2017:
3787:
4552:
656:
1338:
2187:
400:
1110:
1904:, some 67,000 people over the age of five were reported as Swedish speakers, though without any information on the degree of language proficiency. Similarly, there were 16,915 reported Swedish speakers in Canada from the 2001 census. Although there are no certain numbers, some 40,000 Swedes are estimated to live in the London area in the United Kingdom. Outside Sweden and Finland, there are about 40,000 active learners enrolled in Swedish language courses.
6318:
telefonservicesamtal, exempelvis frĂ„n försĂ€ljare eller upplysningscentraler. Undersökningen visar att 54 procent föredrar att motparten pratar rikssvenska, vilket troligen hĂ€nger ihop med dess tydlighet. Men Ă€ven norrlĂ€ndskan plockar höga poĂ€ng â 25 procent tycker att det Ă€r den mest förtroendeingivande dialekten. Tilltron till norrlĂ€ndska Ă€r Ă€nnu större hos personer under 29 Ă„r, medan stödet för rikssvenska Ă€r störst bland personer över 55 Ă„r.
1434:-speaking immigrants. Many became quite influential members of Swedish medieval society, and brought terms from their native languages into the vocabulary. Besides a great number of loanwords for such areas as warfare, trade and administration, general grammatical suffixes and even conjunctions were imported. The League also brought a certain measure of influence from Danish (at the time Swedish and Danish were much more similar than today).
1569:
1689:
1785:("Miss") was considered the only acceptable way to begin conversation with strangers of unknown occupation, academic title or military rank. The fact that the listener should preferably be referred to in the third person tended to further complicate spoken communication between members of society. In the early 20th century, an unsuccessful attempt was made to replace the insistence on titles with
1932:
3902:(lit., "parish speech"). They are generally separated into six major groups, with common characteristics of prosody, grammar and vocabulary. One or several examples from each group are given here. Though each example is intended to be also representative of the nearby dialects, the actual number of dialects is several hundred if each individual community is considered separately.
1705:
1642:. It established the use of the vowels "Ä", "À", and "ö", and the spelling "ck" in place of "kk", distinguishing it clearly from the Danish Bible, perhaps intentionally, given the ongoing rivalry between the countries. All three translators came from central Sweden, which is generally seen as adding specific Central Swedish features to the new Bible.
2202:, but with the short vowel being slightly lower and slightly centralized. In contrast to e.g. Danish, which has only tense vowels, the short vowels are slightly more lax, but the tense vs. lax contrast is not nearly as pronounced as in English, German or Dutch. In many dialects, the short vowel sound pronounced or has merged with the short
1885:, 44% of respondents from Finland who did not have Swedish as a native language considered themselves to be proficient enough in Swedish to hold a conversation. Due to the close relation between the Scandinavian languages, a considerable proportion of speakers of Danish and especially Norwegian are able to understand Swedish.
1915:, where many Swedish immigrants settled. By 1940, approximately 6% of Minnesota's population spoke Swedish. Although the use of Swedish has significantly declined, it is not uncommon to find older generations and communities that still retain some use and knowledge of the language, particularly in rural communities like
3947:
1736:(literally, "book Swedish"), especially among the working classes, where spelling to some extent influenced pronunciation, particularly in official contexts. With the industrialization and urbanization of Sweden well under way by the last decades of the 19th century, a new breed of authors made their mark on
4314:
where the percentage of
Finland Swedes partly is high, with Swedish being spoken by more than 90% of the population in several municipalities, and on Ă
land, where Swedish is spoken by a vast majority of the population and is the only official language. Swedish is an official language also in the rest
4301:
in 1809. Swedish was the sole administrative language until 1902 as well as the dominant language of culture and education until
Finnish independence in 1917. The percentage of Swedish speakers in Finland has steadily decreased since then. The Swedish-speaking population is mainly concentrated in the
1755:
It was during the 20th century that a common, standardized national language became available to all Swedes. The orthography finally stabilized and became almost completely uniform, with some minor deviations, by the time of the spelling reform of 1906. With the exception of plural forms of verbs and
3914:
and advanced forms of transport. The differences are today more accurately described by a scale that runs from "standard language" to "rural dialect" where the speech even of the same person may vary from one extreme to the other depending on the situation. All
Swedish dialects with the exception of
2167:
From 1918 to 1940, when
Estonia was independent, the small Swedish community was well treated. Municipalities with a Swedish majority, mainly found along the coast, used Swedish as the administrative language and Swedish-Estonian culture saw an upswing. However, most Swedish-speaking people fled to
1880:
According to a rough estimation, as of 2010 there were up to 300,000 Swedish-speakers living outside Sweden and
Finland. The largest populations were in the United States (up to 100,000), the UK, Spain and Germany (c. 30,000 each) and a large proportion of the remaining 100,000 in the Scandinavian
1533:
A transitional change of the Latin script in the Nordic countries was to spell the letter combination "ae" as ĂŠ â and sometimes as a' â though it varied between persons and regions. The combination "ao" was similarly rendered a, and "oe" became o. These three were later to evolve into the separate
1645:
Though it might seem as if the Bible translation set a very powerful precedent for orthographic standards, spelling actually became more inconsistent during the remainder of the century. It was not until the 17th century that spelling began to be discussed, around the time when the first grammars
3942:
The samples linked below have been taken from SweDia, a research project on
Swedish modern dialects available for download (though with information in Swedish only), with many more samples from 100 different dialects with recordings from four different speakers: older female, older male, younger
6339:
17 § RÀtt till eget sprÄk och egen kultur
Finlands nationalsprÄk Àr finska och svenska. Vars och ens rÀtt att hos domstol och andra myndigheter i egen sak anvÀnda sitt eget sprÄk, antingen finska eller svenska, samt att fÄ expeditioner pÄ detta sprÄk skall tryggas genom lag. Det allmÀnna skall
3909:
view of ethnicity and language. The idea that only rural variants of
Swedish should be considered "genuine" is not generally accepted by modern scholars. No dialects, no matter how remote or obscure, remained unchanged or undisturbed by a minimum of influences from surrounding dialects or the
4374:
showed that foreign learners had difficulties in guessing the origins of
Rinkeby Swedish speakers in Stockholm. The greatest difficulty proved to be identifying the speech of a boy speaking Rinkeby Swedish whose parents were both Swedish; only 1.8% guessed his native language correctly.
6317:
NorrlÀndska och rikssvenska Àr de mest förtroendeingivande dialekterna. Men gotlÀndska och vÀrmlÀndska gör svenskarna misstÀnksamma, enligt en ny riksomfattande undersökning. Handelns utredningsinstitut (HUI) har frÄgat 800 svenskar om hur de uppfattar olika dialekter som de hör i
1960:
failure. A proposal for a broader language law, designating
Swedish as the main language of the country and bolstering the status of the minority languages, was submitted by an expert committee to the Swedish Ministry of Culture in March 2008. It was subsequently enacted by the
1826:
became the standard, even in formal and official contexts. Though the reform was not an act of any centralized political decree, but rather the result of sweeping change in social attitudes, it was completed in just a few years, from the late 1960s to early 1970s. The use of
1730:(lit., "Now-Swedish") in linguistics, and started in the last decades of the 19th century. It saw a democratization of the language with a less formal written form that approached the spoken one. The growth of a public school system also led to the evolution of so-called
6294:
876:
Swedish pronunciations also vary greatly from one region to another, a legacy of the vast geographic distances and historical isolation. Even so, the vocabulary is standardized to a level that make dialects within Sweden virtually fully mutually intelligible.
1756:
a slightly different syntax, particularly in the written language, the language was the same as the Swedish of today. The plural verb forms appeared decreasingly in formal writing into the 1950s, when their use was removed from all official recommendations.
1637:
The Vasa Bible is often considered to be a reasonable compromise between old and new; while not adhering to the colloquial spoken language of its day, it was not overly conservative in its use of archaic forms. It was a major step towards a more consistent
6165:
1849:). As of 2006, it was the sole native language of 83% of Swedish residents. In 2007, around 5.5% (c. 290,000) of the population of Finland were native speakers of Swedish, partially due to a decline following the Russian annexation of Finland after the
4350:, a suburb of northern Stockholm with a large immigrant population) is a common name among linguists for varieties of Swedish spoken by young people of foreign heritage in certain suburbs and urban districts in the major cities of Stockholm,
4362:, because the immigrant dialects share common traits independent of their geographical spread or the native country of the speakers. However, some studies have found distinctive features and led to terms such as RosengÄrd Swedish (after
4378:
New linguistic practices in multilingual urban contexts in fiction and hip-hop culture and rap lyrics have been introduced that go beyond traditional socio-linguistic domains. See also KÀllström (Chapter 12) and Knudsen (Chapter 13).
3893:
inflections. These dialects can be near-incomprehensible to a majority of Swedes, and most of their speakers are also fluent in Standard Swedish. The different dialects are often so localized that they are limited to individual
1950:
Swedish is the official main language of Sweden. Swedish is also one of two official languages of Finland. In Sweden, it has long been used in local and state government, and most of the educational system, but remained only a
1820:, the singular second person pronoun, used to address people of lower social status. With the liberalization and radicalization of Swedish society in the 1950s and 1960s, these class distinctions became less important, and
822:(Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish), based on mutual intelligibility due to heavy influence of East Scandinavian (particularly Danish) on Norwegian during the last millennium and divergence from both Faroese and Icelandic.
2866:
are inflected in two declensions â indefinite and definite â and they must match the noun they modify in gender and number. The indefinite neuter and plural forms of an adjective are usually created by adding a suffix
6304:
1881:
countries, France, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Canada and Australia. Over three million people speak Swedish as a second language, with about 2,410,000 of those in Finland. According to a survey by the
6161:
1955:
primary language with no official status in law until 2009. A bill was proposed in 2005 that would have made Swedish an official language, but failed to pass by the narrowest possible margin (145â147) due to a
3341:
to the Swedish spelling system and are therefore pronounced recognizably to a French-speaker. Most of them are distinguished by a "French accent", characterized by emphasis on the last syllable. For example,
1325:, as in the Old Norse word for "island". By the end of the period, these innovations had affected most of the Runic Swedish-speaking area as well, with the exception of the dialects spoken north and east of
2198:, 9 long and 9 short. As in the other Germanic languages, including English, most long vowels are phonetically paired with one of the short vowels, and the pairs are such that the two vowels are of similar
1980:
of Finland), where the vast majority of the 26,000 inhabitants speak Swedish as a first language. In Finland as a whole, Swedish is one of the two "national" languages, with the same official status as
1622:, a translation deemed so successful and influential that, with revisions incorporated in successive editions, it remained the most common Bible translation until 1917. The main translators were
657:
2008:
speaking Swedish have the opportunity to use their native language when interacting with official bodies in other Nordic countries without being liable for interpretation or translation costs.
3292:
of Swedish is mainly Germanic, either through common Germanic heritage or through loans from German, Middle Low German, and to some extent, English. Examples of Germanic words in Swedish are
1530:. By the 16th century, the case and gender systems of the colloquial spoken language and the profane literature had been largely reduced to the two cases and two genders of modern Swedish.
6277:
Employees on radio and television do not always follow the same Swedish norm. What do you think about them using their own ordinary spoken language instead of standard Finland-Swedish (
2094:
has official status as the regulatory body for Swedish in Finland. Among its highest priorities is to maintain intelligibility with the language spoken in Sweden. It has published
1237:
From 1200 onwards, the dialects in Denmark began to diverge from those of Sweden. The innovations spread unevenly from Denmark, creating a series of minor dialectal boundaries, or
5367:
3277:
5088:
4256:
4827:
3693:
if the characters are unavailable is an unusual convention for speakers of modern Swedish. Despite the availability of all these characters in the Swedish national
1176:, evolved into Old Norse. This language underwent more changes that did not spread to all of Scandinavia, which resulted in the appearance of two similar dialects:
6938:
3566:, these three characters are not considered to be diacritics within the Swedish application, but rather separate letters, and are independent letters following
5305:
4371:
1911:, particularly during the 19th and early 20th centuries, there was a significant Swedish-speaking immigrant population. This was notably true in states like
1658:
typeface that was used to print the Bible. This typeface was in use until the mid-18th century, when it was gradually replaced with a Latin typeface (often
8561:
5339:
5328:
5113:
1740:. Many scholars, politicians and other public figures had a great influence on the emerging national language, among them prolific authors like the poet
5236:
3085:
In contrast to English and many other languages, Swedish does not use the perfect participle to form the present perfect and past perfect. Rather, the
625:
6066:
5947:
841:, dictionaries, grammars, and regulatory bodies. Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish are thus from a linguistic perspective more accurately described as a
6231:
5999:
5782:
3869:
has been a local variant that has not been heavily influenced by the standard language and that can trace a separate development all the way back to
5675:
3218:
is occasionally used for some verbs, but its use is in sharp decline and few speakers perceive the handful of commonly used verbs (as for instance:
5527:
1654:
capitalized all nouns, while others capitalized more sparsely. It is also not always apparent which letters are capitalized owing to the Gothic or
4063:
5463:
2091:
5270:
1665:
Some important changes in sound during the Modern Swedish period were the gradual assimilation of several different consonant clusters into the
9999:
7822:
7459:
5580:"Konvention mellan Sverige, Danmark, Finland, Island, och Norge om nordiska medborgares rÀtt att anvÀnda sitt eget sprÄk i annat nordiskt land"
2616:
form) â although it is debated if the genitive in Swedish should be seen as a genitive case or just the nominative plus the so-called genitive
1767:, "the you-reform". Previously, the proper way to address people of the same or higher social status had been by title and surname. The use of
1551:
3280:
order, as in English (but not German). Adjectives precede the noun they modify. Verb-second (inverted) word order is also used for questions.
7632:
4389:
1390:("the VÀstgöta Law") is believed to have been compiled for the first time. It is among the most important documents of the period written in
6377:
5150:
5065:
8936:
8014:
6254:
8734:
6892:
5618:
4184:
5579:
7211:
1833:
as a polite form of address is sometimes encountered today in both the written and spoken language, particularly among older speakers.
845:
of Scandinavian (North Germanic), and some of the dialects, such as those on the border between Norway and Sweden, especially parts of
4625:
1406:(1375â1526), "older" and "younger" Old Swedish. Important outside influences during this time came with the firm establishment of the
4603:
4051:
5356:
5210:
4076:
6330:
2669:
3362:("shop; affair"), etc. Cross-borrowing from other Germanic languages has also been common, at first from Middle Low German, the
7981:
7517:
4233:
3808:("French R") south of it. It follows that the R+S combination is pronounced as spelled south of the boundary, while pronounced
2225:, vary considerably in pronunciation depending on the dialect and social status of the speaker. In many dialects, sequences of
1858:
618:
303:
7665:
7061:
7035:
7017:
6996:
6965:
6852:
6834:
6789:
6755:
6725:
6707:
6681:
6655:
6637:
6619:
6593:
6563:
6530:
6504:
6486:
5845:
5035:
4992:
4965:
4938:
4900:
4863:
4810:
3245:, prepositions formerly determined case in Swedish, but this feature can only be found in certain idiomatic expressions like
408: Regions where Swedish is an official language spoken by the majority of the population (Sweden, Ă
land, Western Finland)
5085:
3272:. (Adverbial phrases denoting time are usually placed at the beginning of a main clause that is at the head of a sentence.)
9979:
8551:
5357:"1940 Census of Population: Mother Tongue, by Nativity, Parentage, Country of Origin, and Age, for States and Large Cities"
4573:
5558:
4835:
2480:
2466:
825:
By many general criteria of mutual intelligibility, the Continental Scandinavian languages could very well be considered
434:
9463:
6107:
5400:
3816:(similar to "sh" in "shark") north of it. This isogloss is the most imperative of all Swedish pronunciation differences.
829:
of a common Scandinavian language. However, because of several hundred years of sometimes quite intense rivalry between
7815:
6808:
6029:
1670:
1250:
6340:
tillgodose landets finsksprÄkiga och svensksprÄkiga befolknings kulturella och samhÀlleliga behov enligt lika grunder.
