Danish language - Knowledge

1131: 2101: 1964: 619: 653: 2480:. Insular Danish traditional dialects also conserved three grammatical genders. By 1900, Zealand insular dialects had been reduced to two genders under influence from the standard language, but other Insular varieties, such as Funen dialect had not. Besides using three genders, the old Insular or Funen dialect, could also use personal pronouns (like he and she) in certain cases, particularly referring to animals. A classic example in traditional Funen dialect is the sentence: "Katti, han får unger", literally 6137:- a research project at Aarhus University, funded by the Danish Research Council - investigates whether the challenging sound structure of Danish has an impact on how native speakers process and produce Danish language. Their findings suggest that native speakers of Danish tend to use contextual cues to process Danish sounds and sentences, more than native speakers of other comparable languages, and that they produce more lexically, syntactically, and semantically redundant language in conversation. 1960:. The influence of popular literary role models, together with increased requirements of education did much to strengthen the Danish language, and also started a period of homogenization, whereby the Copenhagen standard language gradually displaced the regional vernacular languages. Throughout the 19th century, Danes emigrated, establishing small expatriate communities in the Americas, particularly in the United States, Canada, and Argentina, where memory and some use of Danish remains today. 2024:("regional languages") remain, and are in some cases vital. Today, the major varieties of Standard Danish are High Copenhagen Standard, associated with elderly, well to-do, and well educated people of the capital, and low Copenhagen speech traditionally associated with the working class, but today adopted as the prestige variety of the younger generations. Also, in the 21st century, the influence of immigration has had linguistic consequences, such as the emergence of a so-called 9490: 5877: 1342: 819:. It spread through use in the education system and administration, though German and Latin continued to be the most important written languages well into the 17th century. Following the loss of territory to Germany and Sweden, a nationalist movement adopted the language as a token of Danish identity, and the language experienced a strong surge in use and popularity, with major works of literature produced in the 18th and 19th centuries. Today, traditional 40: 546: 2246: 849:. Due to the many pronunciation differences that set Danish apart from its neighboring languages, particularly the vowels, difficult prosody and "weakly" pronounced consonants, it is sometimes considered to be a "difficult language to learn, acquire and understand", and some evidence shows that children are slower to acquire the phonological distinctions of Danish compared to other languages. The grammar is moderately 2521:

consonants. Furthermore, the language's prosody does not include many clues about the sentence structure, unlike many other languages, making it relatively more difficult to perceive the different sounds of the speech flow. These factors taken together make Danish pronunciation difficult to master for learners, and research shows Danish children take slightly longer in learning to segment speech in early childhood.

3213: 1306:. A proficient speaker of any of the three languages can often understand the others fairly well, though studies have shown that the mutual intelligibility is asymmetric: Norwegian speakers generally understand both Danish and Swedish far better than Swedes or Danes understand each other. Concomitantly, Swedes and Danes understand Norwegian better than they understand each other's languages. 2274: 2254: 2537:, which only occur in unstressed syllables. This gives a total of 27 different vowel phonemes – a very large number among the world's languages. At least 19 different diphthongs also occur, all with a short first vowel and the second segment being either , , or . The table below shows the approximate distribution of the vowels as given by 2292:. Unlike Swedish and Norwegian, Danish does not have more than one regional speech norm. More than 25% of all Danish speakers live in the metropolitan area of the capital, and most government agencies, institutions, and major businesses keep their main offices in Copenhagen, which has resulted in a very homogeneous national speech norm. 3482:; the common gender arose as the historical feminine and masculine genders conflated into a single category. Some traditional dialects retain a three-way gender distinction, between masculine, feminine and neuter, and some dialects of Jutland have a masculine/feminine contrast. While the majority of Danish nouns (ca. 75%) have the 6173:(Grammar of the Danish Language) by Erik Hansen & Lars Heltoft, and it is written in Danish and contains over 1800 pages. Multiple phonologies have been written, most importantly by Basbøll and Grønnum, based on work that used to take place at the former Institute of Phonetics at the University of Copenhagen. 2018:, the High Copenhagen Standard, in national broadcasting, the traditional dialects came under increased pressure. In the 20th century, they have all but disappeared, and the standard language has extended throughout the country. Minor regional pronunciation variation of the standard language, sometimes called 5601:. There is no rule that subjects must occur in the preverbal slot, but since subject and topic often coincide, they often do. Therefore, whenever any sentence material that is not the subject occurs in the preverbal position the subject is demoted to postverbal position and the sentence order becomes VSO. 2520:

The sound system of Danish is unusual, particularly in its large vowel inventory and in the unusual prosody. In informal or rapid speech, the language is prone to considerable reduction of unstressed syllables, creating many vowel-less syllables with syllabic consonants, as well as reduction of final

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Danish dialects can be divided into the traditional dialects, which differ from modern Standard Danish in both phonology and grammar, and the Danish accents or regional languages, which are local varieties of the Standard language distinguished mostly by pronunciation and local vocabulary colored by

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In the medieval period, Danish emerged as a separate language from Swedish. The main written language was Latin, and the few Danish-language texts preserved from this period are written in the Latin alphabet, although the runic alphabet seems to have lingered in popular usage in some areas. The main

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Danish verbs are morphologically simple, marking very few grammatical categories. They do not mark person or number of subject, although the marking of plural subjects was still used in writing as late as the 19th century. Verbs have a past, non-past and infinitive form, past and present participle

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reflects the stress group, sentence type and prosodic phrase. In Copenhagen Standard Danish, the pitch pattern reaches its lowest peak within the stress group on the stressed syllable followed by its highest peak on the following unstressed syllable, after which it declines gradually until the next

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were written in vernacular Danish in the early 13th century. Beginning in 1350, Danish began to be used as a language of administration, and new types of literature began to be written in the language, such as royal letters and testaments. The orthography in this period was not standardized nor was

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As does English, the Danish pronominal system retains a distinction between nominative and oblique case. The nominative form of pronouns is used when pronouns occur as grammatical subject of a sentence (and only when non-coordinated and without a following modifier), and oblique forms are used for

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and Northern Jutlandic, with Northern Jutlandic subdivided into North Jutlandic and West Jutlandic. Insular Danish is divided into Zealand, Funen, Møn, and Lolland-Falster dialect areas―each with additional internal variation. Bornholmian is the only Eastern Danish dialect spoken in Denmark. Since

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official language only. The Code of Civil Procedure does, however, lay down Danish as the language of the courts. Since 1997, public authorities have been obliged to follow the official spelling system laid out in the Orthography Law. In the 21st century, discussions have been held with a view to

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Position 0 is not part of the sentence and can only contain sentential connectors (such as conjunctions or interjections). Position 1 can contain any sentence constituent. Position 2 can only contain the finite verb. Position 3 is the subject position, unless the subject is fronted to occur in

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The distribution of one, two, and three grammatical genders in Danish dialects. In Zealand, the transition from three to two genders has happened fairly recently. West of the red line, the definite article goes before the word as in English or German; east of the line it takes the form of a

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Norwegian occupies the middle position in terms of intelligibility because of its shared border with Sweden, resulting in a similarity in pronunciation, combined with the long tradition of having Danish as a written language, which has led to similarities in vocabulary. Among younger Danes,

1818:. In this period, scholars were also discussing whether it was best to "write as one speaks" or to "speak as one writes", including whether archaic grammatical forms that had fallen out of use in the vernacular, such as the plural form of verbs, should be conserved in writing (i.e. 1492:). Most of the changes separating East Norse from West Norse started as innovations in Denmark, that spread through Scania into Sweden and by maritime contact to southern Norway. A change that separated Old East Norse (Runic Swedish/Danish) from Old West Norse was the change of the 5782:

are formed differently from yes/no questions. In wh-questions the question word occupies the preverbal field, regardless of whether its grammatical role is subject or object or adverbial. In yes/no questions the preverbal field is empty, so that the sentence begins with the verb.

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Grønnum, Nina (2008a). "Hvad er det særlige ved dansk som gør det svært at forstå og at udtale for andre?: Første del: enkeltlydene" [What is the peculiarity of Danish that makes it difficult for others to understand and pronounce? First part: Segmentary sounds].

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Danish is a well-studied language, and multiple universities in Denmark have departments devoted to Danish or linguistics with active research projects on the language, and there are many dictionaries and technological resources on the language. The language council

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standard for subsequent writing in Danish. From around 1500, several printing presses were in operation in Denmark publishing in Danish and other languages. In the period after 1550, presses in Copenhagen dominated the publication of material in the Danish language.

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carries the possessive enclitic. This is however not an example of genitive case marking, because in the case of longer noun phrases the -s attaches to the last word in the phrase, which need not be the head-noun or even a noun at all. For example, the phrases

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Danish and English are both Germanic languages. Danish is a North Germanic language descended from Old Norse, and English is a West Germanic language descended from Old English. Old Norse exerted a strong influence on Old English in the early medieval period.

780:) Scandinavian", while Icelandic and Faroese are classified as "insular Scandinavian". Although the written languages are compatible, spoken Danish is distinctly different from Norwegian and Swedish and thus the degree of mutual intelligibility with either is 1933:

Following the loss of Schleswig to Germany, a sharp influx of German speakers moved into the area, eventually outnumbering the Danish speakers. The political loss of territory sparked a period of intense nationalism in Denmark, coinciding with the so-called

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The Danish philologist Johannes Brøndum-Nielsen divided the history of Danish into a period from 800 AD to 1525 to be "Old Danish", which he subdivided into "Runic Danish" (800–1100), Early Middle Danish (1100–1350) and Late Middle Danish (1350–1525).

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Grønnum, Nina (2008b). "Hvad er det særlige ved dansk som gør det svært at forstå og at udtale for andre?: Anden del: prosodi" [What is the peculiarity of Danish that makes it difficult for others to understand and pronounce? Second part: Prosody].

1188:. As well as loanwords, new words can be freely formed by compounding existing words. In standard texts of contemporary Danish, Middle Low German loans account for about 16–17% of the vocabulary, Graeco-Latin loans 4–8%, French 2–4% and English about 1%. 1681:

in 1536, Danish also became the language of religion, which sparked a new interest in using Danish as a literary language. Also in this period, Danish began to take on the linguistic traits that differentiate it from Swedish and Norwegian, such as the

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Torp, Arne (2006). "Nordiske sprog i fortid og nutid. Sproglighed og sprogforskelle, sprogfamilier og sprogslægtskab" [Nordic languages in past and present. Language and language diversity, language families and linguistic relatedness].

6088:(making them identical to the infinitives in writing, as they are in speech). Modern Danish and Norwegian use the same alphabet, though spelling differs slightly, particularly with the phonetic spelling of loanwords; for example the spelling of 5775:

position 1. Position 4 can only contain light adverbs and the negation. Position 5 is for non-finite verbs, such as auxiliaries. Position 6 is the position of direct and indirect objects, and position 7 is for heavy adverbial constituents.

2499: 915:). Under the view that Scandinavian is a dialect continuum, East Danish can be considered intermediary between Danish and Swedish, while Scanian can be considered a Swedified East Danish dialect, and Bornholmian is its closest relative. 3490:

is often used for inanimate objects, the genders of nouns are not generally predictable and must in most cases be memorized. The gender of a noun determines the form of adjectives that modify it, and the form of the definite suffixes.

4799:, except for a few strong verbs that have irregular non-past forms. The past form does not necessarily mark past tense, but also counterfactuality or conditionality, and the non-past has many uses besides present tense time reference. 1837:

after which they were gradually Swedified; just as Norway was politically severed from Denmark, beginning also a gradual end of Danish influence on Norwegian (influence through the shared written standard language remained). With the

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Definiteness is marked by two mutually exclusive articles: either a postposed enclitic or a preposed article which is the obligatory way to mark definiteness when nouns are modified by an adjective. Neuter nouns take the clitic

3246:, but this is a very infrequent realization, and today phoneticians consider it a phonation type or a prosodic phenomenon. The occurrence is also dependent on stress, and some varieties also realize it primarily as a tone. The 2084:, one of whose official languages was Danish. Though Danish ceased to be an official language in Iceland in 1944, it is still widely used and is a mandatory subject in school, taught as a second foreign language after English. 2501: 1195:

The shared Germanic heritage of Danish and English is demonstrated with many common words that are very similar in the two languages. For example, when written, commonly used Danish verbs, nouns, and prepositions such as

3424:. A distinctive feature of the Nordic languages, including Danish, is that the definite articles, which also mark noun gender, have developed into suffixes. Typical of Germanic languages plurals are either irregular or " 1631:). The suffix "-by" for 'town' is common in place names in Yorkshire and the east Midlands, for example Selby, Whitby, Derby, and Grimsby. The word "dale" meaning valley is common in Yorkshire and Derbyshire placenames. 4082:

Most irregular nouns have an ablaut plural (i.e. with a change in the stem vowel), or combine ablaut stem-change with the suffix, and some have unique plural forms. Unique forms may be inherited (e.g. the plural of

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where intervocalic consonants followed by a full vowel are treated as in onset, otherwise as in coda. Phonetically there is no voicing distinction among the stops, rather the distinction is one of aspiration.

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with strong (irregular) and weak (regular) conjugations and inflections. Nouns, adjectives, and demonstrative pronouns distinguish common and neutral gender. Like English, Danish only has remnants of a former

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all non-subject functions including direct and indirect object, predicative, comparative and other types of constructions. The third person singular pronouns also distinguish between animate masculine (

1164:. Out of the 500 most frequently used Danish words, 100 are loans from Middle Low German; this is because Low German was the second official language of Denmark–Norway. In the 17th and 18th centuries, 1310:

Copenhageners are worse at understanding Swedish than Danes from the provinces. In general, younger Danes are not as good at understanding the neighboring languages as the young in Norway and Sweden.

8457: 1892:, Danish became the administrative and religious language there, while Iceland and the Faroe Islands had the status of Danish colonies with Danish as an official language until the mid-20th century. 620: 3420:

Nouns are inflected for number (singular vs. plural) and definiteness, and are classified into two grammatical genders. Only pronouns inflect for case, and the previous genitive case has become an

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In subordinate clauses, the word order differs from that of main clauses. In the subordinate clause structure the verb is preceded by the subject and any light adverbial material (e.g. negation).

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in Greenland, with a large percentage of native Greenlanders able to speak Danish as a second language (it was introduced into the education system as a compulsory language in 1928). About 10% of

2154:, Danish-speaking citizens of the Nordic countries have the opportunity to use their native language when interacting with official bodies in other Nordic countries without being liable for any 5907:, using most of the conventions established in the 16th century. The spoken language however has changed a lot since then, creating a gap between the spoken and written languages. Since 1955, 823:

have all but disappeared, though regional variants of the standard language exist. The main differences in language are between generations, with youth language being particularly innovative.

654: 9305:(2002). "The Nordic language area and the languages in the north of Europe". In Bandle, Oskar; Braunmüller, Kurt; Jahr, Ernst Håkon; Karker, Allan; Naumann, Hans-Peter; Telefon, Ulf (eds.). 1286:. During the latter period, English adopted "are", the third person plural form of the verb "to be", as well as the personal pronouns "they", "them" and "their" from contemporary Old Norse. 7020: 1476:

From the seventh century, the common Norse language began to undergo changes that did not spread to all of Scandinavia, resulting in the appearance of two dialect areas, Old West Norse (

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Verbs can be divided into two main classes, the strong/irregular verbs and the regular/weak verbs. The regular verbs are also divided into two classes, those that take the past suffix

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Pedersen, Inge Lise (1996). "Sprogsamfundets Historie". In Gregersen, Frans; Holmen, Anne; Kristiansen, Tore; Møller, Erik; Pedersen, Inge Lise; Steensig, Jakob; Ulbæk, lb (eds.).

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Bleses, D.; Vach, W.; Slott, M.; Wehberg, S.; Thomsen, P.; Madsen, T. O.; Basbøll, H. (2008). "Early vocabulary development in Danish and other languages: A CDI-based comparison".

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Puggaard, Rasmus (2021). "Modeling regional variation in voice onset time of Jutlandic varieties of Danish". In Van de Velde, Hans; Hilton, Nanna Haug; Knooihuizen, Remco (eds.).

1752:, as a language of religion, administration, and public discourse accelerated. In the second half of the 17th century, grammarians elaborated grammars of Danish, first among them 2221:

There are also Danish emigrant communities in other places of the world who still use the language in some form. In the Americas, Danish-speaking communities can be found in the

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also publishes research on the language both nationally and internationally. There are also research centers focusing specifically on the dialects: The Peter Skautrup center at

2435:, 'the stød border') going through central South Jutland, crossing Southern Funen and central Langeland and north of Lolland-Falster, Møn, Southern Zealand and Bornholm neither 1584:, as well, as in the Old Norse word for "island". This monophthongization started in Jutland and spread eastward, having spread throughout Denmark and most of Sweden by 1100. 9154: 8880:

Kühl, Karoline; Petersen, Jan Heegård; Hansen, Gert Foget (2020). "The Corpus of American Danish: a language resource of spoken immigrant Danish in North and South America".

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Grammatically, a dialectally significant feature is the number of grammatical genders. Standard Danish has two genders and the definite form of nouns is formed by the use of

2263:, as in standard Danish, while those in the green ones have tones, as in Swedish and Norwegian. Dialects in the blue areas have (like Icelandic, German, and English) neither 1985:. After the occupation of Denmark by Germany in World War II, the 1948 orthography reform dropped the German-influenced rule of capitalizing nouns, and introduced the letter 5597:) field to achieve different pragmatic effects. Usually the sentence material occupying the preverbal slot has to be pragmatically marked, usually either new information or 2401:

Traditional dialects differ in phonology, grammar, and vocabulary from standard Danish. Phonologically, one of the most diagnostic differences is the presence or absence of

3200:– distinguishes the language from those varieties of Norwegian and Swedish that use trilled . Only very few, middle-aged or elderly, speakers of Jutlandic retain a frontal 6208:

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

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Like Norwegian and Swedish, Danish was significantly influenced by Low German in the Middle Ages, and has been influenced by English since the turn of the 20th century.

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The Personal Pronouns in the Germanic Languages: A Study of Personal Pronoun Morphology and Change in the Germanic Languages from the First Records to the Present Day

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When there is no pragmatically marked constituents in the sentence to take the preverbal slot (for example when all the information is new), the slot has to take a

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Alle mennesker er født frie og lige i værdighed og rettigheder. De er udstyret med fornuft og samvittighed, og de bør handle mod hverandre i en broderskabets ånd.

8047: 7200: 3408:. Danish distinguishes at least seven major word classes: verbs, nouns, numerals, adjectives, adverbs, articles, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections and 1842:

in 1660, the Danish state was further integrated, and the language of the Danish chancellery, a Zealandic variety with German and French influence, became the

1763: 8466: 7050: 11086: 3134:. Danish differs from the English sound that is conventionally transcribed with the same IPA symbol, in that it is not a dental fricative but an alveolar 9260: 5593:

Danish grammar tends to be analyzed as consisting of slots or fields, and in which certain types of sentence material can be moved to the pre-verbal (or

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text types written in this period are laws, which were formulated in the vernacular language to be accessible also to those who were not Latinate. The

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describes the dialects and varieties of the Jutlandic peninsula and is working on a dictionary of Jutlandic, while the Center for Dialect Research at

6837: 3401:"car/cars"). Vestiges of the Germanic case and gender system are found in the pronoun system. Typical for an Indo-European language, Danish follows 2407:. Four main regional variants for the realization of stød are known: In Southeastern Jutlandic, Southernmost Funen, Southern Langeland, and Ærø, no 1869:

and German. It affected all of the areas where Danish had been influential, including all of Denmark, Southern Sweden, and coastal southern Norway.

