Greeks - Knowledge

1044: 1295: 4064: 5271: 5280: 3251: 5120:. This is corroborated by sequenced genomes of Middle Bronze Age individuals from northern Greece, who had a much higher proportion of steppe-related ancestry; the timing of this gene flow was estimated at ~2,300 BCE, and is consistent with the dominant linguistic theories explaining the emergence of the Proto-Greek language. Present-day Greeks share ~90% of their ancestry with them, suggesting continuity between the two time periods. In the case of Mycenaean Greeks however, their steppe-related ancestry was diluted. The ancestry of the Mycenaeans could be explained via a 2-way admixture model of such MBA individuals in northern Greece, and either an EBA Aegean or MBA Minoan population; the difference between the two time periods could be explained by the general decline of the Mycenaean civilization. 1563: 3651: 2955: 3243: 3175: 2078: 73: 5262: 6673:, p. 53: "Le attuali colonie Greche calabresi; La Grecìa calabrese si inscrive nel massiccio aspromontano e si concentra nell'ampia e frastagliata valle dell'Amendolea e nelle balze più a oriente, dove sorgono le fiumare dette di S. Pasquale, di Palizzi e Sidèroni e che costituiscono la Bovesia vera e propria. Compresa nei territori di cinque comuni (Bova Superiore, Bova Marina, Roccaforte del Greco, Roghudi, Condofuri), la Grecia si estende per circa 233 km (145 mi)q. La popolazione anagrafica complessiva è di circa 14.000 unità." 5314:, and the results of the study showed that light hair colour (blonde/light ash brown) was predominant in 10.7% of the students. 36% had medium hair colour (light brown/medium darkest brown), 32% had darkest brown and 21% black (15.3 off black, 6% midnight black). In conclusion, the hair colour of young Greeks are mostly brown, ranging from light to dark brown with significant minorities having black and blonde hair. The same study also showed that the eye colour of the students was 14.6% blue/green, 28% medium (light brown) and 57.4% dark brown. 168: 588: 4542: 5052: 2626: 208: 388: 1918:: The first considers "Romanity" the mode of self-identification of the subjects of a multi-ethnic empire at least up to the 12th century, where the average subject identified as Roman; a perennialist approach, which views Romanity as the medieval expression of a continuously existing Greek nation; while a third view considers the eastern Roman identity as a pre-modern national identity. The Byzantine Greeks' essential values were drawn from both Christianity and the Homeric tradition of ancient Greece. 568: 1426: 1304: 1036: 9880:, p. vii: "The Homeric poems were first written down in more or less their present form in the seventh century B.C. Since then Greek has enjoyed a continuous tradition down to the present day. Change there has certainly been. But there has been no break like that between Latin and Romance languages. Ancient Greek is not a foreign language to the Greek of today as Anglo-Saxon is to the modern Englishman. The only other language which enjoys comparable continuity of tradition is Chinese." 5185:(1993) associates with "the Greek expansion, which reached its peak in historical times around 1000 and 500 BC but which certainly began earlier". Greeks also have a degree of Eastern-European-related ancestry which is observed in all Balkan peoples; it was acquired after 700 CE, coinciding with the arrival of Slavic-speaking peoples in the Balkans, but the proportion of this ancestry varies considerably between different studies and subregions. A 2019 study showed that Cretans share high 1313: 188: 408: 3093: 128: 4873: 228: 5248:. Individuals from western Sicily additionally show similarities with peoples from the western part of the Peloponnese. A 2023 study states that early Cretan farmers shared the same ancestry as other Neolithic Aegeans but received 'eastern' gene flow of Anatolian origin at the end of the Neolithic Age. From the 17th to 12th centuries BCE, genetic signatures of Central and East European ancestry gradually increased in Crete, indicative of mainland Greek influence. 668: 22007: 648: 628: 6009: 468: 4220: 22017: 528: 3423: 708: 308: 17878: 688: 608: 548: 508: 428: 6023: 3814: 448: 108: 91: 4534: 1708:) were generally Greek-speaking, though none were from Greece proper. However, Greece itself had a tendency to cling to paganism and was not one of the influential centers of early Christianity: in fact, some ancient Greek religious practices remained in vogue until the end of the 4th century, with some areas such as the southeastern Peloponnese remaining pagan until well into the mid-Byzantine 10th century AD. The region of 288: 268: 148: 3431: 5036: 488: 348: 368: 328: 248: 2267: 1786: 1531: 2133:. As a direct consequence of this situation, Greek-speakers came to play a hugely important role in the Ottoman trading and diplomatic establishment, as well as in the church. Added to this, in the first half of the Ottoman period men of Greek origin made up a significant proportion of the Ottoman army, navy, and state bureaucracy, having been levied as adolescents (along with especially 1802: 5240:. A 2022 study discovered high genetic affinities between present-day southeastern Peloponnesian populations and Apulians, Calabrians and southeastern Sicilians, which are "all characterised by a cluster composition different from those displayed by other Greek groups", due to low influence from inland populations such as Slavic-related people and/or genetic drift in 9668:, Texts and Commentaries – Introduction #2: "Panhellenism is the least common denominator of ancient Greek civilization ... The impulse of Panhellenism is already at work in Homeric and Hesiodic poetry. In the Iliad, the names "Achaeans" and "Danaans" and "Argives" are used synonymously in the sense of Panhellenes = "all Hellenes" = "all Greeks."" 7967:, p. 168: "The establishment of these Panhellenic sites, which yet remained exclusively Hellenic, was a very important element in the growth and self-consciousness of Hellenic nationalism; it was uniquely decisive in breaking down enmity between tribes, and remained the most powerful obstacle to fragmentation into mutually hostile 9656:, Chapter 4: Argos, p. 23: "The Late Bronze Age in Greece is also called conventionally 'Mycenaean', as we saw in the last chapter. But it might in principle have been called 'Argive', 'Achaean', or 'Danaan', since the three names that Homer does apply to Greeks collectively were 'Argives', 'Achaeans', and 'Danaans'." 6230:, p. 228: "Greeks of the diaspora, settled in some 141 countries, were held to number 7 million although it is not clear how this figure was arrived at or what criteria were used to define Greek ethnicity, while the population of the homeland, according to the 1991 census, amounted to some 10.25 million." 5063:

study, Lazaridis et al. (2017) found that Minoans and Mycenaean Greeks were genetically highly similar, but not identical; modern Greeks resembled the Mycenaeans, but with some additional dilution of the early Neolithic ancestry. The results of the study support the idea of genetic continuity between

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As of 2007, Greece had the eighth highest percentage of tertiary enrollment in the world (with the percentages for female students being higher than for male) while Greeks of the Diaspora are equally active in the field of education. Hundreds of thousands of Greek students attend western universities

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Raveane, Alessandro; Molinaro, Ludovica; Aneli, Serena; Capodiferro, Marco Rosario; Ongaro, Linda; Migliore, Nicola Rambaldi; Soffiati, Sara; Scarano, Teodoro; Torroni, Antonio; Achilli, Alessandro; Ventura, Mario; Pagani, Luca; Capelli, Cristian; Olivieri, Anna; Bertolini, Francesco (1 March 2022).

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where they make up 78% of the island's population (excluding Turkish settlers in the occupied part of the country). Greek populations have not traditionally exhibited high rates of growth; a large percentage of Greek population growth since Greece's foundation in 1832 was attributed to annexation of

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was signed between Greece and Turkey in 1923, the two countries agreed to use religion as the determinant for ethnic identity for the purposes of population exchange, although most of the Greeks displaced (over a million of the total 1.5 million) had already been driven out by the time the agreement

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It is difficult to know how many ethnic Greeks there were in Albania before the exodus of refugees during the early to mid-1990s. The Albanian government claimed there were only 60,000, based on the biased 1989 census, whereas the Greek government claimed there were upwards of 300,000. Most Western

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Alexander inherited the idea of an invasion of the Persian Empire from his father Philip whose advance-force was already out in Asia in 336 BC. Philips campaign had the slogan of "freeing the Greeks" in Asia and "punishing the Persians" for their past sacrileges during their own invasion (a century

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to describe non-Greek speakers), a sense of Greek identity and common sense of ethnicity despite the undeniable socio-political changes of the past two millennia. In recent anthropological studies, both ancient and modern Greek osteological samples were analyzed demonstrating a bio-genetic affinity

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alone. Since its inception, Hellenism was primarily a matter of common culture and the national continuity of the Greek world is a lot more certain than its demographic. Yet, Hellenism also embodied an ancestral dimension through aspects of Athenian literature that developed and influenced ideas of

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to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and "Fourth Century", up to the death of Alexander). It is so named because it set the standards by which Greek civilization would be judged in later eras. The Classical period is also described as the "Golden Age" of Greek civilization, and its art, philosophy,

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of a third of the Greek population of the island in 1974, there was also an increase in the number of Greek Cypriots leaving, especially for the Middle East, which contributed to a decrease in population that tapered off in the 1990s. Today more than two-thirds of the Greek population in Cyprus is

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region. This historically Greek-speaking villages are Condofuri, Galliciano, Roccaforte del Greco, Roghudi, Bova and Bova Marina, which are in the Calabria region (the capital of which is Reggio). The Grecanic region, including Reggio, has a population of some 200,000, while speakers of the Griko

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The history of the Greek people is closely associated with the history of Greece, Cyprus, Southern Italy, Constantinople, Asia Minor and the Black Sea. During the Ottoman rule of Greece, a number of Greek enclaves around the Mediterranean were cut off from the core, notably in Southern Italy, the

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With respect to personal names, the two main influences are Christianity and classical Hellenism; ancient Greek nomenclatures were never forgotten but have become more widely bestowed from the 18th century onwards. As in antiquity, children are customarily named after their grandparents, with the

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experienced a Hellenic revival in language, philosophy, and literature and on classical models of thought and scholarship. This revival provided a powerful impetus to the sense of cultural affinity with ancient Greece and its classical heritage. Throughout their history, the Greeks have retained

7720:, p. 23: "Indeed, Smith emphasizes that the myth of divine election sustains the continuity of cultural identity, and, in that regard, has enabled certain pre-modern communities such as the Jews, Armenians, and Greeks to survive and persist over centuries and millennia (Smith 1993: 15–20)." 6655:

La popolazione complessiva dell'Unione è di 54278 residenti così distribuiti (Dati Istat al 31° dicembre 2005. Comune Popolazione Calimera 7351 Carpignano Salentino 3868 Castrignano dei Greci 4164 Corigliano d'Otranto 5762 Cutrofiano 9250 Martano 9588 Martignano 1784 Melpignano 2234 Soleto 5551

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with a specifically Greek identity that shaped the Greeks' notion of themselves in the empire's twilight years. In the twilight years of the Byzantine Empire, prominent Byzantine personalities proposed referring to the Byzantine Emperor as the "Emperor of the Hellenes". These largely rhetorical

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There is a significant Greek presence in southern and eastern Ukraine, which can be traced back to ancient Greek and Byzantine settlers. Ukrainian citizens of Greek descent amount to 91,000 people, although their number is estimated to be much higher by the Federation of Greek communities of

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between the sampled Bronze Age populations and present-day West Eurasians was estimated, finding that Mycenaean Greeks and Minoans were least differentiated from the populations of modern Greece, Cyprus, Albania, and Italy. In a subsequent study, Lazaridis et al. (2022) concluded that around

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Olalde, Iñigo; Carrión, Pablo; Mikić, Ilija; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Lazaridis, Iosif; Mah, Matthew; Korać, Miomir; Golubović, Snežana; Petković, Sofija; Miladinović-Radmilović, Nataša; Vulović, Dragana; Alihodžić, Timka; Ash, Abigail; Baeta, Miriam; et al. (7 December 2023).

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Before the establishment of the modern Greek nation-state, the link between ancient and modern Greeks was emphasized by the scholars of Greek Enlightenment especially by Rigas Feraios. In his "Political Constitution", he addresses to the nation as "the people descendant of the Greeks". The

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In the religious sphere, this was a period of profound change. The spiritual revolution that took place, saw a waning of the old Greek religion, whose decline beginning in the 3rd century BC continued with the introduction of new religious movements from the East. The cults of deities like

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a "precocious nationalism" among the Greeks, provided the later Greek enlighteners and nationalists with a cultural constituency fed by political dreams and apocalyptic prophecies of the recapture of Constantinople and the restoration of Greek Byzantium and its Orthodox emperor in all his

4987:), when a substantial merchant middle class developed, which played an important part in the Greek War of Independence. Today, Greek shipping continues to prosper to the extent that Greece has one of the largest merchant fleets in the world, while many more ships under Greek ownership fly 4917:, Socrates remarks, "we (Greeks) live around a sea like frogs around a pond" when describing to his friends the Greek cities of the Aegean. This image is attested by the map of the Old Greek Diaspora, which corresponded to the Greek world until the creation of the Greek state in 1832. The 3439: 8501:, p. 268: "Roman, Greek (if not used in its sense of 'pagan') and Christian became synonymous terms, counterposed to 'foreigner', 'barbarian', 'infidel'. The citizens of the Empire, now predominantly of Greek ethnicity and language, were often called simply ό χριστώνυμος λαός ." 5317:

A 2017 study found that Bronze Age Aegean populations had mostly dark hair (brown to black) and eyes. The genetic phenotype predictions matched the visual representations made by the Greeks of themselves, suggesting that art of this period reproduced phenotypes naturalistically.

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of the Balkan region in a global context on the resolution level of 7 assumed ancestral populations: African (brown), South/West European (light blue), Asian (yellow), Middle Eastern (orange), South Asian (green), North/East European (dark blue) and Caucasian/Anatolian component

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Stamatoyannopoulos, George; Bose, Aritra; Teodosiadis, Athanasios; Tsetsos, Fotis; Plantinga, Anna; Psatha, Nikoletta; Zogas, Nikos; Yannaki, Evangelia; Zalloua, Pierre; Kidd, Kenneth K.; Browning, Brian L.; Stamatoyannopoulos, John; Paschou, Peristera; Drineas, Petros (2017).

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distances showed that they group with other European and Mediterranean populations, especially with Italians (−0.0001) and Tuscans (0.0005). A study in 2008 showed that Greek regional samples from the mainland cluster with those from the Balkans, principally Albanians while

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Greek surnames began to appear in the 9th and 10th century, at first among ruling families, eventually supplanting the ancient tradition of using the father's name as disambiguator. Nevertheless, Greek surnames are most commonly patronymics, such those ending in the suffix

8078:, however, got sucked into the conflict as allies of one side or the other ... The fact that Greeks were willing to fight for their cities against other Greeks in conflicts like the Peloponnesian War showed the limits of the pull of Hellas compared with that of the polis." 3273:, Greeks of the diaspora were important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad. Greek merchant families already had contacts in other countries and during the disturbances many set up home around the Mediterranean (notably Marseilles in 3391:

has evolved over thousands of years, with its beginning in the Mycenaean civilization, continuing through the classical era, the Hellenistic period, the Roman and Byzantine periods and was profoundly affected by Christianity, which it in turn influenced and shaped.

10428: 3436: 3844:, the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art inspired generations of European artists. Well into the 19th century, the classical tradition derived from Greece played an important role in the art of the Western world. In the East, 1478:, provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way. While the Alexandrian empire did not survive its creator's death intact, the cultural implications of the spread of Hellenism across much of the 7732:, p. 21: "It emphasizes the role of myths, memories and symbols of ethnic chosenness, trauma, and the 'golden age' of saints, sages, and heroes in the rise of modern nationalism among the Jews, Armenians, and Greeks—the archetypal diaspora peoples." 7189:

There are some 28,500 persons of Greek origin and citizenship residing in Bulgaria. This number includes approximately 15,000 Sarakatsani, 2,500 former political refugees, 8,000 "old Greeks", 2,000 university students and 1,000 professionals and their

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and other state sponsored violence and discrimination. This effectively ended, though not entirely, the three-thousand-year-old presence of Hellenism in Asia Minor. There are smaller Greek minorities in the rest of the Balkan countries, the

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was Christian Europe's first secular institution of higher learning since no theological subjects were taught, and considering the original meaning of the world university as a corporation of students, the world's first university as well.

1937:(r. 1221–1254) claimed to have received the gift of royalty from Constantine the Great, and put emphasis on his "Hellenic" descent, exalting the wisdom of the Greek people. After the Byzantines recaptured Constantinople, however, in 1261, 994:

Greeks have greatly influenced and contributed to culture, visual arts, exploration, theatre, literature, philosophy, ethics, politics, architecture, music, mathematics, medicine, science, technology, commerce, cuisine and sports. The

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Between 168 BC and 30 BC, the entire Greek world was conquered by Rome, and almost all of the world's Greek speakers lived as citizens or subjects of the Roman Empire. Despite their military superiority, the Romans admired and became

6479: 5181:(PCA) confirmed the low genetic distance between Greeks and Italians and also revealed a cline of genes with highest frequencies in the Balkans and Southern Italy, spreading to lowest levels in Britain and the Basque country, which 5298:

A study from 2013 for prediction of hair and eye colour from DNA of the Greek people showed that the self-reported phenotype frequencies according to hair and eye colour categories was as follows: 119 individuals – hair colour, 11

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The Census recorded 762.191 persons normally resident in Greece and without Greek citizenship, constituting around 7% of total population. Of these, 48.560 are EU or EFTA nationals; there are also 17.426 Cypriots with privileged

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continued to go to war with each other. The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) made this painfully clear. The war (really two wars punctuated by a peace) was a duel between Greece's two leading cities, Athens and Sparta. Most other

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The Greek community in Sweden consists of approximately 24,000 Greeks who are permanent inhabitants, included in Swedish society and active in various sectors: science, arts, literature, culture, media, education, business, and

10797: 4830:, respectively. Female surnames end in a vowel and are usually the genitive form of the corresponding males surname, although this usage is not followed in the diaspora, where the male version of the surname is generally used. 4282:

was one of the highest societal values in the Greek and Hellenistic world while the first European institution described as a university was founded in 5th century Constantinople and operated in various incarnations until the

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were introduced into the Greek world. Greek-speaking communities of the Hellenized East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and Christianity's early leaders and writers (notably

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The Resident Population of Greece is 10.816.286, of which 5.303.223 male (49,0%) and 5.513.063 female (51,0%) ... The total number of permanent residents of Greece with foreign citizenship during the Census was 912.000.

9950:, p. 200: "An overall view of the finding obtained from these cephalometric analyses indicates that the Greek ethnic group has remained genetically stable in its cephalic and facial morphology for the last 4,000 years." 6613:

The Greek Italian community numbers some 30,000 and is concentrated mainly in central Italy. The age-old presence in Italy of Italians of Greek descent – dating back to Byzantine and Classical times – is attested to by the

1216:, but this narrative has been abandoned in all contemporary research. It is likely that one of the factors which contributed to the Mycenaean palatial collapse was linked to raids by groups known in historiography as the " 10432: 12667:

The brain drain is quickening. A recent study by the University of Thessaloniki found that more than 120,000 professionals, including doctors, engineers and scientists, have left Greece since the start of the crisis in

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first born male child named after the paternal grandfather, the second male child after the maternal grandfather, and similarly for female children. Personal names are often familiarized by a diminutive suffix, such as

2284:. It was the wealth of the extensive merchant class that provided the material basis for the intellectual revival that was the prominent feature of Greek life in the half century and more leading to the outbreak of the 6897:

Some 35,000 Greeks reside in Belgium. Official Belgian data numbers Greeks in the country at 17,000, but does not take into account Greeks who have taken Belgian citizenship or work for international organizations and

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civilizations in the Aegean, were genetically homogeneous. In contrast, the Aegean population during the Middle Bronze Age was more differentiated; probably due to gene flow from a Yamnaya-related population from the

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The total number of Greeks living outside Greece and Cyprus today is a contentious issue. Where census figures are available, they show around three million Greeks outside Greece and Cyprus. Estimates provided by the

4774:, while others derive from trade professions, physical characteristics, or a location such as a town, village, or monastery. Commonly, Greek male surnames end in -s, which is the common ending for Greek masculine 5176:

Greeks cluster with the central Mediterranean and Eastern Mediterranean samples. Studies using mitochondrial DNA gene markers (mtDNA) showed that Greeks group with other Mediterranean European populations and

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Retro-migrations of Greeks from all parts of the Empire (mainly from Southern Italy and Sicily) into parts of Greece that were depopulated by the Slavic Invasions (mainly western Peloponnesus and Thessaly).

1723:, they became secondary to religious considerations, and the renewed empire used Christianity as a tool to support its cohesion and promote a robust Roman national identity. From the early centuries of the 12563:

The archaeological and textual evidence clearly demonstrates that there were well-established connections between the Aegean and western Anatolia during the late-fifteenth through the thirteenth centuries

6382: 1619:(non-Greek) peoples, which was deepened in the new cosmopolitan environment of the multi-ethnic Hellenistic kingdoms. This led to a strong desire among Greeks to organize the transmission of the Hellenic 10066: 1043: 4614:

with a white cross surrounded by two laurel branches. A common design involves the current flag of Greece and the pre-1978 flag of Greece with crossed flagpoles and the national emblem placed in front.

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In ancient times, the trading and colonizing activities of the Greek tribes and city states spread the Greek culture, religion and language around the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins, especially in

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See for example Anthony Bryer, 'The Empire of Trebizond and the Pontus' (Variourum, 1980), and his 'Migration and Settlement in the Caucasus and Anatolia' (Variourum, 1988), and other works listed in

7426: 5331:-speaking population was settled in Asia Minor (now Turkey), while later that century a huge wave of migration to the United States, Australia, Canada and elsewhere created the modern Greek diaspora. 3435: 5064:

these civilizations and modern Greeks, but not isolation in the history of populations of the Aegean, before and after the time of its earliest civilizations. Furthermore, proposed migrations by

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system, according to which Muslims were explicitly awarded senior status and preferential treatment. These Greeks either emigrated, particularly to their fellow Orthodox Christian protector, the

9938:, p. 237: "Interpreted with caution, the craniofacial morphology in modern and ancient Greeks indicates elements of ethnic group continuation within the unavoidable multicultural mixtures." 1346:

in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hellenism was primarily a matter of common culture. The works of

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The most obvious link between modern and ancient Greeks is their language, which has a documented tradition from at least the 14th century BC to the present day, albeit with a break during the

2244:. Several Ottoman sultans and princes were also of part Greek origin, with mothers who were either Greek concubines or princesses from Byzantine noble families, one famous example being sultan 3301:(London and Liverpool) from where they traded, typically in textiles and grain. Businesses frequently comprised the extended family, and with them they brought schools teaching Greek and the 1613:. Greeks, however, remained aware of their past, chiefly through the study of the works of Homer and the classical authors. An important factor in maintaining Greek identity was contact with 1294: 12849:

Atkinson, Quentin D.; Gray, Russel D. (2006). "Chapter 8: How Old is the Indo-European Language Family? Illumination or More Moths to the Flame?". In Forster, Peter; Renfrew, Colin (eds.).

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Today, an estimated three million Americans resident in the United States claim Greek descent. This large, well-organized community cultivates close political and cultural ties with Greece.

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world, the Byzantine Greeks contributed by the dissemination of literacy and Christianity. The most notable example of the later was the work of the two Byzantine Greek brothers, the monks

6475: 3612:, and survives in small communities in Greece, New York and Israel. In addition to Greek, many Greek citizens in Greece and the diaspora are bilingual in other languages such as English, 6539: 12621: 10801: 9911:, p. 504: "Autochthony, being an Athenian idea and represented in many Athenian texts, is likely to have influenced a broad public of readers, wherever Greek literature was read." 15662:

Schaller, Dominik J.; Zimmerer, Jürgen (2008). "Late Ottoman Genocides: The Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish Population and Extermination Policies – Introduction".

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colonists was not discernible in their data, thus "rejecting the hypothesis that the cultures of the Aegean were seeded by migrants from the old civilizations of these regions." The

7280: 9400: 7058: 6691: 5213:), similar to mainland Greeks who share high IBD with Eastern Europeans. This reflects settlement patterns in Crete, driven by Myceneans and Dorians, Goths and Slavs. Peoples like 1687:("Greece, although captured, took its wild conqueror captive"). In the centuries following the Roman conquest of the Greek world, the Greek and Roman cultures merged into a single 7176: 11548:). "We live around a sea like frogs around a pond" was how Socrates, so Plato tells us, described to his friends the Hellenic cities of the Aegean in the late fifth century B.C." 6884: 2145:. Many Ottomans of Greek (or Albanian or Serb) origin were therefore to be found within the Ottoman forces which governed the provinces, from Ottoman Egypt, to Ottomans occupied 10643: 10313: 9763:: "The deluge in the time of Deucalion, for instance took place chiefly in the Greek world and in it especially about ancient Hellas, the country about Dodona and the Achelous." 9362: 7379: 7313: 7210: 6773: 3057:

Around 1990, most Western estimates of the number of ethnic Greeks in Albania were around 200,000 but in the 1990s, a majority of them migrated to Greece. The Greek minority of

2113:. Greeks are greatly credited for the European cultural revolution, later called the Renaissance. In Greek-inhabited territory itself, Greeks came to play a leading role in the 9430: 6962: 6851: 5151:). A study in 2008 showed that Greeks are genetically closest to Italians and Romanians and another 2008 study showed that they are close to Italians, Albanians, Romanians and 4234:

The Greeks of the Classical and Hellenistic eras made seminal contributions to science and philosophy, laying the foundations of several western scientific traditions, such as

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in 2011, 23,800 Greeks emigrated to Germany, a significant increase over the previous year. By comparison, about 9,000 Greeks emigrated to Germany in 2009 and 12,000 in 2010.

9339: 6509: 6318: 1838:(Γραικοί, "Greeks") was also used, though its use was less common, and nonexistent in official Byzantine political correspondence, prior to the Fourth Crusade of 1204. The 1451:

conquest for the sake of conquest" or at least conquest for the sake of riches, glory and power and view the "ideal" as useful propaganda directed towards the city-states.

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and other centers of Greek learning, while Byzantine science was essentially a continuation of classical science. Greeks have a long tradition of valuing and investing in

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The Greeks of classical antiquity idealized their Mycenaean ancestors and the Mycenaean period as a glorious era of heroes, closeness of the gods and material wealth. The

8644:, p. 345: "The Frankish court no longer regarded the Byzantine Empire as holding valid claims of universality; instead it was now termed the 'Empire of the Greeks'." 2024:

were those principally responsible for carrying, in person and in writing, ancient Greek grammatical and literary studies to the West during the 15th century, giving the

5626:. Liberated after a long struggle by the Empire of Nicaea, but fragments remain separated. Migrations between Asia Minor, Constantinople and mainland Greece take place. 4846:

for female names. Greeks generally do not use middle names, instead using the genitive of the father's first name as a middle name. This usage has been passed on to the

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every year while the faculty lists of leading Western universities contain a striking number of Greek names. Notable Greek scientists of modern times include: physician

10300:"The long and adventurous 20th century history of migration in Greece can be drawn by period: .... 1990's: The vast majority of the 200,000 ethnic Greeks from Albania". 3109:, the number is closer to just below five million. Integration, intermarriage, and loss of the Greek language influence the self-identification of the Greek diaspora ( 11544:, p. 260: "Cities employed the coins of an empire that formed a community of cities encircling the Mediterranean Sea, which Romans audaciously called "Our Sea" ( 9272: 7071:

It is estimated that some 20,000 to 30,000 persons of Greek origin currently reside in Argentina, and there are Greek communities in the wider region of Buenos Aires.

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nearly ended the three millennia-old Greek presence in Asia Minor. Other longstanding Greek populations can be found from southern Italy to the Caucasus and southern

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places the event as late as 1600 BC. Numerous other theories have also been supported, but there is a general consensus that the Greek tribes arrived around 2100 BC.

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that scholars began to question Homer's historicity. As part of the Mycenaean heritage that survived, the names of the gods and goddesses of Mycenaean Greece (e.g.

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in the Balkans. Mycenaean elites were genetically the same as Mycenaean commoners in terms of their steppe ancestry, while some Mycenaeans lacked it altogether.

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of the Greek Orthodox Church, and most of the early Christians and Church Fathers were Greek-speaking. There are small groups of ethnic Greeks adhering to other

2601:, not by citizenship, race, and religion or by being subjects of any particular state. In ancient and medieval times and to some extent today the Greek term was 10070: 20752: 1921:

A distinct Greek identity re-emerged in the 11th century in educated circles and became more forceful after the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the

10284: 6248: 20072: 17812: 12813: 10896: 7477: 1949:, who abandoned Christianity and in whose writings culminated the secular tendency in the interest in the classical past. However, it was the combination of 10248: 2926: 1609:

This age saw the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state. These larger cities were parts of the still larger

14045:

Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection (Volume Five: Michael VIII to Constantine XI 1258–1453)

3160:. In 2010, the Hellenic Parliament introduced a law that allowed members of the diaspora to vote in Greek elections; this law was repealed in early 2014. 8632:, 389: "Mense lanuario c. epiphaniam Basilii, Graecorum imperatoris, legati cum muneribus et epistolis ad Hludowicum regem Radasbonam venerunt ...". 3049:

in 1974, while the population decreased between mid-1974 and 1977 as a result of emigration, war losses, and a temporary decline in fertility. After the

17796: 17786: 11225: 10213:, p. 24: "In occupied Cyprus on the other hand, where heavy ethnic cleansing took place, only 300 Greek Cypriots remain from the original 200,000!" 9452:"The kinship of all Greeks in blood and speech, and the shrines of gods and the sacrifices that we have in common, and the likeness of our way of life." 6420: 3558:

in the 19th century, which emphasized the modern Greeks' ancient heritage, these foreign influences were excluded from official use via the creation of

1111:, as they presented themselves centuries later and are therefore subject to some uncertainties. There were at least two migrations, the first being the 12691: 2362:, in particular the harsh removal of Pontian Greeks from the southern shore area of the Black Sea, contemporaneous with and following the failed Greek 11965:"European Population Genetic Substructure: Further Definition of Ancestry Informative Markers for Distinguishing Among Diverse European Ethnic Groups" 10674: 10488: 17866: 2334:, probably the most important intellectual of the movement, advocated the use of the term "Hellene" (Έλληνας) or "Graikos" (Γραικός) in the place of 1625:

to the next generation. Greek science, technology and mathematics are generally considered to have reached their peak during the Hellenistic period.

13993: 12255:

Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca; Piazza, Alberto (1993). "Human genomic diversity in Europe: a summary of recent research and prospects for the future".

8303:, p. 51: "The Hellenistic period is commonly portrayed as the great age of Greek scientific discovery, above all in mathematics and astronomy." 6994: 6383:"Statistical Service – Population and Social Conditions – Population Census – Announcements – Preliminary Results of the Census of Population, 2011" 5279: 5270: 3562:, a somewhat artificial form of Greek purged of all foreign influence and words, as the official language of the Greek state. In 1976, however, the 2399:

The terms used to define Greekness have varied throughout history but were never limited or completely identified with membership to a Greek state.

1342:

of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC. According to some scholars, the foundational event was the

16258: 6352: 4693:. The democratic form of government declined during the Hellenistic and Roman eras, only to be revived as an interest in Western Europe during the 3327:

In the 20th century, many Greeks left their traditional homelands for economic reasons resulting in large migrations from Greece and Cyprus to the

6864:

Some 15,000 Greeks reside in the wider region of Paris, Lille and Lyon. In the region of Southern France, the Greek community numbers some 20,000.

21678: 21674: 21670: 21666: 21662: 12300: 9382:

I. Polinskaya, "Shared sanctuaries and the gods of others: On the meaning Of 'common' in Herodotus 8.144", in: R. Rosen & I. Sluiter (eds.),

9076: 6803: 6413:"Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2011–2013 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates" 9543:

New Political Constitution of the Inhabitants of Rumeli, Asia Minor, the Islands of the Aegean, and the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia

6800:"Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года в отношении демографических и социально-экономических характеристик отдельных национальностей" 6275:"Statistical Data on Immigrants in Greece: An Analytic Study of Available Data and Recommendations for Conformity with European Union Standards" 21658: 19597: 18642: 18563: 18402: 11024: 10722: 10002: 9779:, 16.233–16.235: "King Zeus, lord of Dodona ... you who hold wintry Dodona in your sway, where your prophets the Selloi dwell around you." 7515: 6683: 3878:

and adapted the pagan motifs in the service of Christianity, provided a stimulus to the art of many nations. Its influences can be traced from

11103: 18715: 12611: 10454: 6531: 3762: 3745:

Greek-speaking Muslims live mainly outside Greece in the contemporary era. There are both Christian and Muslim Greek-speaking communities in

3031: 972: 17844: 16553:Ταυτότητες στον ελληνικό κόσμο (από το 1204 έως σήμερα. Δ΄ Ευρωπαϊκό Συνέδριο Νεοελληνικών Σπουδών, Γρανάδα, 9–12 Σεπτεμβρίου 2010. Πρακτικά 10726: 7293:

The Greek community in Switzerland is estimated to number some 11,000 persons (of a total of 1.5 million foreigners residing in the country.

21654: 19772: 18652: 15423:

Papagrigorakis, M.J.; Kousoulis, A.A.; Synodinos, P.N. (2014). "Craniofacial Morphology in Ancient and Modern Greeks through 4,000 Years".

3404:

is credited with revitalizing Greek culture and giving birth to the synthesis of ancient and medieval elements that characterize it today.

3037:

Greeks from Cyprus have a similar history of emigration, usually to the English-speaking world because of the island's colonization by the

2326:, contributed not only in the promotion of education, culture and printing among the Greeks, but also in the case of independence from the 10403: 7272: 5163:. A 2003 study showed that Greeks cluster with other South European (mainly Italians) and North-European populations and are close to the 4565:, which features nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white representing the nine syllables of the Greek national motto 21682: 11638: 9406: 9359: 8474:, p. 264: "From the fourth century AD onwards the Greeks of the eastern Roman empire called themselves Rhomaioi ('Romans') ..." 9427: 8837: 7050: 5571:

conquest of several parts of Greece, Greek migrations to Southern Italy, Roman emperors capture main Slavic bodies and transfer them to

1808:, one of the most renowned philosophers of the late Byzantine era, a chief pioneer of the revival of Greek scholarship in Western Europe 20142: 20102: 19635: 14887:

Levene, Mark (1998). "Creating a Modern 'Zone of Genocide': The Impact of Nation- and State-Formation on Eastern Anatolia, 1878–1923".

7168: 6825: 4921:

and trade were natural outlets for Greeks since the Greek peninsula is mostly rocky and does not offer good prospects for agriculture.

3102: 11175: 10990: 10635: 10321: 10044: 9336: 7371: 7305: 7202: 6876: 6765: 6285: 3250: 1039:

Proto-Greek area of settlement (2200/2100–1900 BC) suggested by Katona (2000), Sakelariou (2016, 1980, 1975) and Phylaktopoulos (1975)

21979: 21702: 7146: 6969: 6843: 5894: 4960:. In later times, the Byzantine Greeks plied the sea-lanes of the Mediterranean and controlled trade until an embargo imposed by the 3222:. Under the Roman Empire, easier movement of people spread Greeks across the Empire and in the eastern territories, Greek became the 9756: 6747: 6734: 6592: 5454:

and Southern Italy. The first Pan-Hellenic festival, the Olympic games, is held in 776 BC. The emergence of Pan-Hellenism marks the

2689:; all of these terms were used, synonymously, to denote a common Greek identity. In the historical period, Herodotus identified the 20359: 20009: 18676: 15776:

Skourtanioti, Eirini; Ringbauer, Harald; Gnecchi Ruscone, Guido Alberto; Bianco, Raffaela Angelina; et al. (16 January 2023).

11339: 10604: 8357: 8174: 8097: 6501: 4214: 2801:

and the "Greeks" who later came to be known as "Hellenes". In the Homeric tradition, the Selloi were the priests of Dodonian Zeus.

2536:; during the mid-to-late Byzantine period (11th–13th century), a growing number of Byzantine Greek intellectuals deemed themselves 2280:

The roots of Greek success in the Ottoman Empire can be traced to the Greek tradition of education and commerce exemplified in the

20024: 18187: 12453:"Assessing temporal and geographic contacts across the Adriatic Sea through the analysis of genome-wide data from Southern Italy" 9714: 7404: 6570: 3739: 11141: 7326:

The Greek Romanian community numbers some 10,000, and there are many Greeks working in established Greek enterprises in Romania.

