1317:, James Pfeiffer addresses their negative effects on the country's health. According to Pfeiffer, NGOs in Mozambique have "fragmented the local health system, undermined local control of health programs, and contributed to growing local social inequality". They can be uncoordinated, creating parallel projects which divert health-service workers from their normal duties to instead serve the NGOs. This undermines local primary-healthcare efforts, and removes the government's ability to maintain agency over its health sector. Pfeiffer suggested a collaborative model of the NGO and the DPS (the Mozambique Provincial Health Directorate); the NGO should be "formally held to standard and adherence within the host country", reduce "showcase" projects and unsustainable parallel programs.
1378:
1430:. The equality of relationships between northern and southern parts of an NGO, and between southern and northern NGOs working in partnership, has been questioned; the north may lead in advocacy and resource mobilization, and the south delivers services in the developing world. The needs of the developing world may not be addressed appropriately, as northern NGOs do not consult (or participate in) partnerships or assign unrepresentative priorities. NGOs have been accused of damaging the public sector in target countries, such as mismanagement resulting in the breakdown of public healthcare systems.
1179:
865:
Refuge received 180 million dollars of its 207 million dollar budget from federal funding. In recent years, government contracts to non-profits have exploded both in number and size. The Budget for the Office of
Refugee Resettlement has increased from 1.8 billion in 2018 to 6.3 billion in 2022. Critics point to the million-dollar salaries of CEOS and the use of funds for "music therapy" and "pet therapy" as a worrying sign that the money might not be appropriated to help the migrant crisis, but rather as a political move to keep wealthy backers loyal.
29:
1170:
with the larger valuation need not be optimal when the public good is partially excludable, when both NGO and government may be indispensable, or when the NGO and the government have different bargaining powers. Moreover, the investment technology can matter for the optimal ownership structure when there are bargaining frictions, when the parties interact repeatedly or when the parties are asymmetrically informed.
896:'s Center for Social Innovation have shown that rating agencies create incentives for NGOs to lower (and hide) overhead costs, which may reduce organizational effectiveness by starving organizations of infrastructure to deliver services. An alternative rating system would provide, in addition to financial data, a qualitative evaluation of an organization's transparency and governance:
1008:. The rise and fall of international NGOs matches contemporary events, waxing in periods of growth and waning in times of crisis. The United Nations gave non-governmental organizations observer status at its assemblies and some meetings. According to the UN, an NGO is a private, not-for-profit organization which is independent of government control and is not merely an opposition
722:
welfare. Operational NGOs may be subdivided into relief or development organizations, service-delivery or participatory, religious or secular, and public or private. Although operational NGOs may be community-based, many are national or international. The defining activity of an operational NGO is the implementation of projects.
1408:
They have been questioned as "too much of a good thing". Eric Werker and Faisal Ahmed made three critiques of NGOs in developing nations. Too many NGOs in a nation (particularly one ruled by a warlord) reduces an NGO's influence, since it can easily be replaced by another NGO. Resource allocation and
923:
citizens from ethnic cleansing, genocide, and crimes against humanity. After that report, the
Canadian government launched its Responsibility to Protect (R2P) project outlining the issue of humanitarian intervention. The R2P project has wide applications, and among its more controversial has been the
864:
In
America, government funding of NGOs relating to immigration is common, and is one of the stated methods the Office of Refugee Resettlement uses to help integrate immigrants to America. Government funding sometimes accounts for the vast majority of overall funding for these NGOs, for example Global
652:
NGOs also play a critical role in driving change by advocating for policies and practices that benefit disadvantaged communities. They often work in partnership with other organizations, including government agencies, to address complex challenges that require a collaborative approach. One of the key
1169:
Specifically, even when the government is the key investor, ownership by an NGO is optimal if and only if the NGO has a larger valuation of the project than the government. However, the general validity of this argument has been questioned by follow-up research. In particular, ownership by the party
1393:
in 2007, saying that NGOs "are formally independent but they are purposefully financed and therefore under control". According to
Michael Bond, "Most large NGOs, such as Oxfam, the Red Cross, Cafod and ActionAid, are striving to make their aid provision more sustainable. But some, mostly in the US,
1237:
and former policymakers or analysts. It aims to help policymakers and policy analysts reach a common solution through unofficial discussions. Unlike official diplomacy, conducted by government officials, diplomats, and elected leaders, Track II diplomacy involves experts, scientists, professors and
876:
is the amount of money spent on running an NGO, rather than on projects. It includes office expenses, salaries, and banking and bookkeeping costs. An NGO's percentage of its overall budget spent on overhead is often used to judge it; less than four percent is considered good. According to the World
1210:
Service-delivery NGOs provide public goods and services which governments of developing countries are unable to provide due to a lack of resources. They may be contractors or collaborate with government agencies to reduce the cost of public goods. Capacity-building NGOs affect "culture, structure,
648:
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a vital role in improving the lives of people who have been affected by natural disasters or are facing other challenges. NGOs can act as implementers, catalysts, and partners to provide essential goods and services to those in need. They work to mobilize
1433:
The scale and variety of activities in which NGOs participate have grown rapidly since 1980, and particularly since 1990. NGOs need to balance centralization and decentralization. Centralizing NGOs, particularly at the international level, can assign a common theme or set of goals. It may also be
1418:
article, "To put the point starkly: are the citizens of countries of the South and their needs represented in global civil society, or are citizens as well as their needs constructed by practices of representation? And when we realize that INGOs hardly ever come face to face with the people whose
733:
or campaigning NGOs seek to "achieve large-scale change promoted indirectly through the influence of the political system". They require an active, efficient group of professional members who can keep supporters informed and motivated. Campaigning NGOs must plan and host demonstrations and events
1214:
Advocacy and public-education NGOs aim to modify behavior and ideas through communication, crafting messages to promote social, political, or environmental changes (and as news organisations have cut foreign bureaux, many NGOs have begun to expand into news reporting). Movement NGOs mobilize the
721:
structure; their headquarters are staffed by professionals who plan projects, create budgets, keep accounts, and report to and communicate with operational fieldworkers on projects. They are most often associated with the delivery of services or environmental issues, emergency relief, and public
1422:
An NGO's funding affects its legitimacy, and they have become increasingly dependent on a limited number of donors. Competition for funds has increased, in addition to the expectations of donors who may add conditions threatening an NGO's independence. Dependence on official aid may dilute "the
1161:
theory. According to this theory, not every detail of a relationship between decision makers can be contractually specified. Hence, in the future, the parties will bargain with each other to adapt their relationship to changing circumstances. Ownership matters because it determines the parties'
1281:
NGOs often work in complex environments, where multiple stakeholders have different interests and goals. Diplomacy allows NGOs to navigate these complex environments and engage in constructive dialogue with different actors to promote understanding, build consensus, and facilitate cooperation.
1301:
has criticised NGOs in two essays: "Silences in NGO discourse: The role and future of NGOs in Africa" and "Reflections on NGOs in
Tanzania: What we are, what we are not and what we ought to be". Shivji writes that despite the good intentions of NGO leaders and activists, he is critical of the
1285:
Effective NGO diplomacy involves building trust, fostering dialogue, and promoting transparency and accountability. NGOs may engage in diplomacy through various means such as including advocacy, lobbying, partnerships, and negotiations. By working collaboratively with other organizations and
852:
Government funding of NGOs is controversial, since "the whole point of humanitarian intervention was precise that NGOs and civil society had both a right and an obligation to respond with acts of aid and solidarity to people in need or being subjected to repression or want by the forces that
186:
Russia had about 277,000 NGOs in 2008. India is estimated to have had about 2 million NGOs in 2009 (approximately one per 600 Indians), many more than the number of the country's primary schools and health centers. The United States, by comparison, has approximately 1.5 million NGOs.
