175:
773:
632:
2588:
7881:
3085:
324:
2114:
369:
7891:
7901:
46:
4276:, p.66 (1963). Admission to Harvard, for example, required that the applicant: "Can readily make and speak or write true Latin prose and has skill in making verse, and is competently grounded in the Greek language so as to be able to construe and grammatically to resolve ordinary Greek, as in the Greek Testament, Isocrates, and the minor poets." Meyer Reinhold,
3285:
until the beginning of the 20th century. This was true as well in the United States, where many of the nation's
Founders received a classically based education. Latin was emphasized in American colleges, but Greek also was required in the Colonial and Early National eras, and the study of ancient
3472:
Ancient Greek is also used by organizations and individuals, mainly Greek, who wish to denote their respect, admiration or preference for the use of this language. This use is sometimes considered graphical, nationalistic or humorous. In any case, the fact that modern Greeks can still wholly or
619:
The Greeks of this period believed there were three major divisions of all Greek people – Dorians, Aeolians, and
Ionians (including Athenians), each with their own defining and distinctive dialects. Allowing for their oversight of Arcadian, an obscure mountain dialect, and Cypriot, far from the
1512:
The examples below represent Attic Greek in the 5th century BC. Ancient pronunciation cannot be reconstructed with certainty, but Greek from the period is well documented, and there is little disagreement among linguists as to the general nature of the sounds that the letters represent.
596:
The origins, early form and development of the
Hellenic language family are not well understood because of a lack of contemporaneous evidence. Several theories exist about what Hellenic dialect groups may have existed between the divergence of early Greek-like speech from the common
2278:
in aspect. Most tenses display all four moods and three voices, although there is no future subjunctive or imperative. Also, there is no imperfect subjunctive, optative or imperative. The infinitives and participles correspond to the finite combinations of tense, aspect, and voice.
3468:
translated into ancient Greek in his 1935 edition of the
Septuagint; Robert Hanhart also included the introductory remarks to the 2006 revised Rahlfs–Hanhart edition in the language as well. Akropolis World News reports weekly a summary of the most important news in ancient Greek.
8561:
2442:
Augment: Verbs beginning with a vowel, as well as those beginning with a cluster other than those indicated previously (and occasionally for a few other verbs) reduplicate in the same fashion as the augment. This remains in all forms of the perfect, not just the
3252:
Hóti mèn hūmeîs, {} ô ándres Athēnaîoi, {} pepónthate {} hupò tôn emôn katēgórōn, {} ouk oîda: {} egṑ {d' oûn} kaì autòs {} hup' autōn olígou emautoû {} epelathómēn, {} hoútō pithanôs élegon. {} Kaítoi alēthés ge {} hōs épos eipeîn {} oudèn eirḗkāsin.
3247:Ὅτι μὲν ὑμεῖς, {} ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, {} πεπόνθατε {} ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων, {} οὐκ οἶδα· {} ἐγὼ {δ' οὖν} καὶ αὐτὸς {} ὑπ' αὐτῶν ὀλίγου ἐμαυτοῦ {} ἐπελαθόμην, {} οὕτω πιθανῶς ἔλεγον. {} Καίτοι ἀληθές γε {} ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν {} οὐδὲν εἰρήκασιν. {}
943:
West vs. non-West Greek is the strongest-marked and earliest division, with non-West in subsets of Ionic-Attic (or Attic-Ionic) and Aeolic vs. Arcadocypriot, or Aeolic and Arcado-Cypriot vs. Ionic-Attic. Often non-West is called 'East Greek'.
1028:
Most of the dialect sub-groups listed above had further subdivisions, generally equivalent to a city-state and its surrounding territory, or to an island. Doric notably had several intermediate divisions as well, into Island Doric (including
2422:
Almost all forms of the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect reduplicate the initial syllable of the verb stem. (A few irregular forms of perfect do not reduplicate, whereas a handful of irregular aorists reduplicate.) The three types of
3256:
How you, men of Athens, are feeling under the power of my accusers, I do not know: actually, even I myself almost forgot who I was because of them, they spoke so persuasively. And yet, loosely speaking, nothing they have said is
971:, spoken in a small area on the southwestern coast of Anatolia and little preserved in inscriptions, may be either a fifth major dialect group, or it is Mycenaean Greek overlaid by Doric, with a non-Greek native influence.
1048:
All the groups were represented by colonies beyond Greece proper as well, and these colonies generally developed local characteristics, often under the influence of settlers or neighbors speaking different Greek dialects.
4271:
Thirty-six of the eighty-nine men who signed the
Declaration of Independence and attended the Constitutional Convention went to a colonial college, all of which offered only the classical curricula. Richard M. Gummere,
2365:, which affected the augment when it was word-initial. In verbs with a preposition as a prefix, the augment is placed not at the start of the word, but between the preposition and the original verb. For example,
612:—and that their first appearances as precise alphabetic writing began in the 8th century BC. The invasion would not be "Dorian" unless the invaders had some cultural relationship to the historical
4426:
1164:"of milk" (genitive). Ancient Greek of the classical period also differed in both the inventory and distribution of original PIE phonemes due to numerous sound changes, notably the following:
4502:
616:. The invasion is known to have displaced population to the later Attic-Ionic regions, who regarded themselves as descendants of the population displaced by or contending with the Dorians.
4383:
2431:
Syllabic reduplication: Most verbs beginning with a single consonant, or a cluster of a stop with a sonorant, add a syllable consisting of the initial consonant followed by
3954:
Dosuna, J. Méndez (2012). "Ancient
Macedonian as a Greek dialect: A critical survey on recent work (Greek, English, French, German text)". In Giannakis, Georgios K. (ed.).
3379:, to boost children's language skills, and was one of seven foreign languages which primary schools could teach 2014 as part of a major drive to boost education standards.
3904:
3071:
3406:, with Greek language and cultural organisations as co-organisers. It appears to have ceased in 2010, having failed to gain the recognition and acceptance of teachers.
2295:. This was probably originally a separate word, meaning something like "then", added because tenses in PIE had primarily aspectual meaning. The augment is added to the
588:, and in later poems by other authors. Homeric Greek had significant differences in grammar and pronunciation from Classical Attic and other Classical-era dialects.
4572:
3929:
Crespo, Emilio (2018). "The
Softening of Obstruent Consonants in the Macedonian Dialect". In Giannakis, Georgios K.; Crespo, Emilio; Filos, Panagiotis (eds.).
4289:
Harvard's curriculum was patterned after those of Oxford and
Cambridge, and the curricula of other Colonial colleges followed Harvard's. Lawrence A. Cremin,
3352:, usually as a third language after Latin and English, from the age of 14 to 18. In 2006/07, 15,000 pupils studied ancient Greek in Germany according to the
2571:
Reduplication is also visible in the present tense stems of certain verbs. These stems add a syllable consisting of the root's initial consonant followed by
605:, but its relationship to the historical dialects and the historical circumstances of the times imply that the overall groups already existed in some form.
3403:
8756:
4423:
4598:
2302:
The two kinds of augment in Greek are syllabic and quantitative. The syllabic augment is added to stems beginning with consonants, and simply prefixes
4179:
953:
had come under a strong
Northwest Greek influence, and can in some respects be considered a transitional dialect, as exemplified in the poems of the
620:
center of Greek scholarship, this division of people and language is quite similar to the results of modern archaeological-linguistic investigation.
3473:
partly understand texts written in non-archaic forms of ancient Greek shows the affinity of the modern Greek language to its ancestral predecessor.
8761:
8604:
4495:
3115:
4870:
2299:
of the aorist, imperfect, and pluperfect, but not to any of the other forms of the aorist (no other forms of the imperfect and pluperfect exist).
1064:, but with influence from other dialects. This dialect slowly replaced most of the older dialects, although the Doric dialect has survived in the
5028:
4447:
4374:
4737:
601:
and the
Classical period. They have the same general outline but differ in some of the detail. The only attested dialect from this period is
8500:
3830:
3290:. In particular, female intellectuals of the era designated the mastering of ancient Greek as essential in becoming a "woman of letters."
4954:– Information on the history of the Greek language, application of modern Linguistics to the study of Greek, and tools for learning Greek
4348:
3686:
3420:
4893:
3342:
3293:
Ancient Greek is still taught as a compulsory or optional subject especially at traditional or elite schools throughout Europe, such as
2466:), reduplicate by adding a syllable consisting of the initial vowel and following consonant, and lengthening the following vowel. Hence
8332:
6628:
3230:
4932:
3744:
3153:
style, but left-to-right became standard during the classic period. Modern editions of ancient Greek texts are usually written with
2381:
in the aorist. However compound verbs consisting of a prefix that is not a preposition retain the augment at the start of the word:
8571:
7937:
3554:
1380:
PIE and Mycenaean labiovelars changed to plain stops (labials, dentals, and velars) in the later Greek dialects: for instance, PIE
481:. It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been a standard subject of study in educational institutions of the
8536:
4858:
4407:
1485:. In Modern Greek, all vowels and consonants are short. Many vowels and diphthongs once pronounced distinctly are pronounced as
3886:
4469:
4256:
4078:
4032:
4007:
3963:
3938:
3898:
3646:
3353:
114:
8597:
6016:
3108:
3450:) is the first magazine of crosswords and puzzles in ancient Greek. Its first issue appeared in April 2015 as an annex to
86:
5021:
1799:
608:
Scholars assume that major Ancient Greek period dialect groups developed not later than 1120 BC, at the time of the
493:
and Classical periods of the language, which are the best-attested periods and considered most typical of Ancient Greek.
