289:Η αποδημία του από την Ελλάδα έγινε πρόξενος πολλών άδικων κρίσεων για πρόσωπα και πράγματα και πρώτα πρώτα, για την οποία έγινε λόγος παραπάνω, της συμπεριφοράς του προς τον κλήρο. Αν ζούσε στην Ελλάδα και ερχόταν σε επικοινωνία με τον κλήρο και γνώριζε από κοντά όχι μόνο τις κακίες, αλλά και τις αρετές αυτού, όχι μόνο θα συντελούσε πολύ στη διόρθωση μερικών από τα κακά που υπάρχουν στην Εκκλησία, αλλά και δεν θα άκουγε όσα άκουσε εξαιτίας των υπερβολικών εκφράσεών του εναντίον του κλήρου.
282:Ἡ δ' ἀπὸ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἀποδημία του ἐγένετο πρόξενος πολλῶν ἀδίκων κρίσεων περὶ προσώπων καὶ πραγμάτων καὶ πρῶτα πρῶτα τῆς περὶ ἧς ἀνωτέρω ἔγινε λόγος πρὸς τὸν κλῆρον συμπεριφορᾶς του. Ἂν ἔζη ἐν Ἑλλάδι καὶ ἤρχετο εἰς ἐπικοινωνίαν πρὸς τὸν κλῆρον καὶ ἐγνώριζεν ἐκ τοῦ πλησίον ὄχι μόνον τὰς κακίας, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς ἀρετὰς αὐτοῦ, ὄχι μόνον πολὺ θὰ συνετέλει εἰς διόρθωσίν τινων ἐκ τῶν κακῶς ἐν τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ ἐχόντων, ἀλλὰ καὶ δὲν θὰ ἤκουεν ὅσα ἤκουσεν ἐκ τῶν ὑπερβολικῶν κατὰ τοῦ κλήρου ἐκφράσεών του.
327:
His expatriation from Greece was a cause for many unjust judgments as regards situations and people, and mainly for his behaviour towards the clergy, which was discussed above. If he had lived in Greece and been in contact with the clergy and known closely not only its turpitude but also its virtues,
302:
Hē d' apò tē̂s Helládos apodēmía tou egéneto próxenos pollō̂n adíkōn kríseōn perì prosṓpōn kaì pragmátōn kaì prō̂ta prō̂ta tē̂s perì hē̂s anōtérō égine lógos pròs tòn klē̂ron symperiphorâs tou. Àn ézē en Helládi kaì ḗrcheto eis epikoinōnían pròs tòn klē̂ron kaì egnṓrizen ek toû plēsíon óchi mónon tàs
167:
implies a pure form of Greek as it might hypothetically have evolved from ancient Greek without external influences, while in its modern connotation the word has come to mean "formal language". In later years, Katharevousa was used for official and formal purposes (such as politics, letters, official
196:
might be argued to be a combination of the original
Demotic and the traditional Katharevousa as stressed in the 19th century, also with institutional input from Koine Greek. Among Katharevousa's later contributions are the promotion of classically based compounds to describe items and concepts that
314:
I apodimía tou apó tín Elláda égine próxenos pollón ádikon kríseon gia prósopa kai prágmata kai próta próta, gia tín opía égine lógos parapáno, tís siberiphorás tou pros ton klíro. An zoúse stin Elláda kai erchótan se epikinonía me ton klíro kai gnórize apó kondá óchi móno tis kakíes, allá kai tis
191:
abolished the polytonic system of writing; by the end of the 20th century full
Katharevousa in its earlier form had become obsolete. Much of the vocabulary of Katharevousa and its grammatical and syntactical rules have influenced the Demotic language, so that the project's emphasis has made an
151:
were almost always written in conservative literary Greek. Examples of texts written in vernacular Greek prior to the 13th century are very rare. It can be argued that the establishment of
Katharevousa was an official declaration and standardization of the conservative form of Greek, which had
1203:
59:. Originally, it was widely used for both literary and official purposes, though sparingly in daily language. In the 20th century, it was increasingly adopted for official and formal purposes, until minister of education
303:
kakías, allà kaì tàs aretàs autoû, óchi mónon polỳ thà synetélei eis diórthōsín tinōn ek tō̂n kakō̂s en tē̂i Ekklēsíāi echóntōn, allà kaì dèn thà ḗkouen hósa ḗkousen ek tō̂n hyperbolikō̂n katà toû klḗrou ekphráseṓn tou.
