31st in the 1014:administrative subunit 972:from the then-warring 841:, is a country by the 616:$ 43.486 billion ( 564:$ 61.598 billion ( 43: 22153:Member states of NATO 21739:Court of Human Rights 21386:Potential enlargement 20833:Bailiwick of Guernsey 20804:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 19438:Occupation of Estonia 19237:UCB Libraries GovPubs 19200:13 April 2010 at the 19195:Encyclopedia Estonica 19133:4 August 2010 at the 19033:Taylor, Neil (2004). 18953:. London: Routledge. 18360:Campaigning in Europe 18172:Spotted Mother Tongue 18082:"Estonian literature" 17956:12 September 2012 at 17920:10.1515/9783110885996 17390:"University of Tartu" 17020:"Churches in Estonia" 16915:Special Eurobarometer 16735:ex-Communist society. 16121:. Struktuurifondid.ee 14305:"Ministry of Finance" 13387:Ilves, Toomas Hendrik 12818:(27 September 2012). 12375:"Nature conservation" 12308:10.1093/biosci/bix014 12239:Taylor, Neil (2014). 12135:Taylor, Neil (2014). 11609:"Estonia and the WTO" 11527:"Sweden pays tribute" 11451:Gill, Graeme (2003). 11426:Smith, David (2013). 11401:Smith, David (2013). 11345:Smith, David (2013). 10692:Smith, David (2013). 10409:Raukas, Anto (2002). 10181:Smith, David (2013). 10156:Smith, David (2013). 10131:Smith, David (2013). 10081:Smith, David (2013). 10056:Bell, Imogen (2002). 9766:Raukas, Anto (2002). 9741:Smith, David (2013). 9716:Raukas, Anto (2002). 9589:Raukas, Anto (2002). 9508:Raukas, Anto (2002). 9284:Raukas, Anto (2002). 8994:Vana-Liivimaa maapäev 8860:Estland genom tiderna 8733:Raukas, Anto (2002). 8683:Raukas, Anto (2002). 8282:Mäesalu, Ain (2012). 7984:Rätsep, Huno (2007). 7901:E. pp. 144–145. 7889:Mägi, Marika (2018). 7438:"Estonia Census 2021" 7151:Free state of Estonia 6909: 6644: 6527:The Heart of the Bear 6378: 6365:Literature of Estonia 6188: 6095: 6057:Eesti Kunstiakadeemia 6025:Protestant work ethic 5994: 5943:Thomas Johann Seebeck 5862: 5818: 5748: 5741:Education and science 5737:minority in Estonia. 5595: 5504:nothing in particular 5496:nothing in particular 5443: 5407:Russian Old-believers 4792: 4671:Sovietization program 4577: 4349: 4342:Wind power in Estonia 4264: 4202:. The most important 4196:Tallinn–Narva railway 4137:. Estonia joined the 4119:Government of Estonia 4050: 4021:universal health care 3935: 3815: 3658: 3627:relations with Russia 3543:, and is a member of 3421: 3372:formed the government 3312: 3295:Government of Estonia 3266:Estonia is a unitary 3112: 3098:and many others. The 3037:Matsalu National Park 2939: 2766:, and to the east by 2733: 2574: 2561:Independence restored 2490: 2421: 2371:was established, and 2294: 2280:was shot down by the 2248:, on 23 August 1939, 2231: 2200:with the Soviet Union 2065:On 28 November 1918, 2052:declared independence 2002: 1873: 1832:During the 1700–1721 1781: 1692: 1604: 1477: 1211: 1204:Viking Age in Estonia 869:, and to the east by 857:, to the west by the 481:• Water (%) 445:Independence restored 18399:"Estonia | RSF" 17805:. 16 September 2024. 17052:on 23 September 2015 16812:"Estonia – Religion" 16428:10 June 2010 at the 16283:on 23 December 2007. 16214:. Statistics Estonia 16146:Rahandusministeerium 14512:on 16 September 2017 13389:(14 December 1999). 13041:on 10 September 2012 12826:on 19 September 2021 12781:Varul, Paul (2000). 12561:Liivik, Ero (2011). 12542:on 24 September 2021 12436:"What is Riigikogu?" 11295:Vogt, Henri (2005). 10983:Demographic Research 10920:Purs, Aldis (2013). 10620:. ABC-CLIO. p. 9906:. ABC-CLIO. p. 9872:. ABC-CLIO. p. 9053:. ABC-CLIO. p. 8939:. ABC-CLIO. p. 8625:Tyerman, Christopher 8232:. ABC-CLIO. p. 6954:2006 Winter Olympics 6950:1936 Summer Olympics 6946:cross-country skiing 6923:1980 Summer Olympics 6919:1920 Summer Olympics 6862:Kalev (confectioner) 5759:Education in Estonia 5588:Languages of Estonia 4718:("Coastal Swedes"). 4663:national catastrophe 4381:industrial complex. 4365:The oil shale-based 4362:and around Tallinn. 4350:Rõuste wind farm in 4334:Oil shale in Estonia 4271:total primary energy 4163:Transport in Estonia 4043:Historic development 3874:GDP (PPP) per capita 3584:Toomas Hendrik Ilves 3580:President of Estonia 3212:Elections in Estonia 3076:western capercaillie 3068:lesser spotted eagle 2726:Geography of Estonia 2583:The introduction of 2318:Operation Barbarossa 1914:nationalist movement 1906:Carl Robert Jakobson 1875:Carl Robert Jakobson 1671:Post-Reformation Era 1536:Battle of Lyndanisse 737:• Summer ( 498:• 2024 estimate 19:For other uses, see 22193:Countries in Europe 22115: / 20926:unincorporated area 20855:Bailiwick of Jersey 20717:States with limited 20163:Diplomatic services 20106:United Baltic Duchy 20096:Territorial changes 19479:Government-in-exile 19416:War of Independence 19189:General information 19145:VisitEstonia Portal 19094:Estonian Government 18774:. London: Longman. 18621:on 17 December 2007 18463:"Varbola hill fort" 18279:"Cinema of Estonia" 18070:. 13 February 2017. 17975:6 July 2017 at the 17843:– Välisministeerium 17723:10.34667/tind.46596 17432:. 16 December 2022. 17327:on 4 September 2012 17007:Pew Research Center 16920:European Commission 16699:on 24 November 2017 16378:European Commission 16064:"CoinMetro License" 14995:Estonian Free Press 14970:Personal Income Tax 14564:on 25 November 2016 14486:. CNBC. 5 June 2012 14464:on 14 November 2013 14337:on 14 November 2017 14008:"Local Governments" 13273:on 23 February 2018 13241:"Norden in Estonia" 13173:on 18 November 2013 13147:on 13 November 2013 13095:on 13 November 2013 12627:Springer Publishing 12353:Global Road Warrior 11680:. 31 December 2010. 11176:on 18 December 2018 10452:on 17 January 2012. 8297:(16supplser): 199. 7745:European Parliament 7712:. 24 December 2023. 7448:on 24 November 2017 7196:classifies it as a 6595:Baltic News Service 6584:Press Freedom Index 6423:Otto Wilhelm Masing 6408:Liber Census Daniae 6399:Originates Livoniae 6387:Estonian literature 6249:Aleksander Kunileid 5907:Karl Ernst von Baer 5834:University of Tartu 5787:University of Tartu 5751:University of Tartu 5484:Pew Research Center 5292:Religion in Estonia 4451:e-residency program 4419:and bad example of 4251:LOT Polish Airlines 4204:highways in Estonia 4123:Estonian euro coins 4001:high-income economy 3966:Economic indicators 3804:Boroughs of Estonia 3796:Counties of Estonia 3741:Baltic Air Policing 3706:NATO Response Force 3569:Nordic Battle Group 3567:, European Union's 3545:Nordic-Baltic Eight 3358:In the most recent 3204:Politics of Estonia 3135:. According to the 3129:Circumboreal Region 3125:Phytogeographically 2916:continental climate 2878:classifies it as a 2748:East European Plain 2702:from 2020 to 2021. 2700:UN Security Council 2676:Western democracies 2645:on 20 August 1991. 2635:referendum was held 2633:. In March 1991, a 2631:Congress of Estonia 2591:laulev revolutsioon 2551:government-in-exile 2174:Estonia joined the 2120:In April 1919, the 2044:Salvation Committee 2021:February Revolution 2019:In 1917, after the 1698:University of Tartu 1694:Academia Gustaviana 1438:historical evidence 1256:Corded Ware culture 1039:government-in-exile 988:at the outbreak of 984:, Estonia declared 934:medieval indigenous 907:largest urban areas 839:Republic of Estonia 408:23–24 February 1918 188: / 39:Republic of Estonia 22074:Russia (1996–2022) 21526:provisional member 21440:EFTA member states 21165:Kaliningrad Oblast 21116:Schleswig-Holstein 20825:Crown Dependencies 20185:Singing Revolution 19720:Telecommunications 19484:Singing Revolution 19465:Estonian partisans 19386:Great Northern War 19217:The World Factbook 19207:Estonian Institute 18694:"Sports and games" 18494:. 25 November 2017 18385:"Index | RSF" 18264:4 May 2011 at the 18236:on 5 October 2007. 18220:Liukkonen, Petri. 18000:on 25 January 2022 17692:. World Bank. 2015 17166:The New York Times 16929:on 2 December 2012 16784:Marshall Cavendish 16693:Statistics Estonia 16669:. 31 December 2011 16667:Statistics Estonia 16423:CIA World Factbook 16265:. 2 November 2023. 15942:on 7 February 2012 15903:. Nordpoolspot.com 15536:on 21 October 2007 15172:Postimees Majandus 15130:ERR, 13 June 2018. 14538:on 30 January 2017 14311:on 2 November 2013 14260:on 21 January 2012 14058:. 2 December 2019. 13804:. 3 September 2019 13367:on 14 October 2017 13221:on 18 October 2012 13069:. 21 December 2017 12742:T.M.C. Asser Press 12499:on 14 January 2020 12468:. 4 September 2019 11952:. 25 February 2011 11656:"Estonia and OECD" 11568:has generic name ( 8437:. pp. 322–325 8026:. pp. 94–96. 7816:. 2 December 2019. 7710:CIA World Factbook 7442:Statistics Estonia 7215:Battle of Grunwald 7202:CIA World Factbook 7005:Outline of Estonia 6952:, and 12th at the 6915: 6911:Tartu Ski Marathon 6650: 6429:the national epic 6384: 6194: 6110: 6038:universal suffrage 6011:, with mainstream 6005:culture of Estonia 6001: 5981:Culture of Estonia 5868: 5842:Tallinn University 5829: 5789:, founded by King 5755: 5651:Germanic languages 5647:Germanic languages 5605: 5449: 4806: 4580: 4547:Estonia's currency 4513:Estonia has had a 4417:Fukushima disaster 4355: 4338:Narva Power Plants 4275: 4267:oil shale industry 4053: 3999:with an advanced, 3941: 3860:Economy of Estonia 3818: 3760:Global Peace Index 3749:Nordic Battlegroup 3661: 3500:, and in 2011 the 3452:court of cassation 3431: 3318: 3278:as the executive. 3122: 3064:white-tailed eagle 2950: 2902:Climate of Estonia 2884:CIA World Factbook 2850:Location in Europe 2762:, to the south by 2736: 2607:central government 2581: 2567:Singing Revolution 2532:Finnish television 2496: 2492:Estonian partisans 2428: 2322:guerrilla soldiers 2305: 2242: 2115:Tartu Peace Treaty 2017: 1883: 1860:National Awakening 1834:Great Northern War 1795: 1765:Polish–Swedish War 1706: 1627:), the capital of 1618: 1615:Kingdom of Denmark 1480: 1233:radiocarbon dating 1227:, on the banks of 1217: 1189:History of Estonia 1162:Scandinavian sagas 1043:Singing Revolution 1010:reoccupied in 1944 865:, to the south by 601:2024 estimate 549:2024 estimate 415:• Joined the 22098: 22097: 22092: 22091: 21759:Venice Commission 21719:Secretary General 21705:Council of Europe 21671: 21670: 21529: 21480: 21468: 21456: 21397: 21396: 21185: 21184: 21038: 21037: 20979: 20978: 20901:autonomous region 20872: 20871: 20868: 20867: 20398: 20397: 20347:Baltic Chain Tour 20222:tallest buildings 19988: 19987: 19948: 19947: 19776:Estonian language 19738: 19737: 19667: 19666: 19634:Political parties 19597:Foreign relations 19564: 19563: 19406:German occupation 19356:German Bishoprics 18673:EstonianWorld.com 18595:on 6 January 2011 18492:HeritageDaily.com 18438:"Pada hill forts" 18370:978-3-8258-9322-4 18343:978-1-74104-591-8 18222:"Anton Tammsaare" 18046:Museum Collection 17894:978-0-333-23111-1 17732:978-92-805-3432-0 17656:978-0-444-87342-2 17515:Education Estonia 17141:on 11 August 2011 16814:. Country Studies 16497:on 27 August 2010 16333:978-90-420-1666-8 15853:Lietuvos Energija 15700:. Tuuleenergia.ee 15626:Invest in Estonia 15601:on 24 August 2013 15370:978-0-7923-6187-9 15340:on 4 January 2015 15109:. 9 December 2010 14927:Staehr, Karsten. 14889:www.bundesbank.de 14741:on 15 August 2020 14684:Global Politician 14014:. 1 November 2019 13523:. 9 December 2017 13333:978-0-415-83657-9 12767:978-94-6265-272-9 12644:978-3-642-29614-7 12629:. pp. 4–12. 12442:. 15 October 2019 12349:"National Flower" 11978:. 9 November 2022 11065:978-0-520-04625-2 11031:978-0-520-04625-2 10881:978-0-520-04625-2 10806:978-0-230-36450-9 10756:978-0-8179-2853-7 10728:978-0-8108-6571-6 10703:978-1-136-45213-0 10656:978-0-8108-7513-5 10631:978-1-57607-800-6 10600:978-1-136-48304-2 10527:978-0-230-24693-5 10502:978-0-8108-7513-5 10395:978-1-317-89057-7 10370:978-0-8108-7513-5 9422:on 19 March 2009. 9003:978-9949-415-84-7 8472:978-1-909662-79-7 8411:Sigtuna hukkumine 7605:. 13 March 2024. 7495:. 2 January 2024. 