448:
1444:
The third type is known as the "permanent" adjectival noun and has an adjective that stands alone as a noun. Such adjectives have become nouns over time, and most speakers are aware of their implicit adjectival meaning. For example, «прилагательное» (lit. "something, that apply something else") — the
1440:
The content-specific use of adjectival nouns also occurs in the second type in which nouns can be deleted, or assumed, in colloquial expressions. For example, in
Russian, one might say «встречный» "oncoming" to refer to: 1) «встречный ветер» — headwind; 2) «встречный поезд» — train coming from the
1436:
The first type occurs in the specific context within a sentence or phrase and refers to the original noun that it describes. For example, in the sentence "Tall trees are older than short" the adjective "short" has become a noun and is assumed to mean "the short ones". Such a derivation is
1421:
Of all Slavic languages, Russian is the one that uses the attributive nouns the most. When the adjective is nominalized, the adjectival inflection alone expresses case, number and gender, and the noun is omitted. For example, the
Russian phrase «приёмная комната»
874:
increased (phrases such as "the large" were replaced by those of the type "the large one"). In most other languages, there is no comparable prop-word, and nominalized adjectives, which in many cases retain inflectional endings, have remained more common.
1292:
Ancient Greek uses nominalized adjectives without a "dummy" or generic noun like
English "one(s)" or "thing(s)". The adjective that modifies the noun carries information about gender, number and case and so can entirely replace the noun.
1046:
823:
843:
2298:
1037:, which incorporates the number and the gender of the noun, allows Swedish to avoid the need for a visible noun to describe a noun. That is also true in inflecting adjectival nouns.
1091:
524:
The most common appearance of the nominalized adjective in
English is when an adjective is used to indicate a collective group. This happens in the case where a phrase such as
1414:(or zero derivation) process of an adjective becoming a noun is the only type of conversion that is allowed. The process functions as a critical means of addition to the
822:
793:
Determiners with unvalued φ-features must find a complement with a valued φ-feature to meet semantic comprehension. In the diagrams below, the determiner is
1433:
Many adjectival nouns in
Russian serve to create nouns. Those common forms of nouns are known as "deleted nouns"; and there are three types:
1735:
593:
Another case is when an adjective is used to denote a single object with the property, as in "you take the long route, and I'll take the
842:
475:
892:
change their form for various features, such as case and gender, and so agree with the noun that they modify. The adjective
900:
that carries the morphological and syntactic requirements of the head noun that has been removed: the requirements are the
365:
1029:("the unemployed") and with nationality words ("the Swedish"). However, Swedish does not require "one or ones" with
1728:
1633:
325:
1430:, "reception room"). The adjective "receiving" takes the nominal from "reception" and replaces the noun "room".
1045:
2570:
770:, it is suggested that inflected adjectives are more likely to be nominalized because they have overtly-marked
601:
stands for "the short route". A much more common alternative in the modern language is the structure using the
385:
330:
103:
2388:
360:
51:
1013:
is a similar inflection but in the accusative case. The nominalized adjective is derived from the adjective
2380:
1594:"Minimalist Inquiries: The Framework," Step by Step: Essays on Minimalist Syntax in Honour of Howard Lasnik
305:
171:
2601:
2080:
1899:
1796:
1721:
1411:
640:
425:
131:
1766:
671:
Nominal uses of adjectives have been found to have become less common as the language developed from
468:
415:
315:
141:
2490:
1990:
1415:
320:
263:
78:
2302:
1811:
420:
258:
235:
2065:
2596:
2436:
2263:
2172:
1619:
1458:
867:
As the frequency of nominalized adjective use decreased, the frequency of structures using the
370:
337:
290:
206:
186:
166:
68:
46:
41:
2507:
2398:
2393:
2370:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2162:
2152:
2132:
1925:
1761:
146:
1441:
opposite direction; 3) «встречный план» — counter-plan; 4) «встречный иск» — counter-claim.
