Greek language - Knowledge

1258: 917: 2858: 2263: 4696:, p. 243: "With the current state of our knowledge, we can affirm that Phrygian is closely related to Greek. This is not a surprising conclusion: ancient sources and modern scholars agree that Phrygians did not live far from Greece in pre-historic times. Moreover, the last half century of scientific study of Phrygian has approached both languages and developed the hypothesis of a Proto-Greco-Phrygian language, to the detriment to other theories like Phrygio-Armenian or Thraco-Phrygian." 2009:. Ancient Greek made great use of participial constructions and of constructions involving the infinitive, and the modern variety lacks the infinitive entirely (employing a raft of new periphrastic constructions instead) and uses participles more restrictively. The loss of the dative led to a rise of prepositional indirect objects (and the use of the genitive to directly mark these as well). Ancient Greek tended to be verb-final, but neutral word order in the modern language is VSO or SVO. 1215: 4668:, p. 171: "This question is of course only just separable from the question of which languages within Indo-European are most closely related to Phrygian, which has also been hotly debated. A turning point in this debate was Kortlandt's (1988) demonstration on the basis of shared sound changes that Thraco-Armenian had separated from Phrygian and other originally Balkan languages at an early stage. The consensus has now returned to regarding Greek as the closest relative." 2892: 12641: 7509: 2760: 861: 3503: 12651: 7178: 7314: 7016: 6833: 7497: 1104: 3489: 7559: 8457: 4680:, pp. 238–239: "To the best of our current knowledge, Phrygian was closely related to Greek. This affirmation is consistent with the vision offered by Neumann (1988: 23), Brixhe (2006) and Ligorio and Lubotsky (2018: 1816) and with many observations given by ancient authors. Both languages share 34 of the 36 features considered in this paper, some of them of great significance: 1223:

orthographic tradition been interrupted to the extent that one can speak of a new language emerging. Greek speakers today still tend to regard literary works of ancient Greek as part of their own rather than a foreign language. It is also often stated that the historical changes have been relatively slight compared with some other languages. According to one estimation, "

4361:... But these three factors do suggest how Greek and Christianity could have become so intimately intertwined and so entrenched in Nubian life and culture by the seventh century AD that Greek could resist both Coptic and Arabic and survive for almost another millennium before both disappeared with the conversion of Nubia to Islam in the sixteenth century AD. 4993:

is that it is written in Greek script. In the Ottoman Empire, the primary criterion for the selection of an alphabet in which to write was religion. Thus, people who did not speak—or even know—the official language of their religion used to write their religious texts in the languages that they knew,

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of the language show both conservative and innovative tendencies across the entire attestation of the language from the ancient to the modern period. The division into conventional periods is, as with all such periodizations, relatively arbitrary, especially because, in all periods, Ancient Greek has

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is a cover phrase for a whole continuum of different speech and writing styles, ranging from vernacular continuations of spoken Koine that were already approaching Modern Greek in many respects, to highly learned forms imitating classical Attic. Much of the written Greek that was used as the official

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in 1923. Tourkogianniotes were probably of Christian origin and were Islamized sometime during the seventeenth century. They did not speak any language other than Greek. Thus, even their frequency in attending mosque services did not provide them with the necessary knowledge about their faith. Given

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Oran farther points out that the rights set out for the four categories are stated to be the 'fundamental law' of the land, so that no legislation or official action shall conflict or interfere with these stipulations or prevail over them (article 37). According to the Turkish state, only Greek,

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of Greek have remained constant: verbs agree with their subject only, the use of the surviving cases is largely intact (nominative for subjects and predicates, accusative for objects of most verbs and many prepositions, genitive for possessors), articles precede nouns, adpositions are largely

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The historical unity and continuing identity between the various stages of the Greek language are often emphasized. Although Greek has undergone morphological and phonological changes comparable to those seen in other languages, never since classical antiquity has its cultural, literary, and

2873:), which is closely related to Linear B but uses somewhat different syllabic conventions to represent phoneme sequences. The Cypriot syllabary is attested in Cyprus from the 11th century BC until its gradual abandonment in the late Classical period, in favor of the standard Greek alphabet. 3571:

There is no particular morphological form that can be identified as 'subjunctive' in the modern language, but the term is sometimes encountered in descriptions even if the most complete modern grammar (Holton et al. 1997) does not use it and calls certain traditionally-'subjunctive' forms

593: 2041:. During the older periods of Greek, loanwords into Greek acquired Greek inflections, thus leaving only a foreign root word. Modern borrowings (from the 20th century on), especially from French and English, are typically not inflected; other modern borrowings are derived from 2005:

prepositional, relative clauses follow the noun they modify and relative pronouns are clause-initial. However, the morphological changes also have their counterparts in the syntax, and there are also significant differences between the syntax of the ancient and that of the

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The four cases that are found in all stages of Greek are the nominative, genitive, accusative, and vocative. The dative/locative of Ancient Greek disappeared in the late Hellenistic period, and the instrumental case of Mycenaean Greek disappeared in the Archaic

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The inflectional categories of the Greek verb have likewise remained largely the same over the course of the language's history but with significant changes in the number of distinctions within each category and their morphological expression. Greek verbs have

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Albania's official language is Albanian, but in municipalities where minorities reside, the languages of these minorities are also used, including Greek in several municipalities in Gjirokastra and Saranda, and Macedonian in a municipality in the East of the

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developed in the early 19th century that was used for literary and official purposes in the newly formed Greek state. In 1976, Dimotiki was declared the official language of Greece, after having incorporated features of Katharevousa and thus giving birth to

3548:; for a different hypothesis excluding massive migrations and favoring an autochthonous scenario, see Colin Renfrew's "Problems in the General Correlation of Archaeological and Linguistic Strata in Prehistoric Greece: The Model of Autochthonous Origin" in 1269:

near the Greek-Albanian border. A significant percentage of Albania's population has knowledge of the Greek language due in part to the Albanian wave of immigration to Greece in the 1980s and '90s and the Greek community in the country. Prior to the

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in 403 BC. In classical Greek, as in classical Latin, only upper-case letters existed. The lower-case Greek letters were developed much later by medieval scribes to permit a faster, more convenient cursive writing style with the use of

5030:(literally, the Turks of Jannina). Although few examples have been discovered as yet, it seems that these people developed a religious literature mainly composed in verse form. This literary form constituted the mainstream of Greek 4352:

The revelation of the place of Greek cultural elements in the lives of these kingdoms has been gradual and is still ongoing, but already it is clear that Greek was the official language of government and religion for most of their

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Armenian and Jewish non-Muslims were granted minority protection by the Lausanne Treaty. Except for non-Muslim populations – that is, Greeks, Jews and Armenians – none of the other minority groups' language rights have been

1158:): Stemming from Medieval Greek, Modern Greek usages can be traced in the Byzantine period, as early as the 11th century. It is the language used by the modern Greeks, and, apart from Standard Modern Greek, there are several 3224:(or monotonic system), which employs only the acute accent and the diaeresis. The traditional system, now called the polytonic orthography (or polytonic system), is still used internationally for the writing of 1563: 4970: 3209:, used to mark the full syllabic value of a vowel that would otherwise be read as part of a diphthong. These marks were introduced during the course of the Hellenistic period. Actual usage of the grave in 4399: 3462:Óloi oi ánthropoi gennioúntai eléftheroi kai ísoi stin axioprépeia kai ta dikaiómata. Eínai proikisménoi me logikí kai syneídisi, kai ofeíloun na symperiférontai metaxý tous me pnévma adelfosýnis. 3443:Όλοι οι άνθρωποι γεννιούνται ελεύθεροι και ίσοι στην αξιοπρέπεια και τα δικαιώματα. Είναι προικισμένοι με λογική και συνείδηση, και οφείλουν να συμπεριφέρονται μεταξύ τους με πνεύμα αδελφοσύνης. 4151: 1565: 5372:

Data Analysis, Machine Learning, and Applications. Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft für Klassifikation e.V., Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, March 7–9, 2007

5018:). Our case is much stranger, since it is a quite early example for that kind of literature and because it is largely concerned with religious themes."; p. 306. The audience for the Greek 1576:

Across its history, the syllabic structure of Greek has varied little: Greek shows a mixed syllable structure, permitting complex syllabic onsets but very restricted codas. It has only

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Bronze Age Migrations in the Aegean; Archaeological and Linguistic Problems in Greek Prehistory: Proceedings of the first International Colloquium on Aegean Prehistory, Sheffield

5561: 3285:('continuous writing'), which means that ancient authors and scribes would write word after word with no spaces or punctuation between words to differentiate or mark boundaries. 4994:

though in the alphabet where the sacred texts of that religion were written. Thus, the Grecophone Catholics of Chios wrote using the Latin alphabet, but in the Greek language (

4684:... The available data suggest that Phrygian and Greek coexisted broadly from pre-historic to historic times, and both belong to a common linguistic area (Brixhe 2006: 39–44)." 3955:

Most of the alphabets used today descended from the Phoenician one. The Greeks adopted it about 2,800 years ago, modifying the characters to suit sounds in their own language.

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This implies that Turkey grants educational right in minority languages only to the recognized minorities covered by the Lausanne who are the Armenians, Greeks and the Jews.

3476:"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood." 2746: 3794: 1805:(from six cases in the earliest forms attested to four in the modern language). Nouns, articles, and adjectives show all the distinctions except for a person. Both 3825: 3236:

In Greek, the question mark is written as the English semicolon, while the functions of the colon and semicolon are performed by a raised point (•), known as the

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Crespo, Emilio (2018). "The Softening of Obstruent Consonants in the Macedonian Dialect". In Giannakis, Georgios K.; Crespo, Emilio; Filos, Panagiotis (eds.).

10706: 4712:... It is therefore very likely that both languages emerged from a single language, which was spoken in the Balkans at the end of the third millennium BCE." 4403: 5020: 5008: 1490: 939:: the unrecorded but assumed last ancestor of all known varieties of Greek. The unity of Proto-Greek would have ended as Hellenic migrants entered the 4159: 2242:

has also been considered somewhat related to Greek and Armenian, and it has been proposed that they all form a higher-order subgroup along with other

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their low level of literacy, one important way that they could learn about their faith was to listen to religiously edifying texts such as the Greek

4495: 12687: 5026: 4996: 3992:... the Greek alphabet has served the Greek language well for some 2,800 years since its introduction into Greece in the tenth or ninth century BC. 3830:

The Turkish government accepts the language rights of the Jewish, Greek and Armenian minorities as being guaranteed by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne.

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system. Although its morphological categories have been fairly stable over time, morphological changes are present throughout, particularly in the

12312: 12308: 12304: 12300: 12296: 6000:, useful information on the history of the Greek language, application of modern Linguistics to the study of Greek, and tools for learning Greek. 5014: 4430: 4343: 1662:

may have taken place later (the phonological changes are not reflected in the orthography, and both earlier and later phonemes are written with

12909: 12292: 10231: 9276: 9197: 9036: 7166: 4105: 9349: 7302: 7004: 6821: 5037: 1275: 4412:. However, the official status of Turkish is only nominal in the Greek-dominated Republic of Cyprus; in practice, outside Turkish-dominated 2915:, with the innovation of adopting certain letters to represent the vowels. The variant of the alphabet in use today is essentially the late 12288: 10406: 9286: 7602: 7547: 7144: 6717: 3516: 2017:

Modern Greek inherits most of its vocabulary from Ancient Greek, which in turn is an Indo-European language, but also includes a number of

5122: 12316: 898: 733: 7280: 6982: 6799: 3576:, Thessaloniki, Anastasia Giannakidou 2009 "Temporal semantics and polarity: The dependency of the subjunctive revisited", Lingua); see 10776: 10736: 10269: 6549: 1466: 831: 5612:"Problems in the General Correlation of Archaeological and Linguistic Strata in Prehistoric Greece: The Model of Autochthonous Origin" 12613: 12336: 8018: 7525: 5520: 3333:

is an older Greek term for West-European dating to when most of (Roman Catholic Christian) West Europe was under the control of the

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After the writing reform of 1982, most diacritics are no longer used. Since then, Greek has been written mostly in the simplified

12874: 10658: 8821: 6753: 4871: 6094: 12618: 11246: 10505: 10383: 10353: 10089: 10085: 10081: 3572:'dependent'. Most Greek linguists advocate abandoning the traditional terminology (Anna Roussou and Tasos Tsangalidis 2009, in 1449:

of Greece, where it is spoken by almost the entire population. It is also the official language of Cyprus (nominally alongside

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Modern Greek in Asia Minor: A Study of Dialect of Silly, Cappadocia and Pharasa with Grammar, Texts, Translations and Glossary

4622: 10889: 10520: 9920: 9849: 9207: 8264: 6126: 5969: 5948: 5924: 5880: 5859: 5838: 5810: 5776: 5688: 5667: 5646: 5623: 5542: 5464: 5421: 5379: 5215: 5194: 5150: 5111: 4980: 4906: 4821: 4634: 4605: 4475: 4291: 4192: 4013: 3985: 3948: 3788: 3433: 1319: 783:. Greek is also the language in which many of the foundational texts in science and philosophy were originally composed. The 7751: 12680: 10446: 10203: 9998: 9270: 2783: 3706: 3213:

saw a rapid decline in favor of uniform usage of the acute during the late 20th century, and it has only been retained in

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Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist.

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A study of the preservation of the classical tradition in the education, language, and literature of the Byzantine Empire

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Greek has been written in the Greek alphabet since approximately the 9th century BC. It was created by modifying the

1271: 4357:... Greek remained the official language of Nubian Christianity right to the end of its long and remarkable history. 10821: 10816: 10648: 10565: 10095: 8847: 7540: 6029: 5488: 4708:, pp. 1816–1817: "Phrygian is most closely related to Greek. The two languages share a few unique innovations, 2021:

from the languages of the populations that inhabited Greece before the arrival of Proto-Greeks, some documented in

9261: 6062: 12673: 10856: 10348: 8117: 7693: 6707: 2776: 904:. Among the Indo-European languages, its date of earliest written attestation is matched only by the now-extinct 771:

The Greek language holds a very important place in the history of the Western world. Beginning with the epics of

605: 12864: 10476: 10013: 4557: 3349:(meaning 'Catholic Chiot') alludes to the significant presence of Catholic missionaries based on the island of 1741:

and verbal systems. The major change in the nominal morphology since the classical stage was the disuse of the

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language of the Byzantine Empire was an eclectic middle-ground variety based on the tradition of written Koine.