7219:Battle of Swienta 7114:[ˈeˑstʲi] 6843: 6842: 6839: 6827: 6815: 6803: 6793: 6781: 6757: 6719: 6707: 6615:Freedom of speech 6609:Eesti Televisioon 6509:cinema of Estonia 6460:Truth and Justice 6395:Northern Crusades 6391:Estonian language 6196:The tradition of 6170:are used to play 5987:List of Estonians 5911:Jakob von Uexküll 5783:cathedral schools 5655:Middle Low German 5515:Eastern Orthodoxy 5396:, overwhelmingly 5282: 5281: 4710:Soviet occupation 4673:, which aimed to 4656:mass deportations 4352:Lääneranna Parish 4015:, education, and 3997:developed country 3631:Russia's invasion 3551:has an office in 3486:Western countries 3478:League of Nations 3462:Foreign relations 3297:is formed by the 3259: 3237: 2553:and the Estonian 2440:a major offensive 2362:evacuated Tallinn 2176:League of Nations 2099:German Landeswehr 2060:German occupation 1854:local aristocracy 1838:Tsardom of Russia 1737:Ivan the Terrible 1702:Kingdom of Sweden 1567:prince-bishoprics 1436:). There is some 1296:Yaroslav the Wise 1250:period, known as 1131:[ˈeˑstʲi] 1054:developed country 946:Northern Crusades 921:, also being the 919:official language 911:Estonian language 837:, officially the 832: 831: 818:Soviet occupation 662:medium inequality 626:• Per capita 574:• Per capita 423:22 September 1921 417:League of Nations 208:Official language 192:59.417°N 24.750°E 125: 28:Estonian language 22210: 22130: 22129: 22127: 22126: 22125: 22120: 22116: 22113: 22112: 22111: 22108: 21698: 21691: 21684: 21675: 21674: 21523: 21498:EU member states 21491: 21474: 21462: 21450: 21424: 21417: 21410: 21401: 21400: 21376: 21212: 21205: 21198: 21189: 21188: 21170:Leningrad Oblast 21065: 21058: 21051: 21042: 21041: 21026: 21014: 21013: 21000:Governed by the 20962:Northern Ireland 20905:Åland convention 20887: 20886: 20797: 20796: 20767: 20766: 20709: 20444:Sovereign states 20425: 20418: 20411: 20402: 20401: 20388: 20387: 20378: 20377: 20296:Busiest airports 20204: 20158:State continuity 20078: 20076: 20075: 20065: 20063: 20062: 20052: 20050: 20049: 20028: 20021: 20014: 20005: 20004: 19996:Related articles 19992: 19991: 19968: 19961: 19749: 19748: 19678: 19677: 19654: 19575: 19574: 19541:Populated places 19509: 19508: 19401:Age of Awakening 19346:Livonian Crusade 19302: 19295: 19288: 19279: 19278: 19271: 19270: 19176: 19175: 19153: 19140:E-Estonia Portal 19067: 19048: 19029: 19007: 18985: 18964: 18945: 18926: 18905: 18897: 18895:"Esthonia" 18888: 18866: 18844: 18832: 18830:"Esthonia" 18816: 18814: 18808:. Archived from 18797: 18785: 18748:Giuseppe D'Amato 18734: 18733: 18731: 18729: 18723:Visitestonia.com 18715: 18709: 18708: 18706: 18704: 18698:VisitEstonia.com 18690: 18684: 18683: 18681: 18679: 18664: 18658: 18657: 18655: 18653: 18638: 18632: 18630: 18628: 18626: 18617:. Archived from 18611: 18605: 18604: 18602: 18600: 18585: 18579: 18578: 18573: 18571: 18560: 18554: 18553: 18551: 18549: 18543:VisitEstonia.com 18535: 18529: 18528: 18526: 18524: 18518:VisitEstonia.com 18510: 18504: 18503: 18501: 18499: 18484: 18478: 18477: 18475: 18473: 18467:VisitEstonia.com 18459: 18453: 18452: 18450: 18448: 18442:VisitEstonia.com 18434: 18428: 18427: 18425: 18423: 18409: 18403: 18402: 18395: 18389: 18388: 18381: 18375: 18374: 18354: 18348: 18347: 18327: 18321: 18320: 18318: 18316: 18307:. 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Archived from 16850: 16842: 16836: 16830: 16824: 16823: 16821: 16819: 16808: 16802: 16801: 16786:. p. 1066. 16774: 16768: 16767: 16761: 16759: 16744: 16738: 16737: 16715: 16709: 16708: 16706: 16704: 16685: 16679: 16678: 16676: 16674: 16659: 16653: 16652: 16650: 16648: 16634: 16628: 16627: 16625: 16623: 16608: 16602: 16589: 16583: 16573: 16567: 16566: 16564: 16562: 16547: 16541: 16540: 16529: 16523: 16522:. 9 January 2009 16513: 16507: 16506: 16504: 16502: 16487: 16481: 16480: 16478: 16476: 16465: 16459: 16458: 16456: 16454: 16439: 16433: 16420: 16414: 16413: 16411: 16409: 16401:The Baltic Times 16392: 16386: 16385: 16369: 16363: 16362: 16360: 16358: 16344: 16338: 16337: 16317: 16311: 16310: 16308: 16306: 16291: 16285: 16284: 16273: 16267: 16266: 16259: 16253: 16252: 16250: 16248: 16243:on 7 August 2011 16233: 16224: 16223: 16221: 16219: 16208: 16202: 16201: 16199: 16197: 16178: 16172: 16171: 16165: 16157: 16155: 16153: 16137: 16131: 16130: 16128: 16126: 16115: 16109: 16108: 16106: 16104: 16093: 16080: 16079: 16077: 16075: 16066:. Archived from 16060: 16054: 16053: 16051: 16049: 16043:Google WorldBank 16035: 16029: 16028: 16026: 16024: 16019:. 7 January 2022 16009: 16003: 16002: 16000: 15998: 15984: 15978: 15977: 15975: 15973: 15962:"Not only Skype" 15958: 15952: 15951: 15949: 15947: 15931: 15925: 15919: 15913: 15912: 15910: 15908: 15897: 15891: 15890: 15888: 15886: 15875: 15869: 15868: 15866: 15864: 15845: 15839: 15838: 15836: 15834: 15823: 15817: 15816: 15814: 15812: 15807:on 25 March 2009 15806: 15800:. Archived from 15799: 15791: 15785: 15784: 15782: 15780: 15765: 15759: 15739: 15733: 15716: 15710: 15709: 15707: 15705: 15694: 15688: 15687: 15685: 15683: 15668: 15662: 15661: 15659: 15657: 15643: 15637: 15636: 15634: 15632: 15617: 15611: 15610: 15608: 15606: 15591: 15585: 15578: 15572: 15571: 15569: 15567: 15562:. 28 August 2022 15552: 15546: 15545: 15543: 15541: 15532:. Archived from 15526: 15520: 15519: 15517: 15515: 15500: 15494: 15493: 15491: 15489: 15474: 15468: 15467: 15465: 15463: 15448: 15442: 15441: 15439: 15437: 15422: 15416: 15415: 15408: 15402: 15401: 15399: 15397: 15381: 15375: 15374: 15356: 15350: 15349: 15347: 15345: 15330: 15324: 15323: 15311:978-92-6419079-5 15286: 15280: 15279: 15277: 15275: 15256: 15250: 15249: 15237:978-92-6419079-5 15212: 15206: 15205: 15203: 15201: 15190: 15184: 15183: 15181: 15179: 15163: 15157: 15156: 15154: 15152: 15137: 15131: 15125: 15119: 15118: 15116: 15114: 15099: 15093: 15092: 15084: 15078: 15077: 15075: 15073: 15058: 15052: 15051: 15049: 15047: 15042:on 6 August 2010 15041: 15035:. Archived from 15030: 15022: 15011: 15010: 15008: 15006: 14997:. Archived from 14986: 14980: 14967: 14961: 14960: 14958: 14956: 14942: 14936: 14935: 14933: 14924: 14918: 14917: 14915: 14906: 14900: 14899: 14897: 14895: 14881: 14875: 14874: 14872: 14870: 14856: 14850: 14849: 14847: 14845: 14829: 14823: 14821: 14819: 14817: 14803: 14797: 14791: 14785: 14784:Fraser Institute 14779: 14773: 14772: 14770: 14768: 14757: 14751: 14750: 14748: 14746: 14731: 14725: 14724: 14722: 14720: 14714: 14706: 14700: 14699: 14697: 14695: 14686:. Archived from 14676: 14670: 14669: 14667: 14665: 14654: 14648: 14647: 14645: 14643: 14638:on 8 August 2017 14628: 14622: 14621: 14619: 14617: 14606: 14600: 14599: 14597: 14595: 14590:. The World Bank 14580: 14574: 14573: 14571: 14569: 14554: 14548: 14547: 14545: 14543: 14528: 14522: 14521: 14519: 14517: 14502: 14496: 14495: 14493: 14491: 14480: 14474: 14473: 14471: 14469: 14450: 14444: 14434: 14428: 14427: 14425: 14423: 14411: 14405: 14404: 14402: 14400: 14388: 14379: 14378: 14376: 14374: 14368: 14361: 14353: 14347: 14346: 14344: 14342: 14327: 14321: 14320: 14318: 14316: 14301: 14295: 14294: 14292: 14290: 14276: 14270: 14269: 14267: 14265: 14256:. Archived from 14246: 14240: 14229: 14223: 14210: 14204: 14203: 14201: 14199: 14193: 14186: 14178: 14172: 14159: 14153: 14152: 14150: 14148: 14131: 14122: 14121: 14110: 14104: 14103: 14101: 14099: 14084: 14078: 14077: 14066: 14060: 14059: 14048: 14042: 14041: 14030: 14024: 14023: 14021: 14019: 14004: 13995: 13994: 13960: 13954: 13953: 13951: 13949: 13937: 13931: 13930: 13928: 13926: 13911: 13905: 13904: 13902: 13900: 13889: 13883: 13882: 13880: 13872: 13866: 13865: 13863: 13861: 13846: 13840: 13839: 13837: 13835: 13820: 13814: 13813: 13811: 13809: 13794: 13788: 13787: 13785: 13783: 13771: 13765: 13764: 13762: 13760: 13748: 13742: 13741: 13729: 13723: 13722: 13720: 13718: 13706: 13700: 13699: 13697: 13695: 13678: 13672: 13671: 13669: 13667: 13656: 13650: 13649: 13647: 13645: 13638:"Kaitse-eelarve" 13634: 13628: 13627: 13625: 13623: 13612: 13606: 13605: 13603: 13601: 13590: 13584: 13583: 13581: 13579: 13565: 13559: 13558: 13556: 13554: 13539: 13533: 13532: 13530: 13528: 13513: 13507: 13506: 13504: 13502: 13483: 13477: 13476: 13474: 13472: 13458: 13452: 13451: 13449: 13447: 13433: 13427: 13426: 13416: 13407: 13406: 13404: 13402: 13383: 13377: 13376: 13374: 13372: 13366: 13359: 13351: 13345: 13344: 13342: 13340: 13317: 13311: 13310: 13308: 13306: 13289: 13283: 13282: 13280: 13278: 13259: 13253: 13252: 13250: 13248: 13237: 13231: 13230: 13228: 13226: 13211: 13205: 13204: 13202: 13200: 13189: 13183: 13182: 13180: 13178: 13163: 13157: 13156: 13154: 13152: 13137: 13131: 13130: 13128: 13126: 13111: 13105: 13104: 13102: 13100: 13085: 13079: 13078: 13076: 13074: 13057: 13051: 13050: 13048: 13046: 13031: 13025: 13024: 13022: 13020: 13006: 12991: 12990: 12984: 12974: 12968: 12967: 12965: 12963: 12948: 12942: 12941: 12939: 12937: 12922: 12916: 12915: 12913: 12911: 12896: 12890: 12889: 12867: 12861: 12860: 12858: 12856: 12842: 12836: 12835: 12833: 12831: 12812: 12806: 12805: 12803: 12801: 12787: 12778: 12772: 12771: 12729: 12723: 12722: 12720: 12718: 12703: 12697: 12696: 12694: 12692: 12681: 12675: 12674: 12672: 12670: 12655: 12649: 12648: 12618: 12612: 12611: 12609: 12607: 12592: 12586: 12585: 12583: 12581: 12567: 12558: 12552: 12551: 12549: 12547: 12538:. Archived from 12527: 12521: 12515: 12509: 12508: 12506: 12504: 12495:. Archived from 12484: 12478: 12477: 12475: 12473: 12458: 12452: 12451: 12449: 12447: 12432: 12426: 12425: 12423: 12421: 12411: 12402: 12391: 12390: 12388: 12386: 12371: 12365: 12364: 12362: 12360: 12345: 12339: 12338: 12328: 12310: 12286: 12280: 12279: 12261: 12255: 12254: 12236: 12230: 12229: 12227: 12225: 12208: 12202: 12201: 12199: 12197: 12180: 12174: 12173: 12171: 12169: 12157: 12151: 12150: 12132: 12123: 12122: 12120: 12118: 12107: 12101: 12100: 12098: 12096: 12085: 12079: 12078: 12076: 12074: 12063: 12057: 12056: 12054: 12052: 12041: 12035: 12034: 12032: 12030: 12019: 12013: 12012: 12010: 12008: 11994: 11988: 11987: 11985: 11983: 11968: 11962: 11961: 11959: 11957: 11942: 11936: 11935: 11913: 11907: 11906: 11904: 11902: 11888: 11882: 11881: 11879: 11877: 11862: 11845: 11844: 11842: 11840: 11819: 11792: 11773: 11772: 11770: 11768: 11757: 11748: 11747: 11745: 11743: 11732: 11726: 11725: 11723: 11721: 11712:. Archived from 11706: 11700: 11699: 11688: 11682: 11681: 11670: 11664: 11663: 11652: 11646: 11645: 11627: 11621: 11620: 11618: 11616: 11605: 11599: 11598: 11580: 11574: 11573: 11567: 11563: 11561: 11553: 11541: 11535: 11534: 11523: 11517: 11516: 11498: 11492: 11491: 11473: 11467: 11466: 11448: 11442: 11441: 11423: 11417: 11416: 11398: 11392: 11391: 11367: 11361: 11360: 11342: 11336: 11335: 11317: 11311: 11310: 11292: 11286: 11285: 11267: 11261: 11260: 11242: 11236: 11235: 11217: 11211: 11210: 11192: 11186: 11185: 11183: 11181: 11175: 11158: 11152: 11151: 11133: 11127: 11126: 11108: 11102: 11101: 11083: 11077: 11076: 11074: 11072: 11049: 11043: 11042: 11040: 11038: 11015: 11009: 11008: 11006: 11004: 10999: 10979: 10970: 10964: 10963: 10945: 10936: 10935: 10917: 10911: 10910: 10892: 10886: 10885: 10867: 10861: 10860: 10842: 10836: 10835: 10817: 10811: 10810: 10792: 10786: 10785: 10767: 10761: 10760: 10742: 10733: 10732: 10714: 10708: 10707: 10689: 10683: 10682: 10681:on 29 June 2008. 10667: 10661: 10660: 10642: 10636: 10635: 10611: 10605: 10604: 10586: 10580: 10570: 10564: 10563: 10557: 10549: 10538: 10532: 10531: 10513: 10507: 10506: 10488: 10479: 10478: 10460: 10454: 10453: 10451: 10440: 10431: 10425: 10424: 10406: 10400: 10399: 10381: 10375: 10374: 10356: 10350: 10349: 10331: 10325: 10324: 10306: 10300: 10299: 10281: 10275: 10274: 10256: 10250: 10249: 10231: 10225: 10224: 10206: 10197: 10196: 10178: 10172: 10171: 10153: 10147: 10146: 10128: 10122: 10121: 10103: 10097: 10096: 10078: 10072: 10071: 10053: 10047: 10046: 10028: 10022: 10021: 10003: 9997: 9996: 9978: 9972: 9971: 9953: 9947: 9946: 9928: 9922: 9921: 9897: 9888: 9887: 9863: 9857: 9856: 9838: 9832: 9831: 9813: 9807: 9806: 9788: 9782: 9781: 9763: 9757: 9756: 9738: 9732: 9731: 9713: 9707: 9706: 9689: 9680: 9679: 9661: 9655: 9654: 9636: 9630: 9629: 9611: 9605: 9604: 9586: 9577: 9576: 9558: 9549: 9548: 9530: 9524: 9523: 9505: 9499: 9498: 9480: 9474: 9473: 9455: 9449: 9448: 9430: 9424: 9423: 9421: 9415:. Archived from 9414: 9406: 9400: 9399: 9381: 9375: 9374: 9356: 9350: 9349: 9331: 9325: 9324: 9306: 9300: 9299: 9281: 9275: 9274: 9256: 9250: 9249: 9231: 9225: 9224: 9206: 9200: 9199: 9181: 9175: 9174: 9153: 9147: 9146: 9128: 9119: 9118: 9100: 9094: 9093: 9075: 9069: 9068: 9044: 9033: 9032: 9014: 9008: 9007: 8986: 8980: 8979: 8961: 8955: 8954: 8930: 8924: 8923: 8905: 8899: 8898: 8880: 8874: 8873: 8855: 8849: 8848: 8830: 8824: 8823: 8805: 8799: 8798: 8780: 8774: 8773: 8755: 8749: 8748: 8730: 8724: 8723: 8705: 8699: 8698: 8680: 8674: 8673: 8655: 8649: 8648: 8621: 8615: 8614: 8612: 8610: 8595: 8589: 8588: 8570: 8564: 8563: 8542: 8536: 8535: 8517: 8511: 8510: 8508: 8506: 8492: 8483: 8477: 8476: 8458: 8447: 8446: 8444: 8442: 8428: 8422: 8403: 8397: 8396: 8378: 8372: 8371: 8353: 8347: 8346: 8328: 8322: 8321: 8319: 8317: 8288: 8279: 8273: 8272: 8270: 8268: 8254: 8248: 8247: 8223: 8217: 8216: 8198: 8192: 8191: 8173: 8167: 8166: 8148: 8142: 8141: 8123: 8117: 8116: 8098: 8092: 8091: 8073: 8067: 8066: 8064: 8062: 8047: 8038: 8037: 8015: 8009: 8008: 8006: 8004: 7990: 7981: 7975: 7974: 7972: 7970: 7935: 7929: 7919: 7913: 7912: 7886: 7880: 7879: 7868: 7862: 7861: 7859: 7857: 7842: 7836: 7835: 7824: 7818: 7817: 7806: 7800: 7799: 7788: 7782: 7781: 7773: 7765: 7759: 7758: 7741: 7735: 7734: 7732: 7730: 7720: 7714: 7713: 7702: 7693: 7692: 7680: 7671: 7670: 7668: 7666: 7652: 7643: 7642: 7631: 7622: 7621: 7619: 7617: 7611: 7600: 7592: 7586: 7585: 7583: 7581: 7563: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7537: 7522: 7521: 7519: 7517: 7506: 7497: 7496: 7489: 7483: 7482: 7480: 7478: 7467: 7458: 7457: 7455: 7453: 7434: 7428: 7427: 7420: 7414: 7411: 7405: 7401: 