1222:, more NGOs in developed countries have pursued international outreach. By being involved in local and national social resistance, they have influenced domestic policy change in the developing world. Specialized NGOs have forged partnerships, built networks, and found policy niches.
945:
established an
International Health Division of Force Health Protection & Readiness. Part of International Health's mission is to communicate with NGOs about areas of mutual interest. Department of Defense Directive 3000.05, in 2005, required the US Defense Department to regard
1434:
advantageous to decentralize an NGO, increasing its chances of responding flexibly and effectively to local issues by implementing projects which are modest in scale, easily monitored, produce immediate benefits, and where all involved know that corruption would be punished.
817:
NGOs are usually funded by donations, but some avoid formal funding and are run by volunteers. NGOs may have charitable status, or may be tax-exempt in recognition of their social purposes. Others may be fronts for political, religious, or other interests. Since the end of
1138:
4675:, "Dilemmas facing INGOs in coalition-occupied Iraq", in Ethics in Action: The Ethical Challenges of International Human Rights Nongovernmental Organizations, edited by Daniel A. Bell and Jean-Marc Coicaud, Cambridge Univ. and United Nations Univ. Press, 2007.
1277:
In the context of NGOs (Non-Governmental
Organizations), diplomacy refers to the practice of building and maintaining partnerships with other organizations, stakeholders, and governments to achieve common objectives related to social or environmental issues.
653:
strengths of NGOs is their ability to work at the grassroots level and to connect with communities directly. This allows them to gain a deep understanding of the issues facing people and to tailor their services to meet the specific needs of each community.
285:
Empowerment β aim to help poor people to understand the social, political, and economic factors affecting their lives, and to increase awareness of their power to control their lives. With maximum involvement by the beneficiaries, the NGOs are
1401:, there had been "a tendency among our critics to say that science is the only decision-making tool ... but political and commercial interests are using science as a cover for getting their way." Former policy-maker for the German branch of
1480:
1409:
outsourcing to local organizations in international-development projects incurs expenses for an NGO, lessening the resources and money available to the intended beneficiaries. NGO missions tend to be paternalistic, as well as expensive.
1330:
wrote: "For all their strengths, NGOs are special interests. The best of them ... often suffer from tunnel vision, judging every public act by how it affects their particular interest". NGOs are unencumbered by policy trade-offs.
802:
On average, employees in NGOs earn 11-12% less compared to employees of for-profit organizations and government workers with the same number of qualifications . However, in many cases NGOs employees receive more fringe benefits.
4446:
Edwards, M. and Hulme, D. (2002) NGO Performance and
Accountability: Introduction and Overview. "In Edwards, M. and Hulme, D., ed. 2002." The Earthscan Reader on NGO Management. UK: Earthscan Publications Ltd. Chapter
3900:
749:
in order to meet their goals, and use sophisticated public-relations campaigns to raise funds and deal with governments. Interest groups may be politically important, influencing social and political outcomes. A
1849:
1082:, attended by about 2,400 representatives, was the first to demonstrate the power of international NGOs in environmental issues and sustainable development. Transnational NGO networking has become extensive.
1374:) have refused to work with NGOs, concerned that doing so would compromise their autonomy. NGOs have been accused of weakening people by allowing their funders to prioritize stability over social justice.
203:, improving the welfare of the disadvantaged, or representing a corporate agenda. Their goals cover a wide range of issues. They may fund local NGOs, institutions and projects, and implement projects.
2618:
1342:, championed the NGO as an alternative to the state, leaving intact global and regional relations of power and production." NGOs have been accused of preserving imperialism (sometimes operating in a
1166:
has shown that the party with the more important investment task should be owner. Yet, Besley and Ghatak have argued that in the context of public projects the investment technology does not matter.
126:
in 1945. While there is no fixed or formal definition for what NGOs are, they are generally defined as nonprofit entities that are independent of governmental influenceβalthough they may receive
2447:
698:
NGOs may also conduct both activities: operational NGOs will use campaigning techniques if they face issues in the field, which could be remedied by policy change, and campaigning NGOs (such as
1191:
Today we celebrate the World NGO Day, we celebrate the key civil society's contribution to public space and their unique ability to give voice to those who would have went otherwise unheard.
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typically allows 37 percent. A high percentage of overhead relative to total expenditures can make it more difficult to generate funds. High overhead costs may also generate public criticism.
958:
and USAID have difficulty operating. International Health cultivates collaborative, arm's-length relationships with NGOs, recognizing their independence, expertise, and honest-broker status.
676:
provide specialized technical products and services to support development activities implemented on the ground by other organizations. Management techniques are crucial to project success.
4292:
60:
2415:
4701:
4116:
1946:
737:
Campaigning NGOs often deal with issues related to human rights, women's rights, and children's rights, and their primary purpose is to defend (or promote) a specific cause.
4725:
Eugene Fram & Vicki Brown, How Using the
Corporate Model Makes a Nonprofit Board More Effective & Efficient β Third Edition (2011), Amazon Books, Create Space Books.
3904:
1385:
They have been accused of being designed by, and used as extensions of, the foreign-policy instruments of some
Western countries and groups of countries. Russian president
3718:
1871:
713:
seek to "achieve small-scale change directly through projects", mobilizing financial resources, materials, and volunteers to create local programs. They hold large-scale
2524:
4243:
329:
3926:
3197:
Boli, J. and Thomas, G. M. (1997) World Culture in the World Polity: A century of International Non-Governmental Organization. American Sociological Review. pp. 177
4528:
878:
1000:(ECOSOC) on February 27, 1950, as "any international organization that is not founded by an international treaty". The role of NGOs and other "major groups" in
43:), which aims to increase cooperation between European politicians, journalists and representatives of the civic sector and academia with their counterparts in
4549:
Anheier, H. and Themudo, N. (2002) Organisational forms of global civil society: Implications of going global. In: Anheier, H. Glasius, M. Kaldor, M, ed 2002.
4489:
Edwards, M. and Hulme, D. (1996) Too Close for comfort? The impact of official aid on Non-Governmental Organisations. "World Development." 24(6), pp. 961β973.
4415:
Weber, N.; Christopherson, T. (2002). "The influence of non-governmental organizations on the creation of Natura 2000 during the European policy process".
4363:
4220:
2836:
4540:
Avina, J. (1993) The Evolutionary Life Cycles if Non-Governmental Development Organisations. "Public Administration and Development." 13(5), pp. 453β474.
3275:
755:
3795:
Mati, Jacob Mwathi; Wu, Fengshi; Edwards, Bob; El Taraboulsi, Sherine N.; Smith, David H. (2016). "Social Movements and Activist-Protest Volunteering".
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2451:
1464:
572:
520:
134:
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Workers from an NGO participating in local community work - some critics allege that NGOs prioritize their special interests over community wellbeing.
3827:{Keck, Margaret, and Kathryn Sikkink, 1998. Activists beyond borders: Advocacy networks in international politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.}
939:
669:
183:, or development; and (2) level of operation, which indicates the scale at which an organization works: local, regional, national, or international.
523:β often used derogatorily, these are government-backed NGOs that are set up to advocate on behalf of a repressive regime on the international stage.
633:β coined during the 1970s due to the increase of environmental and economic issues in the global community. TNGOs exist in two (or more) countries.
1423:
willingness of NGOs to speak out on issues which are unpopular with governments", and changes in NGO funding sources have altered their function.
4734:
Jens Steffek and Kristina Hahn (2010): Evaluating Transnational NGOs: Legitimacy, Accountability, Representation. New York: Palgrave, Macmillan.
4345:
2906:
2559:
1799:" (fact sheet). 20 January 2017. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. U.S. Department of State. state.gov. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
775:. Although many NGOs use international staff in developing countries, others rely on local employees or volunteers. Foreign staff may satisfy a
4681:, "NGO Involvement in International Human Rights Monitoring, International Human Rights Law and Non-Governmental Organizations" (2005) 41β69.