5644:
9984:
7625:
7126:
7112:
7098:
7085:
6927:
2517:
2040:) is the regulator of Swedish in Sweden but does not attempt to enforce control of the language, as for instance the
611:
3586:
used only in names (such as "Wallenberg") and foreign words ("bowling"), and so was both sorted and pronounced as a
8007:
7491:
7464:
7285:
5496:
4269:
was the variety they would prefer to hear when speaking with salesmen over the phone, even though dialects such as
5430:
5247:
1430:
became very influential. The Hanseatic league provided Swedish commerce and administration with a large number of
1206:
alphabet, which had only 16 letters. Because the number of runes was limited, some runes were used for a range of
9994:
2459:
1957:
424:
6648:
Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet.
5291:
10004:
7204:
6418:
5325:
34:
5105:
390:
9989:
9969:
9964:
9830:
7965:
7808:
7558:
4511:
3811:
2473:
1485:, having masculine, feminine and neuter genders. The masculine and feminine genders were later merged into a
582:
325:
5943:
5233:
3677:
may very exceptionally be seen in elaborated style (for instance: "AĂŻda"). The German convention of writing
1650:
during this time was not standardized. It depended on the authors and their background. Those influenced by
1580:. The title translated to English reads: "The Bible / That is / The Holy Scripture / in Swedish. Printed in
1260:
An early change that separated Runic Danish from the other dialects of Old East Norse was the change of the
739:
in the 19th century, and was well established by the beginning of the 20th century. While distinct regional
343:
9974:
9860:
9030:
8992:
8977:
7618:
7479:
6070:
5553:
2926:
2510:
2164:
and observe the holidays of the Swedish calendar, although their dialect is most likely facing extinction.
2083:, in addition to various books on grammar, spelling and manuals of style. Although the dictionaries have a
1666:
8304:
6227:
5995:
5774:
2238:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2207:
2203:
9840:
9700:
9050:
9009:
8999:
8000:
7541:
7469:
5667:
3573:
3338:
3257:
2494:
2386:
2172:, that is, before the invasion of Estonia by the Soviet army in 1944. Only a handful of speakers remain.
2069:
799:
791:
288:
5517:
3100:, used solely for this purpose (although often identical to the neuter form of the perfect participle):
8216:
7005:
6982:
2887:("green chairs"). The definite form of an adjective is identical to the indefinite plural form, e. g.,
2526:
2372:
2142:, and entitled to use their native language in parliamentary debates. After the loss of Estonia to the
2001:
721:, although the degree of mutual intelligibility is dependent on the dialect and accent of the speaker.
6913:
5452:
4265:), the attitudes of Swedes to the use of certain dialects by salesmen revealed that 54% believed that
2065:
9959:
9557:
7534:
7197:
7180:
6354:
5264:
3809:
2937:
has been introduced, particularly in literary Swedish. Unlike the nouns, pronouns have an additional
2214:
2079:
2021:
1986:
30:
6447:
5811:
5189:
4551:
1865:
of southern and western Finland. In some of these areas, Swedish is the predominant language; in 19
415: Regions where Swedish is an official language spoken by a minority of the population (Finland)
9835:
9789:
9784:
9708:
9318:
9302:
9181:
9040:
8931:
8926:
7512:
7484:
7454:
7406:
7383:
6781:
5778:
3499:
3426:
2427:
2379:
2060:
orthographic standard. Among the many organizations that make up the Swedish Language Council, the
2033:
1897:
1659:
783:
690:
663:
384:
293:
148:
4162:
3976:
3028:), though this is today considered dated, and different grammatical constructions are often used.
679:
9774:
9718:
9713:
9633:
9306:
9256:
8556:
8374:
8130:
8058:
8046:
7411:
6387:
5147:
4046:
3963:
3889:, have very distinct phonetic and grammatical features, such as plural forms of verbs or archaic
3460:("travel (recreationally) by car"). The opposite, making nouns of verbs, is also possible, as in
3032:
2845:
is less definite and means "that fish" in a more abstract sense, such as that set of fish; while
2413:
2395:
2084:
2043:
912:
897:
667:
236:
138:
9896:
9616:
9014:
6261:
5062:
4297:
Finland was a part of Sweden from the 13th century until the loss of the Finnish territories to
4149:
2138:, communities that today have all disappeared. The Swedish-speaking minority was represented in
1916:
1437:
Early Old Swedish was markedly different from the modern language in that it had a more complex
9779:
9261:
9227:
8845:
8661:
8521:
8361:
8256:
7568:
7296:
5184:
4982:
4928:
4800:
4002:
3859:
3729:
2971:
that refer to the subject in a clause, a trait that is restricted to North Germanic languages:
2340:
2246:
1678:
1597:
779:
592:
531:
7900:
6870:
5610:
4955:
4853:
4192:
4110:
4097:
3705:, based on visual similarity, though Swedish domains could be registered using the characters
2016:
837:
ideas that emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the languages have separate
9937:
9901:
9169:
9162:
9114:
8884:
8855:
8824:
8787:
8712:
8469:
8382:
8243:
8205:
7960:
7879:
7758:
7725:
7720:
7594:
6434:
5798:
5589:
5025:
4303:
4205:
4093:
4015:
3943:
female and younger male. The dialect groups are those traditionally used by dialectologists.
3886:
3674:
3317:
2992:
that was placed at the end of the head of a noun phrase. In modern Swedish, it has become an
2657:
2546:
2420:
2326:
2273:
1407:
740:
710:
9402:
8277:
7170:
6773:
5170:"The Contribution of Linguistic Factors to the Intelligibility of Closely Related Languages"
4167:
9906:
9886:
9855:
9728:
9588:
9334:
9152:
8744:
8571:
8533:
8528:
8402:
8349:
8107:
7921:
7831:
7774:
7416:
7360:
7272:
6906:
5701:
4629:
4506:
4179:
4136:
4084:
3989:
3854:
3401:
As with many Germanic languages, new words can be formed by compounding, e. g., nouns like
3273:
2938:
2661:
2641:
2436:
2261:
1901:
1682:
1173:
9562:
5643:(in Swedish). Nordisk forening for leksikografi i samarbeit med Nordisk sprÄksekretariat.
4058:
4033:
536:
8:
9845:
9081:
9035:
8969:
8722:
8369:
8282:
8080:
7641:
7401:
7355:
6774:
5522:
4595:
4501:
3725:
3485:
2786:), depending on its gender and if the noun ends in a vowel or not. The definite articles
2333:
2298:
2250:
2230:
1882:
1639:
489:
9392:
9237:
8484:
5169:
4123:
3910:
standard language, especially not from the late 19th century onwards with the advent of
2052:. However, many organizations and agencies require the use of the council's publication
1892:, but owing to the similarity between the cultures and languages (with the exception of
9891:
9815:
9743:
9733:
9688:
9450:
9377:
9274:
9119:
9094:
9089:
8982:
8810:
8695:
8516:
8294:
8289:
8268:
8229:
8033:
8023:
7446:
7393:
7306:
6986:
6747:
5202:
5073:
4218:
4145:
4071:
3932:
3890:
3786:
3422:
3418:
2915:
2806:
2692:
2688:
2633:
2625:
2597:
2589:
2573:
2349:
2293:
2284:
2269:
1920:
1792:
1737:
1623:
1458:
1438:
1386:
1352:
1343:
1164:
1093:
988:
958:
811:
807:
787:
714:
541:
473:
180:
143:
9045:
6334:
3602:
is sometimes used to indicate that the stress falls on a terminal syllable containing
747:. Swedish is the most widely spoken second language in Finland where its status is co-
376:
9865:
9664:
9580:
9573:
9528:
9472:
9232:
9222:
9205:
9200:
9104:
8866:
8666:
8627:
8607:
8445:
8337:
8319:
8171:
7940:
7563:
7370:
7277:
7122:
7108:
7094:
7081:
7057:
7041:
7031:
7013:
6992:
6971:
6961:
6858:
6848:
6830:
6814:
6804:
6785:
6761:
6751:
6731:
6721:
6703:
6687:
6677:
6661:
6651:
6633:
6615:
6599:
6589:
6585:
6569:
6559:
6536:
6526:
6510:
6500:
6482:
6477:
Andersson, Erik (2002), "Swedish", in König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan (eds.),
6383:
5841:
5031:
4988:
4961:
4934:
4896:
4859:
4806:
4307:
4158:
4106:
3928:
3834:
3438:
3269:
3230:
3056:
3036:
2968:
2653:
2601:
2503:
2406:
2313:
2303:
2181:
2064:(established 1786) is arguably the most influential. Its primary instruments are the
1973:
1749:
1692:
1618:
1613:
1427:
1242:
1194:. The dialects are described as "runic" because the main body of text appears in the
1113:
The approximate extent of Old Norse and related languages in the early 10th century:
842:
833:
and Sweden, including a long series of wars from the 16th to 18th centuries, and the
814:. However, more recent analyses divide the North Germanic languages into two groups:
748:
744:
732:
587:
551:
546:
153:
7887:
7683:
7301:
6827:
Ju: ifrÄgasatta sjÀlvklarheter om svenskan, engelskan och alla andra sprÄk i Sverige
5206:
4696:
The oldest dated fragments are from 1250 and the oldest complete manuscript is from
1870:
1759:
A very significant change in Swedish occurred in the late 1960s, with the so-called
1745:
1741:
1384:
Swedish language. The start date is usually set to 1225 since this is the year that
1326:
1128:
1119:
430:
9820:
9611:
9545:
9501:
9456:
9445:
9437:
9242:
9210:
9157:
9146:
9059:
8768:
8707:
8497:
8479:
8314:
8075:
8067:
7845:
7673:
7327:
7291:
7259:
7244:
7234:
6935:
RAPPLING 1. Rapporter FrÄn Institutionen för Lingvistik Vid Stockholms Universitet.
6882:
5194:
4316:
4229:
3844:
3821:
3694:
3491:
3367:
3238:
3215:
3020:
In formal written language, it used to be considered correct to place the genitive
2849:
means "the fish". In certain cases, the definite form indicates possession, e. g.,
2613:
2289:
2147:
2005:
1982:
1936:
1893:
1889:
1846:
1627:
1577:
1527:
1523:
1497:
1442:
1423:
973:
803:
763:
759:
736:
724:
698:
683:
650:
561:
510:
222:
79:
9657:
7893:
7708:
7688:
6162:"Hur mÄnga dialekter finns det i Sverige? Var gÄr grÀnsen mellan olika dialekter?"
6069:(in Swedish). Institutet för de inhemska sprÄken. 18 February 2016. Archived from
4292:
1337:
873:, could be described as intermediate dialects of the national standard languages.
9850:
9810:
9643:
9550:
9533:
9518:
9513:
9506:
9215:
9124:
9109:
9064:
8916:
8879:
8871:
8850:
8837:
8817:
8803:
8566:
8543:
8474:
8464:
8456:
8236:
7873:
7715:
7507:
7474:
7365:
7311:
7239:
6917:
6299:
5343:
5332:
5251:
5240:
5154:
5092:
5069:
4367:
4343:
4288:
4275:
4119:
3936:
3839:
3371:
3334:
3321:
3313:
3242:
3044:
2567:
2538:
2320:
2308:
2107:
2061:
2049:
1854:
1805:
1796:
1651:
1516:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1462:
1203:
1184:(Denmark and Sweden). The dialects of Old East Norse spoken in Sweden are called
1022:
795:
718:
557:
515:
298:
243:
227:
130:
120:
6958:
Svenska sprÄket under sjuhundra Är: en historia om svenskan och dess utforskande
6772:
Haugen, Einar (2009). "Danish, Norwegian and Swedish". In Bernard Comrie (ed.).
4565:
4042:
3972:
3594:(to use the broader English term usage referenced here) are unusual in Swedish;
3425:, which in Swedish is always the last morpheme. New words can also be coined by
9931:
9825:
9805:
9757:
9649:
9523:
9193:
8960:
8899:
8678:
8635:
8592:
8509:
8504:
8393:
8343:
8194:
8145:
8100:
8093:
7915:
7431:
6614:(in Swedish), Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets historie och antikvitets akademien,
5584:
5548:
5298:
3801:
3337:
words were imported into Sweden around the 18th century. These words have been
3309:
3304:("goose"). A significant part of the religious and scientific vocabulary is of
3086:
2930:
2359:
2265:
2156:
2143:
1997:
1993:
1647:
1593:
1563:
1519:
1415:
1195:
1155:
1009:
945:
884:
494:
280:
274:
211:
195:
185:
3998:
9953:
9881:
9723:
9479:
9430:
9247:
9186:
9099:
9004:
8942:
8889:
8773:
8700:
7735:
7249:
6555:
6547:
6103:
5392:
4539:
3430:
3363:
3261:
3060:
2999:, which attaches to the end of the noun phrase, rather than the noun itself.
2799:
2704:
2696:
2664:
and in most dialects tonal qualities. The language has a comparatively large
2577:
2452:
2365:
2199:
2186:
2161:
1985:(spoken by the majority) at the state level and an official language in some
1908:
1669:
and later into . There was also the gradual softening of and into and the
1609:
1466:
1199:
1186:
7907:
6975:
6862:
6818:
6765:
6735:
6691:
6665:
6603:
6573:
6540:
6514:
6021:
4102:
2798:
are used for variations to the definitiveness of a noun. They can double as
2098:, a dictionary about the differences between Swedish in Finland and Sweden.
862:
9750:
9174:
9138:
9071:
8894:
8717:
8690:
8673:
8617:
8576:
8158:
8137:
7139:
7045:
6147:, pp. 117â119; Lars-Erik Edlund "SprĂ„klig variation i tid och rum" in
5640:
4210:
4197:
3874:
3629:
3625:
3256:
shows similarities to both English and German. Like English, Swedish has a
2949:, for example, has the following nominative, possessive, and object forms:
2645:
2257:
2169:
2160:("Old Swedish Village"). A few elderly people in the village still speak a
1866:
1490:
1391:
1363:
218:
9397:
7703:
7698:
7678:
7119:
Svenska utifrÄn. Schematic grammar-Swedish structures and everyday phrases
7028:
Nordisk paleografi: Handbok med transkriberade och kommenterade skriftprov
5696:
The number of registered Swedes in Zmeyovka (the modern Ukrainian name of
4363:
3955:
3946:
3905:
This type of classification, however, is based on a somewhat romanticized
3732:, with some exceptions: the colon is used for some abbreviations, such as
3640:
is used to refer to unit cost (a loan from the French), equivalent to the
360:
9567:
9540:
9358:
9266:
8948:
8909:
8492:
8187:
8151:
8086:
7779:
7730:
7426:
7161:
7157:
7153:
7149:
5488:
4394:
4248:("High Swedish") is used for the Finnish variant of standard Swedish and
3906:
3721:
3234:
2593:
2585:
2581:
1977:
1862:
1850:
1762:
1674:
1655:
1631:
1601:
1573:
1568:
1512:
1474:
1411:
1395:
1371:
1348:
1319:
1268:
1146:
1137:
924:
838:
834:
702:
190:
9412:
7693:
7107:. Holmes, Philip; Hinchliffe, Ian; (2003). London; New York: Routledge.
7093:. Holmes, Philip; Hinchliffe, Ian; (2000). London; New York: Routledge.
5133:
Mikael Parkvall & Gunvor Flodell, "Sveriges sprÄk ute i vÀrlden" in
4132:
4055:
4007:
3985:
3968:
866:
854:
846:
9407:
9387:
8752:
8422:
8123:
7800:
7599:
7054:
VĂ„ra ord: deras uttal och ursprung : kortfattad etymologisk ordbok
6481:, Routledge language family descriptions, Routledge, pp. 271â312,
5422:
5244:
4544:
4351:
4025:
3959:
3920:
3911:
3805:
3289:
3063:
3052:
2637:
2605:
2446:
2242:
2139:
2135:
1431:
706:
399:
7610:
5198:
4188:
1282:"stone". This is reflected in runic inscriptions where the older read
9593:
9341:
8987:
8904:
8685:
8640:
8612:
8438:
7992:
7784:
7584:
7421:
7267:
6887:
6632:(in Swedish) (8th ed.), Stockholm: Norstedts Akademiska Förlag,
6382:, Institutionen för nordiska sprÄk och Institutionen för lingvistik,
4516:
4359:
4019:
3870:
3591:
3563:
3048:
2863:
2712:
2684:
1912:
1450:
1261:
1104:
935:
694:
369:
353:
335:
317:
9417:
7143:
6414:
6164:(in Swedish). Institutet för sprÄk och folkminnen. 3 February 2017.