4822:) and so forth. In addition to a Greek origin, some surnames have Turkish or Latin/Italian origin, especially among Greeks from 21984: 20612: 19871: 19749: 19719: 19455: 19451: 19447: 16208:

The Mechanism of Catastrophe: The Turkish Pogrom of September 6–7, 1955, and the Destruction of the Greek Community of Istanbul

12988:

The Cambridge Ancient History: Plates to Volume III, the Middle East, the Greek World and the Balkans to the Sixth Century B.C.

11692: 10165: 8575: 7247: 6315:"Population - Country of Birth, Citizenship Category, Country of Citizenship, Language, Religion, Ethnic/Religious Group, 2011" 5132: 1131:, which descended from the Mycenaean period. Both migrations occur at incisive periods, the Mycenaean at the transition to the 11664: 10356: 9046: 8260: 6450: 1103:, at the end of the 3rd millennium BC between 2200 and 1900 BC. The sequence of migrations into the Greek mainland during the 20255: 19886: 19286: 19215: 18573: 17859: 17630: 17597: 17576: 17553: 17532: 17511: 17490: 17467: 17446: 17418: 17397: 17376: 17355: 17313: 17292: 17266: 17233: 17177: 17138: 17107: 17073: 17040: 17019: 16996: 16961: 16940: 16907: 16886: 16853: 16817: 16775: 16719: 16686: 16609: 16586: 16537: 16504: 16475: 16456: 16426: 16405: 16384: 16361: 16327: 16306: 16285: 16217: 16194: 16173: 16117: 16096: 16063: 16042: 16021: 15952: 15931: 15904: 15885: 15861: 15840: 15737: 15702: 15629: 15608: 15587: 15566: 15545: 15524: 15492: 15471: 15413: 15390: 15323: 15302: 15281: 15239: 15206: 15185: 15164: 15141: 15081: 15046: 15013: 14980: 14956: 14921: 14741: 14708: 14632: 14576: 14504: 14483: 14425: 14392: 14359: 14338: 14315: 14294: 14261: 14240: 14219: 14186: 14153: 14132: 14099: 14078: 14053: 14020: 13938: 13917: 13863: 13844: 13821: 13785: 13762: 13741: 13697: 13676: 13640: 13607: 13583: 13550: 13476: 13455: 13429: 13396: 13363: 13327: 13306: 13264: 13233: 13212: 13189: 13166: 13145: 13124: 13078: 13059: 13038: 13017: 12996: 12975: 12923: 12902: 12881: 12858: 12761: 12728: 10831: 10775: 10234: 10136: 10100: 9621: 9191: 8017: 7659: 7620: 7471: 4685:. While theoretically these definitions are in opposition, in practice the distinction has been blurred historically. Led by 3371: 2345:

religion continued after the creation of the modern Greek nation-state in 1830. According to the second article of the first

2192:) to be Hellenic. There were, however, many Greeks who escaped the second-class status of Christians inherent in the Ottoman 17636: 17603: 17319: 17239: 17206: 17183: 17113: 17046: 16967: 16913: 16859: 16823: 16781: 16725: 16692: 16615: 16510: 16069: 15708: 15361: 15212: 15052: 15019: 15005:

Hellenic Temples and Christian Churches: A Concise History of the Religious Cultures of Greece from Antiquity to the Present

14986: 14927: 14747: 14714: 14638: 14603: 14510: 14431: 14398: 14365: 14267: 14192: 14159: 14105: 14026: 13890: 13791: 13714: 13646: 13613: 13556: 13402: 13369: 13333: 13239: 12767: 12734: 12588: 9265: 8915: 5692:

European Ottoman lands partitioned; unorganized migrations of Greeks, Bulgarians and Turks towards their respective states.

2370:

of the Ottoman Empire and the placement of its economy and trade, then largely in Greek hands under ethnic Turkish control.

2256: 19812: 19569: 19364: 18636: 11499: 8215: 7083: 5124: 3824:

Greek art has a long and varied history. Greeks have contributed to the visual, literary and performing arts. In the West,

1969:

identity, which was reinforced in the late Medieval and Ottoman Greeks' links with their fellow Orthodox Christians in the

12654: 9004: 5128: 2300:, all three major centres of Greek commerce. Greek success was also favoured by Greek domination in the leadership of the 2085:(1395/1403–1472) played a key role in transmitting classical knowledge to Western Europe, contributing to the Renaissance. 1846:, a name not used during its own time) became increasingly influenced by Greek culture after the 7th century when Emperor 20536: 20176: 19963: 19607: 18647: 18488: 17992: 11297: 9573:

under its Patriarch and Church helped to ensure the persistence of a separate ethnic identity, which, even if it did not

9223: 7223:

The Greek community of Georgia is currently estimated at 15,000 people, mostly elderly people living in the Tsalkas area.

4345: 4262:. The scholarly tradition of the Greek academies was maintained during Roman times with several academic institutions in 3003:

and continuity shared between both groups. There is also a direct genetic link between ancient Greeks and modern Greeks.

1399:, their first loyalty was to their city and they saw nothing incongruous about warring, often brutally, with other Greek 1004: 11445: 7610: 4689:, Athenians established what is generally held as the first democracy in 508–507 BC, which took gradually the form of a 3650: 3366:

While official figures remain scarce, polls and anecdotal evidence point to renewed Greek emigration as a result of the

3198:. Under Alexander the Great's empire and successor states, Greek and Hellenizing ruling classes were established in the 3034:

between Greece and Turkey. About 80% of the population of Greece is urban, with 28% concentrated in the city of Athens.

2992:, certain values and cultural traditions, customs, a sense of religious and cultural difference and exclusion (the word 22051: 20344: 20112: 20001: 19728: 19558: 19403: 18798: 18037: 15254: 14526:

Klein, Holgen A. (2004). "Eastern Objects and Western Desires: Relics and Reliquaries between Byzantium and the West".

13101: 12556: 12374: 11919: 11897: 10919: 7840: 6717: 3715: 3061:, which numbered upwards of 200,000 people after the 1923 exchange, has now dwindled to a few thousand, after the 1955 12012:

King, Roy J.; et al. (2008). "Differential Y-chromosome Anatolian influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic".

7346: 5020: 4606:) on a blue background, is widely used as an alternative to the official flag, and they are often flown together. The 1895:

could be used neutrally, its use by Westerners from the 9th century onwards in order to challenge Byzantine claims to

21710: 20207: 19564: 19549: 18662: 18617: 18548: 18543: 18240: 16754: 16000: 15652: 15355: 14597: 14449:"Antique Names and Self-Identification: Hellenes, Graikoi, and Romaioi from Late Byzantium to the Greek Nation-State" 13884: 13285: 11369: 8909: 8882: 8720: 7124: 7028: 6446: 4210: 3234:

of southern Italy, numbering about 60,000, may represent a living remnant of the ancient Greek populations of Italy.

2363: 2288:

in 1821. Not coincidentally, on the eve of 1821, the three most important centres of Greek learning were situated in

2021: 1955: 1372:) were written in the 8th century BC, becoming the basis of the national religion, ethos, history and mythology. The 11607: 11259: 6910: 5764:. 1.5 million of Asia Minor and Pontic Greeks settle in Greece, and some 450 thousands of Muslims settle in Turkey. 5135:

markers, show that Greeks share similar backgrounds as the rest of the Europeans and especially Southern Europeans (

5096:, introduced via a proximal source related to the inhabitants of the Eurasian steppe who are hypothesized to be the 1929:, a small circle of the elite used the term "Hellene" as a term of self-identification. For example, in a letter to 1602:, both of which maintained Greek cultures and governments for centuries. The end is often placed around conquest of 22041: 20187: 20182: 20014: 19931: 19461: 18213: 17852: 17745: 11685:"Lecture by Prof. David Reich - "The Genetic History of the Southern Arc: A Bridge between West Asia & Europe"" 10892: 10275: 9732: 7453: 6184:

While Greek authorities signed the agreement legalizing the population exchange this was done on the insistence of

5968:

Some statistics show the beginning of a trend of reverse migration of Greeks from the United States and Australia.

1562: 754:

Those whose stated ethnic origins included "Greek" among others. The number of those whose stated ethnic origin is

18627: 17830: 5092:

culture in the Levant (~7–14%). The Mycenaeans had also inherited ~3.3–5.5% ancestry from a source related to the

4980: 2747:

says that Phthia was the homeland of the Hellenes and that this name was given to those previously called Greeks (

2117:, due in part to the fact that the central hub of the empire, politically, culturally, and socially, was based on 20222: 19714: 17753: 17700: 12874:

Crossing the Aegean: The Consequences of the 1923 Greek-Turkish Population Exchange (Studies in Forced Migration)

6936: 6171:

dates the arrival of the Greeks around 1900 BC, John Caskey believes that there were two waves of immigrants and

5947: 3704: 2350: 1978: 1590:

was the next period of Greek civilization, the beginnings of which are usually placed at Alexander's death. This

6638: 22056: 19842: 19379: 12933:

Bjørnlund, Matthias (February 2008). "The 1914 Cleansing of Aegean Greeks as a Case of Violent Turkification".

9828: 8687: 5043: 16598:"Time Depth, Convergence Theory, and Innovation in Proto-Indo-European: 'Old Europe' as a PIE Linguistic Area" 16556: 14456: 13486:

Clemente, Florian; Unterländer, Martina; Dolgova, Olga; Amorim, Carlos Eduardo G.; et al. (13 May 2021).

11023:. Roula Tsokalidou (Primary School Education Department, University of Thessaly, Greece). pp. 1245–1255. 1903:

for the Byzantines who barely used it, mostly in contexts relating to the West, such as texts relating to the

21740: 21006: 20897: 19985: 19911: 19368: 19266: 18632: 17874: 17759: 12681: 12370:"Genetics of the peloponnesean populations and the theory of extinction of the medieval peloponnesean Greeks" 11217: 9158: 8798:"Greece during the Byzantine period (c. AD 300–c. 1453), Population and languages, Emerging Greek identity". 5792: 5107:

A genetic study by Clemente et al. (2021) found that in the Early Bronze Age, the populations of the Minoan,

2533: 1000: 21138: 18376: 17725: 5363:

tribes from around the Southern Balkans/Aegean are generally thought to have arrived in the Greek mainland.

1881:, the Latin West started to favour the Franks and began to refer to the Eastern Roman Empire largely as the 1439:

Most of the feuding Greek city-states were, in some scholars' opinions, united by force under the banner of

21222: 20217: 20108: 19656: 19522: 19374: 19094: 18790: 18603: 18079: 15782: 14701:

Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. Volume II: Diaspora Communities

10666: 10484: 5983: 5864: 5229: 5178: 4760: 4288: 3332: 3138: 3134: 2921: 2909: 1384: 1090: 987:

communities in a number of other countries. Today, most Greeks are officially registered as members of the

18286: 14417:

Hellenism in Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition

5303:, 45 dark blond/light brown, 49 dark brown, 3 brown red/auburn and 11 had black hair; eye colour, 13 with 4790:

of a patronymic name. Many surnames end in suffixes that are associated with a particular region, such as

999:

is the oldest recorded living language and its vocabulary has been the basis of many languages, including

21635: 21624: 21427: 20603: 20098: 19971: 19852: 19801: 19744: 19696: 19676: 19512: 19276: 19248: 18351: 18180: 17956: 16678:

The Aegean from Bronze Age to Iron Age: Continuity and Change between the Twelfth and Eighth Centuries BC

16159: 14824:

Lazaridis, Iosif; Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songül; Acar, Ayşe; Açıkkol, Ayşen; et al. (26 August 2022).

13949: 11839:

Ayub, Q (2003). "Reconstruction of human evolutionary tree using polymorphic autosomal microsatellites".

7392:

There are between 10,000 and 12,000 ethnic Greeks living in Kazakhstan, organized in several communities.

6998: 5735:(modern-day Izmir) more than 40 thousand Greeks killed; end of significant Greek presence in Asia Minor. 4630:. It is not part of the modern Greek flag or coat-of-arms, although it is officially the insignia of the 4481: 4465: 1448: 17672: 16228: 6360: 3507:, variously dated from the 8th to the 6th century BC. Notable scientific and mathematical works include 2954: 2032:

philosophical tradition was nearly unbroken in the Greek world for almost two thousand years, until the

967:

In recent times, most ethnic Greeks live within the borders of the modern Greek state or in Cyprus. The

21964: 21736: 21688: 20909: 20566: 20127: 20063: 19917: 19481: 19477: 19473: 19469: 19465: 19384: 18756: 18686: 18503: 14064: 9721:: "From when Hellen Deuc became king of otis and those previously called Graekoi were named Hellenes." 5924: 3782: 3641: 3360: 3142: 3046: 2393: 2313: 2274: 2044: 1392:

architecture and literature would be instrumental in the formation and development of Western culture.

9963:

Gibbons, Ann (2 August 2017). "The Greeks really do have near-mythical origins, ancient DNA reveals".

9068: 5597:

Roman dissolution of surviving Slavic settlements in Greece and full recovery of the Greek peninsula.

5190: 4309: 1716:, in the sense of being pagan, by their Christianized Greek brethren in mainstream Byzantine society. 21640: 21473: 21180: 21170: 21051: 20622: 20593: 20589: 20532: 20458: 20320: 20167: 19625: 19617: 19389: 19351: 19294: 19271: 19230: 18852: 18780: 18599: 18533: 18528: 18513: 18312: 17284: 16127: 11013: 8928:

By the end of the fourteenth century the Byzantine emperor was often called "Emperor of the Hellenes"

7117: 6799: 6744: 5813: 5779: 5182: 5117: 5026: 4705: 4607: 4572: 3991: 3798: 3625: 3621: 3577: 3539: 3317: 3270: 2317: 2285: 2188:, (as opposed to being so named by others) and, at least those educated, considered their ethnicity ( 10011: 7508: 5937:

Many civil war refugees allowed to return to Greece. Retro-migration of Greeks from Germany begins.

4312:(acclaimed contributor to real and complex analysis and the calculus of variations); archaeologists 2204:. The most notable examples of large-scale conversion to Turkish Islam among those today defined as 2093:

on 29 May 1453, many Greeks sought better employment and education opportunities by leaving for the

1255:) were especially and generally accepted as part of the Greek past and it was not until the time of 21770: 21435: 21124: 21067: 20527: 20487: 20172: 20131: 20019: 19734: 19724: 19528: 19398: 19304: 19172: 19164: 19062: 18990: 18856: 18775: 18761: 18553: 18473: 18104: 14914:

The Nature and Function of Water, Baths, Bathing and Hygiene from Antiquity through the Renaissance

12318: 11095: 7684:

Kurt Aland, Barbara Aland The text of the New Testament: an introduction to the critical 1995 p. 52

5675: 5085: 4732: 4619: 4194: 4005: 3902: 3711: 3527: 3308:

As markets changed and they became more established, some families grew their operations to become

3214:

is characterized by a new wave of Greek colonization that established Greek cities and kingdoms in

2553: 2497: 1934: 1587: 27: 17389:

Ottoman Greeks in the Age of Nationalism: Politics, Economy, and Society in the Nineteenth Century

10462: 6185: 2633:

Greeks and Greek-speakers have used different names to refer to themselves collectively. The term

1954:

expressions of Hellenic identity were confined within intellectual circles, but were continued by

21924: 21833: 21650: 21132: 20483: 20348: 20241: 20162: 19807: 19630: 19393: 19299: 19220: 19194: 19176: 19168: 19130: 19054: 19050: 18994: 18695: 18681: 18583: 18518: 18417: 18060: 18053: 18022: 17882: 17347:

A Historical and Economic Geography of Ottoman Greece: The Southwestern Morea in the 18th Century

12814:"A comparative cephalometric investigation of the Greek craniofacial pattern through 4,000 years" 6218:, p. 196: "The Greek diaspora remains large, consisting of up to 4 million people globally." 6145: 5093: 4740: 4736: 4716: 4457: 4413: 3802: 3456: 3417: 3242: 2690: 2177: 2161: 1950: 1946: 1907:, to present the Western viewpoint. Additionally, among the Germanic and the Slavic peoples, the 1066: 20: 14627:. Washington, DC: Center for Hellenic Studies, Trustees for Harvard University. pp. 29–50. 10392: 2979:

descent based on autochthony. During the later years of the Eastern Roman Empire, areas such as

2403:

gave a famous account of what defined Greek (Hellenic) ethnic identity in his day, enumerating

21955: 21934: 21916: 21716: 21616: 21423: 21022: 20284: 20232: 20147: 19881: 19866: 19782: 19438: 19198: 19086: 19082: 19074: 19070: 19066: 18848: 18460: 18455: 18427: 18173: 14654:

Lagouvardos, Panagiotis E.; Tsamali, Ioana; Papadopoulou, Christine; Polyzois, Gregory (2012).

6135: 5081: 4397: 4284: 4202: 4154: 3914: 3910: 3735: 3468: 3367: 3348: 3016: 3012: 2658: 2576:, which together with the conception of Hellenism, formulated during the last centuries of the 2541: 2346: 2090: 2033: 1633: 1459: 1213: 1108: 1094: 15136:. Montreal & Kingston, London, Ithaca: McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 196–232. 14384:

Eastern Europe at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century: A Guide to the Economies in Transition

13774:"Canonising and Decanonising Homer: Reception of the Homeric Poems in Antiquity and Modernity" 12452: 11889: 11883: 11630: 8710: 3174: 1801: 22046: 21974: 21881: 21698: 21458: 21189: 21026: 20479: 20453: 20311: 20202: 20196: 20093: 20068: 20058: 19876: 19848: 19587: 19487: 19190: 19078: 19046: 18094: 12486:

Skourtanioti, Eirini; Ringbauer, Harald; Ruscone, Guido Alberto Gnecchi; et al. (2023).

12324: 12155:"Mitochondrial DNA variation of modern Tuscans supports the Near Eastern origin of Etruscans" 9396: 8829: 6014: 5775: 5418:

The Mycenaean civilization ends with destructions of palaces and internal displacements. The

5108: 5101: 5089: 4949: 4724: 4622:, the imperial emblem of the last dynasty of the Eastern Roman Empire and a common symbol in 4611: 4576: 4567: 4546: 4501: 4385: 4361: 4325: 4297: 4067: 3987: 3825: 3786: 3676: 3645: 3302: 3255: 3169: 2342: 2077: 2052: 1343: 988: 868: 742: 17690: 6829: 6712:

Rippin, Andrew (2008). World Islam: Critical Concepts in Islamic Studies. Routledge. p. 77.

6274: 5055:

Factor correspondence analysis comparing different individuals from European ancestry groups

1387:, in 323 BC (some authors prefer to split this period into "Classical", from the end of the 1099:

The Proto-Greeks probably arrived at the area now called Greece, in the southern tip of the

21928: 21920: 21911: 21891: 21577: 21237: 21227: 21194: 21128: 20708: 20618: 20517: 20429: 20332: 20316: 19959: 19927: 19787: 19686: 19661: 19508: 19154: 19100: 18986: 18671: 18558: 18508: 18432: 18422: 18366: 18361: 18336: 18256: 18134: 18032: 17976: 17910: 17099: 14910:"Archimedes, the North Baths at Morgantina, and Early Developments in Vaulted Construction" 14778: 13961: 11795: 11738: 11183: 10982: 10036: 8530: 7359:

Currently there are about 9,500 Greeks living in Uzbekistan, with 6,500 living in Tashkent.

6077: 5748:; Greece and Turkey agree to exchange populations with limited exceptions of the Greeks in 5732: 5580: 5360: 5311: 5097: 4988: 4712: 4659:. The term appeared in the 5th century BC to denote the political systems then existing in 4317: 4223: 4052: 3887: 3790: 3508: 3191: 2569: 2323: 1914:

There are three schools of thought regarding this Byzantine Roman identity in contemporary

1440: 1419: 1395:

While the Greeks of the classical era understood themselves to belong to a common Hellenic

1086: 856: 19891: 12487: 10069:. Γραφείο Τύπου και Πληροφοριών, Υπουργείο Εσωτερικών, Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία. Archived from 9464:

Nationalism and Ethnosymbolism: History, Culture and Ethnicity in the Formation of Nations

7138: 4979:

The Greek shipping tradition recovered during the late Ottoman rule (especially after the

3479:

has a continuous history of over 2,500 years. The oldest inscriptions in Greek are in the

1447:'s Pan-Hellenic ideals, though others might generally opt, rather, for an explanation of " 8: 21969: 21853: 21166: 21089: 20994: 20305: 20237: 19991: 19977: 19838: 19681: 19579: 19554: 19518: 18738: 18451: 18412: 18276: 18271: 18119: 18114: 18089: 17971: 17936: 16338: 14763:

Lazaridis, Iosif; Mittnik, Alissa; Patterson, Nick; Mallick, Swapan; et al. (2017).

11381:

R. Po-chia Hsia, Lynn Hunt, Thomas R. Martin, Barbara H. Rosenwein, and Bonnie G. Smith,

10364: 9753: 9569:, p. 98: "After the Ottoman conquest in 1453, recognition by the Turks of the Greek 8522: 8163: 6731: 5516: 5261: 5202: 5186: 4728: 4720: 4694: 4421: 4417: 4373: 4166: 4150: 4056: 4048: 4044: 4029: 3918: 3845: 3833: 3563: 3492: 3153: 3106: 2638: 2620: 2408: 2208:—excluding those who had to convert as a matter of course on being recruited through the 2056: 2025: 1974: 1959: 1904: 1467: 1444: 1429: 1380: 1158: 1136: 1128: 72: 17545:

After The War Was Over: Reconstructing the Family, Nation and State in Greece, 1943–1960

17524:

Ourselves and Others: The Development of a Greek Macedonian Cultural Identity since 1912

14862: 14825: 14782: 13965: 12428: 12344: 11799: 11742: 11331: 8349: 8089: 6995:"World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Turkey: Rum Orthodox Christians" 5682:

begins. Large-scale migrations from Constantinople and Asia Minor to Greece take place.

2629:

Map showing the major regions of mainland ancient Greece, and adjacent "barbarian" lands

758:"Greek" is 145,250. An additional 3,395 Cypriots of undeclared ethnicity live in Canada. 21901: 21886: 21721: 21620: 21607: 21217: 21158: 21150: 21079: 20776: 20336: 20249: 20212: 20152: 19967: 19833: 19828: 19767: 19759: 19426: 18699: 18691: 18667: 18622: 18356: 18322: 18149: 17905: 17839: 16743: 16667: 16555:. Vol. 3. Athens: European Association of Modern Greek Studies. pp. 419–430. 16206: 16147: 15812: 15777: 15764: 15747:

Shahid, Irfan (1972). "The Iranian Factor in Byzantium during the Reign of Heraclius".

15679: 15641: 15448: 15231:

Athletes and Oracles: The Transformation of Olympia and Delphi in the Eighth Century BC

15116: 15108: 14875: 14807: 14764: 14683: 14565: 14551: 14543: 13985: 13522: 13487: 13113: 13090: 12950: 12800: 12468: 12404: 12369: 12280: 12232: 12204:"Analysis and Application of European Genetic Substructure Using 300 K SNP Information" 12203: 12179: 12154: 12130: 12105: 12037: 11989: 11964: 11940: 11914: 11864: 11816: 11783: 11764: 7592: 7496: 6047: 5927:. Almost all Greeks living in northern Cyprus flee to the south or the United Kingdom. 5907: 5886: 5745: 5225: 5156: 5144: 5004: 4933: 4744: 4647: 4575:. The blue square in the upper hoist-side corner bears a white cross, which represents 4497: 4437: 4429: 4425: 4405: 4329: 4313: 4178: 4158: 4135: 4131: 4123: 4115: 4040: 3979: 3922: 3861: 3808: 3654: 3617: 3597: 3535: 3452: 3211: 3203: 3026: 2809: 2354: 2241: 2229: 2082: 1990: 1965:

The interest in the Classical Greek heritage was complemented by a renewed emphasis on

1874: 1861:

recognized the Eastern Empire's claim to the Roman legacy for several centuries, after

1712:

remained pagan until the ninth century and as such its inhabitants were referred to as

1645: 1640:

was spreading and Greek missionaries would play an important role in propagating it to

1591: 1579: 1525: 1521: 1497: 1388: 1070: 888:

Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the

16130:(March 2008). "On Young Turk Social Engineering in Eastern Turkey from 1913 to 1950". 13602:. Ethnic Groups of the World Series. Santa Barbara and Oxford: ABC-CLIO Incorporated. 13421:

The Ancient Mariners: Seafarers and Sea Fighters of the Mediterranean in Ancient Times

12121: 12081: 12056: 11149: 9711: 8445: 8428: 7412: 6578: 4700:

The European enlightenment and the democratic, liberal and nationalistic ideas of the

2020:

were largely responsible for the preservation of the literature of the classical era.

22016: 21896: 21843: 21774: 21443: 21142: 21055: 21010: 20340: 20227: 20078: 20047: 19941: 19860: 19856: 19503: 19359: 19309: 19260: 19225: 18802: 18523: 18492: 18346: 18341: 18228: 18208: 18012: 17626: 17593: 17572: 17549: 17528: 17507: 17503:

Fields of Wheat, Hills of Blood: Passages to Nationhood in Greek Macedonia, 1870–1990

17486: 17479: 17463: 17442: 17414: 17393: 17372: 17351: 17309: 17288: 17262: 17229: 17173: 17134: 17131:

Conventional Values of the Hellenistic Greeks (Studies in Hellenistic Civilization 8)

17103: 17069: 17036: 17015: 17008: 16992: 16985: 16957: 16936: 16903: 16882: 16849: 16813: 16771: 16750: 16715: 16682: 16605: 16582: 16533: 16500: 16481: 16471: 16452: 16422: 16401: 16380: 16357: 16323: 16302: 16281: 16250: 16213: 16190: 16169: 16113: 16092: 16059: 16038: 16017: 15996: 15948: 15927: 15881: 15857: 15836: 15817: 15799: 15733: 15698: 15648: 15625: 15604: 15583: 15562: 15541: 15520: 15513: 15488: 15467: 15440: 15409: 15386: 15351: 15319: 15298: 15277: 15235: 15202: 15181: 15160: 15153: 15137: 15130:"5 Greece: From Emigration to Immigration and the Problems of Inter-Ethnic Relations" 15120: 15077: 15042: 15009: 14976: 14952: 14917: 14879: 14867: 14849: 14830: 14812: 14794: 14737: 14704: 14675: 14655: 14628: 14593: 14572: 14500: 14479: 14421: 14388: 14355: 14334: 14327: 14311: 14290: 14257: 14236: 14215: 14182: 14149: 14128: 14095: 14074: 14049: 14016: 13977: 13950:"Language-tree Divergence Times Support the Anatolian Theory of Indo-European Origin" 13934: 13913: 13880: 13859: 13840: 13817: 13781: 13758: 13737: 13693: 13672: 13636: 13603: 13579: 13546: 13527: 13509: 13472: 13451: 13425: 13392: 13359: 13323: 13302: 13281: 13260: 13229: 13208: 13185: 13162: 13141: 13120: 13097: 13074: 13055: 13034: 13013: 12992: 12971: 12964: 12919: 12898: 12877: 12854: 12825: 12804: 12757: 12724: 12552: 12472: 12409: 12391: 12349: 12272: 12237: 12184: 12135: 12086: 12029: 12025: 11994: 11945: 11893: 11856: 11821: 11756: 11365: 10827: 10240: 10230: 10132: 9824: 9617: 9524: 9197: 9187: 8905: 8878: 8716: 8628: 7655: 7616: 7467: 7235: 6713: 6097: 6037: 5951: 5796: 5719: 5495: 4996: 4969: 4961: 4876: 4701: 4516: 4489: 4473: 4469: 4369: 4259: 4247: 4206: 4198: 4174: 4143: 4025: 4017: 3983: 3975: 3929: 3746: 3589: 3543: 3531: 3460: 3388: 3383: 3344: 3207: 3071: 3067: 3022: 2971: 2959: 2594: 2331: 2270: 2129:, and of course was centred on the mainly Greek-populated, former Byzantine capital, 2006: 2002: 1915: 1878: 1823: 1676: 1669: 1543: 1455: 1404: 1104: 1054: 1030: 980: 889: 852: 553: 17565: 16151: 15683: 15452: 15436: 14687: 14555: 12954: 12284: 12041: 11768: 11684: 8567: 8553:, Chapter 2: "Christian Monotheism, Orthodox Christianity, Greek Orthodoxy", p. 74; 8429:"A critical lexicostatistical examination of Ancient and Modern Greek and Tsakonian" 4541: 3105:

put the figure at around seven million worldwide. According to George Prevelakis of

2548:

urged his soldiers to remember that they were the descendants of Greeks and Romans.

21906: 21778: 21706: 21439: 21411: 21212: 21174: 21120: 21094: 21083: 21014: 20905: 20854: 20608: 20421: 20401: 20137: 20123: 18608: 18447: 18407: 18397: 18327: 18281: 18266: 18251: 18109: 17985: 17410:

Balkan Economic History, 1550–1950: From Imperial Borderlands to Developing Nations

16663: 16240: 16139: 15975: 15871: 15807: 15791: 15756: 15671: 15502:

Podzuweit, Christian (1982). "Die mykenische Welt und Troja". In Hänsel, B. (ed.).

15432: 15100: 15070: 14896: 14857: 14839: 14802: 14786: 14769: 14667: 14535: 13969: 13517: 13501: 13444: 12942: 12792: 12460: 12399: 12383: 12339: 12329: 12264: 12227: 12217: 12174: 12166: 12125: 12117: 12076: 12068: 12021: 11984: 11976: 11935: 11927: 11848: 11811: 11803: 11746: 9968: 9038: 8952: 8440: 8252: 6442: 6052: 5551: 5491: 5394:

ruled by a Mycenaean elite, who formed a hybrid Mycenaean-Minoan culture on Crete.

5378: 5374: 5112: 5051: 5030: 5008: 4690: 4660: 4652: 4635: 4588: 4554: 4508: 4493: 4485: 4461: 4337: 4333: 4255: 4139: 4075: 4009: 3933: 3853: 3794: 3629: 3605: 3547: 3476: 3352: 3336: 3294: 3286: 3274: 3199: 3130: 3058: 3050: 2975: 2826: 2744: 2706: 2616: 2577: 2556:

was created in 1829, when the Greeks liberated a part of their historic homelands,

2509: 2301: 2201: 2200:, or simply converted to Islam, often only very superficially and whilst remaining 2017: 2010: 1998: 1926: 1839: 1805: 1794: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1408: 1284: 1272: 1233: 1148: 1120: 1116: 1074: 1047: 976: 937: 789: 20746: 19907: 17741:: The Construction and Uses of the Greek Past among Greeks under the Roman Empire. 16229:"The HIrisPlex System for Simultaneous Prediction of Hair and Eye Colour from DNA" 15896: 15132:. In Roberts, Lance W.; Ferguson, Barry; Bös, Mathias; Von Below, Susanne (eds.). 13909:

Population Dilemmas in the Middle East: Essays in Political Demography and Economy

13030:

Greek Warfare: From the Battle of Marathon to the Conquests of Alexander the Great

11868: 11383:

The Making of the West, Peoples and Cultures, A Concise History, Volume I: To 1740

10767: 10092: 9402:

Herodotus, The Seventh, Eighth, & Ninth Books with Introduction and Commentary

8009: 4883:

The traditional Greek homelands have been the Greek peninsula and the Aegean Sea,

4504:(philosopher of history and ontologist, social critic, economist, psychoanalyst). 2962:'s clothes, by a manuscript depicting scenes from his life (between 1204 and 1453) 2625: 1606:

by Rome in 30 BC, although the Indo-Greek kingdoms lasted for a few more decades.

1383:

of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the

22010: 21950: 21873: 21766: 21731: 21497: 21447: 21419: 21255: 21247: 21232: 21204: 21098: 20551: 20354: 19945: 19666: 19651: 19532: 19038: 19012: 18838: 18568: 18538: 18386: 18307: 18154: 18139: 18129: 18084: 18004: 17834: 17729: 17620: 17587: 17543: 17522: 17501: 17457: 17408: 17387: 17366: 17345: 17303: 17276: 17256: 17223: 17200: 17167: 17093: 17063: 17030: 16951: 16930: 16897: 16876: 16843: 16807: 16765: 16709: 16676: 16597: 16576: 16527: 16494: 16446: 16416: 16395: 16372: 16350: 16317: 16296: 16275: 16245: 16184: 16163: 16107: 16086: 16053: 16032: 16011: 15990: 15942: 15921: 15875: 15851: 15830: 15725: 15692: 15619: 15598: 15577: 15556: 15535: 15482: 15461: 15401: 15378: 15343: 15313: 15292: 15271: 15229: 15196: 15175: 15129: 15036: 15003: 14970: 14944: 14909: 14731: 14696: 14620: 14587: 14494: 14473: 14415: 14382: 14349: 14305: 14284: 14251: 14230: 14209: 14176: 14143: 14122: 14089: 14068: 14043: 14010: 13989: 13928: 13907: 13874: 13832: 13811: 13773: 13752: 13731: 13708: 13687: 13668:

The Coming of the Greeks: Indo-European Conquests in the Aegean and the Near East

13666: 13630: 13597: 13573: 13540: 13466: 13419: 13386: 13353: 13317: 13296: 13275: 13223: 13200: 13177: 13156: 13135: 13049: 13028: 13007: 12986: 12913: 12892: 12869: 12751: 12718: 12580: 12222: 11672: 9760: 9718: 9434: 9366: 9343: 8983:, Part II Medieval Libraries: Chapter 6 Byzantine and Moslem Libraries, pp. 71–88 8899: 8872: 7649: 6751: 6738: 5911: 5878: 5860: 5809: 5520: 5512: 5508: 5487: 5419: 4984: 4779: 4445: 4433: 4341: 4235: 4182: 4103: 4079: 4033: 3998: 3994: 3956: 3778: 3754: 3750: 3707: 3692: 3585: 3484: 3464: 3356: 3321: 3282: 3278: 3157: 3114: 3062: 2967: 2754: 2682: 2540:

although for most Greek-speakers, "Hellene" still meant pagan. On the eve of the

2384: 2221: 2126: 2122: 1941:

became again dominant as a term for self-description and there are few traces of

1930: 1858: 1603: 1547: 1463: 1433: 1225: 1224:

was followed by a poorly attested period of migrations, appropriately called the

1221: 1209: 1166: 1124: 913: 864: 860: 21071: 18484: 15506:(in German). Berlin: Prahistorische Archäologie in Sudosteuropa. pp. 65–88. 15402:"Introduction – Modernity, History, and Conflict in Divided Cyprus: An Overview" 14826:"The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe" 14621:"To Hellenikon Ethnos: Ethnicity and the Construction of Ancient Greek Identity" 11507: 10397:

or the Return of the Greeks? State and Diaspora in the Context of Globalisation"

8574:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 23 December 2015. Online Edition. 8207: 8016:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 18 February 2016. Online Edition. 6419:. U.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. 2013. Archived from 2974:

was in use during this period). Scholars compare its continuity of tradition to

21960: 21863: 21746: 21489: 21415: 21368: 21162: 21110: 21039: 21034: 21002: 20901: 20806: 20655: 20546: 20522: 20448: 20324: 20301: 20292: 20192: 20118: 20088: 20082: 19739: 19709: 19704: 19602: 19238: 19234: 19186: 19004: 18612: 18498: 18437: 18317: 18296: 18027: 17949: 17915: 17733: 17163: 16839: 16654:

Dickinson, Oliver (December 1999). "Invasion, Migration and the Shaft Graves".