4626:
1419:
interests and problems they represent, or that they are not accountable to the people they represent, matters become even more troublesome."
857:, do not accept funding from governments or intergovernmental organizations. The 1999 budget of the American Association of Retired Persons (
3151:"Agenda 21 β Chapter 27: Strengthening the Role of Non-governmental Organizations: Partners for Sustainable Development, Earth Summit, 1992"
5120:
4663:
4648:
Steve W. Witt, ed. Changing Roles of NGOs in the Creation, Storage, and Dissemination of Information in Developing Countries (Saur, 2006).
4302:
2122:
1157:
The question whether a public project should be owned by an NGO or by the government has been studied in economics using the tools of the
3007:
Steve Charnovitz, "Two Centuries of Participation: NGOs and International Governance, Michigan Journal of International Law, Winter 1997.
1901:
1362:"effectively condoned the coup" against an elected government in Haiti and are the "humanitarian face of imperialism". Movements in the
966:
717:
events and may apply to governments and organizations for grants or contracts to raise money for projects. Operational NGOs often have a
690:
advocacy NGOs, whose primary function is to defend or promote a particular cause and who seek to influence the policies and practices of
673:
539:
369:
299:
145:
citizen's group that is organized on a local, national or international level to address issues in support of the public good". The term
2422:
351:
State NGOs β include state-level organizations, associations, and groups. Some state NGOs are guided by national and international NGOs.
5034:
4113:
2949:
1955:
997:
996:
for organizations which are neither governments nor member states. An international NGO was first defined in resolution 288 (X) of the
969:
date back to at least the late 18th century, and there were an estimated 1,083 NGOs by 1914. International NGOs were important to the
5137:
3743:
Roberts, Susan G.; Jones III, John P.; Frohling, Oliver (2005). "NGOs and the Globalization of Managerialism: A Research Framework".
1426:
NGOs have been challenged as not representing the needs of the developing world, diminishing the "Southern voice" and preserving the
1196:
4587:
Watkins; Cotts, Susan; Swidler, Ann; Hannan, Thomas (2012). "Outsourcing Social Transformation: Development NGOs as Organizations".
3878:
2592:
877:
Association of Non-Governmental Organizations, more than 86 percent should be spent on programs (less than 20 percent on overhead).
5205:
4737:
1485:
989:
691:
2148:
1879:
1796:
849:
collected $ 55 million worth of goods in 1998 from the American government. Several EU grants provide funds accessible to NGOs.
5215:
4612:
3983:
3812:
3779:
3068:
3041:
2992:
2846:
2705:
2678:
2651:
2499:
2060:
2788:"Background Information on the Responsibility to Protect β Outreach Programme on the Rwanda Genocide and the United Nations"
2724:, Humanitarian&Development NGOs Domain Blog, The Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations, Harvard University (9 March)
4925:
4910:
4660:
Building collaboration between NGOs and agricultural research iNGOs β Die Gewerkschaften in Guinea wΓ€hrend der Unruhen 2007
4251:
4006:
Pfeiffer, J (2003). "International NGOs and primary health care in Mozambique: the need for a new model of collaboration".
3084:
2734:
2374:
1259:
1015:
The rapid development of the non-governmental sector occurred in Western countries as a result of the restructuring of the
1651:
229:
level of operation, which indicates the scale at which an organization works: local, regional, national, or international.
4741:
3960:
3934:
1427:
1371:
1146:
783:. The expertise of these employees (or volunteers) may be counterbalanced by several factors, such as ; the cost of
167:
NGOs are classified by (1) orientation- entailing the type of activities an NGO undertakes, such as activities involving
156:(CSO), which is any association founded by citizens. In some countries, NGOs are known as nonprofit organizations while
4514:
Lindenberg, M. and Bryant, C. (2001) Going Global: Transforming Relief and Development NGOs. Bloomfield: Kumarian Press.
3150:
4183:
2026:
5210:
5144:
4799:
4653:
4150:
4083:
3320:
2220:
1414:
1306:
paradigm and not motivated purely by altruism; NGOs want to change the world without understanding it, continuing an
955:
2923:
1246:
World NGO Day, which is observed annually on 27 February, was recognised on 17 April 2010 by 12 countries of the IX
931:
departments to preempt NGO campaigns against corporate practices. Collaboration between corporations and NGOs risks
4197:
1739:
1302:"objective effects of actions, regardless of their intentions". According to Shivji, the rise of NGOs is part of a
333:
1919:
1545:
1412:
Legitimacy, an important asset of an NGO, is its perception as an "independent voice". Neera Chandhoke wrote in a
1397:
NGOs have been accused of using misinformation in their campaigns out of self-interest. According to Doug Parr of
2809:
2131:
Are expatriate staff necessary in international development NGOs? A case study of an international NGO in Uganda.
1183:
928:
834:
530:
4398:
664:, concerned with poverty alleviation, may provide needy people with the equipment and skills to obtain food and
5220:
5132:
4765:"Video speech β Helen Clark, Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) on World NGO Day"
4645:
Terje Tvedt, 19982/2003: Angels of Mercy or Development Diplomats. NGOs & Foreign Aid, Oxford: James Currey
4228:
2852:
2389:
1771:
1139:
European Convention on the Recognition of the Legal Personality of International Non-Governmental Organisations
108:
3244:
4042:
1263:
315:
243:
123:
4266:
3879:"Resolution of the IX Baltic Sea NGO Forum to the 8th Summit of the Baltic Sea States due on 1-2 June 2010"
2787:
1841:
978:
402:
119:
40:
4728:
David Lewis and Nazneen Kanji (2009): Non-Governmental Organizations and Development. New York: Routledge.
3641:
3584:
298:β a voluntary association or union of people with common interests including spots, culture, others, i.e.
4166:
2106:
1350:
countries), with a function similar to that of the clergy during the colonial era. Political philosopher
687:
operational NGOs, whose primary function is the design and implementation of development-related projects
598:
4731:
Issa G. Shivji (2007): Silence in NGO Discourse: The Role and Future of NGOs in Africa. Nairobi: Fahamu.
4607:
Davies, T. 2014. NGOs: A New History of Transnational Civil Society. New York: Oxford University Press.
2619:"National NGOs Serving as PRs Excluded from the Global Fund's Policy on Percentage-Based Overhead Costs"
39:
addresses the audience at the launch of the "Europe in a suitcase" project by two NGOs (the EGI and the
4961:
1470:
1390:
1094:
846:
699:
649:
resources, both financial and human, to ensure that aid is delivered in a timely and effective manner.
630:
504:
413:(NSAs). Numerous variations exist for the NGO acronym, either due to language, region, or specificity.
271:
104:
2473:
2355:, Gawin, Dariusz & Glinski, Piotr : "Civil Society in the Making", IFiS Publishers, Warsaw (2006)
1377:
950:, the department has developed a capacity to improve essential services in areas of conflict (such as
853:
controlled them, whatever the governments concerned might think about the matter." Some NGOs, such as
5225:
5009:
4337:
3609:
3488:
3456:
3431:
2875:
2555:
920:
823:
354:
National NGOs β an NGO that exists in only one country. These include national organizations such as
279:
3034:
The Possibilities of Transnational Activism: the Campaign for Disarmament between the Two World Wars
2721:
1116:
1090:
Although NGOs are subject to national laws and practices, four main groups may be found worldwide:
1039:
376:, to religious groups. They may fund local NGOs, institutions and projects, and implement projects.
363:
289:
32:
3177:"1996/31. Consultative relationship between the United Nations and non-governmental organizations"
2697:
Social capital for synergistic partnership : development of poor localities in urban Ethiopia
1814:
Vakil, Anna (December 1997). "Confronting the classification problem: Toward a taxonomy of NGOs".