9369:(a website where you can find guidance, information and answers to questions about the Danish language and language matters in Denmark (in Danish)) 8223: 1888:, whose plays and historical and scientific works laid the foundation for the Danish literary canon. With the Danish colonization of Greenland by 9195: 7024: 2545:. Questions of analysis may give a slightly different inventory, for example based on whether r-colored vowels are considered distinct phonemes. 12544: 9903: 9650: 7835: 6632: 2529:

Although somewhat depending on analysis, most modern variants of Danish distinguish 12 long vowels, 13 short vowels, and two central vowels,

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Possessive pronouns have independent and adjectival uses, but the same form. The form is used both adjectivally preceding a possessed noun (

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dialects may be less affricated than other varieties, with Northern and Western Jutlandic traditional dialects having an almost unaspirated

2472:, while Western Jutlandic has only one gender and the definite form of nouns uses an article before the noun itself, in the same fashion as 878:. Other names for this group are the Nordic or Scandinavian languages. Along with Swedish, Danish descends from the Eastern dialects of the 11461: 10539: 9940: 8197: 7114: 11259: 9612: 3365:

and a complex syntax. Some traits typical of Germanic languages persist in Danish, such as the distinction between irregularly inflected

2465:), an area which used to be directly under the Crown, from the rest of the Island that used to be the property of various noble estates. 8708:]. De Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Historisk-Filologiske Meddelelser (in Danish). Vol. XXIX. Copenhagen: Munksgaard. 7804: 2378:

in 1645/1658, the Eastern Danish dialects there have come under heavy Swedish influence. Many residents now speak regional variants of

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emphasized the role of language in creating national belonging. Some of the most cherished Danish-language authors of this period are

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traditional dialects. Traditional dialects are now mostly extinct in Denmark, with only the oldest generations still speaking them.

9849: 9168: 6021:, though it appears to be two letters. When the letters are not available due to technical limitations, they are often replaced by 8370:

Dal, Erik (1991). "Latin og dansk i danica 1482-1600". In Alenius, Marianne; Bergh, Birger; Boserup, Ivan; Friis-Jensen, Karsten;

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the spoken language, and the regional laws demonstrate the dialectal differences between the regions in which they were written.

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Gregersen, Frans; Holmen, Anne; Kristiansen, Tore; Møller, Erik; Pedersen, Inge Lise; Steensig, Jakob; Ulbæk, lb, eds. (1996).

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was still not standardized and the principles for doing so were vigorously discussed among Danish philologists. The grammar of

8663: 8616: 8438: 8305: 6767: 6183: 2697: 2690: 1982: 10466: 2036:), combining elements of different immigrant languages such as Arabic, Turkish, and Kurdish, as well as English and Danish. 1884:

linguistics, and wrote the first English-language grammar of Danish. Literary Danish continued to develop with the works of

12529: 11076: 10175: 8101: 5652:, p. 336) describes the basic order of sentence constituents in main clauses as comprising the following 8 positions: 4986:

system with various rules. In the word forms of numbers above 20, the units are stated before the tens, so 21 is rendered

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superseded Low German influence, and in the 20th century, English became the main supplier of loanwords, especially after

781: 9923: 9079: 4152:

Like all Germanic languages, Danish forms compound nouns. These are represented in Danish orthography as one word, as in

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Kroman, E (1980). "Debat: Stød-og accentområder og deres oprindelse" [Stød and accent areas and their origins].

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Similarly to the case of English, modern Danish grammar is the result of a gradual change from a typical Indo-European

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was once the Viking settlement of Jorvik. Several other English words derive from Old East Norse, for example "knife" (

12534: 10016: 9341: 9322: 9128: 9073: 8690: 8552: 8383: 8039: 7196: 7184: 7080: 1678: 627: 8251: 10532: 8825:

Kristiansen, Tore (1998). "The role of standard ideology in the disappearance of the traditional Danish dialects".

8558: 5589:, which means that the verb must always be the second constituent of the sentence. Following the Danish grammarian 2070: 8271: 7046: 12554: 12524: 10206: 6167:

Academic descriptions of the language are published both in Danish and English. The most complete grammar is the

2997: 2806: 2755: 2748: 558: 6713: 4144:"that is the daughter of the girl that Uffe lives with", where the enclitic attaches to a stranded preposition. 2476:. The Bornholmian dialect has maintained to this day many archaic features, such as a distinction between three 12549: 9814: 8760: 8123: 3031: 2813: 2053:, Danish is the national language of Denmark and one of two official languages of the Faroe Islands (alongside 4787:

The infinitive always ends in a vowel, usually -e (pronounced ), infinitive forms are preceded by the article

2394:) as part of the East Danish dialect group. The Swedish National Encyclopedia from 1995 classifies Scanian as 12539: 12519: 12509: 12494: 12355: 10249: 9950: 9693: 9636: 9420: 9393: 2711: 2704: 453: 339: 7223: 6448: 6414: 3862:"the Danes"). When the noun is modified by an adjective, the definiteness is marked by the definite article 3254:

has phonemic status, since it serves as the sole distinguishing feature of words with different meanings in

471: 12504: 12499: 12385: 11555: 11517: 11502: 10221: 10131: 10121: 9842: 3465: 3004: 2831: 2824: 2734: 2727: 858:, particularly in the pronouns. Unlike English, it has lost all person marking on verbs. Its word order is 10829: 3321: 3312: 3201: 3193: 3173: 3162: 3158: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3118: 3114: 3084: 2534: 2530: 1812:

was the first to give a detailed analysis of Danish phonology and prosody, including a description of the

12489: 12365: 12225: 11575: 11534: 11524: 10525: 10278: 9935: 6841: 5582: 3092: 3091:, , is in between a simple aspirated and a fully affricated (as has happened in German with the second 3017: 2644: 2637: 1978: 423: 205: 7987: 7175:, I: Oskar Bandle, Kurt Braunmuller, Ernst Hakon Jahr, Allan Karker, Hans-Peter Naumann og Ulf Teleman: 10741: 10425: 10148: 10041: 10031: 10026: 8253:

Håller språket ihop Norden?: en forskningsrapport om ungdomars förståelse av danska, svenska och norska

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One peculiar feature of the Danish language is that the numerals 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 are (as are the

3350: 3050: 2960: 2948: 2151: 1244:

are easily recognizable to English speakers. Similarly, some other words are almost identical to their

1152:. Of these 2,000, 1,200 are nouns, 500 are verbs and 180 are adjectives. Danish has also absorbed many 9181: 3297: 1809: 536: 12082: 10239: 10165: 10056: 9977: 9543: 4842:("to have") and participial forms, like in English. But some transitive verbs form the perfect using 3405: 3332: 2658: 2651: 2127: 1994: 1791: 1408:

Móðir Dyggva var Drótt, dóttir Danps konungs, sonar Rígs er fyrstr var konungr kallaðr á danska tungu

283: 249: 9212:"When Too Many Vowels Impede Language Processing: An Eye-Tracking Study of Danish-Learning Children" 9040:

Pedersen, Inge Lise (2003). "Traditional dialects of Danish and the de-dialectalization 1900–2000".

7827: 3145:"marijuana" pronounced . Some analyses have posited it as a phoneme, but since it occurs only after 12484: 12360: 12314: 12309: 12233: 11843: 11827: 11706: 11565: 11456: 11451: 10036: 10001: 9386: 6628: 6233: 6130: 3897:

Note here that in Swedish and Norwegian the preposed and the enclitic article occur together (e.g.

3327: 2676: 2669: 875: 671: 530: 200: 8485: 5075:) are obsolete, but still implicitly used in the vigesimal system described below. Similarly, the 1839: 12299: 12243: 12238: 12158: 11831: 11781: 11081: 10899: 10655: 10583: 10571: 10451: 10420: 10358: 10315: 10295: 10126: 10092: 9972: 9835: 8017: 7327: 6415:"§ 82b LVwG, Regional- und Minderheitensprachen vor Behörden - Gesetze des Bundes und der Länder" 6100:

in Danish remains identical to other languages, whereas in Norwegian, they are transliterated as

3181: 3177: 3161:, which is devoiced after voiceless alveolar frication. This makes it unnecessary to postulate a 3059: 3043: 2974: 2965: 2953: 2845: 2838: 2785: 2776: 2769: 2762: 2473: 2006: 1957: 1877: 950: 935: 675: 185: 12421: 12141: 11539: 3293: 1176:. Although many old Nordic words remain, some were replaced with borrowed synonyms, for example 12304: 11786: 11752: 11370: 11186: 11046: 10886: 10781: 10415: 10305: 10160: 10136: 10087: 9918: 9888: 9818: 9207: 8189: 7106: 2792: 2206: 1881: 773: 8936:"Transcribing, searching and data sharing: The CLAN software and the TalkBank data repository" 7177:

The Nordic Languages: An International Handbook of the History of the North Germanic Languages

6154:

is a corpus of written texts in Danish. There are also a number of conversations available in

12462: 12426: 11694: 11687: 11639: 11409: 11380: 11349: 11312: 11237: 10994: 10907: 10768: 10730: 10461: 10310: 10234: 10097: 9965: 9734: 5971: 5558: 4138:"the king of Denmark's candy factory", where the factory is owned by the king of Denmark, or 4049:

There are three different types of regular plurals: Class 1 forms the plural with the suffix

3227: 3025: 2921: 2914: 1998: 1650:"If one catches someone in the whore-bed with another man's wife and he comes away alive..." 1295: 834: 11927: 10802: 6052:

The same spelling reform changed the spelling of a few common words, such as the past tense

12431: 12411: 12380: 12253: 12113: 11859: 11677: 11269: 11096: 11058: 11053: 10927: 10874: 10632: 10320: 10300: 10264: 10107: 10021: 9989: 9795: 9762: 9684: 9659: 7796: 6227: 5884:

The oldest preserved examples of written Danish (from the Iron and Viking Ages) are in the

3429: 3374: 3303: 2979: 2896: 2257:

A map showing the distribution of stød in Danish dialects: Dialects in the pink areas have

2062: 12087: 9752: 9564: 4943:("the newspaper is read every day"). Another passive construction uses the auxiliary verb 4793:(pronounced ) in some syntactic functions. The non-past or present tense takes the suffix 2058: 1949: 1130: 278: 8: 12370: 11606: 11560: 11494: 11247: 10894: 10807: 10605: 10430: 10395: 10244: 10155: 10070: 9800: 9472: 8429:(1994). "Old and Middle Scandinavian". In König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan (eds.). 8371: 5914:

The modern Danish alphabet is similar to the English one, with three additional letters:

2991: 1708: 1674: 1149: 808: 11917: 11762: 11009: 6338:

Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (24 May 2022).

5581:

Danish basic constituent order in simple sentences with both a subject and an object is

882:; Danish and Swedish are also classified as East Scandinavian or East Nordic languages. 12416: 12340: 12268: 12258: 12213: 11975: 11902: 11799: 11644: 11619: 11614: 11507: 11335: 11220: 11041: 10819: 10814: 10793: 10754: 10558: 10548: 10492: 10485: 10345: 10259: 10189: 10082: 10051: 9955: 9913: 9880: 9862: 9719: 9462: 9283: 9247: 9139: 8955: 8897: 8842: 8739: 8669: 8654:

Haberland, Hartmut (1994). "Danish". In König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan (eds.).

8591: 8513: 8444: 8426: 8349: 6273: 6245: 6240: 5871: 5779: 3471: 2930: 2876: 2477: 2418: 2344: 2184: 2166: 2131: 2123: 2081: 2002: 1396: 1299: 1145: 1026: 996: 908: 879: 871: 792: 769: 695: 365: 234: 195: 190: 128: 105: 11570: 9617: 6339: 6122: 5908: 1963: 1690:, the voicing of many stop consonants, and the weakening of many final vowels to /e/. 521: 514: 429: 12390: 12189: 12105: 12098: 12053: 11997: 11757: 11747: 11730: 11725: 11629: 11391: 11191: 11152: 11132: 10970: 10862: 10844: 10696: 10390: 10363: 10211: 10201: 10102: 9960: 9930: 9770: 9729: 9506: 9457: 9452: 9347: 9337: 9318: 9287: 9251: 9239: 9231: 9124: 9069: 9003: 8960: 8901: 8846: 8756: 8743: 8686: 8659: 8612: 8595: 8548: 8505: 8434: 8379: 8341: 8301: 7265: 7180: 7076: 6376: 6126: 5978: 5813: 5598: 4833: 4441: 3425: 3366: 3358: 3184:, or simply coalesces with the preceding vowel. The phenomenon is comparable to the 2901: 2881: 2718: 2135: 2116: 2100: 1935: 1345:

The approximate extent of Old Norse and related languages in the early 10th century:

1319: 896: 889:, where no sharp dividing lines are seen between the different vernacular languages. 886: 850: 846: 800: 699: 687: 268: 9095: 8779:

Jensen, Torben Juel (2011). "Ordstilling i ledsætninger i moderne dansk grammatik".

8353: 6951: 5015:(literally "half second", implying "one plus half of the second one"). The numerals 4190:(from same roots, meaning "farmer"). Some words are joined with the linking element 4101:"account" which is borrowed from Italian and uses the Italian masculine plural form 3903:), whereas in Danish the enclitic article is replaced by the preposed demonstrative. 2142:

is north of the border. Furthermore, Danish is one of the official languages of the

2061:. Until 2009, Danish was also one of two official languages of Greenland (alongside 1360: 1351: 564: 12345: 12136: 12070: 12026: 12021: 11981: 11970: 11962: 11767: 11735: 11682: 11671: 11584: 11293: 11232: 11022: 11004: 10839: 10600: 10592: 10501: 10435: 10405: 10400: 10335: 10330: 9744: 9679: 9531: 9467: 9310: 9275: 9223: 9107: 8950: 8931: 8889: 8859: 8834: 8797: 8735: 8731: 8583: 8517: 8497: 8418: 8414: 8393: 8333: 6250: 6222: 5970:, already in use in Norwegian and Swedish, into the Danish alphabet to replace the 5897: 5590: 5124:, "half third times twenty", implying two score plus half of the third score). The 2891: 2871: 2515: 2422: 2379: 2054: 1939: 1925: 1753: 1749: 1662: 1434: 1303: 1161: 1075: 1011: 855: 788: 765: 753: 734: 591: 45: 12182: 7162:

Niels Åge Nielsen: Dansk dialektantologi. Bind 1: Østdansk og ømål, København 1978

6763: 12375: 12335: 12168: 12075: 12058: 12043: 12031: 11740: 11649: 11634: 11589: 11441: 11404: 11396: 11375: 11362: 11342: 11328: 11091: 11068: 10999: 10989: 10981: 10761: 10456: 10380: 9711: 9689: 9536: 9512: 9498: 8838: 5963: 5939: 5836: 5134: 5093: 4095:), or for loan words they may be borrowed from the donor language (e.g. the word 2886: 2684: 2542: 2362: 2354: 2329: 2139: 1866: 1621: 1470: 1169: 1165: 912: 820: 666: 647: 314: 177: 85: 8538: 8293: 8093: 12456: 12350: 12330: 12282: 12174: 12048: 11718: 11485: 11424: 11203: 11160: 11117: 11034: 11029: 10918: 10868: 10719: 10670: 10625: 10618: 10506: 10368: 10170: 10143: 10011: 9724: 9579: 9519: 9447: 9440: 9138:

Strømberg-Derczynski, Leon; et al. (2020). "The Danish gigaword project".

8893: 8809: 5885: 5138: 3362: 3344: 3165:-phoneme in Danish. Jutlandic dialects often lack the sound and pronounce the 3075: 2942: 2742: 2313: 2303: 2147: 2143: 2074: 2025: 1967: 1943: 1885: 1703:), a history book told in rhymed verses. The first complete translation of the 1462: 1387: 1245: 1047: 983: 922: 900: 811:, a standard language was developed which was based on the educated dialect of 388: 382: 345: 325: 293: 273: 239: 9314: 9063: 8587: 8337: 6316: 6302: 6134: 2126:, the portion of Germany bordering Denmark, and a variant of Standard Danish, 1645:

Fangær man saar i hor seng mæth annæns mansz kunæ. oc kumær han burt liuænd...

12478: 12406: 12248: 12004: 11955: 11772: 11711: 11624: 11529: 11467: 11414: 11298: 11225: 9351: 9235: 9227: 9007: 8541:(1998b). "Intonation in Danish". In Hirst, Daniel; Cristo, Albert Di (eds.). 5628: 5586: 3079: 2565: 2549::50) gives 25 "full vowels", not counting the two unstressed "schwa" vowels. 2202: 1846: 1466: 1418: 859: 749: 711: 375: 155: 138: 9302: 8854:

Kristiansen, T.; Jørgensen, J. N. (2003). "The sociolinguistics of Danish".

4568:"its" is used when the possessor is different from the grammatical subject. 4158:, "the female national handball team". In some cases, nouns are joined with 3288:

in the vocabulary is related to the distribution of the common Scandinavian

2382:. However, many researchers still consider the dialects in Scania, Halland ( 1627: 12275: 11699: 11663: 11596: 11419: 11242: 11215: 11198: 11142: 11101: 10683: 10662: 10385: 10254: 10226: 9898: 9243: 9111: 8964: 8345: 7581: 7579: 6705: 5893: 5889: 5096:

numerals from 80 through 99) based on a vigesimal system, meaning that the

4073:(definite), and Class 3 takes no suffix for the plural indefinite form and 3409: 3289: 3255: 3243: 3239: 3087:

are aspirated in onset realized as , but not in coda. The pronunciation of

2414: 2155: 2050: 1787: 1615: 1593: 1428: 1274:, meaning "village" or "town", occurs in many English place-names, such as 1173: 335: 301: 39: 11922: 9945: 8863: 8801: 8509: 7711: 7699: 7173:

Dialects and written language in Old Nordic II: Old Danish and Old Swedish

4958:

The imperative form is the infinitive without the final schwa-vowel, with

3141:

The sound is found for example in the word /sjovˀ/ "fun" pronounced and

1677:, and many Low German loan words were introduced in this period. With the 497: 490: 12092: 12065: 11883: 11791: 11473: 11434: 11017: 10712: 10676: 10611: 10373: 10216: 9574: 9525: 9489: 8722:

Herslund, Michael (2001). "The Danish-s genitive: From affix to clitic".

8046:(in Danish). Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics. 23 June 2008. 6141: 5876: 5097: 3135: 3131: 2631: 2560: 2334: 2159: 2031: 1990: 1946: 1873: 1865:

sound (), began spreading through Denmark, likely through influence from

1805: 1666: 1504: 1442: 1378: 1369: 962: 904: 862:, with the finite verb always occupying the second slot in the sentence. 804: 738: 729:

Along with the other North Germanic languages, Danish is a descendant of

309: 288: 11937: 8405:

Ejskjær, Inger (1990). "Stød and pitch accents in the Danish dialects".