7395: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7384:Uralic Languages 7378: 7372: 7371: 7369: 7367: 7346: 7337: 7331: 7330: 7319: 7313: 7312: 7306: 7297: 7291: 7290: 7282: 7276: 7275: 7268: 7262: 7261: 7259: 7257: 7243: 7226: 7211: 7205: 7166: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7149: 7146: 7143: 7131: 7125: 7124: 7123: 7122: 7116: 7100: 7094: 7093: 7090: 7089: 7086: 7083: 7080: 7077: 7074: 7071: 7068: 7059: 7053: 7050: 7044: 7026: 6999: 6994: 6993: 6992: 6985: 6980: 6979: 6978: 6902:Sport in Estonia 6852:Estonian cuisine 6837: 6825: 6813: 6801: 6791: 6779: 6755: 6717: 6713:Independence Day 6705: 6687: 6686: 6678:Independence Day 6493:Media of Estonia 6349:Sturgill Simpson 6306:Maarja-Liis Ilus 6288:Estonia won the 6127: 6124: 6120: 6114:Saxo Grammaticus 6074:Music of Estonia 6042:self-sufficiency 6034:Everyman's right 5925:, mathematician 5876:national academy 5721:Noarootsi Parish 5598:Finnic languages 5596:Distribution of 5566:in Estonia (see 5482:A 2015 study by 5465:Eastern Orthodox 5390:Second World War 5350: 5340: 5330: 5320: 5313:Eastern Orthodox 5310: 5304: 4936: 4926: 4868: 4865:cities and towns 4852: 4851: 4758:Gini coefficient 4729:There is also a 4520:financial centre 4475:. Other notable 4265:As of 2013, the 4188:AS Eesti Raudtee 4081: 4079:[ˈkroːn] 4076: 4065:, the country's 4009:economic freedom 3985:World Bank Group 3972:economic freedom 3848:settlement units 3681:military service 3521:Nordic countries 3422:Building of the 3253: 3246: 3231: 3224: 3185:Centaurea cyanus 3117:flowing through 3033:European jackals 2928:Fauna of Estonia 2787:Estonian islands 2783:limestone cliffs 2694:and adopted the 2547:Legal continuity 2409:many volunteered 2375:was merged into 2373:occupied Estonia 2310:mass deportation 2282:Soviet Air Force 2260:. In the pact's 2149:Great Depression 2050:, the committee 2005:flags of Estonia 1939:Estonian theatre 1924:, and the first 1819:Printing presses 1815:Tartu University 1758:Duchy of Livonia 1754:Duchy of Estonia 1741:Russia (Muscovy) 1730:Poland–Lithuania 1637:Hanseatic League 1563:Duchy of Estonia 1462:Livonian Crusade 1420:Christianization 1225:Pulli settlement 1141: 1140: 1139: 1133: 1027:state continuity 825: 750: 726: 689: 688: 682: 681: 675: 664: 663: 657: 656: 650: 634: 633: 615: 614: 598: 582: 581: 563: 562: 546: 506: 505: 424: 409: 223: 203: 202: 200: 199: 198: 193: 189: 186: 185: 184: 181: 166:and largest city 137: 127: 126: 81: 67: 54: 46: 35: 34: 22218: 22217: 22213: 22212: 22211: 22209: 22208: 22207: 22133: 22132: 22123: 22121: 22117: 22114: 22109: 22106: 22104: 22102: 22101: 22099: 22094: 22093: 22088: 22057: 22011: 21937:North Macedonia 21768: 21707: 21702: 21672: 21667: 21666: 21664:UK–EU relations 21660:CH–EU relations 21647: 21492: 21483: 21434: 21430:Members of the 21428: 21398: 21393: 21392: 21377: 21368: 21225: 21216: 21186: 21181: 21075: 21069: 21039: 21034: 21007: 20995:Oceanic islands 20975: 20968:subject to the 20935: 20930:Svalbard Treaty 20928:subject to the 20910: 20903:subject to the 20883: 20881: 20879: 20864: 20819: 20788: 20763: 20760: 20752: 20738:Northern Cyprus 20721: 20718: 20710: 20701: 20617:North Macedonia 20438: 20429: 20399: 20394: 20366: 20320: 20279: 20268:Defence College 20245:Baltic Assembly 20233: 20205: 20196: 20131:by Nazi Germany 20084: 20073: 20071: 20060: 20058: 20047: 20045: 20037: 20032: 19997: 19989: 19984: 19971: 19964: 19957: 19944: 19920:Public holidays 19800: 19734: 19663: 19652: 19624:Law enforcement 19560: 19546:Protected areas 19498: 19428:Interwar period 19421:Battle of Võnnu 19396:Russian Livonia 19391:Russian Estonia 19381:Swedish Estonia 19341:Ancient Estonia 19315: 19306: 19268: 19257: 19202:Wayback Machine 19191: 19173: 19164: 19135:Wayback Machine 19124: 19116:Wayback Machine 19080: 19075: 19070: 19064: 19045: 19026: 19012:Taagepera, Rein 19004: 18982: 18961: 18942: 18923: 18885: 18863: 18812: 18806: 18795: 18782: 18743: 18741:Further reading 18738: 18737: 18727: 18725: 18717: 18716: 18712: 18702: 18700: 18692: 18691: 18687: 18677: 18675: 18665: 18661: 18651: 18649: 18639: 18635: 18624: 18622: 18613: 18612: 18608: 18598: 18596: 18587: 18586: 18582: 18569: 18567: 18562: 18561: 18557: 18547: 18545: 18537: 18536: 18532: 18522: 18520: 18512: 18511: 18507: 18497: 18495: 18486: 18485: 18481: 18471: 18469: 18461: 18460: 18456: 18446: 18444: 18436: 18435: 18431: 18421: 18419: 18411: 18410: 18406: 18401:. 24 July 2024. 18397: 18396: 18392: 18383: 18382: 18378: 18371: 18355: 18351: 18344: 18328: 18324: 18314: 18312: 18311:on 3 March 2016 18303: 18302: 18298: 18288: 18286: 18277: 18276: 18272: 18266:Wayback Machine 18257: 18253: 18249:at google.books 18245: 18241: 18218: 18214: 18208:Wayback Machine 18199: 18195: 18187: 18183: 18177:Vaba Eesti Sõna 18170: 18166: 18155: 18151: 18144: 18134:Tiidu the Piper 18132: 18131: 18127: 18120: 18104: 18100: 18090: 18088: 18080: 18079: 18075: 18066: 18065: 18061: 18051: 18049: 18040: 18039: 18035: 18025: 18023: 18018: 18017: 18013: 18003: 18001: 17988: 17987: 17983: 17977:Wayback Machine 17968: 17964: 17948: 17944: 17934: 17932: 17930: 17906: 17902: 17895: 17879: 17875: 17863: 17859: 17851: 17847: 17839: 17835: 17825: 17823: 17815: 17814: 17810: 17797: 17796: 17792: 17782: 17780: 17772: 17771: 17767: 17755: 17754: 17745: 17744: 17737: 17735: 17733: 17709: 17705: 17695: 17693: 17688: 17687: 17683: 17668: 17664: 17657: 17641: 17637: 17627: 17625: 17616: 17615: 17611: 17601: 17599: 17586: 17585: 17581: 17571: 17569: 17565: 17564: 17560: 17550: 17548: 17544: 17543: 17539: 17531: 17527: 17526: 17522: 17509: 17508: 17504: 17491: 17490: 17486: 17475: 17473: 17472:on 17 June 2009 17464: 17463: 17459: 17449: 17447: 17442: 17441: 17437: 17428: 17427: 17423: 17413: 17411: 17406: 17405: 17401: 17388: 17387: 17383: 17375: 17371: 17370: 17366: 17356: 17354: 17353:on 3 March 2016 17345: 17344: 17340: 17330: 17328: 17319: 17318: 17314: 17304: 17302: 17297: 17296: 17292: 17284: 17280: 17270: 17268: 17263: 17262: 17258: 17248: 17246: 17241: 17240: 17236: 17226: 17224: 17222: 17206: 17202: 17192: 17190: 17185: 17184: 17180: 17170: 17168: 17158: 17154: 17144: 17142: 17131: 17127: 17117: 17115: 17110: 17109: 17105: 17089: 17088: 17081: 17079: 17069: 17065: 17055: 17053: 17044: 17043: 17039: 17029: 17027: 17026:on 5 March 2016 17018: 17017: 17013: 17001: 16997: 16987: 16985: 16980: 16979: 16975: 16965: 16963: 16959: 16952: 16948: 16947: 16943: 16932: 16930: 16926: 16909: 16905: 16904: 16895: 16884: 16882: 16875: 16871: 16861: 16859: 16855: 16848: 16846:"Social Values" 16844: 16843: 16839: 16835:Article 40.–42. 16831: 16827: 16817: 16815: 16810: 16809: 16805: 16794: 16775: 16771: 16757: 16755: 16745: 16741: 16730: 16716: 16712: 16702: 16700: 16687: 16686: 16682: 16672: 16670: 16661: 16660: 16656: 16646: 16644: 16636: 16635: 16631: 16621: 16619: 16609: 16605: 16599:Wayback Machine 16590: 16586: 16574: 16570: 16560: 16558: 16548: 16544: 16531: 16530: 16526: 16514: 16510: 16500: 16498: 16489: 16488: 16484: 16474: 16472: 16467: 16466: 16462: 16452: 16450: 16441: 16440: 16436: 16430:Wayback Machine 16421: 16417: 16407: 16405: 16394: 16393: 16389: 16370: 16366: 16356: 16354: 16346: 16345: 16341: 16334: 16318: 16314: 16304: 16302: 16292: 16288: 16275: 16274: 16270: 16261: 16260: 16256: 16246: 16244: 16235: 16234: 16227: 16217: 16215: 16210: 16209: 16205: 16195: 16193: 16192:on 25 July 2017 16180: 16179: 16175: 16159: 16158: 16151: 16149: 16138: 16134: 16124: 16122: 16117: 16116: 16112: 16102: 16100: 16095: 16094: 16083: 16073: 16071: 16070:on 15 July 2019 16062: 16061: 16057: 16047: 16045: 16037: 16036: 16032: 16022: 16020: 16011: 16010: 16006: 15996: 15994: 15992:Startup Estonia 15986: 15985: 15981: 15971: 15969: 15960: 15959: 15955: 15945: 15943: 15932: 15928: 15920: 15916: 15906: 15904: 15899: 15898: 15894: 15884: 15882: 15877: 15876: 15872: 15862: 15860: 15859:on 22 July 2011 15847: 15846: 15842: 15832: 15830: 15825: 15824: 15820: 15810: 15808: 15804: 15797: 15793: 15792: 15788: 15778: 15776: 15767: 15766: 15762: 15755:Eesti Päevaleht 15750:Wayback Machine 15740: 15736: 15731:Wayback Machine 15717: 15713: 15703: 15701: 15696: 15695: 15691: 15681: 15679: 15669: 15665: 15655: 15653: 15645: 15644: 15640: 15630: 15628: 15618: 15614: 15604: 15602: 15593: 15592: 15588: 15579: 15575: 15565: 15563: 15554: 15553: 15549: 15539: 15537: 15528: 15527: 15523: 15513: 15511: 15502: 15501: 15497: 15487: 15485: 15475: 15471: 15461: 15459: 15450: 15449: 15445: 15435: 15433: 15423: 15419: 15410: 15409: 15405: 15395: 15393: 15382: 15378: 15371: 15357: 15353: 15343: 15341: 15332: 15331: 15327: 15312: 15287: 15283: 15273: 15271: 15258: 15257: 15253: 15238: 15213: 15209: 15199: 15197: 15192: 15191: 15187: 15177: 15175: 15164: 15160: 15150: 15148: 15139: 15138: 15134: 15126: 15122: 15112: 15110: 15101: 15100: 15096: 15085: 15081: 15071: 15069: 15060: 15059: 15055: 15045: 15043: 15039: 15028: 15024: 15023: 15014: 15004: 15002: 15001:on 10 July 2011 14987: 14983: 14977:Wayback Machine 14968: 14964: 14954: 14952: 14944: 14943: 14939: 14931: 14925: 14921: 14913: 14907: 14903: 14893: 14891: 14883: 14882: 14878: 14868: 14866: 14858: 14857: 14853: 14843: 14841: 14831: 14830: 14826: 14815: 14813: 14805: 14804: 14800: 14792: 14788: 14780: 14776: 14766: 14764: 14759: 14758: 14754: 14744: 14742: 14733: 14732: 14728: 14718: 14716: 14712: 14708: 14707: 14703: 14693: 14691: 14690:on 28 June 2011 14678: 14677: 14673: 14663: 14661: 14656: 14655: 14651: 14641: 14639: 14630: 14629: 14625: 14615: 14613: 14608: 14607: 14603: 14593: 14591: 14582: 14581: 14577: 14567: 14565: 14556: 14555: 14551: 14541: 14539: 14530: 14529: 14525: 14515: 14513: 14504: 14503: 14499: 14489: 14487: 14482: 14481: 14477: 14467: 14465: 14452: 14451: 14447: 14435: 14431: 14421: 14419: 14412: 14408: 14398: 14396: 14389: 14382: 14372: 14370: 14369:on 11 July 2009 14366: 14359: 14355: 14354: 14350: 14340: 14338: 14329: 14328: 14324: 14314: 14312: 14303: 14302: 14298: 14288: 14286: 14280:"Muuga Harbour" 14278: 14277: 14273: 14263: 14261: 14248: 14247: 14243: 14235:". (PDF). p.9. 14230: 14226: 14220:Wayback Machine 14211: 14207: 14197: 14195: 14191: 14184: 14180: 14179: 14175: 14169:Wayback Machine 14160: 14156: 14146: 14144: 14132: 14125: 14112: 14111: 14107: 14097: 14095: 14085: 14081: 14076:. 24 July 2020. 14068: 14067: 14063: 14050: 14049: 14045: 14032: 14031: 14027: 14017: 14015: 14006: 14005: 13998: 13991: 13961: 13957: 13947: 13945: 13938: 13934: 13924: 13922: 13913: 13912: 13908: 13898: 13896: 13891: 13890: 13886: 13878: 13874: 13873: 13869: 13859: 13857: 13848: 13847: 13843: 13833: 13831: 13821: 13817: 13807: 13805: 13796: 13795: 13791: 13781: 13779: 13772: 13768: 13758: 13756: 13749: 13745: 13730: 13726: 13716: 13714: 13707: 13703: 13693: 13691: 13688:The Irish Times 13679: 13675: 13665: 13663: 13658: 13657: 13653: 13643: 13641: 13636: 13635: 13631: 13621: 13619: 13614: 13613: 13609: 13599: 13597: 13592: 13591: 13587: 13577: 13575: 13567: 13566: 13562: 13552: 13550: 13541: 13540: 13536: 13526: 13524: 13515: 13514: 13510: 13500: 13498: 13485: 13484: 13480: 13470: 13468: 13460: 13459: 13455: 13445: 13443: 13435: 13434: 13430: 13417: 13410: 13400: 13398: 13384: 13380: 13370: 13368: 13364: 13357: 13353: 13352: 13348: 13338: 13336: 13334: 13318: 13314: 13304: 13302: 13299:The Irish Times 13290: 13286: 13276: 13274: 13261: 13260: 13256: 13246: 13244: 13239: 13238: 13234: 13224: 13222: 13213: 13212: 13208: 13198: 13196: 13191: 13190: 13186: 13176: 13174: 13165: 13164: 13160: 13150: 13148: 13139: 13138: 13134: 13124: 13122: 13113: 13112: 13108: 13098: 13096: 13087: 13086: 13082: 13072: 13070: 13059: 13058: 13054: 13044: 13042: 13033: 13032: 13028: 13018: 13016: 13008: 13007: 12994: 12975: 12971: 12961: 12959: 12950: 12949: 12945: 12935: 12933: 12923: 12919: 12909: 12907: 12897: 12893: 12886: 12868: 12864: 12854: 12852: 12844: 12843: 12839: 12829: 12827: 12813: 12809: 12799: 12797: 12785: 12779: 12775: 12768: 12744:. p. 889. 12730: 12726: 12716: 12714: 12713:. 17 April 2023 12709:(in Estonian). 12705: 12704: 12700: 12690: 12688: 12683: 12682: 12678: 12668: 12666: 12657: 12656: 12652: 12645: 12619: 12615: 12605: 12603: 12593: 12589: 12579: 12577: 12565: 12559: 12555: 12545: 12543: 12528: 12524: 12516: 12512: 12502: 12500: 12485: 12481: 12471: 12469: 12460: 12459: 12455: 12445: 12443: 12434: 12433: 12429: 12419: 12417: 12409: 12403: 12394: 12384: 12382: 12373: 12372: 12368: 12358: 12356: 12347: 12346: 12342: 12287: 12283: 12276: 12262: 12258: 12251: 12237: 12233: 12223: 12221: 12209: 12205: 12195: 12193: 12182: 12181: 12177: 12167: 12165: 12158: 12154: 12147: 12133: 12126: 12116: 12114: 12109: 12108: 12104: 12094: 12092: 12087: 12086: 12082: 12072: 12070: 12065: 12064: 12060: 12050: 12048: 12043: 12042: 12038: 12028: 12026: 12021: 12020: 12016: 12006: 12004: 11996: 11995: 11991: 11981: 11979: 11970: 11969: 11965: 11955: 11953: 11948:(in Estonian). 11944: 11943: 11939: 11932: 11914: 11910: 11900: 11898: 11890: 11889: 11885: 11875: 11873: 11872:. 