1023:
of that process occurred after the fall of the communist system, and was an important part of the
4878:
3688:
1750:
1684:
1454:
1443:
1405:
Jens Katjek said, "If NGOs want the best for the environment, they have to learn to compromise."
1233:(or dialogue) is transnational coordination by non-official members of the government, including
1163:
1055:
1001:
812:
588:
341:
239:
4618:
Velusamy M. Non-Governmental Organisation, Dominant Publishers & Distribution Ltd, New Delhi
4184:
Building unity in diversity: Social movement activism in the Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
3207:
1703:
1625:
5200:
5127:
4920:
4893:
4688:
Charnovitz, Steve (1997). "Two Centuries of Participation: NGOs and International Governance".
4563:
3176:
2119:
1537:
1126:
1111:
795:(an international anti-poverty NGO) employed 174 foreigners and just over 5,000 local staff in
587:. They are prevalent in the United Kingdom (where there are more than 1,200), Ireland, and the
390:
72:
4756:
2695:
2668:
2133:
Publication of the Centre for Civil Society at the London School of Economics. 2002, p. 11-13.
1988:
5014:
4945:
4940:
4792:
3901:"The Week Ahead at the United Nations: the European Perspective (07/14): 17β24 February 2014"
3058:
2982:
2641:
1567:
1098:
837:(CSR) funds and private donations. Although the term "non-governmental organization" implies
319:
115:) in that the latter are more directly involved with sovereign states and their governments.
88:
2956:
2774:
2760:
702:) often have programs which assist individual victims for whom they are trying to advocate.
5090:
2626:
2165:"World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations β Code of Ethics and Conduct for NGOs"
1459:
1402:
1158:
1063:
1024:
788:
474:
Other acronyms that are typically used to describe non-governmental organizations include:
345:
253:
100:
20:
3345:
1721:
8:
4069:
3886:
2581:
2387:
1234:
993:
974:
893:
873:
446:
215:
210:
orientation, i.e. the type of activities an NGO undertakes, such as activities involving
196:
172:
84:
4564:
Norbert GΓΆtz. "Reframing NGOs: The Identity of an International Relations Non-Starter."
4523:, Jenkins, R. (2001) "Corporate Codes of Conduct: Self-Regulation in a Global Economy".
3392:
915:
In a March 2000 report on United Nations reform priorities, former UN Secretary-General
5115:
5100:
5065:
5044:
5019:
4996:
4898:
4832:
4808:
4715:
Why Has the Number of International Non-Governmental Organizations Exploded since 1960?
4388:
3772:
Who's Reporting Africa Now? Non-Governmental Organizations, Journalists, and Multimedia
3669:
3622:
3565:
3536:"Government versus private ownership of public goods: The role of bargaining frictions"
3516:
3469:
3373:
3267:
3131:
2898:
2525:"Report claims nonprofits in Texas, Arizona are making billions off the migrant crisis"
2265:
2238:"A Sectoral Comparison of Wage Levels and Wage Inequality in Human Services Industries"
1230:
1215:
public and coordinate large-scale collective activities to advance an activist agenda.
1199:
1074:, Brazil in January 2005, was attended by representatives of over 1,000 NGOs. The 1992
1059:
947:
888:
A sole focus on overhead, however, can be counterproductive. Research published by the
830:
127:
4600:
4428:
4019:
3797:
The Palgrave Handbook of Volunteering, Civic Participation, and Nonprofit Associations
2076:
1827:
1286:
stakeholders, NGOs can achieve greater impact and reach their goals more effectively.
5159:
5024:
5004:
4935:
4857:
4649:
4621:
Mark Butler, with Thulani Ndlazi, David Ntseng, Graham Philpott, and Nomusa Sokhela.
4608:
4393:
4146:
4139:
4023:
3979:
3860:
3808:
3775:
3673:
3661:
3626:
3614:
3569:
3557:
3508:
3473:
3461:
3412:
3408:
3365:
3326:
3316:
3271:
3135:
3123:
3064:
3037:
2988:
2902:
2842:
2701:
2674:
2647:
2257:
2216:
2145:
2056:
1659:
1601:
1134:
942:
845:'s US$ 162 million 1998 income was donated by the British government and the EU, and
792:
780:
464:
417:
373:
295:
250:. They include NGOs directed at meeting the needs of disadvantaged people and groups.
44:
36:
3689:"When should the government own the physical assets needed to provide public goods?"
3520:
3377:
3148:
5179:
5174:
5164:
4888:
4785:
4596:
4470:
4424:
4378:
4015:
3850:
3800:
3756:
3752:
3700:
3653:
3604:
3596:
3547:
3500:
3451:
3443:
3404:
3357:
3259:
3115:
2890:
2329:
2296:
2269:
2249:
2206:
2198:
1823:
1593:
1162:
willingness to make non-contractible investments. In the context of private firms,
924:
Canadian government's use of R2P to justify its intervention in the coup in Haiti.
746:
455:
437:
386:
275:
219:
176:
142:
5075:
4777:
3704:
3657:
3552:
3535:
3504:
3447:
2388:
Sarah Jane Gilbert; Ramon Casadesus-Masanell; Jordan Mitchell (8 September 2008).
1584:
Claiborne, N (2004). "Presence of social workers in nongovernment organizations".
946:
stability-enhancing activities as equally important as combat. In compliance with
5169:
5110:
5095:
5070:
5049:
4120:
3804:
3293:
3263:
3088:
2366:
2190:
2152:
2126:
1339:
1327:
1322:
1051:
1047:
1009:
889:
826:, particularly in the fields of humanitarian assistance and poverty alleviation.
428:
410:
261:
157:
76:
4323:
Bond, Michael. "The Backlash against NGOs". Prospect, April 2000, pp.321. Print.
2738:
2202:
5149:
4639:
4294:
Speech and the Following Discussion at the Munich Conference on Security Policy
4288:
3903:. United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe. Archived from
3600:
3361:
2353:
Global Non-governmental Administrative System: Geosociology of the Third Sector
1448:
1386:
1351:
1298:
1079:
985:
665:
657:
584:
499:: Environmental NGO β organizations that advocate for the environment, such as
326:, helping them understand their right to services, and providing such services.
138:
80:
4764:
4709:
Akpan S. M (2010): Establishment of Non-Governmental Organizations (In Press).
3956:
2894:
2643:
Nongovernmental organizations in World Bank supported projects : a review
2237:
833:
and services, grants from international institutions or national governments,
583:: Quasi-autonomous NGO β often used derogatorily, these organizations rely on
366:, and similar groups. Some have state or city branches, and assist local NGOs.
5194:
5080:
3665:
3618:
3561:
3512:
3465:
3416:
3369:
3245:"Transfer Agents and Global Networks in the 'Transnationalisation' of Policy"
3154:
3127:
3119:
2450:. Jewish News Weekly of Northern California. 19 December 1999. Archived from
2261:
2253:
1663:
1359:
1343:
1335:
1120:
1031:
1020:
1016:
672:(FFDA) helps provide legal assistance to victims of human-rights abuses. The
608:
488:
394:
323:
151:
3330:
1178:
1145:
in 1986, creating a common legal basis for European NGOs. Article 11 of the
906:
Allowing a rated organization to respond to an evaluation by a rating agency
791:
in the country, and local expertise may be undervalued. By the end of 1995,
195:
NGOs further the social goals of their members (or founders): improving the
28:
5105:
5085:
5029:
4930:
4905:
4867:
4862:
4719:
4714:
4027:
3864:
3103:
1772:"What is an NGO? What role does it play in civil society? | Knowledge base"
1605:
1367:
1363:
1075:
1071:
970:
838:
819:
772:
751:
211:
200:
168:
92:
64:
4475:
4458:
4087:
3855:
3838:
2164:
1597:
4852:
3310:
2927:
1475:
1347:
1307:
1266:
881:
has guidelines of five to seven percent overhead to receive funding; the
784:
714:
292:
257:
247:
161:
96:
4635:
4572:
Norbert GΓΆtz. "Civil Society and NGO: Far from Unproblematic Concepts."