740:, which has been used for approximately 2,800 years; previously, Greek was recorded in writing systems such as 5635:"Time Depth, Convergence Theory, and Innovation in Proto-Indo-European: 'Old Europe' as a PIE Linguistic Area" 12904: 12889: 12884: 12859: 12849: 12374: 11640: 11531: 10619: 10545: 10002: 9900: 9266: 7152: 6712: 6617: 4467: 2839:, has not been deciphered and most likely encodes a non-Greek language). The language of the Linear B texts, 2823:, attested as early as the late 15th century BC, was the first script used to write Greek. It is basically a 2501: 2184: 2078: 674: 420: 11772: 9010: 7174: 1962:

indicative, subjunctive, and imperative (other modal functions are expressed by periphrastic constructions)

1929: 1465:). Because of the membership of Greece and Cyprus in the European Union, Greek is one of the organization's 451: 438: 12899: 12894: 12879: 12869: 12854: 11856: 10851: 10742: 10290: 10156: 10008: 9728: 9424: 9237: 7464: 7288: 6990: 6807: 6446: 6147: 4845: 1327: 1265:

Greek is spoken today by at least 13 million people, principally in Greece and Cyprus along with a sizable

1181:: the coexistence of vernacular and archaizing written forms of the language. What came to be known as the 736:

of any Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,400 years of written records. Its writing system is the

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2006 Census Table: Language Spoken at Home by Sex – Time Series Statistics (1996, 2001, 2006 Census Years)

1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1640: 1636: 1616: 12839: 12269: 12258: 12061: 11237: 10732: 10605: 10486: 10435: 10378: 10330: 10310: 10146: 9910: 9882: 8985: 8814: 7533: 7310: 7012: 6829: 6376: 5318: 4416:, Turkish is little used; see A. Arvaniti (2006): Erasure as a Means of Maintaining Diglossia in Cyprus, 4347: 3738:"EU enlargement conditions and minority protection : a reflection on Turkey's non-Muslim minorities" 3306: 2200: 849:

have been widely used for centuries and continue to be widely used to coin new words in other languages;

6066: 6016: 5432: 5006:); and the Grecophone Muslims of the Greek peninsula wrote in Greek language using the Arabic alphabet ( 5000:); the Turcophone Orthodox Christians of Cappadocia wrote their Turkish texts using the Greek alphabet ( 799:, the Greek texts and Greek societies of antiquity constitute the objects of study of the discipline of 12598: 12370: 12322: 11543: 11200: 10761: 10697: 10551: 10115: 10111: 10107: 10103: 10099: 10018: 9390: 9320: 9137: 8320: 7909: 5526: 5075: 2211:

as the closest relative of Greek, since they share a number of phonological, morphological and lexical

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Greek words have been widely borrowed into other languages, including English. Example words include:

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The Interrelation between the Right to Identity of Minorities and their Socio-economic Participation

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Kurt Aland, Barbara Aland The text of the New Testament: an introduction to the critical 1995 p. 52.

3695: 3577: 1497:, Romania, and Ukraine. It is recognized as a minority language and protected in Turkey by the 1923 1035:, began the process that resulted in the creation of the first common Greek dialect, which became a 12829: 12404: 12069: 11758: 11701: 11161: 11121: 10806: 10765: 10653: 10368: 10358: 10162: 10032: 9938: 9806: 9798: 9696: 9624: 9490: 9409: 9395: 9187: 9107: 8399: 8390: 7795: 6681: 6521: 6013:

has many useful pages for the study of classical languages and literatures, including dictionaries.

5139:"Chapter 8: How Old is the Indo-European Language Family? Illumination or More Moths to the Flame?" 3895: 3321:

applies when the Latin script is used to write Greek in the cultural ambit of Catholicism (because

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used this form of the language to spread Christianity. Because it was the original language of the

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Areas where Modern Greek is spoken (Dark blue represents areas where it is the official language.)

12844: 12834: 12558: 12467: 12284: 11766: 11117: 10982: 10875: 10796: 10441: 10264: 10027: 9933: 9854: 9828: 9810: 9802: 9764: 9688: 9684: 9628: 9329: 9315: 9217: 9152: 9051: 8559: 8544: 8330: 8238: 8095: 7972: 7775: 7102: 6743: 6691: 6622: 6541: 6140: 5440: 5123:"'Greeklish': Transliteration Practice and Discourse in a Setting of Computer-Mediated Digraphia" 4438: 2509: 2222:

Among living languages, some Indo-Europeanists suggest that Greek may be most closely related to

2196: 1814: 1754: 1611:: loss of vowel length distinction, monophthongisation of most diphthongs and several steps in a 1557: 1182: 1172: 685: 199: 1474: 12589: 12568: 12550: 12350: 12250: 12057: 11656: 10918: 10866: 10781: 10515: 10500: 10416: 10072: 9832: 9720: 9716: 9708: 9704: 9700: 9482: 9094: 9089: 9061: 8807: 8685: 8602: 8517: 8325: 8035: 7269: 6652: 6560: 6469: 6298: 5057: 2870: 2763: 2247: 2231: 2204: 2046: 1730: 1549: 1004: 976: 665: 248: 5413:

Eastern Europe at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century: A Guide to the Economies in Transition

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is often used when the Greek language is written in a Latin script in online communications.

2636: 2034: 1810: 1806: 1738: 1585: 1553: 1510: 1493:, Greek is protected and promoted officially as a regional and minority language in Armenia, 1458: 1342: 1199: 1040: 834:. It is spoken by at least 13.5 million people today in Greece, Cyprus, Italy, Albania, 729: 645: 316: 159: 8067: 6097:, descriptions of both online lexicons (with appropriate links) and Greek Lexicons in Print. 4875: 4056: 886:

since around the 3rd millennium BC, or possibly earlier. The earliest written evidence is a

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Historically, significant Greek-speaking communities and regions were found throughout the

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Identifies the grammatical functions of all the words in sentences entered, using Perseus.

5370:. In Preisach, Christine; Burkhardt, Hans; Schmidt-Thieme, Lars; Decker, Reinhold (eds.). 8: 12603: 12487: 11800: 11723: 11628: 10939: 10871: 10625: 10611: 10472: 10315: 10213: 10188: 10152: 9372: 9085: 9046: 8910: 8905: 8539: 8500: 8244: 7890: 7723: 7698: 7318: 7243: 7128: 7020: 6913: 6837: 6733: 6581: 6361: 6319: 6187: 5806: 4339: 2912: 2857: 2050: 2018: 1935:

imperfective and perfective/aorist (perfect is expressed by a periphrastic construction)

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Three graduated courses designed to help students learn to read the Greek New Testament

5786: 5548: 5507: 5470: 5368:"The Distribution of Data in Word Lists and its Impact on the Subgrouping of Languages" 5354: 5274: 5145:. Cambridge, England: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. pp. 91–109. 4623:"Recent Research in the Ancient Macedonian Dialect: Consolidation and New Perspectives" 4099: 3780: 2730: 2626: 2062: 2054: 1987: 1974: 1902: 1827: 1794: 1786: 1782: 1726: 1498: 1418: 1370: 1283: 846: 532: 210: 4969:

Kotzageorgis, Phokion (2010). Gruber, Christiane J.; Colby, Frederick Stephen (eds.).

1793:, and plural in the ancient language; singular and plural alone in later stages), and 1584:. The main phonological changes occurred during the Hellenistic and Roman period (see 1473:

in Albania, and used co-officially in some of its municipalities, in the districts of

557: 12650: 12530: 12477: 12408: 12077: 11776: 11689: 11644: 10974: 10861: 10712: 10681: 10575: 10494: 10490: 10137: 9993: 9943: 9894: 9859: 9436: 9157: 9126: 8980: 8975: 8862: 8842: 8679: 8669: 8661: 8587: 8477: 8407: 8376: 8363: 8354: 8299: 8293: 8278: 8124: 8062: 8044: 7950: 7926: 7849: 7822: 7808: 7780: 7731: 7708: 7598: 7586: 7582: 7398: 7388: 7348: 7236: 7196: 7097: 6872: 6637: 6602: 6464: 6440: 5965: 5944: 5920: 5899: 5876: 5855: 5854:. London and New York: Longman Linguistics Library (Addison Wesley Longman Limited). 5834: 5795: 5772: 5744: 5707: 5684: 5663: 5642: 5619: 5552: 5538: 5511: 5474: 5460: 5417: 5396: 5375: 5346: 5319:"Language-tree Divergence Times Support the Anatolian Theory of Indo-European Origin" 5303: 5278: 5211: 5190: 5169: 5146: 5107: 4976: 4912: 4902: 4827: 4817: 4723: 4630: 4601: 4471: 4297: 4287: 4188: 4070: 4019: 4009: 3981: 3944: 3870: 3784: 3749: 3206: 2886: 2866: 2852: 2715: 2665: 2660: 2239: 2223: 2208: 2042: 1921: 1911: 1875: 1770: 1678: 1581: 1470: 1446: 1414: 1402: 1335: 1323: 1295: 1266: 1120: 1047:. Koine Greek can be initially traced within the armies and conquered territories of 745: 501: 8147: 8108: 7958: 6100: 6004: 5723:"An overview of research on Phrygian from the nineteenth century to the present day" 2566: 611: 12540: 12412: 12340: 12073: 12045: 11846: 11808: 11754: 11728: 11717: 11648: 11539: 11488: 11242: 11055: 11035: 10771: 10757: 9242: 9081: 9041: 9031: 8961: 8915: 8900: 8885: 8418: 8272: 8214: 8193: 8177: 8170: 8161: 8087: 7936: 7918: 7828: 7762: 7756: 7746: 7659: 7651: 7626: 7614: 7423: 7403: 7356: 7352: 7332: 7107: 7055: 7039: 6971: 6897: 6673: 6642: 6516: 6385: 6207: 5934: 5734: 5530: 5497: 5452: 5444: 5338: 5270: 4062: 3420: 3259: 3221: 3202: 3172: 2616: 2594: 2243: 2172: 2038: 1949: 1940: 1802: 1462: 1450: 1315: 1311: 1279: 1138: 1112: 1032: 1000: 984: 960: 877: 819: 11380: 10541: 6072: 3842: 3238: 1282:, though very few remain today. A small Greek-speaking community is also found in 916: 12768: 12644: 12584: 12507: 12400: 12365: 12131: 12081: 12053: 11889: 11881: 11866: 11838: 11732: 11185: 10988: 10579: 10300: 10285: 10166: 9672: 9646: 9472: 9202: 9172: 9020: 8941: 8753: 8734: 8704: 8652: 8633: 8549: 8425: 8251: 8140: 8057: 8052: 8012: 7981: 7618: 7513: 7433: 7393: 7372: 7248: 7081: 7076: 6954: 6783: 6773: 6479: 6314: 6228: 6192: 6182: 6048: 5959: 5938: 5914: 5891: 5870: 5849: 5828: 5766: 5699: 5678: 5657: 5634: 5611: 5411: 5390: 5367: 5358: 5297: 5205: 5184: 5168:. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 29–40. 5161: 5138: 5099: 4413: 4182: 3508: 3408: 3385: 3334: 3198: 2904: 2828: 2720: 2653: 2621: 2227: 2216: 1953: 1299: 1291: 1076: 1060: 955: 901: 765: 761: 512: 204: 191: 35: 11705: 9118: 6882: 6491: 4972:

The Prophet's Ascension: Cross-cultural Encounters with the Islamic Mi'rāj Tales

4284:

The modern Greek language : a descriptive analysis of standard modern Greek

3302: 2129: 1075:. The origin of Christianity can also be traced through Koine Greek because the 118: 12795: 12594: 12497: 12380: 12123: 12049: 12002: 11796: 11744: 11668: 11636: 11535: 11440: 11289: 11180: 11156: 11082: 10958: 10935: 10926: 10826: 10752: 10722: 10716: 10373: 10343: 10338: 10236: 9872: 9868: 9820: 9638: 9246: 9132: 9071: 8951: 8930: 8740: 8579: 8564: 8412: 8371: 8207: 7713: 7703: 7669: 7610: 7413: 7253: 6949: 6632: 6627: 6612: 6496: 6484: 6267: 6107: 4942: 3967: 3453: 3381: 3365: 2975: 2936: 2882: 2687: 2672: 2641: 2548: 2338: 2270: 2167: 1633: 1346: 1331: 1287: 1286:

near the Greek-Bulgarian border. Greek is also spoken worldwide by the sizable

1252: 1236: 1232: 1129: 1056: 988: 980: 839: 823: 792: 780: 737: 660: 311: 281: 274: 258: 86: 47: 6038:, a website for the support of people who are being taught the Greek language. 5739: 5502: 5483: 5448: 4989: 4901:. Oxford University Press. (Third ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3672: 3658: 3644: 3628: 3614: 3600: 3205:), originally used to signal presence or absence of word-initial /h/; and the 2113: 1433:. It was also used as the official language of government and religion in the 12823: 12777: 12654: 12167: 12135: 12087: 12018: 11818: 11788: 11736: 11697: 11677: 11652: 11272: 11262: 11233: 11147: 11107: 11102: 11077: 11003: 10426: 10411: 9886: 9291: 9212: 8966: 8709: 8638: 8625: 8554: 8432: 7989: 7606: 7590: 7501: 7438: 7204: 7200: 7071: 6959: 6748: 6647: 6474: 6459: 6427: 6371: 6366: 6341: 6241: 6123:, a non-profit organization that promotes modern Greek literature and culture 6103:, dictionaries of all forms of Greek (Ancient, Hellenistic, Medieval, Modern) 6054: 5748: 5282: 5002: 4916: 3928: 3753: 3494: 3400: 3361: 3286: 3253: 3225: 2832: 2804: 2262: 1978: 1957: 1880: 1762: 1758: 1746: 1627: 1434: 1307: 1261:

Geographic distribution of Greek language in the Russian Empire (1897 census)

1228: 1224: 1194: 1186: 1084: 1080: 1036: 971: 811: 784: 490: 389: 39: 4301: 4023: 1051:; after the Hellenistic colonization of the known world, it was spoken from 12804: 12482: 12139: 12111: 11974: 11938: 11894: 11748: 11709: 11693: 11681: 11597: 11573: 11511: 11432: 11332: 11324: 11195: 11021: 10879: 9964: 9952: 9610: 9512: 9403: 9076: 9005: 8759: 8534: 8462: 7736: 7428: 7418: 6877: 6867: 6501: 6454: 6434: 6309: 6280: 6177: 6079: 5916:

The Generative Interpretation of Dialect: A Study of Modern Greek Phonology

5700:"A Surviving Treaty: The Lausanne Minority Protection in Greece and Turkey" 5350: 5287: 4831: 3924: 3404: 3397: 3298: 3194: 3186: 3182: 3070: 3065: 2947:

has an additional lowercase form (ς) used in the final position of a word:

2606: 2601: 2540: 2454: 2235: 2161: 2139: 1983: 1970: 1888: 1766: 1671: 1663: 1593: 1570: 1214: 1190: 1150: 1123:

in green, with green dots indicating individual Cappadocian Greek villages.

1116: 1103: 1072: 1024: 992: 827: 753: 636: 522: 480: 51: 5534: 4257: 3821:

Questions and Answers: Freedom of Expression and Language Rights in Turkey

3737: 2891: 537: 527: 517: 507: 495: 485: 475: 12786: 12448: 12395: 12279: 12127: 11998: 11994: 11950: 11946: 11934: 11914: 11906: 11902: 11740: 11553: 11515: 11458: 11448: 11320: 11316: 11312: 11205: 11031: 11011: 10791: 10583: 10304: 9960: 9956: 9760: 9339: 8767: 7630: 6403: 6395: 6353: 6336: 6331: 6254: 5238:"Ancient Macedonian as a Greek Dialect: A Critical Survey on Recent Work" 3035: 3025: 3020: 3015: 2920: 2916: 2482: 2472: 2346: 2310: 2292: 1945: 1894: 1742: 1612: 1577: 1028: 1015: 996: 930:

The Greek language is conventionally divided into the following periods:

890: 796: 456: 443: 253: 235: 43: 12040: 5435:. In Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias; Wenthe, Mark (eds.). 5342: 5244:(in Greek). Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek Language. pp. 65–78. 2199:

language family. The ancient language most closely related to it may be

2033:(words of foreign origin) have entered the language, mainly from Latin, 830:, Greek is the official language of Greece and Cyprus and one of the 24 12492: 12360: 12230: 12226: 12199: 12022: 11970: 11966: 11898: 11780: 11589: 11585: 11581: 11549: 11444: 11406: 11390: 11336: 11137: 11047: 10569: 9975: 9970: 9948: 9676: 9632: 9558: 9554: 9550: 8895: 8077: 7814: 6934: 6032:

Greek-Language.com provides a free online grammar of Hellenistic Greek.