4895:(2 ed.). Svenska sprĂ„knĂ€mnden and Norstedts. pp. 210â211.
4089:
3994:
3882:
3697:
and other such domains, Swedish sites are frequently labelled using
3326:
2770:
The definite singular form of a noun is created by adding a suffix (
2612:(except for pronouns that, as in English, also are inflected in the
1688:
1306:"dead". This change is shown in runic inscriptions as a change from
1109:
743:
and rural dialects still exist, the written language is uniform and
9382:
8730:
7374:
7189:
4324:
4201:
4154:
3790:
3495:
2993:
2989:
2649:
2609:
2487:
2216:
1940:
1695:, one of the most influential writers in modern Swedish literature.
1381:
1246:
1238:
850:
601:
442:
4355:
4214:
4115:
4067:
4018:; traditionally considered a dialect, but now often recognized as
3981:
3546:. Though these combinations are historically modified versions of
3222:) as separate conjugations, most of them remaining only as set of
2276:
is often one of the most noticeable differences between dialects.
1969:
1874:
1708:
A sign on the wall of a Swedish hotel, using both the recommended
269:
9423:
9019:
8921:
7789:
7742:
4347:
4332:
4328:
4311:
4175:
4080:
4038:
4029:
4011:
3924:
3916:
3878:
3866:
3849:
3827:
3760:
that can be added to numbers, letters and abbreviations, such as
3641:
3265:
2906:
are similar to those of English. Besides the two natural genders
2903:
2802:
2673:
2195:
2151:
2111:
1962:
1944:
1724:
The period that includes Swedish as it is spoken today is termed
1581:
1454:
1254:
1207:
1172:
In the 8th century, the common Germanic language of Scandinavia,
858:
830:
826:
755:
675:
642:
566:
438:
261:
98:
94:
7012:(in Swedish) (2nd ed.), Stockholm: Liber (published 2002),
6499:, Prisma Magnum (in Swedish) (4th ed.), Stockholm: Prisma,
5254:. U.S. English Foundation (2005). Retrieved on 27 February 2015.
3927:
can be considered to be part of a common, mutually intelligible
3324:, often as slang varieties; a commonly used word from Romani is
3204:
is optional and often omitted, particularly in written Swedish.
8726:
7589:
6871:"Aggregate analysis of vowel pronunciation in Swedish dialects"
5336:
4298:
4171:
3895:
3757:
3375:
3253:
3197:
3097:
2942:
2810:
2629:
2621:
2115:
1900:
quickly and do not stand out as a group. According to the 2000
1842:
1167:
with which Old Norse still retained some mutual intelligibility
870:
728:
671:
265:
108:
90:
4628:(in Swedish). Sverige-Norge Personalförmedling. Archived from
3316:
and, lately, English. Some 1â200 words are also borrowed from
3171:
There exists also an inflected passive voice formed by adding
2652:(endings), complemented with separate definite and indefinite
8644:
7165:
4141:
4128:
3305:
3223:
2665:
2644:
forms and are also inflected according to gender, number and
2592:
is similar to English; that is, words have comparatively few
2119:
2101:
1605:
1419:
5385:
4981:
Bandle, Oskar; Braunmuller, Kurt; Jahr, Ernst Hakon (2005).
2056:
in official contexts, with it otherwise being regarded as a
1362:. It is one of the earliest texts in Swedish written in the
678:. It has at least 10 million native speakers, making it the
6910:
6829:(in Swedish) (2nd ed.), Stockholm: Nordstedts ordbok,
6650:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 140â142,
4954:
Taavitsainen, Irma; Melchers, Gunnel; Pahta, PĂ€ivi (2000).
3618:, "winter lair" vs. "idea") as well as in some names, like
3434:
2680:
1931:
1546:. The first time the new letters were used in print was in
1446:
767:
7347:
7340:
7333:
6350:
3950:
Map showing location of the various modern dialect samples
3667:
and sometimes retained in foreign names and words, e. g.,
3654:
3635:
3597:
3521:
3513:
3505:
3051:), but with most verbs the imperative is identical to the
2229:(pronounced alveolarly) with a dental consonant result in
1704:
1543:
1539:
1535:
441:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
4953:
4320:
2264:
are equal. However, when casually spoken, it tends to be
6379:
Ey, mannen! Wazzup? / PÄ jakt efter "rosengÄrdssvenskan"
5773:
Eriksson, Anders; Abelin, Ă
sa; Lindh, Jonas (May 2005).
3632:
can be seen in names and some foreign words. The letter
3150:
When building the compound passive voice using the verb
2648:. The definiteness of nouns is marked primarily through
2584:(V) appears in the second position (2) of a declarative
2272:, which gives Swedish much of its characteristic sound.
1814:
wound up being used as a slightly less familiar form of
1441:
structure and also retained the original Germanic three-
4358:. These varieties could alternatively be classified as
3873:. Many of the genuine rural dialects, such as those of
790:. In the established classification, it belongs to the
7175:
5044:
4852:
Bandle, Oskar; Elmevik, Lennart; Widmark, Gun (2002).
4232:
is the language used by virtually all Swedes and most
5349:
5177:
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
4980:
4315:
of Finland, though, with the same official status as
4261:
3662:
3562:
according to the English range of usage for the term
3557:
3549:
1511:. The verb system was also more complex: it included
7080:
Viberg, Ă
ke; et al. (1991) Chicago: Passport Books.
7004:
6128:
6091:
5611:"20th anniversary of the Nordic Language Convention"
4851:
2077:, currently in its 14th edition) and the dictionary
7056:(in Swedish) (2nd ed.), Stockholm: Norstedts,
6255:"Do answers to a questionnaire give reliable data?"
6055:. Modern Svensk Engelsk Ordbok. Prisma. p. 57.
5772:
4825:
3374:. Some compounds are translations of the elements (
2711:form). The gender determines the declension of the
1190:, while the dialects of Denmark are referred to as
770:, Norway, with more than 50,000 Swedish residents.
762:speakers is almost extinct. It is also used in the
6454:
6050:
5840:(2nd ed.). Stockholm: Norstedts. p. 73.
5415:
4667:
4665:
4252:refers to Swedish as spoken in Sweden in general.
3606:, especially when the stress changes the meaning (
3378:) of German original compounds into Swedish, like
3096:("had") is followed by a special form, called the
3016:; "the horse in the flowering meadow's black mane"
1841:Swedish is the sole official national language of
1329:where the diphthongs still exist in remote areas.
6104:"Domain names with characters like Ä, À, ö (IDN)"
5739:
2841:means "that fish" and refers to a specific fish;
1503:, in contrast with the neuter gender equivalents
1461:were inflected in four cases; besides the extant
1198:. Unlike Proto-Norse, which was written with the
9951:
7166:SprĂ„krĂ„det â Institute for Language and Folklore
6847:(in Swedish), Uppsala: Hallgren & Fallgren,
5086:Main outlines of Finnish History â thisisFINLAND
5023:
4834:(in Swedish). Svenska institutet. Archived from
4718:
4323:, provides two Swedish-language radio stations,
1992:Swedish is one of the official languages of the
7105:Swedish: A Comprehensive Grammar Second Edition
6991:(in Swedish) (3rd ed.), Stockholm: Liber,
6351:"Svenska Yle, scroll to the bottom of the page"
5990:
5988:
5076:(29 March 2007). Retrieved on 27 November 2007.
4774:Lars-Erik Edlund, "SprÄkhistorisk översikt" in
4761:Lars-Erik Edlund, "SprÄkhistorisk översikt" in
4724:Lars-Erik Edlund, "SprÄkhistorisk översikt" in
4711:Lars-Erik Edlund, "SprÄkhistorisk översikt" in
4671:Lars-Erik Edlund, "SprÄkhistorisk översikt" in
4662:
3826:According to a traditional division of Swedish
2213:There are 18 consonant phonemes, two of which,
2092:Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
1426:power in the late 13th and early 14th century,
1341:The initial page of the first complete copy of
7140:Swadesh list of Swedish basic vocabulary words
6051:Gomer, Eva; Morris-Nygren, Mona, eds. (1976).
4453:Vad var det för ord â var det lĂ„ngt eller kort
4417:"You have lost your word and your paper note,
3260:basic word order, but like German it utilizes
2984:; "Anna gave Maria her book." (not reflexive)
2875:) to the common form of the adjective, e. g.,
2190:The vowel phonemes of Central Standard Swedish
8008:
7816:
7626:
7205:
6610:Dahl, Ăsten; Edlund, Lars-Erik, eds. (2010),
6331:"Finlands grundlag â Constitution of Finland"
5935:
5296:
4588:
3773:
3767:
3761:
3751:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3668:
3619:
3613:
3607:
3571:
3470:
3462:
3454:
3446:
3411:
3403:
3380:
2087:element, they mainly describe current usage.
1828:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1760:
1731:
1725:
1715:
1709:
1481:. The gender system resembled that of modern
619:
66:
5985:
5665:
5056:
4819:
4479:Think twice now â before we shove you away,
4244:("Standard Swedish") in Sweden. In Finland,
3898:and are referred to by Swedish linguists as
3570:. Before the release of the 13th edition of
3417:("to eavesdrop"). Compound nouns take their
3388:
2194:Swedish dialects have either 17 or 18 vowel
2041:
1888:There is considerable migration between the
1799:
1681:was also transformed into the corresponding
1180:(Norway, the Faroe Islands and Iceland) and
4437:So you sit on the porch of the grocer anew
4279:were provided as alternatives in the poll.
3526:constructed in the 16th century by writing
2668:inventory. Swedish is also notable for the
2268:. Any stressed syllable carries one of two
2260:language, where the time intervals between
1877:county is an autonomous region of Finland.
1550:("By the Devil's temptation") published by
15:
8015:
8001:
7823:
7809:
7633:
7619:
7212:
7198:
6981:
6955:
6609:
6214:
6190:
6148:
5638:
5489:"Swedish becomes official 'main language'"
5134:
4960:. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 302.
4878:
4787:
4775:
4762:
4749:
4737:
4725:
4712:
4672:
4596:"Nordic Languages: What's The Difference?"
4412:Du har tappat ditt ord och din papperslapp
3429:from other established words, such as the
2978:; "Anna gave Maria her book." (reflexive)
2967:Swedish also uses third-person possessive
2150:speakers were forced to march to southern
2106:From the 13th to 20th century, there were
2102:Language minorities in Estonia and Ukraine
1996:, and one of the working languages of the
1965:, and entered into effect on 1 July 2009.
1836:
1612:was published in 1526, followed by a full
626:
612:
398:
16:
7436:
6886:
6824:
6741:
6671:
6645:
6612:Sveriges nationalatlas. SprÄken i Sverige
6476:
6186:
5946:. Lysator Society, Linköping University.
5879:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5871:
5869:
5860:
5749:
5745:
5733:
5188:
4933:. Walter de Gruyter. 2006. p. 1751.
4915:
4805:. Walter de Gruyter. 2005. p. 1900.
4649:
4647:
4458:What word was it â was it long or short,
3830:, there are six main groups of dialects:
3039:. One group of verbs (the ones ending in
3014:hÀsten pÄ den blommande Àngens svarta man
2914:("he" and "she"), there are also the two
2237:is a precondition for this retroflexion.
1968:Swedish is the sole official language of
1873:, Swedish is the sole official language.
1861:is concentrated in the coastal areas and
1202:alphabet, Old Norse was written with the
7830:
7025:
6928:"Sveriges sprÄk. Vem talar vad och var?"
6925:
6868:
6842:
6520:
6400:
6292:
6140:
5941:
5930:
5835:
5588:(in Swedish), 2 May 2007, archived from
5167:
5050:
5024:Holmes, Philip; Hinchliffe, Ian (2008).
4890:
4474:TĂ€nk efter nu â förr'n vi föser dig bort
4370:. A survey made by the Swedish linguist
3945:
3915:the highly diverging forms of speech in
3865:The traditional definition of a Swedish
3785:
2185:
2146:in the early 18th century, around 1,000
2015:
1930:
1703:
1687:
1600:. After assuming power, the new monarch
1567:
1336:
1108:
24:This is an accepted version of this page
7640:
7030:(in Swedish), Lund: Studentlitteratur,
6960:(in Swedish), Lund: Studentlitteratur,
6798:
6720:(in Swedish), Lund: Studentlitteratur,
6676:(in Swedish), Lund: Studentlitteratur,
6546:
6494:
6230:(in Swedish). Nationalencyklopedin AB.
5918:
5906:
5894:
5549:"VĂ€rna sprĂ„ken â förslag till sprĂ„klag"
4684:
4653:
3252:As Swedish is a Germanic language, the
3081:; "a stinking fish" (stinka = to stink)
2823:den/det hÀr (can also be "denna/detta")
2670:voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative
2572:The standard word order is, as in most
2134:, respectively) along the coast of the
2108:Swedish-speaking communities in Estonia
1845:, and one of two in Finland (alongside
1699:
1522:and verbs were conjugated according to
435:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
9952:
8022:
7982:Institute for the Languages of Finland
7518:Institute for the Languages of Finland
7121:Byrman, Gunilla; Holm, Britta; (1998)
7051:
6771:
6715:
6697:
6460:
5968:
5883:
5866:
5824:
5760:
5486:
4644:
3409:("nail polish remover") or verbs like
2233:; alveolarity of the pronunciation of
2110:, particularly on the islands (e. g.,
682:, and the first among its type in the
304:Institute for the Languages of Finland
9686:
9300:
8044:
7996:
7804:
7614:
7193:
6627:
6260:. Helsinki University. Archived from
5950:from the original on 19 December 2017
5678:from the original on 16 February 2016
5668:"Normeringen i Finlandssvensk ordbok"
5621:from the original on 27 February 2007
5530:from the original on 17 November 2015
5518:"Svenskan blir inte officiellt sprÄk"
5499:from the original on 10 December 2013
5308:from the original on 21 November 2018
5292:"Krisberedskap pÄ svenska ambassaden"
4535:
4533:
4531:
4433:SÄ sitter du Äter pÄ handlar'ns trapp
4338:
3066:as adjectival verbs are very common:
2719:("fish") is a noun of common gender (
1720:for the word "them" on the same sign.
1604:ordered a Swedish translation of the
1214:, which was also used for the vowels
758:, although the current status of the
649:
78:
7219:
6944:from the original on 11 October 2017
6803:(in Swedish), Stockholm: Norstedts,
6579:
6412:
6252:
6202:
6144:
5273:from the original on 7 February 2009
4606:from the original on 3 February 2023
4319:. The country's public broadcaster,
3264:in main clauses, for instance after
3211:; "I see that he has fried the fish"
2723:) and can have the following forms:
2249:; consequently, these dialects lack
2090:In Finland, a special branch of the
2011:
1616:in 1541, usually referred to as the
754:Swedish was long spoken in parts of
680:fourth most spoken Germanic language
8577:Plautdietsch / Mennonite Low German
6646:Engstrand, Olle (1999), "Swedish",
5469:from the original on 19 August 2010
4987:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 1805.
4576:from the original on 16 August 2021
4255:In a poll conducted in 2005 by the
4224:
3582:was treated as merely a variant of
3024:after the head of the noun phrase (
2245:or "French R" pronunciation in the
118:Native: 10 million (2012â2021)
48:
9936:Languages between parentheses are
9301:
7071:
6702:(in Swedish), Stockholm: Bonnier,
6552:The Penguin dictionary of language
6002:from the original on 7 August 2020
5785:from the original on 23 March 2020
5373:from the original on 29 March 2023
5216:from the original on 11 April 2019
5158:, Special Eurobarometer 386, 2012.
5106:"Svensk- och tvÄsprÄkiga kommuner"
4858:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 517.
4528:
4282:
3931:. This continuum may also include
3502:plus the three additional letters
3468:("way of thinking; concept") from
3209:Jag ser att han (har) stekt fisken
2600:and is generally seen to have two
1926:
1748:and radical writer and playwright
49:
10016:
7250:Ukrainian Swedish (Gammalsvenska)
7133:
6895:from the original on 27 June 2013
6421:from the original on 7 March 2023
6375:
6357:from the original on 26 July 2016
6234:from the original on 3 March 2018
6168:from the original on 3 March 2018
6110:from the original on 3 March 2018
6032:from the original on 3 March 2018
5647:from the original on 3 March 2018
5116:from the original on 19 June 2016
3772:("the CD"), or the genitive form
3479:
3074:; "a fried fish" (steka = to fry)
2545:
2525:
2516:
2509:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2435:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2394:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2348:
2339:
2332:
2325:
1557:
1210:, such as the rune for the vowel
773:
6780:. New York: Routledge. pp.