4383:
4205:
3104:"Reframing NGOs: The Identity of an International Relations Non-Starter"
2955:. United States Department of Defense. 16 September 2009. Archived from
2334:
2317:
2301:
2284:
2211:
841:
from governments, many NGOs depend on government funding; one-fourth of
4837:
4678:
4672:
3839:"International Non-Governmental Actors in HIV/AIDS Prevention in China"
1754:
1398:
1314:
1303:
1247:
1142:
1043:
916:
882:
854:
680:
500:
398:
68:
4498:
Ebrahim, A. (2003) "Accountability in practice: Mechanisms for NGOs".
2813:
2393:
1254:, Lithuania. It was internationally recognised on 28 February 2014 in
4684:
Werker & Ahmed (2008): What do Non-Governmental Organizations do?
2775:
The Ratings Game. Evaluating the three groups that rate the Charities
1355:
1107:
1005:
932:
718:
406:
337:
265:
2810:"International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect (ICRtoP)"
91:
that provide services to their members and others. NGOs can also be
5154:
5039:
4976:
4842:
4827:
4114:
Abahlali baseMjondolo, "Rethinking Public Participation from below"
3432:"Nature of human capital, technology and ownership of public goods"
1294:
1255:
1219:
1203:
779:
who wants to see the supported project managed by a person from an
776:
1510:
4981:
4847:
4769:
2876:"Corporations and NGOs: When Accountability Leads to Co-optation"
2236:
Ben-Ner, Avner; Ren, Ting; Paulson, Darla Flint (13 April 2010).
1251:
4966:
4633:
NGOs: Somewhere between Compassion, Profitability and Solidarity
3642:"Optimal ownership of public goods under asymmetric information"
3016:
1538:"Library Guides:Governmental Organizations (NGOs): Introduction"
1149:
protects the right to associate, which is fundamental for NGOs.
149:
is used inconsistently, and is sometimes used synonymously with
4658:
Cox, P. N. Shams, G. C. Jahn, P. Erickson, and P. Hicks. 2002.
4298:
3976:
Silence in NGO discourse: the role and future of NGOs in Africa
1902:"First official estimate: An NGO for every 400 people in India"
1744:
1490:
1103:
1035:
579:
223:
180:
2102:
1354:
has called them an aristocratic form of politics, noting that
903:
Evaluation of feedback mechanisms for donors and beneficiaries
481:: Business-friendly international NGO or Big international NGO
4986:
4971:
3295:
Global Standard NGOs: The Essential Elements of Good Practice
2924:"Force Health Protection & Readiness - December 08, 2006"
1067:
842:
796:
661:
4198:"Ashraf Cassiem: South African Resistance Against Evictions"
3489:"Incomplete contracts and optimal ownership of public goods"
575:(USAID) refers to NGOs as "private voluntary organizations".
4822:
4625:
Church Land Programme, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa 2007
3927:"World NGO Day - International Celebration and Recognition"
2392:. Harvard Business School Working Knowledge. Archived from
1652:"Ship Monitoring Rescues of Migrants Refuses to Be Rescued"
1250:
NGO Forum at the eighth Summit of the Baltic Sea States in
951:
858:
495:
359:
355:
303:
3959:. United Nations Development Programme. 27 February 2014.
3794:
3149:
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development.
3019:
Subcontracting Peace β The Challenges of NGO Peacebuilding
2773:
Lowell, Stephanie, Brian Trelstad, and Bill Meehan. 2005.
2646:(2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: World Bank. p. 21.
2195:
Handbook of Research on Nonprofit Economics and Management
1797:
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in the United States
4586:
4581:
The Politics of Expertise: How NGOs Shaped Modern Britain
4525:
Technology, Business and Society Programme Paper Number 2
3963:
from the original on 12 October 2022 – via YouTube.
3582:
2582:"Code of Ethics & Conduct for NGOs Compliance Manual"
4576:. Bob Reinalda (ed.). Aldershot: Ashgate, 2011. 185β196.
4529:
United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
4141:
Damming the Flood: Haiti and the Politics of Containment
3742:
2700:(1. Aufl. ed.). GΓΆttingen: Cuvillier. p. 153.
2640:
Gibbs, Christopher; Fumo, Claudia; Kuby, Thomas (1999).
1046:
interests. To counterbalance this trend, NGOs emphasize
4167:
Peter Hallward responds to BBC Radio 4 program on Haiti
1948:
Guide to Nongovernmental Organizations for the Military
919:
favored international humanitarian intervention as the
879:
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
771:
Some NGOs rely on paid staff while others are based on
1394:
are still exporting the ideologies of their backers."
1238:
other figures who are not part of government affairs.
984:
The term became popular with the 1945 founding of the
4297:(Speech). 43rd Munich Conference on Security Policy.
4265:
Topping, Alexandra; Elder, Miriam (19 January 2012).
3719:"Statement on the occasion of the World NGO Day 2017"
3583:
Halonen-Akatwijuka, Maija; Pafilis, Evagelos (2020).
3346:"Government Versus Private Ownership of Public Goods"
2735:"The Pros and Cons of Financial Efficiency Standards"
2408:
1125:
Entities formed (or registered) under special NGO or
829:
Funding sources include membership dues, the sale of
683:
classifies NGO activity into two general categories:
118:
The term as it is used today was first introduced in
4267:"Britain admits 'fake rock' plot to spy on Russians"
2841:. Vancouver, Winnipeg: RED Publishing. p. 120.
1529:
4807:
4666:Research Papers: Issue 03/07, Stadtschlaining 2007
4414:
2673:(1st ed.). Bingley, UK: Emerald. p. 121.
2589:
World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1872:"India: More NGOs, than schools and health centres"
1722:"NGO β meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary"
977:movements, and peaked at the time of the 1932β1934
756:
World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations
734:which will attract media, their defining activity.
571:: Private voluntary development organization β the
4574:The Ashgate Research Companion to Non-State Actors
4138:
4040:
3429:
3298:. Geneva: Lulu: Grant B. Stillman. pp. 13β14.
3060:NGOs: A New History of Transnational Civil Society
2984:NGOs: A New History of Transnational Civil Society
1511:"Europe in a suitcase: Oliver Wardrop Discussions"
1465:Government-organized non-governmental organization
573:United States Agency for International Development
521:Government-organized non-governmental organization
16:Organization, usually created to aid those in need
3390:
3017:Oliver P. Richmond; Henry F. Carey, eds. (2005).
2987:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 23.
2720:Schmitz, Hans Peter and George E. Mitchell 2010.
2390:"HBS Cases: The Value of Environmental Activists"
2235:
2027:"What is an NGO (Non-Governmental Organization)?"
940:Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs
799:and ten developing countries in Africa and Asia.
670:Forum for Fact-finding Documentation and Advocacy
5192:
3799:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 516β538.
3063:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 3.
2838:Canada in Haiti: Waging War on the Poor Majority
1965:
1933:
1070:, Switzerland. The fifth World Social Forum, in
246:effort, with little participation or input from
3589:Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
372:(INGOs) β range from secular agencies, such as
3252:Journal of European Public Policy.austiniskewl
2053:Non-governmental organizations and development
660:, and others conduct programs and activities.
4793:
4186:", Sophie Oldfield and Kristian Stokke, 2004.
4067:Bond, M. (2000) "The Backlash against NGOs".
4001:
3999:
3997:
3995:
2812:. Responsibilitytoprotect.org. Archived from
2639:
2141:
2139:
1173:
405:(SMO), private voluntary organization (PVO),
4264:
4241:
4041:Jessica T. Mathews (JanuaryβFebruary 1997).