351:
1068:, which is spoken in the region of modern Sparta. Doric has also passed down its aorist terminations into most verbs of
6638:
6328:
6021:
5955:
4941:
4564:
4212:
3719:
2502:, despite its name, but it was generalized in Attic. This originally involved reduplicating a cluster consisting of a
6026:
6001:
4745:
4552:
3864:
3790:
133:
93:
1105:. Among Indo-European branches with living descendants, Greek is often argued to have the closest genetic ties with
7835:
6584:
6011:
6006:
4473:
8590:
8490:
6478:
6338:
6333:
5610:
4913:
4811:
3226:
3101:
2004:
990:, as Hatzopoulos and other scholars note. Based on the conclusions drawn by several studies and findings such as
341:
7862:
6503:
5917:
5014:
2045:
100:
71:
67:
978:
diverse theories have been put forward, but the epigraphic activity and the archaeological discoveries in the
8495:
8400:
7857:
7414:
6907:
6423:
6343:
6041:
5751:
4867:– Combines LSJ, Autenrieth, Smyth's grammar and inflection tables in a browser add-on for use on any web site
4853:
3477:
2826:
174:
3394:. Starting in 2001, an annual international competition "Exploring the Ancient Greek Language and Culture" (
280:
8766:
8229:
7930:
7830:
6359:
5813:
4797:
Swiggers, Pierre and Alfons Wouters. "Description of the Constituent Elements of the (Greek) Language." In
4594:
4325:
Roman Law, Classical Education, and Limits on Classical Participation in America into the Twentieth-Century
4176:
2136:
2087:
2082:
2022:
1767:
1141:
598:
20:
3612:
is imprecisely attested and somewhat reconstructive due to its being written in an ill-fitting syllabary (
2096:
2026:
2008:
1983:
1967:
1882:
1872:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1842:
1486:
1443:
1417:
1400:
1391:
1387:
1374:
1361:
1339:
1318:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1275:
1265:
1200:
1175:
1149:
82:
8159:
6885:
6493:
6369:
6031:
5985:
5940:
5716:
5405:
4835:
2314:). The quantitative augment is added to stems beginning with vowels, and involves lengthening the vowel:
2060:
1963:
1777:
983:
7424:
7546:
7419:
6552:
6547:
6523:
6433:
5950:
5048:
4624:
1680:
1667:
995:
8546:
8201:
7904:
7847:
6803:
6606:
6591:
6513:
6448:
5768:
5663:
5137:
5071:
4825:
3590:
3338:
2188:
1979:
6415:
6395:
5593:
5251:
4910:, an online collection of videos on various Ancient Indo-European languages, including Ancient Greek
4443:
3476:
Ancient Greek is often used in the coinage of modern technical terms in the European languages: see
1220:
561:, many of them with several subdivisions. Some dialects are found in standardized literary forms in
8464:
8304:
6601:
6564:
6498:
6164:
6051:
4764:
4127:"With the current state of our knowledge, we can affirm that Phrygian is closely related to Greek."
1243:
562:
478:
4983:
4967:
4758:
4640:
8751:
8526:
8474:
8405:
8324:
7923:
7884:
7008:
6808:
6793:
6596:
6579:
6559:
6528:
6428:
6364:
5980:
5965:
5935:
5896:
5773:
5625:
5127:
3294:
2834:
2292:
2132:
1693:
1630:
1617:
1509:
period. The writing system of Modern Greek, however, does not reflect all pronunciation changes.
1456:
1094:
772:
214:
56:
4996:
4248:
63:
8746:
8435:
8343:
8252:
8081:
7842:
6845:
6616:
6574:
6508:
6473:
5925:
5909:
5605:
5546:
5395:
5390:
4204:
3807:
3501:
3434:
3088:
1114:
982:
during the last decades has brought to light documents, among which the first texts written in
779:
638:
532:
520:
511:, which is regarded as a separate historical stage, though its earliest form closely resembles
34:
4887:
4337:
4070:
3709:
3666:
3636:
3286:
Greece became increasingly popular in the mid-to-late Nineteenth Century, the age of American
8551:
8439:
8359:
8338:
8289:
7894:
7123:
7113:
7103:
7088:
6778:
6518:
6488:
6443:
6438:
6069:
6036:
5838:
5743:
5729:
5385:
5256:
5220:
4986:– A summary of the latest world news in Ancient Greek, Juan Coderch, University of St Andrews
4946:
4711:
4544:
4236:
3560:
3507:
3485:
3481:
3360:
3267:
2961:
2224:
2108:
1825:
1573:
1560:
538:
4240:
4196:
4062:
947:
Arcadocypriot apparently descended more closely from the Mycenaean Greek of the Bronze Age.
8676:
8541:
8521:
8469:
8369:
8328:
7998:
7366:
7360:
7346:
6830:
6788:
6760:
6645:
6458:
5688:
5484:
4929:
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3736:
3584:
3513:
3452:
3050:
1643:
1502:
1135:
474:
242:
107:
4907:
3581: – Earliest attested form of the Greek language, from the 16th to the 12th century BC
1306:
572:
is a literary form of Archaic Greek (derived primarily from Ionic and Aeolic) used in the
8:
8516:
8364:
8144:
8102:
7970:
7497:
7467:
6855:
6750:
6745:
6182:
5497:
5410:
5380:
5334:
5097:
4785:
The Local Scripts of Archaic Greece: Revised Edition with a Supplement by A. W. Johnston.
4528:
Proceedings of the 2nd Pan-hellenic Congress for the Promotion of Innovation in Education
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1753:
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163:
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5122:
4801:
Edited by Franco Montanari and Stephanos Matthaios, 757–797. Leiden : Brill, 2015.
4669:
4308:
The Culture of Classicism: Ancient Greece and Rome in American Cultural Life, 1780–1910
4118:
3887:"Recent Research in the Ancient Macedonian Dialect: Consolidation and New Perspectives"
3536:
3383:
3149:
became standard, albeit with some variation among dialects. Early texts are written in
3055:
2951:
2436:
2239:
2228:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
1587:
1531:
1065:
991:
987:
979:
497:
418:
from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods:
219:
4404:
4241:
3557: – Landing page for looking up Greek and Latin word roots in the English language
804:
663:
314:
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4208:
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4003:
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2985:
2288:
2275:
2235:
1604:
1541:
1106:
1090:
1085:
197:
4957:
4830:
4719:, & Jean-Louis Perpillou. 3 vols. Paris: Klincksieck, 2009 (1st edn. 1968–1980).
3229:, the third is transliterated into the Latin alphabet using a modern version of the
2891:
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631:
347:
8456:
8425:
8299:
8168:
7990:
7719:
7251:
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6650:
5975:
5930:
5761:
5668:
5284:
5117:
5102:
5092:
4729:
4679:
Allan, Rutger J. "Changing the Topic: Topic Position in Ancient Greek Word Order."
4108:
3822:
3678:
3524:
3154:
2941:
2919:
2503:
2435:. An aspirated consonant, however, reduplicates in its unaspirated equivalent (see
2212:
2200:
1526:
1007:
1003:
968:
642:
456:
180:
27:
1034:
8685:
8566:
8556:
8262:
8097:
8011:
7975:
7965:
7734:
7492:
7280:
7093:
6835:
6701:
6633:
5960:
5558:
5540:
5534:
5448:
5425:
5299:
5210:
5170:
5107:
4936:
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4430:
4411:
4183:
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2125:
1992:
1876:
1811:
1548:
1536:
1352:
1179:
1110:
609:
602:
430:
419:
206:
8274:
7759:
7472:
3415:
2522:
with normal Greek development of laryngeals. (Forms with a stop were analogous.)
1030:
8712:
8614:
8415:
8410:
8395:
8279:
8267:
8050:
7946:
7616:
7556:
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5582:
5576:
5564:
5364:
5339:
5112:
5037:
5001:
4716:
4085:"Unquestionably, however, Phrygian is most closely linked with Greek." (p. 72).
3593: – Dialects and differences between the written standard and spoken speech
3566:
3530:
3518:
3395:
3376:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3166:
3146:
3012:
2997:
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2663:
2595:
2271:
2033:
1875:
was dropped from writing, to be restored later in the form of a diacritic, the
1598:
1478:
1102:
1073:
950:
516:
441:
411:
407:
402:
330:
259:
252:
4295:
Curriculum: A History of the American Undergraduate Course of Study Since 1636
4113:
4096:
3425:
965:
likewise had come under Northwest Greek influence, though to a lesser degree.
8740:
8531:
8430:
8257:
8242:
8210:
8154:
8149:
8124:
7852:
7769:
7744:
7434:
7356:
7038:
6981:
6880:
6870:
6840:
6696:
5848:
5630:
5522:
5478:
5440:
5279:
5200:
4930:
A more extensive grammar of the Ancient Greek language written by J. Rietveld
4444:"Ωρολόγιο Πρόγραμμα των μαθημάτων των Α, Β, Γ τάξεων του Hμερησίου Γυμνασίου"
3826:
3575: – Dialects and varieties of the Greek language spoken in the modern era
3457:
3287:
3186:
3150:
2587:
2424:
2408:
2243:
2216:
2164:
2152:
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783:
569:
490:
482:
445:
19:
This article is about the language. For ancient Greek population groups, see
4222:
3638:
Dictionary of Languages: The definitive reference to more than 400 languages
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It is a compulsory subject alongside Latin in the humanities branch of the
3158:
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Edited by Richard Janko, 8–19. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992.
1304:
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1951:
1943:
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1921:
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911:
906:
880:
852:
848:
750:
739:
573:
558:
546:
542:
512:
508:
486:
16:
Forms of Greek used from around the 16th century BC to the 4th century BC
7394:
4845:
4673:
1101:, which is considered by some linguists to have been closely related to
7626:
7596:
7591:
7576:
7462:
7429:
7098:
7068:
6735:
6463:
6297:
6139:
6134:
6124:
6109:
6094:
6084:
6059:
5435:
5190:
5145:
3931:
Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea
3891:
Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea
3889:. In Giannakis, Georgios K.; Crespo, Emilio; Filos, Panagiotis (eds.).
3461:
3364:
2936:
2267:
2144:
2068:
1926:
1474:
1216:
between vowels after an intermediate step of debuccalization: Sanskrit
1072:. By about the 6th century AD, the Koine had slowly metamorphosed into
962:
4974:
A Digital Tutorial For Ancient Greek Based on White's First Greek Book
4848:
by Winfred P. Lehmann and Jonathan Slocum, free online lessons at the
2113:
8446:
7601:
7527:
7512:
7482:
7477:
7409:
7333:
7318:
7303:
7246:
7146:
6798:
6730:
6302:
6282:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6207:
6202:
6172:
6119:
6079:
5858:
5724:
5678:
5658:
5289:
5160:
4886:
4849:
4278:
Classica Americana: The Greek and Roman Heritage in the United States
2526:
Irregular duplication can be understood diachronically. For example,
2507:
2251:
1892:
1887:
1838:
1494:
1470:
1299:
395:
307:
290:
272:
184:
4879:
4871:
Ancient Greek basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
4776:
Janko, Richard. "The Origins and Evolution of the Epic Diction." In
3225:
from the Classical period of ancient Greek. (The second line is the
1017:
dialect was Aeolic. For example, fragments of the works of the poet
368:
323:
45:
8390:
7651:
7641:
7631:
7606:
7384:
7351:
7313:
7256:
7171:
7156:
7013:
7003:
6920:
6915:
6312:
6307:
6267:
6262:
6237:
6217:
6144:
6099:
6089:
5945:
5843:
5778:
5706:
5314:
3613:
3372:
3142:
2135:, is highly inflected. It is highly archaic in its preservation of
2117:
1490:
1461:
The pronunciation of Ancient Greek was very different from that of
1098:
359:
7404:
4962:
4664:
Adams, Matthew. "The Introduction of Greek into English Schools."
3808:"Greek-Anatolian Language Contact and the Settlement of Pamphylia"
3769:, ed. R. D. Woodard, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 51.
