441:
1066:
6467:
279:
6477:
6487:
32:
2559:
individual scribe consistently writes "Special
Mycenaean" forms. This inconsistency makes the variation between "Normal Mycenaean" and "Special Mycenaean" unlikely to represent dialectical or sociolectical differences, as these would be expected to concentrate in individual speakers, which is not observed in the Linear B corpus.
2558:
The evidence for "Special
Mycenaean" as a distinct dialect has, however, been challenged. Thompson argues that Risch's evidence does not meet the diagnostic criteria to reconstruct two dialects within Mycenaean. In particular, more recent paleographical study, not available to Risch, shows that no
2538:
representing the official language of the palace records and the ruling aristocracy. When the 'Mycenaean linguistic koine' fell into disuse after the fall of the palaces because the script was no longer used, the underlying dialects would have continued to develop in their own ways. That view was
1056:
Thus, determining the actual pronunciation of written words is often difficult, and using a combination of the PIE etymology of a word, its form in later Greek and variations in spelling is necessary. Even so, for some words the pronunciation is not known exactly, especially when the meaning is
2554:
also support this view of the 'Mycenaean linguistic koine'. (The term 'Mycenaean koine' is also used by archaeologists to refer to the material culture of the region.) However, since the Linear B script does not indicate several possible dialectical features, such as the presence or absence of
1052:
The length of vowels and consonants is not notated. In most circumstances, the script is unable to notate a consonant not followed by a vowel. Either an extra vowel is inserted (often echoing the quality of the following vowel), or the consonant is omitted. (See above for more details.)
2524:(1966) postulated the existence of some dialects within Linear B. The "Normal Mycenaean" would have been the standardized language of the tablets, and the "Special Mycenaean" represented some local vernacular dialect (or dialects) of the particular scribes producing the tablets.
2530:
It follows that after the collapse of
Mycenaean Greece, while the standardized Mycenaean language was no longer used, the particular local dialects reflecting local vernacular speech would have continued, eventually producing the various Greek dialects of the historic period.
7147:
2460:
The earliest generally-accepted date for a Linear B tablet belongs to the tablets from the 'Room of the
Chariot Tablets' at Knossos, which are believed to date to the LM II-LM IIIA period, between the last half of the 15th century BCE and the earliest years of the 14th.
427:
The texts on the tablets are mostly lists and inventories. No prose narrative survives, much less myth or poetry. Still, much may be gleaned from these records about the people who produced them and about
Mycenaean Greece, the period before the so-called
1103:, the sounds of Mycenaean are not fully represented. A limited number of syllabic characters must represent a much greater number of syllables used in spoken speech: in particular, the Linear B script only fully represents
2456:
has been claimed as the oldest known
Mycenaean inscription, with a purported date to the 17th century BC. However, its authenticity is widely doubted, and most scholarly treatments of Linear B omit it from their corpora.
3055:
Aura Jorro, Francisco (2017). "Reflexiones sobre el léxico micénico". In de la Villa, Jesús; Falque Rey, Emma; González Castro, José Francisco; Muñoz Jiménez, María José (eds.).
2567:
While the use of
Mycenaean Greek may have ceased with the fall of the Mycenaean civilization, some traces of it are found in the later Greek dialects. In particular,
2527:
Thus, "a particular scribe, distinguished by his handwriting, reverted to the dialect of his everyday speech" and used the variant forms, such as the examples above.
3559:
2968:
7362:
2937:
BARTONEK, A. 1966 'Mycenaean Koine reconsidered', Cambridge
Colloquium on Mycenaean Studies' (CCMS) ed. by L. R. Palmer and John Chadwick, C.U.P. pp.95–103
2928:
Studia
Mycenaea : proceedings of the Mycenaean symposium, Brno, 1966. Bartoněk, Antonín (editor). Vyd. 1. Brno: Universita J.E. Purkyně, 1968, pp. -51
891:
probably represents *dy, initial *y, *ky, *gy. It is uncertain how it was pronounced. It may have represented a pair of voiceless and voiced affricates
7367:
7190:
2555:
word-initial aspiration and the length of vowels, it is unsafe to extrapolate that Linear B texts were read as consistently as they were written.
3614:
3510:
2955:
Duhoux, Y. (1985), 'Mycénien et écriture grecque', in A. Morpurgo Davies and Y. Duhoux (eds.), Linear B: A 1984 Survey (Louvain-La-Neuve): 7–74
2544:
1434:
can. However, these are not true homophones (characters with the same sound) because the correspondence does not necessarily work both ways:
7086:
2469:
While the
Mycenaean dialect is relatively uniform at all the centres where it is found, there are also a few traces of dialectal variants:
2925:
1369:
19:
This article is about the Greek language as spoken in the Late Bronze Age. For the later dialect used in Achaea and the Peloponnese, see
6918:
5214:
440:
2842:
Helena Tomas (2017) "Linear B Script and Linear B Administrative System: Different Patterns in Their Development" in P. Steele (ed.)
2734:, ed. Peter Forster and Colin Renfrew (Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research), 2006, p. 140, citing Ivo Hajnal,
915:
deriving from Pre-Greek clusters of a voiceless or voiceless aspirated velar stop + *y (*ky, *kʰy, *kʷy, kʷʰy) and corresponding to
7157:
6523:
2908:
2975:, in M. Silk and A. Georgakopoulou (eds.) Standard Languages and Language Standards: Greek, Past and Present (Ashgate 2009), 33–45
7122:
2643:
7352:
1747:
Mycenaean had already undergone the following sound changes particular to the Greek language and so is considered to be Greek:
96:
3589:, an online collection of video lectures on Ancient Indo-European languages, including some information about Mycenaean Greek
3412:
3064:
3025:
2670:
68:
7183:
4602:
7357:
7342:
3607:
1032:
750:
708:
348:
317:
3328:
Palaima, Thomas G. (1988). "The development of the Mycenaean writing system". In Olivier, J. P.; Palaima, T. G. (eds.).
2871:
The Scribes of the Room of the Chariot Tablets at Knossos: Interdisciplinary Approach to the Study of a Linear B Deposit
5224:
4914:
4607:
4541:
3564:
75:
4612:
4587:
3582:
Studies in Mycenaean Inscriptions and Dialect, glossaries of individual Mycenaean terms, tablet, and series citations
3477:
3144:
3123:
3092:
2627:
1107:(those ending in vowel sounds), where Mycenaean Greek frequently used closed syllables (those ending in consonants).
115:
3332:. Suplementos a "Minos". Vol. 10. Salamanca: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. pp. 269–342.
1901:
6421:
5170:
4597:
4592:
2965:
49:
7176:
7076:
5064:
4924:
4919:
4196:
3560:
Jeremy B. Rutter, "Bibliography: The Linear B Tablets and Mycenaean Social, Political, and Economic Organization"
3525:
307:
82:
3489:
A Mycenaean Iliad: A linguistic reconstruction of the opening one hundred lines of the Iliad in Normal Mycenaean
6448:
5089:
4503:
3600:
53:
385:, a script first attested on Crete before the 14th century BC. Most inscriptions are on clay tablets found in
7081:
6986:
6443:
6000:
5493:
5009:
4929:
4627:
4337:
2186:
Modern translation by Wiseman (2010) of the first five lines of the Iliad into reconstructed Mycenaean Greek
253:
64:
6815:
6516:
6416:
4945:
4399:
3549:
2534:
Such theories are also connected with the idea that the Mycenaean language constituted a type of a special
910:
894:
768:
668:
559:
1808:
1797:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1635:
1533:
1203:
1046:
1042:
998:
947:
880:
845:
837:
799:
795:
791:
651:
646:
639:
634:
618:
573:
6745:
5471:
5079:
4955:
4617:
4571:
4526:
4302:
3991:
3424:
2441:
The corpus of Mycenaean-era Greek writing consists of some 6,000 tablets and potsherds in Linear B, from
1065:
681:
6010:
2730:
Andrew Garrett, "Convergence in the formation of Indo-European subgroups: Phylogeny and chronology", in
6132:
6005:
5138:
5133:
5109:
5019:
4536:
3634:
3539:
3396:
2619:
1008:
783:
699:
552:
545:
413:, in Western Crete. The language is named after Mycenae, one of the major centres of Mycenaean Greece.
2144:
2072:
2058:
2020:
1980:
337:
This article contains text in the Linear B syllabic script and characters used to write reconstructed
7337:
7132:
6787:
6490:
6433:
5389:
5192:
5177:
5099:
5034:
4354:
4249:
3723:
3657:
1639:
1537:
1030:
1022:
1014:
1006:
926:
924:
908:
902:
900:
892:
604:
299:
Greece, when Mycenaean Greek would have been spoken, and so can be used as an estimator of the range.