3397:Journal of the European Economic Association
3391:Francesconi, Marco; Muthoo, Abhinay (2011).
3343:
2874:Baur, Dorothea; Schmitz, Hans Peter (2012).
2666:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2367:"NG-Uh-O β The trouble with humanitarianism"
2188:
2055:. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. pp. 9β10.
1993:UNESCO Encyclopaedia of Life Support Systems
967:International non-governmental organizations
745:Non-governmental organisations need healthy
4623:NGO Practice and the Possibility of Freedom
4566:European Journal of International Relations
4442:
4440:
4438:
4364:"What Do Nongovernmental Organizations Do?"
4361:
4331:
4329:
3885:. 3sektorius. 17 April 2010. Archived from
3344:Besley, Timothy; Ghatak, Maitreesh (2001).
3108:European Journal of International Relations
2873:
2777:. Stanford Social Innovation Review: 39β45.
2667:Aras, GΓΌler; Crowther, David, eds. (2010).
2364:
2318:"What Do Nongovernmental Organizations Do?"
2315:
2285:"What Do Nongovernmental Organizations Do?"
2282:
2189:Preston, Anne E.; Sacks, Daniel W. (2010).
674:Afghanistan Information Management Services
553:: Non-governmental development organization
300:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
5035:Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis
4800:
4786:
4757:"What is a Non-Governmental Organization?"
4703:Rethinking Public Participation from Below
4687:
4510:
4508:
4357:
4355:
3992:
3085:"Charter of the United Nations: Chapter X"
2834:
2500:"Lutheran Immigration And Refugee Service"
2480:. Administration for children and families
2448:"Poll shows power of AIPAC drops slightly"
2136:
2050:
1989:"What is a Non-Governmental Organization?"
1481:List of active NGOs of national minorities
1202:, commemorating the 2017 World NGO Day in
998:United Nations Economic and Social Council
935:of the weaker partner, typically the NGO.
565:: Party NGO β addressing political matters
67:that generally is formed independent from
19:"NGO" redirects here. For other uses, see
4474:
4456:
4392:
4382:
3893:
3854:
3610:1983/d4ab15e6-27ed-40ce-ae87-62d296e07181
3608:
3551:
3457:1983/9197910f-4a3f-4ff3-8d8a-20a204ec2dda
3455:
3312:Firms, contracts, and financial structure
2950:"Department of Defense Directive 3000.05"
2543:
2347:
2345:
2333:
2300:
2210:
1583:
1503:
1338:, since the 1970s "the World Bank, under
954:) where customary lead agencies like the
910:
639:Youth NGOs - advocacing for youth rights.
4435:
4326:
4218:
4136:
4005:
3393:"Control Rights in Complex Partnerships"
3291:
3223:
2693:
2616:
2242:Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly
1649:
1376:
1177:
927:Large corporations have increased their
692:International governmental organisations
656:NGOs vary by method; some are primarily
27:
4738:Yearbook of International Organizations
4505:
4483:
4362:Werker, Eric; Ahmed, Faisal Z. (2008).
4352:
3686:
3639:
3533:
3486:
3224:Bartlett, Lauren (2005). "NGO Update".
3208:"United Nations: Definitions and Terms"
2316:Werker, Eric; Ahmed, Faisal Z. (2008).
2283:Werker, Eric; Ahmed, Faisal Z. (2008).
2077:"Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)"
1789:
1623:
1486:Category:Non-governmental organizations
380:
318:(CBOs) β popular initiatives which can
164:are sometimes considered NGOs as well.
5193:
4221:"Are NGOs enemies of SA's rural folk?"
3973:
3281:from the original on 16 December 2011.
3056:
3031:
2980:
2835:Engler, Fenton; Yves, Anthony (2005).
2342:
2191:"Nonprofit Wages: Theory and Evidence"
2024:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1702:Karns, Margaret P. (23 October 2023).
1535:
900:An assessment of program effectiveness
278:with local involvement in the form of
135:UN Department of Global Communications
4889:Charitable trust / Registered charity
4781:
4690:Michigan Journal of International Law
4459:"How Global Is Global Civil Society?"
4287:
4195:
3242:
2558:. Funds for NGOs. 18 September 2011.
2109:from the original on 5 February 2022.
2051:Lewis, David; Kanji, Nazneen (2009).
1944:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1766:
1764:
1701:
1225:
822:, NGOs have had an increased role in
309:
4926:Public-benefit nonprofit corporation
4911:Mutual-benefit nonprofit corporation
4335:
4219:Appasamy, Youlendree (3 July 2013).
3769:
3308:
3101:
2562:from the original on 13 January 2014
2556:"Defining certain terms in a budget"
1986:
1685:"Nongovernmental Organization (NGO)"
1619:
1617:
1615:
1260:United Nations Development Programme
393:(NPO), voluntary organization (VO),
206:NGOs can be in the following ways;:
4742:Union of International Associations
2912:from the original on 31 March 2019.
2617:Garmaise, David (24 January 2012).
2381:
2007:
1548:from the original on 26 August 2021
1372:Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
1313:In his study of NGO involvement in
1147:European Convention on Human Rights
740:
13:
4556:
4277:from the original on 3 March 2024.
4196:Crump, Marlon (18 November 2009).
3978:. Oxford, UK: Fahamu. p. 84.
3836:
3585:"Common ownership of public goods"
3430:Halonen-Akatwijuka, Maija (2012).
3350:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
2377:from the original on 5 April 2023.
1802:
1761:
1732:
1650:Horowitz, Jason (11 August 2017).
1630:American Psychological Association
1197:European Commission Vice-President
1152:
1034:increased the importance of NGOs.
787:is typically higher, they have no
282:, tools, land, materials, or labor
14:
5237:
5145:Master of Nonprofit Organizations
4749:
4601:10.1146/annurev-soc-071811-145516
4463:Journal of World-Systems Research
4348:from the original on 5 April 2023
4242:O'Connor, Jenny (15 April 2012).
4084:"Mother Teresa: A Communist View"
3153:. Habitat.igc.org. Archived from
2598:from the original on 1 April 2010
1852:from the original on 4 March 2016
1714:
1695:
1677:
1643:
1612:
1577:
1560:
1415:Journal of World-Systems Research
1389:made that accusation at the 43rd
334:chambers of commerce and industry
75:, and many of them are active in
4543:
4534:
4517:
4492:
4450:
4408:
4371:Journal of Economic Perspectives
4317:
4313:– via President of Russia.
4281:
4258:
3409:10.1111/j.1542-4774.2011.01017.x
2322:Journal of Economic Perspectives
2289:Journal of Economic Perspectives
2146:World Bank Criteria defining NGO
2025:Folger, Jean (18 January 2021).
1954:. pp. 29β30. Archived from
1689:United States Institute of Peace
1241:
1211:projects and daily operations".
1004:was recognized in Chapter 27 of
433:organisation non gouvernementale
420:use the synonymous abbreviation
199:, encouraging the observance of
4809:Charitable giving and practices
4235:
4212:
4189:
4176:
4159:
4130:
4107:
4076:
4061:
4034:
3967:
3949:
3919:
3871:
3830:
3821:
3788:
3763:
3736:
3711:
3680:
3633:
3576:
3527:
3480:
3423:
3384:
3337:
3302:
3285:
3236:
3217:
3200:
3191:
3169:
3142:
3095:
3077:
3050:
3036:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
3032:Davies, Thomas Richard (2007).
3025:
3010:
3001:
2974:
2942:
2916:
2867:
2828:
2802:
2780:
2767:
2753:
2727:
2714:
2687:
2660:
2633:
2610:
2574:
2517:
2492:
2466:
2440:
2358:
2309:
2276:
2229:
2182:
2157:
2113:
2095:
2069:
2044:
1912:
1894:
1864:
1842:"Hobbled NGOs wary of Medvedev"
1834:
1085:
1038:and organizations, such as the
929:corporate social responsibility
835:corporate social responsibility
754:was established in 2002 by the
531:Grassroots Support Organization
109:intergovernmental organizations
5206:Non-governmental organizations
5133:List of charitable foundations
4137:Hallward, Peter (April 2008).