2357:. The irregularity can be explained diachronically by the loss of
7915:
7794:
7784:
7729:
7724:
7709:
7699:
7684:
7679:
7566:
7454:
7444:
7323:
7298:
7293:
7266:
7261:
7241:
7231:
7221:
7186:
7176:
7166:
7118:
7108:
7083:
7048:
7043:
7018:
6671:
6453:
6114:
6104:
5863:
5833:
5823:
5818:
5798:
5793:
5673:
5620:
5329:
5319:
5309:
5304:
5294:
5006:
4917:
4724:
A History of Ancient Greek: from the Beginnings to Late Antiquity
3489:
3429:
3349:
3334:
3324:
3004:
2847:
2743:
2681:
2653:
1213:
1056:
in the late 4th century BC, a new international dialect known as
954:
613:
584:
378:
355:
8582:
7739:
7053:
3277:
The study of Ancient Greek in European countries in addition to
2414:
The augment sometimes substitutes for reduplication; see below.
7764:
7694:
7674:
7636:
7502:
7308:
7201:
7138:
7128:
7073:
6691:
6676:
6272:
6257:
6232:
6227:
6212:
5873:
5868:
5635:
5615:
5359:
5349:
5344:
5215:
5175:
5165:
5150:
4792:
A Companion to Linear B: Mycenaean Greek Texts and their World.
3391:
3387:
2789:
2404:
2259:
2192:
1038:
1022:
1018:
1014:
958:
4061:
Brixhe, Claude (2008). "Phrygian". In Woodard, Roger D (ed.).
2575:. A nasal stop appears after the reduplication in some verbs.
7774:
7749:
7646:
7586:
7571:
7439:
7399:
7151:
7063:
7058:
7028:
7023:
6998:
6681:
6222:
6177:
6129:
5701:
5653:
5354:
5324:
5271:
5246:
5185:
5155:
3439:
3368:
3310:
3278:
3218:
3193:
3182:
3178:
3020:
2971:
2956:
2902:
2815:
2771:
2735:
2707:
2645:
2609:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2400:
2388:
2382:
2372:
2366:
2349:
Some verbs augment irregularly; the most common variation is
2121:
2075:
2053:
2038:
2015:
1997:
1972:
1956:
1902:
1896:
1862:
1818:
1792:
1760:
1736:
1723:
1710:
1686:
1673:
1660:
1636:
1623:
1610:
1579:
1566:
1553:
1438:
1412:
1395:
1369:
1356:
1334:
1313:
1269:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1195:
1159:
1153:
578:
470:
389:
373:
156:
4951:
4097:"On the place of Phrygian among the Indo-European languages"
1144:(PIE) and other Indo-European languages in certain ways. In
7779:
7754:
7704:
7191:
7181:
4565:"Asterix speaks Attic (classical Greek) – Greece (ancient)"
3855:
Hornblower, Simon (2002). "Macedon, Thessaly and Boiotia".
2886:
2855:
2753:
2699:
2627:
2196:
2140:
1010:. Some have also suggested an Aeolic Greek classification.
4978:
4970:– Berkeley Language Center of the University of California
4864:
541:, divided into many dialects. The main dialect groups are
358:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
4958:
Free Lessons in Ancient Greek, Bilingual Libraries, Forum
4172:
3735:
Newton, Brian E.; Ruijgh, Cornelis Judd (13 April 2018).
3545: – Former prestige form of the Modern Greek language
3504: – Varieties of Ancient Greek in classical antiquity
3402:) was run for upper secondary students through the Greek
3375:. In 2010 it was offered in three primary schools in the
2761:
2725:
2717:
2689:
1868:
4569:
Asterix around the World – the many Languages of Asterix
2291:
adds (conceptually, at least) a prefix /e-/, called the
1477:
and single consonants; voiced, voiceless, and aspirated
489:. This article primarily contains information about the
4861:– Dictionaries, grammar, virtual libraries, fonts, etc.
4648:
4595:"Enigmistica: nasce prima rivista in greco antico 2015"
3382:
Ancient Greek is taught as a compulsory subject in all
3333:(grammar school – orientation: classical languages) in
3134:
The earliest extant examples of ancient Greek writing (
1129:
179:
An inscription about the construction of the statue of
26:"Classical Greek" redirects here. For the culture, see
4963:
A critical survey of websites devoted to Ancient Greek
4405:"Now look, Latin's fine, but Greek might be even Beta"
4291:
American Education: The Colonial Experience, 1607–1783
4274:
The American Colonial Mind and the Classical Tradition
4170:
and Paolo Ramat (Routledge, 1998 pp. 228–260), p. 228.
3587: – Last common ancestor of all varieties of Greek
3400:Διαγωνισμός στην Αρχαία Ελληνική Γλώσσα και Γραμματεία
4424:
More primary schools to offer Latin and ancient Greek
3484:
forms of ancient Greek roots are used in many of the
3414:
Modern authors rarely write in ancient Greek, though
3281:
occupied an important place in the syllabus from the
3185:
exemplifies the Archaic period of ancient Greek (see
2231:(first, second, and third) and various other forms.
786:(Southern Italy and Sicily) in the classical period.
4908:
glottothèque – Ancient Indo-European Grammars online
4876:
Ancient Greek Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words
4752:
Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction.
4247:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. p.
3982:
Collected Studies: Further studies on various topics
3404:
Ministry of National Education and Religious Affairs
1432:
1381:
1346:
1282:
1207:
1169:
523:
of Ancient Greek; Attic Greek developed into Koine.
4715:, new and updated edn., edited by Jean Taillardat,
4199:
Indo-European language and culture: an introduction
2234:Verbs are conjugated through seven combinations of
1845:that was used before velars and as an allophone of
1355:and some non-Attic dialects, was lost: early Doric
1148:, ancient Greek words could end only in a vowel or
74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4771:Greek: A History of the Language and its Speakers.
4373:
4041:
3880:
3878:
3876:
2446:Attic reduplication: Some verbs beginning with an
2403:'s practice, the augment is sometimes not made in
961:who wrote in Doric with a small Aeolic admixture.
565:, while others are attested only in inscriptions.
3418:wrote some poetry and prose in the language, and
8738:
4321:Ladies' Greek: Victorian Translations of Tragedy
3145:. Beginning in the 8th century BC, however, the
994:, Emilio Crespo and other scholars suggest that
5242:
4799:Brill's Companion to Ancient Greek Scholarship.
4375:"Ancient Greek 'to be taught in state schools'"
4094:
4047:Brixhe, Cl. "Le Phrygien". In Fr. Bader (ed.),
3873:
3765:Roger D. Woodard (2008), "Greek dialects", in:
3539: – Branch of Indo-European language family
3521: – Script used to write the Greek language
1002:, which shares isoglosses with its neighboring
4726:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
4712:Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque
4229:
4140:. Cambridge University Press, 2007, pp. 11–12.
3328:
1041:), and Northern Peloponnesus Doric (including
623:One standard formulation for the dialects is:
8598:
7931:
5022:
4790:Morpurgo Davies, Anna, and Yves Duhoux, eds.
4778:The Iliad: A Commentary. Vol. 4, Books 13–16.
4738:Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies
4293:, pp. 128–129 (1970), and Frederick Rudolph,
4095:Obrador-Cursach, Bartomeu (1 December 2019).
3956:Ancient Macedonia: Language, History, Culture
3924:
3922:
3848:
3551: – Dialect of Greek in the ancient world
3510: – Grammar of the Ancient Greek language
3109:
1855:was assimilated to before voiced consonants.
1437:were devoiced and became the aspirated stops
8501:Institute for Language and Speech Processing
4635:
4633:
4619:Rahlfs, Alfred, and Hanhart, Robert (eds.),
4323:, pp. 5–6 (2017). See also Timothy Kearley,
3734:
3707:
3569: – Medieval stage of the Greek language
2099:raised to , probably by the 4th century BC.
1060:or Common Greek developed, largely based on
3995:
3884:
3460:included a preface, a short history of the
3356:, and 280,000 pupils studied it in Italy.
3314:
1422:
1405:
1323:
1228:
1184:
8757:Languages attested from the 9th century BC
8605:
8591:
7938:
7924:
5908:
5029:
5015:
4757:Hansen, Hardy and Quinn, Gerald M. (1992)
4734:Greek Scripts: An Illustrated Introduction
4694:A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language.
4687:Athenaze: An Introduction to Ancient Greek
4414:, TES Editorial, 2010 – TSL Education Ltd.
4138:Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction
3958:. Centre for Greek Language. p. 145.
3947:
3919:
3854:
3409:
3207:Ἀτρεΐδης τε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν καὶ δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.
3203:οἰωνοῖσί τε πᾶσι· Διὸς δ' ἐτελείετο βουλή·
3116:
3102:
2458:, followed by a sonorant (or occasionally
1033:), Southern Peloponnesus Doric (including
322:
173:
4630:
4112:
3859:(Third ed.). Routledge. p. 90.
3438:have been translated into ancient Greek.
568:There are also several historical forms.
134:Learn how and when to remove this message
8572:Comparison of Ancient Greek dictionaries
4794:Vol. 1. Louvain, Belgium: Peeters, 2008.
4022:
3555:List of Greek and Latin roots in English
3421:Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
3363:. Ancient Greek is taught at most major
2242:(generally simply called "tenses"): the
2112:
1505:. Many of the changes took place in the
1501:, and the pitch accent has changed to a
367:
62:Relevant discussion may be found on the
8762:9th-century BC establishments in Greece
4541:Areios Potēr kai ē tu philosophu lithos
4194:
4188:
4069:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
3978:
3893:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 299–324.
3805:
3671:Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire
3527: – Marks added to letters in Greek
3197:οὐλομένην, ἣ μυρί' Ἀχαιοῖς ἄλγε' ἔθηκε,
3169:, but these were all introduced later.
352:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
8739:
6962:
4681:Mnemosyne: Bibliotheca Classica Batava
4575:from the original on 30 September 2011
4476:from the original on 30 September 2022
4354:from the original on 18 September 2018
4235:
4060:
3953:
3928:
3778:
3759:
3714:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 445.
3708:Hose, Martin; Schenker, David (2015).
3689:from the original on 30 September 2022
3641:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 230.
3201:ἡρώων, αὐτοὺς δὲ ἑλώρια τεῦχε κύνεσσιν
3199:πολλὰς δ' ἰφθίμους ψυχὰς Ἄϊδι προΐαψεν
2361:between vowels, or that of the letter
8586:
7919:
7819:
6961:
6390:
5894:
5241:
5061:
5010:
4773:2d ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
4754:2d ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
4703:Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2010.
4508:from the original on 15 December 2018
3661:
3354:Federal Statistical Office of Germany
3341:in Belgium and it is optional in the
1871:) was co-opted to stand for a vowel,
1450:
401:
7430:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
5062:
4722:Christidis, Anastasios-Phoibos, ed.