5001:
4981:
4179:
3837:
2831:
7332:
7050:
6890:
5187:
5150:
5084:
4750:
4637:
2576:
381:
for the introduction of the Greek language to Greece. The language is preserved in inscriptions in
2787:
2769:
7112:
7060:
6991:
6910:
6509:
6470:
5594:
5394:
5379:
5182:
5165:
5145:
5114:
5014:
4950:
4566:
4551:
4521:
4482:
4359:
4211:
3713:
3422:
Ventris, Michael; Chadwick, John (1953). "Evidence for Greek dialect in the Mycenaean archives".
2738:. Berlin, 1995, with the proviso that "the Mycenaean case system is still controversial in part".
1698:
1595:
1576:
597:
590:
567:
344:
179:
42:
7347:
7021:
6929:
6838:
6667:
6428:
5431:
5202:
5160:
5094:
5059:
4511:
4495:
4191:
4132:
3981:
3976:
2984:
Thompson, R. (2006) 'Special vs. Normal Mycenaean Revisited.' Minos 37–38, 2002–2003 , 337–369.
2572:
1374:
993:. Voiced, voiceless and aspirate occlusives are all written with the same symbols except that
7137:
7025:
6945:
6924:
6875:
6480:
5709:
5699:
5689:
5674:
5364:
5104:
5074:
5029:
5024:
4655:
4622:
4424:
4329:
4315:
3971:
3842:
3806:
2540:
1024:
726:
689:
516:
509:
445:
89:
3193:
Colvin, Stephen (2006). "Autosegmental Phonology and Word-Internal -h- in Mycenaean Greek".
377:
7262:
7127:
7107:
7055:
6955:
6914:
6584:
5952:
5946:
5932:
5416:
5374:
5346:
5231:
5044:
4274:
4070:
1742:
772:
612:
3586:
416:
The tablets long remained undeciphered, and many languages were suggested for them, until
8:
7102:
6950:
6730:
6688:
6556:
6083:
6053:
5441:
5336:
5331:
4768:
4083:
3996:
3966:
3920:
3683:
2568:
1836:
1627:
1264:
are omitted at the end of a syllable or before another consonant (including word-initial
1122:
1016:
660:
628:
453:
338:
20:
3581:
2905:
2127:
2110:
1937:
6880:
6777:
6566:
6300:
6197:
6103:
5747:
5664:
5552:
5054:
4878:
4394:
4374:
4231:
4102:
3986:
3781:
3708:
3504:
3466:
3449:
3441:
3298:
3202:
3163:
1683:
1631:
1615:
1588:
1584:
1529:
1525:
466:
184:
3544:
3281:
Jiménez Delgado, José Miguel (January 2009). "La situación de *h en griego micénico".
269:
7006:
6971:
6833:
6809:
6476:
6375:
5962:
5511:
5359:
5311:
5155:
5124:
5069:
4986:
4863:
4735:
4556:
4389:
4342:
4282:
4156:
4138:
4114:
4096:
4051:
4006:
4001:
3652:
3473:
3453:
3408:
3302:
3140:
3119:
3088:
3060:
3021:
2994:
2816:
2666:
2623:
2442:
1667:
1623:
1619:
1599:
1517:
1118:
742:
583:
486:
476:
2535:
313:
7042:
7011:
6885:
6754:
6576:
6305:
5837:
5802:
5619:
5476:
5354:
5241:
5236:
4561:
4516:
4347:
4254:
3870:
3703:
3688:
3678:
3433:
3400:
3368:
3290:
3269:
3214:
3134:
2613:
2591:
1691:
1659:
1647:
1580:
1545:
1493:
1355:
Other consonant clusters are dissolved orthographically, creating apparent vowels:
958:
471:
449:
368:
3050:. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Instituto de Filología.
16:
Earliest attested form of the Greek language, from the 16th to the 12th century BC
7152:
7142:
6848:
6561:
6551:
6320:
6078:
5866:
5679:
5287:
5219:
4546:
4144:
4126:
4120:
4034:
4011:
3885:
3796:
3756:
3693:
3461:
3015:
2998:
2972:
2912:
2453:
2446:
1655:
1651:
1505:
1497:
1399:
1200:
1100:
790:. In other ancient Greek varieties, labialized velars were replaced with labials
718:
503:
481:
429:
417:
372:
171:
139:
6860:
6345:
6058:
7298:
7200:
7001:
6996:
6981:
6865:
6853:
6636:
6532:
6202:
6142:
6137:
6093:
5874:
5822:
5812:
5792:
5782:
5526:
5521:
5516:
4369:
4168:
4162:
4150:
3950:
3925:
3698:
3623:
3496:
3273:
2901:
2549:
1470:
are interpreted as special cases or 'restricted applications' of signs such as
1104:
983:
532:
406:
360:
210:
189:
3404:
2449:. No Linear B monuments or non-Linear B transliterations have yet been found.
1701:
is almost entirely absent from Mycenaean Greek with only one known exception,
7326:
7280:
7117:
7016:
6843:
6828:
6796:
6740:
6735:
6710:
6610:
6438:
6355:
6330:
6020:
5942:
5624:
5567:
5466:
5456:
5426:
5408:
5282:
4434:
4216:
4108:
4064:
4026:
3865:
3786:
3218:
3111:
2202:
1679:
1663:
1607:
1549:
1521:
1513:
1501:
1457:
For that reason, they are referred to as 'overlapping values': signs such as
776:
538:
496:
246:
3294:
1057:
unclear from context, or the word has no descendants in the later dialects.
7307:
6870:
6823:
6803:
6678:
6649:
6546:
6255:
6207:
6073:
5927:
5797:
5436:
5272:
4778:
4740:
4439:
3230:
1852:
1848:
1840:
1675:
1671:
1611:
1553:
3391:
Thompson, Rupert (2024). "The Mycenaean Language". In Killen, John (ed.).
3154:
Chadwick, John; Baumbach, Lydia (1963). "The Mycenaean Greek Vocabulary".
2436:
1480:, and their use as largely a matter of an individual scribe's preference.
237:
7289:
6772:
6764:
6722:
6705:
6700:
6623:
6275:
6167:
6147:
5975:
5483:
5461:
5451:
5446:
5369:
5326:
4873:
4783:
4773:
4660:
4650:
4414:
3791:
3766:
2580:
2521:
1844:
1832:
1828:
1509:
1110:
1088:
841:
421:
394:
5980:
3206:
3167:
931:
deriving from Pre-Greek clusters of a voiced dental or velar stop + *y (
6212:
6182:
6177:
6162:
6048:
6015:
5684:
5654:
5321:
5049:
4883:
4725:
4720:
4710:
4695:
4680:
4670:
4645:
4021:
3776:
3731:
3570:
3373:
3356:
1687:
1603:
1561:
1557:
1489:
296:
3445:
7032:
6187:
6113:
6098:
6068:
6063:
5995:
5919:
5904:
5889:
5832:
5732:
5384:
5316:
4888:
4868:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4793:
4788:
4758:
4705:
4665:
4444:
4310:
4264:
4244:
3875:
3746:
2419:
2376:
2333:
2290:
2247:
2101:
1573:
1382:
1343:
1322:
1299:
1281:
1219:
1191:
1180:
1152:
1146:
962:
826:
815:
262:
230:
2594:
also shows some similarity to Arcadocypriot and to Mycenaean Greek.
278:
31:
6976:
6237:
6227:
6217:
6192:
5970:
5937:
5899:
5842:
5757:
5742:
5599:
5589:
5506:
5501:
4898:
4893:
4853:
4848:
4823:
4803:
4730:
4685:
4675:
4531:
4429:
4364:
4292:
3900:
3437:
3382:
Thompson, Rupert (2006). "Special vs. Normal Mycenaean Revisited".
3359:[Indo-European Heritage in Mycenaean Maritime Onomastics].
2844:
Understanding Relations Between Scripts: The Aegean Writing Systems
1913:
1569:
1565:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1078:
1070:
976:
969:
954:
382:
325:
217:
5990:
1715:
Fr 1184), but even that appears elsewhere without the augment, as
6501:
6380:
6370:
6315:
6310:
6295:
6285:
6270:
6265:
6152:
6040:
6030:
5909:
5884:
5879:
5852:
5847:
5827:
5817:
5807:
5772:
5762:
5752:
5704:
5694:
5669:
5634:
5629:
5604:
5257:
5039:
4700:
4690:
4449:
4419:
4409:
4404:
4384:
4379:
4259:
4206:
3915:
3905:
3895:
3890:
3880:
3592:
3177:
A History of Ancient Greek: From the Beginnings to Late Antiquity
1726:
1349:
849:
398:
386:
321:
150:
7168:
6325:
5639:
3575:
3260:
Ittzés, Máté (December 2004). "The Augment in Mycenaean Greek".