683:. The following table shows the frequency of such uses in different stages of the language:
2512:
2446:
2278:
2235:
2137:
2000:
1960:
1517:
783:
608:: "the short one". However, the use of the adjective alone is fairly common in the case of
461:
390:
300:
181:
126:
23:
758:
The decline in the use of adjectives as nouns may be attributed to the loss of adjectival
8:
2293:
2273:
1920:
231:
161:
136:
108:
1713:
2459:
2426:
2352:
2337:
2322:
2312:
2225:
2220:
2210:
2005:
1935:
1930:
1612:
779:
775:
763:
451:
430:
400:
355:
310:
278:
268:
156:
151:
2416:
2342:
2317:
2240:
2105:
2050:
2020:
1980:
829:
447:
295:
273:
216:
2454:
2347:
2327:
2177:
2142:
2060:
1855:
1572:
1454:
860:
The capacity of adjectives to be used as nouns is sometimes exploited in puns like
395:
226:
221:
196:
191:
176:
2362:
2283:
2245:
2230:
2110:
2100:
2015:
2010:
1950:
1816:
1786:
1437:
contextually sensitive to the lexical meaning of the phrase of which it is part.
889:
2544:
2502:
2464:
2366:
2095:
2085:
2075:
1970:
1965:
1945:
1940:
1869:
1744:
680:
676:
644:
617:
497:
240:
2590:
2469:
2421:
2288:
2268:
2147:
2045:
1995:
1975:
1955:
861:
1322:"many women" (Balme & Lawall 2003) or "many things (of feminine gender)"
2558:
2532:
2522:
2495:
2357:
2090:
2055:
2030:
1985:
1806:
1698:
Swan, Oscar (April 1980). "The
Derivation of the Russian Adjectival Noun".
1522:
897:
771:
767:
283:
73:
1577:
1560:
1503:
1492:
1478:
1467:
2215:
2025:
1904:
1865:
1830:
1821:
1242:
Swedish adjectives in definite form do not inflect for gender and number.
1030:
798:
672:
609:
435:
410:
31:
1009:
is inflected for masculine gender, singular number and nominative case.
2575:
2474:
2431:
2408:
2332:
2167:
2070:
2040:
2035:
1889:
1884:
1791:
1781:
1771:
1561:"The Development of Adjectives used as Nouns in the History of English"
1034:
901:
787:
759:
554:
405:
88:
516:
function as nouns denoting people who are rich and poor respectively.
2565:
2527:
2307:
2124:
1879:
1825:
1801:
868:
602:
493:
380:
375:
211:
201:
93:
83:
1614:
Autolexical syntax: A Theory of
Parallel Grammatical Representations
1497:"the big one" (said of a person or thing of masculine gender), from
2554:
2549:
1672:(Second ed.). London and New York: Routledge. pp. 96–102.
1026:
2539:
2255:
1860:
1776:
1472:"things (that are) Islamic", which is derived from the adjective
567:
2517:
2202:
1894:
1874:
1528:
540:
disappears. Other adjectives commonly used in this way include
98:
1017:
and surfaces as it does by taking the appropriate inflection.
1090:
1840:
1753:
501:
1743:
1033:("The old cat is slower than the new (one)"). The use of
1592:
Roger, Martin; Michael, David; Juan, Uriageraka (2000).
1687:(second ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 96.
1025:
Like in
English, adjectival nouns are used as a plural
1191:
1040:
1618:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. p.
1053:
A noun phrase with both the noun and the adjective.
1049:
A noun phrase with both the noun and the adjective.
1611:
2588:
1667:
1591:
1453:Nominalized adjectives occur frequently in both
1554:
1552:
1483:"Islamic" in the inanimate plural inflection.
813:Transformation of adjective to adjectival noun
1729:
1098:A noun phrase with only the adjectival noun.
469:
1605:
1603:
1498:
1487:
1473:
1462:
1401:"the beautiful thing" or "the beautiful one"
1138:
782:), which makes them suitable for use as the
762:throughout Middle English. In line with the
1682:
1585:
1549:
1508:"big" inflected in the masculine singular.
1094:A noun phrase with only the adjectival noun
1736:
1722:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
476:
462:
1600:
1576:
666:
1683:Balme, Maurice; Lawall, Gilbert (2003).
1668:Holmes, Philip; Hinchliffe, Ian (1994).
