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kings who lead an exemplary life. In the
Chapter on the Guardian Kings, the Four Guardian Kings have a dialogue with the Buddha, explaining in vivid detail all the benefits a kingdom will have if its ruler enshrines the essence of the sutra and offers daily praise. The sutra contains some elements of early tantra, in that in chapter two, the sutra describes four Buddhas who dwell in the four cardinal directions. These same four comprise later Buddhist mandalas in the same positions, such as the
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Taken at face value, one might take the main theme of the sutra literally, which is the importance for leaders to be good examples for the kingdom. In
Chapter Twelve, the sutra speaks in verse form about the disasters that befall a kingdom when its ruler does not uphold justice, and the benefits of
1101:
Nobel, Johannes (1958). Suvarnaprabhāsottamasūtra. Das
Goldglanz-Sūtra: ein Sanskrittext des Mahāyāna-Buddhismus. I-Tsing's chinesische Version und ihre tibetische Übersetzung. Band 1: I-Tsing's chinesische Version übersetzt, eingeleitet erläutert und mit einem photomechanischen Nachdruck des
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The sutra also gained esteem as a sutra for protecting the country in China, Korea and Japan, and often was read publicly to ward off threats. For example, its first reading in Japan was as a court ceremony during around 660 AD, when the
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In 1958, Nobel published a German translation, based on Yijing's
Chinese text. In 1970, Emmerick produced an English translation of the short, condensed Sanskrit version of the Sutra of Golden Light into English.
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Skjaervo, Prods O. (2004 ). This Most
Excellent Shine of Gold, King of Kings of Sutras: The Khotanese Suvarnabhãsottamasutra. 2 vols. Cambridge,MA: Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Harvard
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Nobel, Johannes (1944/1950). Suvarnaprabhāsottamasūtra. Das
Goldglanz-Sūtra: ein Sanskrittext des Mahāyāna-Buddhismus. Die tibetische Übersetzung mit einem Wörterbuch. Band 1: Tibetische Übersetzung, Stuttgart:
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as a sign of respect. This ceremony has been carried down through tradition into modern times and is customarily performed in
Chinese Buddhist temples on the 9th day of the 1st month of the Chinese calendar.
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Nobel, Johannes (1937). Suvarṇabhāsottamasūtra. Das
Goldglanz-Sūtra: ein Sanskrittext des Mahāyāna-Buddhismus. Nach den Handschriften und mit Hilfe der tibetischen und chinesischen Übertragungen, Leipzig:
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Gummer, Nathalie (2015). "Suvarṇabhāsottamasūtra," In
Jonathan Silk, Oskar von Hinüber, Vincent Eltschinger (eds.): Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Volume 1: Literature and Languages. Leiden: Brill, p.
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Radlov, Vasilij V (1913 - 1917). Suvarṇaprabhāsa: (sutra zolotogo bleska) ; tekst ujgurskoj redakcij, Sanktpeterburg. Imperatorskaja Akad. Nauk. XV. Reprint, Osnabrück. Biblio-Verlag 1970.
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initiated a ritual ceremony known as "Gōngfó Zhāitiān" (供佛齋天) or just "Zhāitiān" (齋天), meaning "Puja of
Offering to the Buddhas and the Devas", according to the rites prescribed in the
1323:
Zieme, Peter (1996). Altun Yaruq Sudur: Vorworte und das erste Buch: Edition und Übersetzung der alttürkischen Version des Goldglanzsūtra (Suvarṇaprabhāsottamasūtra), Turnhout: Brepols
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In Tibetan, there are three versions of the Sutra: the 21, 29, and 31 chapter versions. The 29 Chapter Version was probably the most popular in Tibet and Tibetan Buddhist regions.
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derives from the chapter called "The Confession of the Golden Drum", where the bodhisattva Ruchiraketu dreams of a great drum that radiates a sublime golden light, symbolizing the
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Unique Sanskrit Fragments of the “Sutra of Golden Light” in the manuscript collection of St Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
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Kotwicz, Władysław (1930). Altan gerel: die westmongolische Fassung des Goldglanzsūtra nach einer Handschrift der Kgl. Bibliothek in Kopenhagen; Berlin: Akademie Verlag.
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on a fixed schedule to protect the country. As Buddhism evolved in Japan, the practice gradually fell out of use, and is no longer continued today.
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In 1933, Izumi published the first complete Japanese translation directly from Sanskrit, followed by another translation by Ama a year later.
