356:
1168:
2035:, as in English. Sometimes the second letter, the one used instead of a diacritic, is changed to one of two other diacritic letters (e.g. š is written as ss or sj, not sh), and since many people may find it difficult to use these unusual methods, they write without any indication of missing diacritic marks, or they use digraphing only if the diacritic mark in question would make a semantic difference. Sometimes an apostrophe is used before or after the character that would properly need to be diacriticised. Also, digraph diacritics are often used and sometimes even mixed with diacritical letters of standard orthography. Although today there is software support available, diacritic-less writing is still sometimes used for financial and social reasons. As
608:
4732:
1967:
573:
588:
1105:
1922:
220:
232:
1148:
1246:
which is more archaic than the other two. There are three syllable intonations in some parts of
Vidzeme variety of the Middle dialect, extended, broken and falling. The Curonian and Semigallian varieties have two syllable intonations, extended and broken, but some parts of the Vidzeme variety has extended and falling intonations. In the Curonian variety,
930:
the mid-1990s, the government may pay a student's tuition in public universities only provided that the instruction is in
Latvian. Since 2004, the state mandates Latvian as the language of instruction in public secondary schools (Form 10–12) for at least 60% of class work (previously, a broad system of education in Russian existed).
1111:
1109:
1106:
1974:
In late 1992, the official
Latvian computing standard LVS 8-92 took effect. It was followed by LVS 24-93 (Latvian language support for computers) that also specified the way Latvian language (alphabet, numbers, currency, punctuation marks, date and time) should be represented on computers. A Latvian
1295:
explicitly deny speaking
Latgalian. It is spoken by approximately 15% of Latvia's population, but almost all of its speakers are also fluent in the standard Latvian language and they promote the dialect in popular culture in order to preserve their distinct culture. The Latvian Government since 1990
929:
schools. Latvian is taught as a second language in the initial stages too, as is officially declared, to encourage proficiency in that language, aiming at avoiding alienation from the
Latvian-speaking linguistic majority and for the sake of facilitating academic and professional achievements. Since
1110:
2796:
Standard
Latvian and, with some exceptions in derivation and inflection, all of the Latvian dialects have fixed initial stress. Long vowels and diphthongs have a tone, regardless of their position in the word. This includes the so-called "mixed diphthongs" composed of a short vowel followed by a
1270:
Upper
Latvian dialect is spoken in Eastern Latvia. It is set apart from the rest of the Latvian by a number of phonetic differences. The dialect has two main varieties – Selonian (two syllable intonations, falling and rising) and Non-Selonian (falling and broken syllable intonations). There is a
1245:
The Middle dialect spoken in central and
Southwestern Latvia is the basis of standard Latvian. The dialect is divided into the Vidzeme variety, the Curonian variety and the Semigallian variety. The Vidzeme variety and the Semigallian variety are closer to each other than to the Curonian variety,
1171:
Languages and dialects in Latvia around 1860. 1: Middle dialect, or
Latvian written language, 2: the "purest" Latvian language, 3: Courlanders variant (Nordwestkurisch oder Tamisch), 4: the real estimater's variant (eigentliches Tamisch), 5: the northern variant of Livonian-Latvian (nordliches
893:
After the re-establishment of independence in 1991, a new policy of language education was introduced. The primary declared goal was the integration of all inhabitants into the environment of the official state language while protecting the languages of Latvia's ethnic minorities.
1108:
825:
elaborated the modern
Latvian alphabet, which slowly replaced the old orthography used before. Another feature of the language, in common with its sister language Lithuanian, that was developed at that time is that proper names from other countries and languages are
1233:, died in 2013, a child, Kuldi Medne, born in 2020 is reported to be a native speaker of Livonian. Her parents are Livonian language revival activists Jānis Mednis and Renāte Medne. The Latvian Government continued attempts to preserve the dialect following the
1940:
was based on German and did not represent the Latvian language phonemically. Initially, it was used to write religious texts for German priests to help them in their work with Latvians. The first writings in Latvian were chaotic: twelve variations of writing
1348:. As an example, in 2007, universities and colleges for the first time received applications from prospective students who had a bilingual secondary education in schools for minorities. Fluency in Latvian is expected in a variety of professions and careers.
1283:. The term "Latgalian" is sometimes also applied to all non-Selonian varieties or even the whole dialect. However, it is unclear if using the term for any varieties besides the standard language is accurate. While the term may refer to varieties spoken in
1304:
The history of the Latvian language (see below) has placed it in a peculiar position for a language of its size, whereby many non-native speakers speak it compared to native speakers. The immigrant and minority population in Latvia is 700,000 people:
556:, though their phonology and verbal morphology show many innovations (in other words, forms that did not exist in Proto-Indo-European), with Latvian being considerably more innovative than Lithuanian. However, Latvian has been also influenced by the
886:. As a result, the proportion of the ethnic Latvian population within the total population was reduced from 80% in 1935 to 52% in 1989. In Soviet Latvia, most of the immigrants who settled in the country did not learn Latvian. According to the 2011
830:
to fit the phonological system of Latvian, even if the original language also uses the Latin alphabet. Moreover, the names are modified to ensure that they have noun declension endings, declining like all other nouns. For example, a place such as
2010:
only, and letters that are not used in standard orthography are usually omitted. In this style, diacritics are replaced by digraphs – a doubled letter indicates a long vowel (as in Finnish and Estonian); a following
1957:
mark in the ending indicating two accents. Consonants were written using multiple letters following the example of German. The old orthography was used until the 20th century when modern orthography slowly replaced it.
742:
454:. There are about 1.2 million native Latvian speakers in Latvia and 100,000 abroad. Altogether, 2 million, or 80% of the population of Latvia, spoke Latvian in the 2000s, before the total number of inhabitants of
3926:
953:, government organizations (namely the Terminology Commission of the Latvian Academy of Science and the State Language Center) popularize the use of Latvian terms. A debate arose over the Latvian term for
1107:
1003:, the former being a direct translation into Latvian of the latter international term. Still, others are older or more euphonic loanwords rather than Latvian words. For example, "computer" can be either
1362:
Latvian grammar represents a classic Indo-European (Baltic) system with well developed inflection and derivation. Primary word stress, with some exceptions in derivation and inflection, is on the first
786:" who popularized the use of Latvian language. Participants in this movement laid the foundations for standard Latvian and also popularized the Latvianization of loan words. However, in the 1880s, when
1206:
in the Livonian dialect, extended and broken. In the Livonian dialect, short vowels at the end of words are discarded, while long vowels are shortened. In all genders and numbers, only one form of the
897:
Government-funded bilingual education was available in primary schools for ethnic minorities until 2019 when Parliament decided on educating only in Latvian. Minority schools are available for
1825:
corresponds to a letter so that the reader can almost always pronounce words by putting the letters together. There are only two exceptions to this consistency in the orthography: the letters
3246:
1337:
56% percent of respondents with Russian as their native language described having a good knowledge of Latvian, whereas for the younger generation (from 17 to 25 years) the number was 64%.
4202:
Viiding, Kristi (2004). "Das Porträt eines liv- und kurländischen orthodoxen Theologen (Georg Mancelius), anhand der ihm gewidmeten Geleit und Begrüßungsgedichte". In Sträter, Udo (ed.).
607:
3416:
For example the Latvian debitive verb form (man ir jāmācās “I must study” or “it is necessary for me to study”) and the Lithuanian frequentative past (jie eidavo “they used to go”).
3242:
2940:
4716:
3951:
1234:
933:
The Official Language Law was adopted on 9 December 1999. Several regulatory acts associated with this law have been adopted. Observance of the law is monitored by the
4157:
4044:
3930:
1334:
3420:
1340:
The increased adoption of Latvian by minorities was brought about by its status as the country's only official language and other changes in the society after the
1043:
648:
and Latvian started after 800 CE. At a minimum, transitional dialects existed until the 14th century or 15th century, and perhaps as late as the 17th century.