7663: 7627: 7576: 4550:

is used when the possessor is also the subject of the sentence, whereas

2183:

administrative language until 1814 and one of the official languages of

776:

separates modern spoken Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish as "mainland (or

11932: 11912: 11277: 10947: 10648: 10353: 9893: 9628: 9279: 9211: 8673: 8658:. Routledge Language Family Descriptions. Routledge. pp. 313–349. 8448: 8282: 7268:. University of Copenhagen, Center for Dialect Studies. 22 April 2015. 6385:. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 6321: 6307: 4848:("to be") instead, and some may use both with a difference in meaning. 3354: 3189: 2908: 2800: 2570: 2299:

Danish traditional dialects are divided into three main dialect areas:

2289: 1953: 1889: 1862: 1157: 812: 787:

Until the 16th century, Danish was a continuum of dialects spoken from

742: 244: 9584: 8501: 6548: 6546: 6375:

Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017).

2288:) is the language based on dialects spoken in and around the capital, 2092:

create a law that would make Danish the official language of Denmark.

2087:

No law stipulates an official language for Denmark, making Danish the

1855:("Danish of the Realm"). Also, beginning in the mid-18th century, the 1748:

Following the first Bible translation, the development of Danish as a

1587:

Through Danish conquest, Old East Norse was once widely spoken in the

1554:

occurred. This change is shown in runic inscriptions as a change from

12118: 11866: 11512: 11429: 11210: 11165: 11137: 10963: 10517: 10112: 9908: 9044:. International Journal of the Sociology of Language. pp. 159–9. 8433:. Routledge Language Family Descriptions. Routledge. pp. 39–71. 7330:. Copenhagen University, Center for Dialect Research. 22 April 2015. 6381: 6344: 6018: 5178: 4983: 4538:"it is my horse"), and independently in place of the possessed noun ( 3755:"a house" (indefinite) has the definite form, "the house" (definite) 3154: 3104: 3071: 2319: 2230: 2108: 1971: 1783: 1740: 1598: 1493: 1446: 1336: 1153: 973: 730: 723: 683: 507: 481: 463: 445: 407: 142: 11942: 9591: 8131: 7964: 5832:: he said that he not would go, "He said that he did not want to go" 4214:, meaning "guest book"). There are also irregular linking elements. 3389:("foot/feet")) and weak stems inflected through affixation (such as 2172: 1441:

By the eighth century, the common Germanic language of Scandinavia,

1341: 757: 545: 11907: 11255: 9827: 9596: 9144: 6933: 6931: 6543: 6161: 5212: 4163: 3421: 3153:

and does not occur after these phonemes, it can be analyzed as an

2375: 2245: 2179: 2177:, is very close to Danish, because standard Danish was used as the 1421:'s son, who was the first to be called king in the Danish tongue." 827: 576: 9378: 9372: 5640:: there came a girl in through the door, "A girl came in the door" 816: 11948: 11544: 11446: 9872: 9858: 9775: 8909:

Kyst, Bodil (2008). "Trykgruppens toner i århusiansk regiolekt".

8465:. Saammaateqatigiinnissamut Isumalioqatigiissitaq. Archived from 8074: 7862: 5984: 2863::73) distinguishes 17 non-syllabic consonant phonemes in Danish. 2507: 2453:

occurs more often than in the standard language. In Zealand, the

2426: 2371: 2273: 2210: 2196: 2112: 1767: 1711:, was published in 1550. Pedersen's orthographic choices set the 1606: 1602: 1588: 1485: 1481: 1283: 691: 679: 636: 572: 412: 370: 132: 124: 109: 99: 9477: 9206:

Trecca, Fabio; Bleses, Dorthe; Højen, Anders; Madsen, Thomas O;

8713:

Heltoft, Lars; Preisler, Bent (2007). "Sigtet med en sproglov".

8611:] (in Danish) (3rd ed.). Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag. 8524: 7522: 6928: 6476: 6474: 3249: 3233: 2253: 1685: 840: 550:

Dark Blue: Spoken by a majority Light Blue: Spoken by a minority

11251: 9049:

Prince, John Dyneley (1924). "The Danish Dialect of Bornholm".

7551: 7549: 6337: 5996: 5125: 3370: 3212: 2469: 2447:, and in Zealandic traditional dialects and regional language, 2367: 2234: 2226: 2028:

in the urban areas, an immigrant Danish variety (also known as

1522:. This is reflected in runic inscriptions where the older read 1489: 1477: 1414: 1399:

with which Old Norse still retained some mutual intelligibility

1144:

Approximately 2,000 uncompounded Danish words are derived from

796: 719: 715: 707: 703: 7498: 6394: 6392: 3444:"man/men") or "weak" stems inflected through affixation (e.g. 3204:

which is then usually realised as a flapped or approximant .

678:

spoken by about six million people, principally in and around

11169: 10410: 10290: 9569: 9121:

Sprog i virkeligheden: bidrag til en interaktionel lingvistik

8261:

Allan, Robin; Lundskaer-Nielsen, Tom; Holmes, Philip (2005).

8146: 7983: 7435: 6471: 2122:

In addition, a noticeable community of Danish speakers is in

1704: 830: 8488:(1989). "Phonetic analysis of the stød in standard Danish". 8260: 7891: 7889: 7717: 7705: 7687: 7603: 7546: 7534: 6605: 5561:, so that the short-scale billion (1,000,000,000) is called 4964:

potentially being applied depending on syllable structure.:

2441:

nor pitch accent exists. Most of Jutland and on Zealand use

895:

Danish itself can be divided into three main dialect areas:

702:

status. Minor Danish-speaking communities are also found in

44:

The first page of the Jutlandic Law originally from 1241 in

8574:

Grønnum, Nina (1998a). "Illustrations of the IPA: Danish".

8547:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 131–151. 7767: 7765: 7752: 7750: 7723: 7365: 7363: 7361: 6998: 6806: 6794: 6389: 5557:

For large numbers (one billion or larger), Danish uses the

5076: 3138:

which is frequently heard as by second language learners.

3130:

often have slight frication, but are usually pronounced as

2193:

is based on Danish, unlike the other variety of Norwegian,

1610: 600: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9261:"Danish as a Window Onto Language Processing and Learning" 8158: 7942: 7940: 7423: 6986: 6647: 6593: 5993:

following a decision by the City Council in the 1970s and

5933: 5925: 5917: 5141:. Thus, in modern Danish fifty-two is usually rendered as 3335:, pitch can mark e.g. the end of a story and turn-taking. 2484:, because cat is a masculine noun, thus is referred to as 1776:; and in 1685 the first Danish grammar written in Danish, 1449:. This language was generally called the "Danish tongue" ( 609: 575:

characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see

9188:

The languages of the Nordic countries with roots and feet

7925: 7901: 7886: 7566: 7564: 6720: 5900:, Runes had more or less been replaced by Latin letters. 826:

Danish has a very large vowel inventory consisting of 27

606: 7874: 7850: 7762: 7747: 7735: 7651: 7615: 7591: 7459: 7358: 7346: 6501: 5977:. The old usage continues to occur in some personal and 3874:(neuter) and the definite/plural form of the adjective: 3180:, , but in coda it is either realized as a non-syllabic 1849:, especially in writing—this was the original so-called 1833:

The East Danish provinces were lost to Sweden after the

9205: 8921: 7952: 7937: 7669: 7633: 7585: 7488: 7486: 7086: 6918: 6916: 6914: 6865: 6863: 6848: 6782: 6552: 6533: 6531: 6518: 6516: 6145: 3357:

morphology and relatively free word order, to a mostly

3238:(lit. "thrust"). This is a form of laryngealization or 2222: 8987:

Mikkelsen, Nicholas; Kragelund, Mathias Høyer (2015).

8323: 8009: 7777: 7675: 7561: 7471: 7375: 7197:"danske dialekter | Gyldendal – Den Store Danske" 6899: 6887: 6744: 6732: 6664: 6662: 5567:, and the short-scale trillion (1,000,000,000,000) is 5089:, literally "half three (o'clock)", is half past two. 3377:(i.e. changing the vowel of the stem, as in the pairs 1872:

In the 18th century, Danish philology was advanced by

1693:

The first printed book in Danish dates from 1495, the

9366: 8685:(1st ed.). Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag. 7411: 7387: 7146: 7144: 6818: 6674: 5860:

bor i Helsingør: "I know a man who lives in Elsinore"

3192:

pronunciations of English. The Danish realization of

2396:

an Eastern Danish dialect with South Swedish elements

2366:

the Swedish conquest of the Eastern Danish provinces

2039: 628: 603: 537:

2-AAA-bf & -ca to -cj 5 2-AAA-bf & -ca to -cj

9137: 8853: 8170: 8080: 7639: 7510: 7483: 7399: 7246: 6974: 6937: 6911: 6860: 6528: 6513: 2541:

in Modern Standard Danish, with the symbols used in

2165:

The more widespread of the two varieties of written

1804:) is considered a literary masterpiece by scholars. 597: 304: 296: 9167:(in Danish). Peter Skautrup Centret. Archived from 8376:

Latin og nationalsprog i Norden efter reformationen

8062: 7913: 7284: 7129: 7047:"Wie bitte? Friesisch? Was ist das denn? (Seite 2)" 6659: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6575: 6573: 5911:has been the official language council in Denmark. 1707:in Danish, the Bible of Christian II translated by 1673:Throughout this period, Danish was in contact with 682:. Communities of Danish speakers are also found in 594: 9161:Sound and prosody in the classical Danish dialects 8986: 8879: 8856:International Journal of the Sociology of Language 8794:International Journal of the Sociology of Language 8456:Frederiksen, Katti; Olsen, Carl Christian (2017). 8314: 7868: 7528: 7504: 7296: 7141: 6875: 6480: 6442: 6440: 6350:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 745:. Danish, together with Swedish, derives from the 9051:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 8576:Journal of the International Phonetic Association 8484: 7441: 7308: 6558: 6491: 6489: 4767: 4115:Possessive phrases are formed with the enclitic - 2859:The consonant inventory is comparatively simple. 2201:, which is based on the Norwegian dialects, with 2057:). There is a Faroese variant of Danish known as 1895: 1591:. Many words derived from Norse, such as "gate" ( 1182:(to eat) was mostly supplanted by the Low German 12476: 9331: 8930: 8455: 8152: 7970: 7447: 6686: 6570: 6409: 6407: 6398: 5133:meaning "times twenty" is no longer included in 1989:. Three 20th-century Danish authors have become 1417:'s mother was Drott, the daughter of king Danp, 9065:Language Variation – European Perspectives VIII 8922:Lundskaer-Nielsen, Tom; Holmes, Philip (2015). 8712: 7004: 6437: 6107: 6101: 3361:pattern with little inflection, a fairly fixed 2194: 2188: 2170: 1643: 1573: 1567: 1561: 1555: 1549: 1539: 1529: 1523: 1517: 1511: 1456: 1450: 1426: 1406: 837:is characterized by the distinctive phenomenon 54: 9156:Lyd og prosodi i de klassiske danske dialekter 8792:Jacobsen, Birgitte (2003). "Colonial Danish". 8272:"Pronominal repræsentation i danske dialekter" 6486: 6447:Nygaard, Jørgen; Møller, Ernst (14 May 2015). 6148:provides a curated corpus of a billion words. 5865: 5768:"And him Per hadn't given a thought in years" 5244:is 40 (four tens) and not 80 (four twenties). 5112:, "three times twenty") means 60, while 50 is 4982:Certain numerals are formed on the basis of a 3793:Definite with preposed demonstrative article: 3117:is pronounced as a in syllable coda, so e.g. 2506:Spoken Standard Danish of a male born 1978 in 1773:Introductio ad lingvam Danicam puta selandicam 1445:, had undergone some changes and evolved into 885:Scandinavian languages are often considered a 756:language (before the influence of Danish) and 10533: 9843: 9644: 9394: 9068:. Amsterdam: John Benjains. pp. 80–110. 8680: 8164: 6446: 6404: 4544:"it is mine"). In the third person singular, 2328:), further divided in North, East, West, and 803:or spelling conventions. With the Protestant 8989:"Exaggerated pitch as a story-ending device" 6764:"Viking place names and language in England" 6191: 6168: 6155: 6149: 6095: 6089: 6083: 6077: 6071: 6065: 6059: 6053: 5994: 5982: 5846: 5840: 5817: 5798: 5790: 5707: 5700: 5693: 5686: 5679: 5672: 5665: 5658: 5635: 5618: 5605: 5568: 5562: 5544: 5531: 5516: 5503: 5488: 5475: 5460: 5447: 5432: 5419: 5404: 5391: 5376: 5363: 5348: 5335: 5320: 5307: 5292: 5279: 5273: 5239: 5233: 5227: 5221: 5215: 5206: 5200: 5194: 5188: 5182: 5172: 5166: 5160: 5154: 5148: 5142: 5128: 5119: 5113: 5107: 5101: 5080: 5056: 5036: 5016: 4996: 4987: 4968: 4959: 4950: 4944: 4938: 4921: 4915: 4900: 4894: 4879: 4873: 4858: 4852: 4843: 4837: 4827: 4821: 4815: 4814:"running"), and the past participle ends in 4809: 4803: 4794: 4788: 4779: 4773: 4749: 4740: 4731: 4720: 4711: 4702: 4691: 4682: 4673: 4662: 4653: 4644: 4633: 4624: 4615: 4563: 4557: 4551: 4545: 4539: 4533: 4523: 4515: 4507: 4499: 4490: 4484: 4478: 4472: 4458: 4449: 4429: 4420: 4411: 4397: 4388: 4379: 4365: 4356: 4347: 4331: 4320: 4309: 4295: 4286: 4277: 4263: 4254: 4245: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4179: 4173: 4167: 4153: 4139: 4133: 4126: 4120: 4102: 4096: 4090: 4084: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4056: 4050: 4037: 4028: 4019: 4008: 3999: 3990: 3979: 3970: 3961: 3950: 3941: 3932: 3898: 3881: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3851: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3756: 3750: 3744: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3720: 3714: 3700: 3691: 3682: 3673: 3664: 3655: 3646: 3637: 3628: 3617: 3608: 3599: 3590: 3581: 3572: 3563: 3554: 3545: 3451: 3445: 3439: 3433: 3432:(i.e. changing the vowel of the stem) (e.g. 3396: 3390: 3384: 3378: 3316: 3307: 3306:is phonemic and distinguishes words such as 3283: 3277: 3271: 3265: 3259: 3247: 3231: 3217: 3122: 3070:Many of these phonemes have quite different 2485: 2460: 2454: 2448: 2442: 2436: 2430: 2408: 2402: 2389: 2383: 2348: 2338: 2323: 2316:of Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster, and Møn 2307: 2283: 2264: 2258: 2029: 2019: 2013: 1902: 1856: 1850: 1825: 1819: 1813: 1795: 1777: 1728: 1694: 1683: 1579: 1269: 1259: 1249: 1239: 1233: 1227: 1221: 1215: 1209: 1203: 1197: 1183: 1177: 1135: 838: 660: 65: 29: 9613:Comparison of Danish, Norwegian and Swedish 8824: 8770:Howe, Stephen (1996). "Old/Middle Danish". 8609:Phonetics and Phonology, general and Danish 8392: 8378:. Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 69–72. 7880: 7092: 6449:"Dansk er blevet officielt sprog i Slesvig" 6268: 6266: 6144:of Danish language data are available. The 6133:works on the Insular Danish varieties. The 4483:"she") forms, as well as inanimate neuter ( 3743:"a man" (indefinite) has the definite form 1771: 1757: 10540: 10526: 9850: 9836: 9651: 9637: 9401: 9387: 8360: 8100:. Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab. 7729: 7718:Allan, Lundskaer-Nielsen & Holmes 2005 7706:Allan, Lundskaer-Nielsen & Holmes 2005 6653: 6622: 6620: 6005:in 2011. When representing the same sound 4166:, originally possessive in function, like 3103:). There is dialectal variation, and some 1636: 544: 38: 9143: 8954: 8808: 8653: 7931: 7907: 7895: 7856: 7771: 7756: 7741: 7693: 7657: 7621: 7609: 7597: 7555: 7540: 7369: 7352: 7015: 7013: 6626: 6611: 6507: 6374: 5880:Danish keyboard with keys for Æ, Ø, and Å 5649: 5100:(20) is used as a base unit in counting. 4762:forms, and a passive, and an imperative. 1601:, the East Midlands and East Anglia, and 1289: 9658: 9334:New Hart's rules: the Oxford style guide 9332:Waddingham, Anne; Ritter, R. M. (2014). 9152: 9118: 9061: 9039: 9030: 8791: 8750: 8721: 8639: 8625: 8573: 8537: 8533:] (in Danish). Dansklærerforeningen. 8425: 8363:Danish: an elementary grammar and reader 8279:12. Møde om Udforskningen af Dansk Sprog 7826:Mørch, Ida Elisabeth (21 October 2009). 7681: 7645: 7516: 7492: 7405: 7252: 7107:"Hvor mange dialekter er der i Danmark?" 6980: 6922: 6869: 6854: 6812: 6800: 6788: 6750: 6738: 6726: 6537: 6522: 6263: 5875: 5238:means 20, making it hard to explain why 4141:det er pigen Uffe bor sammen meds datter 3737:(neuter). Hence, the common gender noun 3211: 2538: 2497: 2272: 2252: 2244: 2146:and one of the working languages of the 2099: 2095: 1962: 1340: 1129: 772:. A more recent classification based on 9336:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 9100:Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire 9094: 9021: 8602: 8404: 8292: 8249: 8220:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 8190:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 8176: 7958: 7946: 7783: 7570: 7477: 7465: 7429: 7417: 7393: 7381: 7290: 7258: 7135: 7113:(in Danish). University of Copenhagen. 6992: 6905: 6893: 6668: 6617: 6599: 5981:; for example, the name of the city of 5211:, "four tens", still used today as the 5187:, meaning 'two tens'), while thirty is 2860: 2546: 2459:line divides Southern Zealand (without 2115:, where it is an officially recognized 1268:, i.e. 'child'). In addition, the word 569:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 12477: 10547: 9309:. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter. 9258: 9048: 8870: 8778: 8699: 8315:Becker-Christensen, Christian (2010). 8068: 7919: 7302: 7272:from the original on 28 September 2020 7150: 7010: 6840:. Royal Danish Library. Archived from 5807: 4937:The passive form takes the suffix -s: 4589:: He took his hat (someone else's hat) 3242:. Some sources have described it as a 2205:as an important reference point. Also 2134:has officially recognized Danish as a 1782:("The Art of the Danish Language") by 1735:"Lords and jesters have free speech." 1140:"military police", on a police vehicle 903:(including the standard variety), and 12211: 11825: 10569: 10521: 9831: 9632: 9382: 9375:(parts of a grammar of spoken Danish) 9301: 9297:from the original on 27 October 2022. 9082:from the original on 10 December 2021 9017:from the original on 20 October 2020. 8400:(3rd ed.). København: Gyldendal. 8269: 8104:from the original on 18 November 2021 8050:from the original on 14 December 2021 7990:from the original on 14 December 2021 7838:from the original on 17 December 2021 7825: 7314: 7104: 6949: 6770:from the original on 18 December 2010 6564: 6356:from the original on 13 November 2022 6201:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 6184:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 3725:. Indefinite nouns take the articles 3222:'Handball playing is very demanding'. 2569: 2564: 2130:, is spoken in the area. Since 2015, 1938:" of Danish culture. Authors such as 1914:"Mother's name is our hearts' tongue, 1786:. Major authors from this period are 782:variable between regions and speakers 665: 646: 84: 9857: 9178: 8908: 8769: 8681:Hansen, Erik; Heltoft, Lars (2011). 7453: 7234:from the original on 17 January 2023 7221: 7117:from the original on 17 January 2023 7075:. Natur och Kultur, Stockholm 1978, 7053:from the original on 14 January 2023 6881: 6824: 6692: 6680: 6587: 6459:from the original on 4 December 2022 6284:from the original on 4 November 2020 6070:(should), to their current forms of 5839:are marked by the relative pronouns 5226:should be understood as a plural of 4184:, "man", meaning "compatriot"), but 4147: 4061:(definite), Class 2 with the suffix 11102:Plautdietsch / Mennonite Low German 9408: 9123:. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press. 8605:Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk 8369: 8200:from the original on 8 January 2022 7789: 7670:Lundskaer-Nielsen & Holmes 2015 7634:Lundskaer-Nielsen & Holmes 2015 7586:Lundskaer-Nielsen & Holmes 2015 7203:from the original on 6 October 2013 6716:from the original on 2 August 2012. 6495: 5795:: whom saw she, "whom did she see?" 4489:"it") and inanimate common gender ( 4125:"my father's house" where the noun 3850:before adding the -ne suffix (e.g. 3749:"the man", whereas the neuter noun 1876:, who pioneered the disciplines of 1156:, most of which were borrowed from 75:"With law shall a country be built" 13: 12461:Languages between parentheses are 11826: 9201:from the original on 4 March 2016. 9183:Nordens Sprog med rødder og fødder 8226:from the original on 16 March 2021 8020:from the original on 19 April 2022 7807:from the original on 16 April 2021 7224:"Dialekter - Uppslagsverk - NE.se" 6425:from the original on 3 August 2018 6296: 5896:to Denmark. And at the end of the 5803:: saw she him?, "did she see him?" 4089:"eye", which is the old dual form 3838:"the girls"), and nouns ending in 2490:(he), even if it is a female cat. 2361:Jutlandic is further divided into 2216: 2040:Geographic distribution and status 1983:minority within German territories 1981:, a number of Danes remained as a 1469:and from the 9th century with the 809:introduction of the printing press 14: 12566: 9360: 9222:(4). SAGE Publications: 898–918. 8974:from the original on 11 July 2016 8882:Language Resources and Evaluation 8818:The phonetics of the Mothertongue 7334:from the original on 6 March 2016 6962:from the original on 22 July 2015 6635:from the original on 4 April 2016 5851:which occupy the preverbal slot: 5495:eight and half fourth score-th 3058: 3049: 3042: 3037: 3030: 3016: 3003: 2996: 2978: 2973: 2964: 2959: 2952: 2947: 2929: 2920: 2913: 2844: 2837: 2830: 2823: 2812: 2805: 2791: 2784: 2775: 2768: 2761: 2754: 2747: 2733: 2726: 2717: 2710: 2703: 2696: 2689: 2675: 2668: 2657: 2650: 2643: 2636: 2080:Iceland was a territory ruled by 1835:Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645) 865: 9488: 8561:from the original on 22 May 2022 8281:. pp. 29–38. Archived from 8212: 8182: 8116: 8086: 8032: 8016:(in Danish). Aarhus University. 8002: 7976: 7199:(in Danish). Denstoredanske.dk. 7105:Quist, Pia (26 September 2006). 7023:. Nordic Council. Archived from 6938:Kristiansen & Jørgensen 2003 6627:Jervelund, Anita Ågerup (2008). 6481:Kühl, Petersen & Hansen 2020 5620:I går så (V) Peter (S) Jytte (O) 4455:him/her/itself, themself/selves 3779:Definite with enclitic article: 3219:Håndboldspil er meget belastende 1970:in the 19th century in southern 1920:can rouse a people from sleep." 1904:Moders navn er vort Hjertesprog, 590: 9194:(in Danish). Nordens Sprogråd. 8924:Danish: A comprehensive grammar 8683:Grammatik over det Danske Sprog 8242: 7819: 7320: 7215: 7189: 7165: 7156: 7098: 7065: 7039: 6943: 6830: 6756: 6698: 6176: 6170:Grammatik over det Danske Sprog 5962:are only used in loan words. A 5938:, which come at the end of the 5644: 5482:eight and half fourth (score) 4802:The present participle ends in 4778:and those that take the suffix 4135:kongen af Danmarks bolsjefabrik 3891: 3719:, and common gender nouns take 3500:Danish regular plural patterns 3494: 2044: 2005:(joint recipients in 1917) and 1916:only idle is all foreign speech 1730:Herrer og Narre have frit Sprog 1721: 1597:) for street, still survive in 1330: 12515:Languages of the Faroe Islands 12465:of the language on their left. 9815:Languages of the Faroe Islands 9042:The Sociolinguistics of Danish 8736:10.1080/03740463.2001.10412193 8419:10.1080/03740463.1990.10411522 8256:. Nordic Council of Ministers. 8130:. TalkBank.org. Archived from 7986:(in Danish). Dansk Sprognævn. 7834:(in Danish). Dansk Sprognævn. 7505:Mikkelsen & Kragelund 2015 7021:"Nordic language co-operation" 6368: 6331: 5966:in 1948 introduced the letter 5623:: "Yesterday, Peter saw Jytte" 5439:six and half third score-th 5199:, "three tens"), and forty is 4992:, literally "one and twenty". 4768:Tense, aspect, mood, and voice 3808:The plural definite ending is 3216:A pitch trace of the sentence 1918:It alone, in mouth or in book, 1896:Standardized national language 1: 12545:Subject–verb–object languages 12356:Germanic substrate hypothesis 12212: 8365:. Cambridge University Press. 8040:"Center for Dialektforskning" 6631:. Dansk Sprognævns svarbase. 6256: 5942:, in that order. The letters 5232:(10), though to modern Danes 4110: 3226:Danish is characterized by a 3178:uvular-pharyngeal approximant 2854: 2482:The cat, he is having kittens 2312:), including dialects of the 1589:northeast counties of England 1125: 733:, the common language of the 676:Indo-European language family 12386:Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law 11077:Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch 9924:Colonization of the Americas 8996:Skrifter om Samtalegrammatik 8839:10.1515/flin.1998.32.1-2.115 8820:] (in Danish). Schuboth. 8263:Danish: An essential grammar 8153:MacWhinney & Wagner 2010 7971:Waddingham & Ritter 2014 6399:Frederiksen & Olsen 2017 5637:der kom en pige ind ad døren 5585:. However, Danish is also a 5426:six and half third (score) 3466:Gender in Danish and Swedish 3196:as guttural – the so-called 2493: 1979:Schleswig referendum in 1920 1461:). Norse was written in the 7: 12530:East Scandinavian languages 12366:High German consonant shift 10326:Water supply and sanitation 9936:Scandinavian Monetary Union 9561:Standard Danish (rigsdansk) 9022:Nielsen, Niels Åge (1959). 8934:; Wagner, Johannes (2010). 8724:Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 8459:Det grønlandske sprog i dag 8407:Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 8300:. Oxford University Press. 7005:Heltoft & Preisler 2007 6274:"dansk – Den Danske Ordbog" 6213: 6115: 5866:Writing system and alphabet 5490:otteoghalvfjerdsindstyvende 5137:, but may still be used in 4977: 4952:avisen bliver læst hver dag 4217: 3093:High German consonant shift 2240: 2213:were influenced by Danish. 1910:kan vække et folk af dvale. 1906:kun løs er al fremmed Tale. 494: – Insular Danish 10: 12571: 10904:Westlauwers–Terschellings 10557:According to contemporary 8926:(2nd ed.). Routledge. 8894:10.1007/s10579-019-09473-5 8755:. München: Lincom Europa. 8751:Herslund, Michael (2002). 8361:Bredsdorff, Elias (1958). 7828:"de danske tal; halvtreds" 6838:"Bog Museum (Book Museum)" 6629:"Antal arveord og låneord" 5869: 5822:in the "connector field". 5607:Peter (S) så (V) Jytte (O) 5477:otteoghalvfjerds(indstyve) 5434:seksoghalvtredsindstyvende 5398:five and forty (four tens) 4832:(e.g. købt "bought"). The 4237:Possessive case/adjective 3463: 3428:" stems inflected through 3342: 3338: 3292:found in most dialects of 3207: 2513: 2152:Nordic Language Convention 2012:With the exclusive use of 1847:official standard language 1840:introduction of absolutism 1334: 1317: 1313: 56:Mæth logh skal land byggas 12448: 12399: 12323: 12292: 12224: 12220: 12207: 12156: 12129: 12083:Southern Schleswig Danish 12014: 11895: 11851: 11842: 11838: 11821: 11662: 11605: 11493: 11484: 11389: 11361: 11320: 11311: 11286: 11268: 11179: 11151: 11125: 11116: 11067: 10980: 10955: 10946: 10885: 10780: 10729: 10704: 10695: 10591: 10582: 10578: 10565: 10555: 10479: 10444: 10344: 10286: 10277: 10197: 10188: 10078: 10069: 9997: 9988: 9978:Rescue of the Danish Jews 9879: 9869: 9809: 9788: 9761: 9743: 9710: 9703: 9666: 9605: 9552: 9544:Southern Schleswig Danish 9497: 9486: 9416: 9315:10.1515/9783110197051-002 8588:10.1017/s0025100300006290 8398:Elementær dansk grammatik 8338:10.1017/s0305000908008714 8326:Journal of Child Language 8165:Hansen & Heltoft 2011 8081:Strømberg-Derczynski 2020 8010:"Peter Skautrup Centeret" 5767: 5576: 5467:seven and three score-th 5421:seksoghalvtreds(indstyve) 5171:(derived from Old Danish 5153:, whereas 52nd is either 4477:"he"), animate feminine ( 4407: 4375: 4343: 4305: 4273: 4241: 4236: 4233: 4230: 4227: 4223:Danish personal pronouns 4155:kvindehåndboldlandsholdet 4079:for the plural definite. 