1572:
remain as separate cases with their own morphological markings.
6350:
6280:
6260:
6222:
6088:
5894:
5787:
5724:
5714:
5659:
5277:
5262:
4858:
4843:
4818:
4813:
4798:
4459:
4454:
4221:
4201:
3945:
3935:
3930:
3801:
3761:
3751:
3736:
3492:
3235:
The Riddle of the Labyrinth: The Quest to Crack an Ancient Code
2584:
2156:
1966:
1643:
1541:
410:
402:
284:
3341:. Incunabula Graeca. Vol. 87. Rome: Edizioni dell'Ateneo.
3321:
A companion to Linear B: Mycenaean Greek texts and their world
6360:
6335:
6232:
6172:
6157:
6025:
5985:
5737:
5649:
5644:
5614:
5609:
5584:
5267:
4808:
4763:
4715:
4287:
4239:
3940:
3910:
3857:
3832:
3771:
3741:
2750:
2712:
2644:"Cracking the code: the decipherment of Linear B 60 years on"
2571:
is believed to be rather close to Mycenaean Greek; it was an
2410:
2401:
2367:
2358:
2324:
2315:
2281:
2272:
2238:
2229:
2168:
2161:
2133:
2125:
2094:
2087:
2046:
2039:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1959:
1952:
1925:
1918:
1730:
1712:
1389:
1362:
1337:
1317:
1311:
1293:
1275:
1213:
1174:
1140:
867:
854:
809:
390:
364:
292:
288:
154:
2700:
6365:
6340:
6290:
5777:
5767:
862:
2180:
940:
324:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
295:. The geographical data is believed to refer primarily to
3357:"Indoeuropsko naslijeđe u mikenskoj pomorskoj onomastici"
1410:
Certain characters can be used alternately: for example,
802:, depending on the context and the dialect. For example,
3225:. London: Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.
2798:
3057:
Conuentus Classicorum: temas y formas del Mundo Clásico
2897:
2895:
2893:
923:
in Greek varieties written in the Greek alphabet, and
2966:'The Greek koine and the logic of a standard language'
2926:
Greek dialectology after the decipherment of Linear B.
1125:
were not marked for any consonants except the dentals
3318:
3309:
2665:(1st ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 17.
2539:
formulated by Antonin Bartonek. Other linguists like
2390:
2347:
2304:
2261:
2218:
2141:
2107:
2069:
2055:
2028:
2017:
1988:
1977:
1934:
1898:
1716:
1702:
1471:
1458:
1448:
1435:
1421:
1411:
1356:
1331:
1305:
1287:
1269:
1225:
1207:
1186:
1168:
1134:
821:
803:
371:(16th to 12th centuries BC), before the hypothesised
2890:
2732:
Phylogenetic methods and the prehistory of languages
848:
was preserved in some Greek dialects and written as
3587:
glottothèque – Ancient Indo-European Grammar online
2792:
Palaeolexicon. Word study tool of ancient languages
2774:
Palaeolexicon. Word study tool of ancient languages
2464:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3465:
3319:Morpurgo Davies, Anna; Duhoux, Yves, eds. (2008).
3310:Morpurgo Davies, Anna; Duhoux, Yves, eds. (1985).
1811:or replaced by z (exact value unknown, possibly ).
3253:Greek: A history of the language and its speakers
3213:
3186:A Historical Greek Reader: Mycenaean to the Koiné
7324:
3153:
2946:Palmer, L.R. (1980), The Greek Language, London.
2307:𐀡𐀩𐀷𐀆𐄁𐀂𐀠𐀴𐀗𐄁𐀢𐀱𐀏𐄁𐀀𐀹𐀅𐄁𐀡𐀫𐀊𐀟𐀮𐄁
3828:
3571:Program in Aegean Scripts and Prehistory (PASP)
3460:
3421:
3280:
3045:
2756:
2718:
2706:
1974:Greek forms of words known in other languages:
3354:
2611:
2403:oywonoyhi=kʷe pansi, Diwos=de ekʷeleeto gʷōlā,
2335:pollā̀s d' iphthī́mous psūkhā̀s Áïdi proḯapsen
2317:polewas=de ipʰtʰimons psūkʰans Awidāy proyapse
7184:
6517:
3608:
3262:Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
1729:Od 681). The augment is sometimes omitted in
957:script used to record Mycenaean is extremely
935:), or in certain instances from word-initial
7087:Institute for Language and Speech Processing
3472:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
3175:Christidis, Anastasios-Phoivos, ed. (2007).
3118:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2885:Les differences dialectales dans le mycenien
2393:𐀃𐀺𐀜𐀂𐀤𐄁𐀞𐀯𐄁𐀇𐀺𐀆𐄁𐀁𐀤𐀩𐀁𐀵𐄁𐀦𐀨𐄁
2264:𐀃𐀫𐀕𐀙𐄁𐁀𐀘𐀹𐀊𐄁𐀀𐀏𐀺𐄁𐀀𐀑𐀊𐄁𐀁𐀳𐀐𐄁
2221:𐀗𐀛𐄁𐀀𐀸𐀆𐄁𐀳𐀀𐄁𐀟𐀩𐀷𐀆𐀃𐀍𐄁𐀀𐀑𐀩𐀺𐄁
907:(marked with asterisks in the table above):
7363:Languages attested from the 16th century BC
2274:olomenān, hā=murwia Akʰaywoys algya etʰēke,
7191:
7177:
6524:
6510:
4494:
3615:
3601:
3567:(contains an image of the Kafkania pebble)
3509:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3223:Greek Scripts: An Illustrated Introduction
3174:
3054:
2421:oiōnoîsí te pâsi, Diòs d᾽ eteleíeto boulḗ,
2412:οἰωνοῖσί τε πᾶσι, Διὸς δ᾽ ἐτελείετο βουλή,
2292:ouloménēn, hḕ mūrí᾽ Akhaioîs álge᾽ éthēke,
1113:simplifications therefore had to be made:
1069:Inscription of Mycenaean Greek written in
277:
3372:
3323:. Vol. 1. Louvain, Belgium: Peeters.
3076:A companion to the Ancient Greek language
2663:Ancient Greece: A Very Short Introduction
2660:
2378:hērṓōn, autoùs dè helṓria teûkhe kúnessin
2326:πολλᾱ̀ς δ᾽ ἰφθῑ́μους ψῡχᾱ̀ς Ἄϊδι προΐαψεν
2231:Monin aweyde Tʰeha Pelewadeohyo Akʰilēwos
359:is the most ancient attested form of the
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
7368:Languages extinct in the 12th century BC
7158:Comparison of Ancient Greek dictionaries
3390:
3381:
3355:Smodlaka Vitas, Sanja (7 January 2019).
3255:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
3250:
3179:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3132:
3110:
3106:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3101:
3082:
2868:
2697:Ventris and Chadwick (1973) pages 42–48.
1859:
1064:
439:
3486:
3336:
3327:
2993:
2804:
2684:
2682:
2283:οὐλομένην, ἣ μῡρί᾽ Ἀχαιοῖς ἄλγε᾽ ἔθηκε,
2181:Comparison with Ancient (Homeric) Greek
1750:
1447:cannot necessarily be used in place of
1330:Double consonants are not represented:
1083:The Mycenaean language is preserved in
349:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
318:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
7325:
5548:
3578:, Word study tool of ancient languages
3361:Miscellanea Hadriatica et Mediterranea
3345:
3259:
3241:
3192:
3183:
3073:
3013:
2369:ἡρώων, αὐτοὺς δὲ ἑλώρια τεῦχε κύνεσσιν
2360:hērōwōn, awtons=de welōra tewkʰe kunsi
2350:𐀁𐀫𐀺𐄁𐁂𐀵𐀆𐄁𐀸𐀫𐀨𐄁𐀳𐀄𐀐𐄁𐀓𐀯𐄁
950:, which could be both short and long.
7172:
6505:
6405:
5547:
4976:
4480:
3827:
3647:
3596:
3237:(1st ed.). New York: Ecco Press.
2873:. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca.
2688:Ventris and Chadwick (1973) page 389.
2206:(Greek alphabet: modern orthography)
1528:: masculine, feminine, neuter; and 3
1087:writing, which consists of about 200
462:
6016:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
3648:
3393:The New Documents in Mycenaean Greek
2679:
2249:Mênin áeide theā̀ Pēlēïádeō Akhilêos
420:, building on the extensive work of
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
3246:. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press.
3229:
3085:Handbuch des mykenischen Griechisch
3046:Aura Jorro, Francisco (1985–1993).
2736:Studien zum mykenischen Kasussystem
2661:Cartledge, Paul (27 October 2011).
2199:Transliteration of Mycenaean Greek
1073:. Archaeological Museum of Mycenae.