1558:
1426:, "receiving room") becomes «приёмная» (
1352:"a beautiful thing" or "a beautiful one"
1089:
1044:
989:
970:
940:
921:
896:(old), for example, develops a separate
639:Many adjectives, though, have undergone
628:, etc., and other related words such as
1650:
1389:
1385:
1370:
1366:
1340:
1336:
1306:
1302:
1263:
1259:
1211:
1164:
1111:
1066:
1062:
985:
981:
966:
962:
936:
932:
917:
913:
2589:
1609:
643:so that they can be used regularly as
1717:
1398:the.NEUT.NOM.SG beautiful.NEUT.NOM.SG
1381:
1362:
1332:
1310:
1207:
1175:
1160:
1122:
1107:
878:
1697:
366:Conservative and innovative language
1499:
1488:
1474:
1463:
1192:Use of number and gender inflection
848:Transformed determiner phrase with
797:, and its complement is either the
13:
1535:, alternative historical term for
1041:Standard use of an adjectival noun
14:
2613:
1287:
841:
821:
446:
16:Adjective that is used as a noun
998:the.ACC.SG.MASC old-ACC.SG.MASC
949:the.NOM.SG.MASC old-NOM.SG.MASC
1691:
1676:
1670:Swedish: A compressive grammar
1626:
1236:
1:
1542:
1525:, a noun used as an adjective
804:or the nominalized adjective
536:is nominalized, and the noun
519:
306:Functional discourse grammar
172:Ethnography of communication
7:
1610:Sadock, Jerrold M. (1991).
1511:
1504:
1493:
1479:
1468:
1001:'the old man' (Sadock 1991)
952:'the old man' (Sadock 1991)
836:as an attributive adjective
566:, etc., as well as certain
426:Second-language acquisition
10:
2618:
2571:Syntax–semantics interface
1405:
1020:
104:Syntax–semantics interface
2483:
2445:
2407:
2379:
2254:
2201:
2123:
1913:
1848:
1839:
1752:
1486:Another example would be
1448:
1139:Example of indefinite use
904:endings of the language.
883:
659:(with various meanings),
416:Philosophy of linguistics
316:Interactional linguistics
1991:Exceptional case-marking
1559:Yamamura, Shuto (2010).
852:as nominalized adjective
500:, and is thus used as a
1596:. Cambridge: MIT Press.
1531:, alternative term for
726:Frequency of adjectives
1797:Initial-stress-derived
1461:. An example would be
1459:Modern Standard Arabic
1095:
1050:
667:Historical development
253:Theoretical frameworks
207:Philosophy of language
187:History of linguistics
2308:Inclusive / Exclusive
1578:10.9793/elsj.27.2_344
1533:nominalised adjective
1349:beautiful.NEUT.NOM.SG
1093:
1048:
506:the rich and the poor
490:nominalized adjective
147:Conversation analysis
1518:Collateral adjective
764:Minimalist Framework
391:Internet linguistics
301:Construction grammar
2188:Relative subsective
2081:Regular / Irregular
1926:Andative / Venitive
1762:Abstract / Concrete
1700:Russian Linguistics
1565:English Linguistics
1418:category of nouns.
1131:the.PL.NOM blind-PL
730:(per 100,000 words)
647:; examples include
496:that has undergone
326:Systemic functional
121:Applied linguistics
63:General linguistics
2602:Adjectives by type
1747:and their features
1745:Lexical categories
1634:"Adjectival Nouns"
1424:priyomnaya komnata
1184:the.PL.NOM dead-PL
1096:
1051:
879:In other languages
776:grammatical number
431:Theory of language
401:Origin of language
356:Autonomy of syntax
311:Grammaticalization
157:Discourse analysis
152:Corpus linguistics
2584:
2583:
2389:Casally modulated
2294:Formal / Informal
2183:Pure intersective
2133:Anti-intersective
2119:
2118:
2066:Preterite-present
1250:Feminine singular
830:determiner phrase
756:
755:
508:, the adjectives
486:
485:
274:Distributionalism
217:Psycholinguistics
2609:
2163:Non-intersective
1846:
1845:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1665:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1556:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1455:Classical Arabic
1410:In Russian, the
1391:
1387:
1383:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1265:
1261:
1243:
1240:
1213:
1209:
1177:
1166:
1162:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1124:
1113:
1109:
1068:
1064:
991:
987:
983:
972:
968:
964:
942:
938:
934:
923:
919:
915:
845:
828:Tree diagram of
825:
686:
685:
532:. The adjective
478:
471:
464:
450:
396:LGBT linguistics
386:Internationalism
361:Compositionality
222:Sociolinguistics
197:Neurolinguistics
192:Interlinguistics
177:Ethnomethodology
19:
18:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2479:
2441:
2403:
2375:
2303:Gender-specific
2250:
2197:
2115:
2001:Germanic strong
1909:
1835:
1748:
1742:
1712:
1711:
1696:
1692:
1681:
1677:
1666:
1651:
1642:
1640:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1608:
1601:
1590:
1586:
1557:
1550:
1545:
1514:
1451:
1408:
1403:
1393:
1374:
1354:
1344:
1324:
1319:many.FEM.NOM.PL
1314:
1290:
1285:
1275:
1267:
1252:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1231:the new (thing)
1223:
1215:
1200:
1198:Neuter singular
1194:
1189:
1179:
1168:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1126:
1115:
1088:
1078:
1070:
1043:
1023:
1003:
993:
974:
954:
944:
925:
886:
881:
858:
857:
856:
853:
846:
837:
826:
815:
814:
729:
727:
710:
705:
700:
695:
669:
645:countable nouns
618:ordinal numbers
526:the poor people
522:
482:
441:
440:
351:
343:
342:
254:
246:
245:
241:Writing systems
132:Anthropological
122:
114:
113:
64:
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2615:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2547:
2545:Procedure word
2542:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2503:Complementizer
2500:
2499:
2498:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2451:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2299:Gender-neutral
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2264:Bound variable
2260:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1921:Ambitransitive
1917:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1718:
1710:
1709:
1690:
1675:
1649:
1625:
1599:
1584:
1571:(2): 344–363.
1547:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1526:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1469:al-ʾislāmiyyah
1450:
1447:
1407:
1404:
1375:
1356:
1355:
1326:
1325:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1280:the.F.SG woman
1268:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1234:
1216:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1169:
1154:
1153:
1140:
1137:
1116:
1101:
1100:
1086:a blind person
1083:a.SG.NOM blind
1071:
1056:
1055:
1042:
1039:
1022:
1019:
975:
956:
955:
926:
907:
906:
888:Adjectives in
885:
882:
880:
877:
855:
854:
847:
840:
838:
827:
820:
817:
816:
812:
811:
810:
766:elaborated by
754:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
722:
721:
718:
715:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
681:Modern English
677:Middle English
668:
665:
521:
518:
498:nominalization
484:
483:
481:
480:
473:
466:
458:
455:
454:
443:
442:
439:
438:
433:
428:
423:
421:Prescriptivism
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
352:
349:
348:
345:
344:
341:
340:
335:
334:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
288:
287:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
255:
252:
251:
248:
247:
244:
243:
238:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
123:
120:
119:
116:
115:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
65:
62:
61:
58:
57:
55:
54:
49:
44:
38:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2614:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2597:Nouns by type
2595:
2594:
2592:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2460:Interrogative
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2427:Interrogative
2425:
2423:
2422:Demonstrative
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2371:Prepositional
2368:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2358:Strong / Weak
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:Interrogative
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2269:Demonstrative
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2236:Prepositional
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2226:Interrogative
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2148:Demonstrative
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:Germanic weak
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1996:Frequentative
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1936:Autocausative
1934:
1932:
1931:Anticausative
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1900:Transgressive
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1739:
1734:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1706:(4): 397–404.