15795: 14966: 13505: 13492: 13349: 12796: 12644: 12585:

Chapter 5, Statistics of Turkey's Democide Estimates, Calculations, And Sources

12334: 12308: 10800:. Comité International Permanent des Études Mycéniennes, UNESCO. Archived from 10716:"Genocide Scholars Association Officially Recognizes Assyrian, Greek Genocides" 8996: 6140: 6092: 6062: 6057: 5890: 5761: 5749: 5706: 5702: 5643: 5639: 5619: 5584: 5555: 5328: 5327:

Caucasus, Syria and Egypt. By the early 20th century, over half of the overall

5237: 5073: 5060: 5000: 4884: 4867: 4827: 4803: 4627: 4592: 4580: 4562: 4528: 4512: 4389: 4377: 4353: 4321: 4263: 4251: 4243: 4162: 4107: 4095: 4091: 4021: 3964: 3960: 3937: 3906: 3875: 3857: 3727: 3593: 3488: 3448: 3413: 3397: 3393: 3340: 3328: 3313: 3309: 3298: 3195: 3183: 3145: 3087: 3075: 3038: 3030:

new territories, as well as the influx of 1.5 million Greek refugees after the

2989: 2984: 2913: 2778: 2598: 2565: 2561: 2545: 2529: 2501: 2493: 2359: 2327: 2197: 2181: 2157: 2130: 2118: 2114: 2102: 2068: 1994: 1970: 1966: 1922: 1891: 1857:

610–641 AD) decided to make Greek the empire's official language. Although the

1831: 1779: 1765: 1728: 1649: 1637: 1229: 1174: 1062: 996: 984: 968: 961: 941: 933: 905: 876: 848: 831: 819: 729: 573: 193: 16485: 16143: 15778:"Ancient DNA reveals admixture history and endogamy in the prehistoric Aegean" 15675: 14671: 12946: 12853:. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. pp. 91–109. 12488:"Ancient DNA reveals admixture history and endogamy in the prehistoric Aegean" 12464: 11980: 11751: 11726: 11289: 10774:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 27 August 2014. Online Edition. 9215: 4537:

The national flag of Greece is commonly used as a symbol for Greeks worldwide.

3886:

in the East. In turn, Greek art was influenced by eastern civilizations (i.e.

22035: 22020: 21533: 21501: 21453: 21384: 21184: 21154: 21102: 21063: 21043: 21018: 20638: 20628: 20599: 20513: 20473: 20468: 20443: 20369: 19792: 19777: 19252: 18657: 18578: 18332: 18124: 17920: 17749: 15803: 14853: 14798: 14589:

Brigands with a Cause: Brigandage and Irredentism in Modern Greece, 1821–1912

14475:

Diaspora Merchants in the Black Sea: The Greeks in Southern Russia, 1775–1861

13807: 13513: 13439: 12812:

Argyropoulos, Evangelos; Sassouni, Viken; Xeniotou, Anna (1 September 1989).

12395: 12208: 11453: 9845: 9201: 9003:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 30 March 2016. Online Edition. 8956: 7596: 6619: 6615: 6107: 6087: 6028: 5839: 5198: 5065: 4888: 4847: 4787: 4477: 4449: 4301: 4227: 4099: 4087: 4083: 4013: 3968: 3871: 3731: 3684: 3581: 3551: 3516: 3223: 3219: 3187: 2917: 2573: 2367: 2233: 2205: 2094: 2040: 1982: 1595: 1567: 1488: 1425: 1416: 1303: 1014: 1009: 769: 133: 14844: 13051:

Exploring the Greek Mosaic: A Guide to Intercultural Communication in Greece

12870:"3 Lausanne Revisited: Population Exchanges in International Law and Policy" 12534:

Architecture of Minoan Crete: Constructing Identity in the Aegean Bronze Age

11915:"Measuring European population stratification with microarray genotype data" 11532:, 109c: "ὥσπερ περὶ τέλμα μύρμηκας ἢ βατράχους περὶ τὴν θάλατταν οἰκοῦντας." 10244: 9972: 8897: 7832: 6937:"Bevolking; geslacht, leeftijd, generatie en migratieachtergrond, 1 januari" 6641:(in Italian). Unione dei Comuni della Grecìa Salentina. 2016. Archived from 5914:

under Greek, Turkish and British protection. Economic emigration continues.

4956:), and the explorer of the Northwestern Passage Ioannis Fokas also known as 4638:. It had been incorporated in the Greek coat of arms between 1925 and 1926. 3092: 2388:, a Greek literary publication of the late 18th and early 19th centuries in 1407:, the large scale civil war between the two most powerful Greek city-states 1312: 1035: 936:. Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the 21848: 21505: 21477: 21340: 21304: 21260: 21114: 21075: 21059: 21047: 20963: 20939: 20877: 20798: 20698: 20690: 20561: 20387: 20245: 19330: 19318: 18976: 18878: 18769: 18442: 18371: 18046: 16254: 15821: 15444: 14900: 14871: 14816: 14679: 14656:"Tooth, Skin, Hair and Eye Colour Interrelationships in Greek Young Adults" 13981: 13662: 13593: 13531: 12616: 12576: 12413: 12353: 12301:"A genetic history of the Balkans from Roman frontier to Slavic migrations" 12241: 12188: 12139: 12090: 12033: 11998: 11949: 11860: 11825: 11760: 8356:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 13 May 2015. Online Edition. 8259:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 27 May 2015. Online Edition. 6172: 6072: 6067: 5835: 5817: 5623: 5534: 5455: 5307:, 15 with intermediate (green, heterochromia) and 91 had brown eye colour. 5218: 4957: 4872: 4775: 4393: 4381: 4170: 4127: 4119: 3952: 3849: 3818: 3700: 3696: 3661: 3573: 3559: 3472: 3231: 2999: 2589: 2525: 2505: 2260: 2217: 2048: 1896: 1862: 1827: 1769: 1720: 1665: 1571: 1339: 949: 836: 761: 233: 15775: 15134:

Multicultural Variations: Social Incorporation in Europe and North America

14496:

People and Power in Byzantium: An Introduction to Modern Byzantine Studies

12829: 12783:

Angold, Michael (1975). "Byzantine 'Nationalism' and the Nicaean Empire".

12276: 10157: 9181: 6560:"Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables". statcan.gc.ca. 5084:, while the remainder mainly came from ancient populations related to the 4972:

was another explorer of modern times who was the first to reach Mbomu and

3761:

there is a large community of indeterminate size who were spared from the

3546:), and has absorbed many foreign words, primarily of Western European and 3526:

Greek demonstrates several linguistic features that are shared with other

3312:, financed through the local Greek community, notably with the aid of the 2568:

and merchant class were instrumental in transmitting the ideas of western

2176:

from the name Rhomaioi) was applied by the Ottomans to all members of the

1877:" on 25 December 800, an act which eventually led to the formation of the 21814: 21761: 21645: 21493: 21364: 21360: 21316: 21312: 21300: 21280: 21272: 21268: 21106: 20919: 20881: 20824: 20814: 20686: 20682: 20678: 20571: 20397: 20377: 20157: 19949: 19670: 19326: 19322: 19126: 18705: 16572: 15980: 15963: 15408:. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. pp. 1–29. 15253:. Cambridge, MA: President and Fellows of Harvard College. Archived from 12612:"Young, gifted and Greek: Generation G – the world's biggest brain drain" 12387: 11267: 10224: 8111:

and a half earlier) of Greece. No doubt, Philip wanted glory and plunder.

7338: 7020: 6168: 6117: 5979: 5289: 5233: 5214: 5152: 4945: 4686: 4664: 4550: 4441: 4409: 4401: 4111: 3891: 3837: 3688: 3601: 3555: 3520: 3503:, and several other alphabets. The earliest Greek literary works are the 3401: 3126: 2694: 2581: 2557: 2446: 2281: 2237: 2072: 1986: 1866: 1688: 1629: 1479: 1217: 673: 593: 413: 21406: 17622:

Hellenisms: Culture, Identity, and Ethnicity from Antiquity to Modernity

17129:

Bilde, P.; Engberg-Pedersen, T.; Hannestad, L.; Zahle, J., eds. (1997).

14790: 13973: 13158:

The Shaping of Western Civilization: From Antiquity to the Enlightenment

12366: 11807: 10952:"Modern Athenians fight for the right to worship the ancient Greek gods" 10455:"Meeting on the exercise of voting rights by foreigners of Greek origin" 3396:

had to endure through several centuries of adversity that culminated in

2761:, the patriarch of the Hellenes who ruled around Phthia, was the son of 1812:

During most of the Middle Ages, the Byzantine Greeks self-identified as

940:

of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient

21858: 21726: 21596: 21592: 21565: 21388: 21336: 21332: 21264: 21146: 20955: 20951: 20947: 20915: 20810: 20772: 20756: 20702: 20503: 20413: 19935: 19341: 19336: 19314: 19042: 18998: 18924: 18920: 18916: 18261: 17827: 17368:

Between Venice and Istanbul: Colonial Landscapes in Early Modern Greece

16377:

The Marangopoulos Foundation for Human Rights: Twenty Years of Activity

15768: 14823: 14547: 12985:

Boardman, John (1984). "13. The Greek World". In Boardman, John (ed.).

11852: 11659: 11176:"The Origin of Universities (University of Magnaura in Constantinople)" 6112: 6102: 5882: 5572: 5405: 5206: 5160: 4973: 4929: 4900: 4851: 4823: 4811: 4756: 4631: 4623: 4587:

has officially adopted a neutral flag to ease ethnic tensions with the

4357: 4271: 3883: 3723: 3672: 3613: 3609: 3491:

appears in the 9th–8th century BC. The Greek alphabet derived from the

3259: 3042: 2818: 2770: 2450: 2225: 1724: 1705: 1551: 1501: 1475: 1256: 1178: 1132: 1050: 953: 921: 917: 909: 901: 897: 653: 633: 17065:

Selected Papers: Studies in Greek and Roman History and Historiography

16352:

In the Footsteps of Alexander The Great: A Journey from Greece to Asia

16106:

Tonkin, Elizabeth; Chapman, Malcolm Kenneth; McDonald, Maryon (1989).

15112: 14653: 12520: 12427:

Drineas, Petros; Tsetsos, Fotis; Plantinga, Anna; et al. (2019).

12268: 11631:"Callas takes centre stage again as exhibition recalls Onassis's life" 10402:. Oxford: Transnational Communities Programme (Working Paper Series). 9150: 5381:, which produced the earliest textual evidence of the Greek language. 4464:(held various senior posts in international organisations such as the 4219: 2970:

from which written records are absent (11th- 8th cent. BC, though the

2297: 21573: 21561: 21537: 21467: 21431: 21396: 21356: 21348: 21328: 21288: 21030: 20983: 20975: 20935: 20927: 20873: 20848: 20784: 20742: 20730: 20581: 20556: 20463: 20433: 20328: 19592: 19138: 19032: 19016: 18936: 18902: 18834: 18826: 18810: 17963: 17942: 17705: 16379:. Athens and Komotini: Ant. N. Sakkoulas Publishers. pp. 21–38. 16298:

Voyages of Discovery: Captain Cook and the Exploration of the Pacific

9803: 9677: 6642: 6042: 5843: 5679: 5647: 5483: 5468:

Colonies established across the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.

5310:

Another study from 2012 included 150 dental school students from the

5148: 5140: 5069: 5040: 4965: 4892: 4855: 4682: 4656: 4239: 3829: 3774: 3422: 3149: 2994: 2939: 2878: 2838: 2830: 2794: 2774: 2766: 2740: 2400: 2378: 2349:

of 1822, a Greek was defined as any native Christian resident of the

2322:

The movement of the Greek enlightenment, the Greek expression of the

2209: 2142: 2134: 2029: 1847: 1615: 1539: 1493: 1330: 893: 872: 473: 173: 15760: 14539: 13468:

Twice A Stranger: How Mass Expulsion Forged Modern Greece and Turkey

11882:

Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca; Menozzi, Paolo; Piazza, Alberto (1996).

9222:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2016. Online Edition. 9045:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2016. Online Edition. 8679: 7703:

Bubenik, V. (2007). "The rise of Koiné". In A. F. Christidis (ed.).

3848:'s conquests initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek, 3813: 3475:). It has the longest documented history of any living language and 2266: 912:. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the 21802: 21786: 21782: 21587: 21557: 21553: 21545: 21541: 21513: 21485: 21392: 21352: 21320: 21296: 21284: 20959: 20891: 20885: 20844: 20818: 20802: 20788: 20764: 20738: 20726: 20663: 20659: 20651: 20437: 20417: 20392: 20382: 19981: 19921: 19180: 19160: 19146: 18932: 18866: 18144: 17459:

Ours Once More: Folklore, Ideology, and the Making of Modern Greece

16932:

Greeks and Pre-Greeks: Aegean Prehistory and Greek Heroic Tradition

16548: 16277:

Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean 400-800

16186:

History of Political Ideas: Hellenism, Rome, and Early Christianity

15104: 14945:"Katharevousa (c. 1800–1974): An Obituary for an Official Language" 14448: 13839:. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 35–50. 12649: 12170: 12072: 11931: 9254:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2008. Online Edition. 9136:. Grēgorios Kōnstantas (Original from Harvard University Library). 9121:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2008. Online Edition. 8802:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2008. Online Edition. 6189: 6122: 5821: 5576: 5241: 5210: 5136: 4941: 4305: 3945: 3665: 3567: 3512: 3500: 3480: 2790: 2427: 1790: 1744:

denoted pagans but was revived as an ethnonym in the 11th century.

1709: 1610: 1535: 1509: 1471: 1368: 1322: 1264: 1194: 1170: 1162: 896:, but the Greek people themselves have always been centered on the 533: 21463: 17791: 17695: 17172:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. 16899:

Egypt, Greece and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean

16373:"Non-governmental Organizations and Human Rights in Today's World" 15404:. In Papadakis, Nicos; Peristianis, Yiannis; Welz, Gisela (eds.). 15346:. In Christidis, A.-F.; Arapopoulou, Maria; Chritē, Maria (eds.). 12485: 12106:"Tracing European founder Lineages in the Near Eastern mtDNA pool" 12057:"In search of geographical patterns in European mitochondrial DNA" 9075:. United States: Columbia University Press. 2016. Online Edition. 8830:"Byzantium 1220 To 1330 - PDF - Byzantine Empire - Constantinople" 8712:

Identities and Allegiances in the Eastern Mediterranean After 1204

5722:; Greece and Bulgaria exchange populations, with some exceptions. 3320:. With economic success, the Diaspora expanded further across the 2657:(the Homeric "long-haired Achaeans" would have been a part of the 1774: 1073:. They are part of a group of classical ethnicities, described by 21838: 21822: 21810: 21806: 21798: 21794: 21569: 21549: 21509: 21372: 21308: 21292: 20967: 20866: 20858: 20780: 20768: 20734: 20714: 20694: 20647: 20540: 20508: 20498: 20405: 19797: 19142: 19134: 19058: 19024: 19020: 18956: 18948: 18890: 18882: 18860: 18818: 18806: 17722: 17371:. Princeton, NJ: American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 17350:. Princeton, NJ: American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 16549:"The Making of an Ethnic Group: The Romaioi in 12th–13th Century" 15534:

Postan, Michael Moïssey; Miller, Edward; Postan, Cynthia (1987).

15348:

A History of Ancient Greek: From the Beginnings to Late Antiquity

14091:

Byzantium in the Seventh Century: The Transformation of a Culture

12686: 12536:. Web: University of Texas Press. pp. 117–120, 122, 126–130. 10277:

Mapping Minorities and their Media: The National Context – Greece

9922: 8139:. United States: Columbia University Press. 2008. Online Edition. 7705:

A History of Ancient Greek: From the Beginnings to Late Antiquity

7693:

Archibald Macbride Hunter Introducing the New Testament 1972 p. 9

6502:"2021 Census of Population and Housing General Community Profile" 6082: 5982:, emigrate to other EU states due to high unemployment (see also 5955: 5757: 5423: 5391: 5245: 5194: 5164: 5035: 4992: 4937: 4925: 4533: 4365: 4349: 4267: 3719: 3118: 3025:, where they constitute 93% of the country's population, and the 2814: 2653: 2245: 2150: 2106: 1834:

had become synonymous with Christian Greeks. The Latinizing term

1621: 1599: 1598:

of many non-Greek cultures, extending all the way into India and

1505: 1358: 1251: 1201: 1112: 1100: 929: 713: 693: 613: 513: 433: 393: 313: 153: 16:

Ethnic group indigenous to Greece, Cyprus and surrounding regions

18165: 17797:

Hellenic-Argentine Chamber of Industry and Commerce (C.I.C.H.A.)

17035:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. 16301:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. 15422: 15383:

War, a Cruel Necessity?: The Bases of Institutionalized Violence

15251:"The Heroic and the Anti-Heroic in Classical Greek Civilization" 15201:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. 15072:

The Art of the Byzantine Empire, 312-1453: Sources and Documents

14762: 13485: 12753:

Imperial Ideology and Political Thought in Byzantium (1204–1330)

12720:

A History of the Greek Language: From its Origins to the Present

12426: 11727:"Correlation between genetic and geographic structure in Europe" 11713: 10010:(in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 2001. Archived from 9990: 9935: 9250:"History of Greece, Ottoman Empire, The merchant middle class". 2942:

to be the oldest in Greece, and the source of colonists for the

2184:

speakers were the only ethnic group to actually call themselves

1220:" who sailed into the eastern Mediterranean around 1180 BC. The 21630: 21525: 21400: 21380: 21376: 21344: 21324: 21276: 20979: 20971: 20943: 20931: 20923: 20862: 20840: 20718: 20670: 20493: 20425: 20409: 19953: 19256: 19150: 19116: 19112: 19108: 19090: 18982: 18964: 18960: 18928: 18870: 18830: 18822: 18814: 18765: 18196: 18017: 17886: 17877: 17822: 17723:

Transnational Communities Programme at the University of Oxford

17010:

The Greek Stones Speak: The Story of Archaeology in Greek Lands

15350:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 786–791. 13813:

Religions of the Silk Road: Premodern Patterns of Globalization

13713:. New York: Exeter Books (Paul Elek Productions Incorporated). 12449: 8557:, Chapter XIV: "Hellenism and Nationalism in Byzantium", p. 10. 6476:"Population in private households 2021 by migration background" 5847: 5753: 5451: 5437: 4913: 4908: 4904: 4819: 4663:, notably Athens, to mean "rule of the people", in contrast to 4584: 3879: 3841: 3758: 3657: 3215: 3122: 2943: 2822: 2805: 2798: 2786: 2782: 2762: 2758: 2736: 2389: 2293: 2193: 2169: 2164:, religion was the defining characteristic of national groups ( 2110: 1900: 1870: 1700: 1680: 1653: 1575: 1555: 1412: 1373: 1363: 1205: 1190: 1182: 1013:

in the Mediterranean world since the fourth century BC and the

957: 945: 844: 840: 493: 453: 373: 353: 333: 213: 113: 96: 16767:

Prehistory and History: Ethnicity, Class and Political Economy

16604:. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmBH. pp. 17–48. 15484:

Explorers of Antiquity: From Alexander the Great to Marco Polo

15335:

Being Byzantine: Greek Identity Before the Ottomans, 1200–1420

14286:

Introduction to the Modern Economic History of the Middle East

14235:(4th ed.). Lanham, MD: The Scarecrow Press Incorporated. 12962:

Boardman, John; Griffin, Jasper; Murray, Oswyn, eds. (1991) .

6939:(in Dutch). Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). 22 July 2021. 6684:"English version of Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs reports 3576:

has, in addition to Standard Modern Greek or Dimotiki, a wide

2721: 1785: 804: 21828: 21818: 21790: 21756: 21751: 21693: 21581: 21517: 21481: 20828: 20674: 19242: 19120: 19104: 19008: 18972: 18952: 18940: 18910: 18906: 18898: 18894: 18886: 18874: 18844: 18710: 15406:

Divided Cyprus: Modernity, History, and an Island in Conflict

15400:

Papadakis, Yiannis; Peristianis, Nicos; Welz, Gisela (2006).

9772: 9695: 6127: 5774:

Hundreds of thousands of Greeks die of starvation during the

5568: 5554:. Migrations of Greeks throughout the Empire, mainly towards 5479: 5478:

Defeat of the Persians and emergence of the Delian League in

5300: 5221: 5173: 4968:

opened the door for the later Italian pre-eminence in trade.

4948:, explorer of India, later the 6th century merchant and monk 4896: 4668: 4599: 3941: 3865: 3680: 3504: 3496: 3290: 3263: 3227: 2980: 2935: 2903: 2897: 2888: 2882: 2748: 2700: 2647: 2642: 2603: 2469: 2289: 2213: 2146: 2138: 2098: 1817: 1732: 1641: 1530: 1400: 1396: 1352: 1347: 1326: 1268: 1245: 1240: 1186: 1018: 925: 885:), with many Greek communities established around the world. 293: 273: 253: 17764: 15177:

Diaspora Entrepreneurial Networks: Four Centuries of History

14181:. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 14178:

Coinage in the Roman Economy, 300 B.C. to A.D. 700, Part 700

14070:

History and National Destiny: Ethnosymbolism and its Critics

14012:

Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Age: A Short History

13757:. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. 13692:. Lanham and New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 13178:"The Greek Tradition from Alexander to the End of Antiquity" 12811: 9947: 8680:"The Varangian legend: testimony from the Old Norse sources" 4782:. Occasionally (especially in Cyprus), some surnames end in 4618:

Another highly recognizable and popular Greek symbol is the

1973:. These were further strengthened following the fall of the 21529: 21521: 20834: 20794: 20760: 20722: 19028: 18968: 16165:

Hellenism-Judaism-Christianity: Essays on Their Interaction

15091:

Mango, Cyril (1965). "Byzantinism and Romantic Hellenism".

14699:. In Ember, Melvin; Ember, Carol R.; Skoggard, Ian (eds.). 13257:

Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian, Han Dynasty II

11881: 5538: 5304: 4453: 2715: 2479: 2460: 2437: 2418: 1696: 1578:), the last ruler of a Hellenistic kingdom (apart from the 1483: 1260: 798: 17808: 17710: 17685: 17225:

Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium (Hambledon Continuum)

15947:. Indianapolis and Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company. 13876:

Introduction to the History of the Indo-European Languages

13833:"3. Ethnic and Cultural Identity: Distinguishing Features" 13488:"The genomic history of the Aegean palatial civilizations" 10694: 10692: 10605:"As Crisis Deepens, Astoria Finds Its Greek Essence Again" 6188:

and after a million Greeks had already been expelled from

5021:

Mycenaean Greece § Genetic and anthropometric studies

4727:, who marked the shape of modern Greece, social democrats 4598:

The pre-1978 (and first) flag of Greece, which features a

3246:

Distribution of ethnic groups in 1918, National Geographic

2465:, 'common foundations, common sacrifices to gods') 867:, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the 18944: 17439:

Russia and the Making of Modern Greek Identity, 1821-1844

14453:

Re-imagining the Past: Antiquity and Modern Greek Culture

14387:. London and New York: Routledge (Taylor & Francis). 13856:

Late Merovingian France: History and Hagiography, 640–720

13259:(Revised ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. 12991:

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 199–289.

12297: 8164:"Growth of the Greek Colonies in the First Millennium BC" 4918: 2492:

has traditionally referred to any native speakers of the

17748:

is a scholarly organization for modern Greek studies in

17344:

Davis, Jack E.; Zarinebaf, Fariba; Bennet, John (2005).

17169:

Studies on the Internal Diaspora of the Byzantine Empire

16370: 15399: 13201:"The Transformation of the Roman Mediterranean, 400–900" 12645:"Greece's young: Dreams on hold as fight for jobs looms" 10210: 10186: 7806:. US: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2008. Online Edition. 6532:"United Kingdom: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 5519:; Greek colonies established in newly founded cities of 5494:; ends with Athens defeat by Sparta at the close of the 5080:~58.4–65.8% of the ancestry of the Mycenaeans came from 4432:(extensive work on particle physics and cosmology), and 4070:

was the leading political figure of 20th century Greece.

17776: 17481:

Greece without Columns: The Making of the Modern Greeks

16956:. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. 16010:

Tatakes, Vasileios N.; Moutafakis, Nicholas J. (2003).

15919: 14493:

Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich; Constable, Giles (1982).

13778:

Homer and the Bible in the Eyes of Ancient Interpreters

11264:

Law 851, Gov. Gazette 233, issue A, dated 21/22.12.1978

11124: 11021:

Actas/Proceedings II Simposio Internacional Bilingüismo

10689: 10667:"OECD Says Euro-Zone Crisis Has Led to Some Emigration" 9821:

The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots

8898:

Jane Perry Clark Carey; Andrew Galbraith Carey (1968).

7651:

Understanding English Homonyms: Their Origins and Usage

4507:

Significant engineers and automobile designers include

3580:

of varying levels of mutual intelligibility, including

17781: 16496:

The Linguistic Relationship Between Armenian and Greek

16418:

A Companion to Alexander Literature in the Middle Ages

15315:

Tormented by History: Nationalism in Greece and Turkey

14124:

A History of the Archaic Greek World, ca. 1200–479 BCE

13545:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. 12966:

The Oxford History of Greece and the Hellenistic World

11385:(Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2007), 44. 10314:"Destroying a minority: Turkey's attack on the Greeks" 7427:"Bevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit und Geburtsland" 7139:"Население по местоживеене, възраст и етническа група" 6571:"South Africa: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 5650:

Greeks occupy high posts in Eastern European millets.

2524:("Christians") since they were the political heirs of 2353:, a clause removed by 1840. A century later, when the 17817: 17813:

American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association

16189:. Columbia and London: University of Missouri Press. 16105: 15732:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 284–293. 12961: 11266:. Presidency of the Hellenic Republic. Archived from 10164:. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2016. Online Edition. 10152: 10150: 10148: 10127:"Merchant Marine, Tertiary enrollment by age group". 10099:. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2016. Online Edition. 9587: 9186:( ed.). İstanbul: Nesil yayınları. p. 157. 8193: 7673:

Greek is the world's oldest recorded living language.

7345:. The Central Asia-Caucasus Institute. 21 June 2000. 7273:"Switzerland: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 7238:[Migrants from Greece in the Czech Republic] 4149:

Among the most significant modern-era architects are

3570:

the official language, making Katharevousa obsolete.

2727: 2724: 2180:, regardless of their language or ethnic origin. The 1173:, providing the first and oldest written evidence of 810: 807: 15385:. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. pp. 54–67. 14733:

Troy and Homer: Towards a Solution of an Old Mystery

14307:

The Corrupting Sea: A Study of Mediterranean History

14042:

Grierson, Philip; Bellinger, Alfred Raymond (1999).

12851:

Phylogenetic Methods and the Prehistory of Languages

12254: 11875: 11775: 11218:"University reforms in Greece face student protests" 11096:"The Byzantine empire, The lasting glory of its art" 9805:

The Tower of Babel: An Etymological Database Project

9707: 9705: 9616:. Stuttgart/Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter. p. 33. 8708: 7372:"Kazakhstan: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 6004: 5618:

Roman Empire dissolves, Constantinople taken by the

3483:

script, dated as far back as 1450 BC. Following the

2927: 2718: 801: 17032:

The Returns of Odysseus: Colonization and Ethnicity

16600:. In Bammesberger, Alfred; Vennemann, Theo (eds.). 15853:

Chosen Peoples: Sacred Sources of National Identity

15647:. London and New York: Cambridge University Press. 15537:

The Cambridge Economic History of Europe (Volume 2)

15487:. New York, NY: Britannica Educational Publishing. 14567:

Greece: The Modern Sequel: From 1831 to the Present

14455:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 81–97. 14062: 13930:

The Hellenistic Greeks: From Alexander to Cleopatra

10485:"Non-Greeks and diaspora lose out on voting rights" 7717: 7051:"Argentina: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 6997:. Minority Rights Group (MRG). 2005. Archived from 6633: 6631: 5950:. Approximately 340,000 ethnic Greeks migrate from 5646:into Europe begins. Ottoman settlements in Greece. 3722:, and groups adhering to other religions including 3021:Today, Greeks are the majority ethnic group in the 2735:) as a relatively small tribe settled in Thessalic 2712: 2709: 2665:1600 BC until 1100 BC). The other common names are 2587:The Greeks today are a nation in the meaning of an 2473: 2454: 2431: 2412: 2341:The relationship between ethnic Greek identity and 1534:The Hellenistic realms c. 300 BC as divided by the 1321:The three great philosophers of the classical era: 944:. The cultural centers of the Greeks have included 880: 795: 792: 17760:Got Greek? Next Generation National Research Study 17564: 17506:. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. 17478: 17386:Gondicas, Dimitri; Issawi, Charles Philip (1999). 17007: 16984: 16742: 16349: 16205: 15964:"Roman Identity in Byzantium: A Critical Approach" 15640: 15533: 15512: 15174:McCabe, Ina Baghdiantz; Harlaftis, Gelina (2005). 15152: 15069: 14972:Tradition and Transformation in Medieval Byzantium 14564: 14562: 14326: 13853: 13443: 13207:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–58. 13112: 13089: 12963: 12547:Beckman, Gary; Bryce, Trevor; Cline, Eric (2012). 11585: 10950: 10634:Papachristou, Harry; Elgood, Giles (20 May 2012). 10633: 10145: 9554: 8709:Herrin, Judith; Saint-Guillain, Guillaume (2011). 8641: 7169:"Bulgaria: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 16902:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 16451:. Yerevan: Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies. 16340:The Christian Topography of Cosmas Indicopleustes 16009: 15621:The Byzantine Grammarians: Their Place in History 15127: 14703:. New York, NY: Springer Science+Business Media. 14563:Koliopoulos, John S.; Veremis, Thanos M. (2002). 14041: 12546: 11318: 11204: 9986: 9984: 9982: 9702: 7306:"Romania: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 7203:"Georgia: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 6877:"Belgium: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 6766:"Ukraine: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 6342:, Yiannis Papadakis, "Cypriots, Greek", pp. 92–95 6215: 4879:, the best-known Greek shipping magnate worldwide 4708:and the establishment of the modern Greek state. 2697:as descendants of the earlier, Homeric Achaeans. 22033: 17261:. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. 17014:. New York and London: W.W. Norton and Company. 16356:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 16182: 15856:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 15661: 14492: 13119:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 12970:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 12005: 10746: 10702: 10222: 9495: 9245: 9243: 9241: 7707:. Cambridge: University Press. pp. 342–345. 7084:"Sweden: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 6844:"France: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 6628: 5228:left a minimal genetic impact on Cretans. But a 4681:), meaning "rule by an excellent elite", and to 3495:, and in turn became the parent alphabet of the 2825:the patriarch of the Hellenes. According to the 1157:1600 BC, the Mycenaean Greeks borrowed from the 564: 184: 16529:The Writer's Digest Character Naming Sourcebook 16034:With Intent to Destroy: Reflections on Genocide 15173: 15093:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 14765:"Genetic origins of the Minoans and Mycenaeans" 13854:Fouracre, Paul; Gerberding, Richard A. (1996). 11182:. University of Texas at Austin. Archived from 10551: 10059: 9958: 9956: 8891: 8433:Journal of Applied Linguistics and Lexicography 8426: 6593:"Italy: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 6353:"Where are the Greek communities of the world?" 5709:are estimated to have died during this period. 4924:Notable Greek seafarers include people such as 4571:(Freedom or Death), which was the motto of the 3894:, etc.) during various periods of its history. 2845:that the Hellenes were related to the Graikoi. 1719:While ethnic distinctions still existed in the 1204:, another Greek-speaking people, followed from 1065:, which forms its own unique branch within the 124: 17787:Hellenic Canadian Congress of British Columbia 17625:. Surrey, United Kingdom: Ashgate Publishing. 16770:. Montréal, Québec, Canada: Black Rose Books. 16656:Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 15311: 14351:The Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity 13948:Gray, Russel D.; Atkinson, Quentin D. (2003). 13816:(2nd ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 13578:. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. 11600:"Greek Tragedy: The life of Aristotle Onassis" 11148:. University of Virginia. 2007. Archived from 11014:"Greek-Speaking Enclaves of Lebanon and Syria" 10948: 10723:International Association of Genocide Scholars 10386: 10384: 10382: 10355:Birand, Mehm; et al. (7 September 2005). 10131:. London: Economist Books. 2006. p. 150. 9979: 9936:Papagrigorakis, Kousoulis & Synodinos 2014 9823:. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. 9300: 8877:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 582. 8189: 8187: 7376:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7310:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7277:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7244:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7207:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7173:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7088:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7055:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6881:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6848:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6770:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6597:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6575:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6536:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6284:. University of Pittsburgh. 15 November 2004. 4861: 4750: 3600:(the only surviving representative of ancient 2055:, who are credited today with formalizing the 224: 26:"Grecian" redirects here. For other uses, see 18181: 17860: 17592:. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press. 17548:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 17413:. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. 17068:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 16991:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 16749:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 16445:Asatryan, G.S.; Arakelova, Viktoriia (2002). 16183:Voegelin, Eric; Moulakis, Athanasios (1997). 16158: 15381:. In Hinde, Robert A.; Watson, Helen (eds.). 14354:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 14304:Horden, Peregrine; Purcell, Nicholas (2000). 14303: 14094:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 13736:. Oxford and New York: Blackwell Publishing. 13671:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 13450:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 13424:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 13277:The End of the Early Bronze Age in the Aegean 13228:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 11401: 11078: 11076: 10698: 10524: 10122: 10120: 10118: 10004:Πίνακας 9. Πληθυσμός κατά υπηκοότητα και φύλο 9744: 9742: 9238: 9131: 8793: 8791: 8789: 8787: 8785: 8783: 8171:Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics 7916: 7914: 7827: 7825: 6666: 6664: 4484:(founder of modern Greek historiography) and 3487:, from which written records are absent, the 2330:, and the restoration of the term "Hellene". 1793:(11th century) is credited with reviving the 1486:were to prove long lived as Greek became the 1127:, around the 11th century BC, displacing the 973:population exchange between Greece and Turkey 664: 584: 404: 17521:Mackridge, Peter; Yannakakis, Eleni (1997). 15926:. Malden and Oxford: John Wiley & Sons. 15519:. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. 15379:"4. Nationalist Imaginings of War in Cyprus" 15034: 14951:. London: The Merlin Press. pp. 25–52. 14949:Background to Contemporary Greece (Volume 1) 14916:. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. pp. 43–60. 14329:The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature 13947: 12848: 12429:"Genetic history of the population of Crete" 10920:"The ancient gods of Greece are not extinct" 10562: 10560: 10547: 10545: 10508: 10506: 9953: 8770: 8768: 8595: 8593: 8492: 7789: 7608: 6723: 5867:accelerates; fewer than 2,000 remain today. 4704:was a crucial factor to the outbreak of the 4226:was the first known individual to propose a 3459:, with its closest relations possibly being 1679:by the achievements of Greek culture, hence 1458:, after his victories at the battles of the 1123:by the 16th century BC, and the second, the 1107:has to be reconstructed on the basis of the 644: 624: 71: 17527:. Oxford, United Kingdom: Berg Publishers. 17407:Lampe, John R.; Jackson, Marvin R. (1982). 17205:. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. 16812:. Oxford and Malden: Blackwell Publishing. 16088:Balkan Sprachbund Morpho-Syntactic Features 15940: 15579:Europe's Nightmare: The Struggle for Kosovo 15466:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 14585: 14571:. New York, NY: New York University Press. 14310:. Oxford and Malden: Blackwell Publishing. 14214:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 13858:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 13575:The Greek Diaspora in the Twentieth Century 11486: 11440: 11438: 11436: 11434: 11432: 11419: 11417: 11039: 11037: 10989:. United States Department of State. 2006. 10379: 10226:The Balkans : a post-communist history 9861: 9859: 9857: 9855: 9179: 9100: 9098: 9096: 9094: 8991: 8989: 8482: 8480: 8184: 8096:. The Archaeological Institute of America. 8050: 7654:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 153. 7533: 7531: 7529: 7527: 7525: 7110: 4675: 2871: 2863: 2793:river, the location of the Great Deluge of 1208:. Older historical research often proposed 679:est. 2,478 to 10,000, possibly up to 50,000 539:1,356 (2011 census) up to 28,500 (estimate) 464: 164: 47: 20143:Greece and the International Monetary Fund 18188: 18174: 17867: 17853: 17765:Waterloo Institute for Hellenistic Studies 17255:Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich, ed. (1991). 17202:L'idéologie politique de l'Empire byzantin 16953:Hellenicity: Between Ethnicity and Culture 16227:Walsh, Susan; et al. (January 2013). 15961: 15624:. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter. 15504:Südosteuropa zwischen 1600 und 1000 v. Chr 15312:Özkırımlı, Umut; Sofos, Spyros A. (2008). 14947:. In Sarafis, Marion; Eve, Marion (eds.). 13837:Communicating Ethnic and Cultural Identity 13835:. In Fong, Mary; Chuang, Rueyling (eds.). 13771: 13294: 13133: 12911: 12867: 12682:"Greeks seek to escape debt crisis abroad" 11662:, pp. 1–13, Supplementary Materials: 11073: 11011: 10536: 10390: 10357:"The shame of Sept. 6–7 is always with us" 10115: 9948:Argyropoulos, Sassouni & Xeniotou 1989 9739: 9523: 9487: 9466:, Edinburgh University Press, 2006, p. 115 9288: 8780: 8759: 8747: 8342: 8247: 8245: 7964: 7911: 7822: 6742:, Hommes & migrations, Nº 1305, 2014. 6670: 6661: 6656:Sternatia 2583 Zollino 2143 Totale 54278). 6494: 6359:. Protothemanews.com. 2013. Archived from 5958:, southern Russia, and Albania to Greece. 2920:"). The term is possibly derived from the 2607:, which also indicates a common ancestry. 1977:in 1461, after which and until the second 1007:. Greek was by far the most widely spoken 524: 21703:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 17691:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria 17686:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 17462:. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. 17305:Constantine Porphyrogenitus and His World 16935:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 16878:The Greeks: A Portrait of Self and Others 16845:Ancient Greece: A Very Short Introduction 16714:. Partille, Sweden: Paul Aströms Förlag. 16653: 16532:. Cincinnati, OH: Writer's Digest Books. 16244: 16058:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 15979: 15811: 15697:. Los Angeles, CA: J. Paul Getty Museum. 15690: 15561:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. 15540:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 15501: 15459: 15376: 15341: 15234:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 14965: 14942: 14912:. In Kosso, Cynthia; Scott, Anne (eds.). 14861: 14843: 14806: 14420:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 14413: 14232:History of Libraries in the Western World 13521: 13384: 13355:Ancient Greece: A Very Short Introduction 13348: 12932: 12756:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 12403: 12343: 12333: 12231: 12221: 12178: 12153:Achilli, Alessandro; et al. (2007). 12129: 12080: 11988: 11939: 11841:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 11815: 11750: 11246: 11142:"Byzantine Medicine — Vienna Dioscurides" 10855: 10742: 10602: 10557: 10542: 10503: 9871: 9801: 9653: 9599: 9405:. Macmillan & Co. Ltd. Archived from 8904:. Columbia University Press. p. 33. 8874:History of the Byzantine Empire, 324–1453 8864: 8765: 8677: 8590: 8554: 8459: 8444: 8284: 8282: 8280: 8278: 7948: 7936: 7920: 7881: 7877: 7861: 7615:. Courier Dover Publications. p. 1. 7602: 7564: 7562: 7560: 7558: 7455:Mikrocenzus 2016 – 12. Nemzetiségi adatok 4711:Notable modern Greek politicians include 4074:Notable cinema or theatre actors include 2739:, with its warriors under the command of 2584:and the current conception of Hellenism. 1889:). While this Latin term for the ancient 1454:In any case, Alexander's toppling of the 1181:and, by the 15th century BC, had reached 704: 684: 604: 544: 504: 424: 384: 304: 144: 17701:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem 17441:. Oxford University Press. p. 296. 16400:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 16375:. In Sicilianos, Linos-Alexandre (ed.). 16371:Yotopoulos-Marangopoulos, Alice (2001). 16343:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 16336: 16233:Forensic Science International: Genetics 16055:Maritime Networks in the Mycenaean World 16051: 15723: 15638: 15480: 15076:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 15001: 14694: 14471: 14446: 14380: 14324: 14282: 14249: 13879:. Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. 13872: 13750: 13628: 13599:Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia 13438: 13221: 13175: 13071:Global Instability and Strategic Defence 13005: 12984: 12918:(in Italian). Cosenza: Editoriale Bios. 12679: 12575: 12103: 12054: 11885:The History and Geography of Human Genes 11781: 11565: 11557: 11429: 11414: 11169: 11167: 11034: 10760: 10636:"Greece Already Close to Breaking Point" 10590: 10566: 10512: 10273: 10223:Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (2007). 10190: 9877: 9852: 9511: 9499: 9491: 9296: 9266:"Greek Constitution of 1822 (Epidaurus)" 9091: 8986: 8962: 8870: 8858: 8774: 8715:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 111. 8665: 8560: 8550: 8529:, 425, Line 12 ("χῶρος ὅδε Γραικοῖσι"); 8498: 8477: 8471: 8414: 8378: 7952: 7905: 7873: 7816: 7522: 7451: 6623:dialect number fewer that 1,000 persons. 5978:Over 200,000 people, particularly young 5050: 5034: 4871: 4540: 4532: 4218: 4215:List of Greek inventions and discoveries 4146:are among the most important directors. 4062: 3812: 3765:because of their religious affiliation. 3649: 3429: 3421: 3249: 3241: 3173: 3091: 2953: 2934:, "to grow old", more specifically from 2624: 2377: 2265: 2076: 1956:Byzantine intellectuals who participated 1800: 1784: 1773: 1727:, the Greeks self-identified as Romans ( 1561: 1529: 1424: 1177:. The Mycenaeans quickly penetrated the 1042: 1034: 484: 444: 364: 344: 324: 204: 104: 87: 17571:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 17365:Davis, Jack E.; Davies, Siriol (2007). 16414: 16315: 16273: 16203: 15988: 15944:Readings in Classical Political Thought 15596: 15510: 15318:. New York: Columbia University Press. 15290: 15269: 15194: 15150: 15035:Mallory, James; Adams, Douglas (1997). 15008:. New York: New York University Press. 14618: 13685: 13315: 13273: 12749: 12716: 12569: 12531: 12152: 11912: 11888:. Princeton University Press. pp. 11423: 11128: 11055: 11043: 10843: 10603:Seiradaki, Emmanouela (11 April 2012). 10431:. SAE. 29 December 2006. Archived from 10342: 9995: 9962: 9892: 9890: 9888: 9886: 9865: 9818: 9611: 9475: 9318: 9104: 8968: 8546: 8486: 8402: 8390: 8242: 8038: 7980: 7753: 7702: 7647: 7537: 7514:CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5094:Eastern European Hunter-Gatherers (EHG) 4579:. The Greek flag is widely used by the 3897:Notable modern Greek artists include: 3740:Hellenic Polytheistic Reconstructionism 3426:Early Greek alphabet, c. 8th century BC 1594:, so called because it saw the partial 1470:, and his advance as far as modern-day 284: 264: 244: 22034: 17696:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch 17673:World Council of Hellenes Abroad (SAE) 17639:from the original on 27 September 2023 17606:from the original on 27 September 2023 17322:from the original on 27 September 2023 17242:from the original on 27 September 2023 17209:from the original on 27 September 2023 17186:from the original on 27 September 2023 17116:from the original on 27 September 2023 17049:from the original on 27 September 2023 16970:from the original on 27 September 2023 16916:from the original on 27 September 2023 16862:from the original on 27 September 2023 16826:from the original on 27 September 2023 16784:from the original on 27 September 2023 16728:from the original on 27 September 2023 16695:from the original on 27 September 2023 16559:from the original on 27 September 2021 16465: 16319:An Introduction to Contact Linguistics 16294: 16072:from the original on 27 September 2023 15894: 15746: 15711:from the original on 27 September 2023 15617: 15603:. London and New York: Penguin Books. 15515:Art and Experience in Classical Greece 15364:from the original on 27 September 2023 15227: 15215:from the original on 27 September 2023 15022:from the original on 27 September 2023 14989:from the original on 27 September 2023 14930:from the original on 27 September 2023 14907: 14886: 14750:from the original on 27 September 2023 14729: 14717:from the original on 27 September 2023 14641:from the original on 27 September 2023 14625:Ancient Perceptions of Greek Ethnicity 14606:from the original on 27 September 2023 14478:. Lanham and Oxford: Lexington Books. 14434:from the original on 27 September 2023 14401:from the original on 27 September 2023 14368:from the original on 27 September 2023 14270:from the original on 27 September 2023 14228: 14207: 14195:from the original on 27 September 2023 14162:from the original on 27 September 2023 14141: 14108:from the original on 27 September 2023 14087: 14029:from the original on 27 September 2023 13905: 13729: 13717:from the original on 27 September 2023 13649:from the original on 27 September 2023 13559:from the original on 27 September 2023 13417: 13372:from the original on 27 September 2023 13336:from the original on 27 September 2023 13254: 13242:from the original on 27 September 2023 13154: 13047: 12890: 12782: 12770:from the original on 27 September 2023 12104:Richards, Martin; et al. (2000). 12055:Richards, Martin; et al. (2002). 11784:"Genes mirror geography within Europe" 11569: 11561: 11446:"The Transition of Modern Greek Names" 10987:International Religious Freedom Report 10879: 10798:"New Linear B tablet found at Iklaina" 10750: 10664: 10572: 10354: 10311: 10262:estimates were around the 200,000 mark 10216: 10187:Papadakis, Peristianis & Welz 2006 9614:Michaelis Pselli Orationes Panegyricae 9437:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 9369:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 9346:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 9324: 9208: 9025: 8980: 8918:from the original on 27 September 2023 8828: 8812: 8729:from the original on 27 September 2023 8611: 8599: 8324: 8300: 8288: 8275: 8161: 8066: 8054: 7996: 7932: 7580: 7568: 7555: 7549: 7179:from the original on 11 September 2018 7061:from the original on 11 September 2018 6887:from the original on 11 September 2018 6732:Le Chili et les mouvements migratoires 6542:from the original on 11 September 2018 6193: 5251: 3103:SAE – World Council of Hellenes Abroad 2153:, frequently as provincial governors. 1945:(Έλληνας), such as in the writings of 1778:Scenes of marriage and family life in 1021:was also originally written in Greek. 752:Includes people with "cultural roots". 20272: 20045: 19424: 18736: 18226: 18169: 17848: 17792:Hellenic-American Chamber of Commerce 17782:Hellenic Canadian Lawyers Association 16809:Greek Religion: Archaic and Classical 16647:The Origins of Mycenaean Civilization 16397:Ancient Rome: An Introductory History 16226: 16126: 16084: 15920:Stansbury-O'Donnell, Mark D. (2015). 15870: 15849: 15828: 15575: 15090: 15067: 15055:from the original on 19 February 2023 15038:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture 14525: 14347: 14008: 13933:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 13926: 13806: 13661: 13571: 13538: 13464: 13205:The Oxford History of Medieval Europe 13198: 13110: 13087: 13068: 13054:. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press. 13026: 12897:(2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. 12723:. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers. 12717:Adrados, Francisco Rodriguez (2005). 12657:from the original on 25 February 2019 12642: 12609: 12508: 11641:from the original on 24 February 2019 11628: 11597: 11581: 11535: 11388: 11164: 11106:from the original on 21 February 2010 11082: 10867: 10708: 10677:from the original on 24 February 2019 10615:from the original on 25 February 2019 10578: 10487:. Ekathimerini.com. 8 February 2014. 10290:from the original on 14 December 2022 10198: 10194: 9908: 9896: 9566: 9395: 9384:Valuing others in Classical Antiquity 9312: 9292: 8939: 8678:Jakobsson, Sverrir (1 January 2016). 8623: 8578:from the original on 4 September 2019 8312: 8236: 8149: 8122: 8020:from the original on 17 November 2019 7984: 7795: 7777: 7765: 7741: 7729: 7629:from the original on 16 February 2023 7433:from the original on 13 November 2019 6282:Archive of European Integration (AEI) 6227: 6167:There is a range of interpretations: 5436:Major colonization of Asia Minor and 5288:Greek warriors, details from painted 4376:(known for their early work with the 3372:Federal Statistical Office of Germany 3370:. According to data published by the 2484:, 'customs of like fashion'). 2442:, 'speaking the same tongue') 1005:international scientific nomenclature 830: 17589:Sociolinguistic Variation and Change 16631: 16393: 16347: 16322:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. 16261:from the original on 3 February 2017 16030: 15835:. Reno: University of Nevada Press. 15600:The New Penguin History of the World 15582:. London and Westport, CT: Praeger. 15554: 15332: 15248: 15198:Early Christian Art and Architecture 14174: 14120: 13830: 13706: 13592: 13405:from the original on 15 January 2023 13033:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, LLC. 13012:. London and Westport, CT: Praeger. 12680:Melander, Ingrid (28 October 2011). 12201: 12011: 11962: 11838: 11782:Novembre, John; et al. (2008). 11695:from the original on 2 February 2023 11541: 11474: 11228:from the original on 7 December 2008 11067: 11030:from the original on 9 October 2022. 10993:from the original on 9 February 2020 10963:from the original on 11 January 2022 10949:de Quetteville, Harry (8 May 2004). 10917: 10899:from the original on 23 October 2018 10885: 10754: 10491:from the original on 13 January 2015 9883: 9665: 9278:from the original on 9 October 2022. 9226:from the original on 23 October 2019 9049:from the original on 21 October 2019 8816: 8653: 8510: 8336: 8208:"Alexander's Gulf outpost uncovered" 8205: 8180:from the original on 9 October 2022. 8100:from the original on 2 November 2012 7893: 7283:from the original on 21 October 2016 7118:"Population and Housing Census 2023" 6854:from the original on 21 October 2016 6776:from the original on 21 October 2016 6453:from the original on 21 January 2017 6339: 6241:"2011 Population and Housing Census" 5450:First major colonies established in 5334: 4549:is based on the coat of arms of the 3864:, whose influence reached as far as 3738:. About 2,000 Greeks are members of 3550:origin. Because of the movements of 2817:is presented as the son of Zeus and 2462:theôn hidrúmatá te koinà kaì thusíai 1077:as an "archetypal diaspora people". 750:Includes those of ancestral descent. 82:Regions with significant populations 17308:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 17133:. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press. 16881:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 16848:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 16711:The Twilight of the Early Helladics 16581:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 16280:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 15297:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 14736:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 14333:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 13912:. London and Portland: Frank Cass. 13358:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 13115:The Ancient Greeks: An Introduction 12912:Bellinello, Pier Francesco (1998). 12694:from the original on 2 January 2016 12591:from the original on 25 August 2012 12525: 11724: 11506:. Oxford University. Archived from 11452:. Oxford University. Archived from 11342:from the original on 6 January 2014 10409:from the original on 9 October 2022 10129:Pocket World in Figures (Economist) 10047:from the original on 9 January 2021 9588:Tonkin, Chapman & McDonald 1989 8840:from the original on 11 August 2016 8218:from the original on 2 January 2016 8194:Boardman, Griffin & Murray 1991 8087: 7586: 7483:from the original on 9 October 2022 7445: 7253:from the original on 9 October 2022 6694:from the original on 4 January 2015 6291:from the original on 9 October 2022 6247:. 12 September 2014. Archived from 5486:and Aegean perimeter culminates in 4561:The most widely used symbol is the 3679:. During the first centuries after 3324:, North Africa, India and the USA. 2998:was used by 12th-century historian 2338:, that was seen negatively by him. 2141:) into Ottoman service through the 2081:The Byzantine scholar and cardinal 1993:to southern Russia and the Russian 139:1,279,000–3,000,000 (2016 estimate) 13: 17500:Karakasidou, Anastasia N. (1997). 17258:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium 17228:. London: Hambledon & London. 17006:MacKendrick, Paul Lachlan (1981). 16987:Ethnic Identity in Greek Antiquity 16668:10.1111/j.2041-5370.1999.tb00480.x 16618:from the original on 26 March 2023 16513:from the original on 26 March 2023 16468:The Greeks : a global history 16437: 14499:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks. 14459:from the original on 12 March 2022 14048:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks. 13893:from the original on 26 March 2023 13873:Georgiev, Vladimir Ivanov (1981). 13616:from the original on 11 March 2023 13391:. London and New York: Routledge. 12836:from the original on 1 August 2020 12785:Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 12624:from the original on 11 March 2019 12375:European Journal of Human Genetics 10725:. 16 December 2007. Archived from 10043:. United States Government. 2007. 9462:Athena S. Leoussi, Steven Grosby, 8690:from the original on 11 April 2022 8263:from the original on 14 April 2020 7460:2016 microcensus – 12. Ethnic data 7382:from the original on 23 April 2016 7316:from the original on 8 August 2016 7213:from the original on 23 April 2016 7025:Ethnologue: Languages of the World 6482:from the original on 20 April 2019 6233: 5638:Conquest of Constantinople by the 5511:power and defeat of the Spartans; 3874:, which grew from the Hellenistic 2156:For those that remained under the 1899:heritage rendered it a derogatory 1685:Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit 1550:(yellow), the areas controlled by 14: 22068: 18195: 17661: 16741:Mylonas, George Emmanuel (1966). 16649:. Götenberg: Paul Aströms Förlag. 15995:. London: MacMillan and Company. 15907:from the original on 7 April 2016 15128:Maratou-Alipranti, Laura (2013). 14513:from the original on 15 July 2023 13996:from the original on 18 June 2021 13794:from the original on 15 July 2023 13780:. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 15–28. 13754:Backgrounds of Early Christianity 13298:Modern Greece: A Cultural Poetics 13184:. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 27–50. 13137:The Greeks and Greek Civilization 12737:from the original on 15 July 2023 12610:Smith, Helena (19 January 2015). 10930:from the original on 12 June 2018 10778:from the original on 21 June 2020 10646:from the original on 30 July 2013 10459:Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs 10229:. London: Routledge. p. 49. 10168:from the original on 22 June 2008 10103:from the original on 17 July 2019 9640:, II.2.530 for "Panhellenes" and 9132:Mavrocordatos, Nicholaos (1800). 9117:"History of Europe, The Romans". 9007:from the original on 16 June 2015 8446:10.33910/2687-0215-2019-1-1-18-68 8360:from the original on 27 June 2019 8173:. Princeton/Stanford University. 7843:from the original on 6 April 2019 7349:from the original on 13 June 2010 7094:from the original on 5 April 2013 6968:(in Spanish). INE. Archived from 6745:doi:10.4000/hommesmigrations.2720 6577:. 4 February 2011. Archived from 6512:from the original on 28 June 2022 6447:United States Department of State 5082:Anatolian Neolithic Farmers (ANF) 4211:Greek scholars in the Renaissance 2456:θεῶν ἱδρύματά τε κοινὰ καὶ θυσίαι 2062: 1492:, a position it retained even in 1228:, but by 800 BC the landscape of 22015: 22006: 22005: 17876: 17777:Hellenic Canadian Board of Trade 17746:Modern Greek Studies Association 17675:, Umbrella Diaspora Organization 16448:The Ethnic Minorities of Armenia 15989:Tarbell, Frank Bigelow (1907) . 15877:Myths and Memories of the Nation 14208:Harris, William Vernon (1991) . 13629:Dietrich, Bernard Clive (1974). 13140:. New York: St. Martin's Press. 13092:The Trojans and Their Neighbours 12915:Minoranze Etniche e Linguistiche 12673: 12636: 12603: 12540: 12514: 12502: 12479: 12443: 12420: 12360: 12291: 12248: 12202:Tian, Chao; et al. (2008). 12195: 12146: 12097: 12048: 12026:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00414.x 11963:Tian, Chao; et al. (2009). 11956: 11913:Bauchet, M; et al. (2007). 11906: 11832: 11725:Lao, Oscar; et al. 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Sophiae et Ambonis 8516: 8504: 8465: 8453: 8420: 7149:from the original on 19 May 2023 7031:from the original on 6 June 2019 6943:from the original on 28 May 2019 6917:from the original on 28 May 2019 6806:from the original on 13 May 2020 6603:from the original on 14 May 2016 6178: 6021: 6007: 5834:Massive emigration of Greeks to 5278: 5269: 5260: 5232:shows that Cretans overlap with 4655:is considered the birthplace of 2705: 1842:(today conventionally named the 1376:was established in this period. 