397:. Other tablets have been found at
13:
6531:
4977:
3622:
3188:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2857:The Undeciphered Signs of Linear B
2240:Μῆνιν ἄειδε θεᾱ̀ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος
1095:. Since Linear B was derived from
887:The consonant usually transcribed
424:, deciphered the script in 1952.
389:, in central Crete, as well as in
14:
7379:
7198:
3519:
3059:. Vol. 1. pp. 289–320.
2209:Transliteration of Homeric Greek
1872:The third-person singular ending
1736:
1420:, can always be written wherever
767:Mycenaean preserves some archaic
749:
725:
707:
698:
680:
667:
611:
603:
596:
589:
566:
558:
551:
544:
515:
508:
6485:
6475:
6466:
6465:
2480:in the dative of consonant stems
2465:Variations and possible dialects
1889:
1099:, the script of an undeciphered
1045:is unwritten unless followed by
946:There were at least five vowels
30:
7241:300 BC – AD 600
7077:Hellenic Foundation for Culture
6486:
3074:Bakker, Egbert J., ed. (2010).
3020:. Routledge. pp. 220–221.
3007:
2987:
2978:
2958:
2949:
2940:
2931:
2918:
2877:
2862:
2849:
2836:
2810:
2780:
2762:
1548:had merged with other cases by
1406:Length of vowels is not marked.
1237:is optionally used to indicate
41:needs additional citations for
3139:. Cambridge University Press.
3017:Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece
2741:
2724:
2691:
2654:
2636:
2604:
1060:
775:features not present in later
1:
7353:Languages of ancient Thessaly
7246:
7238:
7230:
7222:
7214:
7082:Center for the Greek Language
6640:
6627:
6614:
6601:
6588:
4087:
4074:
4055:
4038:
3565:The writing of the Mycenaeans
2597:
1483:
953:As noted below, the syllabic
840:. Both were lost in standard
5215:Funeral and burial practices
4400:Military of Mycenaean Greece
3550:Resources in other libraries
3468:Documents in Mycenaean Greek
3350:. London: Faber & Faber.
3314:. Louvain, Belgium: Peeters.
3116:The Decipherment of Linear B
3104:The decipherment of Linear B
3014:Wilson, Nigel (2013-10-31).
2788:"The Linear B word wa-na-sa"
2770:"The Linear B word wa-na-ka"
2420:
2402:
2377:
2359:
2334:
2316:
2291:
2273:
2248:
2230:
2169:
2134:
2095:
2047:
2029:
2009:
1989:
1960:
1926:
1383:
1363:
1344:
1338:
1323:
1312:
1300:
1294:
1282:
1276:
1220:
1214:
1206:is generally not indicated:
1192:
1181:
1175:
1153:
1147:
1141:
827:
816:
810:
435:
363:, on the Greek mainland and
7:
3425:Journal of Hellenic Studies
3363:(in Croatian and English).
3346:Palmer, Leonard R. (1980).
3251:Horrocks, Geoffrey (2010).
3184:Colvin, Stephen C. (2007).
3087:. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.
2757:Ventris & Chadwick 1973
2719:Ventris & Chadwick 1973
2707:Ventris & Chadwick 1973
2562:
2014:, "overlord, king, leader")
987:⟨p t d k q z⟩
961:and distinguishes only the
784:labialized velar consonants
10:
7384:
7358:Languages of ancient Crete
7343:Varieties of Ancient Greek
5139:Greek Revival architecture
4481:
3464:; Chadwick, John (1973) .
3397:Cambridge University Press
3330:Texts, tablets and scribes
3274:10.1556/aant.44.2004.2-4.1
3083:Bartoněk, Antonin (2003).
3078:. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
3038:
2520:Based on such variations,
2434:
2411:
2391:
2368:
2348:
2325:
2305:
2282:
2262:
2239:
2219:
2162:
2142:
2126:
2108:
2088:
2070:
2056:
2040:
2018:
2002:
1978:
1953:
1935:
1919:
1899:
1767:Voiced aspirates devoiced.
1740:
1717:
1703:
1472:
1459:
1449:
1436:
1422:
1412:
1390:
1378:
1357:
1332:
1318:
1306:
1288:
1270:
1226:
1208:
1187:
1169:
1135:
1076:
868:
855:
822:
804:
393:, in the southwest of the
18:
7207:
7095:
7069:
7041:
6964:
6938:
6903:
6786:
6763:
6666:
6659:
6575:
6539:
6461:
6412:
6406:
6401:
6246:
6123:
6112:
6039:
5961:
5918:
5865:
5723:
5575:
5566:
5562:
5543:
5492:
5407:
5345:
5307:
5300:
5250:
5210:
5201:
5123:
5000:
4996:
4972:
4938:
4907:
4749:
4636:
4580:
4547:Attalid kings of Pergamon
4502:
4493:
4489:
4476:
4355:Antigonid Macedonian army
4328:
4301:
4273:
4230:
4187:
4178:
4020:
3959:
3856:
3852:
3823:
3722:
3671:
3667:
3643:
3630:
3545:Resources in your library
3405:10.1017/9781139029049.009
3244:Linear B: An introduction
2430:
1756:Initial and intervocalic
741:
717:
688:
659:
531:
502:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
304:
276:
260:
244:
228:
223:
207:
168:
160:
145:
135:
130:
1827:to /-si/ (also found in
1686:: first, second, third;
7113:Greek language question
3312:Linear B: A 1984 survey
3295:10.1515/KADMOS.2008.008
3133:Chadwick, John (1976).
3102:Chadwick, John (1958).
3003:. Edizioni dell'Ateneo.
2830:(2002–2003), p. 373-85
2648:University of Cambridge
2612:Chadwick, John (1976).
2515:te-mi-ti-ja/ti-mi-ti-ja
1167:are not distinguished:
943:in the Greek alphabet.
939:, and corresponding to
456:, 14th–13th century BC.
4581:Artists & scholars
4496:List of ancient Greeks
4133:Second Athenian League
3982:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
3807:Ancient Greek colonies
3242:Hooker, J. T. (1980).
2869:Driessen, Jan (2000).
2437:Linear B § Corpus
1895:Uniquely Greek words:
1878:The infinitive ending
1869:to produce agent nouns
1074:
879:The glottal fricative
457:
306:This article contains
5700:Sybaris on the Traeis
4425:Sacred Band of Thebes
4165:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
3679:Cycladic civilization
3487:Wiseman, Rob (2010).
3337:Palaima, Tom (1988).
2906:A Doric Fifth Column?
2883:RISCH, Ernst (1966),
2573:ancient Greek dialect
2541:Leonard Robert Palmer
1860:Morphological changes
1778:; syllabic nasals to
1327:("station, outpost").
1268:before a consonant):
1077:Further information:
1068:
973:⟨m n r⟩
443:
375:, often cited as the
7123:Morphemes in English
7108:Eteocypriot language
6540:Origin and genealogy
5225:mythological figures
4946:Ancient Greek tribes
4071:Peloponnesian League
3399:. pp. 232–254.
3339:The Scribes of Pylos
3000:The scribes of Pylos
1770:Syllabic liquids to
1751:Phonological changes
1743:Proto-Greek language
1224:("reins"). However,
452:chamber tomb in the
164:16th–12th century BC
50:improve this article
7128:Terms of endearment
7103:Eteocretan language
7070:Promotion and study
6557:Pre-Greek substrate
5337:Tunnel of Eupalinos
5332:Theatre of Dionysus
4956:Ancient Macedonians
4572:Tyrants of Syracuse
4084:Amphictyonic League
3684:Minoan civilization
3136:The Mycenaean World
3048:Diccinario micénico
2924:Bartoněk, Antonín,
2855:Anna Judson (2020)
2615:The Mycenaean World
2569:Arcadocypriot Greek
2187:
1089:syllabic characters
989:; and (marginally)
966:⟨j w⟩
769:Proto-Indo-European
454:Acropolis of Athens
339:Proto-Indo-European
21:Achaean Doric Greek
7225:1600–1100 BC
7148:Greek Language Day
6778:Jewish Koine Greek
6567:Hellenic languages
6011:Menestheus's Limin
5665:Pandosia (Lucania)
5553:Greek colonisation
4915:Athenian statesmen
4676:Diogenes of Sinope
4537:Kings of Macedonia
4527:Kings of Commagene
4395:Macedonian phalanx
4375:Hellenistic armies
4123:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
3987:Indo-Greek Kingdom
3709:Hellenistic Greece
3374:10.15291/misc.2744
3348:The Greek language
2995:Palaima, Thomas G.
2971:2016-03-10 at the
2911:2019-08-02 at the
2887:. CCMS pp. 150–160
2650:. 15 January 2023.
2513:variation in e.g.