5024:

was most certainly Greek-speaking Muslims, in particular the so-called

4732:. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 4627:

Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea

4625:. In Giannakis, Georgios K.; Crespo, Emilio; Filos, Panagiotis (eds.). 4598:

Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea

3677: 3663: 3649: 3635: 3619: 3605: 3214: 3210: 3190: 3082: 2953: 2940: 2611: 1884: 1750: 1734: 1536: 1410: 1088: 948: 860: 725: 155: 5456: 4722:

Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017).

4006:

A history of the Greek language : from its origins to the present

2207:

itself. Aside from the Macedonian question, current consensus regards

12207: 12195: 12171: 12101: 12065: 12030: 11990: 11982: 11962: 11922: 11664: 11617: 11609: 11569: 11561: 11507: 11482: 11418: 11376: 11364: 11215: 11190: 11097: 11067: 10962: 10226: 9772: 9666: 9650: 9570: 9536: 9468: 9460: 9444: 7854: 6663: 6120: 5827:

Holton, David; Mackridge, Peter; Philippaki-Warburton, Irene (1997).

5032: 4728: 3977: 3686:(Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box) 3535:

The map does not indicate where the language is majority or minority.

3416: 3354: 3178: 2824: 2246:

of the ancient Balkans; this higher-order subgroup is usually termed

2149: 2099: 1608: 1524: 1382: 1178: 1044: 944: 721: 550: 466: 430: 412: 352: 342: 151: 6019:, Berkeley Language Center of the University of California, Berkeley 5706:. Leiden and Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 287–315. 3774: 3177:

In addition to the letters, the Greek alphabet features a number of

1185:

was a polarization between two competing varieties of Modern Greek:

12436: 12420: 12416: 12221: 12191: 12187: 12179: 12175: 12147: 12119: 12026: 11986: 11954: 11930: 11918: 11593: 11525: 11519: 11478: 11452: 11436: 11422: 11398: 11372: 11360: 11297: 11293: 11285: 11071: 11051: 11026: 11016: 10615: 10555: 9814: 9794: 9780: 9566: 9500: 8184: 7407: 6607: 5826: 5237: 4947: 3502: 3412: 2935:

The Greek alphabet consists of 24 letters, each with an uppercase (

2836: 2820: 2815: 2215:, with some being exclusive between them. Scholars have proposed a 2212: 2134: 2117: 2030: 2022: 1620: 1486: 1426: 1422: 1386: 1108: 964: 894: 887: 800: 757: 741: 717: 701: 623: 370: 147: 128: 12097: 5618:. London: Gerald Duckworth and Company Limited. pp. 263–276. 5130:

Standard Languages and Language Standards: Greek, Past and Present

4045:

Archibald Macbride Hunter Introducing the New Testament 1972 p. 9.

1540:

enjoyed high prestige, and the literate borrowed heavily from it.

12472: 12456: 12444: 12440: 12432: 12428: 12203: 12183: 12143: 12006: 11942: 11926: 11601: 11500: 11492: 11414: 11402: 11368: 11348: 11328: 11281: 11174: 11142: 11132: 11039: 10431: 9776: 9768: 9692: 9658: 9654: 9590: 9582: 9524: 9516: 9494: 9452: 9440: 8714: 8230: 7785: 7770: 7177: 6132: 6010: 5225:

Dawkins, Richard McGillivray; Halliday, William Reginald (1916).

5162:"The Question of Mediae in Ancient Macedonian Greek Reconsidered" 3940: 3377: 3055: 3030: 2980: 2679: 2522: 2418: 2356: 2328: 2123: 2093: 2026: 1494: 1406: 1394: 1390: 1362: 897:

that dates to between 1450 and 1350 BC, making Greek the world's

883: 713: 709: 705: 619: 542: 384: 376: 357: 347: 337: 143: 136: 132: 110: 12665: 8799: 5437:

Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics

5036:

literature from the middle of the seventeenth century until the

4058:

A small Greek world : networks in the Ancient Mediterranean

3716: 3714: 2865:

Another similar system used to write the Greek language was the

592: 12264: 12159: 12034: 12014: 12010: 11978: 11958: 11910: 11613: 11605: 11577: 11565: 11557: 11496: 11474: 11352: 11304: 11127: 11059: 11043: 10931: 10587: 9890: 9784: 9750: 9746: 9742: 9724: 9616: 9598: 9594: 9562: 9504: 9464: 9456: 9448: 9399: 8830: 8072: 7313: 7015: 6832: 3010: 2896: 2464: 2238:), but little definitive evidence has been found. In addition, 2177:

foundation of international scientific and technical vocabulary

2155: 2001: 1916: 1532: 1482: 1398: 1366: 1354: 1350: 1248: 1008: 835: 693: 689: 394: 366: 306: 301: 172: 105: 100: 5997: 5898:. Chicago, IL: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. pp. 240–246. 5641:. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmBH. pp. 17–48. 688:

language, constituting an independent branch of it, native to

12462: 12452: 12424: 12390: 12385: 12327: 12215: 12151: 12115: 11462: 11308: 9876: 9754: 9738: 9642: 9606: 9586: 9574: 9544: 9540: 9532: 9528: 9520: 9508: 9478: 9344: 7558: 5659:

Archaeology and Language: The Puzzle of Indo-European Origins

5522:

The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective

5106:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 156–192. 4220:, Chapter 2: "Before the Mycenaean Age", pp. 11–33 and passim 3711: 3350: 3344: 3338: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3249: 3243: 3075: 3045: 3005: 2995: 2970: 2960: 2944: 2929: 2900: 2695: 2646: 2631: 2577: 2490: 2446: 2410: 2382: 2320: 2284: 1667: 1604: 1481:. It is also an official minority language in the regions of 1378: 1374: 1358: 1064: 1052: 865: 788: 772: 697: 362: 124: 6055:

Books on Greek language that are taught at schools in Greece

6035: 5768:

Vox Graeca – A Guide to the Pronunciation of Classical Greek

5484:"On the place of Phrygian among the Indo-European languages" 4410:

The official languages of the Republic are Greek and Turkish

4003: 12163: 12155: 11468: 11428: 11394: 11356: 9662: 9602: 3922: 3000: 2985: 2965: 2561: 2530: 2428: 2374: 2302: 1137:): the continuation of Koine Greek up to the demise of the 1071:

and Koine Greek became the first or second language in the

1068: 679: 6041: 5727:

Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis

5299:

Introduction to the History of the Indo-European Languages

5132:. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Limited. pp. 221–249. 4496:"List of Declarations Made with Respect to Treaty No. 148" 3289:, or bi-directional text, was also used in Ancient Greek. 1278:

a very large population of Greek-speakers also existed in

1003:

world and was reintroduced to the rest of Europe with the

995:. Ancient Greek fell into disuse in Western Europe in the 967:

script on tablets dating from the 15th century BC onwards.

622:

characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see

9578: 5416:. London and New York: Routledge (Taylor & Francis). 4152:"Ancient Tablet Found: Oldest Readable Writing in Europe" 3060: 3050: 3040: 2990: 2925: 2436: 2400: 2392: 2364: 1177:

In the modern era, the Greek language entered a state of

5374:. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp. 628–636. 5249:

Gamkrelidze, Tamaz V.; Ivanov, Vyacheslav (March 1990).

4575: 4573: 4571: 3256:

in a handful of Greek words, principally distinguishing

1193:, meaning 'purified', a compromise between Dimotiki and 791:

was also originally written in Greek. Together with the

30:

For the Greek language used during particular eras, see

6073:

USA Foreign Service Institute Modern Greek basic course

6007:, a portal for Greek language and linguistic education. 4184:

Understanding English Homonyms: Their Origins and Usage

5128:. In Georgakopoulou, Alexandra; Silk, Michael (eds.). 3197:

on the stressed vowel; the so-called breathing marks (

2895:

Ancient epichoric variants of the Greek alphabet from

5830:

Greek: A Comprehensive Grammar of the Modern Language

5680:

Der englische Wortschatz [English Vocabulary]

4568: 4463:

In the Shadows of Albania-China Relations (1960–1978)

4400:"The Constitution of Cyprus, App. D., Part 1, Art. 3" 4206:

Greek is the world's oldest recorded living language.

2219:

subgroup out of which Greek and Phrygian originated.

8452: 5143:

Phylogenetic Methods and the Prehistory of Languages

3707:Αυστραλία: Τηλεδιάσκεψη «Μιλάμε Ελληνικά τον Μάρτιο» 3484: 2869:(also a descendant of Linear A via the intermediate 1218:

The distribution of major modern Greek dialect areas

1091:, that variety of Koine Greek may be referred to as 818:. It eventually became the official language of the 5637:. In Bammesberger, Alfred; Vennemann, Theo (eds.). 3814: 3812: 3460: 2137:continue to be productive as a basis for coinages: 2029:. The form and meaning of many words have changed. 1491:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