4470:"ΩΡΟΛΟΓΙΟ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΓΕΝΙΚΟΥ ΛΥΚΕΙΟΥ"
4386:from the original on 10 January 2022
4203:. Malden, Mass: Blackwell. pp.
4051:, pp. 165–178, Paris: CNRS Editions.
3782:A Companion to the Greek Lyric Poets
3205:ἐξ οὗ δὴ τὰ πρῶτα διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε
1130:Differences from Proto-Indo-European
1079:
788:
647:
72:adding citations to reliable sources
39:
4997:Perseus – Greek and Roman Materials
4923:
4065:The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor
3195:Μῆνιν ἄειδε, θεά, Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος
2498:. This is not actually specific to
2143:(including proper nouns) have five
13:
7945:
6391:
5036:
4990:
4658:
4530:. Vol. II. 2016. p. 548.
4151:Indo-European Language and Culture
3933:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 329.
3907:from the original on 27 April 2021
3885:Hatzopoulos, Miltiades B. (2018).
3836:from the original on 17 April 2021
2568:through compensatory lengthening.
469:Ancient Greek was the language of
14:
8778:
8612:
4904:– online editor for Ancient Greek
4805:
4787:Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1990.
4701:Etymological Dictionary of Greek.
4601:from the original on 28 July 2020
4433:, The Telegraph, 26 November 2012
3634:
2578:
2086:
2081:
2059:
2044:
2021:
2003:
1978:
1962:
1886:
1824:
1798:
1776:
1766:
1742:
1729:
1716:
1692:
1679:
1666:
1642:
1629:
1616:
1586:
1572:
1559:
515:, and its latest form approaches
507:), Ancient Greek was followed by
7899:
7889:
7880:
7879:
4496:"Annex to 2012 Greek statistics"
4450:from the original on 1 June 2015
4101:Journal of Language Relationship
3747:from the original on 20 May 2019
3084:
3083:
2586:
2417:
1321:"who" (relative pronoun); Latin
771:
630:
301:(includes all pre-modern stages)
44:
8655:300 BC – AD 600
8491:Hellenic Foundation for Culture
7900:
4613:
4587:
4557:
4534:
4520:
4488:
4462:
4436:
4417:
4398:
4366:
4330:
4313:
4300:
4283:
4265:
4162:Henry M. Hoenigswald, "Greek",
4156:
4143:
4130:
4088:
4054:
4027:. London: Vintage. p. 18.
4016:
3989:
3972:
3767:The Ancient Languages of Europe
3711:A Companion to Greek Literature
3492:and in scientific terminology.
3367:worldwide, often combined with
3272:
3172:
1152:; final stops were lost, as in
55:needs additional citations for
4696:Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
4177:Languages across Europe: Greek
3799:
3772:
3728:
3701:
3655:
3628:
3603:
3533: – Indo-European language
1:
8660:
8652:
8644:
8636:
8628:
8496:Center for the Greek Language
8054:
8041:
8028:
8015:
8002:
5501:
5488:
5469:
5452:
4854:University of Texas at Austin
4195:Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004).
3999:Alexander the Great: A Reader
3622:
3478:English words of Greek origin
3261:
3141:) are in the syllabic script
3135:
2131:Greek, like all of the older
2102:
1516:
1431:PIE "voiced aspirated" stops
1097:language of West and Central
916:Euboean and colonies in Italy
501:
477:historians, playwrights, and
460:
449:
434:
423:
6629:Funeral and burial practices
5814:Military of Mycenaean Greece
4942:Recitation of classics books
4836:Resources in other libraries
4501:. UNESCO. 2012. p. 26.
3240:
2913:Diacritics and other symbols
2564:
2558:
2552:
2550:) because it was originally
2546:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2508:
1949:
1867:, but when the same letter (
1178:at the beginning of a word (
1124:
974:Regarding the speech of the
599:Proto-Indo-European language
406:) includes the forms of the
396:
164:
21:List of ancient Greek tribes
7:
4850:Linguistics Research Center
4689:(Oxford University Press).
4164:The Indo-European Languages
4023:Reynolds, Margaret (2001).
3985:. A.M. Hakkert. p. 79.
3857:The Greek World, 479–323 BC
3806:Skelton, Christina (2017).
3779:Gerber, Douglas E. (1997).
3495:
3155:accents and breathing marks
1305:
1219:
1140:Ancient Greek differs from
526:
10:
8783:
6553:Greek Revival architecture
5895:
4947:Perseus Greek dictionaries
4783:Jeffery, Lilian Hamilton.
4760:Greek: An Intensive Course
4625:Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft
4621:Septuaginta, editio altera
4153:. Blackwell, 2004, p. 181.
3440:
3337:, in classical studies in
3305:. It is compulsory in the
3265:
3194:
3127:
2389:
2383:
2373:
2367:
2282:
2106:
2076:
2054:
2039:
2016:
1998:
1973:
1957:
1903:
1897:
1863:
1819:
1793:
1761:
1737:
1724:
1711:
1687:
1674:
1661:
1637:
1624:
1611:
1580:
1567:
1554:
1497:in diphthongs have become
1454:
1439:
1433:
1413:
1396:
1382:
1370:
1357:
1347:
1335:
1314:
1283:
1270:
1260:
1208:
1196:
1170:
1160:
1154:
1133:
1083:
829:(probably Northwest Doric)
688:(probably Northwest Doric)
591:
530:
390:
157:
32:
25:
18:
8621:
8509:
8483:
8455:
8378:
8352:
8317:
8200:
8177:
8080:
8073:
7989:
7953:
7875:
7826:
7820:
7815:
7660:
7537:
7526:
7453:
7375:
7332:
7279:
7137:
6989:
6980:
6976:
6957:
6906:
6821:
6759:
6721:
6714:
6664:
6624:
6615:
6537:
6414:
6410:
6386:
6352:
6321:
6163:
6050:
5994:
5961:Attalid kings of Pergamon
5916:
5907:
5903:
5890:
5769:Antigonid Macedonian army
5742:
5715:
5687:
5644:
5601:
5592:
5434:
5373:
5270:
5266:
5237:
5136:
5085:
5081:
5057:
5044:
4831:Resources in your library
4327:, pp. 54–55, 97–98 (2022)
4114:10.31826/jlr-2019-173-407
4002:. Routledge. p. 71.
3996:Worthington, Ian (2012).
3591:Varieties of Modern Greek
3399:
3072:Use as scientific symbols
2139:forms. In ancient Greek,
2072:
1925:
1920:
1911:
1885:was probably a voiceless
1810:
1784:
1752:
1597:
1547:
1523:
1493:). Some of the stops and
980:Greek region of Macedonia
338:
321:
305:
288:
270:
265:
249:
235:
203:
192:
172:
155:
150:
4765:Fordham University Press
4182:14 November 2020 at the
4049:Langues indo-européennes
3827:10.1525/ca.2017.36.1.104
3597:
3371:as part of the study of
1891:when word-initially and
331:Ancient (Homeric) Greece
8527:Greek language question
4968:Ancient Greek Tutorials
4894:Encyclopædia Britannica
4692:Bakker, Egbert J., ed.
3979:Hammond, N.G.L (1997).
3741:Encyclopædia Britannica
3410:Modern real-world usage
3237:
2538:) has the perfect stem
2287:The indicative of past
2133:Indo-European languages
1457:Ancient Greek phonology
1254:
1248:
1052:After the conquests of
1006:spoken in northeastern
1000:Northwest Doric dialect
5995:Artists & scholars
5910:List of ancient Greeks
5547:Second Athenian League
5396:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
5221:Ancient Greek colonies
4935:7 January 2021 at the
4897:(11th ed.). 1911.
4888:"Greek Language"
4859:Online Greek resources
4846:Classical Greek Online
4641:"Akropolis World News"
4338:"Ministry publication"
3785:. Brill. p. 255.
3683:10.3406/rbph.2012.8269
3563:(mostly ancient Greek)
3502:Ancient Greek dialects
3435:The Adventures of Alix
3329:
3315:
3033:Use in other languages
2836:Archaic local variants
2306:(stems beginning with
2128:
1423:
1406:
1394:in Attic: Attic Greek
1324:
1229:
1185:
1158:"milk", compared with
1115:Indo-Iranian languages
533:Ancient Greek dialects
475:fifth-century Athenian
403:[hellɛːnikɛ́ː]
382:
340:This article contains
35:Greek (disambiguation)
7114:Sybaris on the Traeis
5839:Sacred Band of Thebes
5579:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
5093:Cycladic civilization
4880:Swadesh list appendix
4750:Fortson, Benjamin W.
4699:Beekes, Robert S. P.
4651:on 22 September 2016.
4410:3 August 2010 at the
4149:Benjamin W. Fortson.
3561:List of Greek phrases
3508:Ancient Greek grammar
3361:Spanish Baccalaureate
3323:, in some classes in
3268:Neoclassical compound
2223:(active, middle, and
2116:
2109:Ancient Greek grammar
1467:long and short vowels
1294:(debuccalization) or
892:Aegean/Asiatic Aeolic
539:pluricentric language
519:. There were several
371:
8537:Morphemes in English
8522:Eteocypriot language
7954:Origin and genealogy
6639:mythological figures
6360:Ancient Greek tribes
5485:Peloponnesian League
4984:Acropolis World News
4769:Horrocks, Geoffrey.
4683:67.2: 181–213, 2014.
4668:61.1: 102–13, 2014.