328:
not only would he have contributed greatly to correcting some of the problems within the Church, but also would not have listened to all that he listened to due to his exaggerated sentiments against the clergy.
315:
aretés aftoú, óchi móno tha syndeloúse polý sti diórthosi merikón apó ta kaká pou ypárchoun stin Ekklisía, allá kai den tha ákouge ósa ákouse exetías tōn yperbolikón ekphráseón tou enandíon tou klírou.
113:
Part of
Katharevousa's purpose was to serve as a compromise solution for the struggle between the "archaists" demanding full reversion to archaic Greek, and the "modernists".
197:
did not exist in earlier times, such as "newspaper", "police", "automobile", "aeroplane" and "television", rather than borrowing new words directly from other languages.
127:
Although
Katharevousa was introduced relatively recently, the concept of a conservative literary version of Greek had been present since the times of
1234:
184:
whereby most of the Greek population was excluded from the public sphere and advancement in education unless they conformed to
Katharevousa.
1142:
974:
1213:
579:
163:
Katharevousa was widely used in public documents and whatever was conceived as work of formal activity by Greek scholars. The name
1178:
1239:
102:
and subsequent influence on Greek society, and was a fierce critic of the clergy and their alleged subservience to the
394:
1259:
521:[Language and power through various texts in the purifying and the vernacular form of the Greek language]
1132:
389:
1137:
1042:
414:
Skendi, Stavro (1975). "Language as a Factor of
National Identity in the Balkans of the Nineteenth Century".
516:"Glóssa kai exousía mésa apó poikíla keímena stin katharévousa kai ti dimotikí morfí tis ellinikís glóssas"
871:
572:
1254:
801:
518:Γλώσσα και εξουσία μέσα από ποικίλα κείμενα στην καθαρεύουσα και τη δημοτική μορφή της ελληνικής γλώσσας
1244:
515:
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843:
107:
79:
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258:
1168:
1116:
1047:
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353:
122:
40:
1077:
985:
894:
723:
384:
1193:
1081:
1001:
980:
931:
245:
128:
500:
139:
literary language and the constantly developing spoken Koine, which eventually evolved into
1183:
1163:
1111:
1011:
970:
640:
266:'s relations with the Greek Church. It is rendered in Demotic and translated into English.
157:
8:
1158:
1006:
786:
744:
612:
95:
936:
833:
622:
481:
423:
188:
64:
63:
made
Demotic Greek the official language of Greece in 1976, and in 1982 Prime Minister
1062:
1027:
889:
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358:
263:
75:
48:
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68:
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60:
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1037:
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909:
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588:
224:
144:
103:
35:
23:
464:
Toufexis, Notis (2008). "Diglossia and
Register Variation in Medieval Greek".
1228:
1173:
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884:
852:
796:
791:
766:
666:
477:
338:
140:
56:
52:
209:) means 'cleansing, purifying', the feminine present participle of the verb
926:
879:
734:
705:
602:
503:(Interview). Interviewed by Leda Bouzali. ΑΩ International online magazine.
193:
44:
828:
820:
778:
761:
756:
679:
136:
370:
74:
Katharevousa was conceived by the intellectual and revolutionary leader
152:
already existed in one way or another. The first known use of the term
83:
427:
378:
1088:
343:
181:
132:
99:
1032:
87:
557:
374:
501:"The Phenomenon of Diglossia: Language and National Identity"
248:
tradition still use
Katharevousa in official communications.
192:
observable contribution to the language as it is used today.
187:
In 1976, Demotic was made the official language, and in 1982
180:), or popular Greek, was the daily language. This created a
131:. There had always existed a tendency towards a state of
71:
system of writing for both Demotic and Katharevousa.