1311: 1302: 1293: 788: 706: 686: 666: 646: 626: 606: 586: 566: 546: 526: 506: 486: 466: 446: 426: 406: 386: 366: 346: 326: 306: 286: 266: 246: 226: 206: 186: 166: 146: 126: 106: 89: 20223:Thessaloniki International Fair 17754:Journal of Modern Greek Studies 17563:Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (1981). 17392:. Princeton, NJ: Darwin Press. 16602:Languages in Prehistoric Europe 16578:The Oxford History of Byzantium 15730:The Oxford History of Byzantium 15511:Pollitt, Jerome Jordan (1972). 15481:Pletcher, Kenneth, ed. (2013). 15294:Archaic and Classical Greek Art 14148:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. 14145:Handbook of Classical Mythology 14127:. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. 13733:The Sociolinguistics of Society 13322:. Oxford: John Wiley and Sons. 13111:Budin, Stephanie Lynn (2009) . 11598:Blyth, Myrna (12 August 2004). 11504:Lexicon of Greek Personal Names 11450:Lexicon of Greek Personal Names 11364:. New York: Routledge. p. 511. 11290:"Older Flags: 19 December 2008" 10983:"Freedom of Religion in Greece" 10312:Gilson, George (24 June 2005). 9138:Γένος μεν ημίν των άγαν Ελλήνων 8871:Vasiliev, Alexander A. (1964). 8537:, 419, Line 30 ("ἐν Γραικοῖς"). 8408: 8396: 8384: 8372: 8330: 8318: 8306: 8294: 8230: 8199: 8155: 8143: 8128: 8116: 8081: 8060: 8044: 8032: 8002: 7990: 7974: 7958: 7942: 7926: 7899: 7887: 7867: 7855: 7839:. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 7810: 7783: 7771: 7759: 7747: 7735: 7723: 7718:Guibernau & Hutchinson 2004 7711: 7696: 7687: 7678: 7641: 7595:on Greece: Greek Orthodox 98%, 7574: 7543: 7419: 7397: 7364: 7331: 7298: 7265: 7228: 7195: 7161: 7131: 7076: 7043: 7013: 6987: 6955: 6929: 6903: 6869: 6836: 6818: 6792: 6758: 6706: 6676: 6618:, which is still spoken in the 6585: 6563: 6554: 6524: 6506:Australian Bureau of Statistics 6468: 6435: 6161: 5948:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 5139:and Balkan populations such as 5123:Genetic studies using multiple 5086:Caucasus Hunter-Gatherers (CHG) 5031:Roopkund § Human skeletons 3828:was influential in shaping the 3178:Greek colonization in antiquity 3006: 2837:(Γραικοί) were named Hellenes. 2769:, the only survivors after the 2488:By Western standards, the term 2392:with major contribution to the 2250: 1852: 1659: 875:. They also form a significant 259:110,000–200,000 (2013 estimate) 199:290,000–345,000 (2011 estimate) 20010:Municipalities and communities 17567:The Greeks and Their Heritages 16168:. Leuven: Peeters Publishers. 16037:. London and New York: Verso. 15941:Steinberger, Peter J. (2000). 15901:Encyclopedia of World Cultures 15643:The Last Byzantine Renaissance 14889:Holocaust and Genocide Studies 14451:. In Tziovas, Dimitris (ed.). 13776:. In Niehoff, Maren R. (ed.). 12492:Nature Ecology & Evolution 12439:(6): 373–388 – via NCBI. 11362:Encyclopedia of ancient Greece 10826:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 10461:. 15 July 2008. Archived from 10429:"Speech by Vasilis Magdalinos" 10283:. London School of Economics. 9555:Koliopoulos & Veremis 2002 8642:Fouracre & Gerberding 1996 7612:A History of Greek Mathematics 6405: 6375: 6345: 6333: 6307: 6267: 6245:Hellenic Statistical Authority 6221: 6209: 5622:; becoming the capital of the 4456:cloning technology); botanist 2423:, 'of the same blood') 2366:, was part of this process of 1747: 1644:. Further east, the Greeks of 1515: 1422:, left both greatly weakened. 1271:) became major figures of the 1: 20025:Decentralized administrations 18737: 18549:History of Greece (1923–1940) 16929:Finkelberg, Margalit (2006). 16745:Mycenae and the Mycenaean Age 16016:. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett. 15618:Robins, Robert Henry (1993). 15337:. Cambridge University Press. 15270:Norwich, John Julius (1998). 15180:. Oxford and New York: Berg. 14586:Koliopoulos, Giannes (1987). 14283:Hershlag, Zvi Yehuda (1980). 13772:Finkelberg, Margalit (2012). 13635:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 13632:The Origins of Greek Religion 13301:. Oxford and New York: Berg. 13295:Calotychos, Vangelis (2003). 13274:Cadogan, Gerald, ed. (1986). 13180:. In Thomas, Carol G. (ed.). 13176:Burstein, Stanley M. (1988). 12709: 12498:: 290–303 – via Nature. 12122:10.1016/S0002-9297(07)62954-1 11319:Grierson & Bellinger 1999 11205:Tatakes & Moutafakis 2003 10918:Head, James (20 March 2007). 10824:The Text of the New Testament 10822:Aland, K.; Aland, B. (1995). 10665:Hannon, Paul (27 June 2012). 10211:Yotopoulos-Marangopoulos 2001 9386:(LEiden: Brill, 2010), 43–70. 9327:, "Greek Identity", pp. 22–27 9069:"Cyril and Methodius, Saints" 8162:Morris, Ian (December 2005). 7343:Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst 5820:nations. Thousands settle in 5426:move into peninsular Greece. 5351: 4928:who sailed to Great Britain, 4364:(first chemical synthesis of 4287:to the Ottomans in 1453. The 3113:). Important centres include 3096:Greek diaspora (20th century) 2949: 2662: 1432:, whose conquests led to the 1161:its syllabic writing system ( 1154: 764:and 30,000 post WW2 migrants. 479:20,000–30,000 (2013 estimate) 63: 19598:Parliamentary constituencies 19425: 18377:Foundation of Constantinople 18214:Alphabetical index of topics 17818:Hellenic Heritage Foundation 16421:. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. 16337:Winstedt, Eric Otto (1909). 16246:10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.07.005 16212:. New York: Greekworks.com. 16160:van der Horst, Pieter Willem 16132:Journal of Genocide Research 16085:Tomić, Olga Mišeska (2006). 16052:Tartaron, Thomas F. (2013). 15962:Stouraitis, Ioannis (2014). 15783:Nature Ecology and Evolution 15664:Journal of Genocide Research 15273:A Short History of Byzantium 15159:. New York: Modern Library. 15155:The Balkans: A Short History 14229:Harris, Michael H. (1999) . 13161:. Ontario: Broadview Press. 13048:Broome, Benjamin J. (1996). 12935:Journal of Genocide Research 12876:. New York: Berghahn Books. 12872:. In Hirschon, Renée (ed.). 12868:Barutciski, Michael (2003). 12223:10.1371/journal.pgen.0040004 11396:A Concise History of Greece 10926:. p. The Faith Column. 10747:Schaller & Zimmerer 2008 10703:Voegelin & Moulakis 1997 10158:"Cyprus: Demographic trends" 10093:"Greece: Demographic trends" 9496:Kazhdan & Constable 1982 8206:Arun, Neil (7 August 2007). 8010:"Ancient Greek Civilization" 7452:Vukovich, Gabriella (2018). 6443:"U.S. Relations with Greece" 6203: 5984:Greek government-debt crisis 5179:principal component analysis 4991:. The most notable shipping 4761:Ancient Greek personal names 4492:); and political scientists 4289:University of Constantinople 3074:states, remnants of the Old 2908:), who were among the first 2904: 2889: 2848: 2480: 2461: 2438: 2419: 1979:Russo-Turkish War of 1828–29 1538:; the Μacedonian Kingdom of 1385:death of Alexander the Great 1278: 1142: 1091:List of Ancient Greek tribes 7: 20273: 20256:Water supply and sanitation 20046: 19813:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier 19446:Constitutional amendments ( 18716:Population exchange of 1923 18653:Greek countries and regions 18352:Wars of Alexander the Great 18227: 17957:Albanians of Western Thrace 17619:Zacharia, Katerina (2008). 17542:Mazower, Mark, ed. (2000). 17485:. London: Faber and Faber. 17302:Toynbee, Arnold J. (1973). 16681:. New York, NY: Routledge. 16547:Malatras, Christos (2011). 16499:. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. 15880:. Oxford University Press. 15463:The Family in Greek History 15460:Patterson, Cynthia (1998). 15437:10.1127/0003-5548/2014/0277 15377:Papadakis, Yiannis (1995). 15276:. Ringwood, Vic.: Penguin. 15002:Makrides, Vasilios (2009). 14472:Kardasis, Vassilis (2001). 14414:Kaldellis, Anthony (2007). 14348:Isaac, Benjamin H. (2004). 14142:Hansen, William F. (2004). 14121:Hall, Jonathan M. (2014) . 14073:. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. 13542:A Concise History of Greece 13203:. In Holmes, George (ed.). 13134:Burckhardt, Jacob (1999) . 12643:Lowen, Mark (29 May 2013). 12551:. Brill. pp. 268–270. 10552:McCabe & Harlaftis 2005 10391:Prevelakis, George (2003). 10067:"Census of Population 2001" 10041:Central Intelligence Agency 9712:The Parian Marble, Entry #6 9180:Bahadıroğlu, Yavuz (2007). 7027:. SIL International. 2016. 6000: 5863:against the city's Greeks. 5816:and their families flee to 5760:and the Muslim minority of 5705:; hundreds of thousands of 5321: 5102:Iron Gates Hunter-Gatherers 5090:Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) 5014: 4862:Sea: exploring and commerce 4751:Surnames and personal names 4641: 4482:Constantine Paparrigopoulos 4412:); physicist-mathematician 3635: 3407: 3237: 3081: 2861:are derived, via the Latin 2833:became king of Phthia, the 2661:that dominated Greece from 2528:, the descendants of their 2373: 1212:caused the collapse of the 881: 439:25,000–28,000 (2011 census) 10: 22073: 18677:Inventions and discoveries 18504:Modern Greek Enlightenment 17823:Hellenic Home for the Aged 17456:Herzfeld, Michael (1982). 17199:Ahrweiler, Hélène (1975). 17092:Chamoux, François (2002). 17062:Walbank, Frank W. (1985). 16983:Hall, Jonathan M. (2000). 16950:Hall, Jonathan M. (2002). 16708:Forsén, Jeannette (1992). 16675:Dickinson, Oliver (2006). 16645:Dickinson, Oliver (1977). 16551:. In K. A. Dimadis (ed.). 16526:Kenyon, Sherrilyn (2005). 15850:Smith, Anthony D. (2003). 15829:Smith, Anthony D. (1991). 15796:10.1038/s41559-022-01952-3 15691:Schofield, Louise (2006). 15425:Anthropologischer Anzeiger 15228:Morgan, Catherine (1990). 14908:Lucore, Sandra K. (2009). 13751:Ferguson, Everett (2003). 13506:10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.039 13385:Castleden, Rodney (2005). 13222:Browning, Robert (1983) . 12894:The Medieval Greek Romance 12797:10.1179/030701375790158257 12335:10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.018 11180:The Origin of Universities 11012:Tsokalidou, Roula (2002). 10895:. PewForum. 4 April 2014. 9802:Starostin, Sergei (1998). 9301:Özkırımlı & Sofos 2008 8626:, p. 290 (Note #39); 7466:(in Hungarian). Budapest. 7246:(in Czech). 9 March 2011. 7236:"Migranti z Řecka v Česku" 5925:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 5799:; approx. 75,000 migrate. 5537:. Migrations of Greeks to 5533:Conquest of Greece by the 5292:found in Italy, 350–325 BC 5024: 5018: 4954:Cosmas who sailed to India 4865: 4754: 4669: 4645: 4553:, the last dynasty of the 4526: 4522: 4356:(first total synthesis of 4192: 4188: 3806: 3783:Ancient Greek architecture 3772: 3687:was originally written in 3642:Religion in ancient Greece 3639: 3519:was originally written in 3411: 3381: 3377: 3361:Turkish Invasion of Cyprus 3167: 3163: 3085: 3047:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 3010: 2928: 2898: 2883: 2749: 2703:refers to the "Hellenes" ( 2614: 2580:, formed the basis of the 2474: 2455: 2432: 2413: 2394:Modern Greek Enlightenment 2314:Modern Greek Enlightenment 2311: 2275:Modern Greek Enlightenment 2066: 2045:Saints Cyril and Methodius 1985:fled or migrated from the 1818: 1751: 1740:). By that time, the name 1733: 1663: 1519: 1374:Oracle of Apollo at Delphi 1282: 1165:) and developed their own 1146: 1084: 1080: 1028: 1024: 908:has been spoken since the 25: 18: 22052:Ancient peoples of Europe 22001: 21943: 21872: 21606: 21246: 21203: 20993: 20637: 20580: 20459:Greek East and Latin West 20368: 20283: 20279: 20268: 20054: 20041: 20000: 19900: 19821: 19758: 19695: 19644: 19616: 19578: 19542: 19496: 19437: 19433: 19420: 19350: 19285: 19208: 18789: 18749: 18745: 18732: 18648:Geographical name changes 18592: 18469: 18385: 18295: 18239: 18235: 18222: 18204: 18072: 17929: 17893: 17732:, includes papers on the 17437:Frary, Lucien J. (2015). 17222:Harris, Jonathan (2007). 16896:Freeman, Charles (2014). 16806:Burkert, Walter (1987) . 16470:. New York: Basic Books. 16466:Beaton, Roderick (2021). 16144:10.1080/14623520701850278 15968:Byzantinische Zeitschrift 15728:. In Mango, Cyril (ed.). 15726:"11 Palaiologan Learning" 15676:10.1080/14623520801950820 15639:Runciman, Steven (1970). 14943:Mackridge, Peter (1990). 14695:Laliotou, Ioanna (2004). 14672:10.1007/s10266-012-0058-1 14623:. In Malkin, Irad (ed.). 14447:Kaplanis, Tassos (2014). 14250:Harrison, Thomas (2002). 14175:Harl, Kenneth W. (1996). 13730:Fasold, Ralph W. (1984). 13686:Dunstan, William (2011). 13225:Medieval and Modern Greek 13182:Paths from Ancient Greece 13009:Cyprus: A Troubled Island 13006:Borowiec, Andrew (2000). 12947:10.1080/14623520701850286 12891:Beaton, Roderick (1996). 12750:Angelov, Dimiter (2007). 12532:McEnroe, John C. (2010). 12465:10.1101/2022.02.26.482072 11981:10.2119/molmed.2009.00094 11752:10.1016/j.cub.2008.07.049 11671:27 September 2023 at the 10581:, "The Greeks in America" 10525:Horden & Purcell 2000 9819:Watkins, Calvert (2000). 9612:Psellos, Michael (1994). 9529:The Chronicle of the Fall 9073:The Columbia Encyclopedia 7999:, pp. 1–25, 148–190. 7405:"Greeks Around the Globe" 6750:27 September 2023 at the 5733:The Destruction of Smyrna 5404:Mycenaean involvement in 5205:) and Eastern Europeans ( 5100:, and ~0.9–2.3% from the 5027:Genetic history of Europe 4936:who sailed to India, the 4706:Greek War of Independence 4608:national emblem of Greece 4573:Greek War of Independence 4486:Helene Glykatzi Ahrweiler 4346:Bergmann-Zervas synthesis 3834:Western artistic heritage 3799:Modern Greek architecture 3566:voted to make the spoken 3540:Eastern Romance languages 3400:in the 20th century. The 3271:Greek War of Independence 2797:, a land occupied by the 2530:classical Greek forebears 2318:Greek War of Independence 2307: 2286:Greek War of Independence 2255:1517–1520), whose mother 1981:hundreds of thousands of 1911:were just called Greeks. 1496:. Many Greeks settled in 1069:family of languages, the 823: 748: 740: 735: 728: 723: 703: 683: 663: 643: 623: 603: 583: 563: 543: 523: 503: 483: 463: 443: 423: 403: 383: 363: 343: 323: 303: 283: 263: 243: 223: 203: 183: 163: 143: 123: 86: 81: 61: 56: 48: 46: 45: 20002:Administrative divisions 19725:Macedonia naming dispute 19565:Parliamentary Committees 19550:Conference of Presidents 17803:Charitable organizations 17586:Trudgill, Peter (2002). 17095:Hellenistic Civilization 16875:Cartledge, Paul (2002). 16764:Tandy, David W. (2001). 16493:Clackson, James (1995). 16316:Winford, Donald (2003). 16204:Vryonis, Speros (2005). 15558:Buddhism in Central Asia 15555:Puri, Baij Nath (1987). 15195:Milburn, Robert (1988). 15068:Mango, Cyril A. (1986). 14730:Latacz, Joachim (2004). 14088:Haldon, John F. (1997). 13707:Earl, Donald C. (1968). 13539:Clogg, Richard (2013) . 13471:. London: Granta Books. 13316:Cameron, Averil (2009). 13155:Burger, Michael (2008). 12581:"Statistics of Democide" 12433:Annals of Human Genetics 12014:Annals of Human Genetics 11338:. François Velde. 1997. 11125:Stansbury-O'Donnell 2015 10274:Georgiou, Myria (2004). 10003: 9644:II.2.653 for "Hellenes". 9433:25 February 2021 at the 9365:25 February 2021 at the 9342:25 February 2021 at the 8614:, pp. 295–296, 305. 8427:Nicholas, Nick. (2019). 8088:Fox, Robin Lane (2004). 7790:Mallory & Adams 1997 7552:, pp. 159, 165–166. 7540:, pp. 171–172, 222. 6963:"Immigration to Uruguay" 6688:and Greek version 3.800" 6154: 5795:begins evictions of the 5355: 3rd millennium BC 4995:of the 20th century was 4981:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca 4733:Alexandros Papanastasiou 4424:(known for solutions of 4230:, in the 3rd century BC. 4195:Ancient Greek philosophy 4169:, the naturalized Greek 4039:playwrights include the 4006:Alexandros Papadiamantis 3903:Dominikos Theotokopoulos 3032:1923 population exchange 2938:(ancient city), said by 2773:. The Greek philosopher 2610: 2593:, defined by possessing 2273:, leading figure of the 1935:John III Doukas Vatatzes 1611:Kingdoms of the Diadochi 1588:Hellenistic civilization 766:"Including descendants". 28:Grecian (disambiguation) 22042:Ethnic groups in Greece 21651:Eastern Orthodox Church 19729:Language naming dispute 18489:Venetian Ionian islands 18403:Persecution of paganism 16596:Renfrew, Colin (2003). 16415:Zuwiyya, David (2011). 16348:Wood, Michael (2001) . 16295:Withey, Lynne (1989) . 16274:Wickham, Chris (2005). 16091:. Dordrecht: Springer. 15724:Ševčenko, Ihor (2002). 15291:Osborne, Robin (1998). 15041:. New York: Routledge. 14975:. Aldershot: Variorum. 14845:10.1126/science.abm4247 14619:Konstan, David (2001). 14325:Howatson, M.C. (1989). 14256:. New York: Routledge. 14063:Guibernau, Montserrat; 13927:Grant, Michael (1990). 13906:Gilbar, Gad G. (1997). 13572:Clogg, Richard (2000). 13418:Casson, Lionel (1991). 13280:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. 13255:Burton, Watson (1993). 13073:. New York: Routledge. 13069:Brown, Neville (2004). 12521:Lagouvardos et al. 2012 11409:Wars and Peace Treaties 11085:, pp. ix–xiv, 183. 10772:Encyclopædia Britannica 10671:The Wall Street Journal 10162:Encyclopædia Britannica 10097:Encyclopædia Britannica 9973:10.1126/science.aan7200 9439:A Greek-English Lexicon 9371:A Greek-English Lexicon 9348:A Greek-English Lexicon 9252:Encyclopædia Britannica 9220:Encyclopædia Britannica 9119:Encyclopædia Britannica 9043:Encyclopædia Britannica 9001:Encyclopædia Britannica 8800:Encyclopædia Britannica 8572:Encyclopædia Britannica 8354:Encyclopædia Britannica 8257:Encyclopædia Britannica 8135:"Alexander the Great". 8090:"Riding with Alexander" 8014:Encyclopædia Britannica 7837:Encyclopædia Britannica 7833:"Linear A and Linear B" 7804:Encyclopædia Britannica 7125:Instituti i Statistikës 6146:List of Greek Americans 5850:, and other countries. 5812:: tens of thousands of 5492:Classical Age of Greece 4940:of Alexander the Great 4741:Third Hellenic Republic 4737:Konstantinos Karamanlis 4717:First Hellenic Republic 4414:Demetrios Christodoulou 4368:); computer scientists 4316:(unearthed the tomb of 4310:Constantin Carathéodory 3856:cultures, resulting in 3817:Renowned Greek soprano 3803:Modern Greek literature 3768: 3608:is the language of the 3457:Indo-European languages 3418:Greek language question 3351:, especially after the 2958:Alexander the Great in 2877:, from the name of the 2637:(Ἀχαιοί) is one of the 2224:(for example among the 1947:George Gemistos Plethon 1830:), a term which in the 920:, the Black Sea coast, 916:, the western coast of 239:138,000 (2011 estimate) 159:449,000 (2021 estimate) 21:Greeks (disambiguation) 21980:Orders and decorations 21717:Greek Old Calendarists 20188:Science and technology 20148:Greek economic miracle 20015:Administrative regions 18461:Fall of Constantinople 18456:Despotate of the Morea 18428:Macedonian Renaissance 17752:, which publishes the 17477:Holden, David (1972). 17281:Byzantine Civilisation 15992:A History of Greek Art 15923:A History of Greek Art 15895:Sutton, Susan (1996). 15597:Roberts, J.M. (2007). 15342:Panayotou, A. (2007). 15249:Nagy, Gregory (2014). 15151:Mazower, Mark (2000). 14381:Jeffries, Ian (2002). 14289:. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 13199:Brown, Thomas (2001). 13088:Bryce, Trevor (2006). 13027:Brice, Lee L. (2012). 12818:The Angle Orthodontist 11296:. Skafidas Zacharias. 9717:23 August 2017 at the 9397:Macan, Reginald Walter 9183:Resimli Osmanlı tarihi 8656:, pp. 66, 87, 256 8350:"Hellenistic religion" 7339:"Greeks in Uzbekistan" 6216:Maratou-Alipranti 2013 6136:List of ancient Greeks 5379:Mycenaean civilization 5088:(~20.1–22.7%) and the 5056: 5048: 5039:Admixture analysis of 4932:who sailed to Africa, 4880: 4676: 4558: 4538: 4416:(renowned for work on 4398:Christos Papadimitriou 4231: 4203:Ancient Greek medicine 4155:Lysandros Kaftanzoglou 4071: 3911:Konstantinos Volanakis 3821: 3668: 3469:Indo-Iranian languages 3447:Most Greeks speak the 3444: 3427: 3368:Greek financial crisis 3266: 3247: 3179: 3097: 3017:Demographics of Cyprus 3013:Demographics of Greece 2963: 2872: 2864: 2659:Mycenaean civilization 2630: 2542:Fall of Constantinople 2396: 2277: 2091:Fall of Constantinople 2086: 2047:from the port city of 2034:Fall of Constantinople 1933:, the Nicaean emperor 1809: 1798: 1782: 1583: 1559: 1436: 1214:Mycenaean civilization 1129:Arcadocypriot dialects 1109:ancient Greek dialects 1095:Ancient Greek religion 1058: 1040: 619:10,000 (2013 estimate) 599:11,000 (2015 estimate) 559:15,000 (2011 estimate) 399:35,000 (2011 estimate) 379:35,000 (2013 estimate) 319:91,000 (2011 estimate) 76: 22057:Indo-European peoples 21699:Greek Orthodox Church 20069:Athens Stock Exchange 19488:Supreme Special Court 18267:Cycladic civilization 17840:Hellenic Scholarships 17029:Malkin, Irad (1998). 16112:. London: Routledge. 16109:History and Ethnicity 15749:Dumbarton Oaks Papers 15576:Rezun, Miron (2001). 14592:. Oxford: Clarendon. 14528:Dumbarton Oaks Papers 14253:Greeks and Barbarians 14009:Green, Peter (2008). 13500:(10): 2565–2586.e21. 13465:Clark, Bruce (2006). 12459:: 2022.02.26.482072. 11660:Lazaridis et al. 2022 11360:Wilson, N.G. (2006). 11321:, "Eagles", pp. 85–86 10757:, pp. xiii, 178. 10611:. GreekReporter.com. 9991:Lazaridis et al. 2017 8137:Columbia Encyclopedia 7609:Thomas Heath (1981). 6826:"The Greek Community" 6737:1 August 2020 at the 6186:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 6015:Ancient Greece portal 5458:of the Greek nation. 5440:by the Greek tribes. 5377:and formation of the 5153:southern Balkan Slavs 5118:Pontic–Caspian steppe 5054: 5038: 5019:Further information: 4950:Cosmas Indicopleustes 4875: 4725:Eleftherios Venizelos 4604:crux immissa quadrata 4568:Eleftheria i Thanatos 4547:Greek Orthodox Church 4544: 4536: 4502:Cornelius Castoriadis 4362:Panayotis Katsoyannis 4326:Antikythera mechanism 4298:Georgios Papanicolaou 4222: 4068:Eleftherios Venizelos 4066: 3988:Constantine P. Cavafy 3832:and later the modern 3816: 3787:Ancient Greek theatre 3773:Further information: 3677:Greek Orthodox Church 3653: 3646:Greek Orthodox Church 3442: 3425: 3359:(1946–1949), and the 3303:Greek Orthodox Church 3269:During and after the 3256:Constantine P. Cavafy 3253: 3245: 3177: 3170:Colonies in antiquity 3095: 3063:Constantinople Pogrom 2957: 2628: 2532:and followers of the 2381: 2269: 2212:—were to be found in 2080: 2057:first Slavic alphabet 2053:theme of Thessalonica 2022:Byzantine grammarians 1951:Orthodox Christianity 1916:Byzantine scholarship 1804: 1788: 1777: 1683:'s famous statement: 1664:Further information: 1565: 1533: 1428: 1135:and the Doric at the 1085:Further information: 1061:The Greeks speak the 1046: 1038: 1029:Further information: 989:Greek Orthodox Church 924:in central Anatolia, 869:Eastern Mediterranean 659:8,846 (2011 estimate) 639:9,500 (2000 estimate) 219:271,405 (2016 census) 179:424,744 (2021 census) 117: 659,115–721,000 75: 21985:World Heritage Sites 20567:Units of measurement 19960:New Social Movements 19523:Presidential Mansion 19380:Environmental issues 19101:North Aegean islands 18663:Renaissance scholars 18559:4th of August Regime 18509:Septinsular Republic 18362:Wars of the Diadochi 18337:Peloponnesian League 17828:Hellenic Hope Center 17728:16 June 2009 at the 17100:Blackwell Publishing 16031:Tatz, Colin (2003). 16013:Byzantine Philosophy 15981:10.1515/bz-2014-0009 14901:10.1093/hgs/12.3.393 12388:10.1038/ejhg.2017.18 11714:Clemente et al. 2021 10732:on 27 February 2008. 10569:, pp. xvii–xxi. 10527:, pp. 111, 128. 9868:, pp. xii, 3–5. 9759:29 June 2011 at the 9730:Pseudo-Apollodorus. 9450:Herodotus, 8.144.2: 9417:– via Perseus. 9409:on 13 September 2023 8750:, pp. 176, 177. 8531:Theodore the Studite 7983:, pp. 142–143; 7648:Tulloch, A. (2017). 7279:. 10 December 2015. 7143:censusresults.nsi.bg 6078:Macedonians (Greeks) 5678:. Emigration to the 5552:Eastern Roman Empire 5312:University of Athens 5098:Proto-Indo-Europeans 4989:flags of convenience 4713:Ioannis Kapodistrias 4634:and the flag of the 4458:Theodoros Orphanides 4224:Aristarchus of Samos 4053:Gregorios Xenopoulos 3921:; sculptors such as 3791:Modern Greek theatre 3705:Greek Byzantine-rite 3691:, which remains the 3078:(pre-19th century). 2910:ancient Greek tribes 2570:romantic nationalism 2324:Age of Enlightenment 1883:Empire of the Greeks 1840:Eastern Roman Empire 1822:, "Romans", meaning 1648:became known to the 1275:of later antiquity. 1200:Around 1200 BC, the 1119:, which resulted in 1087:Proto-Greek language 964:at various periods. 519:23,485 (2023 census) 499:24,736 (2012 census) 339:85,640 (2010 census) 19:For other uses, see 21474:Musical instruments 21090:Greek Sign Language 20393:Concept of kingship 20242:Rio–Antirrio bridge 20208:Subdivisions by GDP 19872:Human rights abuses 19555:Hellenic Parliament 18514:War of Independence 18452:Despotate of Epirus 18418:Arab–Byzantine wars 18413:Plague of Justinian 18313:Iron Age migrations 18287:Bronze Age collapse 18272:Minoan civilization 17833:9 July 2013 at the 17771:Trade organizations 17739:Greeks on Greekness 17162:Ahrweiler, Hélène; 16394:Zoch, Paul (2000). 15333:Page, Gill (2008). 14791:10.1038/nature23310 14783:2017Natur.548..214L 14015:. London: Phoenix. 13974:10.1038/nature02029 13966:2003Natur.426..435G 13831:Fong, Mary (2004). 13710:The Age of Augustus 13446:The Mycenaean World 11808:10.1038/nature07331 11800:2008Natur.456...98N 11743:2008CBio...18.1241L 11294:Flags of the Greeks 11186:on 20 February 2009 10554:, pp. 147–149. 10515:, pp. 199–289. 10465:on 16 February 2012 10361:Hürriyet Daily News 9303:, pp. 116–117. 9107:, pp. 105–107. 8523:Paul the Silentiary 8381:, pp. 617–618. 8327:, pp. 244–245. 8291:, pp. 137–138. 8125:, pp. 281–286. 8069:, pp. 57–58: " 7884:, pp. 417–426. 7378:. 3 February 2011. 7312:. 6 December 2013. 7209:. 31 January 2011. 7175:. 28 January 2011. 7090:. 4 February 2011. 6883:. 28 January 2011. 6772:. 4 February 2011. 6538:. 4 February 2011. 6423:on 14 February 2020 6417:American FactFinder 5980:skilled individuals 5579:is re-populated by 5517:Alexander the Great 5252:Physical appearance 4926:Pytheas of Massalia 4903:and the islands of 4838:for male names and 4729:Georgios Papandreou 4721:Charilaos Trikoupis 4695:early modern period 4620:double-headed eagle 4446:Eugenios Antoniadis 4422:Achilles Papapetrou 4418:Minkowski spacetime 4384:(co-creator of the 4374:Nicholas Negroponte 4228:heliocentric system 4177:and urban planners 4167:Anastasios Orlandos 4151:Stamatios Kleanthis 4057:Iakovos Kambanellis 4045:Georgios Chortatzis 4030:Vassilis Vassilikos 3919:Constantine Andreou 3872:Byzantine Greek art 3846:Alexander the Great 3826:classical Greek art 3763:population exchange 3736:Jehovah's Witnesses 3699:denominations like 3693:liturgical language 3675:, belonging to the 3578:variety of dialects 3564:Hellenic Parliament 3493:Phoenician alphabet 3107:Sorbonne University 2988:their language and 2922:Proto-Indo-European 2621:Names of the Greeks 2597:and having a Greek 2512:self-identified as 2364:Asia Minor Campaign 2028:a major boost. The 2026:Italian Renaissance 1975:Empire of Trebizond 1960:Italian Renaissance 1905:Council of Florence 1445:Alexander the Great 1430:Alexander the Great 1159:Minoan civilization 1137:Bronze Age collapse 719:4,454 (2016 census) 42: 21771:Primordial deities 21675:Early 20th century 21139:Minority languages 20337:Aromanian question 20250:Thessaloniki Metro 20218:Telecommunications 19887:Political scandals 19802:Presidential Guard 19657:Capital punishment 19513:Government Gazette 19216:Canyons and gorges 18668:Hellenic languages 18357:Hellenistic period 18323:Greco-Persian Wars 18038:Slavic Macedonians 17164:Laiou, Angeliki E. 17085:Hellenistic Greeks 15903:. The Gale Group. 15344:"4 Arcado-Cypriot" 14838:(6609): eabm4247. 12549:The Ahhiyawa Texts 12511:, pp. 98–115. 11975:(11–12): 371–383. 11969:Molecular Medicine 11920:Am. J. Hum. Genet. 11853:10.1002/ajpa.10234 11610:on 7 December 2008 11588:, pp. 132–166 11584:, pp. 30–32; 11500:"Naming practices" 11336:Byzantine Heraldry 11270:on 15 October 2008 11152:on 10 October 2018 11102:. 4 October 2007. 11058:, pp. xii–xv. 10804:on 15 October 2013 10768:"Greek literature" 10745:, pp. 41–58; 10705:, pp. 175–179 10699:van der Horst 1998 10367:on 9 December 2012 10073:on 3 February 2017 10017:on 6 February 2009 9790:Catalogue of Women 9525:Sphrantzes, George 9399:(1908). "8. 144". 9295:, pp. xi–xv; 9271:(in Greek). 1822. 9134:Philotheou Parerga 8568:"Byzantine Empire" 7880:, pp. 71–72; 7593:CIA World Factbook 6729:Parvex R. (2014). 6639:"Grecia Salentina" 6393:on 15 January 2013 6048:Cappadocian Greeks 5908:Republic of Cyprus 5746:Treaty of Lausanne 5676:modern Greek state 5201:), Northern (CEU, 5157:Slavic Macedonians 5145:Slavic Macedonians 5057: 5049: 5005:Stavros G. Livanos 4964:on trade with the 4934:Scylax of Caryanda 4881: 4745:Andreas Papandreou 4648:Politics in Greece 4559: 4539: 4498:Structural Marxist 4430:Dimitri Nanopoulos 4426:general relativity 4406:Mihalis Yannakakis 4330:Spyridon Marinatos 4314:Manolis Andronikos 4304:, inventor of the 4232: 4179:Stamatis Voulgaris 4159:Anastasios Metaxas 4136:Giannis Dalianidis 4132:Michael Cacoyannis 4124:Vasilis Georgiadis 4116:Alekos Sakellarios 4072: 4049:Vincenzos Cornaros 4041:Cretan Renaissance 3980:Angelos Sikelianos 3928:composers such as 3923:Yannoulis Chalepas 3862:Greco-Buddhist art 3822: 3809:Greco-Buddhist art 3712:Greek Evangelicals 3669: 3655:Christ Pantocrator 3515:, and others. The 3453:independent branch 3445: 3428: 3267: 3248: 3212:Hellenistic period 3180: 3098: 3027:Republic of Cyprus 2964: 2853:The English names 2810:Catalogue of Women 2641:for the Greeks in 2631: 2554:modern Greek state 2397: 2355:Treaty of Lausanne 2347:Greek constitution 2278: 2242:Armenian Highlands 2087: 2083:Basilios Bessarion 1991:Armenian Highlands 1887:Imperium Graecorum 1810: 1799: 1783: 1677:heavily influenced 1646:Alexandria Eschate 1584: 1580:Indo-Greek Kingdom 1560: 1526:Hellenistic Greece 1522:Hellenistic period 1437: 1389:Greco-Persian Wars 1193:and the shores of 1059: 1057:", 16th century BC 1041: 942:Greek colonization 77: 38: 22029: 22028: 21997: 21996: 21993: 21992: 21679:Late 20th century 21659:Early Middle Ages 21143:Albanian language 20341:Megleno-Romanians 20264: 20263: 20037: 20036: 20033: 20032: 19715:Council of Europe 19697:Foreign relations 19677:Life imprisonment 19608:Political parties 19416: 19415: 19412: 19411: 19365:Natural disasters 19310:Mediterranean Sea 18803:Aetolia-Acarnania 18728: 18727: 18724: 18723: 18682:Language question 18544:Greco-Turkish War 18493:Kingdom of Candia 18347:League of Corinth 18342:Peloponnesian War 18163: 18162: 18013:Megleno-Romanians 17657: 17656: 17632:978-0-7546-6525-0 17599:978-0-7486-1515-5 17578:978-0-19-215256-5 17555:978-0-691-05842-9 17534:978-1-85973-138-3 17513:978-0-226-42494-1 17492:978-0-397-00779-0 17469:978-0-292-76018-9 17448:978-0-19-873377-5 17420:978-0-253-30368-4 17399:978-0-87850-096-3 17378:978-0-87661-540-9 17357:978-0-87661-534-8 17315:978-0-19-215253-4 17294:978-1-56619-574-4 17268:978-0-19-504652-6 17235:978-1-84725-179-4 17179:978-0-88402-247-3 17140:978-87-7288-555-1 17109:978-0-631-22241-5 17075:978-0-521-30752-9 17042:978-0-520-21185-8 17021:978-0-393-30111-3 16998:978-0-521-78999-8 16963:978-0-226-31329-0 16942:978-1-139-44836-9 16909:978-0-19-965192-4 16888:978-0-19-280388-7 16855:978-0-19-960134-9 16819:978-1-118-72499-6 16777:978-1-55164-188-1 16721:978-91-7081-031-2 16688:978-0-203-96836-9 16611:978-3-8253-1449-1 16588:978-0-19-814098-6 16539:978-1-58297-295-4 16506:978-0-631-19197-1 16477:978-1-5416-1829-9 16458:978-99930-69-21-8 16428:978-90-04-18345-2 16407:978-0-8061-3287-7 16386:978-90-411-1672-7 16363:978-0-520-23192-4 16329:978-0-631-21251-5 16308:978-0-520-06564-2 16287:978-0-19-926449-0 16219:978-0-9747660-3-4 16196:978-0-8262-1126-2 16175:978-90-429-0578-8 16119:978-0-415-00056-7 16098:978-1-4020-4487-8 16065:978-1-107-06713-4 16044:978-1-85984-550-9 16023:978-0-87220-563-5 15954:978-0-87220-512-3 15933:978-1-4443-5014-2 15887:978-0-19-829534-1 15872:Smith, Anthony D. 15863:978-0-19-210017-7 15842:978-0-87417-204-1 15832:National Identity 15739:978-0-19-814098-6 15704:978-0-89236-867-9 15631:978-3-11-013574-9 15610:978-0-14-103042-5 15589:978-0-275-97072-7 15568:978-81-208-0372-5 15547:978-0-521-08709-4 15526:978-0-521-09662-1 15494:978-1-62275-027-6 15473:978-0-674-00568-6 15415:978-0-253-21851-3 15392:978-1-85043-824-3 15325:978-0-231-70052-8 15304:978-0-19-284202-2 15283:978-0-14-025960-5 15241:978-0-521-37451-4 15208:978-0-520-07412-5 15187:978-1-85973-875-7 15166:978-0-8129-6621-3 15143:978-0-7735-8905-6 15083:978-0-8020-6627-5 15048:978-1-884964-98-5 15015:978-0-8147-9568-2 14982:978-0-86078-295-7 14958:978-0-85036-393-7 14923:978-90-04-17357-6 14777:(7666): 214–218. 