4429:13 June 2018 at the
4168:Anna Giacalone Ramat
4025:The Sappho Companion
3585:Proto-Greek language
3514:Ancient Greek accent
3453:Hebdomada Aenigmatum
3343:humanities-oriented
2506:and sonorant, hence
2227:), as well as three
2120:bearing the name of
1861:was earlier written
1465:. Ancient Greek had
1351:, which occurred in
1136:Proto-Greek language
537:Ancient Greek was a
68:improve this article
33:For other uses, see
8767:Languages of Sicily
8542:Terms of endearment
8517:Eteocretan language
8484:Promotion and study
7971:Pre-Greek substrate
6751:Tunnel of Eupalinos
6746:Theatre of Dionysus
6370:Ancient Macedonians
5986:Tyrants of Syracuse
5498:Amphictyonic League
5098:Minoan civilization
5002:Ancient Greek Texts
4979:New Testament Greek
4878:(from Wiktionary's
4380:The Daily Telegraph
4306:Caroline Winterer,
3815:Classical Antiquity
3447:Onomata Kechiasmena
3189:for more details):
2371:(I attack) goes to
2137:Proto-Indo-European
1258:> ancient Greek
1142:Proto-Indo-European
1054:Alexander the Great
1021:from the island of
1004:Thessalian dialects
976:ancient Macedonians
930:Arcadocypriot Greek
427: 1400–1200 BC
8639:1600–1100 BC
8562:Greek Language Day
8192:Jewish Koine Greek
7981:Hellenic languages
7425:Menestheus's Limin
7079:Pandosia (Lucania)
6967:Greek colonisation
6329:Athenian statesmen
6090:Diogenes of Sinope
5951:Kings of Macedonia
5941:Kings of Commagene
5809:Macedonian phalanx
5789:Hellenistic armies
5537:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
5401:Indo-Greek Kingdom
5123:Hellenistic Greece
4952:Greek-Language.com
4707:Chantraine, Pierre
4297:, pp. 31–32 (1978)
4243:The Greek Language
3537:Hellenic languages
3441:Ὀνόματα Kεχιασμένα
3330:klasična gimnazija
3056:Old Italic scripts
2129:
1451:Phonemic inventory
1066:Tsakonian language
996:ancient Macedonian
992:Pella curse tablet
988:Pella curse tablet
903:Ionic-Attic Group
498:Hellenistic period
438: 1200–800 BC
383:
8734:
8733:
8729:
8728:
8631:3rd millennium BC
8580:
8579:
8386:Cypriot syllabary
8313:
8312:
8187:Hellenistic Koine
7913:
7912:
7871:
7870:
7811:
7810:
7807:
7806:
7803:
7802:
7377:Iberian Peninsula
7309:Lipara/Meligounis
7275:
7274:
6953:
6952:
6949:
6948:
6926:Cypriot syllabary
6817:
6816:
6726:Athenian Treasury
6710:
6709:
6382:
6381:
6378:
6377:
5971:Ptolemaic dynasty
5931:Archons of Athens
5886:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5757:Athenian military
5738:
5737:
5571:League of Corinth
5553:Thessalian League
5529:Chalcidian League
5511:Acarnanian League
5421:Ptolemaic Kingdom
5233:
5232:
5229:
5228:
4914:Community courses
4812:Library resources
4258:978-0-8061-2844-3
4080:978-0-521-68496-5
4034:978-0-09-973861-9
4009:978-1-136-64003-2
3965:978-960-7779-52-6
3940:978-3-11-053081-0
3900:978-3-11-053081-0
3648:978-1-4081-0214-5
3213:The beginning of
3177:The beginning of
3159:interword spacing
3130:Greek orthography
3126:
3125:
2908:
2907:
2821:
2820:
2094:
2093:
1946:
1939:
1834:
1833:
1707:
1657:
1607:
1446:in ancient Greek.
1086:Phrygian language
1080:Related languages
1037:, the dialect of
865:
864:
763:
762:
641:in Greece in the
521:regional dialects
464: 500–300 BC
453: 800–500 BC
366:
365:
348:rendering support
344:phonetic symbols.
144:
143:
136:
118:
8774:
8669:
8664:
8662:
8656:
8654:
8648:
8647:800–300 BC
8646:
8640:
8638:
8632:
8630:
8624:
8623:
8607:
8600:
8593:
8584:
8583:
8305:Greco-Australian
8078:
8077:
8059:
8056:
8046:
8043:
8033:
8030:
8020:
8017:
8007:
8004:
7940:
7933:
7926:
7917:
7916:
7903:
7902:
7893:
7883:
7882:
7817:
7816:
7535:
7534:
7034:Heraclea Lucania
6987:
6986:
6978:
6977:
6959:
6958:
6719:
6718:
6651:Twelve Olympians
6622:
6621:
6412:
6411:
6388:
6387:
5976:Seleucid dynasty
5956:Kings of Paionia
5905:
5904:
5892:
5891:
5762:Scythian archers
5669:Graphe paranomon
5599:
5598:
5506:
5503:
5493:
5490:
5474:
5471:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5268:
5267:
5239:
5238:
5118:Classical Greece
5103:Mycenaean Greece
5083:
5082:
5059:
5058:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5008:
5007:
4924:Grammar learning
4898:
4890:
4732:and Handley, C.
4653:
4652:
4647:. Archived from
4637:
4628:
4617:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4561:
4555:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4507:
4500:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4440:
4434:
4421:
4415:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4382:. 30 July 2010.
4377:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4353:
4342:
4334:
4328:
4317:
4311:
4310:, pp.3–4 (2002).
4304:
4298:
4287:
4281:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4246:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4202:
4192:
4186:
4160:
4154:
4147:
4141:
4136:James Clackson.
4134:
4128:
4126:
4116:
4092:
4086:
4084:
4068:
4058:
4052:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4020:
4014:
4013:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3926:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3882:
3871:
3870:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3835:
3812:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3776:
3770:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3737:"Greek Language"
3732:
3726:
3725:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3632:
3617:
3607:
3525:Greek diacritics
3486:scientific names
3464:text, and other
3443:
3442:
3401:
3332:
3318:
3209:
3208:
3165:, and sometimes
3140:
3137:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3087:
3086:
3024:
3016:
3008:
2841:
2840:
2603:
2602:
2590:
2583:
2582:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2521:
2395:
2394:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2370:
2369:
2098:
2090:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2028:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2010:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1985:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1942:
1935:
1916:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1890:
1884:
1874:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1844:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1780:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1703:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1653:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1603:
1590:
1583:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1521:
1520:
1488:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1434:*bʰ dʰ ǵʰ gʰ gʷʰ
1426:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1403:"where?", Latin
1402:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1333:, ancient Greek
1327:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1312:, ancient Greek
1310:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1232:
1224:
1211:
1210:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1194:, ancient Greek
1188:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1025:are in Aeolian.
969:Pamphylian Greek
846:
824:
813:
802:
789:
778:Distribution of
775:
748:
737:
716:
705:
683:
672:
661:
648:
643:classical period
637:Distribution of
634:
610:Dorian invasions
506:
503:
465:
462:
454:
451:
439:
436:
428:
425:
405:
399:
393:
392:
326:
317:
300:
293:
284:
283:
275:
255:
209:
181:Athena Parthenos
177:
167:
160:
159:
148:
147:
139:
132:
128:
125:
119:
117:
76:
48:
40:
28:Classical Greece
8782:
8781:
8777:
8776:
8775:
8773:
8772:
8771:
8737:
8736:
8735:
8730:
8725:
8716:
8707:
8698:
8689:
8680:
8667:
8659:
8651:
8643:
8635:
8627:
8617:
8611:
8581:
8576:
8567:Trojan language
8557:Minoan language
8505:
8479:
8451:
8379:Writing systems
8374:
8370:Standard Modern
8348:
8344:Standard Modern
8309:
8263:Greco/Calabrian
8196:
8173:
8069:
8057:
8044:
8031:
8018:
8012:Mycenaean Greek
8005:
7985:
7976:Graeco-Phrygian
7966:Graeco-Armenian
7949:
7944:
7914:
7909:
7867:
7822:
7799:
7662:
7656:
7539:
7530:
7522:
7493:Melaina Korkyra
7449:
7371:
7328:
7281:Aeolian Islands
7271:
7133:
6991:
6972:
6971:
6945:
6902:
6813:
6755:
6706:
6660:
6611:
6533:
6524:Wedding customs
6406:
6405:
6374:
6365:Thracian Greeks
6348:
6339:Olympic victors
6317:
6159:
6046:
5990:
5981:Kings of Sparta
5966:Kings of Pontus
5936:Kings of Athens
5912:
5899:
5878:
5774:Army of Macedon
5734:
5711:
5683:
5640:
5588:
5561:(370–c. 230 BC)
5559:Arcadian League
5543:(c. 400–188 BC)
5541:Aetolian League
5535:Boeotian League
5517:Hellenic League
5504:
5491:
5481:(c. 650–404 BC)
5472:
5466:Italiote League
5459:
5455:
5449:Doric Hexapolis
5439:
5430:
5426:Seleucid Empire
5369:
5262:
5261:
5225:
5132:
5108:Greek Dark Ages
5077:
5076:
5053:
5040:
5035:
4993:
4991:Classical texts
4937:Wayback Machine
4926:
4885:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4820:
4819:
4815:
4808:
4666:Greece and Rome
4661:
4659:Further reading
4656:
4639:
4638:
4631:
4618:
4614:
4604:
4602:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4578:
4576:
4571:. 22 May 2011.
4563:
4562:
4558:
4539:
4535:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4489:
4479:
4477:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4453:
4451:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4431:Wayback Machine
4422:
4418:
4412:Wayback Machine
4403:
4399:
4389:
4387:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4345:www.edscuola.it
4340:
4336:
4335:
4331:
4318:
4314:
4305:
4301:
4288:
4284:
4270:
4266:
4259:
4237:Palmer, Leonard
4234:
4230:
4215:
4193:
4189:
4184:Wayback Machine
4171:
4161:
4157:
4148:
4144:
4135:
4131:
4093:
4089:
4081:
4059:
4055:
4046:
4042:
4035:
4021:
4017:
4010:
3994:
3990:
3977:
3973:
3966:
3952:
3948:
3941:
3927:
3920:
3910:
3908:
3901:
3883:
3874:
3867:
3853:
3849:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3810:
3804:
3800:
3793:
3777:
3773:
3764:
3760:
3750:
3748:
3733:
3729:
3722:
3706:
3702:
3692:
3690:
3660:
3656:
3649:
3635:Dalby, Andrew.
3633:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3610:Mycenaean Greek
3608:
3604:
3600:
3579:Mycenaean Greek
3498:
3412:
3299:grammar schools
3275:
3270:
3264:
3259:
3245:
3231:Erasmian scheme
3211:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3175:
3138:
3132:
3122:
3093:
3028:
3022:
3014:
3006:
3000:
2995:
2981:
2976:
2922:
2896:
2839:
2581:
2556:, with perfect
2437:Grassmann's law
2420:
2396:in the aorist.