90:
credited with both laying the foundations of Modern
312:
300:
210:
175:
168:documents, and newscasting), while Demotic Greek (
416:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
16:Former prestige form of the Modern Greek language
1226:
256:This is a text sample of Katharevousa from the
106:. He held that education was a prerequisite to
573:
47:conceived in the late 18th century as both a
1143:Institute for Language and Speech Processing
513:
287:
280:
169:
580:
566:
228:). (The term is thus cognate with English
262:, published in 1930. The text relates to
1235:Languages attested from the 18th century
1214:Comparison of Ancient Greek dictionaries
463:
1227:
413:
82:, Korais spent most of his life as an
561:
498:
223:
34:
550:. Vol. XIV. 1930. p. 864.
156:is in a work by the Greek polymath
13:
587:
466:Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies
440:
395:Language reform and modern Turkish
235:
14:
1271:
527:Erkyna: Epitheórisi Ekpaideftikón
281:
55:and the contemporary vernacular,
530:Ερκυνα: Επιθεώρηση Εκπαιδευτικών
514:Argyropoulou, Christina (2015).
1133:Hellenic Foundation for Culture
78:(1748–1833). A graduate of the
39:, literally "purifying ") is a
540:
507:
492:
457:
434:
407:
390:Revival of the Hebrew language
251:
1:
1138:Center for the Greek Language
696:
683:
670:
657:
644:
400:
200:
7:
332:
313:
301:
211:
176:
147:texts and documents of the
10:
1276:
244:and other churches of the
120:
116:
94:and a major figure in the
1240:Varieties of Modern Greek
1151:
1125:
1097:
1020:
994:
959:
842:
819:
722:
715:
631:
595:
288:
216:
206:
170:
98:, he was repelled by the
80:University of Montpellier
51:and a compromise between
27:
548:Great Greek Encyclopedia
529:
517:
478:10.1179/174962508X322687
446:
259:Great Greek Encyclopedia
1260:Greek words and phrases
1169:Greek language question
453:(in Greek), p. 3sq
354:Greek language question
123:Greek language question
385:Modern Standard Arabic
275:Standard Modern Greek
205:Katharevousa (Greek:
45:Modern Greek language
36:[kaθaˈrevusa]
1179:Morphemes in English
1164:Eteocypriot language
596:Origin and genealogy
441:Korais, Adamantios,
325:English translation:
158:Nikephoros Theotokis
1184:Terms of endearment
1159:Eteocretan language
1126:Promotion and study
613:Pre-Greek substrate
447:Αδελφική Διδασκαλία
444:Adelfikí Didaskalía
225:[kaθaˈrevo]
182:diglossic situation
96:Greek Enlightenment
1255:Standard languages
1204:Greek Language Day
834:Jewish Koine Greek
623:Hellenic languages
499:Mackridge, Peter.
189:Andreas Papandreou
65:Andreas Papandreou
1245:Linguistic purism
1222:
1221:
1028:Cypriot syllabary
955:
954:
829:Hellenistic Koine
365:Similar movements
359:Linguistic purism
321:
320:
264:Adamantios Korais
88:classical scholar
76:Adamantios Korais
49:literary language
1267:
1250:Language revival
947:Greco-Australian
720:
719:
701:
698:
688:
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511:
505:
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432:
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349:Greek diacritics
317:
305:
291:
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284:
283:
269:
268:
242:Church of Greece
227:
222:
218:
214:
208:
179:
173:
172:
149:Byzantine Empire
108:Greek liberation
92:Greek literature
38:
33:
29:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1209:Trojan language
1199:Minoan language
1147:
1121:
1093:
1021:Writing systems
1016:
1012:Standard Modern
990:
986:Standard Modern
951:
905:Greco/Calabrian
838:
815:
711:
699:
686:
673:
660:
654:Mycenaean Greek
647:
627:
618:Graeco-Phrygian
608:Graeco-Armenian
591:
586:
556:
555:
546:
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541:
531:
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408:
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309:Transliteration
297:Transliteration
254:
238:
236:Present-day use
220:
203:
125:
119:
86:in Paris. As a
61:Georgios Rallis
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1058:Greek numerals
1055:
1053:Attic numerals
1050:
1045:
1038:Greek alphabet
1035:
1030:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1017:
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895:Constantinople
892:
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750:
749:
748:
747:
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728:
726:
717:
713:
712:
710:
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703:
693:Medieval Greek
690:
677:
664:
651:
637:
635:
629:
628:
626:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
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589:Greek language
585:
584:
577:
570:
562:
554:
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539:
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491:
472:(2): 203–217.