14743:978-0-19-926308-0 14710:978-0-306-48321-9 14634:978-0-674-00662-1 14578:978-0-8147-4767-4 14506:978-0-88402-103-2 14485:978-0-7391-0245-9 14427:978-0-521-87688-9 14394:978-0-415-23671-3 14361:978-0-691-12598-5 14340:978-0-19-866121-4 14317:978-0-631-21890-6 14296:978-90-04-06061-6 14263:978-0-415-93958-4 14242:978-0-8108-7715-3 14221:978-0-674-03837-0 14188:978-0-8018-5291-6 14155:978-1-57607-226-4 14134:978-0-631-22667-3 14101:978-0-521-31917-1 14080:978-1-4051-2391-4 14055:978-0-88402-261-9 14022:978-0-7538-2413-9 13960:(6965): 435–439. 13940:978-0-297-82057-4 13919:978-0-7146-4706-7 13865:978-0-7190-4791-6 13846:978-0-7425-1739-4 13823:978-0-230-62125-1 13787:978-90-04-22134-5 13764:978-0-8028-2221-5 13743:978-0-631-13462-6 13699:978-0-7425-6834-1 13678:978-0-691-02951-1 13642:978-3-11-003982-5 13609:978-1-59884-302-6 13585:978-0-333-60047-4 13552:978-1-107-65644-4 13478:978-1-86207-752-2 13457:978-0-521-29037-1 13431:978-0-691-01477-7 13398:978-0-415-36336-5 13365:978-0-19-960134-9 13329:978-1-4051-9833-2 13308:978-1-85973-716-3 13266:978-0-231-08166-5 13235:978-0-521-23488-7 13214:978-0-19-280133-3 13191:978-90-04-08846-7 13168:978-1-55111-432-3 13147:978-0-312-24447-7 13126:978-0-19-537984-6 13080:978-0-415-30413-9 13061:978-1-931930-39-0 13040:978-1-61069-069-0 13019:978-0-275-96533-4 12998:978-0-521-24289-9 12977:978-0-19-285247-2 12925:978-88-7740-121-2 12904:978-0-415-12032-6 12883:978-1-57181-562-0 12860:978-1-902937-33-5 12763:978-0-521-85703-1 12730:978-90-04-12835-4 12269:10.1159/000472383 12159:Am. J. Hum. Genet 12110:Am. J. Hum. Genet 12061:Am. J. Hum. Genet 12020:(Pt 2): 205–214. 11737:(16): 1241–1248. 11510:on 16 August 2018 11332:"Byzantine Flags" 11070:, pp. 28–29. 10832:978-0-8028-4098-1 10749:, pp. 7–14; 10721:(Press release). 10701:, pp. 9–11; 10593:, pp. 85–92. 10236:978-0-203-96911-3 10138:978-1-86197-825-7 9899:, pp. 29–32. 9623:978-0-297-82057-4 9602:, pp. 18–19. 9315:, pp. 15–39. 9193:978-975-269-299-2 9039:"Aristotelianism" 8836:. 5 August 2021. 8777:, pp. 47–49. 8629:Annales Fuldenses 8462:, pp. 35–40. 8315:, pp. 43–46. 8253:"Hellenistic age" 8057:, pp. 57–58. 8041:, pp. 29–50. 7987:, pp. 66–67. 7939:, pp. 65–88. 7661:978-988-8390-64-9 7622:978-0-486-24073-2 7599:1.3%, other 0.7%. 7473:978-963-235-542-9 6975:on 16 August 2013 6754: 6645:on 19 August 2014 6449:. 10 March 2016. 6098:Northern Epirotes 6038:Antiochian Greeks 5997: 5996: 5990: 5989: 5793:Communist Romania 5720:Treaty of Neuilly 5654: 5653: 5496:Peloponnesian War 5373:Emergence of the 4997:Aristotle Onassis 4970:Panayotis Potagos 4962:Byzantine emperor 4877:Aristotle Onassis 4786:, indicating the 4739:, founder of the 4715:, founder of the 4702:French Revolution 4661:Greek city-states 4517:Andreas Zapatinas 4490:Byzantine studies 4474:Yiannis Psycharis 4470:Dimitrios Galanos 4420:) and physicists 4370:Michael Dertouzos 4352:discovery fame), 4308:); mathematician 4260:political science 4207:Byzantine science 4199:Greek mathematics 4175:Dimitris Pikionis 4144:Theo Angelopoulos 4026:Stratis Myrivilis 4018:Nikos Kazantzakis 3984:Andreas Embirikos 3976:Dionysios Solomos 3930:Mikis Theodorakis 3915:Périclès Pantazis 3626:Macedonian Slavic 3544:Balkan sprachbund 3509:Euclid's Elements 3440: 3384:Culture of Greece 3355:(1939–1945), the 3318:Vagliano Brothers 3230:. The modern-day 3023:Hellenic Republic 2972:Cypriot syllabary 2960:Byzantine Emperor 2896: 2677:(Πανέλληνες) and 2351:Kingdom of Greece 2332:Adamantios Korais 2271:Adamantios Korais 2051:, capital of the 2007:Greeks in Georgia 2003:Greeks in Armenia 1879:Holy Roman Empire 1670:Greco-Roman world 1546:(dark blue), the 1544:Ptolemaic Kingdom 1456:Achaemenid Empire 1405:Peloponnesian War 1273:Olympian Pantheon 1236:was discernible. 1105:2nd millennium BC 1055:Mask of Agamemnon 1031:History of Greece 890:Mediterranean Sea 832:[ˈelines] 776: 775: 22064: 22019: 22009: 22008: 21965:national colours 21882:Ancient Olympics 21779:Twelve Olympians 21707:Church of Greece 21667:Early Modern Era 21663:Late Middle Ages 21617:Ancient religion 21171:Megleno-Romanian 21068:Greco-Australian 20604:Heptanese school 20537:Independence Day 20281: 20280: 20270: 20269: 20043: 20042: 19964:Environmentalism 19626:Council of State 19435: 19434: 19422: 19421: 18747: 18746: 18734: 18733: 18618:Christianization 18478: 18448:Empire of Nicaea 18433:East–West Schism 18408:Migration period 18398:Byzantine period 18391: 18367:Roman–Greek wars 18328:Classical period 18301: 18300:(1100 BC-330 AD) 18282:Mycenaean period 18245: 18237: 18236: 18224: 18223: 18190: 18183: 18176: 18167: 18166: 18063: 18056: 18049: 18007: 17995: 17988: 17966: 17959: 17952: 17945: 17881: 17880: 17869: 17862: 17855: 17846: 17845: 17711:Church of Greece 17706:Church of Cyprus 17648: 17646: 17644: 17615: 17613: 17611: 17582: 17570: 17559: 17538: 17517: 17496: 17484: 17473: 17452: 17424: 17403: 17382: 17361: 17331: 17329: 17327: 17298: 17277:Runciman, Steven 17272: 17251: 17249: 17247: 17218: 17216: 17214: 17195: 17193: 17191: 17155:Byzantine Greeks 17144: 17125: 17123: 17121: 17079: 17058: 17056: 17054: 17025: 17013: 17002: 16990: 16979: 16977: 16975: 16946: 16925: 16923: 16921: 16892: 16871: 16869: 16867: 16835: 16833: 16831: 16799:Classical Greeks 16793: 16791: 16789: 16760: 16748: 16737: 16735: 16733: 16704: 16702: 16700: 16671: 16650: 16638:Mycenaean Greeks 16632: 16627: 16625: 16623: 16592: 16568: 16566: 16564: 16543: 16522: 16520: 16518: 16489: 16462: 16432: 16411: 16390: 16367: 16355: 16344: 16333: 16312: 16291: 16270: 16268: 16266: 16248: 16223: 16211: 16200: 16179: 16155: 16128:Üngör, Uğur Ümit 16123: 16102: 16081: 16079: 16077: 16048: 16027: 16006: 15985: 15983: 15958: 15937: 15916: 15914: 15912: 15891: 15867: 15846: 15825: 15815: 15772: 15743: 15720: 15718: 15716: 15687: 15658: 15646: 15635: 15614: 15593: 15572: 15551: 15530: 15518: 15507: 15498: 15477: 15456: 15419: 15396: 15373: 15371: 15369: 15338: 15329: 15308: 15287: 15266: 15264: 15262: 15245: 15224: 15222: 15220: 15191: 15170: 15158: 15147: 15124: 15087: 15075: 15064: 15062: 15060: 15031: 15029: 15027: 14998: 14996: 14994: 14962: 14939: 14937: 14935: 14904: 14883: 14865: 14847: 14820: 14810: 14759: 14757: 14755: 14726: 14724: 14722: 14697:"Greek Diaspora" 14691: 14650: 14648: 14646: 14615: 14613: 14611: 14582: 14570: 14559: 14522: 14520: 14518: 14489: 14468: 14466: 14464: 14443: 14441: 14439: 14410: 14408: 14406: 14377: 14375: 14373: 14344: 14332: 14321: 14300: 14279: 14277: 14275: 14246: 14225: 14211:Ancient Literacy 14204: 14202: 14200: 14171: 14169: 14167: 14138: 14117: 14115: 14113: 14084: 14065:Hutchinson, John 14059: 14038: 14036: 14034: 14005: 14003: 14001: 13944: 13923: 13902: 13900: 13898: 13869: 13850: 13827: 13803: 13801: 13799: 13768: 13747: 13726: 13724: 13722: 13703: 13682: 13658: 13656: 13654: 13625: 13623: 13621: 13589: 13568: 13566: 13564: 13535: 13525: 13482: 13461: 13449: 13435: 13414: 13412: 13410: 13381: 13379: 13377: 13345: 13343: 13341: 13312: 13291: 13270: 13251: 13249: 13247: 13218: 13195: 13172: 13151: 13130: 13118: 13107: 13095: 13084: 13065: 13044: 13023: 13002: 12981: 12969: 12958: 12929: 12908: 12887: 12864: 12845: 12843: 12841: 12808: 12779: 12777: 12775: 12746: 12744: 12742: 12704: 12703: 12701: 12699: 12677: 12671: 12670: 12664: 12662: 12640: 12634: 12633: 12631: 12629: 12607: 12601: 12600: 12598: 12596: 12573: 12567: 12566: 12544: 12538: 12537: 12529: 12523: 12518: 12512: 12506: 12500: 12499: 12483: 12477: 12476: 12447: 12441: 12440: 12424: 12418: 12417: 12407: 12364: 12358: 12357: 12347: 12337: 12327: 12325:Data S2, Table 8 12321: 12305: 12295: 12289: 12288: 12252: 12246: 12245: 12235: 12225: 12199: 12193: 12192: 12182: 12150: 12144: 12143: 12133: 12116:(5): 1251–1276. 12101: 12095: 12094: 12084: 12067:(5): 1168–1174. 12052: 12046: 12045: 12009: 12003: 12002: 11992: 11960: 11954: 11953: 11943: 11910: 11904: 11903: 11879: 11873: 11872: 11836: 11830: 11829: 11819: 11794:(7218): 98–101. 11779: 11773: 11772: 11754: 11722: 11716: 11711: 11705: 11704: 11702: 11700: 11681: 11675: 11667: 11657: 11651: 11650: 11648: 11646: 11626: 11620: 11619: 11617: 11615: 11606:. Archived from 11595: 11589: 11579: 11573: 11568:, pp. 1–3; 11555: 11549: 11539: 11533: 11526: 11520: 11519: 11517: 11515: 11496: 11490: 11487:Koliopoulos 1987 11484: 11478: 11472: 11466: 11465: 11463: 11461: 11442: 11427: 11421: 11412: 11405: 11399: 11392: 11386: 11379: 11373: 11358: 11352: 11351: 11349: 11347: 11328: 11322: 11316: 11310: 11309: 11307: 11305: 11286: 11280: 11279: 11277: 11275: 11256: 11250: 11244: 11238: 11237: 11235: 11233: 11214: 11208: 11202: 11196: 11195: 11193: 11191: 11171: 11162: 11161: 11159: 11157: 11146:Antiqua Medicina 11138: 11132: 11122: 11116: 11115: 11113: 11111: 11092: 11086: 11080: 11071: 11065: 11059: 11053: 11047: 11041: 11032: 11031: 11029: 11018: 11009: 11003: 11002: 11000: 10998: 10979: 10973: 10972: 10970: 10968: 10954: 10946: 10940: 10939: 10937: 10935: 10915: 10909: 10908: 10906: 10904: 10889: 10883: 10877: 10871: 10865: 10859: 10853: 10847: 10841: 10835: 10820: 10814: 10813: 10811: 10809: 10794: 10788: 10787: 10785: 10783: 10764: 10758: 10740: 10734: 10733: 10731: 10720: 10712: 10706: 10696: 10687: 10686: 10684: 10682: 10662: 10656: 10655: 10653: 10651: 10640:The Fiscal Times 10631: 10625: 10624: 10622: 10620: 10600: 10594: 10588: 10582: 10576: 10570: 10564: 10555: 10549: 10540: 10534: 10528: 10522: 10516: 10510: 10501: 10500: 10498: 10496: 10481: 10475: 10474: 10472: 10470: 10451: 10445: 10444: 10442: 10440: 10425: 10419: 10418: 10416: 10414: 10408: 10401: 10388: 10377: 10376: 10374: 10372: 10363:. Archived from 10352: 10346: 10345:, pp. 1–10. 10340: 10334: 10333: 10331: 10329: 10320:. Archived from 10309: 10303: 10302: 10297: 10295: 10289: 10282: 10271: 10265: 10264: 10258: 10256: 10220: 10214: 10208: 10202: 10189:, pp. 2–3; 10184: 10178: 10177: 10175: 10173: 10154: 10143: 10142: 10124: 10113: 10112: 10110: 10108: 10089: 10083: 10082: 10080: 10078: 10063: 10057: 10056: 10054: 10052: 10033: 10027: 10026: 10024: 10022: 10016: 10009: 9999: 9993: 9988: 9977: 9976: 9960: 9951: 9945: 9939: 9933: 9927: 9918: 9912: 9906: 9900: 9894: 9881: 9875: 9869: 9863: 9850: 9841: 9835: 9834: 9816: 9810: 9809: 9799: 9793: 9786: 9780: 9770: 9764: 9746: 9737: 9728: 9722: 9709: 9700: 9691: 9685: 9684:, 7.94 and 8.73. 9675: 9669: 9663: 9657: 9651: 9645: 9634: 9628: 9627: 9609: 9603: 9597: 9591: 9585: 9579: 9564: 9558: 9552: 9546: 9541:Feraios, Rigas. 9539: 9533: 9532: 9521: 9515: 9509: 9503: 9485: 9479: 9473: 9467: 9460: 9454: 9448: 9442: 9425: 9419: 9418: 9416: 9414: 9393: 9387: 9380: 9374: 9357: 9351: 9334: 9328: 9322: 9316: 9310: 9304: 9286: 9280: 9279: 9277: 9270: 9262: 9256: 9255: 9247: 9236: 9235: 9233: 9231: 9212: 9206: 9205: 9177: 9171: 9170: 9168: 9166: 9155:www.macka.gov.tr 9147: 9141: 9140: 9129: 9123: 9122: 9114: 9108: 9102: 9089: 9088: 9086: 9084: 9065: 9059: 9058: 9056: 9054: 9035: 9029: 9023: 9017: 9016: 9014: 9012: 8993: 8984: 8978: 8972: 8966: 8960: 8953:Caucasian Greeks 8949: 8943: 8937: 8931: 8930: 8925: 8923: 8895: 8889: 8888: 8868: 8862: 8856: 8850: 8849: 8847: 8845: 8826: 8820: 8810: 8804: 8803: 8795: 8778: 8772: 8763: 8757: 8751: 8745: 8739: 8738: 8736: 8734: 8706: 8700: 8699: 8697: 8695: 8675: 8669: 8663: 8657: 8651: 8645: 8639: 8633: 8621: 8615: 8609: 8603: 8597: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8583: 8564: 8558: 8544: 8538: 8520: 8514: 8508: 8502: 8496: 8490: 8484: 8475: 8469: 8463: 8457: 8451: 8450: 8448: 8424: 8418: 8412: 8406: 8400: 8394: 8388: 8382: 8376: 8370: 8369: 8367: 8365: 8346: 8340: 8334: 8328: 8322: 8316: 8310: 8304: 8298: 8292: 8286: 8273: 8272: 8270: 8268: 8249: 8240: 8234: 8228: 8227: 8225: 8223: 8203: 8197: 8191: 8182: 8181: 8179: 8168: 8159: 8153: 8147: 8141: 8140: 8132: 8126: 8120: 8114: 8113: 8107: 8105: 8085: 8079: 8064: 8058: 8051:Steinberger 2000 8048: 8042: 8036: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8025: 8006: 8000: 7994: 7988: 7978: 7972: 7962: 7956: 7946: 7940: 7930: 7924: 7918: 7909: 7903: 7897: 7891: 7885: 7871: 7865: 7859: 7853: 7852: 7850: 7848: 7829: 7820: 7814: 7808: 7807: 7799: 7793: 7787: 7781: 7775: 7769: 7763: 7757: 7751: 7745: 7739: 7733: 7727: 7721: 7715: 7709: 7708: 7700: 7694: 7691: 7685: 7682: 7676: 7675: 7670: 7668: 7645: 7639: 7638: 7636: 7634: 7606: 7600: 7590: 7584: 7583:, pp. 1–25. 7578: 7572: 7566: 7553: 7547: 7541: 7535: 7520: 7519: 7512: 7506: 7502: 7500: 7492: 7490: 7488: 7482: 7465: 7449: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7423: 7417: 7416: 7415:on 19 June 2006. 7411:. Archived from 7401: 7395: 7394: 7389: 7387: 7368: 7362: 7361: 7356: 7354: 7335: 7329: 7328: 7323: 7321: 7302: 7296: 7295: 7290: 7288: 7269: 7263: 7262: 7260: 7258: 7252: 7241: 7232: 7226: 7225: 7220: 7218: 7199: 7193: 7192: 7186: 7184: 7165: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7154: 7135: 7129: 7128: 7122: 7114: 7108: 7107: 7101: 7099: 7080: 7074: 7073: 7068: 7066: 7047: 7041: 7040: 7038: 7036: 7017: 7011: 7010: 7008: 7006: 7001:on 29 March 2014 6991: 6985: 6984: 6982: 6980: 6974: 6967: 6959: 6953: 6952: 6950: 6948: 6933: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6922: 6907: 6901: 6900: 6894: 6892: 6873: 6867: 6866: 6861: 6859: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6832:on 13 June 2007. 6828:. Archived from 6822: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6796: 6790: 6789: 6783: 6781: 6762: 6756: 6743: 6727: 6721: 6710: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6680: 6674: 6668: 6659: 6658: 6652: 6650: 6635: 6626: 6625: 6610: 6608: 6589: 6583: 6582: 6581:on 19 June 2006. 6567: 6561: 6558: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6498: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6460: 6458: 6439: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6409: 6403: 6402: 6400: 6398: 6389:. Archived from 6379: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6368: 6349: 6343: 6337: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6326: 6317:. Archived from 6311: 6305: 6304: 6298: 6296: 6290: 6279: 6271: 6265: 6264: 6258: 6256: 6237: 6231: 6225: 6219: 6213: 6197: 6182: 6176: 6165: 6053:Caucasian Greeks 6031: 6026: 6025: 6024: 6017: 6012: 6011: 6010: 5865:Exodus of Greeks 5674:Creation of the 5658: 5657: 5356: 5353: 5339: 5338: 5335: 5282: 5273: 5264: 5236:, Sicilians and 5009:Stavros Niarchos 4976:from the north. 4887:(the so called " 4743:, and socialist 4691:direct democracy 4679: 4672: 4671: 4653:Classical Athens 4636:Church of Greece 4610:features a blue 4555:Byzantine Empire 4545:The flag of the 4509:Nikolas Tombazis 4494:Nicos Poulantzas 4462:Xenophon Zolotas 4452:(contributor to 4440:for work on the 4338:Ioannis Svoronos 4332:(specialised in 4324:(recognised the 4140:Nikos Koundouros 4076:Marika Kotopouli 4010:Emmanuel Rhoides 3951:singers such as 3934:Spyridon Samaras 3836:. Following the 3795:Cinema of Greece 3671:Most Greeks are 3622:Megleno-Romanian 3528:Balkan languages 3477:Greek literature 3441: 3353:Second World War 3295:Saint Petersburg 3281:, Alexandria in 3196:Black sea coasts 3186:(the so-called " 3051:ethnic cleansing 2931: 2930: 2916:(the so-called " 2907: 2901: 2900: 2894: 2892: 2886: 2885: 2875: 2867: 2827:Parian Chronicle 2752: 2751: 2745:Parian Chronicle 2734: 2733: 2730: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2693:of the northern 2683:appear only once 2673:(Ἀργεῖοι) while 2664: 2639:collective names 2617:Achaeans (Homer) 2578:Byzantine Empire 2510:Byzantine Greeks 2483: 2477: 2476: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2441: 2435: 2434: 2422: 2416: 2415: 2358:was signed. The 2302:Eastern Orthodox 2254: 2252: 2202:crypto-Christian 2018:Byzantine Greeks 2011:Caucasian Greeks 1999:Greeks in Russia 1927:Empire of Nicaea 1925:in 1204. In the 1856: 1854: 1844:Byzantine Empire 1821: 1820: 1806:Gemistos Plethon 1795:Byzantine Empire 1762:Byzantine Greeks 1758:Byzantine Greece 1754:Byzantine empire 1736: 1735: 1381:classical period 1315: 1306: 1297: 1285:Classical Greece 1234:Classical Greece 1156: 1149:Mycenaean Greece 1121:Mycenaean Greece 1101:Balkan peninsula 1075:Anthony D. Smith 938:Byzantine Empire 904:seas, where the 884: 853:southern Albania 834: 825: 817: 816: 813: 812: 809: 806: 803: 800: 797: 794: 716: 712: 710: 709: 696: 692: 690: 689: 676: 672: 670: 669: 656: 652: 650: 649: 636: 632: 630: 629: 616: 612: 610: 609: 596: 592: 590: 589: 576: 572: 570: 569: 556: 552: 550: 549: 536: 532: 530: 529: 516: 512: 510: 509: 496: 492: 490: 489: 476: 472: 470: 469: 456: 452: 450: 449: 436: 432: 430: 429: 416: 412: 410: 409: 396: 392: 390: 389: 376: 372: 370: 369: 356: 352: 350: 349: 336: 332: 330: 329: 316: 312: 310: 309: 296: 292: 290: 289: 276: 272: 270: 269: 256: 252: 250: 249: 236: 232: 230: 229: 216: 212: 210: 209: 196: 192: 190: 189: 176: 172: 170: 169: 156: 152: 150: 149: 136: 132: 130: 129: 116: 112: 110: 109: 99: 95: 93: 92: 68: 65: 57:Total population 51: 50: 43: 37: 22072: 22071: 22067: 22066: 22065: 22063: 22062: 22061: 22032: 22031: 22030: 22025: 21989: 21939: 21917:Modern Olympics 21868: 21602: 21242: 21199: 21099:Mycenaean Greek 20989: 20633: 20576: 20552:Souliotic songs 20533:Public holidays 20364: 20360:Life expectancy 20321:Muslim minority 20302:names of Greece 20275: 20260: 20197:Merchant Marine 20168:Public pensions 20050: 20029: 19996: 19946:Hellenocentrism 19896: 19817: 19754: 19691: 19640: 19618:Judicial system 19612: 19588:Nationality law 19574: 19538: 19533:Maximos Mansion 19492: 19429: 19408: 19404:Protected areas 19346: 19281: 19204: 18839:Saronic Islands 18785: 18741: 18720: 18600:Ancient regions 18588: 18579:Democratization 18554:Second Republic 18539:National Schism 18476: 18471: 18465: 18389: 18381: 18308:Greek Dark Ages 18299: 18291: 18277:Helladic period 18243: 18231: 18218: 18200: 18194: 18164: 18159: 18068: 18059: 18052: 18045: 18003: 17991: 17984: 17962: 17955: 17948: 17941: 17925: 17889: 17875: 17873: 17835:Wayback Machine 17730:Wayback Machine 17664: 17659: 17658: 17642: 17640: 17633: 17618: 17609: 17607: 17600: 17585: 17579: 17562: 17556: 17541: 17535: 17520: 17514: 17499: 17493: 17476: 17470: 17455: 17449: 17436: 17421: 17406: 17400: 17385: 17379: 17364: 17358: 17343: 17325: 17323: 17316: 17301: 17295: 17275: 17269: 17254: 17245: 17243: 17236: 17221: 17212: 17210: 17198: 17189: 17187: 17180: 17161: 17148: 17141: 17128: 17119: 17117: 17110: 17091: 17076: 17061: 17052: 17050: 17043: 17028: 17022: 17005: 16999: 16982: 16973: 16971: 16964: 16949: 16943: 16928: 16919: 16917: 16910: 16895: 16889: 16874: 16865: 16863: 16856: 16840:Cartledge, Paul 16838: 16829: 16827: 16820: 16805: 16787: 16785: 16778: 16763: 16757: 16740: 16731: 16729: 16722: 16707: 16698: 16696: 16689: 16674: 16644: 16621: 16619: 16612: 16595: 16589: 16573:Mango, Cyril A. 16571: 16562: 16560: 16546: 16540: 16525: 16516: 16514: 16507: 16492: 16478: 16459: 16444: 16440: 16438:Further reading 16435: 16429: 16408: 16387: 16364: 16330: 16309: 16288: 16264: 16262: 16220: 16197: 16176: 16120: 16099: 16075: 16073: 16066: 16045: 16024: 16003: 15955: 15934: 15910: 15908: 15888: 15864: 15843: 15761:10.2307/1291324 15740: 15714: 15712: 15705: 15655: 15632: 15611: 15590: 15569: 15548: 15527: 15495: 15474: 15416: 15393: 15367: 15365: 15358: 15326: 15305: 15284: 15260: 15258: 15242: 15218: 15216: 15209: 15188: 15167: 15144: 15084: 15058: 15056: 15049: 15025: 15023: 15016: 14992: 14990: 14983: 14967:Magdalino, Paul 14959: 14933: 14931: 14924: 14753: 14751: 14744: 14720: 14718: 14711: 14644: 14642: 14635: 14609: 14607: 14600: 14579: 14540:10.2307/3591389 14516: 14514: 14507: 14486: 14462: 14460: 14437: 14435: 14428: 14404: 14402: 14395: 14371: 14369: 14362: 14341: 14318: 14297: 14273: 14271: 14264: 14243: 14222: 14198: 14196: 14189: 14165: 14163: 14156: 14135: 14111: 14109: 14102: 14081: 14067:, eds. (2004). 14056: 14032: 14030: 14023: 13999: 13997: 13941: 13920: 13896: 13894: 13887: 13866: 13847: 13824: 13797: 13795: 13788: 13765: 13744: 13720: 13718: 13700: 13679: 13652: 13650: 13643: 13619: 13617: 13610: 13586: 13562: 13560: 13553: 13479: 13458: 13432: 13408: 13406: 13399: 13375: 13373: 13366: 13350:Cartledge, Paul 13339: 13337: 13330: 13309: 13288: 13267: 13245: 13243: 13236: 13215: 13192: 13169: 13148: 13127: 13104: 13081: 13062: 13041: 13020: 12999: 12978: 12926: 12905: 12884: 12861: 12839: 12837: 12773: 12771: 12764: 12740: 12738: 12731: 12712: 12707: 12697: 12695: 12678: 12674: 12660: 12658: 12641: 12637: 12627: 12625: 12608: 12604: 12594: 12592: 12574: 12570: 12559: 12545: 12541: 12530: 12526: 12519: 12515: 12507: 12503: 12484: 12480: 12448: 12444: 12425: 12421: 12365: 12361: 12323: 12317: 12316:(25). p. 5480; 12303: 12296: 12292: 12257:Eur J Hum Genet 12253: 12249: 12200: 12196: 12151: 12147: 12102: 12098: 12053: 12049: 12010: 12006: 11961: 11957: 11911: 11907: 11900: 11880: 11876: 11837: 11833: 11780: 11776: 11731:Current Biology 11723: 11719: 11712: 11708: 11698: 11696: 11689:iias.huji.ac.il 11683: 11682: 11678: 11673:Wayback Machine 11663: 11658: 11654: 11644: 11642: 11627: 11623: 11613: 11611: 11604:National Review 11596: 11592: 11580: 11576: 11564:, p. 124; 11556: 11552: 11540: 11536: 11527: 11523: 11513: 11511: 11498: 11497: 11493: 11485: 11481: 11473: 11469: 11459: 11457: 11456:on 22 July 2018 11444: 11443: 11430: 11422: 11415: 11406: 11402: 11393: 11389: 11380: 11376: 11359: 11355: 11345: 11343: 11330: 11329: 11325: 11317: 11313: 11303: 11301: 11288: 11287: 11283: 11273: 11271: 11258: 11257: 11253: 11245: 11241: 11231: 11229: 11224:. 6 July 2006. 11216: 11215: 11211: 11203: 11199: 11189: 11187: 11172: 11165: 11155: 11153: 11140: 11139: 11135: 11123: 11119: 11109: 11107: 11094: 11093: 11089: 11081: 11074: 11066: 11062: 11054: 11050: 11046:, pp. 1–3. 11042: 11035: 11027: 11016: 11010: 11006: 10996: 10994: 10981: 10980: 10976: 10966: 10964: 10947: 10943: 10933: 10931: 10916: 10912: 10902: 10900: 10891: 10890: 10886: 10878: 10874: 10866: 10862: 10854: 10850: 10842: 10838: 10821: 10817: 10807: 10805: 10796: 10795: 10791: 10781: 10779: 10766: 10765: 10761: 10753:, p. 393; 10741: 10737: 10729: 10718: 10714: 10713: 10709: 10697: 10690: 10680: 10678: 10663: 10659: 10649: 10647: 10632: 10628: 10618: 10616: 10601: 10597: 10589: 10585: 10577: 10573: 10565: 10558: 10550: 10543: 10537:Calotychos 2003 10535: 10531: 10523: 10519: 10511: 10504: 10494: 10492: 10483: 10482: 10478: 10468: 10466: 10453: 10452: 10448: 10438: 10436: 10435:on 21 July 2011 10427: 10426: 10422: 10412: 10410: 10406: 10399: 10389: 10380: 10370: 10368: 10353: 10349: 10341: 10337: 10327: 10325: 10324:on 17 June 2008 10310: 10306: 10293: 10291: 10287: 10280: 10272: 10268: 10254: 10252: 10237: 10221: 10217: 10209: 10205: 10185: 10181: 10171: 10169: 10156: 10155: 10146: 10139: 10126: 10125: 10116: 10106: 10104: 10091: 10090: 10086: 10076: 10074: 10065: 10064: 10060: 10050: 10048: 10035: 10034: 10030: 10020: 10018: 10014: 10007: 10005: 10001: 10000: 9996: 9989: 9980: 9961: 9954: 9946: 9942: 9934: 9930: 9919: 9915: 9907: 9903: 9895: 9884: 9876: 9872: 9864: 9853: 9842: 9838: 9831: 9817: 9813: 9800: 9796: 9787: 9783: 9771: 9767: 9761:Wayback Machine 9747: 9740: 9729: 9725: 9719:Wayback Machine 9710: 9703: 9692: 9688: 9676: 9672: 9664: 9660: 9652: 9648: 9635: 9631: 9624: 9610: 9606: 9598: 9594: 9586: 9582: 9565: 9561: 9553: 9549: 9540: 9536: 9522: 9518: 9510: 9506: 9494:, p. 268; 9488:Finkelberg 2012 9486: 9482: 9474: 9470: 9461: 9457: 9449: 9445: 9435:Wayback Machine 9426: 9422: 9412: 9410: 9394: 9390: 9381: 9377: 9367:Wayback Machine 9358: 9354: 9344:Wayback Machine 9335: 9331: 9323: 9319: 9311: 9307: 9299:, p. 177; 9289:Barutciski 2003 9287: 9283: 9275: 9268: 9264: 9263: 9259: 9249: 9248: 9239: 9229: 9227: 9214: 9213: 9209: 9194: 9178: 9174: 9164: 9162: 9149: 9148: 9144: 9130: 9126: 9116: 9115: 9111: 9103: 9092: 9082: 9080: 9067: 9066: 9062: 9052: 9050: 9037: 9036: 9032: 9024: 9020: 9010: 9008: 8995: 8994: 8987: 8979: 8975: 8967: 8963: 8950: 8946: 8938: 8934: 8921: 8919: 8912: 8896: 8892: 8885: 8869: 8865: 8857: 8853: 8843: 8841: 8827: 8823: 8811: 8807: 8797: 8796: 8781: 8773: 8766: 8760:Finkelberg 2012 8758: 8754: 8748:Stouraitis 2014 8746: 8742: 8732: 8730: 8723: 8707: 8703: 8693: 8691: 8676: 8672: 8668:, pp. 86–7 8664: 8660: 8652: 8648: 8640: 8636: 8622: 8618: 8610: 8606: 8598: 8591: 8581: 8579: 8566: 8565: 8561: 8545: 8541: 8521: 8517: 8509: 8505: 8497: 8493: 8485: 8478: 8470: 8466: 8458: 8454: 8425: 8421: 8413: 8409: 8401: 8397: 8389: 8385: 8377: 8373: 8363: 8361: 8348: 8347: 8343: 8335: 8331: 8323: 8319: 8311: 8307: 8299: 8295: 8287: 8276: 8266: 8264: 8251: 8250: 8243: 8239:, Introduction. 8235: 8231: 8221: 8219: 8204: 8200: 8192: 8185: 8177: 8166: 8160: 8156: 8152:, p. xiii. 8148: 8144: 8134: 8133: 8129: 8121: 8117: 8103: 8101: 8086: 8082: 8065: 8061: 8049: 8045: 8037: 8033: 8023: 8021: 8008: 8007: 8003: 7995: 7991: 7979: 7975: 7965:Burckhardt 1999 7963: 7959: 7951:, p. 235; 7947: 7943: 7931: 7927: 7919: 7912: 7904: 7900: 7892: 7888: 7872: 7868: 7860: 7856: 7846: 7844: 7831: 7830: 7823: 7815: 7811: 7801: 7800: 7796: 7788: 7784: 7776: 7772: 7764: 7760: 7752: 7748: 7740: 7736: 7728: 7724: 7716: 7712: 7701: 7697: 7692: 7688: 7683: 7679: 7666: 7664: 7662: 7646: 7642: 7632: 7630: 7623: 7607: 7603: 7591: 7587: 7579: 7575: 7567: 7556: 7548: 7544: 7536: 7523: 7513: 7504: 7503: 7494: 7493: 7486: 7484: 7480: 7474: 7463: 7450: 7446: 7436: 7434: 7425: 7424: 7420: 7403: 7402: 7398: 7385: 7383: 7370: 7369: 7365: 7352: 7350: 7337: 7336: 7332: 7319: 7317: 7304: 7303: 7299: 7286: 7284: 7271: 7270: 7266: 7256: 7254: 7250: 7239: 7234: 7233: 7229: 7216: 7214: 7201: 7200: 7196: 7182: 7180: 7167: 7166: 7162: 7152: 7150: 7137: 7136: 7132: 7120: 7116: 7115: 7111: 7097: 7095: 7082: 7081: 7077: 7064: 7062: 7057:. 9 July 2013. 7049: 7048: 7044: 7034: 7032: 7019: 7018: 7014: 7004: 7002: 6993: 6992: 6988: 6978: 6976: 6972: 6965: 6961: 6960: 6956: 6946: 6944: 6935: 6934: 6930: 6920: 6918: 6909: 6908: 6904: 6890: 6888: 6875: 6874: 6870: 6857: 6855: 6850:. 9 July 2013. 6842: 6841: 6837: 6824: 6823: 6819: 6809: 6807: 6798: 6797: 6793: 6779: 6777: 6764: 6763: 6759: 6752:Wayback Machine 6739:Wayback Machine 6728: 6724: 6711: 6707: 6697: 6695: 6682: 6681: 6677: 6671:Bellinello 1998 6669: 6662: 6648: 6646: 6637: 6636: 6629: 6606: 6604: 6599:. 9 July 2013. 6591: 6590: 6586: 6569: 6568: 6564: 6559: 6555: 6545: 6543: 6530: 6529: 6525: 6515: 6513: 6500: 6499: 6495: 6485: 6483: 6474: 6473: 6469: 6456: 6454: 6441: 6440: 6436: 6426: 6424: 6411: 6410: 6406: 6396: 6394: 6381: 6380: 6376: 6366: 6364: 6363:on 4 March 2016 6351: 6350: 6346: 6338: 6334: 6324: 6322: 6321:on 12 June 2018 6313: 6312: 6308: 6294: 6292: 6288: 6277: 6273: 6272: 6268: 6254: 6252: 6251:on 16 July 2016 6239: 6238: 6234: 6226: 6222: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6201: 6200: 6183: 6179: 6166: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6027: 6022: 6020: 6013: 6008: 6006: 6003: 5998: 5912:sovereign state 5879:Greek community 5861:Istanbul pogrom 5810:Greek Civil War 5797:Greek community 5780:Axis occupation 5633: 5521:Ptolemaic Egypt 5513:Rise of Macedon 5488:Athenian Empire 5420:Greek Dark Ages 5414:11th century BC 5400:14th century BC 5387:15th century BC 5369:16th century BC 5354: 5324: 5296: 5295: 5294: 5293: 5285: 5284: 5283: 5275: 5274: 5266: 5265: 5254: 5170: 5077: 5033: 5023: 5017: 4999:, others being 4985:Napoleonic Wars 4983:and during the 4870: 4864: 4780:nominative case 4763: 4753: 4650: 4644: 4589:Turkish Cypriot 4577:Greek Orthodoxy 4531: 4525: 4434:John Iliopoulos 4342:Leonidas Zervas 4217: 4191: 4183:George Candilis 4104:Thanasis Veggos 4080:Melina Mercouri 4034:Petros Markaris 3999:Odysseas Elytis 3995:Giorgos Seferis 3992:Nobel laureates 3957:Giorgos Dalaras 3882:in the West to 3811: 3805: 3779:Music of Greece 3771: 3753:, while in the 3742:congregations. 3708:Roman Catholics 3648: 3640:Main articles: 3638: 3485:Greek Dark Ages 3465:Graeco-Armenian 3443:A Greek speaker 3430: 3420: 3412:Main articles: 3410: 3386: 3380: 3357:Greek Civil War 3240: 3232:Griko community 3192:south of France 3190:"), Spain, the 3172: 3166: 3090: 3084: 3019: 3011:Main articles: 3009: 2968:Greek Dark Ages 2952: 2851: 2755:Greek mythology 2708: 2704: 2681:(Ἕλληνες) both 2623: 2615:Main articles: 2613: 2520:("Greeks") and 2481:ḗthea homótropa 2385:Hermes o Logios 2376: 2320: 2310: 2249: 2222:Greek Macedonia 2178:Orthodox Church 2127:Northern Greece 2123:Greek Macedonia 2097:, particularly 2075: 2067:Main articles: 2065: 1931:Pope Gregory IX 1859:Catholic Church 1851: 1772: 1750: 1672: 1662: 1592:Hellenistic age 1548:Seleucid Empire 1528: 1520:Main articles: 1518: 1434:Hellenistic Age 1336: 1335: 1334: 1333: 1318: 1317: 1316: 1308: 1307: 1299: 1298: 1287: 1281: 1226:Greek Dark Ages 1222:Dorian invasion 1210:Dorian invasion 1167:syllabic script 1151: 1145: 1133:Late Bronze Age 1125:Dorian invasion 1097: 1083: 1033: 1027: 1019:Christian Bible 914:Greek peninsula 791: 787: 767: 765: 760:Approx. 