650: 73: 5919:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 5894:. In Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (eds.). 5794: 5771:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 5286: 1189:, the vernacular form of Modern Greek proper, and 5851:Greek: A History of the Language and Its Speakers 5801:. Boston, MA; New York, NY: Allyn and Bacon, Inc. 5248: 5231:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 4758: 779:includes many works of lasting importance in the 12821: 8485: 5242:Ancient Macedonia: Language, History and Culture 3809: 6129:, a large e-library of modern Greek texts/books 5805: 5785: 5585: 5481: 5430: 5224: 5120: 4929: 4782: 4705: 4693: 4677: 4614: 4488: 4241: 3824:. New York: Human Rights Watch. 19 April 2002. 3552:by R.A. Crossland and A. Birchall, eds. (1973). 2072: 1745:(its functions being largely taken over by the 5958:Smyth, Herbert Weir; Messing, Gordon (1956) . 5875:. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. 5317:Gray, Russel D.; Atkinson, Quentin D. (2003). 5251:"The Early History of Indo-European Languages" 5166:Historical Philology: Greek, Latin and Romance 5137:Atkinson, Quentin D.; Gray, Russel D. (2006). 4943:"Yevanic alphabet, pronunciation and language" 4423: 3384:and Constantinopolitan Karaite Jews using the 1202:, used today for all official purposes and in 12681: 8815: 8398: 7541: 7296: 7160: 6998: 6815: 6148: 5614:. In Crossland, R. A.; Birchall, Ann (eds.). 5210:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 5038:population exchange between Greece and Turkey 4252: 4250: 3411:. The same happened among Epirote Muslims in 2784: 8624: 6718:Institute for Language and Speech Processing 6063:Greek Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words 5957: 5431:Ligorio, Orsat; Lubotsky, Alexander (2018). 5316: 5141:. In Forster, Peter; Renfrew, Colin (eds.). 5136: 4968: 4962: 4899:The concise Oxford dictionary of linguistics 4766: 4138: 4134: 3731: 3729: 3517:List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes 2861:Greek inscription in Cypriot syllabic script 1893:past and non-past (future is expressed by a 5964:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 5697: 5572: 5164:. In Brogyanyi, Bela; Lipp, Reiner (eds.). 4778: 4620: 4392: 4187:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 153. 3768: 3766: 3720: 3441: 3297:Greek has occasionally been written in the 3269: 3257: 3193:), originally denoting different shapes of 1654:, respectively; the similar development of 67: 12688: 12674: 10777:Greece and the International Monetary Fund 8822: 8808: 7548: 7534: 7303: 7289: 7167: 7153: 7005: 6991: 6822: 6808: 6155: 6141: 6108:S. C. Woodhouse's English–Greek dictionary 5998:The Greek Language and Linguistics Gateway 5940:New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin 5482:Obrador-Cursach, Bartomeu (9 April 2020). 5159: 4649: 4589: 4431:"The EU at a Glance – Languages in the EU" 4247: 4104:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3544:A comprehensive overview in J.T. Hooker's 2919:variant, introduced for writing classical 2791: 2777: 2250:, and Greek has a central position in it. 2203:, which, by most accounts, was a distinct 1413:; and, to a lesser extent, in the Western 1242: 810:, Greek was by far the most widely spoken 591: 12337:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 5943:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 5738: 5720: 5662:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5501: 4975:. Indiana University Press. p. 297. 4721: 4665: 4558:"Πόσο "ελληνικές" είναι οι ξένες γλώσσες" 4067:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199734818.001.0001 3843:"Language Use in the United States: 2011" 3776:Minorities and nationalism in Turkish law 3726: 3360:The Latin script is nowadays used by the 7881: 6789:Comparison of Ancient Greek dictionaries 5847: 5559: 5409: 5302:. Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. 5295: 5203: 4742: 4583: 4338: 4314: 4122: 3933:"Chapter 15: Language and Communication" 3804:protected by the legal system in Turkey. 3763: 2890: 2856: 2083:List of Greek and Latin roots in English 1561: 1256: 1213: 1102: 915: 859: 832:official languages of the European Union 8362: 6127:Research lab of modern Greek philosophy 5889: 5676: 5655: 5632: 5609: 5591: 5578: 5573:Olsen, Birgit Anette; Thorsø, Rasmus. " 5565: 5518: 5097: 5076:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 5058:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 4869: 4762: 4754: 4579: 4544: 4326: 4229: 4180: 4118: 3779:. Cultural Diversity and Law. Farnham: 2843:, is the earliest known form of Greek. 2025:; they include a large number of Greek 1797:(masculine, feminine, and neuter), and 1776: 1693:to their voiced fricative counterparts 1580:and a fairly stable set of consonantal 616:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 14: 12822: 6003:Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 5933: 5912: 5395:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 5388: 5235: 5182: 5104:Standard Languages: Spoken and Written 4811: 4653: 4595: 4532: 4459: 4217: 4089: 4054: 3966: 3828:from the original on 20 October 2023. 3797:from the original on 14 October 2023. 3735: 2195:Greek is an independent branch of the 1107:Distribution of varieties of Greek in 999:but remained officially in use in the 838:, and the many other countries of the 12669: 10906: 10679: 10058: 9370: 8860: 8803: 7529: 7284: 7148: 6986: 6803: 6136: 5896:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture 5868: 5764: 5600: 5236:Dosuna, Julián Víctor Méndez (2012). 4896: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4520: 4281: 4232:, pp. 263–276, especially p. 267 4004:Adrados, Francisco Rodríguez (2005). 3890: 3888: 3772: 3470:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 3434:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1729:, a limited but productive system of 1290:which has notable communities in the 991:. It was widely known throughout the 923:-speaking area according to linguist 659: 85: 5605:(in Greek). Athens: Ekdoseis Pataki. 5365: 5183:Beekes, Robert Stephen Paul (2009). 4897:Hugoe, Matthews Peter (March 2014). 4816:. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press. 4794: 4785:, pp. 225–226, 228–229, 231–241 4344:"When Greek was an African Language" 4286:. Oxford : Oxford University Press. 3423:are written in the Arabic alphabet. 2846: 5994:, Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 5586:Hyllested, Adam; Joseph, Brian D. " 5240:. In Giannakis, Georgios K. (ed.). 4987:The element that makes this text a 4872:"Greek Unicode Issues: Punctuation" 4112: 4090:Manuel, Germaine Catherine (1989). 2179:; for example, all words ending in 1722:of Greek shows an extensive set of 1209: 1055:to the fringes of India. After the 855:international scientific vocabulary 24: 7724:Intermediate Southern (Neapolitan) 6162: 6077: 5833:. London and New York: Routledge. 5757: 5698:Tsitselikis, Konstantinos (2013). 5296:Georgiev, Vladimir Ivanov (1981). 5275:10.1038/scientificamerican0390-110 4800: 4629:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 299. 4621:Hatzopoulos, Miltiades B. (2018). 4600:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 329. 4502:from the original on 10 April 2020 3885: 3594: 3391: 3371: 2827:, which was finally deciphered by 1749:). The verbal system has lost the 1504: 1489:in Italy. In the framework of the 1445:Greek, in its modern form, is the 1440: 1267:Greek-speaking minority in Albania 1059:conquest of Greece, an unofficial 864:Idealised portrayal of the author 768:, and many other writing systems. 25: 12921: 12695: 8829: 5980: 5683:(in German). Berlin: E. Schmidt. 3937:Anthropology: The Human Challenge 3415:. This usage is sometimes called 3292: 2876: 2253: 2190: 2133:, etc. Moreover, Greek words and 752:and was in turn the basis of the 12649: 12640: 12639: 8455: 7574:Historical linguistic minorities 7557: 7508: 7507: 7495: 7312: 7176: 7014: 6831: 5872:Greek and Latin in English Today 5489:Journal of Language Relationship 5186:Etymological Dictionary of Greek 5121:Androutsopoulos, Jannis (2009). 4437:. European Union. Archived from 3501: 3487: 3181:: three different accent marks ( 2759: 2758: 2261: 1603:simplification of the system of 12738:300 BC – AD 600 10857:Thessaloniki International Fair 8781: 6708:Hellenic Foundation for Culture 6121:Center for Neo-Hellenic Studies 5639:Languages in Prehistoric Europe 5068: 5050: 4935: 4923: 4890: 4863: 4838: 4814:Linear B : an introduction 4788: 4772: 4748: 4736: 4715: 4699: 4687: 4671: 4659: 4643: 4550: 4538: 4526: 4514: 4453: 4366: 4332: 4320: 4308: 4275: 4235: 4223: 4211: 4174: 4144: 4128: 4083: 4048: 4039: 4030: 3997: 3960: 3916: 3574:Meletes gia tin Elliniki Glossa 3565: 3555: 3538: 3529: 3426: 3281:Ancient Greek texts often used 1067:was established in the city of 853:are the predominant sources of 12875:Languages of Georgia (country) 10644:Municipalities and communities 4158:. 1 April 2011. Archived from 3904:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc 3863: 3835: 3700: 3689: 3231: 2183:('discourse'). There are many 1781:Pronouns show distinctions in 1087:was translated into it as the 748:. The alphabet arose from the 13: 1: 12910:Subject–verb–object languages 12743: 12735: 12727: 12719: 12711: 10659:Decentralized administrations 9371: 9183:History of Greece (1923–1940) 7342:Recognized minority languages 6713:Center for the Greek Language 6271: 6258: 6245: 6232: 6219: 5702:. In Henrard, Kristin (ed.). 5519:Olander, Thomas, ed. (2022). 5090: 4759:Gamkrelidze & Ivanov 1990 4468:Cambridge Scholars Publishing 4380:. Central Intelligence Agency 3166: 2835:in the 1950s (its precursor, 2185:English words of Greek origin 2079:English words of Greek origin 2012: 1765:. Many have been replaced by 1713: 1437:, for most of their history. 882:Greek has been spoken in the 184:13.5 million (2012) 10232:Parliamentary constituencies 10059: 9011:Foundation of Constantinople 8848:Alphabetical index of topics 7465:Central Taurus Sign Language 5189:. Leiden and Boston: Brill. 4418:San Diego Linguistics Papers 3587: 3339: 3323: 3311: 3301:, especially in areas under 2588:Diacritics and other symbols 2073:Loanwords in other languages 1543: 1385:, in what are today Turkey, 1166: 1011:migration to western Europe. 795:texts and traditions of the 680: 7: 10907: 10890:Water supply and sanitation 10680: 10447:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier 10080:Constitutional amendments ( 9350:Population exchange of 1923 9287:Greek countries and regions 8986:Wars of Alexander the Great 8861: 7434:Syriac/Assyrian/Neo-Aramaic 5848:Horrocks, Geoffrey (1997). 5160:Babiniotis, George (1992). 4783:Hyllested & Joseph 2022 4706:Ligorio & Lubotsky 2018 4348:Center for Hellenic Studies 4242:Dawkins & Halliday 1916 4061:. Oxford University Press. 3973:The World's Major Languages 3480: 3461: 2809: 2007:modern form of the language 1469:. Greek is recognized as a 1276:population exchange in 1923 712:, and other regions of the 651: 74: 10: 12926: 9311:Inventions and discoveries 9138:Modern Greek Enlightenment 8321:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata 7804:Central-Southern Calabrian 5890:Mallory, James P. (1997). 5869:Krill, Richard M. (1990). 5721:Woodhouse, Robert (2009). 5527:Cambridge University Press 5204:Browning, Robert (1983) . 5102:. In Haas, William (ed.). 5098:Alexiou, Margaret (1982). 3345: 3329: 3317: 3244: 3170: 3081: 2952: 2880: 2850: 2813: 2802: 2076: 1547: 1508: 1455:British Overseas Territory 1246: 1170: 989:ancient Greek civilization 911: 875: 871: 734:longest documented history 669: 29: 12704: 12635: 12577: 12506: 12240: 11880: 11837: 11627: 11271: 11214: 11093:Greek East and Latin West 11002: 10917: 10913: 10902: 10688: 10675: 10634: 10534: 10455: 10392: 10329: 10278: 10250: 10212: 10176: 10130: 10071: 10067: 10054: 9984: 9919: 9842: 9423: 9383: 9379: 9366: 9282:Geographical name changes 9226: 9103: 9019: 8929: 8873: 8869: 8856: 8838: 8727: 8697: 8660: 8651: 8615: 8578: 8525: 8516: 8476: 8472: 8450: 8389: 8353: 8311: 8263: 8134:Comasco-Lecchese dialects 8086: 8043: 8034: 7998: 7980: 7971: 7935: 7917: 7908: 7872: 7840: 7794: 7722: 7686: 7668: 7650: 7641: 7637: 7570: 7489: 7473: 7447: 7381: 7341: 7325: 7262: 7214: 7189: 7116: 7090: 7064: 7048: 7027: 6922: 6906: 6860: 6844: 6726: 6700: 6672: 6595: 6569: 6534: 6417: 6394: 6297: 6290: 6206: 6170: 6101:The Greek Language Portal 6030:Hellenistic Greek Lessons 6005:The Greek Language Portal 5765:Allen, W. Sidney (1968). 5740:10.2478/v10148-010-0013-x 5677:Scheler, Manfred (1977). 5503:10.31826/jlr-2019-173-407 5449:10.1515/9783110542431-022 5207:Medieval and Modern Greek 4282:Peter, Mackridge (1985). 3452:of the example text into 3442: 3353:. Additionally, the term 3270: 3258: 2907:comparing to modern Greek 2747:Use as scientific symbols 2059:Eastern Romance languages 1995: 1895:periphrastic construction 1435:Christian Nubian kingdoms 640: 602: 590: 564: 548: 464: 428: 410: 405: 325: 294:Official language in 292: 287: 271: 242: 228: 188: 178: 168: 142:and other regions of the 93: 81: 68: 66: 61: 10636:Administrative divisions 10359:Macedonia naming dispute 10199:Parliamentary Committees 10184:Conference of Presidents 7382:Other minority languages 5814: 5797:An Introduction to Greek 5656:Renfrew, Colin (1990) . 5601:Ralli, Angeliki (2001). 4767:Gray & Atkinson 2003 4139:Atkinson & Gray 2006 4135:Gray & Atkinson 2003 3522: 1830:inflectional forms for: 1820: 963:. It is recorded in the 777:ancient Greek literature 12285:Eastern Orthodox Church 10363:Language naming dispute 9123:Venetian Ionian islands 9037:Persecution of paganism 7694:Central-Northern Latian 7103:Cypriot Maronite Arabic 6744:Greek language question 6047:6 February 2009 at the 6017:Ancient Greek Tutorials 5633:Renfrew, Colin (2003). 5610:Renfrew, Colin (1973). 4779:Olsen & Thorsø 2022 4586:, pp. 190–191, 193 3901:Encyclopædia Britannica 3742:East European Quarterly 3683:(subscription required) 3669:(subscription required) 3655:(subscription required) 3641:(subscription required) 3625:(subscription required) 3611:(subscription required) 3380:dialect was written by 1924:(sometimes also called 1849:first, second and third 1718:In all its stages, the 1558:Ancient Greek phonology 1243:Geographic distribution 1183:Greek language question 1173:Greek language question 12614:Orders and decorations 12351:Greek Old Calendarists 10822:Science and technology 10782:Greek economic miracle 10649:Administrative regions 9095:Fall of Constantinople 9090:Despotate of the Morea 9062:Macedonian Renaissance 8326:Gallo-Italic of Sicily 8118:Bustocco and Legnanese 7270:Albanian Sign Language 5913:Newton, Brian (1972). 5443:. pp. 1816–1831. 5410:Jeffries, Ian (2002). 5366:Holm, Hans J. (2008). 4870:Nicolas, Nick (2005). 4812:Hooker, J. T. (1980). 4460:Bytyçi, Enver (2022). 3923:Haviland, William A.; 2908: 2871:Cypro-Minoan syllabary 2862: 2708:Use in other languages 2511:Archaic local variants 2232:Indo-Iranian languages 1930:note about terminology 1914:(traditionally called 1573: 1550:Modern Greek phonology 1262: 1227:is probably closer to 1219: 1124: 1005:Fall of Constantinople 979:, the language of the 961:Mycenaean civilization 959:: the language of the 927: 868: 604:This article contains 27:Indo-European language 12865:Languages of Calabria 12333:Greek Orthodox Church 10703:Athens Stock Exchange 10122:Supreme Special Court 8901:Cycladic civilization 8749:Italian Sign Language 8698:Other German dialects 7841:Other Italo-Dalmatian 7481:Turkish bird language 7455:Turkish Sign Language 7134:Turkish Sign Language 7124:Cypriot Sign Language 7049:Semiofficial language 6067:Swadesh list appendix 5812:Bibliotheca Augustana 5791:Schaeffer, John Nevin 5535:10.1017/9781108758666 5389:Hooker, J.T. (1976). 5100:"Diglossia in Greece" 4498:. Council of Europe. 4055:Malkin, Irad (2011). 3773:Bayır, Derya (2013). 3736:Toktaş, Şule (2006). 