2196:(Linear B script)
2185:
1882:, contracted from
1241:at word beginning.
1075:
458:
446:boar's tusk helmet
444:Warrior wearing a
7320:
7319:
7315:
7314:
7217:3rd millennium BC
7166:
7165:
6972:Cypriot syllabary
6899:
6898:
6773:Hellenistic Koine
6499:
6498:
6457:
6456:
6397:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6389:
6388:
5963:Iberian Peninsula
5895:Lipara/Meligounis
5861:
5860:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5512:Cypriot syllabary
5403:
5402:
5312:Athenian Treasury
5296:
5295:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4557:Ptolemaic dynasty
4517:Archons of Athens
4472:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4343:Athenian military
4324:
4323:
4157:League of Corinth
4139:Thessalian League
4115:Chalcidian League
4097:Acarnanian League
4007:Ptolemaic Kingdom
3819:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3526:Library resources
3414:978-1-139-02904-9
3386:. 37–38: 337–369.
3215:Easterling, P. E.
3066:978-84-697-8214-9
3027:978-1-136-78799-7
2817:Thomas G. Palaima
2807:, pp. 30–40.
2672:978-0-19-960134-9
2490:as the reflex of
2428:
2427:
1692:verbal adjectives
1402:
1039:⟨r⟩
1003:⟨t⟩
995:⟨d⟩
991:⟨h⟩
980:⟨s⟩
788:⟨q⟩
765:
764:
631:
586:
541:
345:rendering support
332:
331:
314:rendering support
310:phonetic symbols.
126:
125:
118:
100:
65:"Mycenaean Greek"
7375:
7338:Mycenaean Greece
7255:
7250:
7248:
7242:
7240:
7234:
7233:800–300 BC
7232:
7226:
7224:
7218:
7216:
7210:
7209:
7193:
7186:
7179:
7170:
7169:
6891:Greco-Australian
6664:
6663:
6645:
6642:
6632:
6629:
6619:
6616:
6606:
6603:
6593:
6590:
6526:
6519:
6512:
6503:
6502:
6489:
6488:
6479:
6469:
6468:
6403:
6402:
6121:
6120:
5620:Heraclea Lucania
5573:
5572:
5564:
5563:
5545:
5544:
5305:
5304:
5237:Twelve Olympians
5208:
5207:
4998:
4997:
4974:
4973:
4562:Seleucid dynasty
4542:Kings of Paionia
4491:
4490:
4478:
4477:
4348:Scythian archers
4255:Graphe paranomon
4185:
4184:
4092:
4089:
4079:
4076:
4060:
4057:
4047:
4043:
4040:
3854:
3853:
3825:
3824:
3704:Classical Greece
3689:Mycenaean Greece
3669:
3668:
3645:
3644:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3594:
3593:
3514:
3508:
3500:
3483:
3471:
3462:Ventris, Michael
3457:
3418:
3387:
3378:
3376:
3351:
3342:
3333:
3324:
3315:
3306:
3277:
3268:(2–4): 143–150.
3256:
3247:
3238:
3226:
3210:
3189:
3180:
3171:
3162:(3/4): 157–271.
3150:
3129:
3107:
3098:
3079:
3070:
3051:
3032:
3031:
3011:
3005:
3004:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2976:
2964:Stephen Colvin,
2962:
2956:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2929:
2922:
2916:
2899:
2888:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2866:
2860:
2853:
2847:
2846:, pp. 57–68, n.2
2840:
2834:
2821:QVOVSQVE TANDEM?
2814:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2745:
2739:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2677:
2676:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2608:
2553:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2405:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2363:
2362:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2338:
2337:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2320:
2319:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2295:
2294:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2277:
2276:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2252:
2251:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2234:
2233:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2188:
2184:
2172:
2165:
2164:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2098:
2091:
2090:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2050:
2043:
2042:
2032:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2012:
2005:
2004:
1992:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1963:
1956:
1955:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1929:
1922:
1921:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1810:
1799:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1763:
1720:
1719:
1706:
1705:
1475:
1474:
1462:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1439:
1438:
1425:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1020:
1012:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
981:
974:
967:
949:
930:
914:
906:
898:
882:
873:
871:
870:
860:
858:
857:
847:
839:
830:
825:
824:
819:
813:
807:
806:
801:
797:
793:
789:
753:
729:
711:
702:
684:
671:
653:
648:
641:
636:
627:
620:
615:
607:
600:
593:
582:
575:
570:
562:
555:
548:
537:
519:
512:
460:
459:
378:terminus ad quem
369:Mycenaean Greece
287:as described in
281:
272:
256:
240:
233:
213:
174:
128:
127:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
7383:
7382:
7378:
7377:
7376:
7374:
7373:
7372:
7333:Mycenaean Greek
7323:
7322:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7302:
7293:
7284:
7275:
7266:
7253:
7245:
7237:
7229:
7221:
7213:
7203:
7197:
7167:
7162:
7153:Trojan language
7143:Minoan language
7091:
7065:
7037:
6965:Writing systems
6960:
6956:Standard Modern
6934:
6930:Standard Modern
6895:
6849:Greco/Calabrian
6782:
6759:
6655:
6643:
6630:
6617:
6604:
6598:Mycenaean Greek
6591:
6571:
6562:Graeco-Phrygian
6552:Graeco-Armenian
6535:
6530:
6500:
6495:
6453:
6408:
6385:
6248:
6242:
6125:
6116:
6108:
6079:Melaina Korkyra
6035:
5957:
5914:
5867:Aeolian Islands
5857:
5719:
5577:
5558:
5557:
5531:
5488:
5399:
5341:
5292:
5246:
5197:
5119:
5110:Wedding customs
4992:
4991:
4960:
4951:Thracian Greeks
4934:
4925:Olympic victors
4903:
4745:
4632:
4576:
4567:Kings of Sparta
4552:Kings of Pontus
4522:Kings of Athens
4498:
4485:
4464:
4360:Army of Macedon
4320:
4297:
4269:
4226:
4174:
4147:(370–c. 230 BC)
4145:Arcadian League
4129:(c. 400–188 BC)
4127:Aetolian League
4121:Boeotian League
4103:Hellenic League
4090:
4077:
4067:(c. 650–404 BC)
4058:
4052:Italiote League
4045:
4041:
4035:Doric Hexapolis
4025:
4016:
4012:Seleucid Empire
3955:
3848:
3847:
3811:
3718:
3694:Greek Dark Ages
3663:
3662:
3639:
3626:
3621:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3534:
3533:
3531:Mycenaean Greek
3529:
3522:
3517:
3502:
3501:
3480:
3415:
3147:
3126:
3095:
3067:
3041:
3036:
3035:
3028:
3012:
3008:
2992:
2988:
2983:
2979:
2973:Wayback Machine
2963:
2959:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2923:
2919:
2913:Wayback Machine
2900:
2891:
2882:
2878:
2867:
2863:
2854:
2850:
2841:
2837:
2815:
2811:
2803:
2799:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2729:
2725:
2717:
2713:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2659:
2655:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2609:
2605:
2600:
2565:
2547:
2467:
2454:Kafkania pebble
2439:
2433:
2418:
2409:
2400:
2392:
2389:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2349:
2346:
2332:
2323:
2314:
2306:
2303:
2289:
2280:
2271:
2263:
2260:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2220:
2217:
2205:
2195:
2194:Mycenaean Greek
2183:
2143:
2109:
2071:
2057:
2019:
1979:
1936:
1900:
1892:
1862:
1800:before a vowel.
1753:
1745:
1739:
1594:Verbs probably
1550:Classical Greek
1544:. The last two
1486:
1468:
1445:
1431:
1400:accusative case
1244:The consonants
1235:
1201:rough breathing
1133:. For example,
1101:Minoan language
1081:
1063:
1038:
1002:
994:
990:
986:
979:
972:
965:
883:between vowels.