6525:(in Swedish), Stockholm: Liber,
6415:"Multilingual urban Scandinavia"
6293:Aronsson, Cecilia (3 May 2005),
5666:af HÀllström, Charlotta (2002).
5617:(in Swedish), 22 February 2007,
5561:from the original on 15 May 2009
5433:from the original on 3 July 2023
5403:from the original on 3 July 2023
5030:. Psychology Press. p. 86.
4626:"Var tionde Oslobo Àr nu svensk"
4550:
3756:("Saint"), and for all types of
3043:in present tense) has a special
2154:, where they founded a village,
1592:) begins with the advent of the
6628:Elert, Claes-Christian (2000),
6497:Kortfattad svensk sprÄkhistoria
6406:
6394:
6369:
6343:
6323:
6286:
6246:
6220:
6208:
6196:
6180:
6154:
6134:
6122:
6096:
6085:
6059:
6044:
6014:
5996:"Minor Grammar English-Swedish"
5973:
5962:
5924:
5912:
5900:
5888:
5854:
5829:
5818:
5766:
5754:
5727:
5711:
5700:) in 1994 was 116 according to
5690:
5672:LexicoNordica 9, 2002, S. 51â62
5659:
5632:
5603:
5572:
5541:
5526:(in Swedish), 7 December 2005,
5510:
5480:
5445:
5346:. Retrieved on 27 January 2011.
5319:
5284:
5257:
5227:
5161:
5140:
5127:
5098:
5079:
5017:
5001:
4974:
4947:
4921:
4909:
4884:
4872:
4845:
4830:[The Swedish language]
4793:
4781:
4768:
4755:
4743:
4731:
4572:(in Swedish). 7 December 2018.
4566:"Svenska talas ocksÄ i Finland"
4489:you barefooted child in life."
4468:was it well or poorly written?
4464:var det vÀl eller illa skrivet?
3154:, the past participle is used:
1318:diphthong changed into a long,
9940:of the language on their left.
6281:) in the broadcasted programs?
5942:Stensson, Leif (August 2013).
4957:Writing in Nonstandard English
4705:
4690:
4678:
4618:
4558:
4427:you barefooted child in life.
3793:for the pronunciation of "R" (
3229:Where other languages may use
2672:, a highly variable consonant
2210:⟩ in the chart below).
1398:. Old Swedish is divided into
1332:
735:that evolved from the Central
13:
1:
10000:Subjectâverbâobject languages
9831:Germanic substrate hypothesis
9687:
7966:Finland-Swedish Sign Language
7666:Recognized minority languages
7559:Swedish as a foreign language
7091:Swedish: An Essential Grammar
7078:Swedish Essentials of Grammar
6843:Kotsinas, Ulla-Britt (1994),
6469:
5557:(in Swedish), 18 March 2008,
5487:Landes, David (1 July 2009),
5266:2006 Census: Highlight tables
5148:Europeans and their languages
5112:(in Swedish), February 2007,
5027:Swedish: An Essential Grammar
4697:
4512:Swedish as a foreign language
3794:
3673:("muesli/granola"). A proper
3283:
1356:
1290:. There was also a change of
818:(Faroese and Icelandic), and
697:, the common language of the
668:Indo-European language family
583:Swedish as a foreign language
9861:Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
8552:Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
6956:Pettersson, Gertrud (1996),
6801:Svenska Akademiens sprÄklÀra
6523:Funktionell svensk grammatik
5554:Government Offices of Sweden
5168:Gooskens, Charlotte (2007),
4826:GrĂŒnbaun, Katharina (2012).
3730:similar manner as in English
3312:origin, often borrowed from
3237:, similar to those found in
2827:de hÀr (can also be "dessa")
2175:
1422:loanwords. With the rise of
1098:
7:
9980:East Scandinavian languages
9841:High German consonant shift
7542:Svenska Akademiens ordlista
7460:Reformation and Renaissance
6776:The World's Major Languages
6582:SprÄkets enhet och mÄngfald
5639:Gellerstam, Martin (2002).
5462:(in Swedish), 1 July 2009,
5245:Many Languages, One America
4891:Svanlund, Jan, ed. (2013).
4495:
4399:
4262:Handelns Utredningsinstitut
3781:
3659:is treated as a variant of
3574:Svenska Akademiens ordlista
3268:and adverbial phrases, and
2941:form, derived from the old
2642:comparative and superlative
2070:Svenska Akademiens ordlista
1380:) is the term used for the
800:West Scandinavian languages
792:East Scandinavian languages
10:
10021:
8379:WestlauwersâTerschellings
8032:According to contemporary
6869:Leinonen, Therese (2011),
6742:Granberry, Julian (1991),
5944:"Swedish Grammar | Syntax"
4406:Free, prosaic translation
4286:
3819:
3804:north of the boundary and
3483:
3405:nagellackborttagningsmedel
2982:Anna gav Maria hennes bok.
2565:
2561:
2179:
2002:Nordic Language Convention
1869:, 16 of which are located
1795:pronoun)âanalogous to the
1576:'s Bible from 1541, using
1561:
1369:
1102:
1091:
1087:
670:, spoken predominantly in
556:Eastern Swedish dialects:
9923:
9874:
9798:
9767:
9699:
9695:
9682:
9631:
9604:
9558:Southern Schleswig Danish
9489:
9370:
9326:
9317:
9313:
9296:
9137:
9080:
8968:
8959:
8864:
8836:
8795:
8786:
8761:
8743:
8654:
8626:
8600:
8591:
8542:
8455:
8430:
8421:
8360:
8255:
8204:
8179:
8170:
8066:
8057:
8053:
8040:
8030:
7974:
7953:
7933:
7866:
7859:
7838:
7767:
7751:
7664:
7648:
7577:
7551:
7535:Svenska Akademiens ordbok
7526:
7500:
7445:
7392:
7320:
7258:
7227:
7181:Svenska Akademiens ordbok
6926:Parkvall, Mikael (2009),
6744:Essential Swedish Grammar
6630:AllmÀn och svensk fonetik
6129:Svenska sprÄknÀmnden 2000
6092:Svenska sprÄknÀmnden 2000
4382:
3695:top-level Internet domain
3047:form (generally the verb
2895:("the green house"), and
2807:demonstrative determiners
2537:
2445:
2358:
2319:
2281:
2168:Sweden before the end of
2080:Svenska Akademiens Ordbok
2042:
2024:, which formerly housed "
1896:), expatriates generally
1588:Modern Swedish (Swedish:
1548:Aff dyÀffwlsens frÀstilse
1414:orders, introducing many
1035:
1020:
1013:
986:
971:
956:
949:
939:
929:
910:
895:
888:
798:, separating it from the
421:
397:
383:
367:
351:
333:
315:
310:
287:
257:Official language in
255:
250:
233:
208:
173:
127:
114:
104:
86:
74:
65:
60:
9985:North Germanic languages
9836:West Germanic gemination
9790:Ancient Belgian language
9785:Germanic parent language
9729:Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)
8851:Austrian Standard German
8045:
7513:Swedish Language Council
7407:Germanic parent language
6875:Oslo Studies in Language
6825:Josephson, Olle (2005),
6799:Hultman, Tor G. (2003),
6672:Engstrand, Olle (2004),
6554:(2nd ed.), London:
6521:Bolander, Maria (2002),
6295:"NorrlÀndska lÄter bÀst"
5779:University of Gothenburg
5331:18 February 2011 at the
4522:
4443:och grÄter sÄ övergivet.
4366:in Malmö), a variant of
4331:, as well a TV channel,
4257:Swedish Retail Institute
3500:ISO basic Latin alphabet
3233:, Swedish uses numerous
2837:("those"). For example,
2715:. For example, the word
2034:Swedish Language Council
1939:/Swedish street sign in
1010:Old East Norse
946:Old West Norse
820:Continental Scandinavian
689:Swedish, like the other
413:
406:
294:Swedish Language Council
31:latest accepted revision
7412:Proto-Germanic language
7052:Wessén, Elias (1998) ,
7026:Svensson, Lars (1974),
6495:Bergman, Gösta (1984),
6413:Svendsen, Bente Ailin.
5397:College of Liberal Arts
4485:du barfotabarn i livet.
4423:du barfotabarn i livet.
3249:("on foot", genitive).
2988:Swedish used to have a
2976:Anna gav Maria sin bok.
2580:, which means that the
2122:; in Swedish, known as
1837:Geographic distribution
1779:("Mrs." or "Ma'am") or
1394:and the oldest Swedish
913:West Germanic languages
898:East Germanic languages
664:North Germanic language
454:Part of a series on the
391:to -cw 52-AAA-ck to -cw
53:North Germanic language
9995:Stress-timed languages
9897:Preterite-present verb
9780:Proto-Germanic grammar
9734:North Sea (Ingvaeonic)
8846:German Standard German
8522:East Frisian Low Saxon
7569:Swedish for immigrants
6716:Garlén, Claes (1988),
6698:Ferlin, Nils (1976) ,
6479:The Germanic Languages
6442:Cite journal requires
6149:Dahl & Edlund 2010
6067:"SprÄket lever | tÀnk"
5981:svenska: sprÄkhistoria
5979:Nationalencyklopedin,
5897:, pp. 70, 212â213
5836:Svanlund, Jan (2005).
5806:Cite journal requires
5641:"Norm och bruk i SAOL"
5297:
5153:6 January 2016 at the
5135:Dahl & Edlund 2010
5007:Nationalencyklopedin,
4776:Dahl & Edlund 2010
4763:Dahl & Edlund 2010
4726:Dahl & Edlund 2010
4713:Dahl & Edlund 2010
4673:Dahl & Edlund 2010
4447:and cry so abandoned.
4234:Swedish-speaking Finns
3951:
3860:South Swedish dialects
3817:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3734:
3669:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3572:
3498:, using the 26-letter
3471:
3463:
3455:
3447:
3412:
3404:
3394:("cotton"; literally,
3389:
3381:
3262:verb-second word order
3186:; "it's being painted"
3179:in the present tense:
3175:, replacing the final
3161:; "it's being painted"
2899:("the green chairs").
2247:South Swedish dialects
2191:
2029:
1947:
1829:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1800:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1761:
1732:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1710:
1696:
1585:
1465:, there were also the
1376:Old Swedish (Swedish:
1367:
1169:
1129:Old East Norse dialect
1120:Old West Norse dialect
780:Indo-European language
646:
593:Swedish for immigrants
532:South Swedish dialects
423:This article contains
67:
10005:Verb-second languages
9902:Grammatischer Wechsel
8885:Namibian Black German
8856:Swiss Standard German
8825:Early New High German
8383:Mainland West Frisian
8244:Harlingerland Frisian
7961:Finnish Sign Language
7759:Swedish Sign Language
7595:Swedish Sign Language
7144:Swadesh-list appendix
5091:26 April 2015 at the
4022:, a separate language
3949:
3923:and, to some extent,
3789:
3624:; occasionally other
3437:by the adding of the
3274:Prepositional phrases
3224:idiomatic expressions
3138:, "written" â supine
3108:, "painted" â supine
2929:. In recent years, a
2891:("the green chair"),
2883:(a green house), and
2206:(transcribed ⟨
2189:
2096:Finlandssvensk ordbok
2019:
1934:
1707:
1691:
1571:
1340:
1112:
711:mutually intelligible
693:, is a descendant of
9990:Scandinavian culture
9970:Languages of Estonia
9965:Languages of Finland
9907:Indo-European ablaut
9887:Germanic strong verb
9856:Germanic spirant law
8993:Southeast Limburgish
8489:Gelders-Overijssels
8118:Irish Middle English
8108:Early Modern English
7832:Languages of Finland
7437:Contemporary Swedish
7006:Svenska sprÄknÀmnden
6916:1 April 2014 at the
6907:Nationalencyklopedin
6584:(in Swedish), Lund:
6580:Dahl, Ăsten (2000),
5838:SprÄkriktighetsboken
5748:, pp. 271â312;
5718:Nationalencyklopedin
5702:Nationalencyklopedin
5342:16 June 2013 at the
5239:4 March 2016 at the
5068:11 June 2020 at the
5063:Population structure
4984:The Nordic Languages
4893:SprÄkriktighetsboken
4855:The Nordic Languages
4802:The Nordic Languages
4507:Languages of Finland
3134:Perfect participle:
3119:Perfect participle:
3104:Perfect participle:
3077:Present participle:
3070:Perfect participle:
2851:jag mÄste tvÀtta hÄr
2251:retroflex consonants
2231:retroflex consonants
1902:United States Census
1793:second person plural
1700:Contemporary Swedish
816:Insular Scandinavian
651:[ËsvÉÌnËska]
80:[ËsvÉÌnËska]
9975:Languages of Sweden
9875:Synchronic features
9846:Germanic a-mutation
9799:Diachronic features
9149:in the broad sense
9082:East Central German
9036:Lorraine Franconian
9010:Transylvanian Saxon
8970:West Central German
8745:East Low Franconian
8655:West Low Franconian
7642:Languages of Sweden
7402:Proto-Indo-European
7171:People's dictionary
7142:(from Wiktionary's
7010:Svenska skrivregler
6988:Svenska skrivregler
5523:Sveriges Television
5250:25 May 2009 at the
4841:on 25 October 2012.
4502:Languages of Sweden
4372:Ulla-Britt Kotsinas
3486:Swedish orthography
3258:subjectâverbâobject
3123:, "fried" â supine
2916:grammatical genders
2626:grammatical numbers
2066:spelling dictionary
2054:Svenska skrivregler
1976:province under the
1883:European Commission
1714:and the colloquial
1640:Swedish orthography
1226:, and the rune for
1138:Old Gutnish dialect
21:Page version status
9892:Germanic weak verb
9701:Language subgroups
9051:Pennsylvania Dutch
9000:Moselle Franconian
8978:Central Franconian
8811:Middle High German
8562:Central Pomeranian
8517:Northern Low Saxon
8230:Wangerooge Frisian
8024:Germanic languages
7860:Minority languages
7839:Official languages
7164:Dictionaries from
6748:Dover Publications
6718:Svenskans fonologi
6674:Fonetikens grunder
6337:on 9 October 2017.
6307:on 13 October 2007
6267:on 2 November 2004
6205:, pp. 117â119
6131:, pp. 154â156
5921:, pp. 182â183
5074:Statistics Finland
4740:, pp. 150â157
4632:on 11 October 2018
4339:Immigrant variants
3952:
3818:
3691:⟨oe⟩
3687:⟨ae⟩
3358:, "armchair") and
3333:A large number of
3192:; "it was painted"
3167:; "it was painted"
3142:, present perfect
3127:, present perfect
3112:, present perfect
2969:reflexive pronouns
2821:("there") to form
2624:. Swedish has two
2596:. Swedish has two
2590:Swedish morphology
2574:Germanic languages
2262:stressed syllables
2192:
2044:Académie française
2030:
2004:, citizens of the
1948:
1773:("Mr." or "Sir"),
1738:Swedish literature
1722:
1697:
1586:
1368:
1170:
1165:Germanic languages
1094:History of Swedish
788:Germanic languages
766:, most notably in
542:Stockholm dialects
27:
9947:
9946:
9932:extinct languages
9919:
9918:
9915:
9914:
9866:Great Vowel Shift
9678:
9677:
9674:
9673:
9627:
9626:
9473:Greenlandic Norse
9292:
9291:
9288:
9287:
9284:
9283:
9223:Southern Bavarian
9206:Northern Bavarian
9182:Highest Alemannic
9133:
9132:
8867:standard variants
8782:
8781:
8628:Standard variants
8587:
8586:
8446:Middle Low German
8417:
8416:
8413:
8412:
8217:Saterland Frisian
7990:
7989:
7949:
7948:
7798:
7797:
7649:Official language
7608:
7607:
7564:Mandatory Swedish
7228:National variants
7063:978-91-7227-053-4
7037:978-91-44-05391-2
7019:978-91-47-04974-5
6998:978-91-47-08460-9
6967:978-91-44-48221-7
6854:978-91-7382-718-8
6836:978-91-7227-446-4
6791:978-0-415-35339-7
6757:978-0-486-26953-5
6727:978-91-44-28151-3
6709:978-91-0-024187-2
6683:978-91-44-04238-1
6657:978-0-521-63751-0
6639:978-91-1-300939-1
6621:978-91-87-76057-0
6595:978-91-44-01158-5
6586:Studentlitteratur
6565:978-0-14-051416-2
6532:978-91-47-05054-3
6506:978-91-518-1747-7
6488:978-0-415-28079-2
6384:Lunds universitet
6253:Mattfolk, Leila.