747:
667:—which resulted in these languages gradually losing their most distinct characteristics. This process of consolidation started in the 13th century after the
458:
slipped to 1.8 million in 2022. Of those, around 1.16 million or 62% of Latvia's population used it as their primary language at home, though excluding the
4127:
3774:
1993:(most notably the Windows 2000 and XP built-in layout (Latvian QWERTY), it is also default modifier in X11R6, thus a default in most Linux distributions).
1975:
ergonomic keyboard standard LVS 23-93 was also announced several months later, but it did not gain popularity due to its need for a custom-built keyboard.
3115:
3979:
4352:
3641:
688:
5386:
4417:
4143:, published Riga, 1848 (reprint), original edition 1739; "modern" old orthographies published into the 20th century do not double consonants
1123:
in Latvian: the Livonian dialect, High Latvian and the Middle dialect. Latvian dialects and their varieties should not be confused with the
1172:
Live-Lettisch), 6: Highland dialect (Oberländischer Dialekt oder Hochlettisch), 7: "True" Highland dialect (eigentliches Oberländisch), 9:
4058:
1321:, and others. The majority of immigrants settled in Latvia between 1940 and 1991; supplementing pre-existing ethnic minority communities (
2002:, to emerge for use in situations when the user is unable to access Latvian diacritic marks (e-mail, newsgroups, web user forums, chat,
5153:
1766:
to show length, unmodified letters being short; these letters are not differentiated while sorting (e.g. in dictionaries). The letters
481:, an extinct Baltic language); however, Latvian has followed a more rapid development. In addition, there is some disagreement whether
3395:
2576:
817:
After the death of Alexander III at the end of the 19th century, Latvian nationalist movements re-emerged. In 1908, Latvian linguists
3668:
1469:. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was replaced by a more phonologically consistent orthography which is heavily based on
1333:). The trends show that the proficiency of Latvian among its non-native speakers is gradually increasing. In a 2009 survey by the
882:
followed, primarily as a result of Stalin's plan to integrate Latvia and the other Baltic republics into the Soviet Union through
4583:
1949:
tried to systematize the writing. He wrote long vowels according to their position in the word – a short vowel followed by
4684:
3900:
3874:
4287:
4052:
1367:. There are no articles in Latvian; definiteness is expressed by an inflection of adjectives. Basic word order in Latvian is
1229:, who started to speak in Latvian and assimilated Livonian grammar into Latvian. Although initially its last native speaker,
3383:
The Latgalian language falls within the High Latvian dialect and is of course mutually intelligible with the other dialects.
4679:
4654:
779:
3605:
1861:, and some Latvians campaign for the adoption of this system in standard Latvian. However, Latvian grammarians argue that
355:
4857:
4674:
3417:
1225:. Due to migration and the introduction of a standardised language, this dialect has declined. It arose from assimilated
1167:
843:
381:
4356:
519:
4798:
4699:
4332:
3499:
3366:
361:
4823:
4767:
4711:
4410:
4306:
4215:
3555:
1908:
4989:
1036:
There are several contests held annually to promote the correct use of Latvian. One of them is "Word of the year" (
4694:
3765:
3437:
2551:
2524:
714:
371:
4342:
5146:
3342:
2945:
4948:
4882:
4162:
3904:
3878:
3737:
3672:
3645:
3370:
3196:
1996:
In the 1990s, lack of software support of diacritics caused an unofficial style of orthography, often called
934:
879:
855:
427:
346:
258:
3583:
276:
5381:
4999:
4938:
4403:
1291:, not all speakers identify as speaking Latgalian, for example, speakers of deep Non-Selonian varieties in
798:
145:
4079:
2785:
2774:
2770:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2731:
2724:
2715:
2710:
2698:
2693:
2685:
2680:
2611:
2607:
2564:
2559:
2541:
2536:
2516:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2444:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2399:
2394:
2389:
1870:
1834:
1830:
866:, tens of thousands of Latvians and other ethnicities were deported from Latvia. Massive immigration from
5177:
4813:
4669:
4576:
4207:
1368:
150:
4184:
1439:
There are three conjugation classes in Latvian. Verbs are conjugated for person, tense, mood and voice.
548:
branch of the family. It is one of two living Baltic languages with an official status, the other being
5032:
4962:
4757:
4507:
4237:
Introduction to Baltic Philology: A Textbook for Philology Students of Higher Education in the Republic
4007:
1807:
827:
734:
707:
1901:
are still used in some varieties and by many Latvians living beyond the borders of Latvia. The letter
1814:
representing the sounds , , and . Latvian orthography also contains nine digraphs, which are written
651:
Latvian as a distinct language emerged over several centuries from the language spoken by the ancient
5376:
5139:
5009:
4847:
4842:
4552:
3715:
3693:
3243:"At Home Latvian Is Spoken by 62% of Latvian Population; the Majority – in Vidzeme and Lubāna County"
2588:
1906:
307:
4721:
3476:
3271:
4867:
4772:
4762:
4233:
Baltų filologijos įvadas: Vadovėlis respublikos aukštųjų mokyklų filologijos specialybės studentams
4008:"The deep Latgalian variants of the High Latvian dialect in North-East Vidzeme (so-called Malenia)"
3456:"Baltic and Finnic linguistic relations reflected in geolinguistic studies of the Baltic languages"
1341:
1203:
637:
633:
616:
340:
1726:
The modern standard Latvian alphabet uses 22 unmodified letters of the Latin alphabet (all except
1434:
4752:
4689:
1184:
802:
537:
498:
103:
4035:
858:, during which at least 16,573 ethnic Latvians and Latvian nationals were executed. In the 1941
552:. The Latvian and Lithuanian languages have retained many features of the nominal morphology of
5042:
4974:
4830:
4803:
4649:
4569:
3852:
2368:
806:
466:
regions it is spoken as a native language in villages and towns by over 90% of the population.
435:
108:
5279:
4375:
3529:
5344:
5240:
5214:
5196:
5184:
4908:
4835:
4538:
4533:
3463:
3140:
2994:
2897:
2007:
1191:
1046:
since 2003. It features categories such as the "Best word", "Worst word", "Best saying" and "
980:
818:
641:
561:
494:
490:
478:
423:
155:
118:
4327:
3799:
1821:
Latvian spelling has almost one-to-one correspondence between graphemes and phonemes. Every
722:
5300:
5087:
4818:
4644:
4102:
3543:
1215:
1132:
822:
687:
The oldest known examples of written Latvian are from a 1530 translation of a hymn made by
660:
1230:
513:
8:
5284:
5274:
5261:
4984:
4943:
4928:
4862:
4808:
4740:
4624:
4492:
4477:
4426:
4360:
3275:
2909:
2482:
2451:
1448:
1288:
1251:
918:
910:
664:
645:
553:
549:
486:
474:
3954:["Kūldaläpš. Golden Child" - Livonian book for children and parents published].
1151:
Geographical distribution of the dialects in Latvia. Varieties of the Livonian dialect (
5321:
5266:
5207:
5062:
5014:
4923:
4852:
4786:
4634:
4512:
4456:
3517:
2931:
The first grammar of the Latvian language is a short “Manual on the Latvian language” (
2600:, or short. Plosives and fricatives occurring between two short vowels are lengthened:
2363:
1982:
or the US keyboards are used for writing in Latvian; diacritics are entered by using a
1858:
1763:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1276:
914:
883:
851:
787:
482:
317:
1885:
have not been used in the official Latvian language since 1946. Likewise, the digraph
850:
greatly affected the Latvian language. At the same time, the use of Latvian among the
332:
5293:
5249:
5221:
5106:
5072:
5024:
4933:
4896:
4704:
4601:
4482:
4461:
4322:
4302:
4283:
4211:
4121:
4048:
3561:
3551:
3505:
3495:
3455:
3348:
3338:
2854:
2850:
2814:
2372:
2336:
1470:
1414:
1272:
1181:
1173:
1136:
1128:
1124:
922:
730:
726:
693:
656:
557:
3221:
2857:. There are about 500-600 borrowings from Finnic languages in Latvian, for example:
1966:
809:, making Latvian-speakers the largest linguistic group in each of the governorates.