1705:
1701:
1694:
1686:
1679:
1671:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1639:
1638:Dartmouth.edu
1635:
1629:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1606:
1604:
1595:
1588:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1548:
1538:
1534:
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1527:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1495:
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1470:
1460:
1456:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1378:
1373:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1299:
1294:
1288:Ancient Greek
1284:
1283:the old woman
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1266:
1256:
1251:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1204:
1199:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1167:
1157:
1147:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1114:
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1099:
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1084:
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1077:
1074:
1069:
1059:
1054:
1047:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1002:
999:
996:
992:
978:
973:
959:
953:
950:
947:
943:
929:
924:
910:
905:
903:
899:
898:lexical entry
895:
891:
876:
873:
870:
865:
863:
862:The poor rich
851:
844:
839:
835:
831:
824:
819:
818:
809:
807:
803:
800:
796:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
731:
728:used as nouns
724:
723:
719:
716:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
691:
688:
687:
684:
682:
678:
674:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
604:
600:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
556:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
479:
474:
472:
467:
465:
460:
459:
457:
456:
453:
449:
445:
444:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
371:Descriptivism
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
353:
347:
346:
339:
338:Structuralism
336:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
321:Prague circle
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
293:
292:
289:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
261:
260:
257:
256:
250:
249:
242:
239:
237:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
167:Documentation
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
142:Computational
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
118:
117:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
70:
67:
66:
60:
59:
53:
50:
48:
45:
43:
40:
39:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
2559:Pro-sentence
2533:Onomatopoeia
2523:Interjection
2496:Measure word
2279:Distributive
2173:Postpositive
2157:
2153:Intersective
2106:Unaccusative
2051:Performative
2021:Intransitive
1981:Ditransitive
1807:Noun adjunct
1703:
1699:
1693:
1684:
1678:
1669:
1641:. Retrieved
1637:
1628:
1613:
1593:
1587:
1568:
1564:
1536:
1532:
1523:Noun adjunct
1485:
1452:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1409:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1379:
1376:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1238:
1230:
1228:the.N.SG new
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1173:
1170:
1158:
1155:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1024:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1000:
997:
994:
979:
976:
960:
957:
951:
948:
945:
930:
927:
911:
908:
902:inflectional
893:
887:
871:
866:
859:
849:
833:
805:
801:
794:
792:
768:Noam Chomsky
757:
725:
689:
670:
660:
656:
652:
648:
638:
633:
629:
625:
621:
613:
610:superlatives
605:
598:
594:
592:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
563:
559:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
523:
513:
509:
505:
489:
487:
284:Glossematics
264:Constituency
236:interpreting
74:Lexicography
2508:Conjunction
2274:Disjunctive
2211:Conjunctive
2158:Nominalized
2061:Predicative
1905:Verbal noun
1856:Attributive
1445:adjective.
1031:count nouns
802:poor people
799:noun phrase
711:(1350–1500)
706:(1150–1350)
673:Old English
436:Terminology
411:Orthography
331:Usage-based
232:Translating
127:Acquisition
32:Linguistics
2591:Categories
2576:Yes and no
2491:Classifier
2475:Possessive
2437:Quantifier
2432:Possessive
2409:Determiner
2381:Adposition
2353:Resumptive
2338:Reciprocal
2333:Possessive
2313:Indefinite
2241:Pronominal
2193:Subsective
2168:Possessive
2138:Collateral
2111:Unergative
2101:Transitive
2016:Inchoative
2011:Impersonal
1951:Catenative
1890:Participle
1885:Infinitive
1817:Relational
1787:Collective
1767:Adjectival
1643:2016-06-19
1543:References
1428:priyomnaya
1416:open class
1412:conversion
1380:beautiful.
1331:beautiful.
1128:de blind-a
1035:inflection
995:den Alt-en
788:determiner
784:complement
772:φ-features
760:inflection
720:1640–1710
701:(950–1150)
653:Protestant
641:conversion
520:In English
406:Orismology
291:Functional
279:Generative
269:Dependency
89:Pragmatics
79:Morphology
69:Diachronic
2566:Prop-word
2528:Ideophone
2455:Discourse
2394:Inflected
2343:Reflexive
2318:Intensive
2125:Adjective
2096:Stretched
2086:Separable
2076:Reflexive
1971:Denominal
1966:Defective
1946:Captative
1941:Auxiliary
1880:Gerundive
1870:Nonfinite
1792:Countable
1537:adjective
1464:الإسلامية
1277:den gamla
1134:the blind
1011:Den Alten
946:der Alt-e
869:prop-word
774:(such as
717:1570–1640
714:1500–1570
679:and then
603:prop-word
599:the short
494:adjective
381:Iconicity
376:Etymology
296:Cognitive
259:Formalist
212:Phonetics
202:Philology
94:Semantics
84:Phonology
2555:Pro-verb
2550:Pro-form
2447:Particle
2399:Stranded
2348:Relative
2328:Personal
2246:Relative
2231:Locative
2221:Genitive
2046:Negative
1976:Deponent
1956:Compound
1685:Athenaze
1512:See also
1494:al-kabīr
1395:τὸ καλόν
1187:the dead
1181:de död-a
1080:en blind
1027:definite
1007:der Alte
704:Early ME
696:(to 950)
694:Early OE
649:Catholic
620:such as
612:such as
597:". Here
570:such as
568:demonyms
555:disabled
550:homeless
530:the poor
528:becomes
182:Forensic
162:Distance
109:Typology
24:a series
22:Part of
2540:Preverb
2417:Article
2363:Subject
2256:Pronoun
2091:Stative
2056:Phrasal
2031:Lexical
1986:Dynamic
1961:Copular
1861:Converb
1777:Animacy
1480:ʾislāmī
1406:Russian
1225:det nya
1118:blind-a
1021:Swedish
709:Late ME
699:Late OE
663:, etc.