865:
852:
836:The semivowels
787:
438:
430:Greek Dark Ages
418:Michael Ventris
373:Dorian invasion
357:Mycenaean Greek
354:
353:
352:
343:Without proper
312:Without proper
300:
268:
252:
249:
236:
229:
214:
209:
203:
195:Mycenaean Greek
175:
172:Language family
170:
140:Mycenean Greece
131:Mycenaean Greek
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7381:
7371:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7318:
7317:
7313:
7312:
7305:
7303:
7296:
7294:
7287:
7285:
7278:
7276:
7269:
7267:
7260:
7257:
7256:
7251:
7249:600–1453
7243:
7235:
7227:
7219:
7208:
7205:
7204:
7196:
7195:
7188:
7181:
7173:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7099:
7097:
7093:
7092:
7090:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7073:
7071:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7047:
7045:
7039:
7038:
7036:
7035:
7030:
7029:
7028:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
7002:Greek numerals
6999:
6997:Attic numerals
6994:
6989:
6982:Greek alphabet
6979:
6974:
6968:
6966:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6942:
6940:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6907:
6905:
6901:
6900:
6897:
6896:
6894:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6857:
6856:
6851:
6841:
6839:Constantinople
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6820:
6819:
6807:
6800:
6792:
6790:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6780:
6775:
6769:
6767:
6761:
6760:
6758:
6757:
6752:
6751:
6750:
6749:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6725:
6717:
6716:
6715:
6714:
6713:
6703:
6695:
6694:
6693:
6692:
6691:
6681:
6672:
6670:
6661:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6653:
6647:
6637:Medieval Greek
6634:
6621:
6608:
6595:
6581:
6579:
6573:
6572:
6570:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6543:
6541:
6537:
6536:
6533:Greek language
6529:
6528:
6521:
6514:
6506:
6497:
6496:
6494:
6493:
6483:
6473:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6425:
6424:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6399:
6398:
6395:
6394:
6391:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6252:
6250:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6129:
6127:
6118:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6045:
6043:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5967:
5965:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5955:
5950:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5924:
5922:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5871:
5869:
5863:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5813:Megara Hyblaea
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5793:Hybla Gereatis
5790:
5785:
5783:Heraclea Minoa
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5729:
5727:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5581:
5579:
5570:
5560:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5549:
5541:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5527:Attic numerals
5524:
5522:Greek numerals
5519:
5517:Greek alphabet
5514:
5509:
5504:
5498:
5496:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5413:
5411:
5405:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5351:
5349:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5308:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5228:
5227:
5217:
5211:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5171:Musical system
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5130:
5128:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5006:
5004:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4978:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4755:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4642:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4603:Mathematicians
4600:
4595:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4512:Kings of Argos
4508:
4506:
4500:
4499:
4487:
4486:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4370:Cretan archers
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4340:
4334:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4169:Achaean League
4166:
4163:Euboean League
4160:
4154:
4151:Epirote League
4148:
4142:
4136:
4130:
4124:
4118:
4112:
4106:
4100:
4099:(c. 500–31 BC)
4094:
4081:
4068:
4062:
4049:
4031:
4029:
4027:Confederations
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3951:Lissus (Crete)
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3850:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3829:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3699:Archaic Greece
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3649:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3624:Ancient Greece
3620:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3584:
3579:
3573:
3568:
3562:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:External links
3518:
3516:
3515:
3497:United Kingdom
3484:
3478:
3458:
3438:10.2307/628239
3419:
3413:
3388:
3379:
3352:
3343:
3334:
3325:
3316:
3307:
3278:
3257:
3248:
3239:
3227:
3219:Handley, Carol
3211:
3190:
3181:
3172:
3151:
3145:
3130:
3124:
3112:Chadwick, John
3108:
3099:
3093:
3080:
3071:
3065:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3026:
3006:
2986:
2977:
2957:
2948:
2939:
2930:
2917:
2902:Lydia Baumbach
2889:
2876:
2861:
2848:
2835:
2809:
2797:
2779:
2761:
2749:
2747:Hooker 1980:62
2740:
2723:
2721:, p. 390.
2711:
2699:
2690:
2678:
2671:
2653:
2635:
2628:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2564:
2561:
2518:
2517:
2507:
2481:
2466:
2463:
2452:The so-called
2435:Main article:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2416:
2407:
2398:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2287:
2278:
2269:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2244:
2235:
2226:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2200:
2197:
2192:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2160:(later Greek:
2139:
2124:(later Greek:
2105:
2086:(later Greek:
2053:
2038:(later Greek:
2015:
2000:(later Greek:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1951:(later Greek:
1932:
1917:(later Greek:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1876:
1870:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1822:
1812:
1801:
1787:
1768:
1765:
1752:
1749:
1741:Main article:
1738:
1737:Greek features
1735:
1699:verbal augment
1579:with nouns in
1485:
1482:
1466:
1443:
1429:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1353:
1328:
1242:
1233:
1197:
1158:
1145:may be either
1105:open syllables
1062:
1059:
933:*dy, *gy, *ɡʷy
885:
884:
876:
875:
833:
832:
831:, "cowherds").
763:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
747:
745:
739:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
723:
721:
715:
714:
712:
705:
703:
696:
694:
692:
686:
685:
678:
676:
674:
672:
665:
663:
657:
656:
654:
649:
644:
642:
637:
632:
624:
623:
621:
616:
609:
601:
594:
587:
579:
578:
576:
571:
564:
556:
549:
542:
535:
529:
528:
526:
524:
522:
520:
513:
506:
500:
499:
494:
490:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
437:
434:
361:Greek language
347:, you may see
335:
334:
333:
330:
329:
316:, you may see
302:
301:
282:
274:
273:
266:
258:
257:
250:
245:
242:
241:
234:
226:
225:
224:Language codes
221:
220:
215:
211:Writing system
208:
205:
204:
202:
201:
200:
199:
198:
197:
178:
176:
169:
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
147:
143:
142:
137:
136:Native to
133:
132:
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7380:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7348:Ancient Greek
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7330:
7328:
7310:
7309:
7304:
7301:
7300:
7295:
7292:
7291:
7286:
7283:
7282:
7277:
7274:
7273:
7268:
7265:
7264:
7259:
7258:
7252:
7244:
7236:
7228:
7220:
7212:
7211:
7206:
7202:
7194:
7189:
7187:
7182:
7180:
7175:
7174:
7171:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7100:
7098:
7094:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7074:
7072:
7068:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7048:
7046:
7044:
7040:
7034:
7031:
7027:
7023:
7022:Cyrillization
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6992:Archaic forms
6990:
6988:
6985:
6984:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6963:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6943:
6941:
6937:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6920:
6916:
6912:
6909:
6908:
6906:
6902:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6855:
6854:Griko/Apulian
6852:
6850:
6847:
6846:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6818:
6817:
6813:
6812:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6801:
6799:
6798:
6794:
6793:
6791:
6789:
6785:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6770:
6768:
6766:
6762:
6756:
6753:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6720:
6718:
6712:
6709:
6708:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6698:
6696:
6690:
6689:Arcadocypriot
6687:
6686:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6669:
6665:
6662:
6658:
6651:
6648:
6638:
6635:
6631: 300 BC
6625:
6622:
6612:
6611:Ancient Greek
6609:
6599:
6596:
6586:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6578:
6574:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6527:
6522:
6520:
6515:
6513:
6508:
6507:
6504:
6492:
6484:
6482:
6478:
6474:
6472:
6464:
6463:
6460:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6423:
6420:
6419:
6418:
6415:
6414:
6411:
6404:
6400:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6245:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6122:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6038:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5991:Hemeroscopion
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5964:
5960:
5954:
5951:
5948:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5921:
5917:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5726:
5722:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5568:Magna Graecia
5565:
5561:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5491:
5485:
5482:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5442:Arcadocypriot
5440:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5396:
5395:Zeus, Olympia
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5380:Hera, Olympia
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5306:
5303:
5299:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5283:Mount Olympus
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:Sacred places
5249:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5122:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5075:Olympic Games
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5065:Homosexuality
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4479:
4475:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4435:Seleucid army
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4109:Delian League
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4085:
4082:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4065:Ionian League
4063:
4053:
4050:
4046: 560 BC
4036:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4023:
4019:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3787:Magna Graecia
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3618:
3613:
3611:
3606:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3576:Palaeolexicon
3574:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3512:
3506:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3479:0-521-08558-6
3475:
3470:
3469:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3395:. Cambridge:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3258:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3231:Fox, Margalit
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3148:
3146:0-521-29037-6
3142:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3127:
3125:0-521-39830-4
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3094:3-8253-1435-9
3090:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3049:
3044:
3043:
3029:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3010:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2981:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2952:
2943:
2934:
2927:
2921:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2886:
2880:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2852:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2806:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2759:, p. 68.
2758:
2753:
2744:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2720:
2715:
2709:, p. 47.