737:
was a founder of Latvian secular literature. He wrote the first illustrated Latvian
377:
5162:
5037:
4979:
4918:
4664:
4517:
4273:
4015:
3830:
3826:
2846:
2842:
2359:
2354:
2063:
2048:
1345:
1330:
950:
946:
902:
898:
875:
863:
859:
767:
676:
672:
668:
629:
541:
509:
470:
431:
414:
195:
113:
45:
4158:"From the Language of Serfs to Official EU Communication – the Journey of Latvian"
3763:
2788:), although some diphthongs are mostly limited to proper names and interjections.
5115:
5082:
5077:
5067:
5047:
4994:
4639:
4502:
4497:
4487:
4338:
State (Official) Language Commission (linguistic articles, applicable laws, etc.)
4020:
3716:"The First General Census of the Russian Empire of 1897 – Governorate of Livonia"
3424:
2925:
2834:
2705:
2528:
2377:
1998:
1946:
1488:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1410:
1398:
1357:
1322:
1057:
926:
906:
771:
703:
200:
95:
4380:
611:
Dictionary of the Polish-Latin-Latvian languages by Georgs Elgers, published in
5337:
5052:
4913:
3694:"The First General Census of the Russian Empire of 1897 – Courland governorate"
3619:
2932:
2408:
2015:
indicates palatalisation of consonants, i.e., a cedilla; and the postalveolars
783:
775:
587:
505:
451:
237:
184:
5228:
3952:"«Kūldaläpš. Zeltabērns» – izdota lībiešu valodas grāmata bērniem un vecākiem"
5370:
5120:
4629:
4619:
4614:
4267:
3565:
3509:
3352:
2643:
1422:
1418:
1402:
1318:
1255:
1211:
871:
847:
791:
738:
439:
66:
3135:
1818:. Non-standard varieties of Latvian add extra letters to this standard set.
890:
Latvian was the language spoken at home by 62% of the country's population.
5057:
4385:
4254:
2623:
2052:
2044:
1987:
1458:
1326:
969:, with their Latvianized and declinable ending, would be a better term for
867:
836:
778:
formed the upper class of local society. In the middle of the 19th century
758:; 1774), grammar books and Latvian–German and German–Latvian dictionaries.
545:
525:
191:
4278:
1730:). It adds a further eleven characters by modification. The vowel letters
835:(a Scottish parish) is likely to become Lekropta; the Scottish village of
312:
302:
293:
4659:
3980:"Death of a language: last ever speaker of Livonian passes away aged 103"
3489:
3398:. International Centre for Ethnic and Linguistic Diversity. 30 March 2018
3305:
2675:
2638:
1937:
1406:
1310:
718:
596:
2739:
2648:
2384:
1607:
1394:
1314:
1279:, which is based on deep non-Selonian varieties spoken in the south of
1067:
1047:
766:
Until the 19th century, the Latvian written language was influenced by
702:. The oldest preserved book in Latvian is a 1585 Catholic catechism of
652:
592:
572:
4395:
1802:, written with a comma placed underneath (or above them for lowercase
1258:, is closely related to the varieties of the Middle dialect spoken in
3984:
3927:"Obituary: Last Native Speaker of the Livonian Language Died Age 103"
3804:
3396:"Latgalian Language in Latvia: Between Politics, Linguistics and Law"
2781:
1990:
1954:
1842:
1393:, singular and plural. Nouns, adjectives, and declinable participles
1226:
1093:
991:
or new loanwords. For example, Latvian has two words for "telephone"—
675:, which formed a unified political, economic, and religious space in
325:
286:
268:
250:
4389:
1921:
600:
5352:
5131:
3610:
3160:
2798:
1983:
1953:
for a radical vowel, a short vowel in the suffix, and vowel with a
1929:
1926:
1364:
1306:
1259:
1195:
443:
389:
76:
4561:
3328:
3326:
4370:
3579:
2810:
1822:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1188:
1147:
1120:
832:
612:
459:
402:
385:
1296:
has also taken measures to protect the dialect from extinction.
1015:. Both are loanwords; the native Latvian word for "computer" is
4872:
4731:
4592:
3956:
3323:
1979:
1481:
Today, the Latvian standard orthography employs 33 characters:
1465:, while the alphabet of the Latgalian dialect was based on the
1077:
988:
887:
455:
447:
225:
56:
3019:
Grenzen des lettischen Volksstammes und der lettischen Sprache
1790:
are pronounced , and respectively, while when marked with a
1187:
than Latvian in other parts of Latvia. It is divided into the
655:
assimilating the languages of other neighboring Baltic tribes—
4609:
3642:"National treasure: The oldest Latvian-language book in Rīga"
3438:"Livones.net - Mutual influence between Livonian and Latvian"
2032:
1791:
987:
be used in all languages. New terms are Latvian derivatives,
3006:
Ueber die Sprach der preussischen Letten;; (Göttingen, 1888)
1214:
in both genders are derived with the endings -els, -ans. In
3764:
Latvian Centre for Human Rights and Ethnic Studies (2004).
2833:(trousers) were borrowed into Latvian, while the period of
1986:(usually ', occasionally ~). Some keyboard layouts use the
1207:
970:
954:
699:
560:. For example, Latvian borrowed first-syllable stress from
463:
2047:
coding, it is possible to input those two letters using a
388:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
360:
Use of Latvian as the primary language at home in 2011 by
2003:
1873:
sound being the only native Latvian phoneme. The digraph
1180:
The Livonian dialect of Latvian was more affected by the
4347:
1798:, they are pronounced , and respectively. The letters
801:, there were 505,994 (75.1%) speakers of Latvian in the
4365:
4103:"Latviešu valodas izmaiņas un funkcijas interneta vidē"
3418:
Baltic languages - Comparison of Lithuanian and Latvian
1237:
and currently it is learned by some people as a hobby.
4348:
English-Latvian and Latvian–English online translation
4109:(in Latvian). Archived from the original on 2012-05-24
4014:(in Latvian) (8 priedas). Vilnius University: 99–110.
2594:
Consonants can be long (written as double consonants)
644:) between 400 and 600 CE. The differentiation between
4337:
3767:
Analytical Report PHARE RAXEN_CC - Minority Education
3332:
3272:"Latvian Language Is Spoken by 62% of the Population"
2577:
assimilate to the voicing of the subsequent consonant
1785:
1777:
1769:
1757:
1749:
1741:
1733:
1086:(streaming) were named the best words of 2017, while
1070:) won the category of "Worst word". The word pair of
508:
in the mid-16th century with the reproduction of the
5359:
Question mark (?) indicates disputed classification.
3333:
Dahl, Östen; Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria, eds. (2001).
3299:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3116:
List of Latvian words borrowed from Old East Slavic
854:had already dwindled after the so-called 1937–1938
540:language family. It is classified as a part of the
4371:Examples of Latvian words and phrases (with sound)
4239:] (in Latvian). Vilnius: Mokslas. p. 101.
3667:Rozenberga, Māra; Sprēde, Antra (24 August 2016).
3490:International Business Publications, Usa. (2008).