3916:Danish irregular plurals 3910: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3459: 3406:morphosyntactic alignment 2581: 2576: 2559: 2557: 2524: 2343:), including dialects of 2128:Southern Schleswig Danish 1792:Leonora Christina Ulfeldt 1790:, poet and psalmist, and 1578:) diphthong changed into 1073: 1058: 1051: 1024: 1009: 994: 987: 977: 967: 948: 933: 926: 555: 543: 529: 505: 479: 461: 443: 438: 433:(Danish Language Council) 422: 395: 361:Official language in 359: 354: 322: 262: 227: 174: 164: 148: 120: 92: 80: 37: 28: 23: 12535:North Germanic languages 12361:West Germanic gemination 12315:Ancient Belgian language 12310:Germanic parent language 12254:Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic) 11376:Austrian Standard German 10570: 10083:Administrative divisions 9228:10.1177/0023830919893390 9119:Steensig, Jakob (2001). 9026:. Copenhagen: Gyldendal. 8781:Ny Forskning i Grammatik 8128:samtalebank.talkbank.org 7230:. Nationalencyclopedin. 6131:University of Copenhagen 5816:begin with the particle 5162:tooghalvtredsindstyvende 4593: 3470:Standard Danish has two 3415: 3369:stems inflected through 2065:). Danish now acts as a 1908:Det alene i mund og bog, 1603:parts of eastern England 1455:), or "Norse language" ( 1048:Old East Norse 984:Old West Norse 847:laryngeal phonation type 828:phonemically distinctive 667:[ˈtænˀskˈspʁɔwˀ] 67:Med lov skal land bygges 10462:National (civic) anthem 9208:Christiansen, Morten H. 9035:. Dansklærerforeningen. 8531:Danish Language studies 8298:The Phonology of Danish 8250:Åkesson, K. L. (2005). 7869:Becker-Christensen 2010 7529:Becker-Christensen 2010 6327:(subscription required) 6313:(subscription required) 6146:Danish Gigaword project 5523:nine and four score-th 5454:seven and three (score) 4932:The plane had taken off 4890:The plane has taken off 4579:: He took his (own) hat 3804:: "I saw the big house" 2474:West Germanic languages 2413:is used, but instead a 2357:, Halland and Blekinge 2073:speaks Danish as their 1958:Hans Christian Andersen 1810:Jens Pedersen Høysgaard 1766:'s 1660 grammar of the 1759:De studio lingvæ danicæ 1644: 1637:Old and Middle dialects 1574: 1568: 1562: 1556: 1550: 1540: 1530: 1524: 1518: 1512: 1457: 1451: 1427: 1407: 951:West Germanic languages 936:East Germanic languages 672:North Germanic language 170:6.0 million (2019) 55: 16:North Germanic language 12555:Stress-timed languages 12525:Languages of Greenland 12422:Preterite-present verb 12305:Proto-Germanic grammar 12259:North Sea (Ingvaeonic) 11371:German Standard German 11047:East Frisian Low Saxon 10161:The unity of the Realm 9819:Languages of Greenland 9307:The Nordic Languages I 9259:Trecca, Fabio (2021). 9112:10.3406/rbph.2012.8263 8656:The Germanic Languages 8603:Grønnum, Nina (2005). 8486:Fischer-Jørgensen, Eli 8431:The Germanic Languages 8270:Arboe, Torben (2008). 7442:Fischer-Jørgensen 1989 6192: 6169: 6156: 6150: 6108: 6102: 6096: 6090: 6084: 6078: 6072: 6066: 6060: 6054: 6001:decided to go back to 5995: 5983: 5903:Danish orthography is 5888:. The introduction of 5881: 5847: 5841: 5818: 5799: 5791: 5708: 5701: 5694: 5687: 5680: 5673: 5666: 5659: 5636: 5619: 5606: 5569: 5563: 5545: 5532: 5517: 5504: 5489: 5476: 5461: 5448: 5433: 5420: 5411:five and four tens-th 5405: 5392: 5377: 5364: 5349: 5336: 5321: 5308: 5293: 5280: 5274: 5240: 5234: 5228: 5222: 5216: 5207: 5201: 5195: 5189: 5183: 5173: 5167: 5161: 5155: 5149: 5147:from the now obsolete 5143: 5129: 5120: 5114: 5108: 5102: 5081: 5057: 5037: 5017: 4997: 4988: 4969: 4960: 4951: 4945: 4939: 4922: 4916: 4901: 4895: 4880: 4874: 4859: 4853: 4844: 4838: 4828: 4822: 4816: 4810: 4804: 4795: 4789: 4780: 4774: 4750: 4741: 4732: 4721: 4712: 4703: 4692: 4683: 4674: 4663: 4654: 4645: 4634: 4625: 4616: 4564: 4558: 4552: 4546: 4540: 4534: 4524: 4516: 4508: 4500: 4491: 4485: 4479: 4473: 4459: 4450: 4430: 4421: 4412: 4398: 4389: 4380: 4366: 4357: 4348: 4332: 4321: 4310: 4296: 4287: 4278: 4264: 4255: 4246: 4210: 4204: 4198: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4174: 4168: 4154: 4140: 4134: 4127: 4121: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4075: 4069: 4063: 4057: 4051: 4038: 4029: 4020: 4009: 4000: 3991: 3980: 3971: 3962: 3951: 3942: 3933: 3899: 3882: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3852: 3846: 3840: 3834: 3828: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3757: 3751: 3745: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3721: 3715: 3701: 3692: 3683: 3674: 3665: 3656: 3647: 3638: 3629: 3618: 3609: 3600: 3591: 3582: 3573: 3564: 3555: 3546: 3452: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3397: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3317: 3308: 3284: 3282:. The distribution of 3278: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3248: 3232: 3223: 3218: 3123: 2511: 2486: 2461: 2455: 2449: 2443: 2437: 2431: 2409: 2403: 2390: 2384: 2349: 2339: 2324: 2308: 2284: 2279: 2270: 2265: 2259: 2250: 2249:Map of Danish dialects 2195: 2189: 2171: 2119: 2077:, due to immigration. 2030: 2020: 2014: 1974: 1922: 1903: 1857: 1851: 1826: 1820: 1814: 1796: 1779:Den Danske Sprog-Kunst 1778: 1772: 1758: 1756:'s 1657 Latin grammar 1737: 1729: 1695: 1684: 1679:Protestant Reformation 1652: 1626: 1620: 1614: 1592: 1580: 1484:) and Old East Norse ( 1423: 1401: 1361:Old East Norse dialect 1352:Old West Norse dialect 1290:Mutual intelligibility 1270: 1260: 1250: 1240: 1234: 1228: 1222: 1216: 1210: 1204: 1198: 1184: 1178: 1141: 1136: 839: 774:mutual intelligibility 661: 640: 557:This article contains 501: – Jutlandic 66: 51:The first sentence is: 30: 12550:Verb-second languages 12427:Grammatischer Wechsel 11410:Namibian Black German 11381:Swiss Standard German 11350:Early New High German 10908:Mainland West Frisian 10769:Harlingerland Frisian 10207:2000s property bubble 9373:"Samtalegrammatik.dk" 9153:Sørensen, V. (2011). 8864:10.1515/ijsl.2003.006 8802:10.1515/ijsl.2003.004 8700:Hansen, Aage (1943). 8582:(1 & 2): 99–105. 8319:. Samfundslitteratur. 6160:, the Danish part of 5879: 5551:half fifth score-th 5510:nine and four (score) 5150:tooghalvtredsindstyve 5121:halvtredje-sinds-tyve 4940:avisen læses hver dag 4464:his/her(s)/its (own) 3215: 2505: 2276: 2256: 2248: 2103: 2096:Surrounding countries 1966: 1900: 1726: 1641: 1404: 1344: 1296:mutually intelligible 1282:, as remnants of the 1258:, i.e., 'church') or 1134:Danish label reading 1133: 876:North Germanic branch 12540:Scandinavian culture 12520:Languages of Germany 12510:Languages of Iceland 12495:Languages of Denmark 12432:Indo-European ablaut 12412:Germanic strong verb 12381:Germanic spirant law 11518:Southeast Limburgish 11014:Gelders-Overijssels 10643:Irish Middle English 10633:Early Modern English 9660:Languages of Denmark 8814:Modersmålets fonetik 8774:. Walter de Gruyter. 8372:Jensen, Minna Skafte 6844:on 21 December 2014. 6019:alphabetical sorting 5856:Jeg kender en mand, 5829:at han ikke ville gå 5462:syvogtresindstyvende 5265:Literal translation 5220:). Thus, the suffix 5077:temporal designation 4836:is constructed with 3353:pattern with a rich 2429:). South of a line ( 1764:Laurids Olufsen Kock 1605:colonized by Danish 1534:. Also, a change of 1148:and ultimately from 137:Additionally in the 73:English translation: 12505:Languages of Sweden 12500:Languages of Norway 12400:Synchronic features 12371:Germanic a-mutation 12324:Diachronic features 11674:in the broad sense 11607:East Central German 11561:Lorraine Franconian 11535:Transylvanian Saxon 11495:West Central German 11270:East Low Franconian 11180:West Low Franconian 10396:Modern Breakthrough 10047:Mountains and hills 9473:Dania transcription 9216:Language and Speech 8873:Fortid og Nutid, 1. 8427:Faarlund, Jan Terje 7973:, pp. 243–244. 7543:, pp. 323–331. 7432:, pp. 305–306. 6995:, pp. 822–823. 6815:, pp. 221–224. 6803:, pp. 219–221. 6614:, pp. 346–347. 6602:, pp. 809–810. 5808:Subordinate clauses 5610:: "Peter saw Jytte" 5583:Subject–Verb–Object 5546:halvfemsindstyvende 5538:half fifth (score) 5518:niogfirsindstyvende 5449:syvogtres(indstyve) 5256:Literal translation 4911:The plane had flown 4869:The plane has flown 4600: 4224: 3917: 3789:: "I saw the house" 3731:(common gender) or 3501: 3383:("takes/took") and 2554: 2478:grammatical genders 1709:Christiern Pedersen 1655:Jutlandic Law, 1241 1370:Old Gutnish dialect 1248:equivalents, e.g., 1150:Proto Indo-European 690:, and the northern 397:Recognised minority 62:Modern orthography: 12490:Fusional languages 12417:Germanic weak verb 12226:Language subgroups 11576:Pennsylvania Dutch 11525:Moselle Franconian 11503:Central Franconian 11336:Middle High German 11087:Central Pomeranian 11042:Northern Low Saxon 10755:Wangerooge Frisian 10549:Germanic languages 9966:Duchy of Lauenburg 9956:Duchy of Schleswig 9873:Kingdom of Denmark 9280:10.1111/lang.12450 9210:(3 January 2020). 9098:(2012). "Danish". 9024:De jyske Dialekter 8943:Gesprächsforschung 8706:The Stød in Danish 8544:Intonation Systems 8222:. United Nations. 8134:on 19 January 2022 7696:, p. 326-328. 7612:, p. 325-326. 7558:, p. 323-324. 7328:"Navneordenes køn" 7049:(in German). NDR. 7027:on 7 February 2013 6950:Quist, P. (2006). 6553:Trecca et al. 2020 6043:⟨aa⟩ 6031:⟨oe⟩ 6023:⟨ae⟩ 6011:⟨aa⟩ 6003:⟨Aa⟩ 5991:⟨Aa⟩ 5979:geographical names 5975:⟨aa⟩ 5882: 5872:Danish orthography 5814:Complement clauses 5533:halvfems(indstyve) 5505:niogfirs(indstyve) 4902:Flyet havde fløjet 4598: 4222: 3915: 3499: 3276:("beans") without 3264:("peasants") with 3224: 3127:) is pronounced . 2552: 2512: 2363:Southern Jutlandic 2280: 2271: 2251: 2132:Schleswig-Holstein 2124:Southern Schleswig 2120: 2007:Johannes V. Jensen 2003:Henrik Pontoppidan 1975: 1402: 1397:Germanic languages 1294:Danish is largely 1142: 880:Old Norse language 760:are classified as 696:Southern Schleswig 366:Kingdom of Denmark 284:Southern Schleswig 196:Northwest Germanic 129:Schleswig-Holstein 106:Schleswig-Holstein 48:, copied in 1350. 12472: 12471: 12457:extinct languages 12444: 12443: 12440: 12439: 12391:Great Vowel Shift 12203: 12202: 12199: 12198: 12152: 12151: 11998:Greenlandic Norse 11817: 11816: 11813: 11812: 11809: 11808: 11748:Southern Bavarian 11731:Northern Bavarian 11707:Highest Alemannic 11658: 11657: 11392:standard variants 11307: 11306: 11153:Standard variants 11112: 11111: 10971:Middle Low German 10942: 10941: 10938: 10937: 10742:Saterland Frisian 10515: 10514: 10475: 10474: 10273: 10272: 10222:Income inequality 10202:OMX Copenhagen 25 10184: 10183: 10176:Political parties 10132:Freedom of speech 10122:Foreign relations 10115:Danish Parliament 10065: 10064: 9961:Duchy of Holstein 9825: 9824: 9784: 9783: 9626: 9625: 9555:derivatives, etc. 9268:Language Learning 8932:MacWhinney, Brian 8827:Folia Linguistica 8665:978-0-415-28079-2 8618:978-87-500-3865-8 8502:10.1159/000261828 8440:978-0-415-28079-2 8394:Diderichsen, Paul 8307:978-0-19-824268-0 7732:, pp. 83–85. 7468:, pp. 83–86. 7222:Hallberg, Göran. 7073:Svenska dialekter 6827:, pp. 57–58. 6729:, pp. 38–41. 6683:, pp. 70–72. 6377:"Danish language" 6325:(18th ed., 2015) 6311:(18th ed., 2015) 6218:Realm languages: 6199:Article 1 of the 6181:Article 1 of the 6127:Aarhus University 6049:), respectively. 6047:⟨å⟩ 6039:⟨ø⟩ 6035:⟨o⟩ 6027:⟨æ⟩ 6015:⟨å⟩ 6007:⟨å⟩ 5968:⟨å⟩ 5960:⟨z⟩ 5956:⟨x⟩ 5952:⟨w⟩ 5948:⟨q⟩ 5944:⟨c⟩ 5892:also brought the 5772: 5771: 5555: 5554: 5406:femogfyrretyvende 5156:tooghalvtredsende 4759: 4758: 4468: 4467: 4178:, "country", and 4148:Nominal compounds 4067:(indefinite) and 4055:(indefinite) and 4047: 4046: 3886:"the big house". 3775:: "I saw a house" 3710: 3709: 3351:dependent-marking 3331:stress group. In 3182:low central vowel 3176:is realized as a 3169:cluster as or . 3068: 3067: 2852: 2851: 2503: 2282:Standard Danish ( 2211:Gutnish (Gutamål) 2136:regional language 2117:regional language 1987:⟨å⟩ 1950:Søren Kierkegaard 1701:Rhyming Chronicle 1465:, first with the 1320:History of Danish 1284:Viking occupation 1122: 1121: 1113: 1112: 1104: 1103: 1095: 1094: 1086: 1085: 1037: 1036: 887:dialect continuum 872:Germanic language 700:minority language 688:the Faroe Islands 648:[ˈtænˀsk] 583: 582: 565:rendering support 561:phonetic symbols. 424:Regulated by 206:East Scandinavian 86:[ˈtænˀsk] 12562: 12249:Elbe (Irminonic) 12222: 12221: 12209: 12208: 12137:Mainland Gutnish 12027:Swedish dialects 11989:Middle Icelandic 11963:Middle Norwegian 11852:Historical forms 11849: 11848: 11840: 11839: 11823: 11822: 11782:South Franconian 11768:Hutterite German 11736:Central Bavarian 11556:Rhine Franconian 11491: 11490: 11321:Historical forms 11318: 11317: 11233:Surinamese Dutch 11126:Historical forms 11123: 11122: 10956:Historical forms 10953: 10952: 10705:Historical forms 10702: 10701: 10589: 10588: 10580: 10579: 10567: 10566: 10542: 10535: 10528: 10519: 10518: 10495: 10488: 10284: 10283: 10230: 10195: 10194: 10116: 10076: 10075: 9995: 9994: 9852: 9845: 9838: 9829: 9828: 9801:Greenlandic Sign 9708: 9707: 9653: 9646: 9639: 9630: 9629: 9492: 9403: 9396: 9389: 9380: 9379: 9355: 9328: 9298: 9296: 9265: 9255: 9202: 9200: 9193: 9175: 9173: 9166: 9149: 9147: 9134: 9115: 9091: 9089: 9087: 9058: 9045: 9036: 9027: 9018: 9016: 8993: 8983: 8981: 8979: 8973: 8958: 8940: 8927: 8918: 8911:Danske Talesprog 8905: 8876: 8867: 8850: 8833:(1–2): 115–130. 8821: 8805: 8796:(159): 153–164. 8788: 8775: 8766: 8747: 8718: 8709: 8696: 8677: 8650: 8636: 8622: 8599: 8570: 8568: 8566: 8534: 8521: 8481: 8479: 8477: 8471: 8464: 8452: 8422: 8401: 8389: 8366: 8357: 8320: 8311: 8289: 8287: 8276: 8266: 8257: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8231: 8216: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8186: 8180: 8174: 8168: 8162: 8156: 8150: 8144: 8143: 8141: 8139: 8120: 8114: 8113: 8111: 8109: 8090: 8084: 8078: 8072: 8066: 8060: 8059: 8057: 8055: 8036: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8025: 8006: 8000: 7999: 7997: 7995: 7980: 7974: 7968: 7962: 7956: 7950: 7944: 7935: 7929: 7923: 7917: 7911: 7905: 7899: 7893: 7884: 7881:Diderichsen 1974 7878: 7872: 7866: 7860: 7854: 7848: 7847: 7845: 7843: 7823: 7817: 7816: 7814: 7812: 7793: 7787: 7781: 7775: 7769: 7760: 7754: 7745: 7739: 7733: 7727: 7721: 7715: 7709: 7703: 7697: 7691: 7685: 7679: 7673: 7672:, p. 53-60. 7667: 7661: 7655: 7649: 7643: 7637: 7636:, p. 35-40. 7631: 7625: 7619: 7613: 7607: 7601: 7595: 7589: 7588:, p. 61-68. 7583: 7574: 7568: 7559: 7553: 7544: 7538: 7532: 7526: 7520: 7514: 7508: 7502: 7496: 7490: 7481: 7475: 7469: 7463: 7457: 7451: 7445: 7439: 7433: 7427: 7421: 7415: 7409: 7403: 7397: 7391: 7385: 7379: 7373: 7367: 7356: 7350: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7339: 7324: 7318: 7312: 7306: 7300: 7294: 7288: 7282: 7281: 7279: 7277: 7262: 7256: 7250: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7239: 7219: 7213: 7212: 7210: 7208: 7193: 7187: 7171:Harry Perridon: 7169: 7163: 7160: 7154: 7148: 7139: 7133: 7127: 7126: 7124: 7122: 7102: 7096: 7093:Kristiansen 1998 7090: 7084: 7069: 7063: 7062: 7060: 7058: 7043: 7037: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7017: 7008: 7002: 6996: 6990: 6984: 6978: 6972: 6971: 6969: 6967: 6952:"lavkøbenhavnsk" 6947: 6941: 6935: 6926: 6920: 6909: 6903: 6897: 6891: 6885: 6879: 6873: 6867: 6858: 6852: 6846: 6845: 6834: 6828: 6822: 6816: 6810: 6804: 6798: 6792: 6786: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6760: 6754: 6748: 6742: 6736: 6730: 6724: 6718: 6717: 6702: 6696: 6690: 6684: 6678: 6672: 6666: 6657: 6656:, pp. 6–10. 6651: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6624: 6615: 6609: 6603: 6597: 6591: 6585: 6568: 6562: 6556: 6550: 6541: 6535: 6526: 6520: 6511: 6505: 6499: 6493: 6484: 6478: 6469: 6468: 6466: 6464: 6444: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6411: 6402: 6396: 6387: 6386: 6372: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6361: 6335: 6329: 6328: 6314: 6300: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6270: 6234:Nordic languages 6195: 6172: 6159: 6153: 6135:Puzzle of Danish 6111: 6105: 6099: 6093: 6087: 6081: 6075: 6069: 6063: 6057: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6016: 6013:is treated like 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5992: 5989:is spelled with 5988: 5976: 5969: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5937: 5929: 5921: 5898:High Middle Ages 5850: 5844: 5837:Relative clauses 5821: 5802: 5794: 5711: 5704: 5697: 5690: 5683: 5676: 5669: 5662: 5655: 5654: 5639: 5622: 5609: 5591:Paul Diderichsen 5572: 5566: 5548: 5535: 5520: 5507: 5492: 5479: 5464: 5451: 5436: 5423: 5408: 5395: 5393:femogfyrre(tyve) 5380: 5378:fireogtred(i)vte 5367: 5352: 5342:three and twenty 5339: 5324: 5311: 5296: 5283: 5277: 5250:Cardinal numeral 5247: 5246: 5243: 5237: 5231: 5225: 5219: 5210: 5204: 5198: 5192: 5186: 5176: 5170: 5164: 5158: 5152: 5146: 5135:cardinal numbers 5132: 5123: 5117: 5111: 5105: 5084: 5074: 5073: 5069: 5066: 5060: 5054: 5053: 5049: 5046: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5029: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5009: 5006: 5000: 4991: 4972: 4963: 4954: 4948: 4942: 4925: 4923:Flyet var fløjet 4919: 4904: 4898: 4883: 4877: 4862: 4860:Flyet har fløjet 4856: 4847: 4841: 4831: 4825: 4819: 4813: 4807: 4798: 4792: 4783: 4777: 4753: 4744: 4735: 4724: 4715: 4706: 4695: 4686: 4677: 4666: 4657: 4648: 4637: 4628: 4619: 4601: 4597: 4567: 4561: 4555: 4549: 4543: 4537: 4527: 4519: 4511: 4503: 4494: 4488: 4482: 4476: 4462: 4453: 4433: 4424: 4415: 4401: 4392: 4383: 4369: 4360: 4351: 4337: 4326: 4315: 4299: 4290: 4281: 4267: 4258: 4249: 4231:Nominative case 4225: 4221: 4213: 4207: 4201: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4177: 4171: 4157: 4143: 4137: 4130: 4124: 4106: 4100: 4094: 4088: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4060: 4054: 4041: 4032: 4023: 4012: 4003: 3994: 3983: 3974: 3965: 3954: 3945: 3936: 3918: 3914: 3904: 3902: 3895: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3867: 3861: 3855: 3849: 3843: 3837: 3831: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3760: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3718: 3704: 3695: 3686: 3677: 3668: 3659: 3650: 3641: 3632: 3621: 3612: 3603: 3594: 3585: 3576: 3567: 3558: 3549: 3502: 3498: 3456:"woman/women"). 