2708:
2703:
2694:
2685:
2683:
2674:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2631:
2629:0-521-29037-6
2625:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2607:
2603:
2595:
2593:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2422:
2417:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2203:Homeric Greek
2201:
2198:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2173:
2171:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2146:
2140:
2136:
2129:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2037:
2033:
2031:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2011:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1890:Lexical items
1885:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1837:Arcadocypriot
1834:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1769:
1766:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1714:
1710:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1488:Nouns likely
1481:
1479:
1469:
1456:
1446:
1433:
1419:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1387:
1385:
1376:
1375:Ancient Greek
1372:
1371:
1365:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1329:
1325:
1314:
1302:
1296:
1284:
1278:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1222:
1216:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1183:
1177:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1117:Contrasts of
1116:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1072:
1067:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1034:
1026:
1018:
1010:
985:
978:
971:
964:
960:
956:
951:
944:
942:
938:
934:
928:
922:
918:
912:
904:
896:
890:
878:
877:
864:
851:
843:
835:
834:
829:
818:
812:
785:
782:
781:
780:
778:
777:ancient Greek
774:
770:
761:
759:
757:
755:
752:
748:
746:
744:
740:
737:
735:
733:
731:
728:
724:
722:
720:
716:
713:
710:
706:
704:
701:
697:
695:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
677:
675:
673:
670:
666:
664:
662:
658:
655:
650:
645:
643:
638:
633:
630:
626:
625:
622:
617:
614:
610:
606:
602:
599:
595:
592:
588:
585:
581:
580:
577:
572:
569:
565:
561:
557:
554:
550:
547:
543:
540:
536:
534:
530:
527:
525:
523:
521:
518:
514:
511:
507:
505:
501:
498:
495:
492:
491:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
461:
455:
451:
447:
442:
433:
431:
425:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
379:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
350:
346:
342:
340:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
309:
303:
298:
294:
290:
286:
280:
275:
271:
267:
265:
264:
259:
255:
251:
248:
247:Linguist List
243:
239:
235:
232:
227:
222:
219:
216:
212:
206:
196:
193:
192:
191:
188:
187:
186:
183:
182:
181:
180:Indo-European
177:
173:
167:
163:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:
138:
134:
129:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
7306:
7297:
7288:
7279:
7271:
7270:
7261:
7026:Romanization
6876:Romano-Greek
6866:Mariupolitan
6814:
6804:Katharevousa
6802:
6795:
6683:
6652:(since 1453)
6650:Modern Greek
6597:
6547:Graeco-Aryan
6286:Dionysopolis
6256:Abonoteichos
6208:Pantikapaion
5798:Hybla Heraea
5421:
5134:Architecture
5090:Prostitution
4779:Aristophanes
4638:Philosophers
4608:Philosophers
4440:Spartan army
4171:(280–146 BC)
4159:(338–322 BC)
4153:(370–168 BC)
4141:(374–196 BC)
4135:(378–355 BC)
4117:(430–348 BC)
4111:(478–404 BC)
4105:(499–449 BC)
3792:Peloponnesus
3714:Roman Greece
3540:Online books
3530:
3488:
3467:
3429:
3423:
3392:
3383:
3364:
3360:
3347:
3338:
3329:
3320:
3311:
3286:
3282:
3265:
3261:
3252:
3243:
3234:
3222:
3198:
3194:
3185:
3176:
3159:
3155:
3135:
3115:
3103:
3084:
3075:
3056:
3047:
3016:
3009:
2999:
2989:
2980:
2960:
2951:
2942:
2933:
2920:
2884:
2879:
2870:
2864:
2856:
2851:
2843:
2838:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2819:, "OL Zh 1:
2812:
2805:Wiseman 2010
2800:
2791:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2752:
2743:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2714:
2702:
2693:
2662:
2656:
2647:
2638:
2620:Cambridge UP
2614:
2606:
2589:
2566:
2557:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2459:
2451:
2440:
2167:
2155:
2151:
2121:
2117:
2093:
2083:
2079:
2065:
2045:
2035:
2027:
2007:
1995:
1987:
1958:
1948:
1944:
1924:
1912:
1908:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1866:
1824:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1793:
1789:
1757:
1746:
1722:
1708:
1696:
1628:imperfective
1593:
1554:Modern Greek
1518:instrumental
1487:
1477:
1464:
1454:
1441:
1427:
1417:
1409:
1394:
1381:
1368:
1304:("copper"),
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1164:
1160:
1130:
1126:
1111:Orthographic
1109:
1082:
1055:
1051:
1037:are written
952:
945:
936:
932:
920:
916:
888:
886:
798:, or velars
766:
426:
415:
376:
356:
355:
336:
305:
261:
194:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
7263:Proto-Greek
7133:Place names
7007:Orthography
6816:Misthiotika
6810:Cappadocian
6624:Koine Greek
6605: 1600
6592: 2900
6585:Proto-Greek
6434:Place names
6346:Salmydessus
6168:Kalos Limen
6148:Chersonesus
6138:Borysthenes
5843:Tauromenion
5655:Metapontion
5417:Proto-Greek
5370:Erechtheion
5365:Athena Nike
5327:Philippeion
5156:Mathematics
5127:and science
5010:Agriculture
4874:Stesichorus
4784:Bacchylides
4774:Archilochus
4661:Antisthenes
4651:Anaximander
4623:Seven Sages
4613:Playwrights
4593:Geographers
4588:Astronomers
4415:Pezhetairos
4042: 1100
4022:Federations
3921:Megalopolis
3858:City states
3833:City states
2581:Peloponnese
2548: [
2545:Yves Duhoux
2522:Ernst Risch
2498:instead of
2486:instead of
2174:, "tripod")
1865:The use of
1688:infinitives
1660:subjunctive
1364:po-to-ri-ne
1348:(classical
1185:(classical
1157:("I have").
1061:Orthography
997:stands for
844:, although
842:Attic Greek
820:(classical
773:Proto-Greek
690:Approximant
422:Alice Kober
395:Peloponnese
320:instead of
106:August 2023
7327:Categories
7254:Since 1453
7043:Literature
7012:Diacritics
6755:Pamphylian
6746:Macedonian
6727:Northwest
6644: 330
6618: 800
6336:Polemonion
6213:Phanagoria
6183:Kimmerikon
6178:Kerkinitis
6163:Hermonassa
6153:Dioscurias
6049:Aspalathos
5996:Kalathousa
5971:Akra Leuke
5900:Phoenicusa
5685:Scylletium
5670:Poseidonia
5590:Brentesion
5477:Pamphylian
5472:Macedonian
5390:Samothrace
5375:Hephaestus
5322:Long Walls
5301:Structures
5242:Underworld
5188:Technology
5151:Literature
5085:Philosophy
5050:Euergetism
4939:By culture
4884:Thucydides
4726:Pythagoras
4721:Protagoras
4711:Parmenides
4696:Heraclitus
4681:Empedocles
4671:Democritus
4656:Anaximenes
4646:Anaxagoras
4598:Historians
4091: 595
4078: 550
4059: 800
4044: – c.
3972:Cappadocia
3777:Ionian Sea
3767:Hellespont
3732:Aegean Sea
3432:: 84–103.
2598:References
2592:Pamphylian
2575:spoken in
2052:, "queen")
1909:qa-si-re-u
1853:Thessalian
1843:, but not
1723:a-pu-do-ke
1709:a-pe-do-ke
1656:imperative
1652:indicative
1624:perfective
1574:Adjectives
1562:accusative
1558:nominative
1506:accusative
1498:nominative
1484:Morphology
1176:qa-si-re-u
1123:aspiration
963:semivowels
811:qo-u-ko-ro
794:, dentals
786:, written
297:Bronze Age
76:newspapers
7272:Mycenaean
7056:Byzantine
7033:Greeklish
6904:Phonology
6881:Tsakonian
6834:Himariote
6684:Mycenaean
6660:Varieties
6607:–1100 BC)
6594:–1600 BC)
6422:in Epirus
6371:Trapezous
6316:Mesambria
6301:Eupatoria
6271:Apollonia
6266:Anchialos
6228:Theodosia
6198:Nymphaion
6188:Myrmekion
6158:Gorgippia
6114:Black Sea
6099:Tragurion
6084:Nymphaion
6069:Epidauros
6064:Epidamnos
6054:Apollonia
6031:Zacynthos
5953:Ptolemais
5947:Apollonia
5920:Cyrenaica
5910:Therassía
5905:Strongyle
5885:Ereikousa
5808:Leontinoi
5748:Apollonia
5625:Hipponion
5422:Mycenaean
5385:Parthenon
5317:Lion Gate
5220:Mythology
5183:Sculpture
5146:Astronomy
5080:Pederasty
5055:Festivals
5040:Education
4920:Lawgivers
4889:Timocreon
4869:Sophocles
4864:Simonides
4839:Philocles
4834:Panyassis
4829:Mimnermus
4794:Herodotus
4789:Euripides
4759:Aeschylus
4706:Leucippus
4666:Aristotle
4445:Strategos
4311:Synedrion
4265:Ostracism
4245:Areopagus
4197:Free city
3992:Macedonia
3876:Byzantion
3782:Macedonia
3747:Cyrenaica
3724:Geography
3658:Geography
3505:cite book
3454:163873642
3303:161823908
3201:: 36–54.
3114:(1990) .