3957:"Helen Clark on World NGO Day"
3933:. 6 March 2014. Archived from
3757:10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.07.004
2670:NGOs and social responsibility
2478:OFFICE OF REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT
1704:"Nongovernmental organization"
1536:Church, Jim (26 August 2021).
705:
442:organizzazione non governativa
233:
103:. NGOs are distinguished from
1:
5216:Political science terminology
4916:Non-governmental organization
4429:10.1016/s1389-9341(01)00070-3
4244:"NGO: The Guise of Innocence"
4020:10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00068-0
4008:Social Science & Medicine
3705:10.1016/j.econlet.2024.111830
3658:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2021.104424
3553:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2015.09.009
3505:10.1016/j.econlet.2012.09.033
3448:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2012.07.005
3102:GΓΆtz, Norbert (1 June 2008).
2737:. 4 June 2016. Archived from
1878:. 7 July 2010. Archived from
1828:10.1016/S0305-750X(97)00098-3
1496:
1264:Prime Minister of New Zealand
643:
601:β a goal-oriented designation
460:organizaciΓ³n no gubernamental
316:Community-based organizations
256:β includes NGOs that provide
53:non-governmental organization
4579:Hilton, Matthew et al. eds.
4336:Bond, Michael (April 2000),
3805:10.1007/978-1-137-26317-9_25
3687:Schmitz, Patrick W. (2024).
3640:Schmitz, Patrick W. (2021).
3534:Schmitz, Patrick W. (2015).
3487:Schmitz, Patrick W. (2013).
3264:10.1080/13501760410001694291
2421:. Greenpeace. Archived from
2365:David Rieff (10 June 2010).
1289:
1272:
1062:, a rival convention of the
979:World Disarmament Conference
761:
469:organizaΘie neguvernamentalΔ
451:organização não governmental
403:social movement organization
41:Friedrich Naumann Foundation
7:
4712:Edward A. L. Turner (2010)
4706:, 'Critical Dialogue', 2006
4417:Forest Policy and Economics
4338:"The Backlash against NGOs"
3751:(11). Great Britain: 1846.
3646:Journal of Public Economics
3540:Journal of Public Economics
3436:Journal of Public Economics
3315:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
3292:Stillman, Grant B. (2007).
2203:10.4337/9781849803526.00017
1437:
868:
766:
725:
599:Social benefit organization
10:
5242:
5086:Charity / thrift / op shop
4962:Charity (Christian virtue)
4759:. City University, London.
4589:Annual Review of Sociology
3601:10.1016/j.jebo.2020.10.002
3362:10.1162/003355301753265598
2883:Journal of Business Ethics
1471:International organization
1391:Munich Security Conference
1174:Influence on world affairs
961:
861:) was over $ 540 million.
847:World Vision United States
810:
806:
700:human-rights organizations
623:: Technical assistance NGO
18:
5058:
5010:Animal Charity Evaluators
4995:
4954:
4876:
4815:
4457:Chandhoke, Neera (2005).
4301:, Germany. Archived from
4102:Australian Marxist Review
3883:Baltic Sea NGO Forum 2010
2895:10.1007/s10551-011-1057-9
2761:"The Ratings Game (SSIR)"
2694:Kassahun, Samson (2004).
1262:administrator and former
921:responsibility to protect
824:international development
364:professional associations
5211:Non-profit organizations
3974:Shivji, Issa G. (2007).
3309:Hart, Oliver D. (1995).
3120:10.1177/1354066108089242
2722:Navigating Effectiveness
2254:10.1177/0899764010365012
1995:. City University London
1920:"US Department of State"
1726:dictionary.cambridge.org
1708:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1515:Europe-Georgia Institute
1117:Not-for-profit companies
1040:World Trade Organization
990:Chapter X of its charter
409:organization (SHO), and
190:
83:; they can also include
33:Europe-Georgia Institute
4049:(January/February 1997)
3057:Davies, Thomas (2014).
2981:Davies, Thomas (2014).
2125:11 October 2009 at the
1751:Oxford University Press
1624:Leverty, Sally (2008).
1542:guides.lib.berkeley.edu
1455:Charitable organization
1444:Foreign funding of NGOs
1056:sustainable development
1002:sustainable development
988:in 1945; Article 71 in
813:Foreign funding of NGOs
346:community organizations
340:of business, ethnic or
330:City-wide organizations
320:raise the consciousness
124:United Nations' Charter
5128:Ethics of philanthropy
5121:Psychological barriers
4921:Nonprofit organization
4700:Abahlali baseMjondolo
4568:14 (2008) 2: 231β258.
3774:. Oxford: Peter Lang.
3021:. Ashgate. p. 21.
1626:"NGOs, the UN and APA"
1382:
1193:
1186:
1182:World NGO Day 2014 in
1159:incomplete contracting
1036:International treaties
911:Monitoring and control
789:grassroots connections
781:industrialized country
468:
459:
450:
441:
432:
391:nonprofit organization
385:Similar terms include
48:
5221:Types of organization
4946:Voluntary association
4941:Religious corporation
4476:10.5195/JWSR.2005.388
4231:on 22 September 2013.
4119:22 March 2010 at the
3856:10.1038/sj.cr.7290369
3770:Kate, Wright (2018).
3438:. Fiscal Federalism.
3243:Stone, Diane (2004).
2629:on 27 September 2013.
1747:UK English Dictionary
1380:
1235:epistemic communities
1218:Since the end of the
1189:
1181:
1099:voluntary association
1066:held each January in
547:: Market advocacy NGO
513:: Donor-organized NGO
71:. They are typically
31:
5091:Click-to-donate site
4955:Charity and religion
4642:Envio, Managua, 2001
4291:(10 February 2007).
4208:on 7 September 2012.
4104:, No. 40 August 1998
3907:on 16 September 2016
3889:on 20 December 2016.
3837:Wu, Fengshi (2005).
2474:"GENERAL BACKGROUND"
2454:on 30 September 2007
2151:21 June 2007 at the
1945:Lawry, Lynn (2009).
1572:Macmillan Dictionary
1460:Community foundation
1403:Friends of the Earth
1297:author and academic
1064:World Economic Forum
1058:. An example is the
1025:Washington Consensus
397:organization (CSO),
389:organization (TSO),
381:Other terms/acronyms
122:of the newly formed
101:World Economic Forum
61:spelling differences
21:NGO (disambiguation)
4502:31(5), pp. 813β829.
4384:10.1257/jep.22.2.73
3157:on 17 February 2003
2428:on 30 December 2009
2335:10.1257/jep.22.2.73
2302:10.1257/jep.22.2.73
2105:. 29 January 2022.
2083:. 25 September 2017
1598:10.1093/sw/49.2.207
1048:humanitarian issues
994:consultative status
894:Stanford University
617:: Southern (UK) NGO
559:: Northern (UK) NGO
401:organization (GO),
216:consumer protection
197:natural environment
173:consumer protection
5116:Effective altruism
5101:Donor-advised fund
5066:Alternative giving
5045:Giving What We Can
5020:Charity assessment
4997:Charity evaluation
4833:Charity (practice)
4740:, produced by the
4631:Olivier Berthoud,
4173:, 11 January 2011.
3849:(11β12): 919β922.