3550:Bronze Age Migrations 3222:monotonic orthography 2894: 2860: 2171:, etc. Together with 2077:Further information: 1785:(1st, 2nd, and 3rd), 1586:Koine Greek phonology 1568: 1554:Koine Greek phonology 1511:Ancient Greek grammar 1467:24 official languages 1459:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 1381:; in the area of the 1343:Eastern Mediterranean 1330:, and throughout the 1260: 1247:Further information: 1237:modern spoken English 1217: 1200:Standard Modern Greek 1141:in the 15th century. 1106: 1041:Eastern Mediterranean 919: 863: 730:Eastern Mediterranean 317:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 160:Eastern Mediterranean 12905:Languages of Ukraine 12890:Languages of Romania 12885:Languages of Hungary 12860:Languages of Armenia 12850:Languages of Albania 12619:World Heritage Sites 11201:Units of measurement 10594:New Social Movements 10157:Presidential Mansion 10014:Environmental issues 9735:North Aegean islands 9297:Renaissance scholars 9193:4th of August Regime 9143:Septinsular Republic 8996:Wars of the Diadochi 8971:Peloponnesian League 8201:Southwestern Lombard 7460:Mardin Sign Language 7183:Languages of Albania 7065:Vernacular languages 6754:Morphemes in English 6739:Eteocypriot language 6171:Origin and genealogy 6106:scanned images from 5588:Chapter 13: Albanian 5575:Chapter 12: Armenian 4930:Androutsopoulos 2009 4781:, pp. 209–217; 4761:, pp. 110–116; 4694:Obrador-Cursach 2020 4678:Obrador-Cursach 2020 4317:, pp. vii–viii. 4181:Tulloch, A. (2017). 4137:, pp. 437–438; 3850:United States Census 3578:Modern Greek grammar 3252:also functions as a 2000:Many aspects of the 1870:singular and plural 1854:second person formal 1777:Nouns and adjectives 1757:-formed future, and 1727:derivational affixes 1519:Modern Greek grammar 1345:, in what are today 925:Vladimir I. Georgiev 32:Proto-Greek language 12900:Languages of Turkey 12895:Languages of Sicily 12880:Languages of Greece 12870:Languages of Cyprus 12855:Languages of Apulia 12108:Musical instruments 11724:Greek Sign Language 11027:Concept of kingship 10876:Rio–Antirrio bridge 10842:Subdivisions by GDP 10506:Human rights abuses 10189:Hellenic Parliament 9148:War of Independence 9086:Despotate of Epirus 9052:Arab–Byzantine wars 9047:Plague of Justinian 8947:Iron Age migrations 8921:Bronze Age collapse 8906:Minoan civilization 8501:Vaccarizzo Albanian 7319:Languages of Turkey 7129:Greek Sign Language 7021:Languages of Cyprus 6914:Greek Sign Language 6838:Languages of Greece 6759:Terms of endearment 6734:Eteocretan language 6701:Promotion and study 6188:Pre-Greek substrate 6065:(from Wiktionary's 6042:New Testament Greek 6011:The Perseus Project 5807:Dionysius of Thrace 5787:Crosby, Henry Lamar 5560:van Beek, Lucien. " 5343:10.1038/nature02029 5335:2003Natur.426..435G 5267:1990SciAm.262c.110G 5255:Scientific American 4932:, pp. 221–249. 4850:Britannica Academic 4846:"Cypriot syllabary" 4582:, pp. 12, 14; 4564:. 18 November 2019. 4523:, pp. 164–203. 4342:(2 November 2020). 3925:Prins, Harald E. L. 3873:. Council of Europe 3723:, pp. 287–288. 3268:, 'whatever') from 2943:) form. The letter 2913:Phoenician alphabet 1677:development of the 1626:development of the 1592:replacement of the 1515:Koine Greek grammar 1093:New Testament Greek 1049:Alexander the Great 906:Anatolian languages 822:and developed into 816:Mediterranean world 327:Recognised minority 12840:Fusional languages 12722:1600–1100 BC 12405:Primordial deities 12309:Early 20th century 11773:Minority languages 10971:Aromanian question 10884:Thessaloniki Metro 10852:Telecommunications 10521:Political scandals 10436:Presidential Guard 10291:Capital punishment 10147:Government Gazette 9850:Canyons and gorges 9302:Hellenic languages 8991:Hellenistic period 8957:Greco-Persian Wars 8336:Judaeo-Piedmontese 8312:Other Gallo-Italic 7564:Languages of Italy 7215:Minority languages 7091:Minority languages 7028:Official languages 6779:Greek Language Day 6409:Jewish Koine Greek 6198:Hellenic languages 6095:Greek Lexical Aids 5986:General background 5291:on 6 January 2014. 4797:, pp. 634–635 4769:, pp. 435–439 4765:, pp. 17–48; 4745:, pp. 193–197 4652:, pp. 29–40; 4378:The World Factbook 3980:(published 2018). 3783:. pp. 89–90. 3781:Ashgate Publishing 2909: 2863: 2731:Old Italic scripts 2201:ancient Macedonian 1615:of vowels towards 1574: 1499:Treaty of Lausanne 1274:and the resulting 1263: 1220: 1125: 928: 869: 661:[eliniˈka] 115:Gjirokastër County 87:[eliniˈka] 12817: 12816: 12812: 12811: 12714:3rd millennium BC 12663: 12662: 12631: 12630: 12627: 12626: 12313:Late 20th century 12293:Early Middle Ages 11777:Albanian language 10975:Megleno-Romanians 10898: 10897: 10671: 10670: 10667: 10666: 10349:Council of Europe 10331:Foreign relations 10311:Life imprisonment 10242:Political parties 10050: 10049: 10046: 10045: 9999:Natural disasters 9944:Mediterranean Sea 9437:Aetolia-Acarnania 9362: 9361: 9358: 9357: 9316:Language question 9178:Greco-Turkish War 9127:Kingdom of Candia 8981:League of Corinth 8976:Peloponnesian War 8797: 8796: 8776: 8775: 8723: 8722: 8680:Southern Bavarian 8647: 8646: 8611: 8610: 8603:Triestine Serbian 8512: 8511: 8487:Arbëresh language 8448: 8447: 8444: 8443: 8385: 8384: 8349: 8348: 8102:Brianzöö dialects 8030: 8029: 7967: 7966: 7904: 7903: 7868: 7867: 7523: 7522: 7502:Turkey portal 7474:Whistle languages 7326:Official language 7278: 7277: 7190:Official language 7142: 7141: 6980: 6979: 6940:Macedonian Slavic 6845:Official language 6797: 6796: 6603:Cypriot syllabary 6530: 6529: 6404:Hellenistic Koine 6080:"Greek Inflector" 6024:Language learning 5971:978-0-674-36250-5 5950:978-0-19-508345-3 5935:Sihler, Andrew L. 5926:978-0-521-08497-0 5882:978-0-86516-241-9 5861:978-0-582-30709-4 5840:978-0-415-10002-1 5822:] (in Greek). 5778:978-0-521-20626-6 5690:978-3-503-01250-3 5669:978-0-521-38675-3 5648:978-3-8253-1449-1 5625:978-0-7156-0580-6 5562:Chapter 11: Greek 5544:978-1-108-49979-8 5466:978-3-11-054243-1 5441:De Gruyter Mouton 5423:978-0-415-23671-3 5381:978-3-540-78246-9 5329:(6965): 435–439. 5217:978-0-521-23488-7 5196:978-90-04-17418-4 5152:978-1-902937-33-5 5113:978-0-389-20291-2 5009:tourkogianniotika 4982:978-0-253-35361-0 4908:978-0-19-967512-8 4823:978-0-906515-69-3 4724:"Graeco-Phrygian" 4636:978-3-11-053081-0 4607:978-3-11-053081-0 4477:978-1-5275-7909-5 4340:Burstein, Stanley 4293:978-0-19-815770-0 4194:978-988-8390-64-9 4015:978-90-04-12835-4 4008:. Leiden: Brill. 3987:978-1-317-29049-0 3950:978-1-285-67758-3 3927:; Walrath, Dana; 3790:978-1-4094-7254-4 3681:(18th ed., 2015) 3667:(18th ed., 2015) 3653:(18th ed., 2015) 3639:(18th ed., 2015) 3630:Cappadocian Greek 3623:(18th ed., 2015) 3609:(18th ed., 2015) 3468:Article 1 of the 3431:Article 1 of the 3421:Romance languages 3318:Φραγκολεβαντίνικα 3312:Frankolevantinika 3283:scriptio continua 3179:diacritical signs 3164: 3163: 2939:) and lowercase ( 2887:Greek orthography 2867:Cypriot syllabary 2853:Cypriot syllabary 2847:Cypriot syllabary 2801: 2800: 2583: 2582: 2496: 2495: 2244:extinct languages 1993: 1992: 1643:to the voiceless 1566: 1471:minority language 1447:official language 1272:Greco-Turkish War 1121:Cappadocian Greek 1031:, the dialect of 1023:): The fusion of 1021:Hellenistic Greek 975:: in its various 750:Phoenician script 746:Cypriot syllabary 678: 649: 630: 629: 612:rendering support 608:phonetic symbols. 502:Cappadocian Greek 16:(Redirected from 12917: 12752: 12747: 12745: 12739: 12737: 12731: 12730:800–300 BC 12729: 12723: 12721: 12715: 12713: 12707: 12706: 12690: 12683: 12676: 12667: 12666: 12653: 12643: 12642: 12599:national colours 12516:Ancient Olympics 12413:Twelve Olympians 12341:Church of Greece 12301:Early Modern Era 12297:Late Middle Ages 12251:Ancient religion 11805:Megleno-Romanian 11702:Greco-Australian 11238:Heptanese school 11171:Independence Day 10915: 10914: 10904: 10903: 10677: 10676: 10598:Environmentalism 10260:Council of State 10069: 10068: 10056: 10055: 9381: 9380: 9368: 9367: 9252:Christianization 9112: 9082:Empire of Nicaea 9067:East–West Schism 9042:Migration period 9032:Byzantine period 9025: 9001:Roman–Greek wars 8962:Classical period 8935: 8934:(1100 BC-330 AD) 8916:Mycenaean period 8879: 8871: 8870: 8858: 8857: 8824: 8817: 8810: 8801: 8800: 8788: 8785: 8762: 8743: 8688: 8658: 8657: 8622: 8621: 8523: 8522: 8503: 8483: 8482: 8474: 8473: 8465: 8460: 8459: 8458: 8435: 8428: 8421: 8396: 8395: 8360: 8359: 8302: 8288: 8281: 8265:Emilian–Romagnol 8254: 8247: 8233: 8224: 8217: 8210: 8203: 8196: 8187: 8180: 8173: 8164: 8157: 8150: 8143: 8136: 8127: 8120: 8111: 8104: 8041: 8040: 8021: 8000:Franco-Provençal 7978: 7977: 7953: 7915: 7914: 7910:Occitano-Romance 7879: 7878: 7831: 7817: 7796:Extreme Southern 7765: 7660:Regional Italian 7648: 7647: 7639: 7638: 7595:Franco-Provençal 7562: 7561: 7550: 7543: 7536: 7527: 7526: 7511: 7510: 7500: 7499: 7498: 7424:Levantine Arabic 7317: 7316: 7305: 7298: 7291: 7282: 7281: 7181: 7180: 7169: 7162: 7155: 7146: 7145: 7019: 7018: 7007: 7000: 6993: 6984: 6983: 6945:Megleno-Romanian 6836: 6835: 6824: 6817: 6810: 6801: 6800: 6522:Greco-Australian 6295: 6294: 6276: 6273: 6263: 6260: 6250: 6247: 6237: 6234: 6224: 6221: 6157: 6150: 6143: 6134: 6133: 6083: 6059: 5975: 5954: 5930: 5909: 5892:"Greek Language" 5886: 5865: 5844: 5823: 5815:Τέχνη Γραμματική 5802: 5800: 5782: 5752: 5742: 5717: 5694: 5673: 5652: 5629: 5606: 5595: 5582: 5569: 5556: 5515: 5505: 5496:(3–4): 233–245. 5478: 5427: 5406: 5392:Mycenaean Greece 5385: 5362: 5313: 5292: 5290: 5285:. Archived from 5245: 5232: 5221: 5200: 5179: 5156: 5133: 5127: 5117: 5084: 5083: 5072: 5066: 5065: 5054: 5048: 5047: 5027:Tourkogianniotes 4966: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4939: 4933: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4878:on 6 August 2012 4874:. Archived from 4867: 4861: 4860: 4858: 4856: 4842: 4836: 4835: 4809: 4798: 4792: 4786: 4776: 4770: 4752: 4746: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4719: 4713: 4711: 4703: 4697: 4691: 4685: 4683: 4675: 4669: 4663: 4657: 4656:, pp. 65–78 4647: 4641: 4640: 4618: 4612: 4611: 4593: 4587: 4577: 4566: 4565: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4457: 4451: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4427: 4421: 4407: 4406:on 7 April 2012. 4402:. Archived from 4396: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4360: 4356: 4336: 4330: 4324: 4318: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4254: 4245: 4239: 4233: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4208: 4203: 4201: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4148: 4142: 4132: 4126: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4103: 4095: 4087: 4081: 4080: 4052: 4046: 4043: 4037: 4034: 4028: 4027: 4001: 3995: 3994: 3964: 3958: 3957: 3941:Cengage Learning 3920: 3914: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3896:"Greek language" 3892: 3883: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3847: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3816: 3807: 3806: 3770: 3761: 3760: 3733: 3724: 3721:Tsitselikis 2013 3718: 3709: 3704: 3698: 3693: 3687: 3684: 3670: 3656: 3642: 3631: 3626: 3612: 3598: 3581: 3580:for explanation. 3569: 3563: 3559: 3553: 3546:Mycenaean Greece 3542: 3536: 3533: 3511: 3506: 3505: 3497: 3492: 3491: 3490: 3464: 3445: 3444: 3348: 3347: 3342: 3332: 3331: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3314: 3273: 3272: 3263: 3262: 3248:). In Greek the 3247: 3246: 3203:smooth breathing 3173:Greek diacritics 2950: 2949: 2793: 2786: 2779: 2762: 2761: 2699: 2691: 2683: 2516: 2515: 2278: 2277: 2265: 2258: 2257: 2205:dialect of Greek 2175:, they form the 2067:Megleno-Romanian 1833: 1832: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1642: 1638: 1618: 1567: 1334:, especially in 1231:than 12-century 1210:Historical unity 1139:Byzantine Empire 943:sometime in the 884:Balkan peninsula 878:History of Greek 820:Byzantine Empire 683: 673: 671: 663: 658: 654: 644: 642: 595: 583: 579: 560: 540: 530: 520: 510: 504: 498: 488: 478: 469: 460: 454: 447: 441: 433: 424: 423: 415: 329:language in 277: 249:Ancient dialects 194: 89: 77: 71: 70: 59: 58: 21: 12925: 12924: 12920: 12919: 12918: 12916: 12915: 12914: 12830:Graeco-Phrygian 12820: 12819: 12818: 12813: 12808: 12799: 12790: 12781: 12772: 12763: 12750: 12742: 12734: 12726: 12718: 12710: 12700: 12694: 12664: 12659: 12623: 12573: 12551:Modern Olympics 12502: 12236: 11876: 11833: 11733:Mycenaean Greek 11623: 11267: 11210: 11186:Souliotic songs 11167:Public holidays 10998: 10994:Life expectancy 10955:Muslim minority 10936:names of Greece 10909: 10894: 10831:Merchant Marine 10802:Public pensions 10684: 10663: 10630: 10580:Hellenocentrism 10530: 10451: 10388: 10325: 10274: 10252:Judicial system 10246: 10222:Nationality law 10208: 10172: 10167:Maximos Mansion 10126: 10063: 10042: 10038:Protected areas 9980: 9915: 9838: 9473:Saronic Islands 9419: 9375: 9354: 9234:Ancient regions 9222: 9213:Democratization 9188:Second Republic 9173:National Schism 9110: 9105: 9099: 9023: 9015: 8942:Greek Dark Ages 8933: 8925: 8911:Helladic period 8877: 8865: 8852: 8834: 8828: 8798: 8793: 8792: 8791: 8786: 8782: 8772: 8758: 8739: 8719: 8705:Austrian German 8693: 8684: 8643: 8634:Calabrian Greek 8607: 8574: 8560:Natisone Valley 8545:Inner Carniolan 8508: 8499: 8468: 8461: 8456: 8454: 8440: 8431: 8424: 8417: 8381: 8345: 8313: 8307: 8298: 8284: 8277: 8259: 8250: 8243: 8239:Eastern Lombard 8229: 8220: 8213: 8206: 8199: 8192: 8183: 8176: 8169: 8160: 8153: 8146: 8139: 8132: 8123: 8116: 8107: 8100: 8096:Western Lombard 8082: 8026: 8017: 7994: 7963: 7949: 7931: 7900: 7864: 7842: 7836: 7827: 7813: 7790: 7776:Southern Latian 7761: 7742:Castelmezzanese 7718: 7682: 7664: 7633: 7566: 7556: 7554: 7524: 7519: 7496: 7494: 7485: 7469: 7443: 7377: 7337: 7321: 7311: 7309: 7279: 7274: 7258: 7210: 7185: 7175: 7173: 7143: 7138: 7112: 7086: 7077:Cypriot Turkish 7060: 7044: 7023: 7013: 7011: 6981: 6976: 6950:Pomak Bulgarian 6923:Other languages 6918: 6902: 6861:Greek varieties 6856: 6840: 6830: 6828: 6798: 6793: 6784:Trojan language 6774:Minoan language 6722: 6696: 6668: 6596:Writing systems 6591: 6587:Standard Modern 6565: 6561:Standard Modern 6526: 6480:Greco/Calabrian 6413: 6390: 6286: 6274: 6261: 6248: 6235: 6229:Mycenaean Greek 6222: 6202: 6193:Graeco-Phrygian 6183:Graeco-Armenian 6166: 6161: 6057: 6049:Wayback Machine 5983: 5978: 5972: 5951: 5927: 5906: 5883: 5862: 5841: 5816: 5779: 5760: 5758:Further reading 5755: 5714: 5691: 5670: 5649: 5626: 5545: 5467: 5439:. Vol. 3. 5424: 5403: 5382: 5310: 5218: 5197: 5176: 5153: 5125: 5114: 5093: 5088: 5087: 5074: 5073: 5069: 5056: 5055: 5051: 4983: 4967: 4963: 4953: 4951: 4941: 4940: 4936: 4928: 4924: 4909: 4895: 4891: 4881: 4879: 4868: 4864: 4854: 4852: 4844: 4843: 4839: 4824: 4810: 4801: 4793: 4789: 4777: 4773: 4753: 4749: 4741: 4737: 4720: 4716: 4709: 4704: 4700: 4692: 4688: 4681: 4676: 4672: 4664: 4660: 4650:Babiniotis 1992 4648: 4644: 4637: 4619: 4615: 4608: 4594: 4590: 4578: 4569: 4556: 4555: 4551: 4543: 4539: 4531: 4527: 4519: 4515: 4505: 4503: 4494: 4493: 4489: 4478: 4458: 4454: 4444: 4442: 4441:on 21 June 2013 4429: 4428: 4424: 4414:Northern Cyprus 4398: 4397: 4393: 4383: 4381: 4372: 4371: 4367: 4358: 4354: 4337: 4333: 4325: 4321: 4313: 4309: 4294: 4280: 4276: 4266: 4264: 4256: 4255: 4248: 4240: 4236: 4228: 4224: 4216: 4212: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4179: 4175: 4165: 4163: 4162:on 25 July 2021 4150: 4149: 4145: 4133: 4129: 4117: 4113: 4097: 4096: 4088: 4084: 4077: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4035: 4031: 4016: 4002: 3998: 3988: 3968:Comrie, Bernard 3965: 3961: 3951: 3943:. p. 394. 