60,000 759: 753: 751: 749: 707: 705: 687: 685: 667: 665: 647: 645: 627: 625: 607: 605: 587: 585: 567: 565: 547: 545: 527: 525: 507: 505: 487: 485: 467: 465: 447: 445: 427: 425: 407: 405: 387: 385: 367: 365: 347: 345: 327: 325: 307: 305: 287: 285: 267: 265: 247: 245: 227: 225: 207: 205: 187: 185: 167: 165: 147: 145: 127: 125: 118: 107: 105: 103: 101: 100: 9,903,268 90: 88: 66: 52: 40: 36: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 22070: 22060: 22059: 22054: 22049: 22044: 22027: 22026: 22024: 22023: 22013: 22002: 21999: 21998: 21995: 21994: 21991: 21990: 21988: 21987: 21982: 21977: 21972: 21967: 21958: 21953: 21947: 21945: 21941: 21940: 21938: 21937: 21932: 21914: 21909: 21904: 21899: 21894: 21889: 21884: 21878: 21876: 21870: 21869: 21867: 21866: 21864:Wayside shrine 21861: 21856: 21851: 21846: 21841: 21836: 21831: 21826: 21764: 21759: 21754: 21749: 21747:Kallikantzaros 21744: 21734: 21729: 21724: 21719: 21714: 21696: 21691: 21686: 21648: 21643: 21638: 21633: 21628: 21625:Modern Revival 21613: 21611: 21604: 21603: 21601: 21600: 21590: 21585: 21490:Byzantine lyra 21471: 21461: 21456: 21451: 21409: 21404: 21369:Rougatsiarikos 21258: 21252: 21250: 21244: 21243: 21241: 21240: 21235: 21230: 21225: 21220: 21215: 21209: 21207: 21201: 21200: 21198: 21197: 21195:Words for love 21192: 21187: 21178: 21136: 21118: 21111:Medieval Greek 21092: 21087: 21040:Greek language 21037: 21003:Greek alphabet 20999: 20997: 20991: 20990: 20988: 20987: 20913: 20894: 20889: 20870: 20852: 20837: 20832: 20822: 20807:Galaktoboureko 20792: 20750: 20711: 20709:List of dishes 20706: 20667: 20643: 20641: 20635: 20634: 20632: 20631: 20626: 20616: 20606: 20597: 20586: 20584: 20578: 20577: 20575: 20574: 20569: 20564: 20559: 20554: 20549: 20547:Rouketopolemos 20544: 20530: 20525: 20523:Plate smashing 20520: 20511: 20506: 20504:Naming customs 20501: 20496: 20491: 20476: 20471: 20466: 20461: 20456: 20451: 20446: 20441: 20395: 20390: 20385: 20380: 20374: 20372: 20366: 20365: 20363: 20362: 20357: 20352: 20314: 20309: 20295: 20289: 20287: 20277: 20276: 20266: 20265: 20262: 20261: 20259: 20258: 20253: 20238:Transportation 20235: 20230: 20225: 20220: 20215: 20210: 20205: 20200: 20190: 20185: 20180: 20170: 20165: 20160: 20155: 20150: 20145: 20140: 20135: 20121: 20116: 20106: 20103:electric power 20096: 20091: 20086: 20076: 20066: 20061: 20055: 20052: 20051: 20039: 20038: 20035: 20034: 20031: 20030: 20028: 20027: 20022: 20020:Regional units 20017: 20012: 20006: 20004: 19998: 19997: 19995: 19994: 19989: 19975: 19957: 19939: 19925: 19915: 19904: 19902: 19898: 19897: 19895: 19894: 19889: 19884: 19879: 19874: 19869: 19864: 19846: 19836: 19831: 19825: 19823: 19819: 19818: 19816: 19815: 19810: 19808:National Guard 19805: 19795: 19790: 19788:Military ranks 19785: 19780: 19775: 19770: 19764: 19762: 19756: 19755: 19753: 19752: 19750:United Nations 19747: 19742: 19737: 19732: 19722: 19720:European Union 19717: 19712: 19710:Cyprus dispute 19707: 19705:Aegean dispute 19701: 19699: 19693: 19692: 19690: 19689: 19684: 19679: 19674: 19664: 19659: 19654: 19648: 19646: 19642: 19641: 19639: 19638: 19633: 19631:Court of Audit 19628: 19622: 19620: 19614: 19613: 19611: 19610: 19605: 19603:Pasokification 19600: 19595: 19590: 19584: 19582: 19576: 19575: 19573: 19572: 19567: 19562: 19552: 19546: 19544: 19540: 19539: 19537: 19536: 19529:Prime Minister 19526: 19516: 19506: 19500: 19498: 19494: 19493: 19491: 19490: 19485: 19459: 19443: 19441: 19431: 19430: 19418: 19417: 19414: 19413: 19410: 19409: 19407: 19406: 19401: 19399:National Parks 19396: 19387: 19382: 19377: 19372: 19362: 19356: 19354: 19348: 19347: 19345: 19344: 19339: 19334: 19312: 19307: 19302: 19297: 19291: 19289: 19283: 19282: 19280: 19279: 19274: 19269: 19264: 19246: 19228: 19223: 19218: 19212: 19210: 19206: 19205: 19203: 19202: 19184: 19158: 19124: 19098: 19036: 19005:Ionian Islands 19002: 18980: 18914: 18864: 18842: 18799:Central Greece 18795: 18793: 18787: 18786: 18784: 18783: 18778: 18776:Extreme points 18773: 18759: 18753: 18751: 18743: 18742: 18730: 18729: 18726: 18725: 18722: 18721: 18719: 18718: 18713: 18708: 18703: 18689: 18684: 18679: 18674: 18665: 18660: 18655: 18650: 18645: 18640: 18630: 18625: 18620: 18615: 18613:Ottoman Greeks 18606: 18596: 18594: 18590: 18589: 18587: 18586: 18584:Third Republic 18581: 18576: 18574:Military junta 18571: 18566: 18561: 18556: 18551: 18546: 18541: 18536: 18531: 18526: 18521: 18519:First Republic 18516: 18511: 18506: 18501: 18499:Ottoman Greece 18496: 18481: 18479: 18467: 18466: 18464: 18463: 18458: 18445: 18440: 18438:Fourth Crusade 18435: 18430: 18425: 18420: 18415: 18410: 18405: 18400: 18394: 18392: 18383: 18382: 18380: 18379: 18374: 18369: 18364: 18359: 18354: 18349: 18344: 18339: 18330: 18325: 18320: 18318:Archaic period 18315: 18310: 18304: 18302: 18293: 18292: 18290: 18289: 18284: 18279: 18274: 18269: 18264: 18259: 18254: 18248: 18246: 18233: 18232: 18220: 18219: 18217: 18216: 18211: 18205: 18202: 18201: 18193: 18192: 18185: 18178: 18170: 18161: 18160: 18158: 18157: 18152: 18147: 18142: 18137: 18132: 18127: 18122: 18117: 18112: 18107: 18102: 18097: 18092: 18087: 18082: 18076: 18074: 18070: 18069: 18067: 18066: 18065: 18064: 18061:Western Thrace 18057: 18050: 18040: 18035: 18030: 18028:Romaniote Jews 18025: 18020: 18015: 18010: 18009: 18008: 17998: 17997: 17996: 17989: 17979: 17974: 17969: 17968: 17967: 17960: 17953: 17950:Cham Albanians 17946: 17933: 17931: 17927: 17926: 17924: 17923: 17918: 17913: 17908: 17903: 17897: 17895: 17891: 17890: 17872: 17871: 17864: 17857: 17849: 17843: 17842: 17837: 17825: 17820: 17815: 17800: 17799: 17794: 17789: 17784: 17779: 17768: 17767: 17762: 17757: 17742: 17736: 17734:Greek Diaspora 17714: 17713: 17708: 17703: 17698: 17693: 17688: 17677: 17676: 17663: 17662:External links 17660: 17655: 17654: 17650: 17649: 17631: 17616: 17598: 17583: 17577: 17560: 17554: 17539: 17533: 17518: 17512: 17497: 17491: 17474: 17468: 17453: 17447: 17433: 17432: 17426: 17425: 17419: 17404: 17398: 17383: 17377: 17362: 17356: 17340: 17339: 17337:Ottoman Greeks 17333: 17332: 17314: 17299: 17293: 17273: 17267: 17252: 17234: 17219: 17196: 17178: 17158: 17157: 17150: 17146: 17145: 17139: 17126: 17108: 17088: 17087: 17081: 17080: 17074: 17059: 17041: 17026: 17020: 17003: 16997: 16980: 16962: 16947: 16941: 16926: 16908: 16893: 16887: 16872: 16854: 16836: 16818: 16802: 16801: 16795: 16794: 16776: 16761: 16755: 16738: 16720: 16705: 16687: 16672: 16651: 16641: 16640: 16630: 16629: 16628: 16610: 16593: 16587: 16569: 16544: 16538: 16523: 16505: 16490: 16476: 16463: 16457: 16441: 16439: 16436: 16434: 16433: 16427: 16412: 16406: 16391: 16385: 16368: 16362: 16345: 16334: 16328: 16313: 16307: 16292: 16286: 16271: 16224: 16218: 16201: 16195: 16180: 16174: 16156: 16124: 16118: 16103: 16097: 16082: 16064: 16049: 16043: 16028: 16022: 16007: 16001: 15986: 15974:(1): 175–220. 15959: 15953: 15938: 15932: 15917: 15892: 15886: 15868: 15862: 15847: 15841: 15826: 15790:(2): 290–303. 15773: 15744: 15738: 15721: 15703: 15694:The Mycenaeans 15688: 15659: 15653: 15636: 15630: 15615: 15609: 15594: 15588: 15573: 15567: 15552: 15546: 15531: 15525: 15508: 15499: 15493: 15478: 15472: 15457: 15431:(3): 237–257. 15420: 15414: 15397: 15391: 15374: 15356: 15339: 15330: 15324: 15309: 15303: 15288: 15282: 15267: 15257:on 20 May 2016 15246: 15240: 15225: 15207: 15192: 15186: 15171: 15165: 15148: 15142: 15125: 15105:10.2307/750662 15088: 15082: 15065: 15047: 15032: 15014: 14999: 14981: 14963: 14957: 14940: 14922: 14905: 14895:(3): 393–433. 14884: 14821: 14760: 14742: 14727: 14709: 14692: 14651: 14633: 14616: 14598: 14583: 14577: 14560: 14523: 14505: 14490: 14484: 14469: 14444: 14426: 14411: 14393: 14378: 14360: 14345: 14339: 14322: 14316: 14301: 14295: 14280: 14262: 14247: 14241: 14226: 14220: 14205: 14187: 14172: 14154: 14139: 14133: 14118: 14100: 14085: 14079: 14060: 14054: 14039: 14021: 14006: 13945: 13939: 13924: 13918: 13903: 13885: 13870: 13864: 13851: 13845: 13828: 13822: 13808:Foltz, Richard 13804: 13786: 13769: 13763: 13748: 13742: 13727: 13704: 13698: 13683: 13677: 13659: 13641: 13626: 13608: 13596:, ed. (2011). 13590: 13584: 13569: 13551: 13536: 13483: 13477: 13462: 13456: 13440:Chadwick, John 13436: 13430: 13415: 13397: 13388:The Mycenaeans 13382: 13364: 13346: 13328: 13319:The Byzantines 13313: 13307: 13292: 13286: 13271: 13265: 13252: 13234: 13219: 13213: 13196: 13190: 13173: 13167: 13152: 13146: 13131: 13125: 13108: 13103:978-0415349550 13102: 13085: 13079: 13066: 13060: 13045: 13039: 13024: 13018: 13003: 12997: 12982: 12976: 12959: 12930: 12924: 12909: 12903: 12888: 12882: 12865: 12859: 12846: 12824:(3): 195–204. 12809: 12780: 12762: 12747: 12729: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12705: 12672: 12635: 12602: 12568: 12558:978-1589832688 12557: 12539: 12524: 12513: 12501: 12478: 12442: 12419: 12382:(5): 637–645. 12359: 12290: 12247: 12194: 12171:10.1086/512822 12165:(4): 759–768. 12145: 12096: 12073:10.1086/342930 12047: 12004: 11955: 11932:10.1086/513477 11926:(5): 948–956. 11905: 11899:978-0691029054 11898: 11874: 11847:(3): 259–268. 11831: 11774: 11717: 11706: 11676: 11652: 11621: 11590: 11574: 11550: 11534: 11521: 11491: 11489:, p. xii. 11479: 11467: 11428: 11426:, p. 237. 11413: 11400: 11387: 11374: 11353: 11323: 11311: 11281: 11251: 11247:Papadakis 1995 11239: 11209: 11207:, p. 189. 11197: 11174:Bump, Jerome. 11163: 11133: 11117: 11087: 11072: 11060: 11048: 11033: 11004: 10974: 10941: 10910: 10884: 10882:, p. 160. 10872: 10870:, p. 703. 10860: 10856:Mackridge 1990 10848: 10836: 10815: 10789: 10759: 10743:Bjørnlund 2008 10735: 10707: 10688: 10657: 10626: 10609:Greek Reporter 10595: 10583: 10571: 10556: 10541: 10529: 10517: 10502: 10476: 10446: 10420: 10378: 10347: 10335: 10304: 10266: 10235: 10215: 10203: 10179: 10144: 10137: 10114: 10084: 10058: 10037:"CIA Factbook" 10028: 9994: 9978: 9952: 9940: 9928: 9920:Anna Comnena. 9913: 9901: 9882: 9870: 9851: 9836: 9829: 9811: 9794: 9781: 9765: 9738: 9723: 9701: 9686: 9670: 9658: 9654:Cartledge 2011 9646: 9629: 9622: 9604: 9600:Patterson 1998 9592: 9580: 9559: 9557:, p. 277. 9547: 9534: 9516: 9514:, p. 284. 9504: 9498:, p. 12; 9490:, p. 20; 9480: 9478:, p. xii. 9468: 9455: 9443: 9420: 9388: 9375: 9352: 9329: 9317: 9305: 9291:, p. 28; 9281: 9257: 9237: 9207: 9192: 9172: 9157:(in Turkish). 9142: 9124: 9109: 9090: 9060: 9030: 9018: 8985: 8973: 8971:, p. xxi. 8961: 8944: 8932: 8910: 8890: 8883: 8863: 8851: 8821: 8819:, p. 127. 8815:, p. 65, 8805: 8779: 8764: 8752: 8740: 8721: 8701: 8670: 8658: 8646: 8634: 8616: 8604: 8589: 8559: 8555:Magdalino 1991 8549:, p. 96; 8539: 8515: 8513:, p. 148. 8503: 8491: 8476: 8464: 8460:Kaldellis 2007 8452: 8419: 8417:, p. 206. 8407: 8405:, p. 158. 8395: 8393:, p. 500. 8383: 8371: 8341: 8339:, p. 136. 8329: 8317: 8305: 8293: 8274: 8241: 8229: 8198: 8183: 8154: 8142: 8127: 8115: 8080: 8059: 8053:, p. 17; 8043: 8031: 8001: 7989: 7973: 7957: 7955:, p. 156. 7949:Castleden 2005 7941: 7937:Podzuweit 1982 7925: 7921:Castleden 2005 7910: 7908:, p. 176. 7898: 7886: 7882:Panayotou 2007 7878:Schofield 2006 7876:, p. 28; 7866: 7864:, p. 228. 7862:Castleden 2005 7854: 7821: 7809: 7802:"The Greeks". 7794: 7782: 7770: 7758: 7746: 7734: 7722: 7710: 7695: 7686: 7677: 7660: 7640: 7621: 7601: 7585: 7573: 7554: 7542: 7521: 7472: 7444: 7418: 7396: 7363: 7330: 7297: 7264: 7227: 7194: 7160: 7130: 7109: 7075: 7042: 7012: 6986: 6954: 6928: 6911:"CBS Statline" 6902: 6868: 6835: 6817: 6791: 6757: 6722: 6718:978-0415456531 6705: 6686:a few thousand 6675: 6660: 6627: 6584: 6562: 6553: 6523: 6493: 6467: 6434: 6404: 6374: 6344: 6332: 6306: 6266: 6232: 6220: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6199: 6198: 6177: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6150: 6149: 6148: 6143: 6141:List of Greeks 6138: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6093:Cretan Muslims 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6063:Greek Diaspora 6060: 6058:Greek Cypriots 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6034: 6033: 6032: 6018: 6002: 5999: 5995: 5994: 5988: 5987: 5976: 5970: 5969: 5966: 5960: 5959: 5945: 5939: 5938: 5935: 5929: 5928: 5922: 5916: 5915: 5905: 5899: 5898: 5891:Arab socialist 5875: 5869: 5868: 5858: 5852: 5851: 5832: 5826: 5825: 5807: 5801: 5800: 5790: 5784: 5783: 5778:caused by the 5772: 5766: 5765: 5762:Western Thrace 5750:Constantinople 5743: 5737: 5736: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5717: 5711: 5710: 5707:Ottoman Greeks 5703:Greek genocide 5700: 5694: 5693: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5672: 5666: 5665: 5662: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5644:Greek diaspora 5640:Ottoman Empire 5636: 5632:15th century – 5628: 5627: 5620:Fourth Crusade 5616: 5610: 5609: 5605: 5599: 5598: 5595: 5589: 5588: 5585:Cypriot Greeks 5566: 5560: 5559: 5556:Constantinople 5549: 5547:4th century AD 5543: 5542: 5531: 5529:2nd century BC 5525: 5524: 5515:; Campaign of 5505: 5503:4th century BC 5499: 5498: 5476: 5474:5th century BC 5470: 5469: 5466: 5464:6th century BC 5460: 5459: 5448: 5446:8th century BC 5442: 5441: 5434: 5432:9th century BC 5428: 5427: 5416: 5410: 5409: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5389: 5383: 5382: 5371: 5365: 5364: 5358: 5347: 5346: 5343: 5333: 5323: 5320: 5287: 5286: 5277: 5276: 5268: 5267: 5259: 5258: 5257: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5238:Ashkenazi Jews 5234:Peloponneseans 5189:with Western ( 5183:Cavalli-Sforza 5168: 5075: 5061:archaeogenetic 5016: 5013: 5001:Yiannis Latsis 4885:Southern Italy 4868:Greek shipping 4866:Main article: 4863: 4860: 4828:Ionian Islands 4804:Mani Peninsula 4752: 4749: 4643: 4640: 4628:Eastern Europe 4593:flag of Cyprus 4591:minority (see 4581:Greek Cypriots 4563:flag of Greece 4529:Flag of Greece 4524: 4521: 4513:Alec Issigonis 4480:); historians 4468:); Indologist 4444:); astronomer 4390:Joseph Sifakis 4378:World Wide Web 4354:K. C. Nicolaou 4322:Valerios Stais 4264:Constantinople 4244:historiography 4190: 4187: 4163:Panagis Kalkos 4108:Manos Katrakis 4096:Alexis Minotis 4092:Katina Paxinou 4061: 4060: 4037: 4022:Penelope Delta 4004:the novelists 4002: 3974:poets such as 3972: 3965:Vicky Leandros 3961:Nana Mouskouri 3949: 3938:Iannis Xenakis 3926: 3907:Nikolaos Gyzis 3770: 3767: 3728:Sephardic Jews 3637: 3634: 3489:Greek alphabet 3449:Greek language 3414:Greek language 3409: 3406: 3394:Ottoman Greeks 3382:Main article: 3379: 3376: 3258:, a native of 3239: 3236: 3184:Southern Italy 3165: 3162: 3088:Greek diaspora 3086:Main article: 3083: 3080: 3076:Greek Diaspora 3039:British Empire 3008: 3005: 2985:Constantinople 2951: 2948: 2914:southern Italy 2850: 2847: 2836: 2781:as an area in 2777:names ancient 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2636: 2612: 2609: 2566:Greek diaspora 2562:Ottoman Empire 2494:Greek language 2486: 2485: 2466: 2443: 2424: 2375: 2372: 2360:Greek genocide 2343:Greek Orthodox 2309: 2306: 2257:Gülbahar Hatun 2246:Selim the Grim 2198:Russian Empire 2158:Ottoman Empire 2131:Constantinople 2119:Western Thrace 2115:Ottoman Empire 2103:Central Europe 2089:Following the 2069:Ottoman Greeks 2064: 2063:Ottoman Empire 2061: 1995:South Caucasus 1971:Russian Empire 1967:Greek Orthodox 1923:Fourth Crusade 1869:, king of the 1832:Greek language 1780:Constantinople 1766:Fourth Crusade 1749: 1746: 1661: 1658: 1650:Chinese people 1638:Greco-Buddhism 1634:Greco-Bactrian 1517: 1514: 1320: 1319: 1310: 1309: 1301: 1300: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1288: 1283:Main article: 1280: 1277: 1147:Main article: 1144: 1141: 1082: 1079: 1063:Greek language 1026: 1023: 997:Greek language 985:Greek diaspora 969:Greek genocide 962:Constantinople 934:Constantinople 932:, Cyprus, and 906:Greek language 774: 773: 746: 745: 743:Greek Orthodox 738: 737: 733: 732: 726: 725: 721: 720: 717: 701: 700: 697: 681: 680: 677: 661: 660: 657: 641: 640: 637: 621: 620: 617: 601: 600: 597: 581: 580: 577: 574:Czech Republic 561: 560: 557: 541: 540: 537: 521: 520: 517: 501: 500: 497: 481: 480: 477: 461: 460: 457: 441: 440: 437: 421: 420: 417: 401: 400: 397: 381: 380: 377: 361: 360: 357: 341: 340: 337: 321: 320: 317: 301: 300: 297: 281: 280: 277: 261: 260: 257: 241: 240: 237: 221: 220: 217: 201: 200: 197: 194:United Kingdom 181: 180: 177: 161: 160: 157: 141: 140: 137: 121: 120: 84: 83: 79: 78: 59: 58: 54: 53: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 22069: 22058: 22055: 22053: 22050: 22048: 22045: 22043: 22040: 22039: 22037: 22022: 22018: 22014: 22012: 22004: 22003: 22000: 21986: 21983: 21981: 21978: 21976: 21973: 21971: 21968: 21966: 21962: 21959: 21957: 21954: 21952: 21949: 21948: 21946: 21942: 21936: 21933: 21930: 21926: 21922: 21918: 21915: 21913: 21910: 21908: 21905: 21903: 21900: 21898: 21895: 21893: 21890: 21888: 21885: 21883: 21880: 21879: 21877: 21875: 21871: 21865: 21862: 21860: 21857: 21855: 21852: 21850: 21847: 21845: 21842: 21840: 21837: 21835: 21834:Protestantism 21832: 21830: 21827: 21824: 21820: 21816: 21812: 21808: 21804: 21800: 21796: 21792: 21788: 21784: 21780: 21776: 21772: 21768: 21765: 21763: 21760: 21758: 21755: 21753: 21750: 21748: 21745: 21742: 21738: 21735: 21733: 21730: 21728: 21725: 21723: 21720: 21718: 21715: 21712: 21708: 21704: 21700: 21697: 21695: 21692: 21690: 21687: 21684: 21680: 21676: 21672: 21668: 21664: 21660: 21656: 21652: 21649: 21647: 21644: 21642: 21639: 21637: 21634: 21632: 21629: 21626: 21622: 21618: 21615: 21614: 21612: 21609: 21605: 21598: 21594: 21591: 21589: 21586: 21583: 21579: 21575: 21571: 21567: 21563: 21559: 21555: 21551: 21547: 21543: 21539: 21535: 21531: 21527: 21523: 21519: 21515: 21511: 21507: 21503: 21499: 21495: 21491: 21487: 21483: 21479: 21475: 21472: 21469: 21465: 21462: 21460: 21459:Ionian School 21457: 21455: 21452: 21449: 21445: 21441: 21437: 21436:Peloponnesian 21433: 21429: 21425: 21421: 21417: 21413: 21410: 21408: 21405: 21402: 21398: 21394: 21390: 21386: 21382: 21378: 21374: 21370: 21366: 21362: 21358: 21354: 21350: 21346: 21342: 21338: 21334: 21330: 21326: 21322: 21318: 21314: 21310: 21306: 21302: 21298: 21294: 21290: 21286: 21282: 21278: 21274: 21270: 21266: 21262: 21259: 21257: 21254: 21253: 21251: 21249: 21245: 21239: 21236: 21234: 21233:Media freedom 21231: 21229: 21226: 21224: 21221: 21219: 21216: 21214: 21211: 21210: 21208: 21206: 21202: 21196: 21193: 21191: 21188: 21186: 21182: 21179: 21176: 21172: 21168: 21164: 21160: 21156: 21155:Balkan Romani 21152: 21148: 21144: 21140: 21137: 21134: 21130: 21126: 21122: 21119: 21116: 21112: 21108: 21104: 21103:Ancient Greek 21100: 21096: 21093: 21091: 21088: 21085: 21081: 21077: 21073: 21069: 21065: 21061: 21057: 21053: 21049: 21045: 21041: 21038: 21036: 21032: 21028: 21024: 21023:Cyrillization 21020: 21016: 21012: 21008: 21004: 21001: 21000: 20998: 20996: 20992: 20985: 20981: 20977: 20973: 20969: 20965: 20961: 20957: 20953: 20949: 20945: 20941: 20937: 20933: 20929: 20925: 20921: 20917: 20914: 20911: 20907: 20903: 20899: 20895: 20893: 20890: 20887: 20883: 20879: 20875: 20871: 20868: 20864: 20860: 20856: 20853: 20850: 20846: 20842: 20838: 20836: 20833: 20830: 20826: 20823: 20820: 20816: 20812: 20808: 20804: 20800: 20796: 20793: 20790: 20786: 20782: 20778: 20774: 20770: 20766: 20762: 20758: 20754: 20751: 20748: 20747:Frappé coffee 20744: 20740: 20736: 20732: 20728: 20724: 20720: 20716: 20712: 20710: 20707: 20704: 20700: 20696: 20692: 20688: 20684: 20680: 20676: 20672: 20668: 20665: 20661: 20657: 20653: 20649: 20645: 20644: 20642: 20640: 20636: 20630: 20629:Religious art 20627: 20624: 20620: 20617: 20614: 20610: 20607: 20605: 20601: 20598: 20595: 20591: 20588: 20587: 20585: 20583: 20579: 20573: 20570: 20568: 20565: 20563: 20560: 20558: 20555: 20553: 20550: 20548: 20545: 20542: 20538: 20534: 20531: 20529: 20526: 20524: 20521: 20519: 20518:Hellenophobia 20515: 20514:Philhellenism 20512: 20510: 20507: 20505: 20502: 20500: 20497: 20495: 20492: 20489: 20485: 20481: 20477: 20475: 20472: 20470: 20469:Hellenization 20467: 20465: 20462: 20460: 20457: 20455: 20452: 20450: 20447: 20445: 20444:Eastern Party 20442: 20439: 20435: 20431: 20427: 20423: 20422:Mariner's cap 20419: 20415: 20411: 20407: 20403: 20399: 20396: 20394: 20391: 20389: 20386: 20384: 20381: 20379: 20376: 20375: 20373: 20371: 20367: 20361: 20358: 20356: 20353: 20350: 20346: 20342: 20338: 20334: 20330: 20326: 20322: 20318: 20315: 20313: 20310: 20307: 20303: 20299: 20296: 20294: 20291: 20290: 20288: 20286: 20282: 20278: 20271: 20267: 20257: 20254: 20251: 20247: 20243: 20239: 20236: 20234: 20231: 20229: 20226: 20224: 20221: 20219: 20216: 20214: 20211: 20209: 20206: 20204: 20201: 20198: 20194: 20191: 20189: 20186: 20184: 20181: 20178: 20174: 20171: 20169: 20166: 20164: 20161: 20159: 20156: 20154: 20151: 20149: 20146: 20144: 20141: 20139: 20136: 20133: 20129: 20125: 20122: 20120: 20117: 20114: 20110: 20107: 20104: 20100: 20097: 20095: 20092: 20090: 20087: 20084: 20080: 20077: 20074: 20070: 20067: 20065: 20062: 20060: 20057: 20056: 20053: 20049: 20044: 20040: 20026: 20023: 20021: 20018: 20016: 20013: 20011: 20008: 20007: 20005: 20003: 19999: 19993: 19990: 19987: 19983: 19979: 19976: 19973: 19969: 19965: 19961: 19958: 19955: 19951: 19947: 19943: 19940: 19937: 19933: 19932:Republicanism 19929: 19926: 19923: 19919: 19916: 19913: 19909: 19906: 19905: 19903: 19899: 19893: 19890: 19888: 19885: 19883: 19880: 19878: 19875: 19873: 19870: 19868: 19865: 19862: 19858: 19854: 19850: 19847: 19844: 19840: 19837: 19835: 19832: 19830: 19827: 19826: 19824: 19822:Social issues 19820: 19814: 19811: 19809: 19806: 19803: 19799: 19796: 19794: 19791: 19789: 19786: 19784: 19781: 19779: 19776: 19774: 19771: 19769: 19766: 19765: 19763: 19761: 19757: 19751: 19748: 19746: 19743: 19741: 19738: 19736: 19733: 19730: 19726: 19723: 19721: 19718: 19716: 19713: 19711: 19708: 19706: 19703: 19702: 19700: 19698: 19694: 19688: 19685: 19683: 19680: 19678: 19675: 19672: 19668: 19665: 19663: 19660: 19658: 19655: 19653: 19650: 19649: 19647: 19643: 19637: 19636:Supreme Court 19634: 19632: 19629: 19627: 19624: 19623: 19621: 19619: 19615: 19609: 19606: 19604: 19601: 19599: 19596: 19594: 19591: 19589: 19586: 19585: 19583: 19581: 19577: 19571: 19568: 19566: 19563: 19560: 19556: 19553: 19551: 19548: 19547: 19545: 19541: 19534: 19530: 19527: 19524: 19520: 19517: 19514: 19510: 19507: 19505: 19502: 19501: 19499: 19495: 19489: 19486: 19483: 19479: 19475: 19471: 19467: 19463: 19462:Constitutions 19460: 19457: 19453: 19449: 19445: 19444: 19442: 19440: 19436: 19432: 19428: 19423: 19419: 19405: 19402: 19400: 19397: 19395: 19391: 19388: 19386: 19383: 19381: 19378: 19376: 19373: 19370: 19366: 19363: 19361: 19358: 19357: 19355: 19353: 19349: 19343: 19340: 19338: 19335: 19332: 19328: 19324: 19320: 19316: 19313: 19311: 19308: 19306: 19303: 19301: 19298: 19296: 19293: 19292: 19290: 19288: 19284: 19278: 19275: 19273: 19270: 19268: 19265: 19262: 19258: 19254: 19250: 19247: 19244: 19240: 19236: 19232: 19229: 19227: 19224: 19222: 19219: 19217: 19214: 19213: 19211: 19207: 19200: 19196: 19192: 19188: 19185: 19182: 19178: 19174: 19170: 19166: 19162: 19159: 19156: 19152: 19148: 19144: 19140: 19136: 19132: 19128: 19125: 19122: 19118: 19114: 19110: 19106: 19102: 19099: 19096: 19092: 19088: 19084: 19080: 19076: 19072: 19068: 19064: 19060: 19056: 19052: 19048: 19044: 19040: 19037: 19034: 19030: 19026: 19022: 19018: 19014: 19010: 19006: 19003: 19000: 18996: 18992: 18988: 18984: 18981: 18978: 18974: 18970: 18966: 18962: 18958: 18954: 18950: 18946: 18942: 18938: 18934: 18930: 18926: 18922: 18918: 18915: 18912: 18908: 18904: 18900: 18896: 18892: 18888: 18884: 18880: 18876: 18872: 18868: 18865: 18862: 18858: 18854: 18850: 18846: 18843: 18840: 18836: 18832: 18828: 18824: 18820: 18816: 18812: 18808: 18804: 18800: 18797: 18796: 18794: 18792: 18788: 18782: 18779: 18777: 18774: 18771: 18767: 18763: 18760: 18758: 18755: 18754: 18752: 18748: 18744: 18740: 18735: 18731: 18717: 18714: 18712: 18709: 18707: 18704: 18701: 18697: 18693: 18690: 18688: 18685: 18683: 18680: 18678: 18675: 18673: 18669: 18666: 18664: 18661: 18659: 18658:Greek Muslims 18656: 18654: 18651: 18649: 18646: 18644: 18641: 18638: 18634: 18631: 18629: 18626: 18624: 18621: 18619: 18616: 18614: 18610: 18607: 18605: 18601: 18598: 18597: 18595: 18591: 18585: 18582: 18580: 18577: 18575: 18572: 18570: 18567: 18565: 18562: 18560: 18557: 18555: 18552: 18550: 18547: 18545: 18542: 18540: 18537: 18535: 18532: 18530: 18527: 18525: 18522: 18520: 18517: 18515: 18512: 18510: 18507: 18505: 18502: 18500: 18497: 18494: 18490: 18486: 18483: 18482: 18480: 18475: 18468: 18462: 18459: 18457: 18453: 18449: 18446: 18444: 18441: 18439: 18436: 18434: 18431: 18429: 18426: 18424: 18421: 18419: 18416: 18414: 18411: 18409: 18406: 18404: 18401: 18399: 18396: 18395: 18393: 18388: 18384: 18378: 18375: 18373: 18370: 18368: 18365: 18363: 18360: 18358: 18355: 18353: 18350: 18348: 18345: 18343: 18340: 18338: 18334: 18331: 18329: 18326: 18324: 18321: 18319: 18316: 18314: 18311: 18309: 18306: 18305: 18303: 18298: 18294: 18288: 18285: 18283: 18280: 18278: 18275: 18273: 18270: 18268: 18265: 18263: 18260: 18258: 18255: 18253: 18252:Neolithic Age 18250: 18249: 18247: 18244:(pre-1100 BC) 18242: 18238: 18234: 18230: 18225: 18221: 18215: 18212: 18210: 18207: 18206: 18203: 18198: 18191: 18186: 18184: 18179: 18177: 18172: 18171: 18168: 18156: 18153: 18151: 18148: 18146: 18143: 18141: 18138: 18136: 18133: 18131: 18128: 18126: 18123: 18121: 18118: 18116: 18113: 18111: 18108: 18106: 18103: 18101: 18098: 18096: 18093: 18091: 18088: 18086: 18083: 18081: 18078: 18077: 18075: 18071: 18062: 18058: 18055: 18051: 18048: 18044: 18043: 18041: 18039: 18036: 18034: 18033:Sephardi Jews 18031: 18029: 18026: 18024: 18021: 18019: 18016: 18014: 18011: 18006: 18002: 18001: 17999: 17994: 17990: 17987: 17983: 17982: 17980: 17978: 17975: 17973: 17970: 17965: 17961: 17958: 17954: 17951: 17947: 17944: 17940: 17939: 17938: 17935: 17934: 17932: 17928: 17922: 17919: 17917: 17914: 17912: 17909: 17907: 17904: 17902: 17899: 17898: 17896: 17892: 17888: 17884: 17883:Ethnic groups 17879: 17870: 17865: 17863: 17858: 17856: 17851: 17850: 17847: 17841: 17838: 17836: 17832: 17829: 17826: 17824: 17821: 17819: 17816: 17814: 17810: 17807: 17806: 17805: 17804: 17798: 17795: 17793: 17790: 17788: 17785: 17783: 17780: 17778: 17775: 17774: 17773: 17772: 17766: 17763: 17761: 17758: 17755: 17751: 17750:North America 17747: 17743: 17740: 17737: 17735: 17731: 17727: 17724: 17721: 17720: 17719: 17718: 17712: 17709: 17707: 17704: 17702: 17699: 17697: 17694: 17692: 17689: 17687: 17684: 17683: 17682: 17681: 17674: 17671: 17670: 17669: 17668: 17653: 17638: 17634: 17628: 17624: 17623: 17617: 17605: 17601: 17595: 17591: 17590: 17584: 17580: 17574: 17569: 17568: 17561: 17557: 17551: 17547: 17546: 17540: 17536: 17530: 17526: 17525: 17519: 17515: 17509: 17505: 17504: 17498: 17494: 17488: 17483: 17482: 17475: 17471: 17465: 17461: 17460: 17454: 17450: 17444: 17440: 17435: 17434: 17431: 17430:Modern Greeks 17428: 17427: 17422: 17416: 17412: 17411: 17405: 17401: 17395: 17391: 17390: 17384: 17380: 17374: 17370: 17369: 17363: 17359: 17353: 17349: 17348: 17342: 17341: 17338: 17335: 17334: 17321: 17317: 17311: 17307: 17306: 17300: 17296: 17290: 17286: 17285:Edward Arnold 17282: 17278: 17274: 17270: 17264: 17260: 17259: 17253: 17241: 17237: 17231: 17227: 17226: 17220: 17208: 17204: 17203: 17197: 17185: 17181: 17175: 17171: 17170: 17165: 17160: 17159: 17156: 17153: 17152: 17151: 17149: 17142: 17136: 17132: 17127: 17115: 17111: 17105: 17101: 17097: 17096: 17090: 17089: 17086: 17083: 17082: 17077: 17071: 17067: 17066: 17060: 17048: 17044: 17038: 17034: 17033: 17027: 17023: 17017: 17012: 17011: 17004: 17000: 16994: 16989: 16988: 16981: 16969: 16965: 16959: 16955: 16954: 16948: 16944: 16938: 16934: 16933: 16927: 16915: 16911: 16905: 16901: 16900: 16894: 16890: 16884: 16880: 16879: 16873: 16861: 16857: 16851: 16847: 16846: 16841: 16837: 16825: 16821: 16815: 16811: 16810: 16804: 16803: 16800: 16797: 16796: 16783: 16779: 16773: 16769: 16768: 16762: 16758: 16756:9780691035239 16752: 16747: 16746: 16739: 16727: 16723: 16717: 16713: 16712: 16706: 16694: 16690: 16684: 16680: 16679: 16673: 16669: 16665: 16662:(1): 97–107. 16661: 16657: 16652: 16648: 16643: 16642: 16639: 16636: 16635: 16634: 16633: 16617: 16613: 16607: 16603: 16599: 16594: 16590: 16584: 16580: 16579: 16574: 16570: 16558: 16554: 16550: 16545: 16541: 16535: 16531: 16530: 16524: 16512: 16508: 16502: 16498: 16497: 16491: 16487: 16483: 16479: 16473: 16469: 16464: 16460: 16454: 16450: 16449: 16443: 16442: 16430: 16424: 16420: 16419: 16413: 16409: 16403: 16399: 16398: 16392: 16388: 16382: 16378: 16374: 16369: 16365: 16359: 16354: 16353: 16346: 16342: 16341: 16335: 16331: 16325: 16321: 16320: 16314: 16310: 16304: 16300: 16299: 16293: 16289: 16283: 16279: 16278: 16272: 16260: 16256: 16252: 16247: 16242: 16239:(1): 98–115. 16238: 16234: 16230: 16225: 16221: 16215: 16210: 16209: 16202: 16198: 16192: 16188: 16187: 16181: 16177: 16171: 16167: 16166: 16161: 16157: 16153: 16149: 16145: 16141: 16137: 16133: 16129: 16125: 16121: 16115: 16111: 16110: 16104: 16100: 16094: 16090: 16089: 16083: 16071: 16067: 16061: 16057: 16056: 16050: 16046: 16040: 16036: 16035: 16029: 16025: 16019: 16015: 16014: 16008: 16004: 16002:9781404789791 15998: 15994: 15993: 15987: 15982: 15977: 15973: 15969: 15965: 15960: 15956: 15950: 15946: 15945: 15939: 15935: 15929: 15925: 15924: 15918: 15906: 15902: 15898: 15893: 15889: 15883: 15879: 15878: 15873: 15869: 15865: 15859: 15855: 15854: 15848: 15844: 15838: 15834: 15833: 15827: 15823: 15819: 15814: 15809: 15805: 15801: 15797: 15793: 15789: 15785: 15784: 15779: 15774: 15770: 15766: 15762: 15758: 15754: 15750: 15745: 15741: 15735: 15731: 15727: 15722: 15710: 15706: 15700: 15696: 15695: 15689: 15685: 15681: 15677: 15673: 15669: 15665: 15660: 15656: 15654:9780521077873 15650: 15645: 15644: 15637: 15633: 15627: 15623: 15622: 15616: 15612: 15606: 15602: 15601: 15595: 15591: 15585: 15581: 15580: 15574: 15570: 15564: 15560: 15559: 15553: 15549: 15543: 15539: 15538: 15532: 15528: 15522: 15517: 15516: 15509: 15505: 15500: 15496: 15490: 15486: 15485: 15479: 15475: 15469: 15465: 15464: 15458: 15454: 15450: 15446: 15442: 15438: 15434: 15430: 15426: 15421: 15417: 15411: 15407: 15403: 15398: 15394: 15388: 15384: 15380: 15375: 15363: 15359: 15357:9780521833073 15353: 15349: 15345: 15340: 15336: 15331: 15327: 15321: 15317: 15316: 15310: 15306: 15300: 15296: 15295: 15289: 15285: 15279: 15275: 15274: 15268: 15256: 15252: 15247: 15243: 15237: 15233: 15232: 15226: 15214: 15210: 15204: 15200: 15199: 15193: 15189: 15183: 15179: 15178: 15172: 15168: 15162: 15157: 15156: 15149: 15145: 15139: 15135: 15131: 15126: 15122: 15118: 15114: 15110: 15106: 15102: 15098: 15094: 15089: 15085: 15079: 15074: 15073: 15066: 15054: 15050: 15044: 15040: 15039: 15033: 15021: 15017: 15011: 15007: 15006: 15000: 14988: 14984: 14978: 14974: 14973: 14968: 14964: 14960: 14954: 14950: 14946: 14941: 14929: 14925: 14919: 14915: 14911: 14906: 14902: 14898: 14894: 14890: 14885: 14881: 14877: 14873: 14869: 14864: 14859: 14855: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14837: 14833: 14832: 14827: 14822: 14818: 14814: 14809: 14804: 14800: 14796: 14792: 14788: 14784: 14780: 14776: 14772: 14771: 14766: 14761: 14749: 14745: 14739: 14735: 14734: 14728: 14716: 14712: 14706: 14702: 14698: 14693: 14689: 14685: 14681: 14677: 14673: 14669: 14665: 14661: 14657: 14652: 14640: 14636: 14630: 14626: 14622: 14617: 14605: 14601: 14599:9780198228639 14595: 14591: 14590: 14584: 14580: 14574: 14569: 14568: 14561: 14557: 14553: 14549: 14545: 14541: 14537: 14533: 14529: 14524: 14512: 14508: 14502: 14498: 14497: 14491: 14487: 14481: 14477: 14476: 14470: 14458: 14454: 14450: 14445: 14433: 14429: 14423: 14419: 14418: 14412: 14400: 14396: 14390: 14386: 14385: 14379: 14367: 14363: 14357: 14353: 14352: 14346: 14342: 14336: 14331: 14330: 14323: 14319: 14313: 14309: 14308: 14302: 14298: 14292: 14288: 14287: 14281: 14269: 14265: 14259: 14255: 14254: 14248: 14244: 14238: 14234: 14233: 14227: 14223: 14217: 14213: 14212: 14206: 14194: 14190: 14184: 14180: 14179: 14173: 14161: 14157: 14151: 14147: 14146: 14140: 14136: 14130: 14126: 14125: 14119: 14107: 14103: 14097: 14093: 14092: 14086: 14082: 14076: 14072: 14071: 14066: 14061: 14057: 14051: 14047: 14046: 14040: 14028: 14024: 14018: 14014: 14013: 14007: 13995: 13991: 13987: 13983: 13979: 13975: 13971: 13967: 13963: 13959: 13955: 13951: 13946: 13942: 13936: 13932: 13931: 13925: 13921: 13915: 13911: 13910: 13904: 13892: 13888: 13886:9789535172611 13882: 13878: 13877: 13871: 13867: 13861: 13857: 13852: 13848: 13842: 13838: 13834: 13829: 13825: 13819: 13815: 13814: 13809: 13805: 13793: 13789: 13783: 13779: 13775: 13770: 13766: 13760: 13756: 13755: 13749: 13745: 13739: 13735: 13734: 13728: 13716: 13712: 13711: 13705: 13701: 13695: 13691: 13690: 13684: 13680: 13674: 13670: 13669: 13664: 13663:Drews, Robert 13660: 13648: 13644: 13638: 13634: 13633: 13627: 13615: 13611: 13605: 13601: 13600: 13595: 13594:Cole, Jeffrey 13591: 13587: 13581: 13577: 13576: 13570: 13558: 13554: 13548: 13544: 13543: 13537: 13533: 13529: 13524: 13519: 13515: 13511: 13507: 13503: 13499: 13495: 13494: 13489: 13484: 13480: 13474: 13470: 13469: 13463: 13459: 13453: 13448: 13447: 13441: 13437: 13433: 13427: 13423: 13422: 13416: 13404: 13400: 13394: 13390: 13389: 13383: 13371: 13367: 13361: 13357: 13356: 13351: 13347: 13335: 13331: 13325: 13321: 13320: 13314: 13310: 13304: 13300: 13299: 13293: 13289: 13287:90-04-07309-4 13283: 13279: 13278: 13272: 13268: 13262: 13258: 13253: 13241: 13237: 13231: 13227: 13226: 13220: 13216: 13210: 13206: 13202: 13197: 13193: 13187: 13183: 13179: 13174: 13170: 13164: 13160: 13159: 13153: 13149: 13143: 13139: 13138: 13132: 13128: 13122: 13117: 13116: 13109: 13105: 13099: 13096:. Routledge. 