614:biggest
572:English
546:wealthy
137:Applied
47:History
42:Outline
2518:Coverb
2513:Copula
2367:Object
2284:Donkey
2203:Adverb
2178:Proper
2143:Common
2026:Labile
1895:Supine
1875:Gerund
1866:Finite
1831:Verbal
1822:Strong
1812:Proper
1529:Adnoun
1489:الكبير
1475:إسلامي
1449:Arabic
1316:πολλαί
1298:πολλαί
1143:": -->
1121:blind-
1005:Here,
977:Alt-en
890:German
884:German
780:gender
690:Period
626:second
584:French
538:people
492:is an
452:Portal
350:Topics
99:Syntax
2484:Other
2465:Modal
2289:Dummy
2041:Modal
2036:Light
1914:Types
1849:Forms
1772:Agent
1505:kabīr
1377:καλόν
1346:καλόν
1328:καλόν
1301:many.
1273:woman
1270:gamla
1174:dead-
1171:död-a
1076:blind
1073:blind
928:Alt-e
832:with
786:of a
752:91.1
740:255.2
737:331.4
734:316.7
661:green
622:first
595:short
588:Dutch
580:Irish
576:Welsh
560:blind
504:. In
52:Index
2470:Noun
2216:Flat
2071:Pure
1841:Verb
1826:Weak
1802:Mass
1782:Bare
1754:Noun
1500:كبير
1457:and
1382:NEUT
1363:NEUT
1361:the.
1333:NEUT
1258:the.
1206:the.
1159:the.
1145:edit
1106:the.
990:MASC
980:old-
971:MASC
961:the.
941:MASC
931:old-
922:MASC
912:the.
850:poor
834:poor
806:poor
778:and
749:78.9
746:70.1
743:73.4
634:last
632:and
630:next
564:deaf
542:rich
534:poor
514:poor
512:and
510:rich
502:noun
234:and
227:Text
1573:doi
1386:NOM
1367:NOM
1337:NOM
1307:NOM
1303:FEM
1255:den
1221:new
1218:nya
1203:det
1165:NOM
1112:NOM
1067:NOM
1015:alt
982:ACC
963:ACC
958:den
933:NOM
914:NOM
909:der
894:alt
872:one
795:the
675:to
657:red
606:one
2593::
2557:/
2369:/
2365:/
2301:/
1868:/
1824:/
1702:.
1652:^
1636:.
1620:41
1602:^
1569:27
1567:.
1563:.
1551:^
1390:SG
1371:SG
1358:τὸ
1341:SG
1311:PL
1264:SG
1212:SG
1176:PL
1161:PL
1156:de
1123:PL
1108:PL
1103:de
1063:SG
1061:a.
1058:en
986:SG
967:SG
937:SG
918:SG
864:.
808:.
790:.
655:,
651:,
636:.
624:,
616:,
590:.
586:,
582:,
578:,
574:,
562:,
558:,
552:,
548:,
544:,
488:A
26:on
1737:e
1730:t
1723:v
1704:4
1646:.
1622:.
1581:.
1575::
1422:(
1388:.
1384:.
1369:.
1365:.
1339:.
1335:.
1309:.
1305:.
1262:.
1260:F
1210:.
1208:N
1163:.
1149:]
1110:.
1065:.
988:.
984:.
969:.
965:.
939:.
935:.
920:.
916:.
477:e
470:t
463:v
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