3921: 3917: 3907: 3905: 3894: 3893: 3886: 3876: 3874: 3869: 3868: 3864: 3854: 3852: 3845: 3841: 3840: 3836: 3818: 3817: 3810: 3791: 3771: 3764: 3756:. p. 514: 3734: 3727: 3719: 3712: 3705: 3701: 3694: 3690: 3685: 3682: 3671: 3668: 3657: 3654: 3645:Mycenaean Greek 3643: 3640: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3613: 3610: 3599: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3584: 3570: 3566: 3560: 3556: 3543: 3539: 3534: 3530: 3525: 3509:Language portal 3507: 3500: 3493: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3429: 3409:Arabic alphabet 3394: 3392:Arabic alphabet 3386:Hebrew Alphabet 3374: 3372:Hebrew alphabet 3364:communities of 3335:Frankish Empire 3307:Greek Catholics 3295: 3234: 3175: 3169: 3141: 2889: 2881:Main articles: 2879: 2855: 2849: 2841:Mycenaean Greek 2829:Michael Ventris 2818: 2812: 2807: 2797: 2768: 2703: 2697: 2689: 2681: 2675: 2670: 2656: 2651: 2597: 2571: 2514: 2256: 2228:Graeco-Armenian 2217:Graeco-Phrygian 2193: 2085: 2075: 2023:Mycenaean texts 2015: 1998: 1823: 1817:with the noun. 1779: 1716: 1562: 1560: 1548:Main articles: 1546: 1521: 1507: 1505:Characteristics 1443: 1441:Official status 1255: 1245: 1212: 1175: 1169: 1154:(also known as 1135:Byzantine Greek 1133:(also known as 1019:(also known as 987:periods of the 956:Mycenaean Greek 941:Greek peninsula 914: 902:living language 899:oldest recorded 880: 874: 851:Greek and Latin 789:Christian Bible 656: 610:Without proper 598: 586: 581: 577: 556: 536: 535: 526: 525: 516: 515: 513:Mycenaean Greek 506: 505: 500: 494: 493: 484: 483: 474: 473: 465: 450: 449: 448: 437: 436: 429: 419: 418: 411: 401: 400: 397: 330: 328: 321: 295: 288:Official status 278: 273: 264:Modern dialects 238: 231: 224: 205:Graeco-Phrygian 195: 192:Language family 190: 181: 180:Native speakers 164: 72: 55: 36:Mycenaean Greek 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12923: 12913: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12845:Greek alphabet 12842: 12837: 12835:Greek language 12832: 12815: 12814: 12810: 12809: 12802: 12800: 12793: 12791: 12784: 12782: 12775: 12773: 12766: 12764: 12757: 12754: 12753: 12748: 12746:600–1453 12740: 12732: 12724: 12716: 12705: 12702: 12701: 12693: 12692: 12685: 12678: 12670: 12661: 12660: 12658: 12657: 12647: 12636: 12633: 12632: 12629: 12628: 12625: 12624: 12622: 12621: 12616: 12611: 12606: 12601: 12592: 12587: 12581: 12579: 12575: 12574: 12572: 12571: 12566: 12548: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12518: 12512: 12510: 12504: 12503: 12501: 12500: 12498:Wayside shrine 12495: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12398: 12393: 12388: 12383: 12381:Kallikantzaros 12378: 12368: 12363: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12330: 12325: 12320: 12282: 12277: 12272: 12267: 12262: 12259:Modern Revival 12247: 12245: 12238: 12237: 12235: 12234: 12224: 12219: 12124:Byzantine lyra 12105: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12043: 12038: 12003:Rougatsiarikos 11892: 11886: 11884: 11878: 11877: 11875: 11874: 11869: 11864: 11859: 11854: 11849: 11843: 11841: 11835: 11834: 11832: 11831: 11829:Words for love 11826: 11821: 11812: 11770: 11752: 11745:Medieval Greek 11726: 11721: 11674:Greek language 11671: 11637:Greek alphabet 11633: 11631: 11625: 11624: 11622: 11621: 11547: 11528: 11523: 11504: 11486: 11471: 11466: 11456: 11441:Galaktoboureko 11426: 11384: 11345: 11343:List of dishes 11340: 11301: 11277: 11275: 11269: 11268: 11266: 11265: 11260: 11250: 11240: 11231: 11220: 11218: 11212: 11211: 11209: 11208: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11181:Rouketopolemos 11178: 11164: 11159: 11157:Plate smashing 11154: 11145: 11140: 11138:Naming customs 11135: 11130: 11125: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11014: 11008: 11006: 11000: 10999: 10997: 10996: 10991: 10986: 10948: 10943: 10929: 10923: 10921: 10911: 10910: 10900: 10899: 10896: 10895: 10893: 10892: 10887: 10872:Transportation 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10834: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10755: 10750: 10740: 10737:electric power 10730: 10725: 10720: 10710: 10700: 10695: 10689: 10686: 10685: 10673: 10672: 10669: 10668: 10665: 10664: 10662: 10661: 10656: 10654:Regional units 10651: 10646: 10640: 10638: 10632: 10631: 10629: 10628: 10623: 10609: 10591: 10573: 10559: 10549: 10538: 10536: 10532: 10531: 10529: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10513: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10480: 10470: 10465: 10459: 10457: 10453: 10452: 10450: 10449: 10444: 10442:National Guard 10439: 10429: 10424: 10422:Military ranks 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10398: 10396: 10390: 10389: 10387: 10386: 10384:United Nations 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10356: 10354:European Union 10351: 10346: 10344:Cyprus dispute 10341: 10339:Aegean dispute 10335: 10333: 10327: 10326: 10324: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10282: 10280: 10276: 10275: 10273: 10272: 10267: 10265:Court of Audit 10262: 10256: 10254: 10248: 10247: 10245: 10244: 10239: 10237:Pasokification 10234: 10229: 10224: 10218: 10216: 10210: 10209: 10207: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10186: 10180: 10178: 10174: 10173: 10171: 10170: 10163:Prime Minister 10160: 10150: 10140: 10134: 10132: 10128: 10127: 10125: 10124: 10119: 10093: 10077: 10075: 10065: 10064: 10052: 10051: 10048: 10047: 10044: 10043: 10041: 10040: 10035: 10033:National Parks 10030: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10006: 9996: 9990: 9988: 9982: 9981: 9979: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9925: 9923: 9917: 9916: 9914: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9880: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9846: 9844: 9840: 9839: 9837: 9836: 9818: 9792: 9758: 9732: 9670: 9639:Ionian Islands 9636: 9614: 9548: 9498: 9476: 9433:Central Greece 9429: 9427: 9421: 9420: 9418: 9417: 9412: 9410:Extreme points 9407: 9393: 9387: 9385: 9377: 9376: 9364: 9363: 9360: 9359: 9356: 9355: 9353: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9247:Ottoman Greeks 9240: 9230: 9228: 9224: 9223: 9221: 9220: 9218:Third Republic 9215: 9210: 9208:Military junta 9205: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9153:First Republic 9150: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9133:Ottoman Greece 9130: 9115: 9113: 9101: 9100: 9098: 9097: 9092: 9079: 9074: 9072:Fourth Crusade 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9028: 9026: 9017: 9016: 9014: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8952:Archaic period 8949: 8944: 8938: 8936: 8927: 8926: 8924: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8882: 8880: 8867: 8866: 8854: 8853: 8851: 8850: 8845: 8839: 8836: 8835: 8827: 8826: 8819: 8812: 8804: 8795: 8794: 8790: 8789: 8779: 8778: 8777: 8774: 8773: 8771: 8770: 8765: 8764: 8763: 8751: 8746: 8745: 8744: 8741:Italian Hebrew 8731: 8729: 8725: 8724: 8721: 8720: 8718: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8701: 8699: 8695: 8694: 8692: 8691: 8690: 8689: 8686:South Tyrolean 8677: 8672: 8666: 8664: 8655: 8649: 8648: 8645: 8644: 8642: 8641: 8636: 8630: 8628: 8619: 8613: 8612: 8609: 8608: 8606: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8584: 8582: 8580:Serbo-Croatian 8576: 8575: 8573: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8531: 8529: 8520: 8514: 8513: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8506: 8505: 8504: 8491: 8489: 8480: 8470: 8469: 8467: 8466: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8445: 8442: 8441: 8439: 8438: 8437: 8436: 8429: 8422: 8410: 8404: 8402: 8400:Rhaeto-Romance 8393: 8391:Rhaeto-Romance 8387: 8386: 8383: 8382: 8380: 8379: 8374: 8368: 8366: 8357: 8351: 8350: 8347: 8346: 8344: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8317: 8315: 8309: 8308: 8306: 8305: 8304: 8303: 8291: 8290: 8289: 8282: 8269: 8267: 8261: 8260: 8258: 8257: 8256: 8255: 8248: 8236: 8235: 8234: 8227: 8226: 8225: 8218: 8211: 8197: 8190: 8189: 8188: 8174: 8167: 8166: 8165: 8158: 8151: 8144: 8130: 8129: 8128: 8114: 8113: 8112: 8092: 8090: 8084: 8083: 8081: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8049: 8047: 8038: 8032: 8031: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8024: 8023: 8022: 8010: 8004: 8002: 7996: 7995: 7993: 7992: 7986: 7984: 7975: 7969: 7968: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7961: 7956: 7955: 7954: 7941: 7939: 7933: 7932: 7930: 7929: 7923: 7921: 7912: 7906: 7905: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7898: 7893: 7887: 7885: 7876: 7870: 7869: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7846: 7844: 7838: 7837: 7835: 7834: 7833: 7832: 7820: 7819: 7818: 7806: 7800: 7798: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7767: 7766: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7728: 7726: 7720: 7719: 7717: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7690: 7688: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7680: 7674: 7672: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7662: 7656: 7654: 7645: 7635: 7634: 7571: 7568: 7567: 7553: 7552: 7545: 7538: 7530: 7521: 7520: 7518: 7517: 7505: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7483: 7477: 7475: 7471: 7470: 7468: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7451: 7449: 7448:Sign languages 7445: 7444: 7442: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7385: 7383: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7345: 7343: 7339: 7338: 7336: 7335: 7329: 7327: 7323: 7322: 7308: 7307: 7300: 7293: 7285: 7276: 7275: 7273: 7272: 7266: 7264: 7263:Sign languages 7260: 7259: 7257: 7256: 7254:Serbo-Croatian 7251: 7246: 7241: 7240: 7239: 7229: 7224: 7218: 7216: 7212: 7211: 7209: 7208: 7193: 7191: 7187: 7186: 7172: 7171: 7164: 7157: 7149: 7140: 7139: 7137: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7120: 7118: 7117:Sign languages 7114: 7113: 7111: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7094: 7092: 7088: 7087: 7085: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7068: 7066: 7062: 7061: 7059: 7058: 7052: 7050: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7042: 7037: 7031: 7029: 7025: 7024: 7010: 7009: 7002: 6995: 6987: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6974: 6969: 6968: 6967: 6962: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6926: 6924: 6920: 6919: 6917: 6916: 6910: 6908: 6907:Sign languages 6904: 6903: 6901: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6864: 6862: 6858: 6857: 6855: 6854: 6848: 6846: 6842: 6841: 6827: 6826: 6819: 6812: 6804: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6730: 6728: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6704: 6702: 6698: 6697: 6695: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6678: 6676: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6666: 6661: 6660: 6659: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6633:Greek numerals 6630: 6628:Attic numerals 6625: 6620: 6613:Greek alphabet 6610: 6605: 6599: 6597: 6593: 6592: 6590: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6573: 6571: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6538: 6536: 6532: 6531: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6472: 6470:Constantinople 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6451: 6450: 6438: 6431: 6423: 6421: 6415: 6414: 6412: 6411: 6406: 6400: 6398: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6388: 6383: 6382: 6381: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6356: 6348: 6347: 6346: 6345: 6344: 6334: 6326: 6325: 6324: 6323: 6322: 6312: 6303: 6301: 6292: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6284: 6278: 6268:Medieval Greek 6265: 6252: 6239: 6226: 6212: 6210: 6204: 6203: 6201: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6174: 6172: 6168: 6167: 6164:Greek language 6160: 6159: 6152: 6145: 6137: 6131: 6130: 6124: 6117: 6116: 6112: 6111: 6104: 6098: 6091: 6090: 6086: 6085: 6078:Aversa, Alan. 6075: 6070: 6060: 6052: 6039: 6033: 6026: 6025: 6021: 6020: 6014: 6008: 6001: 5995: 5992:Greek Language 5988: 5987: 5982: 5981:External links 5979: 5977: 5976: 5970: 5955: 5949: 5931: 5925: 5910: 5904: 5887: 5881: 5866: 5860: 5845: 5839: 5824: 5820:Art of Grammar 5803: 5783: 5777: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5753: 5733:(1): 167–188. 5718: 5712: 5695: 5689: 5674: 5668: 5653: 5647: 5630: 5624: 5607: 5598: 5597: 5596: 5592:Olander (2022) 5583: 5579:Olander (2022) 5570: 5566:Olander (2022) 5543: 5516: 5479: 5465: 5428: 5422: 5407: 5401: 5386: 5380: 5363: 5314: 5308: 5293: 5261:(3): 110–116. 5246: 5233: 5222: 5216: 5201: 5195: 5180: 5174: 5157: 5151: 5134: 5118: 5112: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5086: 5085: 5080:United Nations 5067: 5049: 4997:frangochiotika 4981: 4961: 4934: 4922: 4907: 4889: 4862: 4837: 4822: 4799: 4787: 4771: 4747: 4735: 4714: 4698: 4686: 4670: 4666:Woodhouse 2009 4658: 4642: 4635: 4613: 4606: 4588: 4567: 4549: 4537: 4525: 4513: 4487: 4476: 4470:. p. 20. 4452: 4422: 4420:2: pp. 25–38 . 4391: 4365: 4331: 4329:, p. 161. 4319: 4307: 4292: 4274: 4246: 4234: 4222: 4210: 4193: 4173: 4143: 4141:, p. 102. 4127: 4125:, p. 192. 4121:, p. 35; 4111: 4082: 4075: 4047: 4038: 4029: 4014: 3996: 3986: 3959: 3949: 3929:McBride, Bunny 3915: 3884: 3862: 3834: 3808: 3789: 3762: 3748:(4): 489–519. 3725: 3710: 3699: 3688: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3582: 3564: 3554: 3537: 3527: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3520: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3498: 3482: 3479: 3478: 3477: 3466: 3465: 3454:Latin alphabet 3447: 3446: 3428: 3425: 3393: 3390: 3373: 3370: 3366:Southern Italy 3362:Greek-speaking 3340:Frankochiotika 3294: 3293:Latin alphabet 3291: 3233: 3230: 3171:Main article: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3086: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2903:, Athens, and 2883:Greek alphabet 2878: 2877:Greek alphabet 2875: 2851:Main article: 2848: 2845: 2814:Main article: 2811: 2808: 2799: 2798: 2796: 2795: 2788: 2781: 2773: 2770: 2769: 2767: 2766: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2750: 2749: 2741: 2740: 2739:Related topics 2736: 2735: 2734: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2710: 2709: 2705: 2704: 2702: 2701: 2693: 2685: 2676: 2671: 2669: 2668: 2663: 2657: 2652: 2650: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2598: 2593: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2569: 2564: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2551: 2546: 2543: 2538: 2534: 2533: 2528: 2525: 2520: 2508: 2505: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2488: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2475: 2470: 2467: 2462: 2458: 2457: 2452: 2449: 2444: 2440: 2439: 2434: 2431: 2426: 2422: 2421: 2416: 2413: 2408: 2404: 2403: 2398: 2395: 2390: 2386: 2385: 2380: 2377: 2372: 2368: 2367: 2362: 2359: 2354: 2350: 2349: 2344: 2341: 2336: 2332: 2331: 2326: 2323: 2318: 2314: 2313: 2308: 2305: 2300: 2296: 2295: 2290: 2287: 2282: 2274: 2273: 2271:Greek alphabet 2267: 2266: 2255: 2254:Writing system 2252: 2192: 2191:Classification 2189: 2168:cinematography 2074: 2071: 2014: 2011: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1981: 1968: 1964: 1963: 1960: 1943: 1937: 1936: 1933: 1905: 1899: 1898: 1891: 1878: 1872: 1871: 1868: 1861: 1857: 1856: 1850: 1847: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1838:Ancient Greek 1836: 1822: 1819: 1778: 1775: 1759:perfect tenses 1715: 1712: 1711: 1710: 1675: 1624: 1601: 1588:for details): 1545: 1542: 1506: 1503: 1442: 1439: 1417:in and around 1347:Southern Italy 1332:European Union 1328:United Kingdom 1288:Greek diaspora 1253:Greek diaspora 1244: 1241: 1233:Middle English 1211: 1208: 1171:Main article: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1163: 1147: 1143:Medieval Greek 1130:Medieval Greek 1101: 1100: 1097:Biblical Greek 1012: 968: 952: 913: 910: 876:Main article: 873: 870: 840:Greek diaspora 824:Medieval Greek 781:European canon 738:Greek alphabet 628: 627: 614:, you may see 600: 599: 596: 588: 587: 585: 584: 574: 570: 568: 562: 561: 554: 546: 545: 470: 462: 461: 434: 426: 425: 416: 408: 407: 406:Language codes 403: 402: 399: 398: 392: 387: 382: 379: 374: 360: 355: 350: 345: 340: 334: 333: 331: 326: 323: 322: 320: 319: 314: 312:European Union 309: 304: 298: 296: 293: 290: 289: 285: 284: 282:Greek alphabet 279: 275:Writing system 272: 269: 268: 267: 266: 261: 256: 251: 244: 240: 239: 234: 232: 229: 226: 225: 223: 222: 221: 220: 219: 218: 198: 196: 189: 186: 185: 182: 179: 176: 175: 170: 166: 165: 163: 162: 140: 