1816:⟨ai, au, ei, ie, iu, ui, oi, dz, dž⟩
2051:. Latvian language code for cmd and .bat files -
1970:The rarely used Latvian ergonomic keyboard layout
473:, Latvian is most closely related to neighboring
5368:
4126:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
3666:
3492:Lithuania taxation laws and regulations handbook
3290:
3074:
2989:Tausend lettische Räthsel, übersetzt und erklärt
1027:has been considered an appropriate translation,
450:as well as one of the official languages of the
3669:"National treasure: The first Bible in Latvian"
3546:; Ramat, Paolo (1998). "The Baltic Languages".
3012:Beröringer melem de Finske og de Baltiske Sprog
2160:ka exkan Debbes tha arridtczan wuerſſon ſemmes
1905:is used only in Latgalian, where it represents
1344:that mostly shifted linguistic focus away from
1021:, which is also an official term. However, now
805:and 563,829 (43.4%) speakers of Latvian in the
743:The Book of High Wisdom of the World and Nature
4386:Latvian Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words
4265:
5147:
4577:
4411:
4366:National Agency for Latvian Language Training
4080:"The Next Challenge for the Latvian Language"
2892:Loanwords from other Baltic language include
2784:, four of which are only found in loanwords (
2773:, and the diphthongs involving it other than
2601:
2595:
1087:
1081:
1071:
1061:
1051:
1037:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
974:
964:
958:
755:Augstas gudrības grāmata no pasaules un dabas
753:
32:
4343:English–Latvian / Latvian–English dictionary
2290:Vnbe tas ſpeez vnb tas Goobtcz tur muſſige.
2219:kà arri mehs pamettam ſaweem parrahdneekeem
1841:indicates both the short and long , and the
1605:
1486:
1389:in Latvian (masculine and feminine) and two
4712:Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic 1944–1991
2228:Kaa arii mees piedodam saviem paraadniekiem
591:In 1649 settlement of the Latvian speaking
517:
5154:
5140:
4584:
4570:
4418:
4404:
4323:Live Latvian-language radio streams online
3542:
3237:
3235:
2237:Un ne eeweddi muhs eekſch kahrdinaſchanas
2234:Vnbe nhe wedde mums exkan kaerbenaſchenne
2057:
1371:; however, word order is relatively free.
354:
4277:
4100:
4019:
3901:"Best and worst words of 2017 underlined"
3875:"Best and worst words of 2018 underlined"
2181:Muhsu deeniſchtu maizi dod mums ſchodeen
1913:, a sound not present in other dialects.
1092:as an unnecessary plural of the name for
4296:
4185:"Baltic languages – Loanwords in Baltic"
4151:
4149:
4073:
4071:
3773:. Vienna: Minority Education in Latvia.
3603:
3453:
3183:
3171:
2066:in Latvian written in different styles:
1965:
1920:
1265:
1166:
1146:
1103:
606:
586:
571:
4425:
4253:
4201:
4037:Language situation in Latvia: 2004–2010
3572:
3494:. Intl Business Pubns Usa. p. 28.
3232:
2915:
2606:. Same with 'zs' that is pronounced as
2223:Kā arī mēs piedodam saviem parādniekiem
2216:ka mehs pammettam muſſims parabenekims
2190:Muusu dienishkjo maizi dod mums shodien
1961:
1877:was discarded in 1914, and the letters
1476:
1435:Latvian grammar § Verb conjugation
1425:. There are six declensions for nouns.
957:. The Terminology Commission suggested
382:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
5369:
4266:Kalnača, Andra; Lokmane, Ilze (2021).
4005:
3128:
3059:Wolter, "Die lettische Literatur," in
2178:Muſze beniſke mayſe bobe mums ſdjoben
1869:are found only in loanwords, with the
1299:
1096:was chosen as the worst word of 2017.
1060:) won the category of "Best word" and
438:of the family and it is spoken in the
5355:occasionally classified as languages
5135:
4675:Occupation by the Soviet Union (1940)
4565:
4399:
4333:Overview of the Latvian Language (en)
4155:
4146:
4077:
4068:
3449:
3447:
3266:
3264:
1837:. The second mismatch is that letter
413:
44:
5161:
4655:The First Latvian National Awakening
4272:. Rīga: University of Latvia Press.
3853:"'Glābējsilīte' is word of the year"
3606:"The Early History of Latvian Books"
3303:
3247:Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia
2293:Un tas ſpehks un tas gods muhſchigi
2163:kà debbeſîs tà arirdſan zemes wirsû
1845:. These three sounds are written as
780:the First Latvian National Awakening
682:
640:(or, perhaps, from the hypothetical
4591:
3977:
3944:
2977:(Mitau, 1866), popular in treatment
2975:Die Elemente der lettischen Sprache
2185:Mūsu dienišķo maizi dod mums šodien
1235:restoration of independence in 1990
1155:) are in blue, the Middle dialect (
1142:
576:Distribution of the Baltic tribes,
493:with Latvian, should be considered
13:
5343:Languages between parentheses are
4247:
3855:. Latvians Online. 18 January 2010
3444:
3367:"How Latgale chose to join Latvia"
3261:
2791:
2575:Consonants in consonant sequences
1916:
14:
5398:
4316:
3082:Latweeschu rakstneezibas wehsture
2845:. It also has loanwords from the
2074:(Cosmographia Universalis, 1544)
1240:
531:
4730:
4328:Official Language Law in English
4064:from the original on 2022-10-10.
3827:"No 'eira' - but 'eiro' will do"
3033:Lettische Volkslieder und Mythen
3028:(Latvian Folksongs, Mitau, 1894)
2937:Manuductio ad linguam lettonicam
2172:Kaa debesiis taa arii virs zemes
1889:was discarded in 1957, although
1829:represent two different sounds:
1254:, which used to be spoken along
983:insisted that the original name
937:run by the Ministry of Justice.
741:(1787), the first encyclopedia "
230:
218:
5232:(possibly separate West Baltic)
4695:Soviet deportations from Latvia
4224:
4195:
4177:
4134:
4094:
4028:
3999:
3971:
3919:
3893:
3867:
3845:
3819:
3792:
3780:from the original on 2022-10-10
3757:
3730:
3708:
3686:
3660:
3634:
3597:
3586:from the original on 2017-10-27
3550:. Routledge. pp. 454–479.
3536:
3483:
3430:
3410:
3388:
3359:
3103:Latviešu Rakstniecība Portrejās
3096:Latweeschu literaturas wehsture
3061:Die ost-europäische Literaturen
3047:Lehrbuch der lettischen Sprache
2953:
2246:Un neieved muus kaardinaashanaa
2199:Un pametti mums muhſu parradus
2196:Vnbe pammet mums muſſe parrabe
2106:Sweetyttz thope totws waerdtcz
1159:) in green, the Upper dialect (
1115:A young man speaking in Latvian
940:
812:
761:
5347:of the language on their left
4381:Latvian bilingual dictionaries
4376:Languages of the World:Latvian
3745:. Open Society Institute. 2001
3214:
3189:
3177:
3165:
3154:
3068:Kurzer Lettischer Sprachführer
2088:Muuſze Thews exkan tho Debbes
1442:
733:in 1691). The Lutheran pastor
1:
5387:Subject–verb–object languages
4299:Latvian: An Essential Grammar
4156:Veips, Lauris (13 May 2017).
4078:Gross, Arnis (July 4, 2015).
3929:. GeoCurrents. Archived from
3905:Public Broadcasting of Latvia
3879:Public Broadcasting of Latvia
3739:Minority Protection in Latvia
3673:Public Broadcasting of Latvia
3646:Public Broadcasting of Latvia
3371:Public Broadcasting of Latvia
3337:. John Benjamins Publishing.
3121:
3075:Literary histories in Latvian
2950:, published in 1644 in Riga.
2920:The first Latvian dictionary
2777:, are confined to loanwords.