3455: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3400: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3323: 3320: 3314: 3311: 3287: 3281: 3275: 3269: 3263: 3253: 3237: 3221: 3203: 3195: 3188:in German or in 3175: 3164: 3160: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3126: 3120: 3116: 3086: 3062: 3053: 3046: 3041: 3034: 3020: 3007: 3000: 2982: 2977: 2968: 2963: 2956: 2951: 2933: 2924: 2917: 2866: 2865: 2848: 2841: 2834: 2827: 2816: 2809: 2795: 2788: 2779: 2772: 2765: 2758: 2751: 2737: 2730: 2721: 2714: 2707: 2700: 2693: 2679: 2672: 2661: 2654: 2647: 2640: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2584: 2579: 2555: 2551: 2536: 2532: 2516:Danish phonology 2504: 2489: 2464: 2458: 2452: 2446: 2440: 2434: 2412: 2406: 2393: 2388:) and Blekinge ( 2387: 2380:Standard Swedish 2352: 2342: 2327: 2311: 2287: 2268: 2262: 2200: 2192: 2176: 2035: 2023: 2017: 2009:(awarded 1944). 1988: 1940:N.F.S. Grundtvig 1929: 1928:, "Modersmaalet" 1926:N.F.S. Grundtvig 1912: 1860: 1854: 1829: 1823: 1817: 1799: 1781: 1775: 1761: 1754:Rasmus Bartholin 1750:written language 1744: 1732: 1698: 1689: 1656: 1647: 1583: 1577: 1572:(Old West Norse 1571: 1566:. Moreover, the 1565: 1559: 1553: 1543: 1533: 1527: 1521: 1515: 1499:(Old West Norse 1460: 1454: 1437: 1435:Snorri Sturluson 1432: 1410: 1394: 1385: 1376: 1367: 1358: 1349: 1273: 1263: 1253: 1243: 1237: 1231: 1225: 1219: 1213: 1207: 1201: 1187: 1181: 1162:Late Middle Ages 1139: 1054: 1053: 990: 989: 980: 979: 970: 969: 929: 928: 919: 918: 844: 801:standard variety 789:Southern Jutland 758:Norwegian Bokmål 754:Middle Norwegian 735:Germanic peoples 669: 664: 658: 657: 656: 650: 645: 631: 625: 624: 623: 622: 615: 612: 611: 608: 605: 602: 599: 596: 548: 539: 524: 517: 500: 493: 484: 475: 474: 466: 457: 456: 448: 399:language in 328: 306: 298: 245:Early Old Danish 180: 113: 88: 69: 58: 46:Codex Holmiensis 42: 33: 21: 20: 12570: 12569: 12565: 12564: 12563: 12561: 12560: 12559: 12485:Danish language 12475: 12474: 12473: 12468: 12436: 12395: 12376:Germanic umlaut 12341:Holtzmann's law 12319: 12288: 12216: 12195: 12148: 12125: 12059:South Jutlandic 12044:Danish dialects 12010: 11891: 11834: 11805: 11787:East Franconian 11741:Viennese German 11654: 11635:Silesian German 11601: 11590:Central Hessian 11480: 11405:Namibian German 11394: 11385: 11363:Standard German 11357: 11343:New High German 11329:Old High German 11303: 11282: 11264: 11175: 11147: 11108: 11092:East Pomeranian 11082:Brandenburgisch 11069:East Low German 11063: 10990:Dutch Low Saxon 10982:West Low German 10976: 10934: 10900:Schiermonnikoog 10881: 10776: 10762:Wursten Frisian 10725: 10691: 10574: 10561: 10551: 10546: 10516: 10511: 10498: 10491: 10484: 10471: 10440: 10426:Public holidays 10340: 10269: 10228: 10180: 10114: 10088:Current cabinet 10061: 9984: 9951:Slesvig-Holsten 9875: 9865: 9856: 9826: 9821: 9805: 9780: 9757: 9739: 9699: 9662: 9657: 9627: 9622: 9618:Dansk Sprognævn 9601: 9554: 9548: 9513:South Jutlandic 9493: 9484: 9412: 9410:Danish language 9407: 9363: 9358: 9344: 9325: 9294: 9263: 9198: 9191: 9174:on 18 May 2015. 9171: 9164: 9131: 9096:Rischel, Jørgen 9085: 9083: 9076: 9033:Dansk Sproglære 9014: 8991: 8977: 8975: 8971: 8938: 8810:Jespersen, Otto 8763: 8693: 8666: 8619: 8564: 8562: 8555: 8527:Dansk Sproglære 8475: 8473: 8469: 8462: 8441: 8386: 8308: 8288:on 18 May 2015. 8285: 8274: 8245: 8240: 8239: 8229: 8227: 8218: 8217: 8213: 8203: 8201: 8188: 8187: 8183: 8175: 8171: 8163: 8159: 8151: 8147: 8137: 8135: 8122: 8121: 8117: 8107: 8105: 8092: 8091: 8087: 8079: 8075: 8067: 8063: 8053: 8051: 8038: 8037: 8033: 8023: 8021: 8008: 8007: 8003: 7993: 7991: 7982: 7981: 7977: 7969: 7965: 7957: 7953: 7945: 7938: 7930: 7926: 7918: 7914: 7906: 7902: 7894: 7887: 7879: 7875: 7867: 7863: 7855: 7851: 7841: 7839: 7824: 7820: 7810: 7808: 7795: 7794: 7790: 7782: 7778: 7770: 7763: 7755: 7748: 7740: 7736: 7730:Bredsdorff 1958 7728: 7724: 7716: 7712: 7704: 7700: 7692: 7688: 7680: 7676: 7668: 7664: 7656: 7652: 7644: 7640: 7632: 7628: 7620: 7616: 7608: 7604: 7596: 7592: 7584: 7577: 7569: 7562: 7554: 7547: 7539: 7535: 7527: 7523: 7515: 7511: 7503: 7499: 7491: 7484: 7476: 7472: 7464: 7460: 7452: 7448: 7440: 7436: 7428: 7424: 7416: 7412: 7404: 7400: 7392: 7388: 7380: 7376: 7368: 7359: 7351: 7347: 7337: 7335: 7326: 7325: 7321: 7313: 7309: 7301: 7297: 7289: 7285: 7275: 7273: 7264: 7263: 7259: 7251: 7247: 7237: 7235: 7220: 7216: 7206: 7204: 7195: 7194: 7190: 7179:, Berlin 2003, 7170: 7166: 7161: 7157: 7149: 7142: 7134: 7130: 7120: 7118: 7103: 7099: 7091: 7087: 7070: 7066: 7056: 7054: 7045: 7044: 7040: 7030: 7028: 7019: 7018: 7011: 7003: 6999: 6991: 6987: 6979: 6975: 6965: 6963: 6948: 6944: 6936: 6929: 6921: 6912: 6904: 6900: 6892: 6888: 6880: 6876: 6868: 6861: 6853: 6849: 6836: 6835: 6831: 6823: 6819: 6811: 6807: 6799: 6795: 6787: 6783: 6773: 6771: 6762: 6761: 6757: 6749: 6745: 6737: 6733: 6725: 6721: 6710:heimskringla.no 6706:"Ynglinga saga" 6704: 6703: 6699: 6691: 6687: 6679: 6675: 6667: 6660: 6654:Bredsdorff 1958 6652: 6648: 6638: 6636: 6625: 6618: 6610: 6606: 6598: 6594: 6586: 6571: 6563: 6559: 6551: 6544: 6536: 6529: 6521: 6514: 6506: 6502: 6494: 6487: 6479: 6472: 6462: 6460: 6445: 6438: 6428: 6426: 6413: 6412: 6405: 6397: 6390: 6373: 6369: 6359: 6357: 6336: 6332: 6326: 6315: 6312: 6301: 6297: 6287: 6285: 6272: 6271: 6264: 6259: 6216: 6179: 6123:Dansk Sprognævn 6118: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5990: 5974: 5967: 5964:spelling reform 5959: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5931: 5923: 5915: 5909:Dansk Sprognævn 5874: 5868: 5810: 5778:Questions with 5650:Haberland (1994 5647: 5579: 5370:four and thirty 5355:three and 20th 5259:Ordinal numeral 5139:ordinal numbers 5071: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5051: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5031: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5011: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4980: 4881:Flyet er fløjet 4770: 4754: 4745: 4736: 4725: 4716: 4707: 4696: 4687: 4678: 4667: 4658: 4649: 4638: 4629: 4620: 4596: 4535:det er min hest 4528:: "you kiss me" 4463: 4454: 4434: 4425: 4416: 4402: 4393: 4384: 4370: 4361: 4352: 4339:his/her(s)/its 4338: 4334: 4327: 4323: 4316: 4312: 4300: 4291: 4282: 4268: 4259: 4250: 4220: 4164:linking element 4150: 4113: 4042: 4033: 4024: 4013: 4004: 3995: 3984: 3975: 3966: 3955: 3946: 3937: 3913: 3908: 3907: 3900:det store huset 3896: 3892: 3880:"the big man", 3826:"the boys" and 3705: 3696: 3687: 3678: 3669: 3660: 3651: 3642: 3633: 3622: 3613: 3604: 3595: 3586: 3577: 3568: 3559: 3550: 3497: 3472:nominal genders 3468: 3462: 3418: 3347: 3341: 3315:"cheapest" and 3230:feature called 3210: 2895: 2857: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2582: 2577: 2553:Vowel phonemes 2539:Grønnum (1998a) 2527: 2518: 2498: 2496: 2330:South Jutlandic 2243: 2219: 2217:Other locations 2098: 2047: 2042: 1986: 1931: 1924: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1898: 1867:Parisian French 1802:Remembered Woes 1746: 1739: 1734: 1724: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1639: 1471:younger futhark 1439: 1425: 1412: 1400: 1392: 1390: 1383: 1381: 1374: 1372: 1365: 1363: 1356: 1354: 1347: 1339: 1333: 1322: 1316: 1292: 1166:standard German 1128: 1123: 1114: 1105: 1096: 1087: 1038: 899:(West Danish), 868: 821:Danish dialects 698:, where it has 652: 651: 643: 629: 618: 617: 593: 589: 563:Without proper 551: 535: 520: 519: 513: 496: 495: 489: 488: 480: 470: 469: 462: 452: 451: 444: 434: 432: 430:Dansk Sprognævn 418: 417: 400: 398: 362: 355:Official status 350: 340:Danish alphabet 329: 324: 315:South Jutlandic 258: 250:Late Old Danish 230: 223: 181: 178:Language family 176: 167: 166:Native speakers 160: 136: 116: 104: 76: 71: 60: 49: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12568: 12558: 12557: 12552: 12547: 12542: 12537: 12532: 12527: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12470: 12469: 12467: 12466: 12459: 12449: 12446: 12445: 12442: 12441: 12438: 12437: 12435: 12434: 12429: 12424: 12419: 12414: 12409: 12403: 12401: 12397: 12396: 12394: 12393: 12388: 12383: 12378: 12373: 12368: 12363: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12343: 12338: 12333: 12327: 12325: 12321: 12320: 12318: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12300:Proto-Germanic 12296: 12294: 12290: 12289: 12287: 12286: 12279: 12272: 12264: 12263: 12262: 12261: 12256: 12251: 12241: 12236: 12230: 12228: 12218: 12217: 12205: 12204: 12201: 12200: 12197: 12196: 12194: 12193: 12186: 12179: 12175:Crimean Gothic 12164: 12162: 12154: 12153: 12150: 12149: 12147: 12146: 12145: 12144: 12139: 12130: 12127: 12126: 12124: 12123: 12122: 12121: 12111: 12110: 12109: 12102: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12079: 12078: 12073: 12063: 12062: 12061: 12051: 12049:Insular Danish 12046: 12036: 12035: 12034: 12032:Rinkebysvenska 12029: 12018: 12016: 12012: 12011: 12009: 12008: 12001: 11994: 11993: 11992: 11985: 11973: 11968: 11967: 11966: 11959: 11952: 11946: 11940: 11935: 11930: 11925: 11920: 11915: 11910: 11899: 11897: 11893: 11892: 11890: 11889: 11888: 11887: 11880: 11878:Old East Norse 11875: 11873:Old West Norse 11863: 11855: 11853: 11846: 11836: 11835: 11819: 11818: 11815: 11814: 11811: 11810: 11807: 11806: 11804: 11803: 11796: 11795: 11794: 11784: 11779: 11778: 11777: 11776: 11775: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11755: 11753:South Tyrolean 11745: 11744: 11743: 11733: 11723: 11722: 11721: 11716: 11715: 11714: 11704: 11703: 11702: 11695:High Alemannic 11692: 11691: 11690: 11685: 11668: 11666: 11660: 11659: 11656: 11655: 11653: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11611: 11609: 11603: 11602: 11600: 11599: 11594: 11593: 11592: 11582: 11581: 11580: 11579: 11578: 11573: 11563: 11553: 11552: 11551: 11550: 11549: 11548: 11547: 11537: 11532: 11522: 11521: 11520: 11515: 11499: 11497: 11488: 11486:Central German 11482: 11481: 11479: 11478: 11477: 11476: 11471: 11464: 11459: 11454: 11444: 11439: 11438: 11437: 11427: 11425:Barossa German 11422: 11417: 11412: 11407: 11401: 11399: 11387: 11386: 11384: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11367: 11365: 11359: 11358: 11356: 11355: 11354: 11353: 11339: 11332: 11324: 11322: 11315: 11309: 11308: 11305: 11304: 11302: 11301: 11296: 11290: 11288: 11284: 11283: 11281: 11280: 11274: 11272: 11266: 11265: 11263: 11262: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11229: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11207: 11206: 11204:French Flemish 11196: 11195: 11194: 11183: 11181: 11177: 11176: 11174: 11173: 11163: 11157: 11155: 11149: 11148: 11146: 11145: 11140: 11135: 11129: 11127: 11120: 11118:Low Franconian 11114: 11113: 11110: 11109: 11107: 11106: 11105: 11104: 11094: 11089: 11084: 11079: 11073: 11071: 11065: 11064: 11062: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11050: 11049: 11039: 11038: 11037: 11032: 11027: 11026: 11025: 11020: 11012: 11007: 11002: 10997: 10986: 10984: 10978: 10977: 10975: 10974: 10967: 10959: 10957: 10950: 10944: 10943: 10940: 10939: 10936: 10935: 10933: 10932: 10931: 10930: 10925: 10924: 10923: 10922: 10921: 10919:Westereendersk 10913: 10902: 10897: 10891: 10889: 10883: 10882: 10880: 10879: 10878: 10877: 10872: 10865: 10860: 10859: 10858: 10853: 10850: 10842: 10837: 10836: 10835: 10824: 10823: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10811: 10810: 10805: 10797: 10786: 10784: 10778: 10777: 10775: 10774: 10773: 10772: 10765: 10758: 10746: 10745: 10744: 10735: 10733: 10727: 10726: 10724: 10723: 10720:Middle Frisian 10716: 10708: 10706: 10699: 10693: 10692: 10690: 10689: 10688: 10687: 10680: 10668: 10667: 10666: 10659: 10652: 10640: 10639: 10638: 10637: 10636: 10626:Modern English 10622: 10619:Middle English 10615: 10608: 10597: 10595: 10586: 10576: 10575: 10563: 10562: 10556: 10553: 10552: 10545: 10544: 10537: 10530: 10522: 10513: 10512: 10510: 10509: 10504: 10497: 10496: 10489: 10481: 10480: 10477: 10476: 10473: 10472: 10470: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10448: 10446: 10442: 10441: 10439: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10377: 10376: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10350: 10348: 10342: 10341: 10339: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10287: 10281: 10275: 10274: 10271: 10270: 10268: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10250:Communications 10247: 10242: 10240:Stock Exchange 10237: 10232: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10198: 10192: 10186: 10185: 10182: 10181: 10179: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10166:Prime Minister 10163: 10158: 10153: 10152: 10151: 10141: 10140: 10139: 10134: 10124: 10119: 10110: 10105: 10100: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10079: 10073: 10067: 10066: 10063: 10062: 10060: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10017:Extreme points 10014: 10012:Danish straits 10009: 10004: 9998: 9992: 9986: 9985: 9983: 9982: 9981: 9980: 9970: 9969: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9948: 9943: 9941:Postal history 9938: 9933: 9928: 9927: 9926: 9916: 9914:Denmark–Norway 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9885: 9883: 9877: 9876: 9870: 9867: 9866: 9855: 9854: 9847: 9840: 9832: 9823: 9822: 9810: 9807: 9806: 9804: 9803: 9798: 9792: 9790: 9789:Sign languages 9786: 9785: 9782: 9781: 9779: 9778: 9773: 9767: 9765: 9759: 9758: 9756: 9755: 9749: 9747: 9741: 9740: 9738: 9737: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9716: 9714: 9705: 9701: 9700: 9698: 9697: 9687: 9682: 9677: 9670: 9668: 9664: 9663: 9656: 9655: 9648: 9641: 9633: 9624: 9623: 9621: 9620: 9615: 9609: 9607: 9606:Related topics 9603: 9602: 9600: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9588: 9587: 9580:Dano-Norwegian 9577: 9572: 9567: 9562: 9558: 9556: 9550: 9549: 9547: 9546: 9541: 9540: 9539: 9534: 9523: 9520:Insular Danish 9517: 9516: 9515: 9503: 9501: 9495: 9494: 9487: 9485: 9483: 9482: 9481: 9480: 9475: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9444: 9443: 9441:Danish Braille 9438: 9433: 9428: 9417: 9414: 9413: 9406: 9405: 9398: 9391: 9383: 9377: 9376: 9370: 9362: 9361:External links 9359: 9357: 9356: 9342: 9329: 9323: 9299: 9274:(3): 799–833. 9256: 9203: 9176: 9150: 9135: 9129: 9116: 9106:(3): 809–832. 9092: 9074: 9059: 9046: 9037: 9028: 9019: 8984: 8928: 8919: 8906: 8888:(3): 831–849. 8877: 8868: 8851: 8822: 8806: 8789: 8776: 8767: 8761: 8748: 8719: 8710: 8702:Stødet i dansk 8697: 8691: 8678: 8664: 8651: 8637: 8623: 8617: 8600: 8571: 8553: 8535: 8522: 8482: 8453: 8439: 8423: 8402: 8390: 8384: 8367: 8358: 8332:(3): 619–650. 8321: 8312: 8306: 8290: 8267: 8258: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8238: 8237: 8211: 8181: 8169: 8157: 8145: 8115: 8085: 8073: 8061: 8031: 8001: 7975: 7963: 7961:, p. 820. 7951: 7949:, p. 815. 7936: 7934:, p. 345. 7932:Haberland 1994 7924: 7912: 7910:, p. 344. 7908:Haberland 1994 7900: 7898:, p. 336. 7896:Haberland 1994 7885: 7873: 7861: 7859:, p. 348. 7857:Haberland 1994 7849: 7818: 7797:"tyve,4 – ODS" 7788: 7786:, p. 814. 7776: 7774:, p. 333. 7772:Haberland 1994 7761: 7759:, p. 332. 7757:Haberland 1994 7746: 7744:, p. 331. 7742:Haberland 1994 7734: 7722: 7710: 7698: 7694:Haberland 1994 7686: 7674: 7662: 7660:, p. 325. 7658:Haberland 1994 7650: 7638: 7626: 7624:, p. 326. 7622:Haberland 1994 7614: 7610:Haberland 1994 7602: 7600:, p. 330. 7598:Haberland 1994 7590: 7575: 7573:, p. 813. 7560: 7556:Haberland 1994 7545: 7541:Haberland 1994 7533: 7521: 7509: 7497: 7482: 7480:, p. 811. 7470: 7458: 7446: 7434: 7422: 7410: 7398: 7386: 7384:, p. 130. 7374: 7372:, p. 320. 7370:Haberland 1994 7357: 7355:, p. 319. 7353:Haberland 1994 7345: 7319: 7307: 7295: 7283: 7257: 7245: 7214: 7188: 7164: 7155: 7140: 7128: 7097: 7085: 7064: 7038: 7009: 6997: 6985: 6973: 6942: 6927: 6910: 6908:, p. 831. 6898: 6896:, p. 828. 6886: 6874: 6859: 6857:, p. 225. 6847: 6829: 6817: 6805: 6793: 6791:, p. 220. 6781: 6755: 6743: 6731: 6719: 6697: 6685: 6673: 6658: 6646: 6616: 6612:Haberland 1994 6604: 6592: 6569: 6557: 6542: 6527: 6512: 6510:, p. 318. 6508:Haberland 1994 6500: 6485: 6470: 6436: 6419:www.lexsoft.de 6403: 6388: 6367: 6330: 6303:Insular Danish 6295: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6254: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6231: 6230: 6225: 6215: 6212: 6211: 6210: 6197: 6196: 6178: 6175: 6117: 6114: 5886:Runic alphabet 5870:Main article: 5867: 5864: 5863: 5862: 5834: 5833: 5809: 5806: 5805: 5804: 5796: 5770: 5769: 5765: 5764: 5761: 5758: 5755: 5752: 5749: 5746: 5743: 5739: 5738: 5735: 5732: 5729: 5726: 5723: 5720: 5717: 5713: 5712: 5705: 5698: 5691: 5684: 5677: 5670: 5663: 5646: 5643: 5642: 5641: 5625: 5624: 5612: 5611: 5578: 5575: 5553: 5552: 5549: 5542: 5539: 5536: 5529: 5525: 5524: 5521: 5514: 5511: 5508: 5501: 5497: 5496: 5493: 5486: 5483: 5480: 5473: 5469: 5468: 5465: 5458: 5455: 5452: 5445: 5441: 5440: 5437: 5430: 5427: 5424: 5417: 5413: 5412: 5409: 5402: 5399: 5396: 5389: 5385: 5384: 5383:four and 30th 5381: 5374: 5371: 5368: 5361: 5357: 5356: 5353: 5346: 5343: 5340: 5333: 5329: 5328: 5325: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5305: 5301: 5300: 5297: 5290: 5287: 5284: 5271: 5267: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5257: 5254: 5251: 5109:tre-sinds-tyve 4979: 4976: 4975: 4974: 4935: 4934: 4913: 4907:She had walked 4896:Hun havde gået 4892: 4871: 4865:She has walked 4769: 4766: 4757: 4756: 4747: 4738: 4728: 4727: 4718: 4709: 4699: 4698: 4689: 4680: 4670: 4669: 4660: 4651: 4641: 4640: 4631: 4622: 4612: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4595: 4592: 4591: 4590: 4580: 4530: 4529: 4521: 4520:: "I kiss you" 4517:Jeg kysser dig 4513: 4505: 4466: 4465: 4456: 4447: 4444: 4437: 4436: 4427: 4418: 4409: 4405: 4404: 4403:your(s) (pl.) 4395: 4386: 4377: 4373: 4372: 4363: 4354: 4345: 4341: 4340: 4329: 4318: 4307: 4303: 4302: 4293: 4284: 4275: 4271: 4270: 4261: 4252: 4243: 4239: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4219: 4216: 4196:instead, like 4149: 4146: 4119:, for example 4112: 4109: 4045: 4044: 4035: 4026: 4016: 4015: 4006: 3997: 3987: 3986: 3977: 3968: 3958: 3957: 3948: 3939: 3929: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3912: 3909: 3906: 3905: 3889: 3888: 3877:den store mand 3844:lose the last 3806: 3805: 3791: 3790: 3777: 3776: 3708: 3707: 3698: 3689: 3680: 3671: 3662: 3653: 3644: 3635: 3625: 3624: 3615: 3606: 3597: 3588: 3579: 3570: 3561: 3552: 3542: 3541: 3540:Pl. definite. 3538: 3535: 3532: 3531:Pl. definite. 3529: 3526: 3523: 3522:Pl. definite. 