122: 108: 103: 97: 95: 94:Native to 91: 90: 83: 79: 78: 64: 63: 48:Medieval Greek 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12922: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12827: 12825: 12807: 12806: 12801: 12798: 12797: 12792: 12789: 12788: 12783: 12780: 12779: 12774: 12771: 12770: 12765: 12762: 12761: 12756: 12755: 12749: 12741: 12733: 12725: 12717: 12709: 12708: 12703: 12699: 12691: 12686: 12684: 12679: 12677: 12672: 12671: 12668: 12656: 12652: 12648: 12646: 12638: 12637: 12634: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12582: 12580: 12576: 12570: 12567: 12564: 12560: 12556: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12517: 12514: 12513: 12511: 12509: 12505: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12468:Protestantism 12466: 12464: 12461: 12458: 12454: 12450: 12446: 12442: 12438: 12434: 12430: 12426: 12422: 12418: 12414: 12410: 12406: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12376: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12346: 12342: 12338: 12334: 12331: 12329: 12326: 12324: 12321: 12318: 12314: 12310: 12306: 12302: 12298: 12294: 12290: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12276: 12273: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12260: 12256: 12252: 12249: 12248: 12246: 12243: 12239: 12232: 12228: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12217: 12213: 12209: 12205: 12201: 12197: 12193: 12189: 12185: 12181: 12177: 12173: 12169: 12165: 12161: 12157: 12153: 12149: 12145: 12141: 12137: 12133: 12129: 12125: 12121: 12117: 12113: 12109: 12106: 12103: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12093:Ionian School 12091: 12089: 12086: 12083: 12079: 12075: 12071: 12070:Peloponnesian 12067: 12063: 12059: 12055: 12051: 12047: 12044: 12042: 12039: 12036: 12032: 12028: 12024: 12020: 12016: 12012: 12008: 12004: 12000: 11996: 11992: 11988: 11984: 11980: 11976: 11972: 11968: 11964: 11960: 11956: 11952: 11948: 11944: 11940: 11936: 11932: 11928: 11924: 11920: 11916: 11912: 11908: 11904: 11900: 11896: 11893: 11891: 11888: 11887: 11885: 11883: 11879: 11873: 11870: 11868: 11867:Media freedom 11865: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11845: 11844: 11842: 11840: 11836: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11816: 11813: 11810: 11806: 11802: 11798: 11794: 11790: 11789:Balkan Romani 11786: 11782: 11778: 11774: 11771: 11768: 11764: 11760: 11756: 11753: 11750: 11746: 11742: 11738: 11737:Ancient Greek 11734: 11730: 11727: 11725: 11722: 11719: 11715: 11711: 11707: 11703: 11699: 11695: 11691: 11687: 11683: 11679: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11666: 11662: 11658: 11657:Cyrillization 11654: 11650: 11646: 11642: 11638: 11635: 11634: 11632: 11630: 11626: 11619: 11615: 11611: 11607: 11603: 11599: 11595: 11591: 11587: 11583: 11579: 11575: 11571: 11567: 11563: 11559: 11555: 11551: 11548: 11545: 11541: 11537: 11533: 11529: 11527: 11524: 11521: 11517: 11513: 11509: 11505: 11502: 11498: 11494: 11490: 11487: 11484: 11480: 11476: 11472: 11470: 11467: 11464: 11460: 11457: 11454: 11450: 11446: 11442: 11438: 11434: 11430: 11427: 11424: 11420: 11416: 11412: 11408: 11404: 11400: 11396: 11392: 11388: 11385: 11382: 11381:Frappé coffee 11378: 11374: 11370: 11366: 11362: 11358: 11354: 11350: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11338: 11334: 11330: 11326: 11322: 11318: 11314: 11310: 11306: 11302: 11299: 11295: 11291: 11287: 11283: 11279: 11278: 11276: 11274: 11270: 11264: 11263:Religious art 11261: 11258: 11254: 11251: 11248: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11235: 11232: 11229: 11225: 11222: 11221: 11219: 11217: 11213: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11176: 11172: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11152:Hellenophobia 11149: 11148:Philhellenism 11146: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11126: 11123: 11119: 11115: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11103:Hellenization 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11078:Eastern Party 11076: 11073: 11069: 11065: 11061: 11057: 11056:Mariner's cap 11053: 11049: 11045: 11041: 11037: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11009: 11007: 11005: 11001: 10995: 10992: 10990: 10987: 10984: 10980: 10976: 10972: 10968: 10964: 10960: 10956: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10941: 10937: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10924: 10922: 10920: 10916: 10912: 10905: 10901: 10891: 10888: 10885: 10881: 10877: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10832: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10812: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10767: 10763: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10748: 10744: 10741: 10738: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10718: 10714: 10711: 10708: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10690: 10687: 10683: 10678: 10674: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10642: 10641: 10639: 10637: 10633: 10627: 10624: 10621: 10617: 10613: 10610: 10607: 10603: 10599: 10595: 10592: 10589: 10585: 10581: 10577: 10574: 10571: 10567: 10566:Republicanism 10563: 10560: 10557: 10553: 10550: 10547: 10543: 10540: 10539: 10537: 10533: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10496: 10492: 10488: 10484: 10481: 10478: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10460: 10458: 10456:Social issues 10454: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10437: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10399: 10397: 10395: 10391: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10364: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10336: 10334: 10332: 10328: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10306: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10283: 10281: 10277: 10271: 10270:Supreme Court 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10257: 10255: 10253: 10249: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10219: 10217: 10215: 10211: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10194: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10181: 10179: 10175: 10168: 10164: 10161: 10158: 10154: 10151: 10148: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10135: 10133: 10129: 10123: 10120: 10117: 10113: 10109: 10105: 10101: 10097: 10096:Constitutions 10094: 10091: 10087: 10083: 10079: 10078: 10076: 10074: 10070: 10066: 10062: 10057: 10053: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10004: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9991: 9989: 9987: 9983: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9966: 9962: 9958: 9954: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9926: 9924: 9922: 9918: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9896: 9892: 9888: 9884: 9881: 9878: 9874: 9870: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9847: 9845: 9841: 9834: 9830: 9826: 9822: 9819: 9816: 9812: 9808: 9804: 9800: 9796: 9793: 9790: 9786: 9782: 9778: 9774: 9770: 9766: 9762: 9759: 9756: 9752: 9748: 9744: 9740: 9736: 9733: 9730: 9726: 9722: 9718: 9714: 9710: 9706: 9702: 9698: 9694: 9690: 9686: 9682: 9678: 9674: 9671: 9668: 9664: 9660: 9656: 9652: 9648: 9644: 9640: 9637: 9634: 9630: 9626: 9622: 9618: 9615: 9612: 9608: 9604: 9600: 9596: 9592: 9588: 9584: 9580: 9576: 9572: 9568: 9564: 9560: 9556: 9552: 9549: 9546: 9542: 9538: 9534: 9530: 9526: 9522: 9518: 9514: 9510: 9506: 9502: 9499: 9496: 9492: 9488: 9484: 9480: 9477: 9474: 9470: 9466: 9462: 9458: 9454: 9450: 9446: 9442: 9438: 9434: 9431: 9430: 9428: 9426: 9422: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9405: 9401: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9388: 9386: 9382: 9378: 9374: 9369: 9365: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9335: 9331: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9292:Greek Muslims 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9272: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9235: 9232: 9231: 9229: 9225: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9128: 9124: 9120: 9117: 9116: 9114: 9109: 9102: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9087: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9029: 9027: 9022: 9018: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8939: 8937: 8932: 8928: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8886:Neolithic Age 8884: 8883: 8881: 8878:(pre-1100 BC) 8876: 8872: 8868: 8864: 8859: 8855: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8840: 8837: 8832: 8825: 8820: 8818: 8813: 8811: 8806: 8805: 8802: 8784: 8780: 8769: 8766: 8761: 8757: 8756: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8742: 8738: 8737: 8736: 8733: 8732: 8730: 8726: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8702: 8700: 8696: 8687: 8683: 8682: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8667: 8665: 8663: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8650: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8627: 8626:Italiot Greek 8623: 8620: 8618: 8614: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8598:Slavomolisano 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8585: 8583: 8581: 8577: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8532: 8530: 8528: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8515: 8502: 8498: 8497: 8496: 8493: 8492: 8490: 8488: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8475: 8471: 8464: 8453: 8434: 8430: 8427: 8423: 8420: 8416: 8415: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8405: 8403: 8401: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8388: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8369: 8367: 8365: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8352: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8331:Judeo-Italian 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8318: 8316: 8310: 8301: 8297: 8296: 8295: 8292: 8287: 8283: 8280: 8276: 8275: 8274: 8271: 8270: 8268: 8266: 8262: 8253: 8249: 8246: 8242: 8241: 8240: 8237: 8232: 8228: 8223: 8219: 8216: 8212: 8209: 8205: 8204: 8202: 8198: 8195: 8191: 8186: 8182: 8181: 8179: 8175: 8172: 8168: 8163: 8159: 8156: 8152: 8149: 8145: 8142: 8138: 8137: 8135: 8131: 8126: 8122: 8121: 8119: 8115: 8110: 8106: 8105: 8103: 8099: 8098: 8097: 8094: 8093: 8091: 8089: 8085: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8033: 8020: 8016: 8015: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7997: 7991: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7983: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7973:Gallo-Romance 7970: 7960: 7957: 7952: 7948: 7947: 7946: 7945:Vivaro-Alpine 7943: 7942: 7940: 7938: 7934: 7928: 7925: 7924: 7922: 7920: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7907: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7888: 7886: 7884: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7871: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7847: 7845: 7839: 7830: 7826: 7825: 7824: 7821: 7816: 7812: 7811: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7797: 7793: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7764: 7760: 7759: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7729: 7727: 7725: 7721: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7691: 7689: 7685: 7679: 7676: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7667: 7661: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7653: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7643:Italo-Romance 7640: 7636: 7632: 7628: 7624: 7620: 7616: 7612: 7608: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7575: 7569: 7565: 7560: 7551: 7546: 7544: 7539: 7537: 7532: 7531: 7528: 7516: 7515: 7506: 7504: 7503: 7492: 7491: 7488: 7482: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7472: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7446: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7409: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7380: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7340: 7334: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7324: 7320: 7315: 7306: 7301: 7299: 7294: 7292: 7287: 7286: 7283: 7271: 7268: 7267: 7265: 7261: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7238: 7235: 7234: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7219: 7217: 7213: 7206: 7202: 7198: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7188: 7184: 7179: 7170: 7165: 7163: 7158: 7156: 7151: 7150: 7147: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7115: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7095: 7093: 7089: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7072:Cypriot Greek 7070: 7069: 7067: 7063: 7057: 7054: 7053: 7051: 7047: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7017: 7008: 7003: 7001: 6996: 6994: 6989: 6988: 6985: 6973: 6970: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6960:Balkan Romani 6958: 6957: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6921: 6915: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6905: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6859: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6843: 6839: 6834: 6825: 6820: 6818: 6813: 6811: 6806: 6805: 6802: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6731: 6729: 6725: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6705: 6703: 6699: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6675: 6671: 6665: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6653:Cyrillization 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6623:Archaic forms 6621: 6619: 6616: 6615: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6600: 6598: 6594: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6574: 6572: 6568: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6533: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6486: 6485:Griko/Apulian 6483: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6449: 6448: 6444: 6443: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6436: 6432: 6430: 6429: 6425: 6424: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6397: 6393: 6387: 6384: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6343: 6340: 6339: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6321: 6320:Arcadocypriot 6318: 6317: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6307: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6296: 6293: 6289: 6282: 6279: 6269: 6266: 6262: 300 BC 6256: 6253: 6243: 6242:Ancient Greek 6240: 6230: 6227: 6217: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6209: 6205: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6175: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6158: 6153: 6151: 6146: 6144: 6139: 6138: 6135: 6128: 6125: 6122: 6119: 6118: 6114: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6096: 6093: 6092: 6088: 6087: 6081: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6068: 6064: 6061: 6056: 6053: 6050: 6046: 6043: 6040: 6037: 6036:komvos.edu.gr 6034: 6031: 6028: 6027: 6023: 6022: 6018: 6015: 6012: 6009: 6006: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5990: 5989: 5985: 5984: 5973: 5967: 5963: 5962: 5961:Greek Grammar 5956: 5952: 5946: 5942: 5941: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5922: 5918: 5917: 5911: 5907: 5905:9781884964985 5901: 5897: 5893: 5888: 5884: 5878: 5874: 5873: 5867: 5863: 5857: 5853: 5852: 5846: 5842: 5836: 5832: 5831: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5808: 5804: 5799: 5798: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5774: 5770: 5769: 5763: 5762: 5750: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5719: 5715: 5713:9789004244740 5709: 5705: 5701: 5696: 5692: 5686: 5682: 5681: 5675: 5671: 5665: 5661: 5660: 5654: 5650: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5631: 5627: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5608: 5604: 5599: 5593: 5589: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5558: 5557: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5429: 5425: 5419: 5415: 5414: 5408: 5404: 5402:9780710083791 5398: 5394: 5393: 5387: 