5847:978-91-1-304370-8
5199:10.2167/jmmd511.0
5037:978-0-415-45800-9
4994:978-3-11-017149-5
4967:978-90-272-9903-1
4940:978-3-11-019987-1
4902:978-91-1-304370-8
4865:978-3-11-014876-3
4828:"Svenska sprÄket"
4812:978-3-11-019706-8
4728:, pp. 29, 31
4602:. 25 March 2019.
4548:(25th ed., 2022)
4493:
4492:
4308:Southwest Finland
4302:coastal areas of
4107:Southwest Finland
3929:dialect continuum
3855:Götaland dialects
3845:Svealand dialects
3835:Norrland dialects
3715:⟨ö⟩
3711:⟨Ă€⟩
3707:⟨Ă„⟩
3703:⟨o⟩
3699:⟨a⟩
3683:⟨ö⟩
3679:⟨Ă€⟩
3646:⟨@⟩
3628:and, less often,
3604:⟨e⟩
3588:⟨v⟩
3584:⟨v⟩
3580:⟨w⟩
3568:⟨z⟩
3544:⟨o⟩
3540:⟨e⟩
3536:⟨a⟩
3532:⟨e⟩
3528:⟨o⟩
3278:placeâmannerâtime
3270:dependent clauses
3231:grammatical cases
3196:In a subordinate
3079:en stinkande fisk
2927:common and neuter
2925:, usually termed
2897:de gröna stolarna
2879:(a green chair),
2768:
2767:
2620:, then seen as a
2602:grammatical cases
2559:
2558:
2182:Swedish phonology
2012:Regulatory bodies
1859:speaking minority
1750:August Strindberg
1744:, Nobel laureate
1693:August Strindberg
1626:and the brothers
1624:Laurentius AndreĂŠ
1619:Gustav Vasa Bible
1614:Bible translation
1596:and the European
1428:Middle Low German
1404:yngre fornsvenska
1400:Ă€ldre fornsvenska
1298:into a long open
1253:and northwestern
1084:
1083:
1075:
1074:
1066:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1048:
1047:
999:
998:
843:dialect continuum
782:belonging to the
749:official language
733:national language
727:, spoken by most
636:
635:
588:Mandatory Swedish
552:Norrland dialects
547:Svealand dialects
537:Götaland dialects
490:European language
449:
448:
431:rendering support
427:phonetic symbols.
289:Regulated by
154:East Scandinavian
39:12 September 2024
18:
10012:
9960:Swedish language
9724:Elbe (Irminonic)
9697:
9696:
9684:
9683:
9612:Mainland Gutnish
9502:Swedish dialects
9464:Middle Icelandic
9438:Middle Norwegian
9327:Historical forms
9324:
9323:
9315:
9314:
9298:
9297:
9257:South Franconian
9243:Hutterite German
9211:Central Bavarian
9031:Rhine Franconian
8966:
8965:
8796:Historical forms
8793:
8792:
8708:Surinamese Dutch
8601:Historical forms
8598:
8597:
8431:Historical forms
8428:
8427:
8180:Historical forms
8177:
8176:
8064:
8063:
8055:
8054:
8042:
8041:
8017:
8010:
8003:
7994:
7993:
7924:
7910:
7903:
7896:
7882:
7864:
7863:
7825:
7818:
7811:
7802:
7801:
7635:
7628:
7621:
7612:
7611:
7384:Dialect Alphabet
7283:Ăstsvenska mĂ„l:
7245:Estonian Swedish
7235:Standard Swedish
7221:Swedish language
7214:
7207:
7200:
7191:
7190:
7186:
7066:
7048:
7022:
7001:
6978:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6943:
6932:
6922:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6890:
6888:10.5617/osla.101
6865:
6839:
6821:
6795:
6779:
6768:
6738:
6712:
6694:
6668:
6642:
6624:
6606:
6576:
6543:
6517:
6491:
6464:
6458:
6452:
6451:
6445:
6440:
6438:
6430:
6428:
6426:
6410:
6404:
6398:
6392:
6391:
6386:, archived from
6373:
6367:
6366:
6364:
6362:
6347:
6341:
6338:
6333:. Archived from
6327:
6321:
6320:
6314:
6312:
6303:, archived from
6290:
6284:
6283:
6274:
6272:
6266:
6259:
6250:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6239:
6224:
6218:
6212:
6206:
6200:
6194:
6184:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6173:
6158:
6152:
6138:
6132:
6126:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6115:
6100:
6094:
6089:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6078:
6063:
6057:
6056:
6048:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6037:
6018:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6007:
5992:
5983:
5977:
5971:
5966:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5955:
5939:
5933:
5928:
5922:
5916:
5910:
5904:
5898:
5892:
5886:
5881:
5864:
5863:, pp. 18â19
5858:
5852:
5851:
5833:
5827:
5822:
5816:
5815:
5809:
5804:
5802:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5770:
5764:
5763:, pp. 73â74
5758:
5752:
5743:
5737:
5731:
5725:
5722:estlandssvenskar
5715:
5709:
5694:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5683:
5663:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5652:
5636:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5592:on 18 April 2007
5576:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5545:
5539:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5514:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5484:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5468:
5457:
5449:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5419:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5372:
5361:
5353:
5347:
5337:Studyinsweden.se
5323:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5304:, 22 July 2005,
5302:
5288:
5282:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5269:, 2.statcan.ca,
5261:
5255:
5231:
5225:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5215:
5192:
5174:
5165:
5159:
5144:
5138:
5131:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5102:
5096:
5083:
5077:
5060:
5054:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5021:
5015:
5005:
4999:
4998:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4930:Sociolinguistics
4925:
4919:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4888:
4882:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4833:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4797:
4791:
4785:
4779:
4772:
4766:
4759:
4753:
4747:
4741:
4735:
4729:
4722:
4716:
4715:, pp. 28â29
4709:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4694:
4688:
4687:, pp. 21â23
4682:
4676:
4675:, pp. 26â31
4669:
4660:
4651:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4622:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4562:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4537:
4400:
4230:Standard Swedish
4225:Standard Swedish
3850:Gotland dialects
3822:Swedish dialects
3815:
3799:
3796:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3755:
3749:
3743:
3737:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3672:
3666:
3658:
3647:
3639:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3601:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3569:
3561:
3553:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3517:
3509:
3492:Swedish alphabet
3474:
3466:
3458:
3450:
3415:
3407:
3392:
3384:
3368:Hanseatic league
3276:are placed in a
3216:Subjunctive mood
3200:, the auxiliary
3146:; "have written"
3116:; "have painted"
3006:; "the horse" â
2889:den gröna stolen
2739:Indefinite form
2726:
2725:
2687:are declined in
2549:
2529:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2439:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2398:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2352:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2279:
2278:
2240:
2236:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2209:
2205:
2148:Estonian Swedish
2047:
2046:
2022:Estonian islands
2006:Nordic countries
1890:Nordic countries
1832:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1803:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1735:
1729:
1719:
1713:
1498:definite article
1408:Christian church
1402:(1225â1375) and
1361:
1358:
1314:. Moreover, the
1245:in the south to
1230:, also used for
1162:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1126:
1117:
1016:
1015:
952:
951:
942:
941:
932:
931:
891:
890:
881:
880:
802:, consisting of
794:, together with
764:Swedish diaspora
760:Estonian Swedish
737:Swedish dialects
725:Standard Swedish
709:. It is largely
699:Germanic peoples
691:Nordic languages
684:Nordic countries
661:
660:
659:
653:
628:
621:
614:
599:Higher category:
562:Estonian Swedish
511:Standard Swedish
460:Swedish language
451:
450:
416:
414:
409:
407:
402:
393:
379:
363:
356:
347:
346:
338:
329:
328:
320:
239:
223:Swedish alphabet
214:
133:
82:
70:
58:
57:
10020:
10019:
10015:
10014:
10013:
10011:
10010:
10009:
9950:
9949:
9948:
9943:
9911:
9870:
9851:Germanic umlaut
9816:Holtzmann's law
9794:
9763:
9691:
9670:
9623:
9600:
9534:South Jutlandic
9519:Danish dialects
9485:
9366:
9309:
9280:
9262:East Franconian
9216:Viennese German
9129:
9110:Silesian German
9076:
9065:Central Hessian
8955:
8880:Namibian German
8869:
8860:
8838:Standard German
8832:
8818:New High German
8804:Old High German
8778:
8757:
8739:
8650:
8622:
8583:
8567:East Pomeranian
8557:Brandenburgisch
8544:East Low German
8538:
8465:Dutch Low Saxon
8457:West Low German
8451:
8409:
8375:Schiermonnikoog
8356:
8251:
8237:Wursten Frisian
8200:
8166:
8049:
8036:
8026:
8021:
7991:
7986:
7970:
7945:
7929:
7920:
7906:
7899:
7892:
7878:
7855:
7834:
7829:
7799:
7794:
7768:Other languages
7763:
7747:
7736:Balkan dialects
7660:
7644:
7639:
7609:
7604:
7573:
7547:
7522:
7508:Swedish Academy
7496:
7441:
7388:
7316:
7278:NorrlÀndska mÄl
7254:
7240:Finland Swedish
7223:
7218:
7184:
7162:Swedish-Spanish
7158:Swedish-Russian
7150:Swedish-English
7136:
7074:
7072:Further reading
7069:
7064:
7038:
7020:
6999:
6968:
6947:
6945:
6941:
6930:
6920:
6918:Wayback Machine
6898:
6896:
6855:
6837:
6811:
6792:
6758:
6728:
6710:
6684:
6658:
6640:
6622:
6596:
6566:
6533:
6507:
6489:
6472:
6467:
6459:
6455:
6443:
6441:
6432:
6431:
6424:
6422:
6411:
6407:
6399:
6395:
6374:
6370:
6360:
6358:
6349:
6348:
6344:
6329:
6328:
6324:
6310:
6308:
6300:Dagens Industri
6291:
6287:
6270:
6268:
6264:
6257:
6251:
6247:
6237:
6235:
6228:"standardsprÄk"
6226:
6225:
6221:
6215:Pettersson 1996
6213:
6209:
6201:
6197:
6191:Pettersson 1996
6189:, p. 120;
6185:
6181:
6171:
6169:
6160:
6159:
6155:
6139:
6135:
6127:
6123:
6113:
6111:
6102:
6101:
6097:
6090:
6086:
6076:
6074:
6073:on 4 March 2018
6065:
6064:
6060:
6049:
6045:
6035:
6033:
6020:
6019:
6015:
6005:
6003:
5994:
5993:
5986:
5978:
5974:
5967:
5963:
5953:
5951:
5940:
5936:
5929:
5925:
5917:
5913:
5905:
5901:
5893:
5889:
5882:
5867:
5859:
5855:
5848:
5834:
5830:
5823:
5819:
5807:
5805:
5796:
5795:
5788:
5786:
5771:
5767:
5759:
5755:
5744:
5740:
5732:
5728:
5716:
5712:
5695:
5691:
5681:
5679:
5664:
5660:
5650:
5648:
5637:
5633:
5624:
5622:
5609:
5608:
5604:
5595:
5593:
5578:
5577:
5573:
5564:
5562:
5547:
5546:
5542:
5533:
5531:
5516:
5515:
5511:
5502:
5500:
5495:, thelocal.se,
5485:
5481:
5472:
5470:
5466:
5455:
5451:
5450:
5446:
5436:
5434:
5421:
5420:
5416:
5406:
5404:
5391:
5390:
5386:
5376:
5374:
5370:
5359:
5355:
5354:
5350:
5344:Wayback Machine
5333:Wayback Machine
5324:
5320:
5311:
5309:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5276:
5274:
5263:
5262:
5258:
5252:Wayback Machine
5241:Wayback Machine
5232:
5228:
5219:
5217:
5213:
5190:10.1.1.414.7645
5172:
5166:
5162:
5155:Wayback Machine
5145:
5141:
5132:
5128:
5119:
5117:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5093:Wayback Machine
5084:
5080:
5070:Wayback Machine
5061:
5057:
5049:
5045:
5038:
5022:
5018:
5006:
5002:
4995:
4979:
4975:
4968:
4952:
4948:
4941:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4914:
4910:
4903:
4889:
4885:
4879:Pettersson 1996
4877:
4873:
4866:
4850:
4846:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4820:
4813:
4799:
4798:
4794:
4788:Pettersson 1996
4786:
4782:
4773:
4769:
4760:
4756:
4750:Pettersson 1996
4748:
4744:
4738:Pettersson 1996
4736:
4732:
4723:
4719:
4710:
4706:
4700:
4695:
4691:
4683:
4679:
4670:
4663:
4652:
4645:
4635:
4633:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4609:
4607:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4579:
4577:
4570:Svenska sprÄket
4564:
4563:
4559:
4549:
4538:
4529:
4525:
4498:
4385:
4344:Rinkeby Swedish
4341:
4295:
4289:Finland Swedish
4287:Main articles:
4285:
4283:Finland Swedish
4242:standardsvenska
4236:. It is called
4227:
4120:Eastern Uusimaa
3937:Danish dialects
3840:Finland Swedish
3824:
3797:
3784:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3660:
3652:
3645:
3633:
3603:
3595:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3578:in April 2006,
3567:
3555:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3519:
3511:
3503:
3494:is a 29-letter
3488:
3482:
3372:Standard German
3370:and later from
3286:
3241:. As in modern
2893:det gröna huset
2809:when used with
2695:. Nouns are of
2570:
2568:Swedish grammar
2564:
2502:
2451:
2405:
2364:
2292:
2184:
2178:
2162:Swedish dialect
2104:
2062:Swedish Academy
2014:
1929:
1927:Official status
1853:1808â1809. The
1839:
1806:T-V distinction
1702:
1679:velar fricative
1566:
1560:
1491:definite suffix
1374:
1359:
1335:
1241:, ranging from
1204:Younger Futhark
1168:
1160:
1158:
1151:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1133:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1115:
1107:
1101:
1096:
1090:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1000:
776:
655:
654:
632:
597:
558:Finland Swedish
516:Finland Swedish
482:Advanced topics
429:Without proper
417:
412:
411:
410:
405:
404:
389:
375:
359:
352:
342:
341:
334:
324:
323:
316:
302:
299:Swedish Academy
297:
278:
272:
268:
264:
258:
251:Official status
244:Tecknad svenska
240:
235:
228:Swedish Braille
226:
215:
210:
204:
176:
169:
134:
131:Language family
129:
119:
54:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
26:
12:
11:
5:
10018:
10008:
10007:
10002:
9997:
9992:
9987:
9982:
9977:
9972:
9967:
9962:
9945:
9944:
9942:
9941:
9934:
9924:
9921:
9920:
9917:
9916:
9913:
9912:
9910:
9909:
9904:
9899:
9894:
9889:
9884:
9878:
9876:
9872:
9871:
9869:
9868:
9863:
9858:
9853:
9848:
9843:
9838:
9833:
9828:
9823:
9818:
9813:
9808:
9802:
9800:
9796:
9795:
9793:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9775:Proto-Germanic
9771:
9769:
9765:
9764:
9762:
9761:
9754:
9747:
9739:
9738:
9737:
9736:
9731:
9726:
9716:
9711:
9705:
9703:
9693:
9692:
9680:
9679:
9676:
9675:
9672:
9671:
9669:
9668:
9661:
9654:
9650:Crimean Gothic
9639:
9637:
9629:
9628:
9625:
9624:
9622:
9621:
9620:
9619:
9614:
9605:
9602:
9601:
9599:
9598:
9597:
9596:
9586:
9585:
9584:
9577:
9570:
9565:
9560:
9555:
9554:
9553:
9548:
9538:
9537:
9536:
9526:
9524:Insular Danish
9521:
9511:
9510:
9509:
9507:Rinkebysvenska
9504:
9493:
9491:
9487:
9486:
9484:
9483:
9476:
9469:
9468:
9467:
9460:
9448:
9443:
9442:
9441:
9434:
9427:
9421:
9415:
9410:
9405:
9400:
9395:
9390:
9385:
9374:
9372:
9368:
9367:
9365:
9364:
9363:
9362:
9355:
9353:Old East Norse
9350:
9348:Old West Norse
9338:
9330:
9328:
9321:
9311:
9310:
9294:
9293:
9290:
9289:
9286:
9285:
9282:
9281:
9279:
9278:
9271:
9270:
9269:
9259:
9254:
9253:
9252:
9251:
9250:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9230:
9228:South Tyrolean
9220:
9219:
9218:
9208:
9198:
9197:
9196:
9191:
9190:
9189:
9179:
9178:
9177:
9170:High Alemannic
9167:
9166:
9165:
9160:
9143:
9141:
9135:
9134:
9131:
9130:
9128:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9086:
9084:
9078:
9077:
9075:
9074:
9069:
9068:
9067:
9057:
9056:
9055:
9054:
9053:
9048:
9038:
9028:
9027:
9026:
9025:
9024:
9023:
9022:
9012:
9007:
8997:
8996:
8995:
8990:
8974:
8972:
8963:
8961:Central German
8957:
8956:
8954:
8953:
8952:
8951:
8946:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8919:
8914:
8913:
8912:
8902:
8900:Barossa German
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8876:
8874:
8862:
8861:
8859:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8842:
8840:
8834:
8833:
8831:
8830:
8829:
8828:
8814:
8807:
8799:
8797:
8790:
8784:
8783:
8780:
8779:
8777:
8776:
8771:
8765:
8763:
8759:
8758:
8756:
8755:
8749:
8747:
8741:
8740:
8738:
8737:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8704:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8682:
8681:
8679:French Flemish
8671:
8670:
8669:
8658:
8656:
8652:
8651:
8649:
8648:
8638:
8632:
8630:
8624:
8623:
8621:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8604:
8602:
8595:
8593:Low Franconian
8589:
8588:
8585:
8584:
8582:
8581:
8580:
8579:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8548:
8546:
8540:
8539:
8537:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8525:
8524:
8514:
8513:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8501:
8500:
8495:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8461:
8459:
8453:
8452:
8450:
8449:
8442:
8434:
8432:
8425:
8419:
8418:
8415:
8414:
8411:
8410:
8408:
8407:
8406:
8405:
8400:
8399:
8398:
8397:
8396:
8394:Westereendersk
8388:
8377:
8372:
8366:
8364:
8358:
8357:
8355:
8354:
8353:
8352:
8347:
8340:
8335:
8334:
8333:
8328:
8325:
8317:
8312:
8311:
8310:
8299:
8298:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8286:
8285:
8280:
8272:
8261:
8259:
8253:
8252:
8250:
8249:
8248:
8247:
8240:
8233:
8221:
8220:
8219:
8210:
8208:
8202:
8201:
8199:
8198:
8195:Middle Frisian
8191:
8183:
8181:
8174:
8168:
8167:
8165:
8164:
8163:
8162:
8155:
8143:
8142:
8141:
8134:
8127:
8115:
8114:
8113:
8112:
8111:
8101:Modern English
8097:
8094:Middle English
8090:
8083:
8072:
8070:
8061:
8051:
8050:
8038:
8037:
8031:
8028:
8027:
8020:
8019:
8012:
8005:
7997:
7988:
7987:
7985:
7984:
7978:
7976:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7968:
7963:
7957:
7955:
7954:Sign languages
7951:
7950:
7947:
7946:
7944:
7943:
7937:
7935:
7931:
7930:
7928:
7927:
7926:
7925:
7913:
7912:
7911:
7904:
7897:
7885:
7884:
7883:
7870:
7868:
7861:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7853:
7848:
7842:
7840:
7836:
7835:
7828:
7827:
7820:
7813:
7805:
7796:
7795:
7793:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7771:
7769:
7765:
7764:
7762:
7761:
7755:
7753:
7752:Sign languages
7749:
7748:
7746:
7745:
7740:
7739:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7713:
7712:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7681:
7676:
7670:
7668:
7662:
7661:
7659:
7658:
7652:
7650:
7646:
7645:
7638:
7637:
7630:
7623:
7615:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7581:
7579:
7578:Related topics
7575:
7574:
7572:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7555:
7553:
7549:
7548:
7546:
7545:
7538:
7530:
7528:
7524:
7523:
7521:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7504:
7502:
7498:
7497:
7495:
7494:
7489:
7488:
7487:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7451:
7449:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7439:
7434:
7432:Modern Swedish
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7398:
7396:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7386:
7381:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7352:
7351:
7344:
7337:
7324:
7322:
7318:
7317:
7315:
7314:
7312:Rinkebysvenska
7309:
7304:
7299:
7297:Sydsvenska mÄl
7294:
7289:
7281:
7275:
7270:
7268:GotlÀndska mÄl
7264:
7262:
7256:
7255:
7253:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7231:
7229:
7225:
7224:
7217:
7216:
7209:
7202:
7194:
7188:
7187:
7176:Online version
7173:
7168:
7154:Swedish-Arabic
7147:
7135:
7134:External links
7132:
7131:
7130:
7116:
7102:
7088:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7067:
7062:
7049:
7036:
7023:
7018:
7002:
6997:
6979:
6966:
6953:
6937:(in Swedish),
6923:
6911:online edition
6904:
6866:
6853:
6840:
6835:
6822:
6810:978-9172273511
6809:
6796:
6790:
6769:
6756:
6739:
6726:
6713:
6708:
6695:
6682:
6669:
6656:
6643:
6638:
6625:
6620:
6607:
6594:
6577:
6564:
6548:Crystal, David
6544:
6531:
6518:
6505:
6492:
6487:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6465:
6453:
6444:|journal=
6405:
6393:
6376:Bodén, Petra,
6368:
6342:
6322:
6285:
6245:
6219:
6207:
6195:
6187:Engstrand 2004
6179:
6153:
6133:
6121:
6095:
6084:
6058:
6043:
6013:
5984:
5972:
5961:
5934:
5923:
5911:
5899:
5887:
5865:
5861:Granberry 1991
5853:
5846:
5828:
5817:
5808:|journal=
5775:"Fonetik 2005"
5765:
5753:
5750:Engstrand 1999
5746:Andersson 2002
5738:
5734:Engstrand 1999
5726:
5710:
5698:Gammalsvenskby
5689:
5658:
5631:
5602:
5585:Nordic Council
5571:
5540:
5509:
5479:
5460:SprÄkförsvaret
5444:
5414:
5384:
5348:
5318:
5299:Dagens Nyheter
5283:
5256:
5226:
5183:(6): 445â467,
5160:
5139:
5126:
5110:kommunerna.net
5097:
5078:
5055:
5043:
5036:
5016:
5000:
4993:
4973:
4966:
4946:
4939:
4920:
4916:Josephson 2005
4908:
4901:
4883:
4871:
4864:
4844:
4818:
4811:
4792:
4780:
4767:
4754:
4742:
4730:
4717:
4704:
4689:
4677:
4661:
4643:
4617:
4587:
4557:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4487:
4481:
4480:
4477:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4456:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4384:
4381:
4340:
4337:
4284:
4281:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4208:
4195:
4193:younger female
4182:
4165:
4152:
4139:
4126:
4113:
4100:
4098:younger female
4087:
4085:younger female
4074:
4061:
4059:younger female
4049:
4036:
4023:
4005:
3992:
3990:younger female
3979:
3966:
3964:younger female
3863:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3820:Main article:
3783:
3780:
3766:("the a") and
3744:("third") and
3648:) in English.
3484:Main article:
3481:
3480:Writing system
3478:
3476:("to think").
3300:("king"), and
3285:
3282:
3213:
3212:
3194:
3193:
3187:
3169:
3168:
3165:den blev mÄlad
3162:
3159:den blir mÄlad
3148:
3147:
3132:
3131:; "have fried"
3117:
3087:auxiliary verb
3083:
3082:
3075:
3018:
3017:
3011:
2986:
2985:
2979:
2965:
2964:
2931:gender-neutral
2856:("I must wash
2839:den dÀr fisken
2833:("that"), and
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2754:Definite form
2751:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2660:features both
2640:have discrete
2566:Main article:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2543:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2523:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2499:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2433:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2392:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2346:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2287:
2282:
2266:syllable-timed
2180:Main article:
2177:
2174:
2157:Gammalsvenskby
2144:Russian Empire
2103:
2100:
2013:
2010:
1998:Nordic Council
1994:European Union
1987:municipalities
1928:
1925:
1867:municipalities
1838:
1835:
1791:âthe standard
1746:Selma Lagerlöf
1742:Gustaf Fröding
1701:
1698:
1648:Capitalization
1646:were written.
1594:printing press
1572:Front page of
1564:Modern Swedish
1562:Main article:
1559:
1558:Modern Swedish
1556:
1370:Main article:
1334:
1331:
1286:and the later
1257:in the north.
1196:runic alphabet
1182:Old East Norse
1178:Old West Norse
1159:
1156:Crimean Gothic
1150:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1103:Main article:
1100:
1097:
1092:Main article:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
997:
996:
993:
992:
985:
982:
981:
978:
977:
970:
967:
966:
963:
962:
955:
950:
948:
940:
938:
936:Old Norse
930:
928:
921:
920:
917:
916:
909:
906:
905:
902:
901:
894:
889:
887:
885:Proto-Germanic
879:
786:branch of the
784:North Germanic
778:Swedish is an
775:
774:Classification
772:
634:
633:
631:
630:
623:
616:
608:
605:
604:
596:
595:
590:
585:
577:
576:
572:
571:
570:
569:
564:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
526:
525:
521:
520:
519:
518:
513:
505:
504:
500:
499:
498:
497:
495:Modern Swedish
492:
484:
483:
479:
478:
477:
476:
468:
467:
463:
462:
456:
455:
447:
446:
433:, you may see
419:
418:
403:
395:
394:
387:
381:
380:
373:
365:
364:
357:
349:
348:
339:
331:
330:
321:
313:
312:
311:Language codes
308:
307:
291:
285:
284:
281:Nordic Council
275:European Union
259:
256:
253:
252:
248:
247:
241:
234:
231:
230:
216:
212:Writing system
209:
206:
205:
203:
202:
201:
200:
199:
198:
196:Modern Swedish
186:Old East Norse
179:
177:
174:
171:
170:
168:
167:
166:
165:
164:
163:
162:
161:
149:North Germanic
137:
135:
128:
125:
124:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
88:
87:Native to
84:
83:
76:
72:
71:
63:
62:
52:
28:
22:
19:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10017:
10006:
10003:
10001:
9998:
9996:
9993:
9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9971:
9968:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9957:
9955:
9939:
9935:
9933:
9929:
9926:
9925:
9922:
9908:
9905:
9903:
9900:
9898:
9895:
9893:
9890:
9888:
9885:
9883:
9882:Germanic verb
9880:
9879:
9877:
9873:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9849:
9847:
9844:
9842:
9839:
9837:
9834:
9832:
9829:
9827:
9824:
9822:
9821:Sievers's law
9819:
9817:
9814:
9812:
9809:
9807:
9804:
9803:
9801:
9797:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9772:
9770:
9768:Reconstructed
9766:
9760:
9759:
9755:
9753:
9752:
9748:
9746:
9745:
9741:
9740:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9721:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9706:
9704:
9702:
9698:
9694:
9690:
9685:
9681:
9667:
9666:
9662:
9660:
9659:
9655:
9652:
9651:
9646:
9645:
9641:
9640:
9638:
9636:
9635:
9630:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9609:
9607:
9606:
9603:
9595:
9592:
9591:
9590:
9587:
9583:
9582:
9581:Middle Danish
9578:
9576:
9575:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9552:
9549:
9547:
9544:
9543:
9542:
9539:
9535:
9532:
9531:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9516:
9515:
9512:
9508:
9505:
9503:
9500:
9499:
9498:
9495:
9494:
9492:
9488:
9482:
9481:
9477:
9475:
9474:
9470:
9466:
9465:
9461:
9459:
9458:
9457:Old Icelandic
9454:
9453:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9440:
9439:
9435:
9433:
9432:
9431:Old Norwegian
9428:
9425:
9422:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9406:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9380:
9379:
9376:
9375:
9373:
9369:
9361:
9360:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9345:
9344:
9343:
9339:
9337:
9336:
9332:
9331:
9329:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9316:
9312:
9308:
9304:
9299:
9295:
9277:
9276:
9272:
9268:
9265:
9264:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9249:
9248:Gottscheerish
9246:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9225:
9224:
9221:
9217:
9214:
9213:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9203:
9202:
9199:
9195:
9192:
9188:
9187:Walser German
9185:
9184:
9183:
9180:
9176:
9173:
9172:
9171:
9168:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9155:
9154:
9153:Low Alemannic
9151:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9144:
9142:
9140:
9136:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9115:High Prussian
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9100:Erzgebirgisch
9098:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9088:
9087:
9085:
9083:
9079:
9073:
9070:
9066:
9063:
9062:
9061:
9058:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9043:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9033:
9032:
9029:
9021:
9018:
9017:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9005:Luxembourgish
9003:
9002:
9001:
8998:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8985:
8984:
8981:
8980:
8979:
8976:
8975:
8973:
8971:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8958:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8944:
8943:Klezmer-loshn
8940:
8938:
8937:Scots Yiddish
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8924:
8923:
8920:
8918:
8915:
8911:
8908:
8907:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8877:
8875:
8873:
8868:
8863:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8843:
8841:
8839:
8835:
8827:
8826:
8822:
8821:
8820:
8819:
8815:
8813:
8812:
8808:
8806:
8805:
8801:
8800:
8798:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8785:
8775:
8774:Meuse-Rhenish
8772:
8770:
8767:
8766:
8764:
8760:
8754:
8751:
8750:
8748:
8746:
8742:
8736:
8732:
8728:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8705:
8702:
8701:Kleverlandish
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8680:
8677:
8676:
8675:
8672:
8668:
8665:
8664:
8663:
8662:Central Dutch
8660:
8659:
8657:
8653:
8646:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8633:
8631:
8629:
8625:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8605:
8603:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8590:
8578:
8575:
8574:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8549:
8547:
8545:
8541:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8523:
8520:
8519:
8518:
8515:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8490:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8470:Stellingwarfs
8468:
8467:
8466:
8463:
8462:
8460:
8458:
8454:
8448:
8447:
8443:
8441:
8440:
8436:
8435:
8433:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8420:
8404:
8401:
8395:
8392:
8391:
8390:Wood Frisian
8389:
8386:
8385:
8384:
8381:
8380:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8367:
8365:
8363:
8359:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8345:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8332:
8329:
8326:
8323:
8322:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8308:
8307:
8306:
8303:
8302:
8300:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8275:
8273:
8271:
8270:
8266:
8265:
8263:
8262:
8260:
8258:
8257:North Frisian
8254:
8246:
8245:
8241:
8239:
8238:
8234:
8232:
8231:
8227:
8226:
8225:
8222:
8218:
8215:
8214:
8212:
8211:
8209:
8207:
8203:
8197:
8196:
8192:
8190:
8189:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8169:
8161:
8160:
8156:
8154:
8153:
8149:
8148:
8147:
8144:
8140:
8139:
8135:
8133:
8132:
8128:
8126:
8125:
8121:
8120:
8119:
8116:
8110:
8109:
8105:
8104:
8103:
8102:
8098:
8096:
8095:
8091:
8089:
8088:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8078:
8077:
8074:
8073:
8071:
8069:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8059:Anglo-Frisian
8056:
8052:
8048:
8043:
8039:
8035:
8029:
8025:
8018:
8013:
8011:
8006:
8004:
7999:
7998:
7995:
7983:
7980:
7979:
7977:
7973:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7958:
7956:
7952:
7942:
7939:
7938:
7936:
7932:
7923:
7919:
7918:
7917:
7914:
7909:
7905:
7902:
7898:
7895:
7891:
7890:
7889:
7886:
7881:
7877:
7876:
7875:
7872:
7871:
7869:
7865:
7862:
7858:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7843:
7841:
7837:
7833:
7826:
7821:
7819:
7814:
7812:
7807:
7806:
7803:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7772:
7770:
7766:
7760:
7757:
7756:
7754:
7750:
7744:
7741:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7731:Vlax dialects
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7718:
7717:
7714:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7686:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7671:
7669:
7667:
7663:
7657:
7654:
7653:
7651:
7647:
7643:
7636:
7631:
7629:
7624:
7622:
7617:
7616:
7613:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7582:
7580:
7576:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7556:
7554:
7550:
7544:
7543:
7539:
7537:
7536:
7532:
7531:
7529:
7525:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7499:
7493:
7490:
7486:
7483:
7482:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7465:Enlightenment
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7452:
7450:
7448:
7444:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7399:
7397:
7395:
7391:
7385:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7350:
7349:
7345:
7343:
7342:
7338:
7336:
7335:
7331:
7330:
7329:
7326:
7325:
7323:
7319:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7287:
7286:Ostrobothnian
7282:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7257:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7232:
7230:
7226:
7222:
7215:
7210:
7208:
7203:
7201:
7196:
7195:
7192:
7183:
7182:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7163:
7159:
7155:
7151:
7148:
7145:
7141:
7138:
7137:
7128:
7127:91-520-0519-4
7124:
7120:
7117:
7114:
7113:0-415-27884-8
7110:
7106:
7103:
7100:
7099:0-415-16048-0
7096:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7086:0-8442-8539-0
7083:
7079:
7076:
7075:
7065:
7059:
7055:
7050:
7047:
7043:
7039:
7033:
7029:
7024:
7021:
7015:
7011:
7007:
7003:
7000:
6994:
6990:
6989:
6984:
6980:
6977:
6973:
6969:
6963:
6959:
6954:
6940:
6936:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6915:
6912:
6908:
6905:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6880:
6876:
6872:
6867:
6864:
6860:
6856:
6850:
6846:
6841:
6838:
6832:
6828:
6823:
6820:
6816:
6812:
6806:
6802:
6797:
6793:
6787:
6783:
6778:
6777:
6770:
6767:
6763:
6759:
6753:
6749:
6745:
6740:
6737:
6733:
6729:
6723:
6719:
6714:
6711:
6705:
6701:
6696:
6693:
6689:
6685:
6679:
6675:
6670:
6667:
6663:
6659:
6653:
6649:
6644:
6641:
6635:
6631:
6626:
6623:
6617:
6613:
6608:
6605:
6601:
6597:
6591:
6587:
6583:
6578:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6561:
6557:
6556:Penguin Books
6553:
6549:
6545:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6528:
6524:
6519:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6502:
6498:
6493:
6490:
6484:
6480:
6475:
6474:
6462:
6457:
6449:
6436:
6420:
6416:
6409:
6403:, p. 151
6402:
6401:Kotsinas 1994
6397:
6390:on 6 May 2008
6389:
6385:
6381:
6380:
6372:
6356:
6352:
6346:
6336:
6332:
6326:
6319:
6306:
6302:
6301:
6296:
6289:
6282:
6280:
6263:
6256:
6249:
6233:
6229:
6223:
6217:, p. 184
6216:
6211:
6204:
6199:
6193:, p. 184
6192:
6188:
6183:
6167:
6163:
6157:
6150:
6146:
6142:
6141:Leinonen 2011
6137:
6130:
6125:
6109:
6105:
6099:
6093:
6088:
6072:
6068:
6062:
6054:
6047:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6017:
6001:
5997:
5991:
5989:
5982:
5976:
5970:
5965:
5949:
5945:
5938:
5932:
5931:Bolander 2002
5927:
5920:
5915:
5909:, p. 213
5908:
5903:
5896:
5891:
5885:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5874:
5872:
5870:
5862:
5857:
5849:
5843:
5839:
5832:
5826:
5821:
5813:
5800:
5784:
5780:
5776:
5769:
5762:
5757:
5751:
5747:
5742:
5736:, p. 140
5735:
5730:
5723:
5719:
5714:
5707:
5706:svenskbyborna
5703:
5699:
5693:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5662:
5646:
5642:
5635:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5606:
5591:
5587:
5586:
5581:
5575:
5560:
5556:
5555:
5550:
5544:
5529:
5525:
5524:
5519:
5513:
5498:
5494:
5490:
5483:
5465:
5461:
5454:
5448:
5432:
5428:
5427:Lindstrom, MN
5424:
5418:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5388:
5369:
5365:
5358:
5352:
5345:
5341:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5326:Learn Swedish
5322:
5307:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5293:
5287:
5272:
5268:
5267:
5260:
5253:
5249:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5230:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5156:
5152:
5149:
5143:
5137:, p. 154
5136:
5130:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5101:
5094:
5090:
5087:
5082:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5064:
5059:
5053:, p. 24.