2310:, however, add
2285:
2264:present perfect
2258:in aspect; the
2126:Stoa of Attalos
2111:
2105:
2080:
2058:
2043:
2020:
2002:
1977:
1961:
1914:
1877:rough breathing
1837:occurred as an
1823:
1797:
1775:
1765:
1741:
1728:
1715:
1691:
1678:
1665:
1641:
1628:
1615:
1584:
1571:
1558:
1519:
1459:
1453:
1180:debuccalization
1138:
1132:
1127:
1111:Graeco-Armenian
1088:
1082:
877:Northwest Greek
871:
870:
869:
868:
867:
866:
858:
855:
844:
833:
830:
822:
818:
816:Northwest Doric
811:
807:
800:
776:
767:
766:
765:
764:
756:
753:
746:
742:
735:
724:
721:
714:
710:
703:
692:
689:
681:
677:
675:Northwest Doric
670:
666:
659:
635:
603:Mycenaean Greek
594:
535:
529:
504:
463:
452:
437:
426:
420:Mycenaean Greek
346:Without proper
334:
333:
313:
296:
289:
279:
278:
271:
256:
251:
245:
238:
231:
210:
207:Language family
205:
188:
161:
140:
129:
123:
120:
83:"Ancient Greek"
77:
75:
61:
49:
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8780:
8770:
8769:
8764:
8759:
8754:
8752:Ancient Greece
8749:
8732:
8731:
8727:
8726:
8719:
8717:
8710:
8708:
8701:
8699:
8692:
8690:
8683:
8681:
8674:
8671:
8670:
8665:
8663:600–1453
8657:
8649:
8641:
8633:
8622:
8619:
8618:
8610:
8609:
8602:
8595:
8587:
8578:
8577:
8575:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8513:
8511:
8507:
8506:
8504:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8487:
8485:
8481:
8480:
8478:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8461:
8459:
8453:
8452:
8450:
8449:
8444:
8443:
8442:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8416:Greek numerals
8413:
8411:Attic numerals
8408:
8403:
8396:Greek alphabet
8393:
8388:
8382:
8380:
8376:
8375:
8373:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8356:
8354:
8350:
8349:
8347:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8321:
8319:
8315:
8314:
8311:
8310:
8308:
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8271:
8270:
8265:
8255:
8253:Constantinople
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8234:
8233:
8221:
8214:
8206:
8204:
8198:
8197:
8195:
8194:
8189:
8183:
8181:
8175:
8174:
8172:
8171:
8166:
8165:
8164:
8163:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8139:
8131:
8130:
8129:
8128:
8127:
8117:
8109:
8108:
8107:
8106:
8105:
8095:
8086:
8084:
8075:
8071:
8070:
8068:
8067:
8061:
8051:Medieval Greek
8048:
8035:
8022:
8009:
7995:
7993:
7987:
7986:
7984:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7957:
7955:
7951:
7950:
7947:Greek language
7943:
7942:
7935:
7928:
7920:
7911:
7910:
7908:
7907:
7897:
7887:
7876:
7873:
7872:
7869:
7868:
7866:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7839:
7838:
7827:
7824:
7823:
7813:
7812:
7809:
7808:
7805:
7804:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7666:
7664:
7658:
7657:
7655:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7543:
7541:
7532:
7524:
7523:
7521:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7459:
7457:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7381:
7379:
7373:
7372:
7370:
7369:
7364:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7338:
7336:
7330:
7329:
7327:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7285:
7283:
7277:
7276:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7227:Megara Hyblaea
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7207:Hybla Gereatis
7204:
7199:
7197:Heraclea Minoa
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7143:
7141:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6995:
6993:
6984:
6974:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6963:
6955:
6954:
6951:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6943:
6941:Attic numerals
6938:
6936:Greek numerals
6933:
6931:Greek alphabet
6928:
6923:
6918:
6912:
6910:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6900:
6895:
6894:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6827:
6825:
6819:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6812:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6765:
6763:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6722:
6716:
6712:
6711:
6708:
6707:
6705:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6668:
6666:
6662:
6661:
6659:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6642:
6641:
6631:
6625:
6619:
6613:
6612:
6610:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6588:
6587:
6585:Musical system
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6556:
6555:
6544:
6542:
6535:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6420:
6418:
6408:
6407:
6404:
6403:
6398:
6392:
6384:
6383:
6380:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6356:
6354:
6350:
6349:
6347:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6325:
6323:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6169:
6167:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6056:
6054:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6017:Mathematicians
6014:
6009:
6004:
5998:
5996:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5926:Kings of Argos
5922:
5920:
5914:
5913:
5901:
5900:
5888:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5784:Cretan archers
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5765:
5764:
5754:
5748:
5746:
5740:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5727:
5721:
5719:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5693:
5691:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5650:
5648:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5602:
5596:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5586:
5583:Achaean League
5580:
5577:Euboean League
5574:
5568:
5565:Epirote League
5562:
5556:
5550:
5544:
5538:
5532:
5526:
5520:
5514:
5513:(c. 500–31 BC)
5508:
5495:
5482:
5476:
5463:
5445:
5443:
5441:Confederations
5432:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5365:Lissus (Crete)
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5276:
5274:
5264:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5243:
5235:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5142:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5113:Archaic Greece
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5089:
5087:
5079:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5069:
5063:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5038:Ancient Greece
5034:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5011:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4987:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4911:
4905:
4899:
4883:
4873:
4868:
4862:
4856:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4806:External links
4804:
4803:
4802:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4755:
4748:
4730:Easterling, P.
4727:
4720:
4717:Olivier Masson
4704:
4697:
4690:
4684:
4677:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4629:
4612:
4597:. 4 May 2015.
4586:
4556:
4533:
4519:
4487:
4461:
4435:
4416:
4397:
4365:
4329:
4312:
4299:
4282:
4280:, p.27 (1984).
4264:
4257:
4228:
4214:978-1405103152
4213:
4187:
4155:
4142:
4129:
4103:(in Russian).
4087:
4079:
4053:
4040:
4033:
4015:
4008:
3988:
3971:
3964:
3946:
3939:
3918:
3899:
3872:
3865:
3847:
3821:(1): 104–129.
3798:
3791:
3771:
3758:
3727:
3721:978-1118885956
3720:
3700:
3654:
3647:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3567:Medieval Greek
3564:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3531:Greek language
3528:
3522:
3519:Greek alphabet
3516:
3511:
3505:
3497:
3494:
3411:
3408:
3307:liceo classico
3303:United Kingdom
3295:public schools
3274:
3271:
3263:
3260:
3236:
3235:
3191:
3174:
3171:
3147:Greek alphabet
3139: 1450 BC
3128:Main article:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3066:
3065:
3064:Related topics
3061:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3018:
3010:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2923:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2868:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2850:
2845:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2612:
2607:
2599:
2598:
2596:Greek alphabet
2592:
2591:
2580:
2579:Writing system
2577:
2524:
2523:
2444:
2440:
2419:
2416:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2318:a, ā, e, ē → ē
2284:
2281:
2272:future perfect
2107:Main article:
2104:
2101:
2092:
2091:
2073:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2051:
2049:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2013:
2011:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1970:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1880:
1856:
1850:
1849:before nasals.
1832:
1831:
1829:
1816:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1790:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1773:
1771:
1758:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1734:
1721:
1708:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1684:
1671:
1658:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1634:
1621:
1608:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1577:
1564:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1455:Main article:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1429:
1411:; Attic Greek
1378:
1368:, Attic Greek
1343:
1279:
1278:) "of a kind".
1204:
1134:Main article:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1093:is an extinct
1084:Main article:
1081:
1078:
1074:Medieval Greek
986:, such as the
951:Boeotian Greek
941:
940:
939:
938:
935:
927:
926:
925:
924:
923:
920:
917:
909:
901:
900:
899:
896:
893:
885:
884:
883:
878:
863:
862:
857:
856:
843:
840:
834:
832:
831:
821:
819:
810:
808:
799:
796:
787:
780:Greek dialects
777:
770:
769:
768:
761:
760:
755:
754:
745:
743:
734:
731:
725:
723:
722:
719:Arcado-Cypriot
713:
711:
702:
699:
693:
691:
690:
680:
678:
669:
667:
658:
655:
646:
639:Greek dialects
636:
629:
628:
627:
626:
625:
593:
590:
531:Main article:
528:
525:
517:Medieval Greek
412:ancient Greece
408:Greek language
364:
363:
350:, you may see
336:
335:
328:
327:
319:
318:
311:
303:
302:
294:
286:
285:
276:
268:
267:
266:Language codes
263:
262:
260:Greek alphabet
257:
253:Writing system
250:
247:
246:
241:
239:
236:
233:
232:
230:
229:
228:
227:
213:
211:
204:
201:
200:
194:
190:
189:
178:
170:
169:
153:
152:
142:
141:
66:. Please help
52:
50:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8779:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8747:Ancient Greek
8745:
8744:
8742:
8724:
8723:
8718:
8715:
8714:
8709:
8706:
8705:
8700:
8697:
8696:
8691:
8688:
8687:
8682:
8679:
8678:
8673:
8672:
8666:
8658:
8650:
8642:
8634:
8626:
8625:
8620:
8616:
8608:
8603:
8601:
8596:
8594:
8589:
8588:
8585:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8514:
8512:
8508:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8488:
8486:
8482:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8462:
8460:
8458:
8454:
8448:
8445:
8441:
8437:
8436:Cyrillization
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8406:Archaic forms
8404:
8402:
8399:
8398:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8383:
8381:
8377:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8357:
8355:
8351:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8334:
8330:
8326:
8323:
8322:
8320:
8316:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8269:
8268:Griko/Apulian
8266:
8264:
8261:
8260:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8232:
8231:
8227:
8226:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8219:
8215:
8213:
8212:
8208:
8207:
8205:
8203:
8199:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8180:
8176:
8170:
8167:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8142:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8134:
8132:
8126:
8123:
8122:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8112:
8110:
8104:
8103:Arcadocypriot
8101:
8100:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8090:
8088:
8087:
8085:
8083:
8079:
8076:
8072:
8065:
8062:
8052:
8049:
8045: 300 BC
8039:
8036:
8026:
8025:Ancient Greek
8023:
8013:
8010:
8000:
7997:
7996:
7994:
7992:
7988:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7958:
7956:
7952:
7948:
7941:
7936:
7934:
7929:
7927:
7922:
7921:
7918:
7906:
7898:
7896:
7892:
7888:
7886:
7878:
7877:
7874:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7837:
7834:
7833:
7832:
7829:
7828:
7825:
7818:
7814:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7667:
7665:
7659:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7544:
7542:
7536:
7533:
7529:
7525:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7456:
7452:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7405:Hemeroscopion
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7382:
7380:
7378:
7374:
7368:
7365:
7362:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7339:
7337:
7335:
7331:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7286:
7284:
7282:
7278:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7140:
7136:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6982:Magna Graecia
6979:
6975:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6913:
6911:
6909:
6905:
6899:
6896:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6856:Arcadocypriot
6854:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6824:
6820:
6810:
6809:Zeus, Olympia
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6794:Hera, Olympia
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6766:
6764:
6762:
6758:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6723:
6720:
6717:
6713:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6697:Mount Olympus
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6669:
6667:
6665:Sacred places
6663:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6626:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6614:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6586:
6583:
6582:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6554:
6551:
6550:
6549:
6546:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6536:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6489:Olympic Games
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6479:Homosexuality
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6417:
6413:
6409:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6393:
6389:
6385:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6351:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6320:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6170:
6168:
6166:
6162:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6053:
6049:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5993:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5893:
5889:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5849:Seleucid army
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5745:
5741:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5714:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5690:
5686:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5647:
5643:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5591:
5584:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5530:
5527:
5524:
5523:Delian League
5521:
5518:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5499:
5496:
5486:
5483:
5480:
5479:Ionian League
5477:
5467:
5464:
5460: 560 BC
5450:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5437:
5433:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5201:Magna Graecia
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5135:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5032:
5027:
5025:
5020:
5018:
5013:
5012:
5009:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4919:
4915:
4912:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4896:
4895:
4889:
4884:
4881:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4817:Ancient Greek
4813:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4782:
4779:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4766:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4747:
4746:0-902984-17-9
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4705:
4702:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4682:
4678:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4636:
4634:
4626:
4622:
4616:
4600:
4596:
4590:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4554:
4553:1-58234-826-X
4550:
4546:
4542:
4537:
4529:
4523:
4504:
4497:
4491:
4475:
4471:
4465:
4449:
4445:
4439:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4420:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4401:
4385:
4381:
4376:
4369:
4350:
4346:
4339:
4333:
4326:
4322:
4319:Yopie Prins,
4316:
4309:
4303:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4279:
4275:
4268:
4260:
4254:
4250:
4245:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4206:
4201:
4200:
4191:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4159:
4152:
4146:
4139:
4133:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4091:
4082:
4076:
4072:
4067:
4066:
4057:
4050:
4044:
4036:
4030:
4026:
4019:
4011:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3992:
3984:
3983:
3975:
3967:
3961:
3957:
3950:
3942:
3936:
3932:
3925:
3923:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3868:
3866:0-415-16326-9
3862:
3858:
3851:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3794:
3792:90-04-09944-1
3788:
3784:
3783:
3775:
3768:
3762:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3731:
3723:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3704:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3663:Ralli, Angela
3658:
3650:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3631:
3627:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3458:Alfred Rahlfs
3455:
3454:
3449:
3448:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3407:
3405:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3289:
3288:philhellenism
3284:
3280:
3269:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3210:
3190:
3188:
3187:Homeric Greek
3184:
3180:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3151:boustrophedon
3148:
3144:
3131:
3119:
3114:
3112:
3107:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3090:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3011:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2576:
2574:
2569:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:reduplication
2418:Reduplication
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:, especially
2406:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2377:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2342:eu → ēu or eu
2341:
2339:au → ēu or au
2338:
2335:
2333:ei → ēi or ei
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2183:), and three
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2100:
2089:
2084:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1981:
1971:
1965:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1894:
1889:
1881:
1878:
1870:
1857:
1851:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1735:
1732:
1722:
1719:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1685:
1682:
1672:
1669:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1635:
1632:
1622:
1619:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1578:
1575:
1565:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1503:stress accent
1500:
1496:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1410:
1408:
1379:
1367:
1354:
1344:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1301:
1280:
1256:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1205:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1181:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:Indo-European
1092:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1070:Demotic Greek
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
972:
970:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
945:
936:
933:
932:
931:
928:
922:Asiatic Ionic
921:
918:
915:
914:
913:
910:
908:
905:
904:
902:
897:
894:
891:
890:
889:
886:
882:
879:
876:
875:
873:
872:
861:
854:
850:
842:
841:
838:
835:
828:
827:Achaean Doric
820:
817:
809:
806:
798:
797:
794:
791:
790:
785:
784:Magna Graecia
781:
774:
759:
752:
744:
741:
733:
732:
729:
726:
720:
712:
709:
701:
700:
697:
694:
687:
686:Achaean Doric
679:
676:
668:
665:
657:
656:
653:
650:
649:
644:
640:
633:
624:
621:
617:
615:
611:
606:
604:
600:
589:
587:
586:
581:
580:
575:
571:
570:Homeric Greek
566:
564:
560:
556:
555:Arcadocypriot
552:
548:
544:
540:
534:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505: 300 BC
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
483:Western world
480:
476:
472:
467:
458:
447:
443:
432:
421:
417:
416:ancient world
413:
409:
404:
398:
387:
386:Ancient Greek
381:
380:
375:
372:Beginning of
370:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
343:
337:
332:
325:
320:
316:
312:
310:
309:
304:
299:
295:
292:
287:
282:
277:
274:
269:
264:
261:
258:
254:
248:
244:
240:
234:
226:
225:Ancient Greek
223:
222:
221:
218:
217:
216:
215:Indo-European
212:
208:
202:
199:
198:Mediterranean
195:
191:
186:
182:
176:
171:
168:
166:
154:
151:Ancient Greek
149:
146:
138:
135:
127:
116:
113:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85: –
84:
80:
79:Find sources:
73:
69:
65:
59:
58:
53:This article
51:
47:
42:
41:
36:
29:
22:
8720:
8711:
8702:
8694:
8693:
8684:
8675:
8440:Romanization
8290:Romano-Greek
8280:Mariupolitan
8228:
8218:Katharevousa
8216:
8209:
8066:(since 1453)
8064:Modern Greek
8024:
7961:Graeco-Aryan
7700:Dionysopolis
7670:Abonoteichos
7622:Pantikapaion
7212:Hybla Heraea
6822:
6548:Architecture
6504:Prostitution
6193:Aristophanes
6052:Philosophers
6022:Philosophers
5854:Spartan army
5585:(280–146 BC)
5573:(338–322 BC)
5567:(370–168 BC)
5555:(374–196 BC)
5549:(378–355 BC)
5531:(430–348 BC)
5525:(478–404 BC)
5519:(499–449 BC)
5206:Peloponnesus
5128:Roman Greece
4892:
4826:Online books
4816:
4798:
4791:
4784:
4777:
4770:
4759:
4751:
4733:
4723:
4710:
4700:
4693:
4686:
4680:
4665:
4649:the original
4645:www.akwn.net
4644:
4620:
4615:
4605:10 September
4603:. Retrieved
4589:
4577:. Retrieved
4568:
4559:
4540:
4536:
4527:
4522:
4510:. Retrieved
4490:
4478:. Retrieved
4464:
4452:. Retrieved
4438:
4419:
4400:
4388:. Retrieved
4379:
4368:
4356:. Retrieved
4344:
4332:
4324:
4320:
4315:
4307:
4302:
4294:
4290:
4285:
4277:
4273:
4267:
4242:
4231:
4198:
4190:
4163:
4158:
4150:
4145:
4137:
4132:
4107:(3–4): 243.
4104:
4100:
4090:
4064:
4056:
4048:
4043:
4024:
4018:
3998:
3991:
3981:
3974:
3955:
3949:
3930:
3909:. Retrieved
3890:
3856:
3850:
3838:. Retrieved
3818:
3814:
3801:
3781:
3774:
3766:
3761:
3749:. Retrieved
3740:
3730:
3710:
3703:
3691:. Retrieved
3674:
3670:
3657:
3637:
3630:
3605:
3573:Modern Greek
3543:Katharevousa
3475:
3471:
3466:front matter
3451:
3445:
3433:
3426:some volumes
3419:
3416:Jan Křesadlo
3413:
3381:
3365:universities
3358:
3344:
3292:
3276:
3273:In education
3255:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3221:exemplifies
3212:
3192:
3176:
3173:Sample texts
3133:
2835:
2572:
2570:
2525:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2432:
2421:
2413:
2398:
2390:
2375:
2368:προσ(-)βάλλω
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2286:
2256:imperfective
2233:
2219:) and three
2130:
2095:
1511:
1483:pitch accent
1463:Modern Greek
1460:
1421:
1404:
1365:
1330:
1322:
1303:
1302:): Sanskrit
1239:
1235:
1227:
1217:
1191:
1183:
1146:phonotactics
1139:
1119:Graeco-Aryan
1089:
1051:
1047:
1031:Cretan Doric
1027:
1012:
973:
967:
949:
946:
942:
888:Aeolic Group
859:
836:
805:Doric proper
792:
757:
727:
695:
664:Doric proper
651:
622:
618:
607:
595:
583:
577:
567:
536:
495:
479:philosophers
468:
385:
384:
377:
339:
306:
224:
187:, 440/439 BC
162:
145:
130:
124:January 2019
121:
111:
104:
97:
90:
78:
57:verification
54:
8677:Proto-Greek
8547:Place names
8421:Orthography
8230:Misthiotika
8224:Cappadocian
8038:Koine Greek
8019: 1600
8006: 2900
7999:Proto-Greek
7848:Place names
7760:Salmydessus
7582:Kalos Limen
7562:Chersonesus
7552:Borysthenes
7257:Tauromenion
7069:Metapontion
6831:Proto-Greek
6784:Erechtheion
6779:Athena Nike
6741:Philippeion
6570:Mathematics
6541:and science
6424:Agriculture
6288:Stesichorus
6198:Bacchylides
6188:Archilochus
6075:Antisthenes
6065:Anaximander
6037:Seven Sages
6027:Playwrights
6007:Geographers
6002:Astronomers
5829:Pezhetairos
5456: 1100
5436:Federations
5335:Megalopolis
5272:City states
5247:City states
4512:14 December
3549:Koine Greek
3321:Netherlands
3283:Renaissance
3223:Attic Greek
3163:punctuation
2562:, becoming
2500:Attic Greek
2443:indicative.
2384:αὐτο(-)μολῶ
2213:subjunctive
2187:(singular,
1786:Approximant
1507:Koine Greek
1062:Attic Greek
874:West Group
513:Attic Greek
509:Koine Greek
487:Renaissance
455:), and the
354:instead of
243:Proto-Greek
8741:Categories
8668:Since 1453
8457:Literature
8426:Diacritics
8169:Pamphylian
8160:Macedonian
8141:Northwest
8058: 330
8032: 800
7750:Polemonion
7627:Phanagoria
7597:Kimmerikon
7592:Kerkinitis
7577:Hermonassa
7567:Dioscurias
7463:Aspalathos
7410:Kalathousa
7385:Akra Leuke
7314:Phoenicusa
7099:Scylletium
7084:Poseidonia
7004:Brentesion
6891:Pamphylian
6886:Macedonian
6804:Samothrace
6789:Hephaestus
6736:Long Walls
6715:Structures
6656:Underworld
6602:Technology
6565:Literature
6499:Philosophy
6464:Euergetism
6353:By culture
6298:Thucydides
6140:Pythagoras
6135:Protagoras
6125:Parmenides
6110:Heraclitus
6095:Empedocles
6085:Democritus
6070:Anaximenes
6060:Anaxagoras
6012:Historians
5505: 595
5492: 550
5473: 800
5458: – c.
5386:Cappadocia
5191:Ionian Sea
5181:Hellespont
5146:Aegean Sea
4736:. London:
4545:Bloomsbury
4358:27 October
3911:8 November
3693:23 January
3677:(3): 964.