3520: 3517: 3513: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3496: 3493: 3464:Main article: 3461: 3458: 3453:kvinde/kvinder 3450:"ship/ships", 3417: 3414: 3395:"love/loved", 3392:elsker/elskede 3363:SVO word order 3345:Danish grammar 3343:Main article: 3340: 3337: 3324:"car driver". 3209: 3206: 3066: 3065: 3063: 3056: 3054: 3047: 3035: 3028: 3022: 3021: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3001: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2971: 2969: 2957: 2945: 2939: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2927: 2925: 2918: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2899: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2842: 2835: 2828: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2810: 2803: 2797: 2796: 2789: 2782: 2780: 2773: 2766: 2759: 2752: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2731: 2724: 2722: 2715: 2708: 2701: 2694: 2687: 2681: 2680: 2673: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2655: 2648: 2641: 2634: 2628: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2586: 2585: 2580: 2574: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2526: 2523: 2514:Main article: 2495: 2492: 2359: 2358: 2332: 2317: 2314:Danish islands 2304:Insular Danish 2242: 2239: 2218: 2215: 2185:Denmark–Norway 2156:interpretation 2148:Nordic Council 2144:European Union 2097: 2094: 2082:Denmark–Norway 2075:first language 2071:the population 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2026:multiethnolect 1999:Karl Gjellerup 1968:Language shift 1899: 1897: 1894: 1886:Ludvig Holberg 1794:, whose novel 1725: 1723: 1720: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1625:), and "egg" ( 1619:), "husband" ( 1609:. The city of 1528:and the later 1463:runic alphabet 1403: 1391: 1388:Crimean Gothic 1382: 1373: 1364: 1355: 1346: 1335:Main article: 1332: 1329: 1318:Main article: 1315: 1312: 1291: 1288: 1137:militærpoliti, 1127: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1111: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1102: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1057: 1052: 1050: 1044: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1035: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1008: 1005: 1004: 1001: 1000: 993: 988: 986: 978: 976: 974:Old Norse 968: 966: 959: 958: 955: 954: 947: 944: 943: 940: 939: 932: 927: 925: 923:Proto-Germanic 917: 901:Insular Danish 867: 866:Classification 864: 581: 580: 567:, you may see 553: 552: 549: 541: 540: 533: 527: 526: 511: 503: 502: 485: 477: 476: 467: 459: 458: 449: 441: 440: 439:Language codes 436: 435: 428: 426: 420: 419: 416: 415: 410: 404: 403: 401: 396: 393: 392: 389:European Union 383:Nordic Council 379: 378: 373: 363: 360: 357: 356: 352: 351: 349: 348: 346:Danish Braille 343: 332: 330: 326:Writing system 323: 320: 319: 318: 317: 312: 307: 299: 294:Dano-Norwegian 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 264: 260: 259: 257: 256: 255: 254: 253: 252: 240:Old East Norse 233: 231: 228: 225: 224: 222: 221: 220: 219: 218: 217: 216: 215: 214: 213: 201:North Germanic 184: 182: 175: 172: 171: 168: 165: 162: 161: 159: 158: 152: 150: 146: 145: 122: 118: 117: 115: 114: 102: 96: 94: 93:Native to 90: 89: 82: 78: 77: 43: 35: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12567: 12556: 12553: 12551: 12548: 12546: 12543: 12541: 12538: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12482: 12480: 12464: 12460: 12458: 12454: 12451: 12450: 12447: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12407:Germanic verb 12405: 12404: 12402: 12398: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12346:Sievers's law 12344: 12342: 12339: 12337: 12334: 12332: 12329: 12328: 12326: 12322: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12297: 12295: 12293:Reconstructed 12291: 12285: 12284: 12280: 12278: 12277: 12273: 12271: 12270: 12266: 12265: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12246: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12231: 12229: 12227: 12223: 12219: 12215: 12210: 12206: 12192: 12191: 12187: 12185: 12184: 12180: 12177: 12176: 12171: 12170: 12166: 12165: 12163: 12161: 12160: 12155: 12143: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12134: 12132: 12131: 12128: 12120: 12117: 12116: 12115: 12112: 12108: 12107: 12106:Middle Danish 12103: 12101: 12100: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12081: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12068: 12067: 12064: 12060: 12057: 12056: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12041: 12040: 12037: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12024: 12023: 12020: 12019: 12017: 12013: 12007: 12006: 12002: 12000: 11999: 11995: 11991: 11990: 11986: 11984: 11983: 11982:Old Icelandic 11979: 11978: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11965: 11964: 11960: 11958: 11957: 11956:Old Norwegian 11953: 11950: 11947: 11944: 11941: 11939: 11936: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11926: 11924: 11921: 11919: 11916: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11906: 11905: 11904: 11901: 11900: 11898: 11894: 11886: 11885: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11870: 11869: 11868: 11864: 11862: 11861: 11857: 11856: 11854: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11841: 11837: 11833: 11829: 11824: 11820: 11802: 11801: 11797: 11793: 11790: 11789: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11774: 11773:Gottscheerish 11771: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11756: 11754: 11751: 11750: 11749: 11746: 11742: 11739: 11738: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11728: 11727: 11724: 11720: 11717: 11713: 11712:Walser German 11710: 11709: 11708: 11705: 11701: 11698: 11697: 11696: 11693: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11680: 11679: 11678:Low Alemannic 11676: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11669: 11667: 11665: 11661: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11640:High Prussian 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11625:Erzgebirgisch 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11612: 11610: 11608: 11604: 11598: 11595: 11591: 11588: 11587: 11586: 11583: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11568: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11558: 11557: 11554: 11546: 11543: 11542: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11530:Luxembourgish 11528: 11527: 11526: 11523: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11510: 11509: 11506: 11505: 11504: 11501: 11500: 11498: 11496: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11483: 11475: 11472: 11470: 11469: 11468:Klezmer-loshn 11465: 11463: 11462:Scots Yiddish 11460: 11458: 11455: 11453: 11450: 11449: 11448: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11436: 11433: 11432: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11403: 11402: 11400: 11398: 11393: 11388: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11368: 11366: 11364: 11360: 11352: 11351: 11347: 11346: 11345: 11344: 11340: 11338: 11337: 11333: 11331: 11330: 11326: 11325: 11323: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11310: 11300: 11299:Meuse-Rhenish 11297: 11295: 11292: 11291: 11289: 11285: 11279: 11276: 11275: 11273: 11271: 11267: 11261: 11257: 11253: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11230: 11227: 11226:Kleverlandish 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11205: 11202: 11201: 11200: 11197: 11193: 11190: 11189: 11188: 11187:Central Dutch 11185: 11184: 11182: 11178: 11171: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11158: 11156: 11154: 11150: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11130: 11128: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11115: 11103: 11100: 11099: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11074: 11072: 11070: 11066: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11048: 11045: 11044: 11043: 11040: 11036: 11033: 11031: 11028: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11015: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10995:Stellingwarfs 10993: 10992: 10991: 10988: 10987: 10985: 10983: 10979: 10973: 10972: 10968: 10966: 10965: 10961: 10960: 10958: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10945: 10929: 10926: 10920: 10917: 10916: 10915:Wood Frisian 10914: 10911: 10910: 10909: 10906: 10905: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10892: 10890: 10888: 10884: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10870: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10857: 10854: 10851: 10848: 10847: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10833: 10832: 10831: 10828: 10827: 10825: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10800: 10798: 10796: 10795: 10791: 10790: 10788: 10787: 10785: 10783: 10782:North Frisian 10779: 10771: 10770: 10766: 10764: 10763: 10759: 10757: 10756: 10752: 10751: 10750: 10747: 10743: 10740: 10739: 10737: 10736: 10734: 10732: 10728: 10722: 10721: 10717: 10715: 10714: 10710: 10709: 10707: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10694: 10686: 10685: 10681: 10679: 10678: 10674: 10673: 10672: 10669: 10665: 10664: 10660: 10658: 10657: 10653: 10651: 10650: 10646: 10645: 10644: 10641: 10635: 10634: 10630: 10629: 10628: 10627: 10623: 10621: 10620: 10616: 10614: 10613: 10609: 10607: 10604: 10603: 10602: 10599: 10598: 10596: 10594: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10584:Anglo-Frisian 10581: 10577: 10573: 10568: 10564: 10560: 10554: 10550: 10543: 10538: 10536: 10531: 10529: 10524: 10523: 10520: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10499: 10494: 10490: 10487: 10483: 10482: 10478: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10449: 10447: 10443: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10375: 10372: 10371: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10351: 10349: 10347: 10343: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10288: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10276: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10235:National Bank 10233: 10231: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10199: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10187: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10150: 10147: 10146: 10145: 10142: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10129: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10080: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10068: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9999: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9987: 9979: 9976: 9975: 9974: 9971: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9953: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9925: 9922: 9921: 9920: 9919:Danish Empire 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9886: 9884: 9882: 9878: 9874: 9868: 9864: 9860: 9853: 9848: 9846: 9841: 9839: 9834: 9833: 9830: 9820: 9816: 9813: 9808: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9793: 9791: 9787: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9768: 9766: 9764: 9760: 9754: 9751: 9750: 9748: 9746: 9745:Faroe Islands 9742: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9717: 9715: 9713: 9709: 9706: 9702: 9695: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9675: 9672: 9671: 9669: 9665: 9661: 9654: 9649: 9647: 9642: 9640: 9635: 9634: 9631: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9610: 9608: 9604: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9586: 9583: 9582: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9560: 9559: 9557: 9551: 9545: 9542: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9521: 9518: 9514: 9511: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9504: 9502: 9500: 9496: 9491: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9470: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9423: 9422: 9419: 9418: 9415: 9411: 9404: 9399: 9397: 9392: 9390: 9385: 9384: 9381: 9374: 9371: 9368: 9365: 9364: 9353: 9349: 9345: 9343:9780191649134 9339: 9335: 9330: 9326: 9324:9783110197051 9320: 9316: 9312: 9308: 9304: 9300: 9293: 9289: 9285: 9281: 9277: 9273: 9269: 9262: 9257: 9253: 9249: 9245: 9241: 9237: 9233: 9229: 9225: 9221: 9217: 9213: 9209: 9204: 9197: 9189: 9185: 9184: 9177: 9170: 9162: 9158: 9157: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9132: 9130:9788772888736 9126: 9122: 9117: 9113: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9097: 9093: 9081: 9077: 9075:9789027259820 9071: 9067: 9066: 9060: 9057:(2): 190–207. 9056: 9052: 9047: 9043: 9038: 9034: 9029: 9025: 9020: 9013: 9009: 9005: 9001: 8997: 8990: 8985: 8970: 8966: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8948: 8944: 8937: 8933: 8929: 8925: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8907: 8903: 8899: 8895: 8891: 8887: 8883: 8878: 8874: 8869: 8865: 8861: 8857: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8828: 8823: 8819: 8815: 8811: 8807: 8803: 8799: 8795: 8790: 8786: 8782: 8777: 8773: 8768: 8764: 8758: 8754: 8749: 8745: 8741: 8737: 8733: 8729: 8725: 8720: 8716: 8711: 8707: 8703: 8698: 8694: 8692:9788775330089 8688: 8684: 8679: 8675: 8671: 8667: 8661: 8657: 8652: 8648: 8645:(in Danish). 8644: 8638: 8634: 8630: 8624: 8620: 8614: 8610: 8606: 8601: 8597: 8593: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8577: 8572: 8560: 8556: 8554:9780521395137 8550: 8546: 8545: 8540: 8539:Grønnum, Nina 8536: 8532: 8528: 8523: 8519: 8515: 8511: 8507: 8503: 8499: 8496:(1–3): 1–59. 8495: 8491: 8487: 8483: 8472:on 9 May 2018 8468: 8461: 8460: 8454: 8450: 8446: 8442: 8436: 8432: 8428: 8424: 8420: 8416: 8412: 8408: 8403: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8387: 8385:87-7289-146-7 8381: 8377: 8373: 8368: 8364: 8359: 8355: 8351: 8347: 8343: 8339: 8335: 8331: 8327: 8322: 8318: 8317:Dansk syntaks 8313: 8309: 8303: 8299: 8295: 8294:Basbøll, Hans 8291: 8284: 8280: 8273: 8268: 8264: 8259: 8255: 8254: 8248: 8247: 8225: 8221: 8215: 8199: 8195: 8191: 8185: 8178: 8173: 8166: 8161: 8154: 8149: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8124:"SamtaleBank" 8119: 8103: 8099: 8095: 8089: 8082: 8077: 8070: 8065: 8049: 8045: 8041: 8035: 8019: 8015: 8011: 8005: 7989: 7985: 7979: 7972: 7967: 7960: 7955: 7948: 7943: 7941: 7933: 7928: 7921: 7916: 7909: 7904: 7897: 7892: 7890: 7882: 7877: 7871:, p. 24. 7870: 7865: 7858: 7853: 7837: 7833: 7829: 7822: 7806: 7802: 7798: 7792: 7785: 7780: 7773: 7768: 7766: 7758: 7753: 7751: 7743: 7738: 7731: 7726: 7720:, p. 63. 7719: 7714: 7708:, p. 61. 7707: 7702: 7695: 7690: 7684:, p. 49. 7683: 7682:Herslund 2002 7678: 7671: 7666: 7659: 7654: 7647: 7646:Herslund 2001 7642: 7635: 7630: 7623: 7618: 7611: 7606: 7599: 7594: 7587: 7582: 7580: 7572: 7567: 7565: 7557: 7552: 7550: 7542: 7537: 7531:, p. 17. 7530: 7525: 7518: 7517:Steensig 2001 7513: 7506: 7501: 7494: 7493:Grønnum 1998b 7489: 7487: 7479: 7474: 7467: 7462: 7455: 7450: 7443: 7438: 7431: 7426: 7420:, p. 64. 7419: 7414: 7407: 7406:Puggaard 2021 7402: 7396:, p. 43. 7395: 7390: 7383: 7378: 7371: 7366: 7364: 7362: 7354: 7349: 7333: 7329: 7323: 7316: 7311: 7304: 7299: 7292: 7287: 7271: 7267: 7261: 7254: 7253:Sørensen 2011 7249: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7218: 7202: 7198: 7192: 7186: 7185:3-11-014876-5 7182: 7178: 7174: 7168: 7159: 7152: 7147: 7145: 7137: 7132: 7116: 7112: 7111:dialekt.ku.dk 7108: 7101: 7094: 7089: 7082: 7081:91-27-00344-2 7078: 7074: 7068: 7052: 7048: 7042: 7026: 7022: 7016: 7014: 7006: 7001: 6994: 6989: 6982: 6981:Jacobsen 2003 6977: 6961: 6957: 6956:dialekt.ku.dk 6953: 6946: 6939: 6934: 6932: 6924: 6923:Pedersen 2003 6919: 6917: 6915: 6907: 6902: 6895: 6890: 6884:, p. 52. 6883: 6878: 6871: 6870:Pedersen 1996 6866: 6864: 6856: 6855:Pedersen 1996 6851: 6843: 6839: 6833: 6826: 6821: 6814: 6813:Pedersen 1996 6809: 6802: 6801:Pedersen 1996 6797: 6790: 6789:Pedersen 1996 6785: 6769: 6766:. Viking.no. 6765: 6759: 6753:, p. 41. 6752: 6751:Faarlund 1994 6747: 6741:, p. 39. 6740: 6739:Faarlund 1994 6735: 6728: 6727:Faarlund 1994 6723: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6701: 6694: 6689: 6682: 6677: 6670: 6665: 6663: 6655: 6650: 6634: 6630: 6623: 6621: 6613: 6608: 6601: 6596: 6589: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6566: 6561: 6554: 6549: 6547: 6539: 6538:Grønnum 2008b 6534: 6532: 6524: 6523:Grønnum 2008a 6519: 6517: 6509: 6504: 6497: 6492: 6490: 6482: 6477: 6475: 6458: 6455:(in Danish). 