5052:
5051:Parkvall 2009
5047:
5039:
5033:
5029:
5028:
5020:
5014:
5010:
5004:
4996:
4990:
4986:
4985:
4977:
4969:
4963:
4959:
4958:
4950:
4942:
4936:
4932:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4912:
4904:
4898:
4894:
4887:
4881:, p. 138
4880:
4875:
4867:
4861:
4857:
4856:
4848:
4837:
4829:
4822:
4814:
4808:
4804:
4803:
4796:
4790:, p. 151
4789:
4784:
4777:
4771:
4764:
4758:
4752:, p. 139
4751:
4746:
4739:
4734:
4727:
4721:
4714:
4708:
4693:
4686:
4681:
4674:
4668:
4666:
4659:
4655:
4650:
4648:
4631:
4627:
4621:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4591:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4561:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4527:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4397:(1898â1961):
4396:
4392:
4391:
4387:Excerpt from
4380:
4376:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4300:
4294:
4293:Ă
land Swedish
4290:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4146:VÀstergötland
4143:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3823:
3813:
3807:
3803:
3792:
3788:
3779:
3776:
3770:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3731:
3728:is used in a
3727:
3723:
3718:
3696:
3676:
3671:
3664:
3656:
3649:
3643:
3637:
3631:
3630:grave accents
3627:
3626:acute accents
3622:
3616:
3610:
3599:
3593:
3576:
3575:
3565:
3559:
3551:
3542:on top of an
3534:on top of an
3523:
3515:
3507:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3467:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3431:verbification
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3364:lingua franca
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3072:en stekt fisk
3069:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3035:according to
3034:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3015:
3012:
3010:"the horse's"
3009:
3005:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2881:ett grönt hus
2878:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2800:demonstrative
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2705:neuter gender
2702:
2698:
2697:common gender
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2256:Swedish is a
2254:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2232:
2218:
2211:
2201:
2197:
2188:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2035:
2028:" populations
2027:
2026:Coastal Swede
2023:
2018:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1909:United States
1905:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1855:Fenno-Swedish
1852:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1831:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1610:New Testament
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1487:common gender
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1387:VÀstgötalagen
1383:
1379:
1373:
1365:
1354:
1353:VÀstergötland
1350:
1346:
1345:
1344:VÀstgötalagen
1339:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1200:Elder Futhark
1197:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1187:Runic Swedish
1183:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1111:
1106:
1095:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1053:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
995:
994:
991:
990:
984:
983:
980:
979:
976:
975:
969:
968:
965:
964:
961:
960:
954:
953:
947:
944:
943:
937:
934:
933:
926:
923:
922:
919:
918:
915:
914:
908:
907:
904:
903:
900:
899:
893:
892:
886:
883:
882:
878:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:orthographies
836:
832:
828:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
687:
685:
681:
677:
674:and parts of
673:
669:
665:
658:
652:
648:
644:
640:
629:
624:
622:
617:
615:
610:
609:
607:
606:
603:
600:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
579:
578:
574:
573:
568:
565:
563:
559:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
529:
528:
527:
523:
522:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
507:
506:
502:
501:
496:
493:
491:
488:
487:
486:
485:
481:
480:
475:
472:
471:
470:
469:
465:
464:
461:
458:
457:
453:
452:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
426:
420:
401:
396:
392:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
372:
371:
366:
362:
358:
355:
350:
345:
340:
337:
332:
327:
322:
319:
314:
309:
305:
300:
295:
292:
290:
286:
283:
282:
277:
276:
271:
267:
263:
260:
254:
249:
245:
242:
238:
232:
229:
224:
220:
217:
213:
207:
197:
194:
193:
192:
189:
188:
187:
184:
183:
182:
178:
172:
160:
157:
156:
155:
152:
151:
150:
147:
146:
145:
142:
141:
140:
139:Indo-European
136:
132:
126:
122:
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
75:Pronunciation
73:
69:
64:
59:
56:
51:
40:
36:
32:
25:
20:
9927:
9811:Verner's law
9756:
9751:Gotho-Nordic
9749:
9742:
9663:
9656:
9648:
9642:
9632:
9617:FÄrö Gutnish
9579:
9572:
9496:
9478:
9471:
9462:
9455:
9436:
9429:
9357:
9352:
9347:
9340:
9333:
9273:
9175:Swiss German
9139:Upper German
9072:Amana German
9046:Volga German
9015:HunsrĂŒckisch
8941:
8895:Unserdeutsch
8890:Berlinerisch
8823:
8816:
8809:
8802:
8762:Cover groups
8718:Mohawk Dutch
8713:Jersey Dutch
8691:East Flemish
8674:West Flemish
8618:Middle Dutch
8572:Low Prussian
8444:
8437:
8403:Terschelling
8387:Clay Frisian
8362:West Frisian
8350:Wiedingharde
8342:
8330:
8290:Heligolandic
8267:
8242:
8235:
8228:
8223:
8206:East Frisian
8193:
8186:
8159:Middle Scots
8157:
8150:
8136:
8129:
8122:
8117:
8106:
8099:
8092:
8085:
7934:Unrecognized
7922:Mishar Tatar
7880:Finnish Kalo
7850:
7726:Scandoromani
7721:Finnish Kalo
7655:
7540:
7533:
7527:Dictionaries
7375:
7346:
7339:
7332:
7307:Stockholmska
7284:
7220:
7185:(in Swedish)
7179:
7118:
7104:
7090:
7077:
7053:
7027:
7009:
6987:
6957:
6946:, retrieved
6934:
6921:(in Swedish)
6897:, retrieved
6878:
6874:
6845:UngdomssprÄk
6844:
6826:
6800:
6775:
6746:, New York:
6743:
6717:
6699:
6673:
6647:
6629:
6611:
6581:
6551:
6522:
6496:
6478:
6456:
6435:cite journal
6423:. Retrieved
6408:
6396:
6388:the original
6378:
6371:
6359:. Retrieved
6345:
6335:the original
6325:
6316:
6309:, retrieved
6305:the original
6298:
6288:
6278:
6276:
6269:. Retrieved
6262:the original
6248:
6236:. Retrieved
6222:
6210:
6198:
6182:
6170:. Retrieved
6156:
6136:
6124:
6112:. Retrieved
6098:
6087:
6075:. Retrieved
6071:the original
6061:
6052:
6046:
6034:. Retrieved
6025:
6022:"Smyglyssna"
6016:
6004:. Retrieved
5980:
5975:
5964:
5952:. Retrieved
5937:
5926:
5919:Hultman 2003
5914:
5907:Hultman 2003
5902:
5895:Hultman 2003
5890:
5856:
5837:
5831:
5820:
5799:cite journal
5787:. Retrieved
5768:
5756:
5741:
5729:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5705:
5697:
5692:
5680:. Retrieved
5671:
5661:
5649:. Retrieved
5634:
5623:, retrieved
5614:
5605:
5594:, retrieved
5590:the original
5583:
5574:
5563:, retrieved
5552:
5543:
5532:, retrieved
5521:
5512:
5501:, retrieved
5492:
5482:
5471:, retrieved
5459:
5453:"SprÄklagen"
5447:
5435:. Retrieved
5426:
5417:
5405:. Retrieved
5396:
5387:
5375:. Retrieved
5363:
5351:
5321:
5310:, retrieved
5295:
5286:
5277:28 September
5275:, retrieved
5265:
5259:
5229:
5218:, retrieved
5180:
5176:
5163:
5146:
5142:
5129:
5118:, retrieved
5109:
5100:
5081:
5058:
5046:
5026:
5019:
5012:
5008:
5003:
4983:
4976:
4956:
4949:
4929:
4923:
4911:
4892:
4886:
4874:
4854:
4847:
4836:the original
4821:
4801:
4795:
4783:
4778:, p. 33
4770:
4765:, p. 29
4757:
4745:
4733:
4720:
4707:
4692:
4685:Bergman 1984
4680:
4658:Scandinavian
4657:
4654:Crystal 1999
4634:. Retrieved
4630:the original
4620:
4608:. Retrieved
4599:
4590:
4578:. Retrieved
4569:
4560:
4543:
4484:
4473:
4463:
4452:
4442:
4432:
4422:
4411:
4388:
4386:
4377:
4342:
4304:Ostrobothnia
4296:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4254:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4228:
4206:older female
4180:younger male
4163:older female
4159:Ăstergötland
4150:older female
4124:younger male
4094:Ostrobothnia
4047:younger male
4043:Södermanland
4016:older female
3977:older female
3973:VĂ€sterbotten
3941:
3904:
3899:
3864:
3825:
3719:
3650:
3489:
3469:
3461:
3453:
3452:("car") and
3445:
3441:
3410:
3402:
3400:
3395:
3387:
3386:from German
3379:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3350:, "level"),
3347:
3343:
3332:
3325:
3318:Scandoromani
3301:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3251:
3246:
3235:prepositions
3228:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3176:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3151:
3149:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3071:
3040:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3003:
2996:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2946:
2934:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2885:gröna stolar
2884:
2880:
2877:en grön stol
2876:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2817:("here") or
2814:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2769:
2762:
2757:
2747:
2742:
2720:
2716:
2708:
2700:
2678:
2646:definiteness
2617:
2571:
2258:stress-timed
2255:
2212:
2193:
2170:World War II
2166:
2155:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2105:
2095:
2089:
2085:prescriptive
2078:
2074:
2068:
2057:
2053:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2000:. Under the
1991:
1967:
1952:
1949:
1906:
1887:
1879:
1863:archipelagos
1840:
1758:
1754:
1723:
1675:front vowels
1664:
1644:
1636:
1617:
1589:
1587:
1552:Johan Gerson
1547:
1532:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1457:and certain
1436:
1410:and various
1403:
1399:
1392:Latin script
1385:
1377:
1375:
1364:Latin script
1342:
1322:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1192:Runic Danish
1191:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1163: Other
1037:
1036:
1021:
987:
972:
957:
911:
896:
875:
824:
819:
815:
777:
753:
745:standardized
723:
688:
638:
637:
598:
459:
422:
385:Linguasphere
368:
306:(in Finland)
296:(in Sweden)
279:
273:
237:Signed forms
158:
55:
50:
38:
29:This is the
23:
9826:Kluge's law
9806:Grimm's law
9589:Dalecarlian
9568:Perkerdansk
9541:East Danish
9359:Old Gutnish
9335:Proto-Norse
9275:Langobardic
9267:Vogtlandian
9095:Upper Saxon
8949:Lachoudisch
8910:Lotegorisch
8788:High German
8534:Westphalian
8529:Eastphalian
8493:Achterhooks
8370:Hindeloopen
8305:Bökingharde
8274:FöhrâAmrum
8188:Old Frisian
8152:Early Scots
8087:Old English
7780:East Danish
7775:Dalecarlian
7427:Old Swedish
7417:Proto-Norse
7356:Orthography
6700:Barfotabarn
6461:Ferlin 1976
6151:, p. 9
5969:Wessén 1998
5884:Haugen 2009
5825:Garlén 1988
5761:Garlén 1988
5615:Nordic news
4918:, chapter 2
4701: 1280
4395:Nils Ferlin
4393:(1933), by
4390:Barfotabarn
4267:rikssvenska
4250:rikssvenska
4238:rikssvenska
3999:HĂ€lsingland
3907:nationalist
3887:Ăsterbotten
3798: 1960
3778:("USA's").
3722:orthography
3720:In Swedish
3717:from 2003.