2622:Latvian has six vowels, with
2587:s . Latvian does not feature
2341:
2272:Aefto thouwa gir ta walſtibe
2255:bet atpeſti muhs no ta launa
2252:Seth atpeſthmums no to loune
2210:Un piedod mums muusu paraadus
2167:Kā debesīs, tā arī virs zemes
2118:Sveetiits lai top tavs vaards
2109:Swehtits lai top taws wahrds
935:Latvian State Language Center
880:republics of the Soviet Union
856:Latvian Operation of the NKVD
583:(boundaries are approximate).
577:
446:and the official language of
428:Indo-European language family
4230:
4021:10.15388/baltistica.0.8.2114
3580:"Livonia. 13th-16th Century"
3222:"Dažādu tautu valodu prasme"
2804:
2549:
2522:
2480:
2449:
2406:
2382:
2330:
1945:. In 1631 the German priest
945:To counter the influence of
799:1897 Imperial Russian Census
717:into Latvian was the German
7:
4357:Webster's Online Dictionary
4208:Evangelische Verlagsanstalt
3604:Vīksniņš, Nicholas (1973).
3548:The Indo-European Languages
3335:The Circum-Baltic Languages
3109:
3089:Latwiju literaturas vēsture
2275:Jo tew peederr ta walſtiba
2266:Bet atpestii muus no ljauna
2205:Un piedod mums mūsu parādus
2008:basic Modern Latin alphabet
1099:
844:Soviet occupation of Latvia
415:[ˈlatviɛʃuˈvaluɔda]
46:[ˈlatviɛʃuˈvaluɔda]
10:
5403:
4685:by the Soviet Union (1944)
4353:Latvian–English Dictionary
2786:/aiuiɛiauiɛuɔiu(ɔi)ɛu(ɔu)/
2334:
2241:Un neieved mūs kārdināšanā
2124:Enaka mums touwe walſtibe
2113:Svētīts lai top tavs vārds
1812:⟨g, k, l, n⟩
1800:⟨ģ, ķ, ļ, ņ⟩
1728:⟨q, w, x, y⟩
1446:
1432:
1378:
1355:
1351:
1202:). There are two syllable
735:Gotthard Friedrich Stender
708:Uppsala University Library
623:
567:
504:Latvian first appeared in
5331:
5310:
5239:
5194:
5169:
5100:
5023:
4970:
4961:
4904:
4895:
4794:
4785:
4748:
4739:
4728:
4600:
4553:Language policy in Latvia
4547:
4526:
4470:
4449:
4433:
4101:Veinberga, Linda (2001).
3427:, Encyclopedia Britannica
2999:Lettische Dialekt-Studien
2763:
2719:
2689:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2634:
2617:
2589:final-obstruent devoicing
2305:Speeks un gods muuzhiigi.
1461:was first based upon the
706:currently located at the
368:
353:
339:
323:
308:Standard Latvian language
284:
266:
248:
243:
213:Official language in
211:
206:
181:
166:
138:
92:
82:
72:
62:
52:
40:
31:
26:
21:
16:Baltic language of Latvia
4799:Administrative divisions
4047:. 2012. pp. 18–20.
3960:(in Latvian). 2022-10-18
3201:European-union.europa.eu
2941:Johans Georgs Rehehūzens
2626:as distinctive feature:
2261:Bet atpestī mūs no ļauna
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1428:
1374:
1342:fall of the Soviet Union
617:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
520:Cosmographia universalis
442:. It is the language of
362:municipalities of Latvia
5351:Asterisk (*) indicates
4824:Government institutions
4297:Prauliņš, Dace (2012).
4045:Latvian Language Agency
3800:"Official Language Law"
3454:Stafecka, Anna (2014).
3197:"EU official languages"
3024:Baron and Wissendorff,
2928:was published in 1638.
2837:brought loanwords like
2284:Jo tev pieder valstiiba
2145:Taws prahts lai noteek
2136:Lai naak tava valstiiba
2127:Lai nahk tawa walſtiba
2058:Comparative orthography
1796:⟨č, š, ž⟩
1335:Latvian Language Agency
803:Governorate of Courland
536:Latvian belongs to the
88:1.5 million (2023)
4301:. London: Routeledge.
4206:(in German). Leipzig:
3471:Cite journal requires
3304:Žemaitis, Augustinas.
3021:(St. Petersburg, 1892)
2936:
2602:
2596:
2300:Spēks un gods mūžīgi.
2279:Jo tev pieder valstība
2154:Tavs praats lai notiek
2077:Old orthography, 1739
1971:
1933:
1177:
1164:
1116:
1088:
1082:
1072:
1062:
1052:
1038:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
975:
965:
959:
807:Governorate of Livonia
754:
620:
604:
584:
518:
406:
370:This article contains
33:
4949:2008 financial crisis
4539:Russian Sign Language
4534:Latvian Sign Language
4390:Swadesh-list appendix
4279:10.22364/latgram.2021
4204:Orthodoxie und Poesie
4006:Markus, Dace (2012).
3544:Ramat, Anna Giacalone
3141:TheFreeDictionary.com
3040:Ein glückliches Leben
2982:Lettisches Wörterbuch
2961:Die lettische Sprache
2877:‘mountain ash’ (Liv.
2809:During the period of
2149:Tavs prāts lai notiek
2131:Lai nāk tava valstība
2091:Muhſu Tehvs debbeſîs
1969:
1924:
1266:Upper Latvian dialect
1198:variety (also called
1170:
1161:Augšzemnieku dialekts
1150:
1114:
981:European Central Bank
973:than the widely used
839:becomes Tilikutrija.
782:was started, led by "
698:, a German pastor in
642:proto-Baltic language
634:East Baltic languages
610:
590:
575:
562:Finno-Ugric languages
491:mutually intelligible
4261:. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
4231:Kabelka, J. (1982).
2980:Ulmann and Brasche,
2916:History of the study
2780:Latvian also has 10
2142:Tows praetcz noteſe
2100:Muusu teevs debesiis
1962:Latvian on computers
1827:⟨e, ē⟩
1477:Standard orthography
1050:". In 2018 the word
1044:Riga Latvian Society
828:altered phonetically
713:The first person to
430:. It belongs to the
424:East Baltic language
5382:Languages of Latvia
5000:Illegal immigration
4883:Statistical regions
4670:War of Independence
4625:Corded Ware culture
4427:Languages of Latvia
4388:(from Wiktionary's
4361:The Rosetta Edition
3933:on October 26, 2013
3618:(3). Archived from
3278:. 26 September 2013
3276:Baltic News Network
3249:. 26 September 2013
3054:Lettische Grammatik
2968:Lettische Grammatik
2631:
2552:Lateral approximant
2525:Central approximant
2348:
2347:Latvian consonants
2080:Modern orthography
2006:etc.). It uses the
1932:in old orthography.
1449:Latvian orthography
1387:grammatical genders
1369:subject–verb–object
1300:Non-native speakers
1252:Kursenieki language
1250:is still used. The
1042:) organized by the
715:translate the Bible
630:glottochronological
554:Proto-Indo-European
436:Balto-Slavic branch
146:Proto-Indo-European
5178:Proto-Balto-Slavic
4939:Telecommunications
4924:Latvian euro coins
4635:Kingdom of Livonia
4471:Minority languages
4450:Regional languages
4259:Metatony in Baltic
3718:. Demoscope Weekly
3696:. Demoscope Weekly
3528:has generic name (
3423:2021-10-25 at the
3091:(Jelgava, 1908–09)
3014:(Copenhagen, 1890)
2629:
2346:
1978:Nowadays standard
1972:
1934:
1899:⟨ch⟩
1887:⟨ch⟩
1875:⟨uo⟩
1855:⟨uo⟩
1806:), which indicate
1467:Polish orthography
1463:German orthography
1397:into seven cases:
1381:Latvian declension
1277:Latgalian language
1178:
1165:
1153:Lībiskais dialekts
1117:
852:Latvians in Russia
788:Czar Alexander III
723:Johann Ernst Glück
632:speculations, the
628:According to some
621:
605:
585:
499:separate languages
318:Latgalian language
151:Proto-Balto-Slavic
5364:
5363:
5338:extinct languages
5129:
5128:
5096:
5095:
4957:
4956:
4891:
4890:
4858:Political parties
4814:Foreign relations
4781:
4780:
4722:Post independence
4705:Latvian partisans
4559:
4558:
4434:Official language
4289:978-9934-18-635-6
4082:. Latvians Online
4054:978-9984-815-81-7
3907:. 31 January 2018
3881:. 28 January 2019
3049:(Vienna, c. 1907)
3001:(Göttingen, 1885)
2963:(Berlin, 1863–64)
2885:‘mushroom’ (Liv.