2832:full text
2583:) and in
2579:(central
2102:olive oil
1931:, "king")
1914:gʷasiléus
1596:conjugate
1397:, "city"
1286:("all");
1182:gʷasileus
1151:("I") or
1093:ideograms
1005:for both
970:sonorants
959:defective
817:gʷoukoloi
661:Fricative
629:aspirated
539:voiceless
450:Mycenaean
448:, from a
436:Phonology
263:Glottolog
231:ISO 639-3
149:Southern
7299:Medieval
7199:Ages of
7138:Proverbs
6977:Linear B
6919:teaching
6675:Central
6633:–AD 330)
6620:–300 BC)
6471:Category
6449:Theatres
6376:Tripolis
6311:Kerasous
6306:Heraclea
6238:Tyritake
6193:Nikonion
6104:Thronion
6026:Salauris
5981:Emporion
5938:Berenice
5928:Balagrae
5880:Euonymos
5853:Tyndaris
5838:Syracuse
5833:Selinous
5803:Kamarina
5758:Casmenae
5743:Akrillai
5660:Neápolis
5595:Caulonia
5576:Mainland
5507:Linear B
5502:Linear A
5432:Dialects
5409:Language
5203:Religion
5161:Medicine
5095:Religion
5060:Folklore
5045:Emporium
5020:Clothing
5015:Calendar
4899:Xenophon
4894:Tyrtaeus
4879:Theognis
4854:Polybius
4849:Plutarch
4824:Menander
4804:Hipponax
4731:Socrates
4686:Epicurus
4532:Diadochi
4430:Sciritae
4390:Hetairoi
4365:Ballista
4330:Military
4293:Gerousia
4283:Ekklesia
4250:Ecclesia
4232:Athenian
4180:Politics
4093:–279 BC)
4080:–366 BC)
4061:–389 BC)
3997:Pergamon
3967:Bithynia
3960:Kingdoms
3901:Pergamon
3843:Military
3838:Politics
3635:Timeline
3367:: 9–30.
3233:(2013).
3221:(2001).
3207:40288084
3168:40265918
2997:(1988).
2969:Archived
2909:Archived
2904:(1980),
2590:Ancient
2563:Survival
2152:ti-ri-po
2138:, "god")
2080:e-rai-wo
2030:wa-na-sa
1990:wa-na-ka
1927:basiléus
1920:βασιλεύς
1902:𐀣𐀯𐀩𐀄
1849:Boeotian
1803:Initial
1718:𐀀𐀢𐀈𐀐
1704:𐀀𐀟𐀈𐀐
1664:optative
1636:singular
1570:vocative
1566:genitive
1534:singular
1522:locative
1514:vocative
1502:genitive
1358:𐀡𐀵𐀪𐀚
1339:ko-no-so
1324:stathmós
1313:ta-to-mo
1196:"king").
1193:basileús
1188:βασιλεύς
1170:𐀣𐀯𐀩𐀄
1097:Linear A
1085:Linear B
1079:Linear B
1071:Linear B
1021:). Both
977:sibilant
955:Linear B
872:⟩
866:⟨
859:⟩
853:⟨
828:boukóloi
823:βουκόλοι
805:𐀦𐀄𐀒𐀫
796:/d,t,tʰ/
792:/b,p,pʰ/
493:central
467:Bilabial
401:itself,
383:Linear B
326:Help:IPA
270:myce1242
218:Linear B
185:Hellenic
7281:Ancient
7118:Exonyms
7051:Ancient
7017:Braille
6987:History
6946:Ancient
6939:Grammar
6911:Ancient
6886:Yevanic
6844:Italiot
6829:Cypriot
6797:Demotic
6741:Locrian
6736:Epirote
6731:Achaean
6711:Homeric
6668:Ancient
6577:Periods
6491:Outline
6444:Temples
6381:Zaliche
6361:Thèrmae
6351:Sesamus
6321:Odessos
6296:Cytorus
6291:Cotyora
6041:Illyria
6006:Mainake
6001:Kypsela
5890:Hycesia
5848:Thermae
5828:Segesta
5818:Messana
5773:Helorus
5753:Calacte
5733:Akragas
5695:Sybaris
5680:Rhegion
5635:Krimisa
5585:Alision
5494:Writing
5467:Locrian
5457:Epirote
5427:Homeric
5360:Artemis
5347:Temples
5288:Olympia
5258:Eleusis
5193:Theatre
5178:Pottery
5105:Warfare
5100:Slavery
5035:Economy
5030:Cuisine
5025:Coinage
5002:Society
4987:Culture
4982:Society
4930:Tyrants
4769:Alcaeus
4751:Authors
4701:Hypatia
4691:Gorgias
4628:Writers
4450:Toxotai
4420:Sarissa
4410:Peltast
4405:Phalanx
4385:Hoplite
4380:Hippeis
4303:Macedon
4275:Spartan
4260:Heliaia
4207:Proxeny
3916:Larissa
3911:Kerkyra
3906:Eretria
3896:Miletus
3891:Ephesus
3886:Corinth
3881:Chalcis
3802:Taurica
3672:Periods
3653:History
3289:(1–2).
3039:Sources
2859:, n.513
2577:Arcadia
2504:*spermṇ
2170:tripous
2163:τρίπους
2084:élaiwon
2066:e-ra-wo
2036:wánassa
1961:chalkos
1949:kʰalkós
1841:Lesbian
1821:to /z/.
1776:/or,ol/
1772:/ar,al/
1684:persons
1680:passive
1632:numbers
1620:perfect
1616:aspects
1608:present
1556:, only
1530:numbers
1526:genders
1490:decline
1350:Knossos
1319:σταθμός
1301:khalkos
1215:a-ni-ja
948:/aeiou/
850:digamma
743:Lateral
487:Glottal
477:Palatal
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399:Mycenae
387:Knossos
322:Unicode
283:Map of
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7308:Modern
7061:Modern
6915:accent
6871:Pontic
6861:Maniot
6824:Cretan
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6679:Aeolic
6646:–1453)
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6429:People
6417:Cities
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6331:Phasis
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6276:Athina
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5943:Cyrene
5875:Didyme
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5725:Sicily
5715:Thurii
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5675:Pixous
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5278:Dodona
5263:Delphi
5232:Temple
4908:Others
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4819:Lucian
4814:Ibycus
4799:Hesiod
4736:Thales
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4483:People
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4316:Koinon
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4212:Stasis
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4002:Pontus
3977:Epirus
3946:Sparta
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3931:Megara
3926:Thebes
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3476:
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3446:628239
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3283:Kadmos
3205:
3195:Glotta
3166:
3156:Glotta
3143:
3122:
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3063:
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2669:
2626:
2585:Cyprus
2494:(e.g.
2447:LHIIIB
2431:Corpus
2157:tripos
2145:𐀴𐀪𐀡
2122:tʰehós
2096:élaion
2089:ἔλαιον
2073:𐀁𐁉𐀺
2059:𐀁𐀨𐀺
2048:ánassa
2041:ἄνασσα
2021:𐀷𐀙𐀭
1997:wánaks
1981:𐀷𐀙𐀏
1967:bronze
1954:χαλκός
1839:, and
1690:, and
1676:middle
1672:active
1668:voices
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1492:for 7
1395:ptólin
1391:πτόλιν
1370:ptolin
1345:Knōsos
1333:𐀒𐀜𐀰
1307:𐀲𐀵𐀗
1221:hāniai
1209:𐀀𐀛𐀊
982:; the
975:; the
968:; the
800:/ɡkkʰ/
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411:Chania
407:Thebes
403:Tiryns
341:words.
285:Greece
146:Region
92:
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7290:Koine
7201:Greek
7096:Other
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6925:Koine
6765:Koine
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6203:Olbia
6173:Kepoi
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6059:Aulon
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5933:Barca
5823:Naxos
5778:Henna
5738:Akrai
5705:Taras
5690:Siris
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4809:Homer
4764:Aesop
4716:Plato
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4288:Ephor
4240:Agora
4217:Tagus
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3941:Samos
3866:Argos
3772:Ionia
3757:Doris
3742:Crete
3450:S2CID
3442:JSTOR
3384:Minos
3299:S2CID
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3164:JSTOR
2915:(PDF)
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2825:Minos
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2500:pe-mo
2496:pe-ma
2191:Line
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1945:ka-ko
1884:-e-en
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1731:Homer
1648:moods
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1546:cases
1494:cases
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1379:πόλιν
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1283:panta
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289:Homer
190:Greek
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3511:link
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2128:θεός
2118:te-o
2111:𐀳𐀃
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2003:ἄναξ
1938:𐀏𐀒
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1867:-eus
1825:*-ti
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1792:and
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1520:and
1289:𐀏𐀒
1271:𐀞𐀲
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1136:𐀁𐀒
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1029:and
1013:and
1001:and
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899:and
863:beta
838:/jw/
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5070:Law
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