3651:The German
3339:transcribed
3296:("mouse"),
3220:vore, mÄnne
3190:den mÄlades
3144:har skrivit
3064:participles
2831:den/det dÀr
2829:("these"),
2691:as well as
2594:inflections
2586:main clause
2582:finite verb
2020:Map of the
1978:sovereignty
1958:pairing-off
1851:Finnish War
1763:du-reformen
1656:blackletter
1632:Olaus Petri
1602:Gustav Vasa
1598:Reformation
1574:Gustav Vasa
1526:as well as
1513:subjunctive
1378:fornsvenska
1372:Old Swedish
1360: 1280
1333:Old Swedish
1269:monophthong
1251:Ăsterbotten
1174:Proto-Norse
1147:Old English
925:Proto-Norse
835:nationalist
705:during the
703:Scandinavia
437:instead of
301:(in Sweden)
191:Old Swedish
175:Early forms
123:: 3 million
121:L2 speakers
97:, formerly
9954:Categories
9658:Burgundian
9574:Old Danish
9563:GĂžtudanskt
9546:Bornholmsk
9408:Vestlandsk
9388:Kebabnorsk
9125:Halcnovian
9090:Thuringian
8753:Limburgish
8723:Stadsfries
8696:Brabantian
8423:Low German
8269:Eiderstedt
8124:Fingallian
7867:Recognized
7600:Suecophile
7501:Regulators
7492:Children's
7447:Literature
6983:SprÄkrÄdet
6948:30 January
6470:References
6361:27 October
6279:högsvenska
5998:. Scribd.
5704:, article
5682:9 February
5364:Census.gov
5120:3 December
5013:ni-tilltal
5009:du-tilltal
4636:11 October
4610:3 February
4545:Ethnologue
4360:sociolects
4352:Gothenburg
4271:gotlÀndska
4246:högsvenska
4219:older male
4137:older male
4111:older male
4103:DragsfjÀrd
4072:older male
4034:older male
4003:older male
3960:Norrbotten
3921:Norrbotten
3912:mass media
3592:diacritics
3427:derivation
3413:smyglyssna
3330:("girl").
3290:vocabulary
3284:Vocabulary
3092:("have"),
3053:infinitive
3045:imperative
3033:conjugated
3031:Verbs are
2864:Adjectives
2843:den fisken
2825:("this"),
2713:adjectives
2685:adjectives
2638:Adjectives
2606:nominative
2447:Continuant
2140:parliament
2038:SprÄkrÄdet
1974:autonomous
1898:assimilate
1733:boksvenska
1628:Laurentius
1517:imperative
1479:accusative
1471:possessive
1463:nominative
1451:adjectives
1432:Low German
1327:MĂ€lardalen
1239:isoglosses
863:HĂ€rjedalen
857:, western
853:, western
707:Viking Age
701:living in
246:(obsolete)
9938:varieties
9930:indicate
9744:Northwest
9689:Philology
9594:Elfdalian
9529:Jutlandic
9451:Icelandic
9426:(written)
9420:(written)
9398:TrĂžndersk
9378:Norwegian
9342:Old Norse
9163:Coloniero
9147:Alemannic
9120:Wymysorys
8988:Colognian
8983:Ripuarian
8905:Rotwelsch
8735:Midslands
8686:Zeelandic
8667:Hollandic
8641:Afrikaans
8613:Old Dutch
8439:Old Saxon
8338:Karrharde
8320:Goesharde
8301:Mainland
8034:philology
7785:Elfdalian
7679:MeÀnkieli
7585:Swenglish
7552:Education
7480:Modernist
7422:Old Norse
7371:Phonology
6311:24 August
6203:Dahl 2000
6145:Dahl 2000
5781:: 34â36.
5493:The Local
5393:"Swedish"
5312:4 January
5185:CiteSeerX
4600:Wordminds
4580:16 August
4517:Swenglish
4403:Original
4364:RosengÄrd
4185:Stenberga
4020:Elfdalian
3956:Ăverkalix
3935:and some
3933:Norwegian
3900:sockenmÄl
3871:Old Norse
3800:), being
3675:diaeresis
3564:diacritic
3538:, and an
3421:from the
3396:tree-wool
3390:Baumwolle
3247:till fots
3184:den mÄlas
3129:har stekt
3114:har mÄlat
2731:Singular
2703:form) or
2453:voiceless
2366:voiceless
2299:Retroflex
2176:Phonology
2048:does for
1917:Lindström
1913:Minnesota
1727:nusvenska
1671:fricative
1667:fricative
1590:nysvenska
1554:in 1495.
1489:with the
1424:Hanseatic
1396:law codes
1262:diphthong
1105:Old Norse
1099:Old Norse
989:Norwegian
959:Icelandic
812:Norwegian
808:Icelandic
741:varieties
731:, is the
715:Norwegian
695:Old Norse
686:overall.
666:from the
370:Glottolog
354:ISO 639-3
336:ISO 639-2
318:ISO 639-1
181:Old Norse
105:Ethnicity
9665:Vandalic
9608:Gutnish
9413:VikvĂŠrsk
9393:SognamÄl
9383:Bergensk
9233:Cimbrian
9201:Bavarian
9158:Alsatian
9105:Lusatian
9041:Palatine
8731:Amelands
8608:Frankish
8498:Sallaans
8480:Gronings
8331:Southern
8324:Northern
8315:Halligen
8264:Insular
8081:dialects
7941:Karelian
7894:Northern
7709:Northern
7689:Southern
7470:Romantic
7328:Alphabet
7302:Ă
lÀndska
7260:Dialects
7008:(2000),
6985:(2008),
6976:36130929
6939:archived
6914:Archived
6899:20 March
6893:archived
6863:60994967
6819:55849724
6766:23692877
6736:67420810
6692:66026795
6666:40305532
6604:61100963
6574:59441560
6550:(1999),
6541:67138445
6515:13259382
6419:Archived
6355:Archived
6232:Archived
6166:Archived
6108:Archived
6030:Archived
6000:Archived
5948:Archived
5789:23 March
5783:Archived
5676:Archived
5645:Archived
5625:25 April
5619:archived
5596:25 April
5559:archived
5528:archived
5497:archived
5464:archived
5431:Archived
5401:Archived
5377:29 March
5368:Archived
5366:. 1943.
5340:Archived
5329:Archived
5306:archived
5271:archived
5248:Archived
5237:Archived
5211:archived
5207:18875358
5151:Archived
5114:archived
5089:Archived
5066:Archived
4604:Archived
4574:Archived
4496:See also
4325:Yle Vega
4202:Blekinge
4155:Rimforsa
4133:BohuslÀn
4056:VĂ€rmland
4008:Ălvdalen
3986:JĂ€mtland
3969:BurtrÀsk
3896:parishes
3828:dialects
3802:alveolar
3791:Isogloss
3782:Dialects
3665:⟩
3661:⟨
3657:⟩
3653:⟨
3638:⟩
3634:⟨
3600:⟩
3596:⟨
3590:. Other
3560:⟩
3556:⟨
3552:⟩
3548:⟨
3524:⟩
3520:⟨
3516:⟩
3512:⟨
3508:⟩
3504:⟨
3496:alphabet
3444:, as in
3356:fauteuil
2994:enclitic
2990:genitive
2933:pronoun
2904:pronouns
2902:Swedish
2860:hair").
2813:such as
2803:pronouns
2763:fiskarna
2679:Swedish
2654:articles
2650:suffixes
2634:singular
2610:genitive
2294:Alveolar
2243:guttural
2196:phonemes
2058:de facto
1953:de facto
1941:Helsinki
1871:in Ă
land
1584:. 1541".
1534:letters
1496:and the
1467:genitive
1459:numerals
1455:pronouns
1445:system.
1412:monastic
1382:medieval
1349:law code
1274:, as in
1247:Norrland
1208:phonemes
927: â
867:JĂ€mtland
855:VĂ€rmland
851:Dalsland
847:BohuslÀn
827:dialects
602:Language
575:Teaching
524:Dialects
503:Variants
443:Help:IPA
377:swed1254
144:Germanic
115:Speakers
35:reviewed
9928:Italics
9551:Scanian
9497:Swedish
9446:Faroese
9424:Nynorsk
9403:Valdris
9238:MĂČcheno
9194:Swabian
9060:Hessian
9020:Hunsrik
8932:Western
8927:Eastern
8922:Yiddish
8872:creoles
8769:Bergish
8485:DrĂšents
8475:Tweants
8327:Central
8309:Mooring
8172:Frisian
8131:Kildare
8076:English
7975:Related
7851:Swedish
7846:Finnish
7790:Gutnish
7743:Yiddish
7674:Finnish
7656:Swedish
7475:Realism
7394:History
7366:Grammar
7361:Braille
7292:SveamÄl
7273:GötamÄl
7046:1303752
6425:16 July
6271:3 March
6238:3 March
6172:2 March
6114:3 March
6106:. iiS.
6077:3 March
6036:3 March
6026:Woxikon
6006:3 March
5954:9 March
5651:2 March
5565:19 June
5534:23 June
5503:15 July
5473:15 July
5423:"About"
5234:Swedish
5220:19 July
4540:Swedish
4368:Scanian
4348:Rinkeby
4346:(after
4333:Yle Fem
4329:Yle X3M
4317:Finnish
4276:skÄnska
4198:JÀmshög
4189:SmÄland
4176:Halland
4081:Gotland
4039:Sorunda
4030:Uppland
4012:Dalarna
3925:Gotland
3917:Dalarna
3879:Dalarna
3867:dialect
3758:endings
3642:at sign
3621:Kastrén
3376:calques
3366:of the
3266:adverbs
3239:English
3152:att bli
3140:skrivit
3136:skriven
3061:present
3057:Perfect
3008:hÀstens
2811:adverbs
2734:Plural
2721:en fisk
2689:genders
2674:phoneme
2658:prosody
2598:genders
2562:Grammar
2360:Plosive
2314:Glottal
2304:Palatal
2274:Prosody
2200:quality
2152:Ukraine
2112:Hiiumaa
1983:Finnish
1963:Riksdag
1945:Finland
1937:Finnish
1921:Scandia
1907:In the
1894:Finnish
1847:Finnish
1683:plosive
1673:before
1660:Antiqua
1582:Uppsala
1578:Fraktur
1469:(later
1355:, from
1267:to the
1255:Finland
1243:Zealand
1088:History
1038:Swedish
974:Faroese
859:Dalarna
831:Denmark
804:Faroese
756:Estonia
676:Finland
662:) is a
647:svenska
643:endonym
639:Swedish
567:Gutnish
474:History
439:Unicode
262:Finland
159:Swedish
99:Estonia
95:Finland
68:Svenska
61:Swedish
9644:Gothic
9514:Danish
9418:BokmÄl
8917:Yenish
8727:Bildts
8510:Veluws
8505:Urkers
8344:Strand
8068:Anglic
7874:Romani
7716:Romani
7590:Svorsk
7485:poetry
7378:-sound
7125:
7111:
7097:
7084:
7060:
7044:
7034:
7016:
6995:
6974:
6964:
6861:
6851:
6833:
6817:
6807:
6788:
6784:â144.
6764:
6754:
6734:
6724:
6706:
6690:
6680:
6664:
6654:
6636:
6618:
6602:
6592:
6572:
6562:
6539:
6529:
6513:
6503:
6485:
5844:
5437:3 July
5407:3 July
5205:
5187:
5034:
4991:
4964:
4937:
4899:
4862:
4809:
4383:Sample
4312:Nyland
4299:Russia
4172:Heberg
4168:Ă
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4090:NĂ€rpes
4077:Sproge
3995:FĂ€rila
3883:NĂ€rpes
3806:uvular
3741:tredje
3724:, the
3713:, and
3518:, and
3439:suffix
3419:gender
3382:bomull
3352:fÄtölj
3348:niveau
3335:French
3322:Romani
3314:French
3254:syntax
3243:German
3198:clause
3098:supine
3055:form.
3026:hÀsten
3004:hÀsten
2958:hennes
2945:form.
2943:dative
2939:object
2847:fisken
2835:de dÀr
2794:, and
2758:fisken
2748:fiskar
2693:number
2662:stress
2656:. The
2630:plural
2622:clitic
2614:object
2504:voiced
2407:voiced
2290:Dental
2285:Labial
2241:has a
2136:Baltic
2116:Vormsi
2050:French
1843:Sweden
1797:French
1782:fröken
1677:. The
1652:German
1608:. The
1528:number
1524:person
1483:German
1475:dative
1443:gender
1347:, the
1302:as in
1294:as in
1276:stĂŠinn
1161:
1154:
1152:
1145:
1143:
1136:
1134:
1127:
1125:
1118:
1116:
1023:Danish
871:Scania
869:, and
810:, and
796:Danish
729:Swedes
719:Danish
672:Sweden
466:Topics
266:Sweden
109:Swedes
91:Sweden
9758:South
9709:North
9319:North
9303:North
8645:Kaaps
8636:Dutch
8283:Amrum
8224:Weser
8146:Scots
7916:Tatar
7908:Skolt
7901:Inari
7455:Early
6942:(PDF)
6931:(PDF)
6881:(2),
6265:(PDF)
6258:(PDF)
5674:(9).
5467:(PDF)
5456:(PDF)
5371:(PDF)
5360:(PDF)
5214:(PDF)
5203:S2CID
5173:(PDF)
4839:(PDF)
4832:(PDF)
4523:Notes
4356:Malmö
4215:SkÄne
4142:Floby
4129:Orust
4116:BorgÄ
4068:NĂ€rke
4026:GrÀsö
3982:AspÄs
3814:]
3810:[
3775:USA:s
3753:Sankt
3726:colon
3670:mĂŒsli
3472:tÀnka
3435:nouns
3360:affÀr
3354:(fr.
3346:(fr.
3310:Greek
3306:Latin
3125:stekt
3121:stekt
3110:mÄlat
3106:mÄlad
3037:tense
2962:henne
2681:nouns
2666:vowel
2539:Trill
2321:Nasal
2309:Velar
2270:tones
2128:Ormsö
2120:Ruhnu
1970:Ă
land
1875:Ă
land
1804:(see
1606:Bible
1520:moods
1447:Nouns
1420:Latin
1416:Greek
1320:close
1310:into
1308:tauĂŸr
1296:dauĂ°r
1284:stain
1280:sténn
713:with
270:Ă
land
219:Latin
9719:West
9714:East
9634:East
9490:East
9480:Norn
9371:West
9307:East
9305:and
8870:and
8865:Non-
8295:Sylt
8278:Föhr
8213:Ems
8138:Yola
8047:West
7888:SĂĄmi
7704:Lule
7699:Pite
7684:SĂĄmi
7123:ISBN
7109:ISBN
7095:ISBN
7082:ISBN
7058:ISBN
7042:OCLC
7032:ISBN
7014:ISBN
6993:ISBN
6972:OCLC
6962:ISBN
6950:2015
6901:2013
6859:OCLC
6849:ISBN
6831:ISBN
6815:OCLC
6805:ISBN
6786:ISBN
6762:OCLC
6752:ISBN
6732:OCLC
6722:ISBN
6704:ISBN
6688:OCLC
6678:ISBN
6662:OCLC
6652:ISBN
6634:ISBN
6616:ISBN
6600:OCLC
6590:ISBN
6570:OCLC
6560:ISBN
6537:OCLC
6527:ISBN
6511:OCLC
6501:ISBN
6483:ISBN
6448:help
6427:2019
6363:2016
6313:2007
6273:2018
6240:2018
6174:2018
6116:2018
6079:2018
6053:Bila
6038:2018
6008:2018
5956:2018
5842:ISBN
5812:help
5791:2020
5684:2016
5653:2018
5627:2007
5598:2007
5567:2008
5536:2006
5505:2009
5475:2009
5439:2023
5409:2023
5379:2023
5314:2012
5279:2008
5222:2014
5122:2007
5032:ISBN
5011:and
4989:ISBN
4962:ISBN
4935:ISBN
4897:ISBN
4860:ISBN
4807:ISBN
4638:2018
4612:2023
4582:2021
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4310:and
4291:and
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4064:Viby
4052:Köla
3891:case
3875:Orsa
3769:CD:n
3763:a:et
3750:for
3738:for
3701:and
3689:and
3681:and
3612:vs.
3554:and
3530:and
3490:The
3464:tÀnk
3456:bila
3423:head
3344:nivÄ
3327:tjej
3298:kung
3288:The
3094:hade
3059:and
3049:stem
2921:and
2910:and
2743:fisk
2717:fisk
2683:and
2632:and
2608:and
2221:and
2132:Runö
2124:Dagö
2075:SAOL
2032:The
1972:(an
1919:and
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1630:and
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1418:and
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1222:and
768:Oslo
717:and
560:and
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