2815:Middle Low German
2768:
2767:
2573:
2572:
2337:Latvian phonology
2328:
2327:
2295:
2257:
2201:
2095:Mūsu tēvs debesīs
2072:First orthography
2062:For example, the
2027:are written with
1903:⟨y⟩
1895:⟨ŗ⟩
1891:⟨ō⟩
1883:⟨ŗ⟩
1879:⟨ō⟩
1867:⟨ō⟩
1863:⟨o⟩
1851:⟨ō⟩
1847:⟨o⟩
1839:⟨o⟩
1724:
1723:
1471:Czech orthography
1273:standard language
1231:Grizelda Kristiņa
1182:Livonian language
1174:Livonian language
1112:
797:According to the
790:came into power,
731:The Old Testament
727:The New Testament
683:16th–18th century
558:Livonian language
544:subbranch of the
514:Sebastian Münster
426:belonging to the
418:), also known as
396:
395:
378:rendering support
374:phonetic symbols.
299:Individual codes:
5394:
5377:Latvian language
5163:Baltic languages
5156:
5149:
5142:
5133:
5132:
5109:
4968:
4967:
4902:
4901:
4878:
4792:
4791:
4758:Cultural regions
4746:
4745:
4734:
4665:Latvian Riflemen
4586:
4579:
4572:
4563:
4562:
4420:
4413:
4406:
4397:
4396:
4312:
4293:
4281:
4262:
4241:
4240:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4153:
4144:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4125:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4075:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4042:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3978:Charter, David.
3975:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3833:. 6 October 2004
3831:The Baltic Times
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3779:
3772:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3744:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3648:. 25 August 2016
3638:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3622:on 24 April 2012
3601:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3527:
3523:
3521:
3513:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3474:
3469:
3467:
3459:
3451:
3442:
3441:
3434:
3428:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3378:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3330:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3301:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3268:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3239:
3230:
3229:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3132:
2949:
2908:(hangover) from
2847:Finnic languages
2787:
2776:
2772:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2733:
2726:
2717:
2712:
2700:
2695:
2687:
2682:
2632:
2628:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2566:
2561:
2543:
2538:
2518:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2349:
2345:
2294:
2256:
2200:
2069:
2068:
2049:numerical keypad
2043:are part of the
1912:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1817:
1813:
1801:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1773:
1761:
1753:
1745:
1737:
1729:
1484:
1483:
1331:Latvian Russians
1143:Livonian dialect
1119:There are three
1113:
1091:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1041:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
978:
968:
962:
876:Byelorussian SSR
864:Operation Priboi
860:June deportation
846:, the policy of
819:Kārlis Mīlenbahs
770:pastors and the
757:
751:
697:
677:Medieval Livonia
673:christianization
669:Livonian Crusade
597:Memel (Klaipėda)
582:
579:
523:
432:Baltic subbranch
417:
412:
358:
349:
335:
315:
305:
297:– inclusive code
296:
289:
280:
279:
271:
262:
261:
253:
236:
234:
233:
224:
222:
221:
196:Latvian alphabet
187:
98:
48:
36:
19:
18:
5402:
5401:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5391:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5360:
5327:
5306:
5235:
5190:
5165:
5160:
5130:
5125:
5112:
5105:
5092:
5019:
5010:Public holidays
4953:
4887:
4876:
4848:Law enforcement
4843:Language policy
4777:
4768:Protected areas
4735:
4726:
4680:by Nazi Germany
4650:Russian Livonia
4640:Swedish Livonia
4596:
4590:
4560:
4555:
4543:
4522:
4466:
4445:
4429:
4424:
4319:
4309:
4290:
4269:Latvian Grammar
4250:
4248:Further reading
4245:
4244:
4229:
4225:
4218:
4200:
4196:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4168:
4166:
4154:
4147:
4139:
4135:
4119:
4118:
4112:
4110:
4099:
4095:
4085:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4061:
4055:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4004:
4000:
3990:
3988:
3976:
3972:
3963:
3961:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3936:
3934:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3910:
3908:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3884:
3882:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3858:
3856:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3810:
3808:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3770:
3762:
3758:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3721:
3719:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3699:
3697:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3677:
3675:
3665:
3661:
3651:
3649:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3625:
3623:
3602:
3598:
3589:
3587:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3558:
3541:
3537:
3525:
3524:
3515:
3514:
3502:
3488:
3484:
3472:
3470:
3461:
3460:
3452:
3445:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3425:Wayback Machine
3415:
3411:
3401:
3399:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3376:
3374:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3345:
3331:
3324:
3314:
3312:
3302:
3291:
3281:
3279:
3270:
3269:
3262:
3252:
3250:
3241:
3240:
3233:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3203:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3184:Prauliņš (2012)
3182:
3178:
3172:Prauliņš (2012)
3170:
3166:
3159:
3155:
3146:
3144:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3112:
3077:
3056:(Hamburg, 2001)
2984:(Riga, 1872–80)
2956:
2943:
2926:Georg Mancelius
2918:
2841:(chimney) from
2835:Swedish Livonia
2829:(to build) and
2807:
2794:
2792:Syllable accent
2630:Latvian vowels
2620:
2610:, šs and žs as
2344:
2339:
2333:
2083:Internet-style
2073:
2060:
1964:
1947:Georg Mancelius
1919:
1917:Old orthography
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1866:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1838:
1826:
1815:
1811:
1799:
1795:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1755:
1747:
1739:
1731:
1727:
1608:Minuscule forms
1498:capital letters
1489:Majuscule forms
1479:
1455:
1453:Latvian Braille
1447:Main articles:
1445:
1437:
1431:
1383:
1377:
1360:
1358:Latvian grammar
1354:
1323:Latvian Germans
1302:
1268:
1243:
1145:
1104:
1102:
1058:instant payment
943:
823:Jānis Endzelīns
815:
772:German language
768:German Lutheran
764:
745:
704:Petrus Canisius
691:
685:
626:
601:Danzig (Gdańsk)
580:
570:
534:
471:Baltic language
410:
407:latviešu valoda
376:Without proper
364:
345:
331:
311:
310:
301:
300:
298:
292:
285:
275:
274:
267:
257:
256:
249:
231:
229:
228:
219:
217:
214:
207:Official status
201:Latvian Braille
199:
188:
183:
162:
141:
134:
99:
96:Language family
94:
85:
84:Native speakers
34:latviešu valoda
17:
12:
11:
5:
5400:
5390:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5362:
5361:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5316:
5314:
5312:Dnieper Baltic
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5297:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5282:
5272:
5271:
5270:
5264:
5254:
5245:
5243:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5233:
5225:
5218:
5211:
5202:
5200:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5181:
5173:
5171:
5167:
5166:
5159:
5158:
5151:
5144:
5136:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5118:
5111:
5110:
5102:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5029:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4971:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4929:Stock Exchange
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4905:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4870:
4868:Prime Minister
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4795:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4749:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4645:Polish Livonia
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4610:Ancient Latvia
4606:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4595: articles
4589:
4588:
4581:
4574:
4566:
4557:
4556:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4530:
4528:
4527:Sign languages
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4430:
4423:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4318:
4317:External links
4315:
4314:
4313:
4307:
4294:
4288:
4263:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4223:
4216:
4194:
4189:britannica.com
4176:
4145:
4133:
4093:
4067:
4053:
4027:
3998:
3970:
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3918:
3892:
3866:
3844:
3818:
3791:
3756:
3729:
3707:
3685:
3659:
3633:
3596:
3571:
3556:
3535:
3501:978-1433080289
3500:
3482:
3473:|journal=
3443:
3429:
3409:
3387:
3358:
3343:
3322:
3289:
3260:
3231:
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3188:
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3111:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3064:
3063:(Berlin, 1908)
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3035:(Halle, 1896 )
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3004:Bezzenberger,
3002:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2955:
2952:
2917:
2914:
2861:‘house’ (Liv.