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Emmerick, R. E. (1970). The Sūtra of Golden Light: Being a Translation of the Suvarṇabhāsottamasūtra. London, Luzac and Company Ltd.
1396:"On the Sources, Style and Authorship of Chapters of the Synoptic Suvarnaprabhāsottama-sūtra T664 Ascribed to Paramartha (Part 1)"
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Kingship as "Dharma-Protector": A Comparative Study of Wŏnhyo and Huizhao's Views on the "Golden Light Sutra"
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Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University (ARIRIAB)
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chinesischen Textes versehen. Band 2: Die tibetische Übersetzung mit kritischen Anmerkungen, Leiden: Brill
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Listening to the Dharmabhāṇaka: The Buddhist Preacher in and of the Sūtra of Utmost Golden Radiance
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for monks (国分寺) and nuns (国分尼寺) in each province. The official name of the monasteries was the
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published Sanskrit and Tibetan editions of the text. The sutra is influential in East Asia.
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1508:, Journal of the American Academy of Religion 80 (1), 137-160. – via
1501:, Darbhanga: The Mithila Institute. Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon. (NB: in Unicode)
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The Sūtra of golden light : being a translation of the Suvarṇabhāsottamasūtra
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1944. Band 2: Wörterbuch Tibetisch-Deutsch-Sanskrit, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 1950.
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Temple for Protection of the State by the Four Heavenly Kings Golden Light Sutra
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The Sutra of Golden Light: The 21 Chapter Version, published by the FPMT
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Roman transliteration of Sanskrit (Bagchi), chapter-wise, DSBC Project
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Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan
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Jeweled pagoda mandala from a copy of the Golden Light Sutra. Japan,
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An English translation by 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha
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and others, and later translated into Tibetan and other languages.
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1521:, Journal of Korean Religions 8 (1), 93-129 – via
780:) protect the ruler who governs his country in the proper manner.
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the synoptic Hebu jin guangming T664, by Baogui, written in 597
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Saidaijibon konkomyo saishookyo koten no kokugogakuteki kenkyu
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One of the earliest Japanese annotations was an 8th-century
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because of its fundamental message, which teaches that the
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Stupa Worship and Dharma Evaluation in the Suvarnaprabhasa
1123:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 877.
988:
Jin guangming jin T663 translated by Dharmakṣema (385–433)
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1538:, Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies 51 (2), 996-1001
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Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition
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Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition
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Jin guangming zuisheng wang jin T665, by Yijing (635–713)
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The Golden Light Sutra has been translated into Chinese,
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translation of the Yijing Chinese translation housed in
694:
The Sovereign King of Sutras, the Sublime Golden Light
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The Cambridge History of Japan, Vol. 1: Ancient Japan
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Three canonical Chinese translations have survived:
692:branch of Buddhism. In Sanskrit, the full title is
1294:
1292:
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1002:, (499–569) is extant in a Japanese manuscript.
1289:
1198:Gregory, Peter N.; Getz Jr., Daniel A. (2002).
1197:
1150:. Harvard University Asia Center. p. 167.
968:11th~13th century, chrysographic Tangut version
861:During the ceremony, offerings are made to the
1143:
1586:
1545:, Manuscripta Orientalia. Vol. 1, (1), 29-38.
903:
645:
2368:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
1281:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1111:
908:). The 20 monks who lived there recited the
886:of Korea and were threatening Japan. In 741
1202:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 374.
1177:. Cambridge University Press. p. 393.
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1579:
849:During the Sui dynasty in China, the monk
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1373:. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 812.
1137:
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783:The sutra also expounds the vows of the
3555:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
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998:An extracanonical version, ascribed to
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3758:List of Buddhist architecture in China
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1353:
712:and was translated several times into
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1349:
1347:
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838:who will uphold and teach the sutra.
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704:The sutra was originally written in
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13:
3545:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
1344:
1246:
1144:Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall (1999).
910:Sovereign Kings Golden Light Sutra
103:Decline in the Indian subcontinent
98:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
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4280:
1549:
1437:Bonbun Wayaku Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō
746:became one of the most important
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3773:Thai temple art and architecture
3518:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
1758:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
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1611:
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1369:Buswell, Robert E., ed. (2004).