3623:References
3462:Septuagint
3384:gymnasiums
3266:See also:
3262:Modern use
3167:mixed case
2920:Diacritics
2399:Following
2297:indicative
2276:perfective
2268:pluperfect
2209:imperative
2205:indicative
2199:have four
2161:accusative
2149:nominative
2103:Morphology
1517:Consonants
1499:fricatives
1471:diphthongs
1364:, English
1329:, English
1246:), Greek *
1190:, English
1109:(see also
1043:Corinthian
984:Macedonian
963:Thessalian
895:Thessalian
574:epic poems
563:literature
485:since the
237:Early form
94:newspapers
8686:Mycenaean
8470:Byzantine
8447:Greeklish
8318:Phonology
8295:Tsakonian
8248:Himariote
8098:Mycenaean
8074:Varieties
8021:–1100 BC)
8008:–1600 BC)
7836:in Epirus
7785:Trapezous
7730:Mesambria
7715:Eupatoria
7685:Apollonia
7680:Anchialos
7642:Theodosia
7612:Nymphaion
7602:Myrmekion
7572:Gorgippia
7528:Black Sea
7513:Tragurion
7498:Nymphaion
7483:Epidauros
7478:Epidamnos
7468:Apollonia
7445:Zacynthos
7367:Ptolemais
7361:Apollonia
7334:Cyrenaica
7324:Therassía
7319:Strongyle
7299:Ereikousa
7222:Leontinoi
7162:Apollonia
7039:Hipponion
6836:Mycenaean
6799:Parthenon
6731:Lion Gate
6634:Mythology
6597:Sculpture
6560:Astronomy
6494:Pederasty
6469:Festivals
6454:Education
6334:Lawgivers
6303:Timocreon
6283:Sophocles
6278:Simonides
6253:Philocles
6248:Panyassis
6243:Mimnermus
6208:Herodotus
6203:Euripides
6173:Aeschylus
6120:Leucippus
6080:Aristotle
5859:Strategos
5725:Synedrion
5679:Ostracism
5659:Areopagus
5611:Free city
5406:Macedonia
5290:Byzantion
5196:Macedonia
5161:Cyrenaica
5138:Geography
5072:Geography
4123:215769896
3482:Latinized
3345:gymnasium
3316:gymnasium
3313:, in the
3161:, modern
2979:Ligatures
2504:laryngeal
2252:imperfect
2173:masculine
2167:), three
1993:Close-mid
1937:unrounded
1895:(written
1893:geminated
1839:allophone
1754:Fricative
1705:aspirated
1655:voiceless
1353:Mycenaean
1300:fortition
1268:), Attic
1244:rhotacism
1182:): Latin
1125:Phonology
496:From the
457:Classical
431:Dark Ages
397:Hellēnikḗ
308:Glottolog
291:ISO 639-3
273:ISO 639-2
185:Parthenon
165:Hellēnikḗ
64:talk page
8713:Medieval
8613:Ages of
8552:Proverbs
8391:Linear B
8333:teaching
8089:Central
8047:–AD 330)
8034:–300 BC)
7885:Category
7863:Theatres
7790:Tripolis
7725:Kerasous
7720:Heraclea
7652:Tyritake
7607:Nikonion
7518:Thronion
7440:Salauris
7395:Emporion
7352:Berenice
7342:Balagrae
7294:Euonymos
7267:Tyndaris
7252:Syracuse
7247:Selinous
7217:Kamarina
7172:Casmenae
7157:Akrillai
7074:Neápolis
7009:Caulonia
6990:Mainland
6921:Linear B
6916:Linear A
6846:Dialects
6823:Language
6617:Religion
6575:Medicine
6509:Religion
6474:Folklore
6459:Emporium
6434:Clothing
6429:Calendar
6313:Xenophon
6308:Tyrtaeus
6293:Theognis
6268:Polybius
6263:Plutarch
6238:Menander
6218:Hipponax
6145:Socrates
6100:Epicurus
5946:Diadochi
5844:Sciritae
5804:Hetairoi
5779:Ballista
5744:Military
5707:Gerousia
5697:Ekklesia
5664:Ecclesia
5646:Athenian
5594:Politics
5507:–279 BC)
5494:–366 BC)
5475:–389 BC)
5411:Pergamon
5381:Bithynia
5374:Kingdoms
5315:Pergamon
5257:Military
5252:Politics
5049:Timeline
4933:Archived
4902:Slavonic
4865:Alpheios
4740:, 2001.
4674:43297490
4627:, 2006).
4599:Archived
4573:Archived
4503:Archived
4474:Archived
4448:Archived
4427:Archived
4408:Archived
4384:Archived
4349:Archived
4239:(1996).
4223:54529041
4180:Archived
3905:Archived
3840:17 April
3831:Archived
3745:Archived
3687:Archived
3665:(2012).
3614:Linear B
3496:See also
3373:classics
3143:Linear B
3089:Category
3051:Albanian
3041:Bactrian
2998:Numerals
2559:seslēpha
2553:slambanō
2411:poetry.
2393:τομόλησα
2387:goes to
2327:u, ū → ū
2324:o, ō → ō
2321:i, ī → ī
2217:optative
2177:feminine
2165:vocative
2153:genitive
2118:Ostracon
2034:Open-mid
1532:Alveolar
1491:iotacism
1481:; and a
1444:/pʰtʰkʰ/
1420:, Latin
1362:/wérɡon/
1276:/ɡénoːs/
1266:/ɡéneos/
1226:, Latin
1161:γάλακτος
1107:Armenian
1099:Anatolia
1091:Phrygian
1035:Laconian
1008:Thessaly
955:Boeotian
934:Arcadian
919:Cycladic
898:Boeotian
582:and the
527:Dialects
459:period (
448:period (
414:and the
410:used in
391:Ἑλληνῐκή
360:Help:IPA
315:anci1242
220:Hellenic
196:Eastern
158:Ἑλληνική
8695:Ancient
8532:Exonyms
8465:Ancient
8431:Braille
8401:History
8360:Ancient
8353:Grammar
8325:Ancient
8300:Yevanic
8258:Italiot
8243:Cypriot
8211:Demotic
8155:Locrian
8150:Epirote
8145:Achaean
8125:Homeric
8082:Ancient
7991:Periods
7905:Outline
7858:Temples
7795:Zaliche
7775:Thèrmae
7765:Sesamus
7735:Odessos
7710:Cytorus
7705:Cotyora
7455:Illyria
7420:Mainake
7415:Kypsela
7304:Hycesia
7262:Thermae
7242:Segesta
7232:Messana
7187:Helorus
7167:Calacte
7147:Akragas
7109:Sybaris
7094:Rhegion
7049:Krimisa
6999:Alision
6908:Writing
6881:Locrian
6871:Epirote
6841:Homeric
6774:Artemis
6761:Temples
6702:Olympia
6672:Eleusis
6607:Theatre
6592:Pottery
6519:Warfare
6514:Slavery
6449:Economy
6444:Cuisine
6439:Coinage
6416:Society
6401:Culture
6396:Society
6344:Tyrants
6183:Alcaeus
6165:Authors
6115:Hypatia
6105:Gorgias
6042:Writers
5864:Toxotai
5834:Sarissa
5824:Peltast
5819:Phalanx
5799:Hoplite
5794:Hippeis
5717:Macedon
5689:Spartan
5674:Heliaia
5621:Proxeny
5330:Larissa
5325:Kerkyra
5320:Eretria
5310:Miletus
5305:Ephesus
5300:Corinth
5295:Chalcis
5216:Taurica
5086:Periods
5067:History
4918:Memrise
4852:at the
4579:12 July
3667:"Greek"
3490:species
3430:Asterix
3388:lyceums
3350:Germany
3335:Croatia
3325:Austria
3319:in the
3301:in the
3215:Apology
2892:Digamma
2848:Digamma
2827:History
2744:Upsilon
2682:Epsilon
2654:Omicron
2565:eilēpha
2547:lelēpha
2541:eilēpha
2529:lambanō
2514:h₃leh₃l
2345:ou → ou
2336:oi → ōi
2330:ai → ēi
2293:augment
2283:Augment
2244:present
2229:persons
2225:passive
2185:numbers
2169:genders
1944:rounded
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1386:became
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1340:/zyɡós/
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379:Odyssey
356:Unicode
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8722:Modern
8475:Modern
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7895:Portal
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7831:Cities
7770:Sinope
7755:Rhizos
7745:Phasis
7695:Bathus
7690:Athina
7675:Amisos
7637:Tanais
7632:Pityus
7557:Charax
7508:Pharos
7503:Orikon
7400:Helike
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7202:Himera
7177:Catana
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7124:Terina
7089:Pixous
7044:Hydrus
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6851:Aeolic
6769:Aphaea
6692:Dodona
6677:Delphi
6646:Temple
6322:Others
6273:Sappho
6258:Pindar
6233:Lucian
6228:Ibycus
6213:Hesiod
6150:Thales
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5211:Pontus
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4814:about
4744:
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4547:2004,
4255:
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4207:–231.
4166:, ed.
4121:
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3937:
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3863:
3789:
3751:22 May
3718:
3645:
3432:, and
3392:Greece
3243:
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2790:Lambda
2544:(not *
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2289:tenses
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1912:Vowels
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1113:) and
1039:Sparta
1023:Lesbos
1019:Sappho
998:was a
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8510:Other
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7617:Olbia
7587:Kepoi
7540:coast
7538:North
7531:basin
7473:Aulon
7435:Rhode
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7237:Naxos
7192:Henna
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7119:Taras
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7064:Medma
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7024:Cumae
7014:Chone
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6682:Delos
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6032:Poets
5702:Ephor
5654:Agora
5631:Tagus
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5355:Samos
5280:Argos
5186:Ionia
5171:Doris
5156:Crete
4670:JSTOR
4506:(PDF)
4499:(PDF)
4480:3 May
4454:3 May
4390:3 May
4352:(PDF)
4341:(PDF)
4119:S2CID
4073:–80.
3834:(PDF)
3811:(PDF)
3598:Notes
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3369:Latin
3327:, in
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3279:Latin
3257:true.
3219:Plato
3183:Iliad
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3023:(900)
2903:Sampi
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2646:Gamma
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2122:Cimon
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1922:Front
1812:Trill
1549:Nasal
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1418:/tís/
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1371:ἔργον
1336:ζυγός
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1150:/nsr/
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1058:Koine
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7547:Akra
7488:Issa
7182:Gela
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7029:Elea
6687:Dion
6539:Arts
6529:Wine
6155:Zeno
5752:Wars
4742:ISBN
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4581:2011
4549:ISBN
4514:2018
4482:2015
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4219:OCLC
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4075:ISBN
4029:ISBN
4004:ISBN
3960:ISBN
3935:ISBN
3913:2020
3895:ISBN
3861:ISBN
3842:2021
3787:ISBN
3753:2019
3716:ISBN
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3643:ISBN
3386:and
3297:and
3015:(90)
2887:Tsan
2856:Heta
2754:Iota
2700:Zeta
2628:Beta
2518:olōl
2496:edēd
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2480:anēn
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2374:προσ
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2069:Open
2017:ο ου
1999:ε ει
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1424:quis
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1345:PIE
1331:yoke
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1168:PIE
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3309:in
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3007:(6)
2866:San
2798:Psi
2780:Chi
2762:Phi
2726:Tau
2718:Eta
2704:Σσς
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