15 March 2021 11864: 11863: 11848: 11838: 11836: 11810:(42): 284–291. 11793: 11776: 11766: 11764: 11759: 11758: 11751: 11741: 11739: 11734: 11733: 11729: 11719: 11717: 11716:on 4 March 2018 11708: 11707: 11703: 11690: 11689: 11685: 11672: 11671: 11667: 11660:Estonia in OECD 11654: 11653: 11649: 11642: 11628: 11624: 11614: 11612: 11607: 11606: 11602: 11595: 11581: 11577: 11565: 11564: 11555: 11554: 11542: 11538: 11531:www.thelocal.se 11525: 11524: 11520: 11513: 11499: 11495: 11488: 11474: 11470: 11463: 11449: 11445: 11438: 11424: 11420: 11413: 11399: 11395: 11388: 11368: 11364: 11357: 11343: 11339: 11332: 11318: 11314: 11307: 11293: 11289: 11282: 11268: 11264: 11257: 11243: 11239: 11232: 11218: 11214: 11207: 11193: 11189: 11179: 11177: 11173: 11159: 11155: 11148: 11134: 11130: 11123: 11109: 11105: 11098: 11084: 11080: 11070: 11068: 11066: 11050: 11046: 11036: 11034: 11032: 11016: 11012: 11002: 11000: 10977: 10971: 10967: 10960: 10946: 10939: 10932: 10918: 10914: 10907: 10893: 10889: 10882: 10868: 10864: 10857: 10843: 10839: 10832: 10818: 10814: 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9531: 9527: 9520: 9506: 9502: 9495: 9481: 9477: 9470: 9456: 9452: 9445: 9431: 9427: 9419: 9412: 9408: 9407: 9403: 9396: 9382: 9378: 9371: 9357: 9353: 9346: 9332: 9328: 9321: 9307: 9303: 9296: 9282: 9278: 9271: 9257: 9253: 9246: 9232: 9228: 9221: 9207: 9203: 9196: 9182: 9178: 9171: 9157:Stone, David R. 9154: 9150: 9143: 9129: 9122: 9115: 9101: 9097: 9090: 9076: 9072: 9065: 9045: 9036: 9029: 9015: 9011: 9004: 8990:Raudkivi, Priit 8987: 8983: 8976: 8962: 8958: 8951: 8931: 8927: 8920: 8906: 8902: 8895: 8881: 8877: 8870: 8856: 8852: 8845: 8831: 8827: 8820: 8806: 8802: 8795: 8781: 8777: 8770: 8756: 8752: 8745: 8731: 8727: 8720: 8706: 8702: 8695: 8681: 8677: 8670: 8656: 8652: 8645: 8622: 8618: 8608: 8606: 8604:Eesti Päevaleht 8602:(in Estonian). 8596: 8592: 8585: 8571: 8567: 8560: 8543: 8539: 8532: 8518: 8514: 8504: 8502: 8490: 8484: 8480: 8473: 8459: 8450: 8440: 8438: 8429: 8425: 8419:Wayback Machine 8404: 8400: 8393: 8379: 8375: 8368: 8354: 8350: 8343: 8329: 8325: 8315: 8313: 8286: 8280: 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H. Tammsaare 6373: 6367: 6361: 6296:" performed by 6125: 6090: 6076: 6070: 5989: 5983: 5977: 5949:, psychologist 5935:Nikolay Pirogov 5915:Wilhelm Ostwald 5791:Gustav II Adolf 5775: 5761: 5743: 5710:Ida-Viru county 5667:standard German 5602:Northern Europe 5590: 5584: 5523:national church 5423:least religious 5355: 5354: 5353: 5352: 5348: 5346: 5338: 5336: 5328: 5326: 5318: 5316: 5308: 5306: 5302: 5294: 5288: 5283: 4937: 4931: 4927: 4873: 4872: 4869: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4842:Gulf of Finland 4838: 4831: 4753: 4739: 4723:Ingrian Finnish 4715:rannarootslased 4572: 4566: 4511: 4505: 4421:Olkiluoto plant 4375:sulphur dioxide 4367:mining industry 4360:Ida-Viru county 4344: 4330: 4259: 4169:Port of Tallinn 4165: 4159: 4111:Milton Friedman 4096:Norwegian krone 4074: 4063:Bank of Estonia 4045: 4029:maternity leave 4013:civil liberties 3968: 3943:Because of the 3885:quality of life 3880:, ranked 40th. 3862: 3856: 3810: 3790:Main articles: 3788: 3731:, since 2017 a 3719:Estonia joined 3653: 3645:Main articles: 3643: 3592:Andres Kasekamp 3525:Baltic Assembly 3474: 3466:Main articles: 3464: 3444:second instance 3416: 3410: 3402:Main articles: 3400: 3264: 3263: 3262: 3261: 3260: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3239: 3238: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3214: 3202:Main articles: 3200: 3191:Protected areas 2934: 2926:Main articles: 2924: 2904: 2898: 2856:Northern Europe 2852: 2776:territorial sea 2752:Gulf of Finland 2728: 2722: 2661:MS Estonia sank 2603:Phosphorite war 2569: 2563: 2500:Forest Brothers 2485: 2473:Main articles: 2471: 2455:Estonian Swedes 2436:against Tallinn 2424:Estonian Swedes 2413:against Soviets 2405:German military 2397:volunteer units 2326:Forest Brothers 2262:secret protocol 2226: 2218:Main articles: 2216: 2180:larger alliance 2157:Konstantin Päts 2107:major offensive 2054:and formed the 1997: 1985:Main articles: 1983: 1962:1905 Revolution 1955:Konstantin Päts 1897:Perno Postimees 1868: 1862: 1823:Bengt Forselius 1807:Gustaf II Adolf 1769:gaining Livonia 1687: 1677:Swedish Estonia 1675:Main articles: 1673: 1472: 1460:Main articles: 1458: 1275:middle Iron Age 1206: 1200:Ancient Estonia 1198:Main articles: 1196: 1191: 1185: 1135: 1134: 1115: 1113:Name of Estonia 1109: 1093:quality of life 1070:sovereign state 996:; first by the 982:interwar period 851:Gulf of Finland 847:Northern Europe 828: 745: 742: 721: 686: 685: 684: 673: 661: 660: 659: 648: 627: 608: 596: 575: 556: 540: 524: 514: 499: 482: 468: 447: 434: 422: 419: 407: 404: 390: 351: 336: 298: 268: 256: 221: 196: 194: 190: 187: 182: 179: 177: 175: 174: 173: 167: 159: 158: 147: 128: 109: 106: 104: 98: 89: 88: 87: 82: 74: 73: 68: 55: 48: 40: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 22216: 22206: 22205: 22200: 22195: 22190: 22185: 22180: 22175: 22170: 22165: 22160: 22155: 22150: 22145: 22096: 22095: 22090: 22089: 22087: 22086: 22081: 22076: 22071: 22065: 22063: 22062:Former members 22059: 22058: 22056: 22055: 22050: 22045: 22040: 22035: 22030: 22025: 22019: 22017: 22013: 22012: 22010: 22009: 22007:United Kingdom 22004: 21999: 21994: 21989: 21984: 21979: 21974: 21969: 21964: 21959: 21954: 21949: 21944: 21939: 21934: 21929: 21924: 21919: 21914: 21909: 21904: 21899: 21894: 21889: 21884: 21879: 21874: 21869: 21864: 21859: 21854: 21849: 21844: 21839: 21834: 21832:Czech Republic 21829: 21824: 21819: 21814: 21809: 21804: 21799: 21794: 21789: 21784: 21778: 21776: 21770: 21769: 21767: 21766: 21764:Pompidou Group 21761: 21756: 21751: 21746: 21741: 21736: 21731: 21726: 21721: 21715: 21713: 21709: 21708: 21701: 21700: 21693: 21686: 21678: 21669: 21668: 21652: 21649: 21648: 21646: 21645: 21640: 21635: 21630: 21625: 21620: 21615: 21610: 21605: 21600: 21595: 21590: 21585: 21580: 21575: 21570: 21565: 21560: 21555: 21550: 21545: 21540: 21538:Czech Republic 21535: 21530: 21518: 21513: 21508: 21502: 21500: 21494: 21493: 21486: 21484: 21482: 21481: 21469: 21457: 21444: 21442: 21436: 21435: 21427: 21426: 21419: 21412: 21404: 21395: 21394: 21390:Former members 21382: 21379: 21378: 21371: 21369: 21367: 21366: 21361: 21356: 21351: 21346: 21341: 21336: 21331: 21326: 21321: 21316: 21311: 21306: 21301: 21296: 21291: 21286: 21281: 21276: 21271: 21266: 21261: 21259:Czech Republic 21256: 21251: 21246: 21241: 21236: 21230: 21227: 21226: 21223:European Union 21215: 21214: 21207: 21200: 21192: 21183: 21182: 21180: 21179: 21174: 21173: 21172: 21167: 21157: 21156: 21155: 21150: 21145: 21135: 21130: 21125: 21124: 21123: 21118: 21108: 21107: 21106: 21101: 21091: 21086: 21080: 21077: 21076: 21068: 21067: 21060: 21053: 21045: 21036: 21035: 21033: 21032: 21020: 21006: 21005: 20998: 20992: 20989: 20985: 20984: 20981: 20980: 20977: 20976: 20974: 20973: 20959: 20954: 20949: 20943: 20941: 20940:United Kingdom 20937: 20936: 20934: 20933: 20918: 20916: 20912: 20911: 20909: 20908: 20893: 20891: 20884: 20877: 20874: 20873: 20870: 20869: 20866: 20865: 20863: 20862: 20857: 20852: 20851: 20850: 20845: 20840: 20829: 20827: 20821: 20820: 20818: 20817: 20807: 20800: 20794: 20793:United Kingdom 20790: 20789: 20787: 20786: 20785: 20784: 20773: 20771: 20764: 20757: 20754: 20753: 20751: 20750: 20745: 20740: 20735: 20730: 20724: 20722: 20715: 20712: 20711: 20704: 20702: 20700: 20699: 20694: 20692:United Kingdom 20689: 20684: 20679: 20674: 20669: 20664: 20659: 20654: 20649: 20644: 20639: 20634: 20629: 20624: 20619: 20614: 20609: 20604: 20599: 20594: 20589: 20584: 20579: 20574: 20569: 20564: 20559: 20554: 20549: 20544: 20539: 20534: 20529: 20524: 20519: 20514: 20509: 20507:Czech Republic 20504: 20499: 20494: 20489: 20484: 20479: 20474: 20469: 20464: 20459: 20454: 20448: 20446: 20440: 20439: 20428: 20427: 20420: 20413: 20405: 20396: 20395: 20393: 20392: 20382: 20371: 20368: 20367: 20365: 20364: 20363: 20362: 20357: 20349: 20344: 20339: 20334: 20328: 20326: 20322: 20321: 20319: 20318: 20317: 20316: 20311: 20303: 20301:Housing bubble 20298: 20293: 20287: 20285: 20281: 20280: 20278: 20277: 20276: 20275: 20273:Naval Squadron 20270: 20265: 20260: 20252: 20247: 20241: 20239: 20235: 20234: 20232: 20231: 20229:National parks 20226: 20225: 20224: 20217:Largest cities 20213: 20211: 20207: 20206: 20199: 20197: 20195: 20194: 20193: 20192: 20187: 20182: 20177: 20167: 20166: 20165: 20155: 20154: 20153: 20148: 20140: 20139: 20138: 20133: 20128: 20123: 20118: 20108: 20103: 20101:Baltic Entente 20098: 20092: 20090: 20086: 20085: 20083: 20082: 20069: 20056: 20042: 20039: 20038: 20031: 20030: 20023: 20016: 20008: 20002: 19999: 19998: 19986: 19985: 19983: 19982: 19977: 19970: 19969: 19962: 19954: 19953: 19950: 19949: 19946: 19945: 19943: 19942: 19937: 19932: 19927: 19922: 19917: 19912: 19907: 19902: 19897: 19892: 19887: 19886: 19885: 19878: 19866: 19861: 19856: 19851: 19846: 19844:Estonian names 19841: 19836: 19831: 19826: 19821: 19816: 19810: 19808: 19802: 19801: 19799: 19798: 19793: 19788: 19783: 19778: 19773: 19768: 19763: 19758: 19752: 19746: 19740: 19739: 19736: 19735: 19733: 19732: 19727: 19722: 19717: 19712: 19710:Stock exchange 19707: 19702: 19697: 19692: 19687: 19681: 19675: 19669: 19668: 19665: 19664: 19662: 19661: 19656: 19646: 19644:Prime Minister 19641: 19636: 19631: 19626: 19621: 19616: 19615: 19614: 19604: 19599: 19594: 19589: 19584: 19578: 19572: 19566: 19565: 19562: 19561: 19559: 19558: 19553: 19548: 19543: 19538: 19533: 19528: 19523: 19521:Extreme points 19518: 19512: 19506: 19500: 19499: 19497: 19496: 19491: 19486: 19481: 19475: 19474: 19469: 19468: 19467: 19462: 19460:Ants Kaljurand 19452: 19447: 19446: 19445: 19435: 19433:Era of Silence 19430: 19425: 19424: 19423: 19413: 19408: 19403: 19398: 19393: 19388: 19383: 19378: 19376:Polish Livonia 19373: 19368: 19366:Baltic Germans 19363: 19361:Livonian Order 19358: 19353: 19351:Danish Estonia 19348: 19343: 19338: 19337: 19336: 19325: 19323: 19317: 19316: 19305: 19304: 19297: 19290: 19282: 19276: 19275: 19265: 19239: 19230: 19225: 19209: 19204: 19190: 19187: 19186: 19185: 19170: 19163: 19160: 19159: 19158: 19147: 19142: 19137: 19123: 19120: 19119: 19118: 19106: 19101: 19096: 19091: 19086: 19079: 19076: 19074: 19073:External links 19071: 19069: 19068: 19062: 19049: 19043: 19030: 19024: 19008: 19002: 18992:, ed. (2004). 18986: 18980: 18965: 18959: 18946: 18940: 18927: 18921: 18906: 18889: 18883: 18871:Lieven, Anatol 18867: 18861: 18845: 18835:Chisholm, Hugh 18817: 18815:on 3 May 2011. 18804: 18786: 18780: 18767: 18744: 18742: 18739: 18736: 18735: 18710: 18685: 18659: 18633: 18606: 18580: 18555: 18530: 18505: 18479: 18454: 18429: 18404: 18390: 18376: 18369: 18349: 18342: 18322: 18296: 18270: 18251: 18239: 18212: 18193: 18181: 18164: 18149: 18142: 18125: 18118: 18098: 18073: 18059: 18033: 18011: 17981: 17962: 17942: 17928: 17900: 17893: 17873: 17857: 17845: 17833: 17808: 17790: 17765: 17756:|website= 17731: 17703: 17681: 17662: 17655: 17635: 17624:on 9 July 2009 17609: 17579: 17558: 17537: 17520: 17517:. 28 May 2020. 17502: 17484: 17457: 17435: 17421: 17399: 17381: 17364: 17338: 17312: 17290: 17278: 17256: 17234: 17220: 17200: 17178: 17152: 17133:Kaasik, Ahto. 17125: 17103: 17063: 17037: 17011: 16995: 16973: 16962:on 13 May 2017 16941: 16893: 16869: 16858:on 24 May 2006 16837: 16825: 16803: 16792: 16769: 16739: 16728: 16710: 16680: 16654: 16629: 16603: 16584: 16568: 16556:Estonian World 16542: 16539:. 4 July 2017. 16524: 16508: 16482: 16460: 16443:"Töötuse määr" 16434: 16415: 16387: 16364: 16339: 16332: 16312: 16286: 16268: 16254: 16225: 16203: 16173: 16132: 16110: 16081: 16055: 16030: 16004: 15979: 15968:. 11 July 2013 15953: 15926: 15914: 15892: 15870: 15840: 15818: 15786: 15775:on 14 May 2011 15760: 15734: 15711: 15689: 15663: 15638: 15612: 15586: 15573: 15547: 15521: 15495: 15469: 15443: 15431:Estonian World 15417: 15403: 15392:on 13 May 2012 15376: 15369: 15351: 15325: 15310: 15281: 15251: 15236: 15207: 15185: 15158: 15145:Estonian World 15132: 15120: 15094: 15079: 15053: 15012: 14981: 14962: 14937: 14919: 14901: 14876: 14851: 14824: 14798: 14786: 14774: 14752: 14726: 14701: 14671: 14658:"Trace Matrix" 14649: 14623: 14601: 14588:Doing Business 14575: 14549: 14523: 14497: 14475: 14445: 14429: 14406: 14380: 14348: 14322: 14296: 14284:Tallinna Sadam 14271: 14241: 14224: 14205: 14173: 14154: 14123: 14105: 14079: 14061: 14043: 14025: 13996: 13989: 13955: 13932: 13906: 13884: 13867: 13856:. 26 June 2018 13841: 13815: 13789: 13766: 13743: 13738:Estonian World 13724: 13701: 13673: 13651: 13629: 13607: 13585: 13573:Estonian World 13560: 13547:Foreign Policy 13534: 13508: 13478: 13453: 13428: 13408: 13397:on 11 May 2011 13378: 13346: 13332: 13312: 13284: 13254: 13232: 13206: 13184: 13158: 13132: 13121:on 11 May 2012 13106: 13080: 13052: 13026: 12992: 12969: 12943: 12917: 12891: 12884: 12878:. p. 12. 