1121:Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
682:सुवर्णप्रभासोत्तमसूत्रेन्द्रराजः
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882:of Korea defeated the state of
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3565:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
2645:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
1836:Places where the Buddha stayed
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3535:Buddhism and the Roman world
3511:Decline of Buddhism in India
3506:History of Buddhism in India
1606: Topics in
1302:. 2016-03-04. Archived from
301:Buddhist Paths to liberation
7:
2733:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
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1504:Gummer, Natalie D. (2012).
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3683:The unanswerable questions
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16:Sutra in Mahāyāna Buddhism
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1841:Buddha in world religions
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1247:E., Emmerick, R. (2001).
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3550:Persecution of Buddhists
2771:Four stages of awakening
2152:Three marks of existence
1738:Physical characteristics
1470:"The Golden Light Sutra"
1394:Radich, Michael (2014).
1371:Encyclopedia of Buddhism
2913:Ten principal disciples
1796:(aunt, adoptive mother)
1526:(subscription required)
1513:(subscription required)
1497:Bagchi, S. ed. (1967).
1439:. Kyoto: Kōjukai Honbu.
1354:Kasuga, Masaji (1987).
321:Philosophical reasoning
3623:Buddhism and democracy
3136:Tibetan Buddhist canon
3131:Chinese Buddhist canon
2363:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
2358:Early Buddhist schools
1171:Brown, Delmer (1993).
981:
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892:provincial monasteries
88:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
3633:Eight Consciousnesses
1743:Life of Buddha in art
1499:Suvarṇaprabhāsasūtram
1409:: 209. Archived from
1253:. Pali Text Society.
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967:
672:Suvarṇaprabhāsa Sūtra
356:Aids to Enlightenment
181:Dependent Origination
4110:East Asian religions
3540:Buddhism in the West
3111:Early Buddhist texts
2726:Four Right Exertions
2192:Ten spiritual realms
1685:Noble Eightfold Path
1435:Ama, Tokuju (1934).
1200:Buddhism in the Sung
1117:Lopez, Donald S. Jr.
930:Shingqo Sheli Tutung
326:Devotional practices
149:Noble Eightfold Path
4264:Four Heavenly Kings
4233:Religion portal
3980:Temple of the Tooth
3859:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
2898:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
2391:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
2174:Two truths doctrine
1994:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1794:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1541:Tyomkin E. (1995).
1534:Suzuki, T. (2003).
1358:. Tokyo: Benseisha.
1224:"供天中的二十四诸天 - 佛弟子文库"
900:traditional Chinese
859:Golden Light Sutra.
760:Four Heavenly Kings
626:Buddhism portal
499:Buddhism by country
261:Sanskrit literature
4269:Golden Light Sutra
4155:Western philosophy
3753:Dzong architecture
3575:Vipassana movement
3570:Buddhist modernism
2998:Emperor Wen of Sui
2766:Pratyekabuddhayāna
2699:Threefold Training
2501:Vipassana movement
2217:Hungry Ghost realm
2037:Avidyā (Ignorance)
1984:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
1733:Great Renunciation
1728:Eight Great Events
1610:
1517:Lee, Sumi (2017).
1113:Buswell, Robert Jr
1042:Lama Zopa Rinpoche
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666:Golden Light Sutra
113:Buddhist modernism
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3879:Om mani padme hum
3585:Women in Buddhism
3501:Buddhist councils
3371:Western countries
3159:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
2920:Shaolin Monastery
2497:Samatha-vipassanā
2107:Pratītyasamutpāda
1911:Metteyya/Maitreya
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1658:Four Noble Truths
1300:"佛教二十四诸天_中国佛教文化网"
1090:Kohlhammer Verlag
1054:Humane King Sutra
1025:Western languages
938:Classical Tibetan
890:of Japan founded
867:twenty-four devas
855:Tiantai tradition
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661:
144:Four Noble Truths
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4058:Sacred languages
3906:Maya Devi Temple
3869:Mahabodhi Temple
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3638:Engaged Buddhism
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2326:Tibetan Buddhism
2277:Vietnamese Thiền
1876:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
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1527:
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1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1415:
1400:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1351:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1296:
1287:
1286:
1280:
1272:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1109:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1085:
1079:
1075:
928:, Old Uyghur by
907:
906:
828:
819:
806:
797:
778:
769:
735:or teachings of
727:The name of the
683:
674:
654:
647:
640:
624:
623:
351:Sublime abidings
42:
19:
18:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4259:Vaipulya sutras
4254:Mahayana sutras
4244:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4225:
4207:
4159:
4074:
3989:
3726:Ordination hall
3687:
3589:
3560:Buddhist crisis
3472:
3169:
3121:Mahayana sutras
3097:
3093:Thích Nhất Hạnh
2924:
2797:
2737:
2687:Bodhisattva vow
2372:
2238:
2178:
2137:Taṇhā (Craving)
2072:Five hindrances
2023:
1915:
1845:
1699:
1644:
1616:
1599:
1552:
1525:
1512:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1444:
1433:
1429:
1419:
1417:
1416:on June 7, 2014
1413:
1398:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1367:
1363:
1352:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1309:
1307:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1274:
1273:
1261:
1245:
1241:
1232:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1196:
1192:
1185:
1169:
1165:
1158:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1119:, eds. (2013).