13094: 13093: 13086: 13082: 13076: 13072: 13067: 13063: 13057: 13053: 13052: 13046: 13042: 13036: 13032: 13031: 13025: 13021: 13015: 13011: 13010: 13004: 13000: 12994: 12990: 12989: 12983: 12979: 12973: 12968: 12967: 12960: 12956: 12952: 12948: 12944: 12940: 12936: 12931: 12927: 12921: 12917: 12916: 12910: 12906: 12900: 12896: 12895: 12889: 12885: 12879: 12875: 12871: 12866: 12862: 12856: 12852: 12847: 12835: 12831: 12827: 12823: 12819: 12815: 12810: 12806: 12802: 12798: 12794: 12790: 12786: 12781: 12769: 12765: 12759: 12755: 12754: 12748: 12736: 12732: 12726: 12722: 12721: 12715: 12714: 12693: 12689: 12688: 12683: 12676: 12669: 12656: 12652: 12651: 12646: 12639: 12623: 12619: 12618: 12613: 12606: 12590: 12586: 12582: 12578: 12572: 12565: 12560: 12554: 12550: 12543: 12535: 12528: 12522: 12517: 12510: 12505: 12497: 12493: 12489: 12482: 12474: 12470: 12466: 12462: 12458: 12454: 12446: 12438: 12434: 12430: 12423: 12415: 12411: 12406: 12401: 12397: 12393: 12389: 12385: 12381: 12377: 12376: 12371: 12363: 12355: 12351: 12346: 12341: 12336: 12331: 12326: 12320: 12315: 12311: 12310: 12302: 12294: 12286: 12282: 12278: 12274: 12270: 12266: 12262: 12258: 12251: 12243: 12239: 12234: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12215: 12211: 12210: 12209:PLOS Genetics 12205: 12198: 12190: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12172: 12168: 12164: 12160: 12156: 12149: 12141: 12137: 12132: 12127: 12123: 12119: 12115: 12111: 12107: 12100: 12092: 12088: 12083: 12078: 12074: 12070: 12066: 12062: 12058: 12051: 12043: 12039: 12035: 12031: 12027: 12023: 12019: 12015: 12008: 12000: 11996: 11991: 11986: 11982: 11978: 11974: 11970: 11966: 11959: 11951: 11947: 11942: 11937: 11933: 11929: 11925: 11922: 11921: 11916: 11909: 11901: 11895: 11891: 11887: 11886: 11878: 11870: 11866: 11862: 11858: 11854: 11850: 11846: 11842: 11835: 11827: 11823: 11818: 11813: 11809: 11805: 11801: 11797: 11793: 11789: 11785: 11778: 11770: 11766: 11762: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11744: 11740: 11736: 11732: 11728: 11721: 11715: 11710: 11694: 11690: 11686: 11680: 11674: 11670: 11666: 11661: 11656: 11640: 11636: 11632: 11625: 11609: 11605: 11601: 11594: 11587: 11583: 11578: 11572:, p. 42. 11571: 11567: 11566:Winstedt 1909 11563: 11559: 11558:Pletcher 2013 11554: 11547: 11543: 11538: 11531: 11525: 11509: 11505: 11501: 11495: 11488: 11483: 11477:, p. 39. 11476: 11471: 11455: 11451: 11447: 11441: 11439: 11437: 11435: 11433: 11425: 11420: 11418: 11410: 11404: 11397: 11391: 11384: 11378: 11371: 11370:0-415-97334-1 11367: 11363: 11357: 11341: 11337: 11333: 11327: 11320: 11315: 11299: 11295: 11291: 11285: 11269: 11265: 11261: 11255: 11249:, p. 55. 11248: 11243: 11227: 11223: 11222:The Economist 11219: 11213: 11206: 11201: 11185: 11181: 11177: 11170: 11168: 11151: 11147: 11143: 11137: 11130: 11126: 11121: 11105: 11101: 11100:The Economist 11097: 11091: 11084: 11079: 11077: 11069: 11064: 11057: 11052: 11045: 11040: 11038: 11026: 11022: 11015: 11008: 10992: 10988: 10984: 10978: 10962: 10958: 10957:The Telegraph 10953: 10945: 10929: 10925: 10924:New Statesman 10921: 10914: 10898: 10894: 10888: 10881: 10876: 10869: 10864: 10858:, p. 25. 10857: 10852: 10846:, p. 71. 10845: 10840: 10833: 10829: 10825: 10819: 10803: 10799: 10793: 10777: 10773: 10769: 10763: 10756: 10752: 10748: 10744: 10739: 10728: 10724: 10717: 10711: 10704: 10700: 10695: 10693: 10676: 10672: 10668: 10661: 10645: 10641: 10637: 10630: 10614: 10610: 10606: 10599: 10592: 10591:Laliotou 2004 10587: 10580: 10575: 10568: 10567:Kardasis 2001 10563: 10561: 10553: 10548: 10546: 10539:, p. 16. 10538: 10533: 10526: 10521: 10514: 10513:Boardman 1984 10509: 10507: 10490: 10486: 10480: 10464: 10460: 10456: 10450: 10434: 10430: 10424: 10405: 10398: 10396: 10395:Finis Greciae 10387: 10385: 10383: 10366: 10362: 10358: 10351: 10344: 10339: 10323: 10319: 10315: 10308: 10301: 10286: 10279: 10278: 10270: 10263: 10250: 10246: 10242: 10238: 10232: 10228: 10227: 10219: 10212: 10207: 10201:, p. 48. 10200: 10197:, p. 6; 10196: 10193:, p. 2; 10192: 10191:Borowiec 2000 10188: 10183: 10167: 10163: 10159: 10153: 10151: 10149: 10140: 10134: 10130: 10123: 10121: 10119: 10102: 10098: 10094: 10088: 10072: 10068: 10062: 10046: 10042: 10038: 10032: 10013: 10006: 9998: 9992: 9987: 9985: 9983: 9974: 9970: 9966: 9959: 9957: 9949: 9944: 9937: 9932: 9926:, Books 1–15. 9925: 9924: 9917: 9910: 9905: 9898: 9893: 9891: 9889: 9887: 9879: 9878:Browning 1983 9874: 9867: 9862: 9860: 9858: 9856: 9848: 9847: 9846:Meteorologica 9840: 9832: 9826: 9822: 9815: 9807: 9806: 9798: 9792:, Fragment 5. 9791: 9785: 9778: 9774: 9769: 9762: 9758: 9755: 9751: 9750:Meteorologica 9745: 9743: 9735: 9734: 9727: 9720: 9716: 9713: 9708: 9706: 9698: 9697: 9690: 9683: 9679: 9674: 9667: 9662: 9655: 9650: 9643: 9639: 9633: 9625: 9619: 9615: 9608: 9601: 9596: 9589: 9584: 9576: 9572: 9568: 9563: 9556: 9551: 9544: 9538: 9530: 9526: 9520: 9513: 9512:Ševčenko 2002 9508: 9502:, p. 14. 9501: 9500:Runciman 1970 9497: 9493: 9492:Harrison 2002 9489: 9484: 9477: 9472: 9465: 9459: 9453: 9447: 9441:, on Perseus) 9440: 9436: 9432: 9429: 9424: 9408: 9404: 9403: 9398: 9392: 9385: 9379: 9372: 9368: 9364: 9361: 9356: 9349: 9345: 9341: 9338: 9333: 9326: 9321: 9314: 9309: 9302: 9298: 9297:Hershlag 1980 9294: 9290: 9285: 9274: 9267: 9261: 9253: 9246: 9244: 9242: 9225: 9221: 9217: 9211: 9203: 9199: 9195: 9189: 9185: 9184: 9176: 9160: 9156: 9152: 9151:"Manastırlar" 9146: 9139: 9135: 9128: 9120: 9113: 9106: 9101: 9099: 9097: 9095: 9078: 9074: 9070: 9064: 9048: 9044: 9040: 9034: 9027: 9022: 9006: 9002: 8998: 8997:"Renaissance" 8992: 8990: 8982: 8977: 8970: 8965: 8958: 8957:Pontic Greeks 8954: 8948: 8942:, p. 33. 8941: 8936: 8929: 8917: 8913: 8911:9780231031707 8907: 8903: 8902: 8894: 8886: 8884:9780299809256 8880: 8876: 8875: 8867: 8861:, p. 92. 8860: 8859:Kaplanis 2014 8855: 8839: 8835: 8831: 8825: 8818: 8814: 8809: 8801: 8794: 8792: 8790: 8788: 8786: 8784: 8776: 8775:Burstein 1988 8771: 8769: 8762:, p. 20. 8761: 8756: 8749: 8744: 8728: 8724: 8722:9781409410980 8718: 8714: 8713: 8705: 8689: 8685: 8681: 8674: 8667: 8666:Kaplanis 2014 8662: 8655: 8650: 8643: 8638: 8631: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8613: 8608: 8602:, p. 50. 8601: 8596: 8594: 8577: 8573: 8569: 8563: 8556: 8552: 8551:Makrides 2009 8548: 8543: 8536: 8532: 8528: 8524: 8519: 8512: 8507: 8500: 8499:Harrison 2002 8495: 8488: 8483: 8481: 8473: 8472:Howatson 1989 8468: 8461: 8456: 8447: 8442: 8438: 8434: 8430: 8423: 8416: 8415:Makrides 2009 8411: 8404: 8399: 8392: 8387: 8380: 8379:Ferguson 2003 8375: 8359: 8355: 8351: 8345: 8338: 8333: 8326: 8321: 8314: 8309: 8302: 8297: 8290: 8285: 8283: 8281: 8279: 8262: 8258: 8254: 8248: 8246: 8238: 8233: 8217: 8213: 8209: 8202: 8196:, p. 364 8195: 8190: 8188: 8176: 8172: 8165: 8158: 8151: 8146: 8138: 8131: 8124: 8119: 8112: 8099: 8095: 8091: 8084: 8077: 8072: 8068: 8063: 8056: 8052: 8047: 8040: 8035: 8019: 8015: 8011: 8005: 7998: 7993: 7986: 7982: 7977: 7970: 7966: 7961: 7954: 7953:Dietrich 1974 7950: 7945: 7938: 7935:, p. 7; 7934: 7929: 7922: 7917: 7915: 7907: 7906:Chadwick 1976 7902: 7896:, p. 43. 7895: 7890: 7883: 7879: 7875: 7874:Tartaron 2013 7870: 7863: 7858: 7842: 7838: 7834: 7828: 7826: 7818: 7817:Chadwick 1976 7813: 7805: 7798: 7792:, p. 243 7791: 7786: 7779: 7774: 7767: 7762: 7756:, p. 125 7755: 7750: 7743: 7738: 7731: 7726: 7719: 7714: 7706: 7699: 7690: 7681: 7674: 7663: 7657: 7653: 7652: 7644: 7628: 7624: 7618: 7614: 7613: 7605: 7598: 7594: 7589: 7582: 7577: 7570: 7565: 7563: 7561: 7559: 7551: 7546: 7539: 7534: 7532: 7530: 7528: 7526: 7517: 7510: 7498: 7479: 7475: 7469: 7461: 7457: 7456: 7448: 7432: 7428: 7422: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7400: 7393: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7367: 7360: 7348: 7344: 7340: 7334: 7327: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7301: 7294: 7282: 7278: 7274: 7268: 7249: 7245: 7237: 7231: 7224: 7212: 7208: 7204: 7198: 7191: 7178: 7174: 7170: 7164: 7148: 7144: 7140: 7134: 7126: 7119: 7113: 7106: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7079: 7072: 7060: 7056: 7052: 7046: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7016: 7000: 6996: 6990: 6971: 6964: 6958: 6942: 6938: 6932: 6916: 6912: 6906: 6899: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6872: 6865: 6853: 6849: 6845: 6839: 6831: 6827: 6821: 6805: 6801: 6795: 6788: 6775: 6771: 6767: 6761: 6753: 6749: 6746: 6741: 6740: 6736: 6733: 6726: 6719: 6715: 6709: 6693: 6689: 6687: 6679: 6672: 6667: 6665: 6657: 6644: 6640: 6634: 6632: 6624: 6621: 6620:Magna Graecia 6617: 6616:Griko dialect 6602: 6598: 6594: 6588: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6566: 6557: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6527: 6511: 6507: 6503: 6497: 6481: 6477: 6471: 6464: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6438: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6408: 6392: 6388: 6387:Cystat.gov.cy 6384: 6378: 6362: 6358: 6357:themanews.com 6354: 6348: 6341: 6336: 6320: 6316: 6310: 6303: 6287: 6283: 6276: 6270: 6263: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6236: 6229: 6224: 6217: 6212: 6208: 6196:, p. 8). 6195: 6191: 6187: 6181: 6174: 6170: 6164: 6160: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6108:Pontic Greeks 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6088:Greek Muslims 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6030: 6029:Greece portal 6019: 6016: 6005: 5993: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5971: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5940: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5930: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5913: 5910:created as a 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5900: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5840:United States 5837: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5695: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5667: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5656: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5635: 5630: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5600: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5500: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5471: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5397: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5366: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5349: 5348: 5344: 5341: 5340: 5337: 5336: 5332: 5330: 5319: 5315: 5313: 5308: 5306: 5302: 5291: 5281: 5272: 5263: 5249: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5175: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5121: 5119: 5114: 5110: 5105: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5078: 5071: 5067: 5062: 5053: 5045: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5028: 5022: 5012: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4977: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4922: 4920: 4916: 4915: 4911:. In Plato's 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4897:Ionian coasts 4894: 4890: 4889:Magna Graecia 4886: 4878: 4874: 4869: 4859: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4831: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4788:genitive case 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4762: 4758: 4748: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4698: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4678: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4649: 4639: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4616: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4596: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4569: 4564: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4543: 4535: 4530: 4520: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4505: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4488:(excelled in 4487: 4483: 4479: 4478:Demotic Greek 4476:(promoter of 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4450:Fotis Kafatos 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4302:cytopathology 4299: 4293: 4290: 4286: 4281: 4278:(education). 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4147: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4128:Kostas Gavras 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4100:Dimitris Horn 4097: 4093: 4089: 4088:Academy Award 4085: 4084:Ellie Lambeti 4081: 4077: 4069: 4065: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4014:Ion Dragoumis 4011: 4007: 4003: 4000: 3996: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3970: 3969:Demis Roussos 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3901:the painters 3900: 3899: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3876:classical art 3873: 3869: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3850:Central Asian 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3766: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3743: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3732:Greek Muslims 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3685:New Testament 3682: 3678: 3674: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3656: 3652: 3647: 3643: 3633: 3632:and Turkish. 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3552:Philhellenism 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3524: 3522: 3518: 3517:New Testament 3514: 3510: 3506: 3505:Homeric epics 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3405: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3390: 3389:Greek culture 3385: 3375: 3373: 3369: 3364: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3333:Great Britain 3330: 3329:United States 3325: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3306: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3277:, Livorno in 3276: 3272: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3244: 3235: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3224:lingua franca 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3188:Magna Graecia 3185: 3176: 3171: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3115:New York City 3112: 3108: 3104: 3094: 3089: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3052: 3048: 3045:followed the 3044: 3040: 3035: 3033: 3028: 3024: 3018: 3014: 3004: 3001: 2997: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2982: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2961: 2956: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2932: 2923: 2919: 2918:Magna Graecia 2915: 2911: 2906: 2891: 2880: 2876: 2874: 2868: 2866: 2860: 2856: 2846: 2844: 2843:Meteorologica 2841:notes in his 2840: 2834: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2732: 2702: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2669:(Δαναοί) and 2666: 2660: 2656: 2655: 2650: 2649: 2644: 2640: 2634: 2627: 2622: 2618: 2608: 2606: 2605: 2600: 2599:mother tongue 2596: 2595:Greek culture 2592: 2591: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2574:philhellenism 2571: 2567: 2563: 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rights 19843:universities 19783:Conscription 19439:Constitution 19331:Thracian Sea 19319:Sea of Crete 19095:Thessaloniki 18977:Kastellorizo 18700:royal family 18628:Coups d'état 18623:Colonization 18564:World War II 18485:Stato da Màr 18470:Early modern 18443:Frankokratia 18209:Basic topics 17906:Cappadocians 17900: 17802: 17801: 17770: 17769: 17716: 17715: 17679: 17678: 17666: 17665: 17651: 17641:. 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The large 2550: 2546:Last Emperor 2537: 2521: 2517: 2516:("Romans"), 2513: 2506:modern Greek 2489: 2487: 2398: 2383: 2340: 2335: 2321: 2279: 2261:Pontic Greek 2218:Cretan Turks 2189: 2185: 2173: 2165: 2155: 2088: 2049:Thessalonica 2038: 2030:Aristotelian 2015: 1964: 1942: 1938: 1920: 1913: 1908: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1863:Pope Leo III 1843: 1835: 1828:Roman Empire 1813: 1811: 1770:Frankokratia 1741: 1737: 1721:Roman Empire 1718: 1713: 1693: 1684: 1673: 1666:Roman Greece 1660:Roman Empire 1627: 1620: 1614: 1608: 1585: 1572:Altes Museum 1500:cities like 1487: 1453: 1438: 1394: 1378: 1367: 1357: 1351: 1340:ethnogenesis 1337: 1250: 1244: 1238: 1199: 1152: 1098: 1060: 1051:funeral mask 1008: 993: 966: 950:Thessalonica 887: 837:ethnic group 827: 783: 779: 777: 762:Griko people 755: 591: 459:4,000–49,143 234:South Africa 62: 35:Ethnic group 32: 21815:Bellerephon 21762:Mount Athos 21689:Fairy tales 21653:(Timeline: 21646:Drosoulites 21641:Catholicism 21424:Heptanesian 21365:Pyrrhichios 21361:Proskinitos 21317:Kerkiraikos 21313:Kastorianos 21301:Ikariotikos 21281:Dionysiakos 21273:Antikristos 21269:Angaliastos 21181:Place names 21107:Koine Greek 21056:Cappadocian 21011:Orthography 20920:Agiorgitiko 20898:Heptanesean 20896:Varieties ( 20882:Tirokafteri 20855:Restaurants 20825:Greek salad 20815:Spanakopita 20687:Loukoumades 20683:Kourabiedes 20679:Koulourakia 20572:Worry beads 20488:Theophany's 20474:Hospitality 20378:Anastenaria 20345:Slavophones 20312:Immigration 20158:Laiki agora 20109:Debt crisis 20059:Agriculture 19950:Megali Idea 19942:Nationalism 19877:LGBT rights 19687:Coast Guard 19671:Greek mafia 19543:Legislature 19369:earthquakes 19352:Environment 19327:Myrtoan Sea 19323:Icarian Sea 19127:Peloponnese 18781:Place names 18706:Phanariotes 18672:Proto-Greek 18633:Demographic 18534:World War I 18529:Balkan Wars 18477:(post-1453) 18387:Middle Ages 18095:Australians 17930:Traditional 17911:Macedonians 16563:28 December 15755:: 293–320. 15670:(1): 7–14. 14534:: 283–314. 14463:28 December 14000:1 September 12628:17 December 12263:(1): 3–18. 11665:pp. 233–241 11614:19 December 11570:Withey 1989 11562:Casson 1991 11407:Goldstein, 11398:, pp. 25–26 11304:23 December 11274:19 December 11232:19 December 11190:19 December 10880:Fasold 1984 10751:Levene 1998 10642:. Reuters. 10469:19 December 10439:19 December 10371:19 December 10328:19 December 10318:Athens News 10294:17 December 10255:17 December 10051:19 December 9843:Aristotle, 9748:Aristotle. 9733:Bibliotheca 9699:, 2.681–685 9325:Broome 1996 9026:Robins 1993 8981:Harris 1999 8813:Angold 1975 8612:Shahid 1972 8600:Haldon 1997 8325:Burton 1993 8301:Lucore 2009 8289:Harris 1991 8104:27 December 8094:Archaeology 8067:Burger 2008 8055:Burger 2008 7997:Morgan 1990 7933:Hansen 2004 7819:, p. 2 7667:30 November 7581:Beaton 1996 7569:Sutton 1996 7550:Latacz 2004 7505:|work= 7409:AusGreekNet 7353:24 December 6516:30 December 6194:Gilbar 1997 6169:Carl Blegen 6118:Sarakatsani 5964:early 2000s 5603:9th century 5593:8th century 5564:7th century 5361:Proto-Greek 5290:sarcophagus 5215:Andalusians 4946:Megasthenes 4818:(island of 4810:(island of 4687:Cleisthenes 4665:aristocracy 4600:Greek cross 4583:, although 4551:Palaiologoi 4496:(a leading 4472:; linguist 4442:charm quark 4438:Dirac Prize 4410:Knuth Prize 4402:Knuth Prize 4340:; chemists 4336:sites) and 4285:city's fall 4248:mathematics 4112:Irene Papas 3838:Renaissance 3689:Koine Greek 3616:/Albanian, 3602:Doric Greek 3590:Cappadocian 3556:Diafotismos 3521:Koine Greek 3402:Diafotismos 3200:Middle East 3127:Los Angeles 3041:. Waves of 2695:Peloponnese 2675:Panhellenes 2582:Diafotismos 2560:, from the 2558:Peloponnese 2522:Christianoi 2447:sanctuaries 2439:homóglōsson 2282:Phanariotes 2238:Pontic Alps 2228:of western 2073:Phanariotes 1987:Pontic Alps 1867:Charlemagne 1748:Middle Ages 1689:Greco-Roman 1516:Hellenistic 1498:Hellenistic 1494:Roman times 1480:Middle East 1401:city-states 1218:Sea Peoples 1003:as well as 983:and in the 859:, parts of 674:New Zealand 594:Switzerland 414:Netherlands 69:–17 million 22036:Categories 21912:Ice hockey 21892:Basketball 21859:Vrykolakas 21727:Hypertimos 21566:Tambourine 21498:Macedonian 21444:Thessalian 21428:Macedonian 21412:Folk music 21389:Tsakonikos 21337:Maniatikos 21333:Leventikos 21265:Ai Georgis 21238:Corruption 21228:Television 21223:Newspapers 21167:Macedonian 21147:Arvanitika 21121:Literature 21015:Diacritics 20956:Malagousia 20952:Mandilaria 20948:Mavrodafni 20910:Macedonian 20811:Karydopita 20773:Kefalotyri 20757:Anthotyros 20703:Vasilopita 20669:Desserts ( 20609:Modern art 20528:Philosophy 20484:New Year's 20414:Fustanella 20333:Aromanians 20317:Minorities 20306:the Greeks 20138:Euro coins 19986:Trotskyism 19936:Venizelism 19928:Liberalism 19912:Monarchism 19901:Ideologies 19849:Healthcare 19662:Corruption 19509:Government 19375:Ecoregions 19342:Libyan Sea 19337:Ionian Sea 19315:Aegean Sea 19267:Peninsulas 19043:Chalkidiki 18999:Thesprotia 18925:Astypalaia 18921:Agathonisi 18917:Dodecanese 18770:co-capital 18474:Modern era 18423:Iconoclasm 18390:(330–1453) 18262:Pelasgians 18257:Bronze Age 18241:Prehistory 18135:Pakistanis 18054:Dodecanese 17993:Dodecanese 17977:Aromanians 17283:. London: 17098:. Oxford: 16486:1237348138 14660:Odontology 12710:References 12509:Walsh 2013 11582:Brown 2001 11514:16 October 11260:"The Flag" 11083:Mango 1986 10868:Tomić 2006 10579:Clogg 2000 10495:13 January 10199:Brown 2004 10195:Rezun 2001 9909:Isaac 2004 9897:Smith 1991 9830:0618082506 9567:Smith 2003 9360:ὁμόγλωσσος 9313:Üngör 2008 9293:Clark 2006 8940:Mango 1965 8844:1 December 8733:1 December 8694:1 December 8624:Klein 2004 8313:Foltz 2010 8237:Grant 1990 8150:Green 2008 8123:Brice 2012 7985:Budin 2009 7778:Drews 1994 7766:Bryce 2006 7742:Bryce 2006 7730:Smith 1999 7153:15 October 6947:16 January 6921:18 January 6810:4 February 6690:. MFA.gr. 6228:Clogg 2013 6190:Asia Minor 6113:Romaniotes 6103:Pelasgians 5893:regime in 5883:Alexandria 5814:communists 5581:Macedonian 5573:Cappadocia 5523:and Asia. 5406:Asia Minor 5161:Bulgarians 5070:Phoenician 5025:See also: 4974:Uele River 4930:Euthymenes 4901:Asia Minor 4852:East Slavs 4850:and other 4824:Asia Minor 4812:Cephalonia 4757:Greek name 4755:See also: 4646:See also: 4632:Greek Army 4624:Asia Minor 4612:escutcheon 4527:See also: 4272:Alexandria 4256:philosophy 4193:See also: 4051:, such as 3884:Kazakhstan 3858:Indo-Greek 3807:See also: 3757:region of 3701:Latin-rite 3673:Christians 3614:Arvanitika 3610:Romaniotes 3530:, such as 3260:Alexandria 3168:See also: 3043:emigration 2950:Continuity 2912:to settle 2819:Pandora II 2496:, whether 2451:sacrifices 2433:ὁμόγλωσσον 2312:See also: 2226:Vallahades 2172:"Greeks" ( 2168:), so the 2125:, both in 1997:(see also 1873:, as the " 1752:See also: 1725:Common Era 1706:Saint Paul 1636:kingdoms, 1630:Indo-Greek 1552:Lysimachus 1502:Alexandria 1476:Tajikistan 1449:Macedonian 1257:Euhemerism 1195:Asia Minor 1179:Aegean Sea 1053:known as " 954:Alexandria 922:Cappadocia 918:Asia Minor 910:Bronze Age 843:native to 768:Including 654:Kazakhstan 634:Uzbekistan 21854:Name days 21767:Mythology 21655:Antiquity 21574:Tsampouna 21562:Tambouras 21538:Pan flute 21468:Skyladiko 21432:Nisiotika 21397:Zeibekiko 21357:Pentozali 21349:Palamakia 21329:Pidikhtos 21289:Gaitanaki 21159:Bulgarian 21151:Aromanian 21080:Tsakonian 21031:Greeklish 20995:Languages 20984:Xinomavro 20976:Savatiano 20936:Kotsifali 20928:Assyrtiko 20874:Skordalia 20849:Hilopites 20785:Metsovone 20743:Tsikoudia 20731:Sideritis 20557:Theophany 20480:Christmas 20464:Greektown 20449:Festivals 20434:Tsarouchi 20329:Arvanites 20128:renewable 20099:Companies 20073:companies 19992:Anarchism 19978:Socialism 19853:hospitals 19839:Education 19773:Alliances 19768:Air Force 19682:Terrorism 19593:Parataxis 19580:Elections 19570:Presidium 19519:President 19497:Executive 19277:Volcanoes 19249:Mountains 19139:Corinthia 19039:Macedonia 19033:Zakynthos 19017:Kefalonia 18937:Karpathos 18903:Santorini 18853:Heraklion 18835:Phthiotis 18827:Evrytania 18811:Acarnania 18739:Geography 18609:Byzantine 18569:Civil war 18372:Roman era 18297:Antiquity 18120:Georgians 18115:Filipinos 18105:Bavarians 18090:Assyrians 17981:Italians 17972:Armenians 17964:Souliotes 17943:Arvanites 17937:Albanians 17680:Religious 16920:31 August 16076:31 August 15804:2397-334X 15715:31 August 15368:31 August 15121:195042286 15099:: 29–43. 14880:251843620 14854:0036-8075 14799:0028-0836 14754:31 August 14166:31 August 13810:(2010) . 13514:0092-8674 12805:161584160 12595:4 October 12473:247231413 12396:1018-4813 12319:Figure 4B 12216:(1): e4. 11542:Harl 1996 11475:Fong 2004 11068:Puri 1987 10755:Tatz 2003 10021:7 January 9682:Histories 9678:Herodotus 9666:Nagy 2014 9428:ὁμότροπος 9413:7 October 9202:235010971 8817:Page 2008 8654:Page 2008 8535:Epistulae 8511:Earl 1968 8439:(1): 19. 8337:Zoch 2000 7894:Hall 2014 7633:19 August 7507:ignored ( 7497:cite book 7487:9 January 7190:families. 7127:(INSTAT). 7105:politics. 7098:5 October 6787:Mariupol. 6698:21 August 6367:14 August 6340:Cole 2011 6204:Citations 6043:Arvanites 5844:Australia 5698:1914–1923 5680:New World 5648:Phanariot 5484:Black Sea 5226:Venetians 5207:Ukrainian 5149:Romanians 5141:Albanians 5125:autosomal 5059:In their 5041:autosomal 4966:Caliphate 4893:Black Sea 4856:otchestvo 4794:(Crete), 4683:oligarchy 4657:Democracy 4334:Mycenaean 4318:Philip II 4240:geography 4236:astronomy 3775:Greek art 3697:Christian 3618:Aromanian 3598:Tsakonian 3536:Bulgarian 3467:) or the 3363:in 1974. 3337:Australia 3158:Sao Paulo 3150:Vancouver 3135:Melbourne 3072:Black Sea 2995:barbarian 2940:Aristotle 2849:Etymology 2839:Aristotle 2831:Deucalion 2795:Deucalion 2775:Aristotle 2767:Deucalion 2741:Achilleus 2502:Byzantine 2498:Mycenaean 2401:Herodotus 2230:Macedonia 2210:devshirme 2166:milletler 2143:devshirme 2135:Albanians 2036:in 1453. 1848:Heraclius 1691:culture. 1616:barbarian 1540:Cassander 1468:Gaugamela 1331:Aristotle 1279:Classical 1169:known as 1143:Mycenaean 1048:Mycenaean 894:Black Sea 873:Black Sea 835:) are an 724:Languages 474:Argentina 174:Australia 67: 14 22011:Category 21902:Football 21887:Baseball 21803:Daedalus 21787:Odysseus 21783:Heracles 21722:Hinduism 21636:Buddhism 21610:and lore 21608:Religion 21588:Rebetiko 21558:Souravli 21554:Santouri 21546:Psaltery 21542:Phorminx 21514:Floghera 21502:Politiki 21486:Bouzouki 21448:Thracian 21407:Éntekhno 21393:Tsamikos 21353:Partalos 21321:Kleistos 21297:Hasapiko 21285:Fisounis 21218:Internet 21190:Proverbs 21129:Medieval 21052:dialects 21035:numerals 20960:Malvasia 20892:Souvlaki 20886:Tzatziki 20872:Sauces ( 20845:Flomaria 20819:Tiropita 20803:Bougatsa 20789:Mizithra 20777:Ladotyri 20765:Graviera 20739:Tsipouro 20727:Rakomelo 20713:Drinks ( 20664:Tsoureki 20660:Paximadi 20652:Kritsini 20646:Breads ( 20478:Carols ( 20454:Folklore 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12735:Archived 12692:Archived 12655:Archived 12650:BBC News 12622:Archived 12589:Archived 12414:28272534 12354:38065079 12345:10752003 12285:25475102 12242:18208329 12189:17357081 12140:11032788 12091:12355353 12042:22406638 12034:18269686 11999:19707526 11950:17436249 11861:14533184 11826:18758442 11769:16945780 11761:18691889 11693:Archived 11669:Archived 11639:Archived 11340:Archived 11298:Archived 11226:Archived 11104:Archived 11025:Archived 10991:Archived 10961:Archived 10928:Archived 10897:Archived 10893:"Greece" 10808:29 April 10776:Archived 10675:Archived 10644:Archived 10613:Archived 10489:Archived 10404:Archived 10285:Archived 10249:Archived 10245:85373407 10166:Archived 10101:Archived 10045:Archived 9788:Hesiod. 9757:Archived 9715:Archived 9527:(1477). 9431:Archived 9363:Archived 9340:Archived 9273:Archived 9224:Archived 9159:Archived 9077:Archived 9047:Archived 9005:Archived 8916:Archived 8838:Archived 8727:Archived 8688:Archived 8576:Archived 8358:Archived 8261:Archived 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4642:Politics 4306:Pap test 4252:medicine 3946:Vangelis 3724:Romaniot 3666:Istanbul 3636:Religion 3568:Dimotiki 3554:and the 3532:Albanian 3513:Almagest 3501:Cyrillic 3481:Linear B 3461:Armenian 3408:Language 3398:genocide 3310:shippers 3194:and the 3154:Auckland 3146:Montreal 3111:omogenia 3082:Diaspora 3070:and the 2990:alphabet 2895:singular 2806:Hesiodic 2791:Achelous 2789:and the 2785:between 2691:Achaeans 2679:Hellenes 2635:Achaeans 2538:Hellenes 2534:Apostles 2428:language 2420:hómaimon 2374:Identity 2328:Ottomans 2304:church. 1939:Rhomaioi 1909:Rhōmaîoi 1892:Hellenes 1865:crowned 1824:citizens 1814:Rhōmaîoi 1791:Basil II 1789:Emperor 1742:Hellenes 1738:Rhōmaîoi 1714:Hellenes 1710:Tsakonia 1566:Bust of 1536:Diadochi 1510:Seleucia 1472:Pakistan 1460:Granicus 1369:Theogony 1323:Socrates 1265:Poseidon 1171:Linear B 1163:Linear A 1117:Achaeans 1071:Hellenic 882:omogenia 877:diaspora 857:Anatolia 784:Hellenes 736:Religion 534:Bulgaria 41:Hellenes 21944:Symbols 21897:Cricket 21844:Sikhism 21839:Psychai 21823:Centaur 21811:Theseus 21807:Orpheus 21799:Perseus 21795:Oedipus 21741:History 21737:Judaism 21621:Origins 21578:Tympano 21570:Trigono 21550:Salpinx 21510:Crotala 21454:Hip Hop 21420:Epirote 21373:Sirtaki 21309:Kangeli 21293:Geranos 21185:exonyms 21175:Turkish 21125:Ancient 21095:History 21084:Yevanic 21064:Cypriot 21044:Demotic 21019:Braille 21007:History 20968:Retsina 20940:Lesbian 20906:Epirote 20867:Taverna 20859:Kafenio 20839:Pasta ( 20781:Manouri 20769:Kasseri 20753:Cheeses 20735:Tentura 20715:Mastika 20695:Pasteli 20648:Daktyla 20639:Cuisine 20623:Ancient 20619:Theatre 20594:Castles 20541:Ohi Day 20509:Paideia 20499:Mountza 20406:Chlamys 20370:Culture 20274:Society 20228:Tourism 20177:history 20132:nuclear 20119:Drachma 20079:Banking 20048:Economy 19918:Fascism 19861:smoking 19857:obesity 19798:Evzones 19559:Speaker 19504:Cabinet 19458:, 2019) 19390:Mammals 19385:Forests 19360:Climate 19253:Olympus 19231:Islands 19226:Geology 19209:Terrain 19195:Rhodope 19177:Trikala 19169:Larissa 19143:Laconia 19135:Argolis 19131:Arcadia 19059:Imathia 19055:Grevena 19051:Florina 19025:Lefkada 19021:Kythira 18995:Preveza 18957:Nisyros 18949:Leipsoi 18891:Mykonos 18883:Kythnos 18861:Lasithi 18819:Boeotia 18807:Aetolia 18791:Regions 18766:capital 18757:Borders 18524:Kingdom 18229:History 18125:Indians 18110:Chinese 18100:British 18080:African 15813:9911347 15769:1291324 14831:Science 14808:5565772 14779:Bibcode 14548:3591389 13962:Bibcode 13721:21 June 13523:8127963 12830:2672905 12698:25 July 12687:Reuters 12661:25 July 12457:bioRvix 12405:5437898 12277:7520820 12233:2211544 12180:1852723 12131:1288566 11990:2730349 11941:1852743 11890:255–301 11817:2735096 11796:Bibcode 11739:Bibcode 11699:21 June 11530:Phaidon 11528:Plato. 11411:, p. 20 11394:Clogg, 10903:4 April 10782:21 June 10172:21 June 10107:21 June 10077:11 June 9965:Science 9923:Alexiad 9693:Homer. 9578:glory." 9575:produce 9337:ὅμαιμος 9230:21 June 9165:24 June 9053:21 June 9011:21 June 8582:21 June 8364:21 June 8267:21 June 8222:15 June 8024:21 June 7847:3 March 7437:31 July 7005:1 March 6979:6 March 6302:status. 6083:Maniots 5956:Armenia 5952:Georgia 5758:Tenedos 5664:Events 5424:Dorians 5422:begin. 5392:Knossos 5345:Events 5246:Maniots 5211:Russian 5167:, and F 5165:Basques 4993:magnate 4938:navarch 4914:Phaidon 4778:in the 4523:Symbols 4366:insulin 4350:Z-group 4280:Paideia 4276:paideia 4268:Antioch 4189:Science 4090:winner 3747:Lebanon 3720:Mormons 3630:Russian 3606:Yevanic 3582:Cypriot 3548:Turkish 3455:of the 3378:Culture 3345:Germany 3299:Britain 3297:), and 3206:and in 3164:Ancient 3143:Toronto 3119:Chicago 3054:urban. 2976:Chinese 2929:*ǵerh₂- 2905:Graikós 2899:Γραικός 2890:Graikoí 2884:Γραικοί 2873:Graecus 2865:Graecia 2835:Graikoi 2829:, when 2815:Graecus 2804:In the 2750:Γραικοί 2685:in the 2671:Argives 2667:Danaans 2654:Odyssey 2518:Graikoi 2514:Romaioi 2470:customs 2468:shared 2445:shared 2426:shared 2414:ὅμαιμον 2409:descent 2407:shared 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