12876:Berghahn Books 12862: 12837: 12807: 12773: 12766: 12724: 12698: 12687:. 6 March 2023 12676: 12665:. 6 March 2023 12650: 12643: 12613: 12587: 12553: 12522: 12510: 12479: 12453: 12427: 12392: 12381:. 13 July 2021 12366: 12340: 12301:(6): 534–545. 12281: 12274: 12256: 12249: 12231: 12203: 12192:. 3 April 2013 12175: 12152: 12145: 12124: 12102: 12080: 12058: 12036: 12014: 11989: 11963: 11937: 11930: 11908: 11883: 11846: 11774: 11749: 11727: 11701: 11683: 11665: 11647: 11640: 11622: 11600: 11593: 11575: 11536: 11518: 11511: 11493: 11486: 11468: 11461: 11443: 11436: 11418: 11411: 11393: 11386: 11362: 11355: 11337: 11330: 11312: 11305: 11287: 11280: 11262: 11255: 11237: 11230: 11212: 11205: 11187: 11153: 11146: 11128: 11121: 11103: 11096: 11078: 11064: 11044: 11030: 11010: 10965: 10958: 10937: 10930: 10912: 10905: 10887: 10880: 10862: 10855: 10837: 10830: 10812: 10805: 10787: 10780: 10762: 10755: 10734: 10727: 10709: 10702: 10684: 10662: 10655: 10637: 10630: 10606: 10599: 10581: 10565: 10533: 10526: 10508: 10501: 10480: 10473: 10455: 10426: 10419: 10401: 10394: 10376: 10369: 10351: 10344: 10326: 10319: 10301: 10294: 10276: 10269: 10251: 10244: 10226: 10219: 10198: 10191: 10173: 10166: 10148: 10141: 10123: 10116: 10098: 10091: 10073: 10066: 10048: 10041: 10023: 10016: 9998: 9991: 9973: 9966: 9948: 9941: 9923: 9916: 9889: 9882: 9858: 9851: 9833: 9826: 9808: 9801: 9783: 9776: 9758: 9751: 9733: 9726: 9708: 9701: 9681: 9674: 9656: 9649: 9631: 9624: 9606: 9599: 9578: 9571: 9550: 9543: 9525: 9518: 9500: 9493: 9475: 9468: 9450: 9443: 9425: 9401: 9394: 9376: 9369: 9351: 9344: 9326: 9319: 9301: 9294: 9276: 9269: 9251: 9244: 9226: 9219: 9201: 9194: 9176: 9169: 9148: 9141: 9120: 9113: 9095: 9088: 9070: 9063: 9034: 9027: 9009: 9002: 8981: 8974: 8956: 8949: 8925: 8918: 8900: 8893: 8875: 8868: 8850: 8843: 8825: 8818: 8800: 8793: 8775: 8768: 8750: 8743: 8725: 8718: 8700: 8693: 8675: 8668: 8650: 8643: 8616: 8590: 8583: 8565: 8558: 8537: 8530: 8512: 8478: 8471: 8448: 8423: 8398: 8391: 8373: 8366: 8348: 8341: 8323: 8274: 8249: 8242: 8218: 8211: 8193: 8186: 8168: 8161: 8143: 8136: 8118: 8111: 8093: 8086: 8068: 8039: 8032: 8010: 7976: 7954: 7948:. p. 31. 7930: 7914: 7907: 7881: 7863: 7837: 7819: 7801: 7783: 7760: 7736: 7715: 7694: 7689:stats.oecd.org 7672: 7644: 7639:Unstats.un.org 7623: 7587: 7571:EU-SILC survey 7558: 7523: 7498: 7484: 7459: 7429: 7415: 7406: 7396: 7373: 7332: 7314: 7292: 7277: 7263: 7237: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7228: 7227: 7206: 7182:United Nations 7178:Central Europe 7158: 7138:Eesti Vabariik 7126: 7054: 7045: 7030:South Estonian 7020: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7013: 7012: 7007: 7001: 7000: 6986: 6983:Estonia portal 6970: 6967: 6900:Main article: 6897: 6894: 6850:Main article: 6847: 6844: 6841: 6840: 6835: 6829: 6828: 6823: 6817: 6816: 6811: 6805: 6804: 6799: 6795: 6794: 6789: 6783: 6782: 6777: 6771: 6770: 6765: 6759: 6758: 6753: 6747: 6746: 6741: 6735: 6734: 6727: 6721: 6720: 6715: 6709: 6708: 6703: 6701:New Year's Day 6697: 6696: 6693: 6666:Main article: 6663: 6660: 6635:Main article: 6632: 6629: 6616: 6613: 6491:Main article: 6488: 6485: 6469:Jaan Kaplinski 6363:Main article: 6360: 6357: 6334:Urban Symphony 6143:shared by all 6072:Main article: 6069: 6066: 6046:summer cottage 6030:egalitarianism 5979:Main article: 5976: 5973: 5957:, semiotician 5955:Risto Näätänen 5947:Rein Taagepera 5931:Ludvig Puusepp 5757:Main article: 5742: 5739: 5685:genealogically 5673:South Estonian 5586:Main article: 5583: 5580: 5532:minority. The 5453:European Union 5400:, followed by 5347: 5337: 5327: 5317: 5307: 5301: 5297: 5296: 5295: 5290:Main article: 5287: 5284: 5280: 5279: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5246: 5245: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5229: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5212: 5211: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5195: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5178: 5177: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5161: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5144: 5143: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5127: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5110: 5109: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5093: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5076: 5075: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5042: 5041: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5025: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5008: 5007: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4991: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4974: 4973: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4957: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4941: 4919: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4875: 4874: 4870: 4861: 4858: 4855: 4850: 4830: 4827: 4780:quota refugees 4776:naturalisation 4738: 4735: 4699:ethnic Russian 4643:Baltic Germans 4568:Main article: 4565: 4562: 4515:market economy 4507:Main article: 4504: 4501: 4465:Priit Kasesalu 4436:Nord Pool Spot 4329: 4326: 4258: 4255: 4200:St. Petersburg 4161:Main article: 4158: 4155: 4127:Land Value Tax 4044: 4041: 4025:free education 3967: 3964: 3906:member state. 3858:Main article: 3855: 3852: 3787: 3784: 3745:Ämari Air Base 3737:Tapa Army Base 3712:is located in 3642: 3639: 3494:European Union 3482:United Nations 3463: 3460: 3404:Law of Estonia 3399: 3396: 3374:together with 3349:Estonia became 3315:Toompea Castle 3276:the government 3255:Prime Minister 3250:Kristen Michal 3248: 3241: 3240: 3226: 3219: 3218: 3217: 3216: 3215: 3199: 3196: 3133:Boreal Kingdom 2923: 2920: 2900:Main article: 2897: 2894: 2868:United Nations 2864:Central Europe 2851: 2848: 2724:Main article: 2721: 2718: 2680:European Union 2650:United Nations 2599:Fosforiidisõda 2565:Main article: 2562: 2559: 2470: 2467: 2385:quickly killed 2215: 2212: 2192:Baltic Entente 2182:together with 2161:era of silence 2103:Kārlis Ulmanis 2083:Johan Laidoner 2048:German arrival 2003:The tricolour 1982: 1979: 1908:and clergyman 1864:Main article: 1861: 1858: 1784:Russian Empire 1735:In 1558, Tsar 1728:, Sweden, and 1672: 1669: 1629:Danish Estonia 1607:Hermann Castle 1587:Livonian Order 1583:Teutonic Order 1522:, an elder of 1482:In 1199, Pope 1470:Danish Estonia 1457: 1454: 1195: 1192: 1187:Main article: 1184: 1181: 1111:Main article: 1108: 1105: 1085:European Union 1047:20 August 1991 962:Russian Empire 950:Teutonic Order 944:following the 923:first language 830: 829: 827: 826: 806: 803: 802: 797: 791: 790: 785: 779: 778: 773: 767: 766: 763: 757: 756: 743: 736: 733: 732: 719: 715: 714: 700: 696: 695: 676: 666: 665: 651: 641: 640: 635:$ 31,854 ( 628: 625: 622: 621: 609: 606: 603: 602: 599: 589: 588: 583:$ 45,122 ( 576: 573: 570: 569: 557: 554: 551: 550: 547: 533: 532: 525: 523:• Density 522: 519: 518: 515: 512: 509: 508: 500: 497: 494: 493: 487: 486: 483: 480: 477: 476: 469: 466: 463: 462: 456: 455: 452: 451: 450:20 August 1991 448: 442: 439: 438: 435: 429: 426: 425: 420: 414: 411: 410: 405: 399: 396: 395: 392: 391: 381: 374: 373: 366: 362: 361: 358: 357: 355:Kristen Michal 352: 349:Prime Minister 346: 343: 342: 337: 331: 328: 327: 324: 323: 318: 312: 311: 306: 300: 299: 297: 296: 290: 284: 278: 271: 269: 266: 262: 261: 258: 257: 255: 254: 251: 245: 239: 233: 226: 224: 215: 214: 209: 205: 204: 197:59.417; 24.750 168: 165: 161: 160: 150:European Union 148:– in the 139: 138: 130: 129: 107: 91: 90: 83: 76: 75: 69: 62: 61: 60: 57: 56: 44:Eesti Vabariik 41: 38: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 22215: 22204: 22201: 22199: 22196: 22194: 22191: 22189: 22186: 22184: 22181: 22179: 22176: 22174: 22171: 22169: 22166: 22164: 22161: 22159: 22156: 22154: 22151: 22149: 22148:Baltic states 22146: 22144: 22141: 22140: 22138: 22131: 22128: 22085: 22082: 22080: 22077: 22075: 22072: 22070: 22067: 22066: 22064: 22060: 22054: 22051: 22049: 22048:United States 22046: 22044: 22041: 22039: 22036: 22034: 22031: 22029: 22026: 22024: 22021: 22020: 22018: 22014: 22008: 22005: 22003: 22000: 21998: 21995: 21993: 21990: 21988: 21985: 21983: 21980: 21978: 21975: 21973: 21970: 21968: 21965: 21963: 21960: 21958: 21955: 21953: 21950: 21948: 21945: 21943: 21940: 21938: 21935: 21933: 21930: 21928: 21925: 21923: 21920: 21918: 21915: 21913: 21910: 21908: 21905: 21903: 21900: 21898: 21897:Liechtenstein 21895: 21893: 21890: 21888: 21885: 21883: 21880: 21878: 21875: 21873: 21870: 21868: 21865: 21863: 21860: 21858: 21855: 21853: 21850: 21848: 21845: 21843: 21840: 21838: 21835: 21833: 21830: 21828: 21825: 21823: 21820: 21818: 21815: 21813: 21810: 21808: 21805: 21803: 21800: 21798: 21795: 21793: 21790: 21788: 21785: 21783: 21780: 21779: 21777: 21775: 21771: 21765: 21762: 21760: 21757: 21755: 21752: 21750: 21747: 21745: 21742: 21740: 21737: 21735: 21732: 21730: 21727: 21725: 21722: 21720: 21717: 21716: 21714: 21710: 21706: 21699: 21694: 21692: 21687: 21685: 21680: 21679: 21676: 21665: 21661: 21657: 21656:UK membership 21650: 21644: 21641: 21639: 21636: 21634: 21631: 21629: 21626: 21624: 21621: 21619: 21616: 21614: 21611: 21609: 21606: 21604: 21601: 21599: 21596: 21594: 21591: 21589: 21586: 21584: 21581: 21579: 21576: 21574: 21571: 21569: 21566: 21564: 21561: 21559: 21556: 21554: 21551: 21549: 21546: 21544: 21541: 21539: 21536: 21534: 21531: 21527: 21522: 21519: 21517: 21514: 21512: 21509: 21507: 21504: 21503: 21501: 21499: 21495: 21490: 21478: 21473: 21470: 21466: 21461: 21460:Liechtenstein 21458: 21454: 21449: 21446: 21445: 21443: 21441: 21437: 21433: 21425: 21420: 21418: 21413: 21411: 21406: 21405: 21402: 21391: 21387: 21380: 21375: 21365: 21362: 21360: 21357: 21355: 21352: 21350: 21347: 21345: 21342: 21340: 21337: 21335: 21332: 21330: 21327: 21325: 21322: 21320: 21317: 21315: 21312: 21310: 21307: 21305: 21302: 21300: 21297: 21295: 21292: 21290: 21287: 21285: 21282: 21280: 21277: 21275: 21272: 21270: 21267: 21265: 21262: 21260: 21257: 21255: 21252: 21250: 21247: 21245: 21242: 21240: 21237: 21235: 21232: 21231: 21228: 21224: 21220: 21219:Member states 21213: 21208: 21206: 21201: 21199: 21194: 21193: 21190: 21178: 21175: 21171: 21168: 21166: 21163: 21162: 21161: 21158: 21154: 21151: 21149: 21146: 21144: 21141: 21140: 21139: 21136: 21134: 21131: 21129: 21126: 21122: 21119: 21117: 21114: 21113: 21112: 21109: 21105: 21102: 21100: 21097: 21096: 21095: 21092: 21090: 21087: 21085: 21082: 21081: 21078: 21074: 21066: 21061: 21059: 21054: 21052: 21047: 21046: 21043: 21031: 21030: 21029:Europe portal 21025: 21021: 21019: 21018: 21009: 21008: 21003: 20999: 20996: 20993: 20990: 20987: 20986: 20982: 20971: 20967: 20963: 20960: 20958: 20955: 20953: 20950: 20948: 20945: 20944: 20942: 20938: 20931: 20927: 20923: 20920: 20919: 20917: 20913: 20906: 20902: 20898: 20895: 20894: 20892: 20888: 20885: 20878:Special areas 20875: 20861: 20858: 20856: 20853: 20849: 20846: 20844: 20841: 20839: 20836: 20835: 20834: 20831: 20830: 20828: 20826: 20822: 20815: 20811: 20808: 20805: 20802: 20801: 20798: 20795: 20791: 20783: 20780: 20779: 20778: 20777:Faroe Islands 20775: 20774: 20772: 20768: 20765: 20762: 20755: 20749: 20746: 20744: 20743:South Ossetia 20741: 20739: 20736: 20734: 20731: 20729: 20726: 20725: 20723: 20720: 20713: 20708: 20698: 20695: 20693: 20690: 20688: 20685: 20683: 20680: 20678: 20675: 20673: 20670: 20668: 20665: 20663: 20660: 20658: 20655: 20653: 20650: 20648: 20645: 20643: 20640: 20638: 20635: 20633: 20630: 20628: 20625: 20623: 20620: 20618: 20615: 20613: 20610: 20608: 20605: 20603: 20600: 20598: 20595: 20593: 20590: 20588: 20585: 20583: 20580: 20578: 20577:Liechtenstein 20575: 20573: 20570: 20568: 20565: 20563: 20560: 20558: 20555: 20553: 20550: 20548: 20545: 20543: 20540: 20538: 20535: 20533: 20530: 20528: 20525: 20523: 20520: 20518: 20515: 20513: 20510: 20508: 20505: 20503: 20500: 20498: 20495: 20493: 20490: 20488: 20485: 20483: 20480: 20478: 20475: 20473: 20470: 20468: 20465: 20463: 20460: 20458: 20455: 20453: 20450: 20449: 20447: 20445: 20441: 20437: 20433: 20426: 20421: 20419: 20414: 20412: 20407: 20406: 20403: 20391: 20383: 20381: 20373: 20372: 20369: 20361: 20358: 20356: 20353: 20352: 20350: 20348: 20345: 20343: 20340: 20338: 20335: 20333: 20330: 20329: 20327: 20323: 20315: 20312: 20310: 20307: 20306: 20304: 20302: 20299: 20297: 20294: 20292: 20289: 20288: 20286: 20282: 20274: 20271: 20269: 20266: 20264: 20261: 20259: 20256: 20255: 20253: 20251: 20248: 20246: 20243: 20242: 20240: 20236: 20230: 20227: 20223: 20220: 20219: 20218: 20215: 20214: 20212: 20208: 20203: 20191: 20188: 20186: 20183: 20181: 20180:Sovietization 20178: 20176: 20175:Guerrilla war 20173: 20172: 20171: 20168: 20164: 20161: 20160: 20159: 20156: 20152: 20149: 20147: 20144: 20143: 20142:Deportations 20141: 20137: 20134: 20132: 20129: 20127: 20124: 20122: 20119: 20117: 20114: 20113: 20112: 20109: 20107: 20104: 20102: 20099: 20097: 20094: 20093: 20091: 20087: 20081: 20070: 