6454: 6450: 6443: 6441: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6410: 6408: 6400: 6395: 6393: 6384: 6383: 6382:Glottolog 3.0 6378: 6371: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6346: 6341: 6340:"Older Runic" 6334: 6324: 6323: 6318: 6310: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6269: 6267: 6262: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6220: 6219: 6209: 6206: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6194: 6190: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6185: 6174: 6171: 6165: 6163: 6158: 6157:SamtaleBanken 6152: 6147: 6143: 6138: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6113: 6110: 6104: 6098: 6092: 6086: 6080: 6074: 6068: 6062: 6056: 6050: 6020: 5999: 5998: 5987: 5986: 5980: 5973: 5965: 5941: 5935: 5927: 5919: 5912: 5910: 5906: 5901: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5878: 5873: 5861: 5859: 5854: 5853: 5852: 5849: 5843: 5838: 5831: 5830: 5825: 5824: 5823: 5820: 5815: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5788: 5787: 5786:Wh-question: 5784: 5781: 5776: 5766: 5762: 5759: 5756: 5753: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5736: 5733: 5730: 5727: 5724: 5721: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5703: 5699: 5696: 5692: 5689: 5685: 5682: 5678: 5675: 5671: 5668: 5664: 5661: 5657: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5638: 5634: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5629:dummy subject 5621: 5617: 5616: 5615: 5608: 5604: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5574: 5571: 5565: 5560: 5550: 5547: 5543: 5540: 5537: 5534: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5519: 5515: 5512: 5509: 5506: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5494: 5491: 5487: 5484: 5481: 5478: 5474: 5471: 5470: 5466: 5463: 5459: 5456: 5453: 5450: 5446: 5443: 5442: 5438: 5435: 5431: 5428: 5425: 5422: 5418: 5415: 5414: 5410: 5407: 5403: 5400: 5397: 5394: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5382: 5379: 5375: 5372: 5369: 5366: 5365:fireogtredive 5362: 5359: 5358: 5354: 5351: 5347: 5344: 5341: 5338: 5334: 5331: 5330: 5326: 5323: 5319: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5298: 5295: 5291: 5288: 5285: 5282: 5276: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5264: 5261: 5258: 5255: 5252: 5249: 5248: 5245: 5242: 5236: 5230: 5224: 5218: 5214: 5209: 5203: 5197: 5191: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5169: 5163: 5157: 5151: 5145: 5144:tooghalvtreds 5140: 5136: 5131: 5127: 5122: 5116: 5110: 5104: 5099: 5095: 5090: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5059: 5039: 5019: 4999: 4993: 4990: 4985: 4971: 4967: 4966: 4965: 4962: 4956: 4953: 4949:"to become": 4947: 4941: 4933: 4929: 4924: 4918: 4914: 4912: 4908: 4903: 4897: 4893: 4891: 4887: 4882: 4876: 4872: 4870: 4866: 4861: 4855: 4851: 4850: 4849: 4846: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4824: 4818: 4812: 4806: 4800: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4782: 4776: 4765: 4763: 4752: 4748: 4743: 4739: 4734: 4730: 4729: 4723: 4719: 4714: 4710: 4705: 4701: 4700: 4694: 4690: 4685: 4681: 4676: 4672: 4671: 4665: 4661: 4656: 4652: 4647: 4643: 4642: 4636: 4632: 4627: 4623: 4618: 4614: 4613: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4602: 4588: 4586: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4571: 4570: 4569: 4566: 4560: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4526: 4525:Du kysser mig 4522: 4518: 4514: 4512:: "you sleep" 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4497: 4496: 4493: 4487: 4481: 4475: 4461: 4457: 4452: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4432: 4428: 4423: 4419: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4400: 4396: 4391: 4387: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4368: 4364: 4359: 4355: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4336: 4330: 4325: 4319: 4314: 4308: 4304: 4298: 4294: 4289: 4285: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4266: 4262: 4257: 4253: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4234:Oblique case 4226: 4215: 4212: 4206: 4200: 4194: 4188: 4182: 4176: 4170: 4165: 4161: 4156: 4145: 4142: 4136: 4129: 4123: 4118: 4108: 4107:"accounts"). 4105: 4099: 4093: 4087: 4080: 4077: 4071: 4065: 4059: 4053: 4043:the accounts 4040: 4036: 4031: 4027: 4022: 4018: 4017: 4011: 4007: 4002: 3998: 3993: 3989: 3988: 3982: 3978: 3973: 3969: 3964: 3960: 3959: 3953: 3949: 3944: 3940: 3935: 3931: 3930: 3927:Pl. definite 3926: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3901: 3894: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3883:det store hus 3878: 3872: 3866: 3860: 3856:"Danes" > 3854: 3848: 3842: 3836: 3832:"girls" > 3830: 3824: 3818: 3812: 3803: 3801: 3796: 3795: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3782: 3781: 3780: 3774: 3772: 3767: 3766: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3717: 3703: 3699: 3694: 3690: 3685: 3681: 3676: 3672: 3667: 3663: 3658: 3654: 3649: 3645: 3640: 3636: 3631: 3627: 3626: 3620: 3616: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3598: 3593: 3589: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3571: 3566: 3562: 3557: 3553: 3548: 3544: 3543: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3514: 3503: 3492: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3467: 3457: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3438:"foot/feet", 3436: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3413: 3411: 3407: 3404: 3399: 3393: 3387: 3381: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3346: 3336: 3334: 3329: 3325: 3319: 3310: 3305: 3301: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3290:pitch accents 3286: 3280: 3274: 3268: 3262: 3257: 3256:minimal pairs 3252: 3251: 3245: 3241: 3236: 3235: 3229: 3220: 3214: 3205: 3199: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3170: 3168: 3156: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3128: 3125: 3112: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3064: 3061: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3040: 3036: 3033: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3002: 2999: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2976: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2962: 2958: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2919: 2916: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2861:Basbøll (2005 2847: 2843: 2840: 2836: 2833: 2829: 2826: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2811: 2808: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2787: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2774: 2771: 2767: 2764: 2760: 2757: 2753: 2750: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2729: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2716: 2713: 2709: 2706: 2702: 2699: 2695: 2692: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2671: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2653: 2649: 2646: 2642: 2639: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2587: 2575: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2556: 2550: 2548: 2547:Basbøll (2005 2544: 2540: 2522: 2517: 2509: 2491: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2466: 2463: 2457: 2451: 2445: 2439: 2433: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2411: 2405: 2399: 2397: 2392: 2386: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2302: 2301: 2300: 2297: 2293: 2291: 2286: 2275: 2267: 2261: 2255: 2247: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2207:North Frisian 2204: 2203:Old Norwegian 2199: 2198: 2191: 2186: 2182: 2181: 2175: 2174: 2168: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2093: 2090: 2085: 2083: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2067:lingua franca 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2027: 2022: 2016: 2010: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1993:laureates in 1992: 1984: 1980: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1959: 1955: 1952:and prolific 1951: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1930: 1927: 1921: 1911: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1853: 1848: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1830:"they are"). 1828: 1822: 1816: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1774: 1769: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1751: 1745: 1742: 1736: 1731: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1697: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1668: 1664: 1663:Jutlandic Law 1657: 1651: 1646: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1629: 1624: 1623: 1618: 1617: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1582: 1576: 1570: 1564: 1558: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1526: 1520: 1514: 1509: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1467:elder futhark 1464: 1459: 1453: 1448: 1444: 1438: 1436: 1431: 1430: 1422: 1420: 1416: 1409: 1398: 1389: 1380: 1371: 1362: 1353: 1343: 1338: 1328: 1326: 1321: 1311: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1236: 1230: 1224: 1218: 1212: 1206: 1200: 1193: 1189: 1186: 1180: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1138: 1132: 1118: 1117: 1109: 1108: 1100: 1099: 1091: 1090: 1082: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1056: 1055: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1042: 1041: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1022: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1007: 1006: 1003: 1002: 999: 998: 992: 991: 985: 982: 981: 975: 972: 971: 964: 961: 960: 957: 956: 953: 952: 946: 945: 942: 941: 938: 937: 931: 930: 924: 921: 920: 916: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 893: 890: 888: 883: 881: 877: 873: 863: 861: 857: 852: 848: 843: 842: 836: 832: 829: 824: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 785: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 750:dialect group 748: 744: 740: 737:who lived in 736: 732: 727: 725: 721: 717: 713: 712:United States 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 668: 663: 655: 649: 642: 638: 634: 633: 621: 614: 587: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 560: 554: 547: 542: 538: 534: 532: 528: 525: Jutish 523: 518: Danish 516: 512: 510: 509: 504: 499: 492: 486: 483: 478: 473: 468: 465: 460: 455: 450: 447: 442: 437: 431: 427: 425: 421: 414: 411: 409: 406: 405: 402: 394: 391: 390: 386: 385: 384: 377: 376:Faroe Islands 374: 372: 369: 368: 367: 364: 358: 353: 347: 344: 341: 337: 334: 333: 331: 327: 321: 316: 313: 311: 308: 303: 300: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 266: 265: 261: 251: 248: 247: 246: 243: 242: 241: 238: 237: 236: 232: 226: 212: 209: 208: 207: 204: 203: 202: 199: 198: 197: 194: 193: 192: 189: 188: 187: 186:Indo-European 183: 179: 173: 169: 163: 157: 154: 153: 151: 147: 144: 140: 139:Faroe Islands 134: 130: 126: 123: 119: 111: 107: 103: 101: 98: 97: 95: 91: 87: 83: 81:Pronunciation 79: 74: 68: 63: 57: 52: 47: 41: 36: 32: 27: 22: 19: 12452: 12336:Verner's law 12281: 12276:Gotho-Nordic 12274: 12267: 12188: 12181: 12173: 12167: 12157: 12142:Fårö Gutnish 12104: 12097: 12038: 12003: 11996: 11987: 11980: 11961: 11954: 11882: 11877: 11872: 11865: 11858: 11798: 11700:Swiss German 11664:Upper German 11597:Amana German 11571:Volga German 11540:Hunsrückisch 11466: 11420:Unserdeutsch 11415:Berlinerisch 11348: 11341: 11334: 11327: 11287:Cover groups 11243:Mohawk Dutch 11238:Jersey Dutch 11216:East Flemish 11199:West Flemish 11143:Middle Dutch 11097:Low Prussian 10969: 10962: 10928:Terschelling 10912:Clay Frisian 10887:West Frisian 10875:Wiedingharde 10867: 10855: 10815:Heligolandic 10792: 10767: 10760: 10753: 10748: 10731:East Frisian 10718: 10711: 10684:Middle Scots 10682: 10675: 10661: 10654: 10647: 10642: 10631: 10624: 10617: 10610: 10467:Royal anthem 10452:Coat of arms 10421:Prostitution 10359:Architecture 10316:Homelessness 10296:Demographics 10255:Nordic model 10127:Human rights 10093:Constitution 9973:World War II 9946:Skånelandene 9899:Kalmar Union 9871:Part of the 9811: 9735:Scandoromani 9704:Non-official 9673: 9409: 9367:"Sproget.dk" 9333: 9306: 9271: 9267: 9219: 9215: 9187: 9182: 9169:the original 9160: 9155: 9120: 9103: 9099: 9084:. Retrieved 9064: 9054: 9050: 9041: 9032: 9023: 8999: 8995: 8976:. Retrieved 8946: 8942: 8923: 8914: 8910: 8885: 8881: 8875:(in Danish). 8872: 8855: 8830: 8826: 8817: 8813: 8793: 8784: 8780: 8771: 8752: 8727: 8723: 8714: 8705: 8701: 8682: 8655: 8646: 8642: 8632: 8628: 8608: 8604: 8579: 8575: 8563:. Retrieved 8543: 8530: 8526: 8493: 8489: 8474:. Retrieved 8467:the original 8458: 8430: 8413:(1): 49–75. 8410: 8406: 8397: 8375: 8362: 8329: 8325: 8316: 8297: 8283:the original 8278: 8265:. Routledge. 8262: 8252: 8243:Bibliography 8228:. Retrieved 8214: 8202:. Retrieved 8193: 8184: 8177:Basbøll 2005 8172: 8160: 8148: 8136:. Retrieved 8132:the original 8127: 8118: 8106:. Retrieved 8097: 8088: 8076: 8064: 8052:. Retrieved 8043: 8034: 8022:. Retrieved 8013: 8004: 7992:. Retrieved 7984:"Udgivelser" 7978: 7966: 7959:Rischel 2012 7954: 7947:Rischel 2012 7927: 7915: 7903: 7876: 7864: 7852: 7840:. Retrieved 7831: 7821: 7809:. Retrieved 7800: 7791: 7784:Rischel 2012 7779: 7737: 7725: 7713: 7701: 7689: 7677: 7665: 7653: 7641: 7629: 7617: 7605: 7593: 7571:Rischel 2012 7536: 7524: 7512: 7500: 7478:Rischel 2012 7473: 7466:Basbøll 2005 7461: 7449: 7437: 7430:Grønnum 2005 7425: 7418:Basbøll 2005 7413: 7401: 7394:Basbøll 2005 7389: 7382:Basbøll 2005 7377: 7348: 7336:. Retrieved 7322: 7310: 7298: 7291:Ejskjær 1990 7286: 7274:. Retrieved 7260: 7248: 7236:. Retrieved 7227: 7217: 7207:22 September 7205:. Retrieved 7191: 7176: 7172: 7167: 7158: 7136:Nielsen 1959 7131: 7119:. Retrieved 7110: 7100: 7088: 7072: 7071:Bengt Pamp: 7067: 7055:. Retrieved 7041: 7029:. Retrieved 7025:the original 7000: 6993:Rischel 2012 6988: 6976: 6964:. Retrieved 6955: 6945: 6906:Rischel 2012 6901: 6894:Rischel 2012 6889: 6877: 6850: 6842:the original 6832: 6820: 6808: 6796: 6784: 6774:22 September 6772:. Retrieved 6758: 6746: 6734: 6722: 6709: 6700: 6688: 6676: 6669:Åkesson 2005 6649: 6637:. Retrieved 6607: 6600:Rischel 2012 6595: 6560: 6503: 6461:. Retrieved 6452: 6427:. Retrieved 6418: 6380: 6370: 6358:. Retrieved 6343: 6333: 6320: 6306: 6298: 6286:. Retrieved 6277: 6232: 6217: 6207: 6203:in English: 6200: 6198: 6182: 6180: 6177:Example text 6166: 6139: 6119: 6064:(could) and 6051: 5913: 5905:conservative 5902: 5894:Latin script 5890:Christianity 5883: 5857: 5855: 5835: 5828: 5826: 5811: 5792:hvem så hun? 5785: 5777: 5773: 5648: 5645:Main clauses 5626: 5613: 5594: 5580: 5556: 5350:treogtyvende 5205:(Old Danish 5193:(Old Danish 5165:. Twenty is 5091: 5086: 4995:The numeral 4994: 4981: 4957: 4936: 4931: 4928:She had left 4927: 4917:Hun var gået 4910: 4906: 4889: 4886:She has left 4885: 4868: 4864: 4854:Hun har gået 4801: 4786: 4771: 4764: 4760: 4584: 4582: 4574: 4572: 4531: 4469: 4460:sin/sit/sine 4297:din/dit/dine 4265:min/mit/mine 4159: 4151: 4122:min fars hus 4116: 4114: 4081: 4048: 3893: 3868:(common) or 3807: 3799: 3797: 3792: 3785: 3783: 3778: 3770: 3768: 3764:Indefinite: 3763: 3711: 3495:Definiteness 3487: 3486:gender, and 3483: 3479: 3475: 3469: 3419: 3410:onomatopoeia 3355:inflectional 3348: 3326: 3302: 3244:glottal stop 3240:creaky voice 3225: 3197: 3185: 3171: 3166: 3140: 3132:approximants 3129: 3113: 3108: 3100: 3096: 3088: 3069: 2858: 2528: 2519: 2481: 2467: 2415:pitch accent 2400: 2395: 2360: 2298: 2294: 2281: 2220: 2178: 2164: 2150:. Under the 2121: 2105:Learn Danish 2104: 2088: 2086: 2079: 2066: 2051:Danish Realm 2048: 2045:Danish Realm 2021:regionssprog 2011: 1976: 1932: 1923: 1901: 1871: 1843: 1832: 1824:"he is" vs. 1801: 1797:Jammersminde 1788:Thomas Kingo 1747: 1738: 1727: 1722:Early Modern 1718: 1712: 1700: 1692: 1672: 1659: 1653: 1642: 1633: 1586: 1545: 1535: 1507: 1500: 1496: 1475: 1440: 1429:Heimskringla 1424: 1405: 1395: Other 1331:Runic Danish 1327: 1323: 1308: 1293: 1279: 1275: 1265: 1255: 1194: 1190: 1174:World War II 1143: 1074: 1060: 1059: 1025: 1010: 995: 949: 934: 894: 891: 884: 870:Danish is a 869: 845:, a kind of 825: 786: 777: 761: 752:, while the 746: 728: 585: 584: 556: 531:Linguasphere 506: 387: 381: 380: 279:Dano-Faroese 210: 72: 61: 50: 18: 12351:Kluge's law 12331:Grimm's law 12114:Dalecarlian 12093:Perkerdansk 12066:East Danish 11884:Old Gutnish 11860:Proto-Norse 11800:Langobardic 11792:Vogtlandian 11620:Upper Saxon 11474:Lachoudisch 11435:Lotegorisch 11313:High German 11059:Westphalian 11054:Eastphalian 11018:Achterhooks 10895:Hindeloopen 10830:Bökingharde 10799:Föhr–Amrum 10713:Old Frisian 10677:Early Scots 10612:Old English 10416:Photography 10311:Health care 10306:Immigration 10217:Flexicurity 10149:enforcement 10137:LGBT rights 10113:Folketing ( 9904:Reformation 9889:Archaeology 9796:Danish Sign 9685:Greenlandic 9575:Perkerdansk 9528:(østdansk) 9526:East Danish 9463:Orthography 9303:Vikør, Lars 9086:10 December 8978:12 December 8949:: 154–173. 8730:(1): 7–18. 8649:(2): 19–23. 8643:Mål og Mæle 8635:(1): 15–20. 8629:Mål og Mæle 8565:16 November 8476:17 December 8138:12 December 8108:14 December 8069:Trecca 2021 8054:14 December 8024:14 December 7994:14 December 7920:Jensen 2011 7842:17 December 7303:Kroman 1980 7151:Prince 1924 6463:20 December 6429:20 December 6360:13 November 6228:Greenlandic 6187:in Danish: 5827:Han sagde, 5800:så hun ham? 5587:V2 language 5118:(short for 5106:(short for 4875:Hun er gået 4726:remembered 4708:to remember 4604:infinitive 4504:: "I sleep" 4333:hans/hendes 3820:"boys > 3706:the fishes 3333:interaction 3136:approximant 3026:Approximant 2432:stødgrænsen 2335:East Danish 2160:translation 2063:Greenlandic 2049:Within the 2032:Perkerdansk 1991:Nobel Prize 1947:philosopher 1944:existential 1878:comparative 1874:Rasmus Rask 1806:Orthography 1696:Rimkrøniken 1667:Scanian Law 1505:monophthong 1458:Norrœnt mál 1452:Dǫnsk tunga 1443:Proto-Norse 1379:Old English 963:Proto-Norse 909:Bornholmian 907:(including 905:East Danish 856:case system 805:Reformation 778:continental 764:along with 741:during the 739:Scandinavia 662:dansk sprog 571:instead of 310:East Danish 289:Perkerdansk 229:Early forms 12479:Categories 12183:Burgundian 12099:Old Danish 12088:Gøtudanskt 12071:Bornholmsk 11933:Vestlandsk 11913:Kebabnorsk 11650:Halcnovian 11615:Thuringian 11278:Limburgish 11248:Stadsfries 11221:Brabantian 10948:Low German 10794:Eiderstedt 10649:Fingallian 10391:Literature 10229:(currency) 10098:Corruption 9931:Golden Age 9894:Viking Age 9753:Gøtudanskt 9720:Bornholmsk 9676:(national) 9565:Gøtudanskt 9532:Bornholmsk 9458:Literature 9145:2005.03521 8858:(159): 1. 8787:: 123–150. 8762:3895863963 8715:Sprogforum 8094:"KorpusDK" 8044:nors.ku.dk 8014:jysk.au.dk 7832:sproget.dk 7811:1 December 7315:Arboe 2008 7238:17 January 7121:17 January 7057:17 January 6565:Vikør 2002 6322:Ethnologue 6308:Ethnologue 6257:References 5737:for years 5595:foundation 5559:long scale 5208:fyritiughu 5196:þrjatiughu 5038:halvfjerde 5018:halvtredje 4562:(her) and 4541:den er min 4335:/dens/dets 4328:him/her/it 4111:Possession 3784:Jeg så hus 3697:fish (pl.) 3623:the years 3596:"the days" 3569:the months 3447:skib/skibe 3435:fod/fødder 3403:accusative 3386:fod/fødder 3328:Intonation 3190:non-rhotic 3172:In onset, 3072:allophones 2897:Pharyngeal 2855:Consonants 2543:IPA/Danish 2350:bornholmsk 2290:Copenhagen 2269:nor tones. 2138:, just as 2107:banner in 2059:Gøtudanskt 1995:Literature 1977:After the 1954:fairy tale 1936:Golden Age 1890:Hans Egede 1882:historical 1743:, proverbs 1675:Low German 1158:Low German 1126:Vocabulary 851:inflective 833:, and its 813:Copenhagen 762:West Norse 747:East Norse 743:Viking Era 694:region of 644:pronounced 12463:varieties 12455:indicate 12269:Northwest 12214:Philology 12119:Elfdalian 12054:Jutlandic 11976:Icelandic 11951:(written) 11945:(written) 11923:Trøndersk 11903:Norwegian 11867:Old Norse 11688:Coloniero 11672:Alemannic 11645:Wymysorys 11513:Colognian 11508:Ripuarian 11430:Rotwelsch 11260:Midslands 11211:Zeelandic 11192:Hollandic 11166:Afrikaans 11138:Old Dutch 10964:Old Saxon 10863:Karrharde 10845:Goesharde 10826:Mainland 10559:philology 10386:Jante Law 10321:Languages 10301:Education 10265:Transport 10108:Elections 10022:Geography 9990:Geography 9909:Danevirke 9812:See Also: 9763:Greenland 9730:Jutlandic 9553:Variants, 9507:Jutlandic 9468:Phonology 9352:883571244 9288:233707119 9252:147513872 9236:0023-8309 9008:2445-7256 8902:201873487 8847:143911692 8744:144030730 8596:249412109 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