2849:, mainly from
2821:(profession),
2817:words such as
2806:
2803:
2793:
2790:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2702:
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2696:
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2683:
2678:
2672:
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2659:
2656:
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2646:
2641:
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2571:
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2397:
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2387:
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2380:
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2343:
2340:
2335:Main article:
2332:
2329:
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2207:
2202:
2197:
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2187:
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2169:
2164:
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2157:
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2128:
2125:
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2120:
2115:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2059:
2056:
2031:replacing the
1963:
1960:
1918:
1915:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
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1664:
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1625:
1621:
1620:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
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1569:
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1560:
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1542:
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1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1478:
1475:
1444:
1441:
1433:Main article:
1430:
1427:
1385:There are two
1379:Main article:
1376:
1373:
1356:Main article:
1353:
1350:
1301:
1298:
1267:
1264:
1242:
1241:Middle dialect
1239:
1221:is changed to
1212:Personal names
1157:Vidus dialekts
1144:
1141:
1101:
1098:
1033:is also used.
942:
939:
814:
811:
784:Young Latvians
776:Baltic Germans
763:
760:
684:
681:
625:
622:
569:
566:
533:
532:Classification
530:
512:in Latvian in
452:European Union
394:
393:
380:, you may see
366:
365:
359:
351:
350:
343:
337:
336:
329:
321:
320:
290:
282:
281:
272:
264:
263:
254:
246:
245:
244:Language codes
241:
240:
238:European Union
215:
212:
209:
208:
204:
203:
189:
185:Writing system
182:
179:
178:
177:
176:
173:
168:
164:
163:
161:
160:
159:
158:
144:
142:
139:
136:
135:
133:
132:
131:
130:
129:
128:
127:
126:
102:
100:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
54:
53:Native to
50:
49:
42:
38:
37:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5399:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5335:
5330:
5324:
5323:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5273:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5242:
5238:
5231:
5230:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5193:
5187:
5186:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5170:Reconstructed
5168:
5164:
5157:
5152:
5150:
5145:
5143:
5138:
5137:
5134:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5058:Latvian names
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4990:Ethnic groups
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4738:
4733:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4700:Guerrilla war
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4630:Terra Mariana
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4620:Narva culture
4618:
4616:
4615:Kunda culture
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4594:
4587:
4582:
4580:
4575:
4573:
4568:
4567:
4564:
4554:
4551:
4546:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4525:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4421:
4416:
4414:
4409:
4407:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4310:
4308:9780415576925
4304:
4300:
4295:
4291:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4255:Derksen, Rick
4252:
4251:
4238:
4234:
4227:
4219:
4217:3-374-01997-8
4213:
4209:
4205:
4198:
4190:
4186:
4180:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4152:
4150:
4142:
4137:
4129:
4123:
4108:
4104:
4097:
4081:
4074:
4072:
4060:
4056:
4050:
4046:
4039:
4038:
4031:
4022:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4002:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3974:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3947:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3880:
3876:
3870:
3854:
3848:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3795:
3776:
3769:
3768:
3760:
3741:
3740:
3733:
3717:
3711:
3695:
3689:
3674:
3670:
3663:
3647:
3643:
3637:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3600:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3557:9781134921867
3553:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3531:
3519:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3493:
3486:
3478:
3465:
3457:
3450:
3448:
3439:
3433:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3413:
3397:
3391:
3384:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3340:
3336:
3329:
3327:
3311:
3307:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3236:
3228:(in Latvian).
3227:
3223:
3217:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3185:
3180:
3173:
3168:
3162:
3161:Valsts valoda
3157:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3127:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3038:Bielenstein,
3037:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3026:Latwju dainas
3023:
3020:
3017:Bielenstein,
3016:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2991:(Mitau, 1881)
2990:
2987:Bielenstein,
2986:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2973:Bielenstein,
2972:
2970:(Mitau, 1863)
2969:
2966:Bielenstein,
2965:
2962:
2959:Bielenstein,
2958:
2957:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2900:, as well as
2899:
2895:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2800:
2789:
2783:
2778:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2729:
2722:
2714:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2697:
2692:
2684:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2615:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2583:gabals or la
2582:
2578:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2491:)
2486:
2484:
2481:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2439:
2430:
2421:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2369:Post-alveolar
2367:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2338:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2064:Lord's Prayer
2055:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1968:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1914:
1910:
1860:
1844:
1824:
1819:
1809:
1805:
1793:
1787:
1779:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1751:
1743:
1735:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1617:small letters
1614:
1611:(also called
1610:
1609:
1604:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1492:(also called
1491:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1256:Curonian Spit
1253:
1249:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1175:
1169:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
995:
990:
986:
982:
977:
972:
967:
961:
956:
952:
948:
938:
936:
931:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
895:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
872:Ukrainian SSR
869:
865:
862:and the 1949
861:
857:
853:
849:
848:Russification
845:
840:
838:
834:
829:
824:
820:
810:
808:
804:
800:
795:
793:
792:Russification
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
759:
756:
749:
744:
740:
739:alphabet book
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
711:
709:
705:
701:
695:
690:
689:Nikolaus Ramm
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
618:
614:
609:
602:
598:
595:spanned from
594:
589:
574:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
538:Indo-European
529:
527:
522:
521:
515:
511:
510:Lord's Prayer
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
440:Baltic region
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
416:
408:
404:
400:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
373:
367:
363:
357:
352:
348:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
328:
327:
322:
319:
316: –
314:
309:
306: –
304:
295:
291:
288:
283:
278:
273:
270:
265:
260:
255:
252:
247:
242:
239:
227:
216:
210:
205:
202:
197:
193:
190:
186:
180:
175:Upper Latvian
174:
171:
170:
169:
165:
157:
154:
153:
152:
149:
148:
147:
143:
137:
125:
122:
121:
120:
117:
116:
115:
112:
111:
110:
107:
106:
105:
104:Indo-European
101:
97:
91:
87:
81:
78:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
41:Pronunciation
39:
35:
30:
25:
20:
5356:
5348:
5340:
5333:
5319:
5311:
5299:
5292:
5256:
5248:
5227:
5220:
5215:Old Prussian
5213:
5205:
5195:
5185:Proto-Baltic
5183:
5176:
5043:Coat of arms
5004:
4975:Demographics
4914:Central bank
4877:(parliament)
4873:
4831:Human rights
4804:Constitution
4717:Independence
4549:
4440:
4298:
4268:
4258:
4236:
4232:
4226:
4203:
4197:
4188:
4179:
4167:. Retrieved
4161:
4140:
4136:
4111:. Retrieved
4106:
4096:
4084:. Retrieved
4036:
4030:
4011:
4001:
3989:. Retrieved
3983:
3973:
3962:. Retrieved
3955:
3946:
3935:. Retrieved
3931:the original
3921:
3909:. Retrieved
3895:
3883:. Retrieved
3869:
3857:. Retrieved
3847:
3835:. Retrieved
3821:
3809:. Retrieved
3803:
3794:
3782:. Retrieved
3766:
3759:
3747:. Retrieved
3738:
3732:
3722:December 31,
3720:. Retrieved
3710:
3700:December 31,
3698:. Retrieved
3688:
3676:. Retrieved
3662:
3650:. Retrieved
3636:
3624:. Retrieved
3620:the original
3615:
3609:
3599:
3588:. Retrieved
3574:
3547:
3538:
3491:
3485:
3464:cite journal
3432:
3412:
3400:. Retrieved
3390:
3382:
3375:. Retrieved
3373:. 2 May 2017
3361:
3334:
3313:. Retrieved
3310:OnLatvia.com
3309:
3280:. Retrieved
3251:. Retrieved
3225:
3216:
3204:. Retrieved
3200:
3191:
3179:
3167:
3156:
3145:. Retrieved
3139:
3130:
3105:(Rīga, 1923)
3102:
3098:(Riga, 1908)
3095:
3088:
3084:(Riga, 1907)
3081:
3070:(Riga, 1910)
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3042:(Riga, 1904)
3039:
3032:
3031:Andreianov,
3025:
3018:
3011:
3005:
2998:
2995:Bezzenberger
2988:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2954:Bibliography
2930:
2924:compiled by
2921:
2919:
2905:
2904:(store) and
2901:
2898:Old Prussian
2896:(body) from
2893:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2869:‘boy’ (Liv.