20068: 20057: 20055: 20044: 20043: 20040: 20036: 20035:Baltic states 20029: 20024: 20022: 20017: 20015: 20010: 20009: 20006: 20000: 19993: 19981: 19978: 19976: 19973: 19972: 19967: 19963: 19960: 19956: 19955: 19951: 19941: 19938: 19936: 19933: 19931: 19928: 19926: 19923: 19921: 19918: 19916: 19913: 19911: 19908: 19906: 19903: 19901: 19898: 19896: 19893: 19891: 19888: 19884: 19883: 19879: 19877: 19876: 19872: 19871: 19870: 19867: 19865: 19862: 19860: 19857: 19855: 19852: 19850: 19847: 19845: 19842: 19840: 19837: 19835: 19832: 19830: 19827: 19825: 19822: 19820: 19817: 19815: 19812: 19811: 19809: 19807: 19803: 19797: 19794: 19792: 19789: 19787: 19784: 19782: 19781:Ethnic groups 19779: 19777: 19774: 19772: 19769: 19767: 19764: 19762: 19759: 19757: 19754: 19753: 19750: 19747: 19745: 19741: 19731: 19728: 19726: 19723: 19721: 19718: 19716: 19713: 19711: 19708: 19706: 19703: 19701: 19698: 19696: 19693: 19691: 19688: 19686: 19683: 19682: 19679: 19676: 19674: 19670: 19660: 19659:Supreme Court 19657: 19655: 19651: 19647: 19645: 19642: 19640: 19637: 19635: 19632: 19630: 19627: 19625: 19622: 19620: 19617: 19613: 19610: 19609: 19608: 19605: 19603: 19600: 19598: 19595: 19593: 19590: 19588: 19585: 19583: 19580: 19579: 19576: 19573: 19571: 19567: 19557: 19554: 19552: 19549: 19547: 19544: 19542: 19539: 19537: 19534: 19532: 19529: 19527: 19524: 19522: 19519: 19517: 19514: 19513: 19510: 19507: 19505: 19501: 19495: 19492: 19490: 19487: 19485: 19482: 19480: 19477: 19476: 19473: 19470: 19466: 19463: 19461: 19458: 19457: 19456: 19455:Guerrilla war 19453: 19451: 19448: 19444: 19441: 19440: 19439: 19436: 19434: 19431: 19429: 19426: 19422: 19419: 19418: 19417: 19414: 19412: 19409: 19407: 19404: 19402: 19399: 19397: 19394: 19392: 19389: 19387: 19384: 19382: 19379: 19377: 19374: 19372: 19369: 19367: 19364: 19362: 19359: 19357: 19354: 19352: 19349: 19347: 19344: 19342: 19339: 19335: 19332: 19331: 19330: 19327: 19326: 19324: 19322: 19318: 19314: 19310: 19303: 19298: 19296: 19291: 19289: 19284: 19283: 19280: 19274: 19266: 19264: 19260: 19255: 19251: 19250: 19245: 19240: 19238: 19234: 19231: 19229: 19226: 19223: 19219: 19218: 19213: 19210: 19208: 19205: 19203: 19199: 19196: 19193: 19192: 19184: 19183:OpenStreetMap 19180: 19171: 19169: 19166: 19165: 19156: 19152: 19148: 19146: 19143: 19141: 19138: 19136: 19132: 19129: 19126: 19125: 19117: 19113: 19110: 19107: 19105: 19102: 19100: 19097: 19095: 19092: 19090: 19087: 19085: 19082: 19081: 19065: 19063:1-74059-132-1 19059: 19055: 19050: 19046: 19044:1-84162-095-5 19040: 19036: 19031: 19027: 19025:0-8133-1199-3 19021: 19017: 19013: 19009: 19005: 19003:90-420-0890-3 18999: 18995: 18991: 18987: 18983: 18981:0-312-12060-5 18977: 18973: 18972: 18966: 18962: 18960:0-415-26728-5 18956: 18952: 18947: 18943: 18941:0-8179-8511-5 18937: 18933: 18928: 18924: 18922:9781788312523 18918: 18914: 18913: 18907: 18903: 18902: 18896: 18890: 18886: 18884:0-300-05552-8 18880: 18876: 18872: 18868: 18864: 18862:0-929590-08-2 18858: 18854: 18850: 18846: 18842: 18841: 18836: 18831: 18826: 18822: 18818: 18811: 18807: 18805:9985-70-194-1 18801: 18794: 18793: 18787: 18783: 18781:0-582-08246-3 18777: 18773: 18768: 18766: 18765:88-7980-355-7 18762: 18758: 18754: 18753: 18749: 18746: 18745: 18724: 18720: 18714: 18699: 18695: 18689: 18674: 18670: 18663: 18648: 18647:Trafalgar.com 18644: 18637: 18631:(in Estonian) 18620: 18616: 18610: 18594: 18590: 18584: 18577: 18565: 18559: 18544: 18540: 18534: 18519: 18515: 18509: 18493: 18489: 18483: 18468: 18464: 18458: 18443: 18439: 18433: 18418: 18414: 18408: 18400: 18394: 18386: 18380: 18372: 18366: 18362: 18361: 18353: 18345: 18339: 18335: 18334: 18326: 18310: 18306: 18300: 18284: 18280: 18274: 18267: 18263: 18260: 18255: 18248: 18243: 18235: 18231: 18227: 18223: 18216: 18209: 18205: 18202: 18197: 18190: 18185: 18179: 18178: 18173: 18168: 18162: 18158: 18153: 18145: 18143:9781500941437 18139: 18135: 18129: 18121: 18119:9780877500360 18115: 18111: 18110: 18102: 18087: 18083: 18077: 18069: 18063: 18047: 18043: 18037: 18021: 18015: 17999: 17995: 17991: 17985: 17978: 17974: 17971: 17966: 17959: 17958:archive.today 17955: 17952: 17946: 17931: 17929:9783110170320 17925: 17921: 17917: 17913: 17912: 17904: 17896: 17890: 17886: 17885: 17877: 17870: 17866: 17861: 17854: 17849: 17842: 17837: 17822: 17818: 17812: 17804: 17800: 17794: 17779: 17778:New Scientist 17775: 17769: 17761: 17749: 17734: 17728: 17724: 17720: 17716: 17715: 17707: 17691: 17685: 17678:(3): 299–307. 17677: 17673: 17666: 17658: 17652: 17648: 17647: 17639: 17623: 17619: 17613: 17597: 17593: 17589: 17583: 17568: 17562: 17547: 17541: 17530: 17524: 17516: 17512: 17506: 17498: 17494: 17488: 17471: 17467: 17461: 17445: 17439: 17431: 17425: 17409: 17403: 17395: 17391: 17385: 17374: 17368: 17352: 17348: 17342: 17326: 17322: 17316: 17300: 17294: 17287: 17282: 17266: 17260: 17244: 17238: 17223: 17221:9781783094950 17217: 17213: 17212: 17204: 17188: 17182: 17167: 17163: 17156: 17140: 17136: 17129: 17113: 17107: 17099: 17093: 17078: 17074: 17067: 17051: 17047: 17041: 17025: 17021: 17015: 17009:, 10 May 2017 17008: 17004: 16999: 16983: 16977: 16958: 16951: 16945: 16939:1% threshold. 16925: 16921: 16917: 16916: 16908: 16902: 16900: 16898: 16880: 16873: 16854: 16847: 16841: 16834: 16829: 16813: 16807: 16800: 16795: 16793:9780761478966 16789: 16785: 16781: 16773: 16766: 16754: 16750: 16743: 16736: 16731: 16729:9781493922796 16725: 16721: 16714: 16698: 16694: 16690: 16684: 16668: 16664: 16658: 16643: 16639: 16633: 16618: 16614: 16607: 16600: 16596: 16593: 16588: 16581: 16577: 16572: 16557: 16553: 16546: 16538: 16534: 16528: 16521: 16517: 16512: 16496: 16492: 16491:"Citizenship" 16486: 16470: 16464: 16448: 16444: 16438: 16431: 16427: 16424: 16419: 16403: 16402: 16397: 16391: 16383: 16379: 16375: 16368: 16353: 16352:Riigi Teataja 16349: 16343: 16335: 16329: 16325: 16324: 16316: 16301: 16297: 16290: 16282: 16278: 16272: 16264: 16258: 16242: 16238: 16232: 16230: 16213: 16207: 16191: 16187: 16183: 16177: 16169: 16163: 16147: 16143: 16136: 16120: 16114: 16098: 16092: 16090: 16088: 16086: 16069: 16065: 16059: 16044: 16040: 16034: 16018: 16014: 16008: 15993: 15989: 15983: 15967: 15966:The Economist 15963: 15957: 15941: 15937: 15930: 15924:, August 2007 15923: 15918: 15902: 15896: 15880: 15874: 15858: 15854: 15850: 15844: 15828: 15822: 15803: 15796: 15790: 15774: 15770: 15764: 15757: 15756: 15751: 15747: 15744: 15741:Henrik Ilves 15738: 15732: 15728: 15724: 15720: 15715: 15699: 15693: 15678: 15674: 15667: 15652: 15648: 15642: 15627: 15623: 15616: 15600: 15596: 15590: 15583: 15577: 15561: 15557: 15551: 15535: 15531: 15525: 15510:. 2 July 2019 15509: 15505: 15499: 15484: 15480: 15473: 15457: 15453: 15447: 15432: 15428: 15421: 15413: 15407: 15391: 15387: 15380: 15372: 15366: 15362: 15355: 15339: 15335: 15329: 15321: 15317: 15313: 15307: 15303: 15299: 15295: 15291: 15285: 15269: 15265: 15261: 15255: 15247: 15243: 15239: 15233: 15229: 15225: 15221: 15217: 15211: 15195: 15189: 15173: 15169: 15162: 15146: 15142: 15136: 15129: 15124: 15108: 15104: 15098: 15090: 15083: 15067: 15063: 15057: 15038: 15034: 15033:Aysps.gsu.edu 15027: 15021: 15019: 15017: 15000: 14996: 14992: 14985: 14978: 14974: 14971: 14966: 14951: 14947: 14941: 14930: 14923: 14912: 14905: 14890: 14886: 14880: 14865: 14861: 14855: 14840: 14839: 14834: 14828: 14812: 14811:The Economist 14808: 14802: 14795: 14790: 14783: 14778: 14762: 14756: 14740: 14736: 14730: 14711: 14705: 14689: 14685: 14681: 14675: 14659: 14653: 14637: 14633: 14627: 14611: 14605: 14589: 14585: 14579: 14563: 14559: 14553: 14537: 14533: 14527: 14511: 14507: 14501: 14485: 14479: 14463: 14459: 14455: 14449: 14442: 14438: 14433: 14417: 14410: 14394: 14387: 14385: 14365: 14358: 14352: 14336: 14332: 14326: 14310: 14306: 14300: 14285: 14281: 14275: 14259: 14255: 14251: 14245: 14238: 14234: 14228: 14221: 14217: 14214: 14209: 14194:on 8 May 2013 14190: 14183: 14177: 14170: 14166: 14163: 14158: 14143: 14142: 14137: 14130: 14128: 14119: 14115: 14109: 14094: 14090: 14083: 14075: 14071: 14065: 14057: 14053: 14047: 14039: 14035: 14029: 14013: 14009: 14003: 14001: 13992: 13990:9789279904530 13986: 13982: 13981:10.2767/74735 13978: 13974: 13970: 13966: 13959: 13943: 13936: 13920: 13916: 13910: 13894: 13888: 13877: 13871: 13855: 13851: 13845: 13830: 13826: 13819: 13803: 13799: 13793: 13777: 13770: 13754: 13747: 13739: 13735: 13728: 13712: 13705: 13690: 13689: 13684: 13677: 13661: 13655: 13639: 13633: 13617: 13611: 13595: 13589: 13574: 13570: 13564: 13549:. 3 June 2022 13548: 13544: 13538: 13522: 13518: 13512: 13497:. 7 June 2019 13496: 13492: 13488: 13482: 13467: 13463: 13457: 13442: 13438: 13432: 13424: 13423: 13415: 13413: 13396: 13392: 13388: 13382: 13363: 13356: 13350: 13335: 13329: 13325: 13324: 13316: 13301: 13300: 13295: 13288: 13272: 13268: 13264: 13258: 13242: 13236: 13220: 13216: 13210: 13194: 13188: 13172: 13168: 13162: 13146: 13142: 13136: 13120: 13116: 13110: 13094: 13090: 13084: 13068: 13067: 13062: 13056: 13040: 13036: 13030: 13015: 13011: 13005: 13003: 13001: 12999: 12997: 12988: 12983: 12982: 12973: 12958:. 15 May 2023 12957: 12953: 12947: 12932: 12928: 12921: 12906: 12902: 12895: 12887: 12885:9781785333187 12881: 12877: 12873: 12866: 12851: 12847: 12841: 12825: 12821: 12817: 12811: 12795: 12791: 12784: 12777: 12769: 12763: 12759: 12755: 12751: 12747: 12743: 12739: 12735: 12728: 12712: 12708: 12702: 12686: 12680: 12664: 12660: 12654: 12646: 12640: 12636: 12632: 12628: 12624: 12617: 12602: 12598: 12591: 12575: 12571: 12564: 12557: 12541: 12537: 12533: 12526: 12519: 12514: 12498: 12494: 12490: 12483: 12467: 12463: 12457: 12441: 12437: 12431: 12415: 12408: 12401: 12399: 12397: 12380: 12376: 12370: 12354: 12350: 12344: 12336: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12318: 12314: 12309: 12304: 12300: 12296: 12292: 12285: 12277: 12275:9781841624877 12271: 12267: 12260: 12252: 12250:9781841624877 12246: 12242: 12235: 12220: 12219: 12214: 12207: 12191: 12190: 12185: 12179: 12163: 12156: 12148: 12146:9781841624877 12142: 12138: 12131: 12129: 12112: 12106: 12090: 12084: 12068: 12062: 12046: 12040: 12024: 12018: 12003: 11999: 11993: 11977: 11973: 11967: 11951: 11947: 11941: 11933: 11927: 11923: 11919: 11912: 11897: 11893: 11892:"Methodology" 11887: 11871: 11867: 11861: 11859: 11857: 11855: 11853: 11851: 11835: 11831: 11827: 11823: 11818: 11813: 11809: 11805: 11801: 11797: 11791: 11789: 11787: 11785: 11783: 11781: 11779: 11762: 11756: 11754: 11737: 11731: 11715: 11711: 11705: 11697: 11693: 11687: 11679: 11675: 11669: 11661: 11657: 11651: 11643: 11641:9780810875135 11637: 11633: 11626: 11610: 11604: 11596: 11594:9781136299810 11590: 11586: 11579: 11571: 11559: 11551: 11547: 11540: 11532: 11528: 11522: 11514: 11512:9781843765561 11508: 11504: 11497: 11489: 11487:9781843765561 11483: 11479: 11472: 11464: 11462:9781134485567 11458: 11454: 11447: 11439: 11437:9781136452130 11433: 11429: 11422: 11414: 11412:9781136452130 11408: 11404: 11397: 11389: 11387:9780742524538 11383: 11379: 11375: 11374: 11366: 11358: 11356:9781136452130 11352: 11348: 11341: 11333: 11331:9781472449719 11327: 11323: 11316: 11308: 11306:9781571818959 11302: 11298: 11291: 11283: 11281:9783525369128 11277: 11273: 11266: 11258: 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10579: 10578:0-300-06078-5 10575: 10569: 10561: 10555: 10547: 10546: 10537: 10529: 10523: 10519: 10512: 10504: 10498: 10494: 10487: 10485: 10476: 10474:90-411-2177-3 10470: 10466: 10459: 10448: 10444: 10437: 10430: 10422: 10416: 10412: 10405: 10397: 10391: 10387: 10380: 10372: 10366: 10362: 10355: 10347: 10345:9781498546195 10341: 10337: 10330: 10322: 10320:9781136483042 10316: 10312: 10305: 10297: 10295:9781135769604 10291: 10287: 10280: 10272: 10270:9780521531207 10266: 10262: 10255: 10247: 10245:9780520026001 10241: 10237: 10230: 10222: 10220:9780810865136 10216: 10212: 10205: 10203: 10194: 10192:9781136452130 10188: 10184: 10177: 10169: 10167:9781136452130 10163: 10159: 10152: 10144: 10142:9781136452130 10138: 10134: 10127: 10119: 10117:9780520046252 10113: 10109: 10102: 10094: 10092:9781136452130 10088: 10084: 10077: 10069: 10067:9781857431360 10063: 10059: 10052: 10044: 10042:9780313309908 10038: 10034: 10027: 10019: 10017:9780817928537 10013: 10009: 10002: 9994: 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7942: 7934: 7928: 7927:91-27-35725-2 7924: 7918: 7910: 7908:9789004363816 7904: 7900: 7896: 7892: 7885: 7877: 7873: 7867: 7852: 7848: 7841: 7833: 7829: 7823: 7815: 7811: 7805: 7797: 7793: 7787: 7779: 7778: 7770: 7764: 7756: 7752: 7746: 7740: 7725: 7719: 7711: 7707: 7701: 7699: 7690: 7686: 7679: 7677: 7661: 7657: 7651: 7649: 7640: 7636: 7630: 7628: 7608: 7604: 7597: 7591: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7562: 7546: 7542: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7530: 7528: 7511: 7505: 7503: 7494: 7488: 7472: 7466: 7464: 7447: 7443: 7439: 7433: 7425: 7419: 7410: 7400: 7386: 7385: 7377: 