3226:Human Rights Brief
2962:on 15 October 2010
2930:on 8 December 2006
2416:"08 Annual Report"
2396:on 10 October 2009
1906:The Indian Express
1656:The New York Times
1428:NorthβSouth divide
1383:
1231:Track II diplomacy
1226:Track II diplomacy
1200:Federica Mogherini
1187:
1060:World Social Forum
1030:Twentieth-century
938:In December 2007,
370:International NGOs
310:Level of operation
276:self-help projects
128:government funding
73:nonprofit entities
49:
5188:
5187:
5160:Visiting the sick
5025:Charity Navigator
5005:Aid effectiveness
4936:Social enterprise
4858:Humanity (virtue)
4613:978-0-19-938753-3
4500:World Development
4404:on 4 August 2020.
4145:. London: Verso.
4125:Critical Dialogue
4100:, Vijay Prashad,
3985:978-0-9545637-5-2
3814:978-1-137-26316-2
3781:978-1-4331-5106-4
3745:World Development
3693:Economics Letters
3493:Economics Letters
3091:on 22 March 2004.
3070:978-0-19-938753-3
3043:978-90-04-16258-7
2994:978-0-19-938753-3
2855:on 6 October 2011
2848:978-1-55266-168-0
2707:978-3-86537-222-2
2680:978-0-85724-295-2
2653:978-0-8213-4456-9
2129:, Mukasa, Sarah.
2062:978-0-203-87707-4
1987:Willetts, Peter.
1882:on 25 August 2011
1822:(12): 2057β2070.
1816:World Development
1517:. 29 October 2019
1135:Council of Europe
948:international law
943:S. Ward Casscells
793:Concern Worldwide
631:Transnational NGO
540:International NGO
418:Romance languages
374:Save the Children
226:, or development.
158:political parties
133:According to the
37:George Melashvili
5233:
5226:1940s neologisms
5180:Warm-glow giving
5175:Wall of kindness
5165:Voluntary sector
4802:
4795:
4788:
4779:
4778:
4774:
4760:
4697:
4669:
4627:Churchland.co.za
4604:
4550:
4547:
4541:
4538:
4532:
4521:
4515:
4512:
4503:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4454:
4448:
4444:
4433:
4432:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4397:. Archived from
4396:
4386:
4368:
4359:
4350:
4349:
4333:
4324:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4250:. Archived from
4248:New Left Project
4239:
4233:
4232:
4227:. Archived from
4216:
4210:
4209:
4204:. Archived from
4193:
4187:
4180:
4174:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4144:
4134:
4128:
4111:
4105:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4086:. Archived from
4080:
4074:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4003:
3990:
3989:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3937:on 5 August 2016
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3858:
3834:
3828:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3612:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3555:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3459:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3356:(4): 1343β1372.
3341:
3335:
3334:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3249:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3087:. Archived from
3081:
3075:
3074:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3014:
3008:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2961:
2954:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2926:. Archived from
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2880:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2851:. Archived from
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2784:
2778:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2741:on 26 April 2013
2731:
2725:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2625:. Archived from
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2597:
2586:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2552:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2427:
2420:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2371:The New Republic
2362:
2356:
2349:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2214:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2161:
2155:
2143:
2134:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2022:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1984:
1963:
1962:
1961:on 30 July 2013.
1960:
1953:
1942:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1811:
1800:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1757:on 5 March 2020.
1753:. Archived from
1736:
1730:
1729:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1621:
1610:
1609:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1507:
1451:(interest group)
1206:
975:women's suffrage
956:State Department
747:public relations
741:Public relations
711:Operational NGOs
411:non-state actors
220:environmentalism
177:environmentalism
5241:
5240:
5236:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5184:
5170:Volunteer grant
5111:Earning to give
5071:Benefit concert
5054:
5050:GreatNonprofits
4991:
4950:
4880:
4872:
4811:
4806:
4763:
4755:
4752:
4747:
4667:
4559:
4557:Further reading
4554:
4553:
4548:
4544:
4539:
4535:
4522:
4518:
4513:
4506:
4497:
4493:
4488:
4484:
4455:
4451:
4445:
4436:
4413:
4409:
4401:
4366:
4360:
4353:
4344:, p. 323,
4334:
4327:
4322:
4318:
4308:
4306:
4305:on 9 March 2012
4289:Putin, Vladimir
4286:
4282:
4263:
4259:
4240:
4236:
4217:
4213:
4194:
4190:
4181:
4177:
4164:
4160:
4153:
4135:
4131:
4121:Wayback Machine
4112:
4108:
4093:
4091:
4090:on 24 July 2008
4082:
4081:
4077:
4066:
4062:
4052:
4050:
4047:Foreign Affairs
4039:
4035:
4004:
3993:
3986:
3972:
3968:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3940:
3938:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3910:
3908:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3835:
3831:
3826:
3822:
3815:
3793:
3789:
3782:
3768:
3764:
3741:
3737:
3727:
3725:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3685:
3681:
3638:
3634:
3581:
3577:
3532:
3528:
3485:
3481:
3442:(11): 939β945.
3428:
3424:
3389:
3385:
3342:
3338:
3323:
3307:
3303:
3290:
3286:
3278:
3247:
3241:
3237:
3222:
3218:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3182:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3160:
3158:
3147:
3143:
3100:
3096:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3071:
3055:
3051:
3044:
3030:
3026:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2995:
2979:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2909:
2878:
2872:
2868:
2858:
2856:
2849:
2833:
2829:
2819:
2817:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2772:
2768:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2665:
2661:
2654:
2638:
2634:
2615:
2611:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2554:
2553:
2544:
2534:
2532:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2481:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2397:
2386:
2382:
2363:
2359:
2350:
2343:
2314:
2310:
2281:
2277:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2187:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2153:Wayback Machine
2144:
2137:
2127:Wayback Machine
2118:
2114:
2103:"NGO in Kanpur"
2101:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2023:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1985:
1966:
1958:
1951:
1943:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1885:
1883:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1846:Chicago Tribune
1840:
1839:
1835:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1776:Candid Learning
1770:
1769:
1762:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1700:
1696:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1648:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1622:
1613:
1582:
1578:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1440:
1340:Robert McNamara
1328:Jessica Mathews
1323:Foreign Affairs
1292:
1275:
1244:
1228:
1208:
1195:
1176:
1155:
1153:Economic theory
1088:
1052:development aid
1010:political party
964:
913:
890:Urban Institute
871:
815:
809:
769:
764:
743:
728:
708:
658:advocacy groups
646:
424:; for example:
383:
312:
262:family planning
236:
193:
137:, an NGO is "a
81:social sciences
77:humanitarianism
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5239:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5150:Matching funds
5147:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5130:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5062:
5060:
5059:Further topics
5056:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5001:
4999:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4891:
4885:
4883:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4812:
4805:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4761:
4751:
4750:External links
4748:
4746:
4745:
4735:
4732:
4729:
4726:
4723:
4710:
4707:
4698:
4685:
4682:
4676:
4670:
4656:
4646:
4643:
4629:
4619:
4616:
4605:
4584:
4577:
4570:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4542:
4533:
4516:
4504:
4491:
4482:
4469:(2): 326β327.
4449:
4434:
4407:
4351:
4325:
4316:
4280:
4257:
4254:on 5 May 2014.
4234:
4225:Grocott's Mail
4211:
4188:
4175:
4158:
4151:
4129:
4106:
4075:
4060:
4033:
4014:(4): 725β738.
3991:
3984:
3966:
3948:
3918:
3892:
3870:
3829:
3820:
3813:
3787:
3780:
3762:
3735:
3723:eeas.europa.eu
3710:
3679:
3632:
3575:
3526:
3479:
3422:
3403:(3): 551β589.
3383:
3336:
3321:
3301:
3284:
3258:(3): 545β566.
3235:
3216:
3199:
3190:
3168:
3141:
3114:(2): 231β258.
3094:
3076:
3069:
3049:
3042:
3024:
3009:
3000:
2993:
2973:
2941:
2915:
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2120:100 LSE.ac.uk
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1352:Peter Hallward
1310:relationship.
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