2866:
2862:
2858:
2838:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2808:
2795:
2779:
2769:
2621:
2593:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2509:
2500:
2471:
2462:
2443:
2434:
2425:
2416:
2322:
2317:
2304:
2299:
2283:
2278:
2265:
2260:
2245:
2240:
2227:
2222:
2209:
2204:
2189:
2184:
2171:
2166:
2153:
2148:
2135:
2130:
2117:
2112:
2099:
2094:
2061:
2053:Windows-1257
2045:Windows-1252
2040:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
1997:
1995:
1988:modifier key
1977:
1973:
1950:
1942:
1935:
1820:
1810:versions of
1803:
1725:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1480:
1459:Latin script
1456:
1438:
1415:instrumental
1384:
1361:
1339:
1327:Latvian Jews
1303:
1269:
1247:
1244:
1222:
1218:
1199:
1179:
1163:) in yellow.
1160:
1156:
1152:
1118:
1063:influenceris
1053:zibmaksājums
1035:
984:
944:
941:21st century
932:
896:
892:
884:colonization
878:, and other
868:Russian SFSR
841:
837:Tillicoultry
816:
813:20th century
796:
765:
762:19th century
729:in 1685 and
712:
686:
650:
627:
546:Balto-Slavic
535:
526:Latin script
503:
489:, which are
479:Old Prussian
477:(as well as
468:
419:
398:
397:
369:
341:Linguasphere
324:
156:Proto-Baltic
123:
109:Balto-Slavic
5301:Semigallian
5280:Aukštaitian
5241:East Baltic
5197:West Baltic
4909:Agriculture
4660:New Current
4107:politika.lv
4086:October 27,
3859:14 February
3784:3 September
3749:3 September
3626:3 September
3526:|last=
3306:"Languages"
3186:, p. 1
3174:, p. 1
3094:Lehgolnis,
3080:Klaushush,
2944: [
1938:orthography
1808:palatalized
1762:can take a
1457:Latvian in
1443:Orthography
1311:Belarusians
1204:intonations
1139:languages.
1133:Semigallian
1083:straumēšana
1030:skaitļotājs
1018:skaitļotājs
746: [
692: [
671:and forced
661:Semigallian
638:West Baltic
636:split from
581: 1200
524:(1544), in
384:instead of
140:Early forms
119:East Baltic
5371:Categories
5285:Samogitian
5275:Lithuanian
5262:Kursenieki
5088:Television
5063:Literature
4980:Healthcare
4819:Government
4493:Lithuanian
4478:Belarusian
4169:27 October
4113:2007-07-28
4012:Baltistica
3964:2023-07-19
3937:2013-12-01
3911:28 January
3885:28 January
3678:27 October
3652:27 October
3590:2017-10-27
3377:27 October
3344:9027230579
3282:30 October
3253:30 October
3147:2007-07-28
3122:References
3045:Brentano,
2910:Lithuanian
2839:skurstenis
2782:diphthongs
2342:Consonants
1411:accusative
1399:nominative
1315:Ukrainians
1289:Latgalians
1185:substratum
1089:transporti
1068:influencer
1048:Word salad
1039:Gada vārds
1012:kompjūters
919:Belarusian
911:Lithuanian
842:After the
774:, because
653:Latgalians
646:Lithuanian
593:Kursenieki
550:Lithuanian
487:Kursenieki
475:Lithuanian
411:pronounced
5345:varieties
5336:indicate
5322:Galindian
5267:Latgalian
5208:Galindian
5073:Mythology
4985:Education
4944:Transport
4863:President
4809:Elections
4741:Geography
4690:Holocaust
4550:See Also:
4513:Ukrainian
4457:Latgalian
3985:The Times
3811:9 January
3805:likumi.lv
3566:908192063
3518:cite book
3510:946497138
3353:872451315
3136:"Lettish"
3087:Pludons,
3066:Kalning,
3010:Thomsen,
2805:Loanwords
2483:Fricative
2452:Affricate
2331:Phonology
1999:translits
1955:diacritic
1859:Latgalian
1843:diphthong
1613:lowercase
1494:uppercase
1227:Livonians
1210:is used.
1176:(Livisch)
1094:transport
915:Ukrainian
794:started.
495:varieties
483:Latgalian
326:Glottolog
287:ISO 639-3
269:ISO 639-2
251:ISO 639-1
73:Ethnicity
5353:dialects
5294:Selonian
5250:Curonian
5229:Skalvian
5222:Sudovian
5116:Category
5015:Religion
5005:Language
4853:Military
4787:Politics
4483:Estonian
4462:Livonian
4359: –
4257:(1996).
4122:cite web
4059:Archived
3991:1 August
3775:Archived
3611:Lituanus
3584:Archived
3421:Archived
3402:6 August
3315:1 August
3206:1 August
3110:See also
3101:Prande,
2894:ķermenis
2875:pīlādzis
2855:Estonian
2851:Livonian
2799:sonorant
2579:, e.g. a
2364:Alveolar
1984:dead key
1936:The old
1930:hymnbook
1927:Lutheran
1925:Latvian
1788:⟩
1784:⟨
1780:⟩
1776:⟨
1772:⟩
1768:⟨
1760:⟩
1756:⟨
1752:⟩
1748:⟨
1744:⟩
1740:⟨
1736:⟩
1732:⟨
1423:vocative
1419:locative
1403:genitive
1365:syllable
1307:Russians
1260:Courland
1216:prefixes
1200:tāmnieku
1196:Courland
1194:and the
1137:Selonian
1129:Curonian
1125:Livonian
1121:dialects
1100:Dialects
1073:straumēt
1000:telefons
994:tālrunis
979:, while
923:Estonian
719:Lutheran
665:Selonian
657:Curonian
444:Latvians
422:, is an
390:Help:IPA
347:54-AAB-a
333:latv1249
167:Dialects
77:Latvians
5334:Italics
5257:Latvian
5107:Outline
5078:Pottery
5048:Cuisine
5025:Culture
4963:Society
4934:Tourism
4897:Economy
4753:Climate
4602:History
4518:Yiddish
4508:Russian
4441:Latvian
3837:28 July
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