7362: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7343: 7336: 7329: 7326:, Amsterdam: 7325: 7318: 7310: 7303: 7296: 7288: 7281: 7273: 7267: 7252: 7248: 7242: 7238: 7224: 7220: 7216: 7210: 7203: 7200:country, the 7199: 7195: 7191: 7187: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7165: 7163: 7139: 7135: 7130: 7121: 7115: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7102: 7092: 7058: 7049: 7042: 7039: 7035: 7031: 7025: 7021: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7002: 6998: 6997:Europe portal 6987: 6984: 6973: 6966: 6964: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6943: 6939: 6938:weightlifting 6935: 6931: 6927: 6924: 6920: 6912: 6908: 6903: 6893: 6889: 6887: 6883: 6882: 6876: 6871: 6867: 6863: 6859: 6853: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6830: 6824: 6822: 6821:Christmas Day 6819: 6818: 6812: 6810: 6809:Christmas Eve 6807: 6806: 6800: 6797: 6796: 6790: 6788: 6787:Midsummer Day 6785: 6784: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6772: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6760: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6748: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6739:Easter Sunday 6737: 6736: 6733: 6732: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6722: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6710: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6698: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6679: 6675: 6672:The Estonian 6669: 6659: 6656: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6628: 6626: 6622: 6619:According to 6612: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6589: 6585: 6579: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6568:Lembit Ulfsak 6565: 6564: 6559: 6558: 6553: 6552: 6547: 6546: 6541: 6540: 6535: 6534: 6529: 6528: 6523: 6522: 6516: 6514: 6510: 6504: 6500: 6494: 6484: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6473:Tõnu Õnnepalu 6470: 6466: 6462: 6461: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6438: 6434: 6433: 6426: 6424: 6420: 6419:alphabet book 6416: 6415: 6410: 6409: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6381: 6377: 6372: 6366: 6356: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6337: 6335: 6331: 6327: 6326:Vanilla Ninja 6323: 6322:Lenna Kuurmaa 6319: 6318:Evelin Samuel 6315: 6311: 6310:Eda-Ines Etti 6307: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6286: 6284: 6280: 6277: 6272: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6229:Rudolf Tobias 6226: 6221: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6199: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6181: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6148: 6146: 6142: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6119: 6118:Gesta Danorum 6115: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6075: 6065: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6049: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6019: 6014: 6010: 6006: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5982: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5966:New Scientist 5964:According to 5962: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5951:Endel Tulving 5948: 5944: 5940: 5937:, physicists 5936: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5923:Ragnar Nurkse 5920: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5891: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5826: 5822: 5819:House of the 5817: 5813: 5810: 5805: 5803: 5798: 5794: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5760: 5752: 5747: 5738: 5736: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5722: 5717: 5713: 5711: 5707: 5702: 5698: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5643: 5641: 5637: 5632: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5621:Indo-European 5618: 5614: 5610: 5603: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5579: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5568:Maavalla Koda 5565: 5561: 5556: 5554: 5549: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5526: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5507: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5480: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5457:Eurobarometer 5454: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5436: 5432: 5431:Eurobarometer 5428: 5424: 5418: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5386: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5344: 5334: 5324: 5314: 5300: 5293: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5248: 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3517:Baltic states 3513: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3498:Schengen Area 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3473: 3469: 3459: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3448:Supreme Court 3445: 3440: 3436: 3429: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3409: 3405: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3341: 3339: 3335: 3330: 3327: 3323: 3322:the President 3316: 3311: 3307: 3305: 3300: 3296: 3291: 3288: 3287:the president 3284: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3256: 3251: 3245: 3234: 3229: 3223: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3195: 3192: 3188: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3157:cyanobacteria 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3107: 3105: 3104:national bird 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3060: 3058: 3057:American mink 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3021:European mink 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2955: 2947: 2946:H. r. rustica 2943: 2938: 2933: 2929: 2919: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2893: 2891: 2890: 2885: 2882:country, the 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2847: 2845: 2844:Suur Munamägi 2841: 2840:Haanja Upland 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2791:natural lakes 2788: 2784: 2779: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2732: 2727: 2717: 2714: 2710: 2708: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2672: 2670: 2665: 2662: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2537: 2533: 2528: 2524: 2523:Soviet people 2520: 2516: 2515:Russification 2511: 2509: 2508:were deported 2505: 2501: 2493: 2489: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2466: 2464: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2381:Estonian Jews 2378: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2350:were executed 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2303:in March 1944 2302: 2301:Eastern Front 2298: 2293: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2221: 2211: 2209: 2205: 2202:in 1932, and 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2153:Vaps movement 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2137:parliamentary 2134: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2087:White Russian 2084: 2080: 2079:Estonian Army 2076: 2072: 2068: 2067:Soviet Russia 2063: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1978: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1951:Jaan Tõnisson 1947: 1946:Russification 1942: 1940: 1936: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1830: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1792: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1776: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1763:In 1600, the 1761: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1647:(Pärnu), and 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1603: 1599: 1597: 1592: 1588: 1585:becoming the 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1555:Terra Mariana 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1524:Sakala County 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1502:. The German 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1476: 1471: 1467: 1466:Terra Mariana 1463: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1442:sacred groves 1439: 1435: 1431: 1430: 1425: 1421: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1252:Narva culture 1249: 1245: 1244:Kunda culture 1241: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1214: 1210: 1205: 1201: 1190: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1171:referring to 1170: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1150:Ancient Roman 1147: 1146: 1138: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1114: 1104: 1102: 1101:press freedom 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1052:Estonia is a 1050: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 964:, a distinct 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 930: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 804: 801: 798: 796: 792: 789: 786: 784: 783:ISO 3166 code 780: 777: 774: 772: 768: 764: 762: 758: 754: 748: 744: 740: 734: 730: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 701: 697: 693: 677: 671: 667: 652: 646: 642: 638: 629: 623: 619: 610: 604: 600: 594: 590: 586: 577: 571: 567: 558: 552: 548: 544: 538: 534: 530: 526: 520: 516: 510: 501: 495: 492: 488: 484: 478: 474: 470: 464: 461: 457: 453: 449: 446: 440: 436: 433: 427: 421: 418: 412: 406: 403: 397: 393: 389: 385: 379: 375: 372: 371: 367: 363: 359: 356: 353: 350: 344: 341: 338: 335: 329: 325: 322: 319: 317: 313: 310: 307: 305: 301: 295: 291: 289: 285: 283: 279: 277: 273: 272: 270: 263: 259: 252: 250: 246: 244: 240: 238: 234: 232: 228: 227: 225: 220: 219:Ethnic groups 216: 213: 210: 206: 201: 172: 169: 162: 157: 155: 151: 145: 136: 131: 103: 102: 96: 92: 86: 80: 72: 66: 58: 52: 45: 36: 33: 29: 22: 22203:OECD members 22100: 22053:EU relations 21841: 21712:Institutions 21547: 21477:EU relations 21465:EU relations 21453:EU relations 21268: 21088: 21027: 21015: 20748:Transnistria 20697:Vatican City 20516: 20355:in athletics 20291:Baltic Tiger 20258:Air Policing 20053: 19881: 19874: 19834:Coat of arms 19819:Architecture 19761:Demographics 19690:Central bank 19653:(parliament) 19649: 19607:Human rights 19587:Constitution 19472:Deportations 19450:World War II 19443:Estonian SSR 19371:Livonian War 19334:list of wars 19308: 19247: 19236: 19215: 19053: 19034: 19015: 18993: 18970: 18950: 18931: 18910: 18899: 18874: 18852: 18838: 18810:the original 18791: 18771: 18756: 18750: 18726:. 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The word 4037:e-residency 3962:in Europe. 3764:Afghanistan 3669:land forces 3667:consist of 3456:Gay couples 3376:Estonia 200 3368:Kaja Kallas 3175:(28%), and 3131:within the 3084:white stork 3049:raccoon dog 3045:fallow deer 3017:ringed seal 2854:Located in 2799:7000 rivers 2768:Lake Peipsi 2623:"republics" 2586:perestroika 2521:and other " 2444:Jüri Uluots 2126:land reform 1960:During the 1803:free tenant 1788:1897 census 1773:transferred 1715:Lutheranism 1710:Reformation 1496:Valdemar II 1486:declared a 1452:" worship. 1409:Soopoolitse 1397:Jogentagana 1331:Scandinavia 1310:, known as 1221:glacial era 1058:high-income 871:Lake Peipus 683: 0.899 365:Legislature 276:no religion 195: / 22137:Categories 21962:San Marino 21927:Montenegro 21907:Luxembourg 21802:Azerbaijan 21654:See also: 21598:Luxembourg 21384:See also: 21319:Luxembourg 21073:Baltic Sea 20647:San Marino 20607:Montenegro 20587:Luxembourg 20567:Kazakhstan 20472:Azerbaijan 20332:Baltic Cup 20190:Baltic Way 20121:Background 20111:Occupation 19935:Television 19915:Newspapers 19882:Kalevipoeg 19869:Literature 19786:Healthcare 19602:Government 19078:Government 18849:Laar, Mart 18539:"Churches" 18247:Jaan Kross 18004:15 October 17738:23 October 17696:19 January 17570:Retrieved 17414:14 October 16758:14 October 16647:30 January 16305:29 October 16218:10 October 16023:11 January 15997:11 January 15508:WorldAtlas 15396:1 December 14844:20 October 14816:28 October 14796:OECD 2016. 14594:25 January 14018:18 January 13973:Luxembourg 13141:"Nordplus" 13066:EUobserver 12910:16 January 12855:16 January 12830:16 January 12800:11 January 12580:14 January 12295:BioScience 11931:9985701151 11180:11 October 10420:9985701151 9777:9985701151 9727:9985701151 9675:9042008903 9650:9042008903 9625:9042008903 9600:9985701151 9544:9042008903 9519:9985701151 9295:9985701151 8744:9985701151 8694:9985701151 8609:4 November 8559:9985701151 8406:Enn Tarvel 8212:9042008903 8137:9042008903 8112:9042008903 8087:9042008903 8061:1 November 8003:21 January 7969:21 January 7757:. C 42/78. 7390:17 October 7366:17 October 7355:: 95–107. 7233:References 6886:sweet roll 6856:See also: 6833:Boxing Day 6751:Spring Day 6655:hill forts 6572:Jaan Tätte 6557:The Fencer 6497:See also: 6465:Jaan Kross 6449:(Spring). 