5383: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5315: 5311: 5309:9789535172611 5305: 5301: 5300: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5234: 5230: 5229: 5223: 5219: 5213: 5209: 5208: 5202: 5198: 5192: 5188: 5187: 5181: 5177: 5175:9789027277473 5171: 5167: 5163: 5158: 5154: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5135: 5131: 5124: 5119: 5115: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5096: 5095: 5081: 5077: 5071: 5063: 5059: 5053: 5046: 5044: 5039: 5035: 5034: 5029: 5028: 5023: 5022: 5017: 5016: 5015:tourkokretika 5011: 5010: 5005: 5004: 5003:karamanlidika 4999: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4984: 4978: 4974: 4973: 4965: 4950: 4949: 4944: 4938: 4931: 4926: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4900: 4893: 4877: 4873: 4866: 4851: 4847: 4841: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4819: 4815: 4808: 4806: 4804: 4796: 4791: 4784: 4780: 4775: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4751: 4744: 4743:van Beek 2022 4739: 4731: 4730: 4729:Glottolog 3.0 4725: 4718: 4707: 4702: 4695: 4690: 4679: 4674: 4667: 4662: 4655: 4651: 4646: 4638: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4617: 4609: 4603: 4599: 4592: 4585: 4584:van Beek 2022 4581: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4563: 4559: 4553: 4546: 4541: 4534: 4529: 4522: 4517: 4501: 4497: 4491: 4484: 4479: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4464: 4456: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4426: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4405: 4401: 4395: 4379: 4375: 4369: 4362: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4335: 4328: 4323: 4316: 4315:Browning 1983 4311: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4289: 4285: 4278: 4263: 4259: 4253: 4251: 4243: 4238: 4231: 4226: 4219: 4214: 4207: 4196: 4190: 4186: 4185: 4177: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4147: 4140: 4136: 4131: 4124: 4123:Georgiev 1981 4120: 4115: 4107: 4101: 4093: 4086: 4078: 4076:9780199918553 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4059: 4051: 4042: 4033: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4011: 4007: 4000: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3974: 3969: 3963: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3919: 3903: 3902: 3897: 3891: 3889: 3872: 3866: 3851: 3844: 3838: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3822: 3815: 3813: 3805: 3803: 3796: 3792: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3777: 3769: 3767: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3732: 3730: 3722: 3717: 3715: 3708: 3703: 3697: 3692: 3680: 3679: 3674: 3666: 3665: 3660: 3652: 3651: 3646: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3622: 3621: 3616: 3615:Ancient Greek 3608: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3593: 3579: 3575: 3568: 3558: 3551: 3547: 3541: 3532: 3528: 3518: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3504: 3499: 3496: 3495:Greece portal 3485: 3475: 3474: 3473: 3471: 3463: 3459: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3451: 3450:Transcription 3440: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3435: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3399: 3398:Greek Muslims 3389: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3369: 3367: 3363: 3358: 3356: 3352: 3346:Φραγκοχιώτικα 3341: 3336: 3325: 3313: 3308: 3304: 3303:Venetian rule 3300: 3290: 3288: 3287:Boustrophedon 3284: 3279: 3277: 3267: 3261: 3255: 3254:silent letter 3251: 3241: 3240: 3229: 3227: 3226:Ancient Greek 3223: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3174: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2955: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2933: 2931: 2927: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2884: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2859: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2833:John Chadwick 2830: 2826: 2822: 2817: 2806: 2805:Greek Braille 2794: 2789: 2787: 2782: 2780: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2771: 2765: 2757: 2756: 2754: 2753: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2743: 2742: 2738: 2737: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2713: 2712: 2711: 2707: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2692: 2686: 2684: 2678: 2677: 2674: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2658: 2655: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2586: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2517: 2513: 2512: 2507: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2499: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2279: 2276: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2259: 2251: 2249: 2248:Palaeo-Balkan 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2197:Indo-European 2188: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2169: 2164: 2163: 2158: 2157: 2152: 2151: 2146: 2142: 2141: 2136: 2135:word elements 2132: 2131: 2126: 2125: 2120: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2101: 2096: 2095: 2090: 2084: 2080: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2010: 2008: 2003: 1989: 1988:medio-passive 1985: 1982: 1980: 1976: 1975:medio-passive 1972: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1961: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1934: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1918: 1913: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1873: 1869: 1866: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1855: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1841:Modern Greek 1840: 1837: 1835: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1763:optative mood 1760: 1756: 1755:synthetically 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1725: 1721: 1680: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1646: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1599: 1598:stress accent 1595: 1591: 1590: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1572: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1541: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1415:Mediterranean 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1292:United States 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1259: 1254: 1250: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1225:Homeric Greek 1216: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1195:Ancient Greek 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1174: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1131: 1127: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1098: 1095:or sometimes 1094: 1090: 1086: 1085:Old Testament 1082: 1081:New Testament 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1063:of Greek and 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1037:lingua franca 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1017: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 973: 972:Ancient Greek 969: 966: 962: 958: 957: 953: 950: 946: 942: 938: 937: 933: 932: 931: 926: 922: 918: 909: 907: 903: 900: 896: 892: 889: 885: 879: 867: 862: 858: 856: 852: 848: 843: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 812:lingua franca 809: 804: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 785:New Testament 782: 778: 774: 769: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 732:. It has the 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 686:Indo-European 682: 676: 667: 666:Ancient Greek 662: 653: 647: 638: 634: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 607: 601: 594: 589: 575: 572: 571: 569: 567: 563: 559: 555: 553: 552: 547: 544: 541: – 539: 534: 531: – 529: 524: 521: – 519: 514: 511: – 509: 503: 499: – 497: 492: 491:Ancient Greek 489: – 487: 482: 479: – 477: 471: 468: 463: 458: 453: 445: 440: 435: 432: 427: 422: 417: 414: 409: 404: 396: 393: 391: 390:United States 388: 386: 383: 380: 378: 375: 372: 368: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 335: 332: 324: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 299: 297: 291: 286: 283: 280: 276: 270: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 246: 245: 241: 237: 233: 227: 217: 214: 213: 212: 209: 208: 206: 203: 202: 201: 200:Indo-European 197: 193: 187: 183: 177: 174: 171: 167: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 138: 134: 130: 126: 123: 120: 116: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 98: 96: 92: 88: 84: 82:Pronunciation 80: 76: 65: 60: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 40:Ancient Greek 37: 33: 19: 12803: 12794: 12785: 12776: 12767: 12758: 12697: 12590:Coat of arms 12569:Rugby league 12483:Thymiaterion 12317:Contemporary 12305:19th century 12112:Askomandoura 11975:Metsovitikos 11939:Kalamatianos 11890:Church music 11749:Modern Greek 11682:Katharevousa 11673: 11661:Romanization 11598:Moschofilero 11512:Taramosalata 11433:Amygdalopita 11333:Spoon sweets 11325:Melomakarona 11247:19th century 11224:Architecture 11196:Tsiknopempti 11022:Clean Monday 10919:Demographics 10880:Athens Metro 10867:Trade unions 10837:Space Agency 10723:Central bank 10717:Central bank 10542:Conservatism 10516:Prostitution 10501:Human rights 10477:universities 10417:Conscription 10073:Constitution 9965:Thracian Sea 9953:Sea of Crete 9729:Thessaloniki 9611:Kastellorizo 9334:royal family 9262:Coups d'état 9257:Colonization 9198:World War II 9119:Stato da Màr 9104:Early modern 9077:Frankokratia 8843:Basic topics 8783: 8760:Sinte Romani 8616: 8570:Torre Valley 8518:South Slavic 8463:Italy portal 8155:Vallassinese 8036:Gallo-Italic 7572: 7512: 7493: 7367: 7231: 7034: 6888:Romano-Greek 6851: 6657:Romanization 6507:Romano-Greek 6497:Mariupolitan 6445: 6435:Katharevousa 6433: 6426: 6283:(since 1453) 6281:Modern Greek 6178:Graeco-Aryan 6163: 6089:Dictionaries 5960: 5939: 5915: 5895: 5871: 5850: 5829: 5819: 5811: 5796: 5767: 5730: 5726: 5703: 5679: 5658: 5638: 5615: 5602: 5521: 5493: 5487: 5436: 5412: 5391: 5371: 5326: 5322: 5298: 5288:the original 5258: 5254: 5241: 5227: 5206: 5185: 5165: 5142: 5129: 5103: 5079: 5070: 5061: 5052: 5042: 5031: 5025: 5019: 5013: 5007: 5001: 4995: 4988: 4986: 4971: 4964: 4952:. Retrieved 4946: 4937: 4925: 4898: 4892: 4880:. Retrieved 4876:the original 4865: 4853:. Retrieved 4849: 4840: 4813: 4790: 4774: 4763:Renfrew 2003 4755:Renfrew 1990 4750: 4738: 4727: 4717: 4701: 4689: 4673: 4661: 4645: 4626: 4616: 4597: 4591: 4580:Olander 2022 4561: 4552: 4545:Scheler 1977 4540: 4528: 4516: 4504:. Retrieved 4490: 4481: 4462: 4455: 4443:. Retrieved 4439:the original 4434: 4425: 4417: 4409: 4408:states that 4404:the original 4394: 4382:. Retrieved 4377: 4368: 4351: 4334: 4327:Alexiou 1982 4322: 4310: 4283: 4277: 4265:. Retrieved 4261: 4237: 4230:Renfrew 1973 4225: 4213: 4205: 4198:. Retrieved 4183: 4176: 4164:. Retrieved 4160:the original 4155: 4146: 4130: 4119:Renfrew 2003 4114: 4094:. HVD ALEPH. 4091: 4085: 4057: 4050: 4041: 4032: 4005: 3999: 3991: 3972: 3962: 3954: 3936: 3918: 3906:. Retrieved 3899: 3875:. Retrieved 3865: 3853:. 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The term 3278:, 'that'). 3232:Punctuation 3211:handwriting 2173:Latin words 2145:photography 2116:, theatre, 2089:mathematics 1950:subjunctive 1813:adjectives 1811:predicative 1807:attributive 1789:(singular, 1743:dative case 1733:and a rich 1731:compounding 1613:chain shift 1578:oral vowels 1475:Gjirokastër 1461:(alongside 1119:in orange. 1115:in yellow. 1039:across the 1016:Koine Greek 997:Middle Ages 947:era or the 936:Proto-Greek 921:Proto-Greek 891:clay tablet 828:modern form 797:Roman world 618:instead of 582:(varieties) 236:Proto-Greek 44:Koine Greek 12824:Categories 12751:Since 1453 12546:Ice hockey 12526:Basketball 12493:Vrykolakas 12361:Hypertimos 12200:Tambourine 12132:Macedonian 12078:Thessalian 12062:Macedonian 12046:Folk music 12023:Tsakonikos 11971:Maniatikos 11967:Leventikos 11899:Ai Georgis 11872:Corruption 11862:Television 11857:Newspapers 11801:Macedonian 11781:Arvanitika 11755:Literature 11649:Diacritics 11590:Malagousia 11586:Mandilaria 11582:Mavrodafni 11544:Macedonian 11445:Karydopita 11407:Kefalotyri 11391:Anthotyros 11337:Vasilopita 11303:Desserts ( 11243:Modern art 11162:Philosophy 11118:New Year's 11048:Fustanella 10967:Aromanians 10951:Minorities 10940:the Greeks 10772:Euro coins 10620:Trotskyism 10570:Venizelism 10562:Liberalism 10546:Monarchism 10535:Ideologies 10483:Healthcare 10296:Corruption 10143:Government 10009:Ecoregions 9976:Libyan Sea 9971:Ionian Sea 9949:Aegean Sea 9901:Peninsulas 9677:Chalkidiki 9633:Thesprotia 9559:Astypalaia 9555:Agathonisi 9551:Dodecanese 9404:co-capital 9108:Modern era 9057:Iconoclasm 9024:(330–1453) 8896:Pelasgians 8891:Bronze Age 8875:Prehistory 8286:Parmigiano 8078:Tabarchino 8068:Monégasque 7896:Logudorese 7815:Manduriano 7678:Florentine 7244:Macedonian 6935:Arvanitika 6674:Literature 6643:Diacritics 6386:Pamphylian 6377:Macedonian 6358:Northwest 6275: 330 6249: 800 6115:Literature 6058:(in Greek) 5457:1887/63481 5433:"Phrygian" 5091:References 5043:Mi'rājnāma 5021:Mi'rājnāma 4521:Ralli 2001 4506:8 December 4384:23 January 4262:Ethnologue 4166:20 January 3877:8 December 3871:"gree1276" 3855:17 October 3678:Ethnologue 3664:Ethnologue 3650:Ethnologue 3636:Ethnologue 3620:Ethnologue 3606:Ethnologue 3437:in Greek: 3419:, as when 3401:from Crete 3245:άνω τελεία 3239:ano teleia 3215:typography 3191:circumflex 3167:Diacritics 3083:lower case 2954:upper case 2803:See also: 2595:Diacritics 2213:isoglosses 2130:evangelist 2109:philosophy 2051:Macedonian 2019:borrowings 2013:Vocabulary 1954:imperative 1946:indicative 1926:perfective 1912:perfective 1867:and plural 1863:singular, 1771:analytical 1751:infinitive 1724:productive 1720:morphology 1714:Morphology 1645:fricatives 1609:diphthongs 1537:vocabulary 1529:morphology 1509:See also: 1453:) and the 1411:Azerbaijan 1089:Septuagint 1083:, and the 949:Bronze Age 728:, and the 726:Asia Minor 657:pronounced 576:56-AAA-aa 472:Variously: 230:Early form 156:Asia Minor 12769:Mycenaean 12488:Name days 12401:Mythology 12289:Antiquity 12208:Tsampouna 12196:Tambouras 12172:Pan flute 12102:Skyladiko 12066:Nisiotika 12031:Zeibekiko 11991:Pentozali 11983:Palamakia 11963:Pidikhtos 11923:Gaitanaki 11793:Bulgarian 11785:Aromanian 11714:Tsakonian 11665:Greeklish 11629:Languages 11618:Xinomavro 11610:Savatiano 11570:Kotsifali 11562:Assyrtiko 11508:Skordalia 11483:Hilopites 11419:Metsovone 11377:Tsikoudia 11365:Sideritis 11191:Theophany 11114:Christmas 11098:Greektown 11083:Festivals 11068:Tsarouchi 10963:Arvanites 10762:renewable 10733:Companies 10707:companies 10626:Anarchism 10612:Socialism 10487:hospitals 10473:Education 10407:Alliances 10402:Air Force 10316:Terrorism 10227:Parataxis 10214:Elections 10204:Presidium 10153:President 10131:Executive 9911:Volcanoes 9883:Mountains 9773:Corinthia 9673:Macedonia 9667:Zakynthos 9651:Kefalonia 9571:Karpathos 9537:Santorini 9487:Heraklion 9469:Phthiotis 9461:Evrytania 9445:Acarnania 9373:Geography 9243:Byzantine 9203:Civil war 9006:Roman era 8931:Antiquity 8527:Slovenian 8377:Triestine 8314:languages 8300:Forlivese 8279:Bolognese 8125:Legnanese 8063:Intemelio 8008:Valdôtain 7951:Mentonasc 7927:Algherese 7883:Sardinian 7874:Sardinian 7860:Sassarese 7855:Gallurese 7843:languages 7809:Salentino 7781:Tarantino 7752:Cosentino 7709:Romanesco 7623:Sardinian 7363:Bulgarian 7237:Himariote 7227:Bulgarian 7222:Aromanian 6930:Aromanian 6893:Tsakonian 6687:Byzantine 6664:Greeklish 6535:Phonology 6512:Tsakonian 6465:Himariote 6315:Mycenaean 6291:Varieties 6238:–1100 BC) 6225:–1600 BC) 5749:2083-4624 5553:161016819 5512:215769896 5475:242082908 5283:0036-8733 5062:ohchr.org 5033:Aljamiado 4917:881847972 4882:7 October 4795:Holm 2008 4100:cite book 3978:Routledge 3754:0012-8449 3673:Tsakonian 3588:Footnotes 3417:aljamiado 3382:Romaniote 3355:Greeklish 3207:diaeresis 2941:minuscule 2937:majuscule 2825:syllabary 2654:Ligatures 2230:) or the 2150:telephony 2114:athletics 2105:democracy 2100:astronomy 2063:Aromanian 2055:Bulgarian 2031:Loanwords 1828:synthetic 1773:) 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