456:
433:
422:(2): 186–189.
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246:Greek Orthodox
237:
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202:
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145:Medieval Greek
118:
115:
104:Ottoman Empire
67:abolished the
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1272:
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1096:
1090:
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1078:Cyrillization
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
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1048:Archaic forms
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938:
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918:
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910:Griko/Apulian
908:
906:
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896:
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835:
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764:
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746:
745:Arcadocypriot
743:
742:
741:
738:
736:
733:
732:
730:
729:
727:
725:
721:
718:
714:
707:
704:
694:
691:
687: 300 BC
681:
678:
668:
667:Ancient Greek
665:
655:
652:
642:
639:
638:
636:
634:
630:
624:
621:
619:
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614:
611:
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583:
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369:
368:
364:
363:
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339:Demotic Greek
337:
336:
326:
323:
322:
316:
310:
307:
304:
298:
295:
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286:
279:
278:
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198:
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141:Demotic Greek
138:
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114:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
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89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
70:
66:
62:
58:
57:Demotic Greek
54:
53:Ancient Greek
50:
46:
42:
37:
25:
21:
1082:Romanization
932:Romano-Greek
922:Mariupolitan
870:
860:Katharevousa
859:
858:
851:
708:(since 1453)
706:Modern Greek
603:Graeco-Aryan
547:
542:
533:
532:(in Greek).
526:
509:
494:
469:
465:
459:
443:
436:
419:
415:
409:
324:
308:
296:
272:Katharevousa
257:
255:
239:
229:
204:
194:Modern Greek
186:
165:Katharevousa
164:
162:
154:Katharevousa
153:
135:between the
126:
112:
73:
43:form of the
41:conservative
20:Katharevousa
19:
18:
1189:Place names
1063:Orthography
872:Misthiotika
866:Cappadocian
680:Koine Greek
661: 1600
648: 2900
641:Proto-Greek
381:(Norwegian)
252:Text sample
207:Καθαρεύουσα
160:, in 1796.
129:Koine Greek
28:Καθαρεύουσα
1229:Categories
1099:Literature
1068:Diacritics
811:Pamphylian
802:Macedonian
783:Northwest
700: 330
674: 800
401:References
221:pronounced
121:See also:
84:expatriate
32:pronounced
1112:Byzantine
1089:Greeklish
960:Phonology
937:Tsakonian
890:Himariote
740:Mycenaean
716:Varieties
663:–1100 BC)
650:–1600 BC)
486:162128578
344:Diglossia
230:catharsis
212:katharévo
201:Etymology
133:diglossia
100:Byzantine
69:polytonic
1194:Proverbs
1033:Linear B
975:teaching
731:Central
689:–AD 330)
676:–300 BC)
536:: 52–69.
371:Landsmål
333:See also
217:καθαρεύω
215:(Greek:
177:dimotikí
171:δημοτική
1174:Exonyms
1107:Ancient
1073:Braille
1043:History
1002:Ancient
995:Grammar
967:Ancient
942:Yevanic
900:Italiot
885:Cypriot
853:Demotic
797:Locrian
792:Epirote
787:Achaean
767:Homeric
724:Ancient
633:Periods
379:Riksmål
375:Nynorsk
117:History
1117:Modern
971:accent
927:Pontic
917:Maniot
880:Cretan
844:Modern
735:Aeolic
702:–1453)
484:
428:986634
426:
1152:Other
1007:Koine
981:Koine
821:Koine
779:Doric
775:West
762:Ionic
757:Attic
753:East
523:(PDF)
482:S2CID
451:(PDF)
424:JSTOR
137:Attic
24:Greek
1080:and
240:The
474:doi
420:119
232:.)
1231::
697:c.
684:c.
671:c.
658:c.
645:c.
525:.
480:.
470:32
468:.
418:.
377:,
373:,
311::
299::
219:,
174:,
143:.
110:.
30:,
26::
977:)
973:/
969:(
695:(
682:(
669:(
656:(
643:(
581:e
574:t
567:v
534:7
488:.
476::
430:.
22:(
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