6443:Oskar Luts 6432:Kalevipoeg 6380:Jaan Kross 6369:See also: 6359:Literature 6314:Koit Toome 6283:Kerli Kõiv 6241:Artur Kapp 6164:concertina 6134:regilaulud 6130:folk songs 6078:See also: 5985:See also: 5899:Ernst Öpik 5802:Tiigrihüpe 5773:Tiigrihüpe 5763:See also: 5394:Protestant 5274:Lääne-Viru 5219:Kuressaare 5190:Lääne-Viru 4867:in Estonia 4802:Piirissaar 4741:See also: 4706:minorities 4447:Tiigrihüpe 4332:See also: 4316:mining at 4302:rare-earth 4194:, such as 4173:Baltic Sea 4143:World Bank 3870:World Bank 3833:vallavanem 3623:Soviet era 3621:Since the 3412:See also: 3258:since 2024 3236:since 2021 3228:Alar Karis 3181:cornflower 3165:bryophytes 3115:Tarvasjõgi 2981:brown bear 2965:amphibians 2744:Baltic Sea 2641:, Estonia 2627:Baltic Way 2577:Baltic Way 2543:considered 2449:headed by 2330:Summer War 2037:Bolsheviks 1934:Kalevipoeg 1910:Jakob Hurt 1811:gymnasiums 1719:Low German 1633:Lübeck law 1596:Low German 1512:Latgalians 1292:Kievan Rus 1260:Bronze Age 1240:Mesolithic 1213:Bronze Age 1169:runestones 1152:historian 1081:(counties) 986:neutrality 960:, and the 915:indigenous 843:Baltic Sea 658: 30.6 491:Population 340:Alar Karis 316:Government 304:Demonym(s) 288:undeclared 243:Ukrainians 142:– in 22183:Republics 22119:59°N 26°E 22016:Observers 21902:Lithuania 21593:Lithuania 21314:Lithuania 21133:Lithuania 20810:Gibraltar 20759:Dependent 20582:Lithuania 20254:Military 20210:Geography 20080:Lithuania 19900:Mythology 19864:Languages 19771:Estonians 19766:Education 19730:Transport 19705:Oil shale 19650:Riigikogu 19639:President 19592:Elections 19504:Geography 18728:11 August 18703:1 October 18678:1 October 18652:1 October 17869:Postimees 17758:ignored ( 17748:cite book 17357:22 August 17305:12 August 17249:20 August 17112:"Maavald" 16933:14 August 16703:9 January 16673:9 January 16622:4 January 16561:11 August 16520:Postimees 16501:18 August 16099:. 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Stat.ee 14289:11 August 14147:2 January 14074:e-Estonia 13965:"Estonia" 13919:Postimees 13247:11 August 13225:11 August 13199:11 August 13177:11 August 13151:11 August 13125:11 August 13099:11 August 13045:11 August 12936:2 January 12738:The Hague 12606:4 January 12546:4 January 12503:4 January 12472:4 January 12466:Riigikogu 12446:4 January 12440:Riigikogu 12420:4 January 12317:0006-3568 12218:Postimees 11998:"Estonia" 11866:"Estonia" 11834:240432618 11826:2534-4358 11558:cite news 11003:7 January 10554:cite book 8501:: 132–135 8311:1406-2933 8024:Routledge 7964:1736-3810 7893:Austrvegr 7832:e-Estonia 7706:"Estonia" 7452:9 January 7361:0355-0230 7311:: 119–136 7309:Virittäjä 7041:varieties 6942:wrestling 6934:athletics 6870:Verivorst 6802:20 August 6763:Pentecost 6706:1 January 6481:grotesque 6455:pentalogy 6371:Estophile 6294:Everybody 6279:Georg Ots 6261:Arvo Pärt 6237:Mart Saar 6202:Laulupidu 6190:Arvo Pärt 6168:accordion 6152:shepherds 6138:regivärss 5890:in 2023. 5864:ESTCube-1 5636:Hungarian 5582:Languages 5461:Estonians 5409:near the 5402:Calvinism 5359:plurality 5333:Christian 4808:The 2008 4667:migration 4632:Karelians 4624:Moldovans 4616:Armenians 4584:Estonians 4532:CoinMetro 4438:network. 4429:shale oil 4283:limestone 4279:oil shale 4257:Resources 4247:AirBaltic 4186:Owned by 4157:Transport 4153:in 2010. 3989:e-Estonia 3949:Riigikogu 3915:petroleum 3911:oil shale 3889:education 3701:Lithuania 3677:air force 3439:civil law 3340:in 2003. 3272:Riigikogu 3233:President 3141:ecoregion 3041:sika deer 3013:grey seal 2993:wild boar 2973:grey wolf 2811:Põltsamaa 2795:Võrtsjärv 2746:, on the 2720:Geography 2451:Otto Tief 2358:Wehrmacht 2254:Stalinist 2081:, led by 1890:In 1857, 1817:in 1632. 1643:(Tartu), 1575:Ösel–Wiek 1532:Lindanise 1516:Selonians 1508:Livonians 1434:Oeselians 1429:Tharapita 1426:mentions 1405:Nurmekund 1347:kihelkond 1320:Karelians 1316:Curonians 1312:Oeselians 1304:Curonians 1264:hill fort 1248:neolithic 1177:Old Norse 1117:The name 1097:education 1060:advanced 1031:preserved 761:Drives on 718:Time zone 687:very high 597:(nominal) 517:1,331,824 507:1,373,101 437:1940–1991 370:Riigikogu 334:President 265:Religion 231:Estonians 22028:Holy See 21977:Slovenia 21972:Slovakia 21952:Portugal 21817:Bulgaria 21734:Congress 21633:Slovenia 21628:Slovakia 21618:Portugal 21516:Bulgaria 21354:Slovenia 21349:Slovakia 21339:Portugal 21244:Bulgaria 21017:Category 21002:Holy See 20952:Scotland 20922:Svalbard 20907:of 1921) 20843:Guernsey 20838:Alderney 20728:Abkhazia 20662:Slovenia 20657:Slovakia 20632:Portugal 20492:Bulgaria 20380:Category 20351:Records 20305:Regions 20238:Politics 20116:Timeline 19975:Category 19859:Internet 19854:Folklore 19791:Religion 19715:Taxation 19629:Military 19570:Politics 19329:Timeline 19313:articles 19244:template 19198:Archived 19131:Archived 19112:Archived 19014:(1993). 18873:(1993). 18851:(1992). 18827:(1911). 18315:27 March 18262:Archived 18204:Archived 18091:27 March 18026:31 March 17973:Archived 17954:Archived 17592:Eurydice 17551:27 March 17092:cite web 16881:. Gallup 16595:Archived 16537:BBC News 16447:Archived 16426:Archived 16382:Archived 16162:cite web 16152:29 April 16074:8 August 15746:Archived 15727:Archived 15560:POLITICO 15292:(2013). 15268:Archived 15218:(2013). 14973:Archived 14399:31 March 14216:Archived 14198:16 March 14165:Archived 14056:BBC News 13666:23 March 13578:15 March 13491:ERR News 12956:ERR News 12931:PinkNews 12717:17 April 12691:17 April 12669:31 March 12536:Estonica 12493:Estonica 12335:28608869 12224:18 April 12196:18 April 11798:(2018). 11720:12 March 11678:BBC News 9159:(2006). 8992:(2007). 8627:(2006). 8548:(2002). 8415:Archived 8408:(2007). 7993:Oma Keel 7814:BBC News 7616:13 March 7607:Archived 7575:Eurostat 7256:15 April 7251:Eesti.ee 7134:Estonian 7106:Estonian 6969:See also 6768:moveable 6744:moveable 6731:moveable 6662:Holidays 6563:November 6513:Gustav V 6330:Rändajad 6276:baritone 6180:Viljandi 5999:in Tartu 5779:monastic 5689:dialects 5609:Estonian 5576:atheists 5492:atheists 5477:atheists 5473:Agnostic 5413:area in 5398:Lutheran 5383:Buddhism 5363:majority 5325:(12.02%) 5323:Lutheran 5315:(19.87%) 5286:Religion 5258:Ida-Viru 5253:Sillamäe 5122:Viljandi 5117:Viljandi 5099:Haapsalu 5088:Ida-Viru 5070:Ida-Viru 5020:Ida-Viru 4863:Largest 4695:Ida-Viru 4600:Latvians 4588:Russians 4522:and the 4497:unicorns 4477:startups 4413:Ignalina 4379:Sillamäe 4318:Sillamäe 4314:loparite 4145:and the 4115:flat tax 4090:and the 4033:Internet 3904:eurozone 3829:linnapea 3641:Military 3531:and the 3502:Eurozone 3492:and the 3382:, while 3198:Politics 3029:red deer 3001:roe deer 2969:reptiles 2967:, and 5 2954:latitude 2912:maritime 2829:rivers. 2692:eurozone 2519:Russians 2342:Red Army 2338:Suvesõda 2334:Estonian 2324:called " 2252:and the 2234:Red Army 2169:interwar 2109:against 2095:defeated 2075:Red Army 1920:and the 1902:eestlane 1791:literacy 1786:(map of 1749:defeated 1653:Novgorod 1591:uprising 1540:repelled 1500:Saaremaa 1393:Alempois 1377:Saaremaa 1369:Läänemaa 1365:Järvamaa 1361:Harjumaa 1308:Saaremaa 1268:Iron Age 1173:Eistland 1123:Estonian 1037:and the 927:majority 883:Saaremaa 879:mainland 814:de facto 699:Currency 309:Estonian 237:Russians 212:Estonian 51:Estonian 22143:Estonia 22002:Ukraine 21957:Romania 21917:Moldova 21882:Ireland 21877:Iceland 21872:Hungary 21862:Germany 21857:Georgia 21847:Finland 21842:Estonia 21837:Denmark 21822:Croatia 21807:Belgium 21797:Austria 21792:Armenia 21787:Andorra 21782:Albania 21774:Members 21623:Romania 21578:Ireland 21573:Hungary 21563:Germany 21553:Finland 21548:Estonia 21543:Denmark 21521:Croatia 21511:Belgium 21506:Austria 21448:Iceland 21344:Romania 21299:Ireland 21294:Hungary 21284:Germany 21274:Finland 21269:Estonia 21264:Denmark 21249:Croatia 21239:Belgium 21234:Austria 21221:of the 21111:Germany 21104:Lapland 21094:Finland 21089:Estonia 21084:Denmark 20947:England 20890:Finland 20770:Denmark 20687:Ukraine 20637:Romania 20597:Moldova 20557:Ireland 20552:Iceland 20547:Hungary 20537:Germany 20532:Georgia 20522:Finland 20517:Estonia 20512:Denmark 20497:Croatia 20482:Belgium 20477:Belarus 20467:Austria 20462:Armenia 20457:Andorra 20452:Albania 20390:Commons 20284:Economy 20089:History 20054:Estonia 19959:Outline 19940:Theatre 19910:Symbols 19839:Cuisine 19806:Culture 19744:Society 19725:Tourism 19673:Economy 19531:Islands 19516:Climate 19321:History 19309:Estonia 19259:Estonia 19246:below ( 19233:Estonia 19212:Estonia 19179:Estonia 19155:Estonia 19035:Estonia 18837:(ed.). 18157:History 17783:3 April 17446:. Hm.ee 16988:23 July 16357:7 April 16196:23 July 15907:23 July 15863:13 July 15833:31 July 15456:Bioneer 15113:22 July 15046:23 July 14794:Estonia 14642:23 July 14616:23 July 14568:23 July 14542:23 July 14516:23 July 14490:13 June 14458:Stat.ee 14441:Stat.ee 14373:25 June 14141:Reuters 13553:27 June 13371:23 July 12385:6 March 12359:7 April 12326:5451287 12266:Estonia 12241:Estonia 12189:Maaleht 12168:7 April 12137:Estonia 11982:5 March 11956:5 March 11920:(ed.). 11901:5 March 11876:5 March 11839:5 March 11767:19 June 11742:11 July 7780:. 2020. 7580:22 June 7186:Eurovoc 7174:Eastern 7145: 6963:Kiiking 6930:Tallinn 6913:in 2006 6846:Cuisine 6792:24 June 6780:23 June 6676:is the 6625:Finland 6401:in the 5975:Culture 5874:is the 5640:Finnish 5629:Latvian 5625:Swedish 5611:, is a 5375:Judaism 5335:(1.20%) 5185:Rakvere 5074:10,880 5040:10,964 5006:12,112 4972:12,173 4956:457,572 4947:Tallinn 4929:Tallinn 4795:Russian 4737:Society 4687:Hiiumaa 4683:maakond 4675:russify 4628:Chuvash 4592:Germans 4489:Fortumo 4485:GrabCAD 4395:Hiiumaa 4295:granite 4243:Nordica 3983:by the 3938:Tallinn 3854:Economy 3841:Hiiumaa 3837:Tallinn 3824:maakond 3772:Lebanon 3635:Ukraine 3553:Tallinn 3537:Finland 3450:is the 3171:(41%), 3161:lichens 3102:is the 3053:muskrat 2985:red fox 2961:mammals 2896:Climate 2872:Eurovoc 2860:Eastern 2803:Võhandu 2756:Finland 2713:English 2575:In the 2352:by the 2316:. When 2184:Finland 2130:liberal 2027:by the 1974:looting 1799:serfdom 1726:Muscovy 1625:Tallinn 1559:Livonia 1548:maakond 1520:Lembitu 1492:Livonia 1488:crusade 1389:Virumaa 1352:maakond 1335:Finland 1324:Sigtuna 1322:sacked 1318:or/and 1294:led by 1183:History 1154:Tacitus 1119:Estonia 1078:maakond 1062:economy 1056:with a 1023:de jure 1004:, then 974:Russian 954:Denmark 925:of the 913:is the 895:Tallinn 887:Hiiumaa 855:Finland 835:Estonia 822:de jure 690: ( 443:• 430:• 400:• 388:Germany 347:• 332:• 183:24°45′E 180:59°25′N 171:Tallinn 164:Capital 95:Anthem: 22124:59; 26 22043:Mexico 22033:Israel 22023:Canada 21997:Turkey 21987:Sweden 21967:Serbia 21947:Poland 21942:Norway 21922:Monaco 21892:Latvia 21867:Greece 21852:France 21827:Cyprus 21662:, and 21643:Sweden 21613:Poland 21588:Latvia 21568:Greece 21558:France 21533:Cyprus 21472:Norway 21364:Sweden 21334:Poland 21309:Latvia 21289:Greece 21279:France 21254:Cyprus 21177:Sweden 21160:Russia 21138:Poland 21128:Latvia 20915:Norway 20733:Kosovo 20682:Turkey 20672:Sweden 20652:Serbia 20642:Russia 20627:Poland 20622:Norway 20602:Monaco 20572:Latvia 20542:Greece 20527:France 20502:Cyprus 20436:Europe 20077: 20067:Latvia 20064: 20051: 19980:Portal 19829:Cinema 19814:Anthem 19700:Energy 19551:Rivers 19311: 19263:Curlie 19249:Curlie 19122:Travel 19060: 19041: 19022: 19000: 18978: 18957: 18938: 18919: 18881: 18859: 18802: 18778: 18763: 18367: 18340: 18289:2 June 18140: 18116: 18048:. 2021 17926: 17891: 17855:– ICDS 17821:Eas.ee 17729: 17653: 17628:2 June 17331:2 June 17271:2 June 17218: 17193:2 June 17145:2 June 17118:2 June 16966:12 May 16885:27 May 16862:5 June 16818:2 June 16790: 16726: 16475:11 May 16330: 16247:2 June 16125:2 June 16017:KrASIA 15779:2 June 15704:2 June 15605:2 June 15540:2 June 15488:31 May 15462:31 May 15436:31 May 15367: 15344:2 June 15318: 15308: 15244: 15234: 15072:2 June 14767:29 May 14694:5 June 14422:5 June 14341:5 June 14315:2 June 14264:2 July 13987: 13501:7 June 13330: 12962:6 June 12882: 12764: 12641: 12333: 12323: 12315: 12272: 12247: 12143: 11928: 11832: 11824: 11638: 11591: 11509: 11484: 11459: 11434: 11409: 11384: 11353: 11328: 11303: 11278: 11253: 11228: 11203: 11144: 11119: 11094: 11062: 11028: 10956: 10928: 10903: 10878: 10853: 10828: 10803: 10778: 10753: 10725: 10700: 10653: 10628: 10597: 10576: 10524: 10499: 10471: 10417: 10392: 10367: 10342: 10317: 10292: 10267: 10242: 10217: 10189: 10164: 10139: 10114: 10089: 10064: 10039: 10014: 9989: 9964: 9939: 9914: 9880: 9849: 9824: 9799: 9774: 9749: 9724: 9699: 9672: 9647: 9622: 9597: 9569: 9541: 9516: 9491: 9466: 9441: 9392: 9367: 9342: 9317: 9292: 9267: 9242: 9217: 9192: 9167: 9139: 9111: 9086: 9061: 9025: 9000: 8972: 8947: 8916: 8891: 8866: 8841: 8816: 8791: 8766: 8741: 8716: 8691: 8666: 8641: 8581: 8556: 8528: 8469: 8389: 8364: 8339: 8309: 8240: 8209: 8184: 8159: 8134: 8109: 8084: 8030: 7962: 7952: 7925: 7905: 7551:31 May 7516:5 June 7359: 7192:, the 7184:, and 7101:-nee-ə 6944:, and 6896:Sports 6868:, and 6866:Kohuke 6574:, and 6447:Kevade 6343:won a 6267:, and 6210:choral 6176:kannel 6166:, and 6160:zither 6156:fiddle 6102:UNESCO 6086:, and 6044:(see: 6013:Nordic 5771:, and 5661:, and 5613:Finnic 5564:Maausk 5435:Gallup 5429:. 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