1110:
1106:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1050:
1027:
1016:Saidaiji Temple
1008:
980:, 12th century.
962:
924:("Khotanese"),
918:
865:as well as the
834:to protect any
702:
658:
618:
611:
610:
501:
491:
490:
441:
431:
430:
396:
386:
385:
291:
281:
280:
251:Mahayana Sutras
231:
221:
220:
161:Five Aggregates
139:
138:
118:
117:
108:Later Buddhists
73:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4282:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4223:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4169:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
3999:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3790:Greco-Buddhist
3782:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3741:Burmese pagoda
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3697:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3523:Greco-Buddhism
3520:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3456:United Kingdom
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3401:Czech Republic
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3280:
3275:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3165:Abhidharmadīpa
3162:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3083:B. R. Ambedkar
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3003:Songtsen Gampo
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2682:Eight precepts
2679:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2470:
2460:
2455:
2453:Five Strengths
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2393:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2248:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2092:Mental factors
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1944:Mahamoggallāna
1941:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1859:Avalokiteśvara
1855:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1807:
1799:
1791:
1783:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1598:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1551:
1550:External links
1548:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1528:
1515:
1502:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1461:
1452:
1442:
1427:
1386:
1379:
1361:
1343:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1288:
1259:
1239:
1215:
1208:
1190:
1184:978-0521223522
1183:
1163:
1156:
1136:
1129:
1104:
1094:
1080:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1049:
1046:
1026:
1023:
1007:
1004:
996:
995:
992:
989:
961:
958:
917:
914:
805:Dà Biàncáitiān
737:Gautama Buddha
722:Johannes Nobel
701:
698:
660:
659:
657:
656:
649:
642:
634:
631:
630:
629:
628:
613:
612:
609:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
502:
497:
496:
493:
492:
489:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
442:
437:
436:
433:
432:
429:
428:
423:
418:
416:Pratyekabuddha
413:
408:
403:
397:
392:
391:
388:
387:
384:
383:
378:
373:
371:Buddhist chant
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
292:
287:
286:
283:
282:
279:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
232:
229:Buddhist texts
227:
226:
223:
222:
219:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
157:
156:
146:
140:
137:
136:
131:
125:
124:
123:
120:
119:
116:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
74:
69:
68:
65:
64:
63:
62:
57:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4281:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4222:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3995:Miscellaneous
3992:
3986:
3985:Vegetarianism
3983:
3981:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:Buddha in art
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3461:United States
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3018:Padmasambhava
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2930:Major figures
2927:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2876:Western tulku
2874:
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2677:Five precepts
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2068:
2067:Enlightenment
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2057:Dhamma theory
2055:
2053:
2052:Buddha-nature
2050:
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2020:
2017:
2015:
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1891:Samantabhadra
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1380:0-02-865718-7
1376:
1372:
1365:
1357:
1350:
1348:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1306:on 2016-03-04
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1260:0-86013-348-6
1256:
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1209:9780824826819
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1157:9780674392052
1153:
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1130:9780691157863
1126:
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1084:
1074:
1070:
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1045:
1043:
1039:
1036:In 2007, the
1034:
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897:
893:
889:
888:Emperor Shōmu
885:
881:
878:of China and
877:
871:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
847:
845:
839:
837:
833:
829:
827:Dà Gōngdétiān
823:
815:
811:
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793:
789:
786:
781:
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777:Sì Dàtiānwáng
773:
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723:
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695:
691:
687:
686:Buddhist text
679:
675:
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381:Vegetarianism
379:
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344:
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337:
336:Recollections
334:
332:
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327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
306:Five precepts
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
293:
290:
285:
284:
277:
274:
272:
271:Chinese canon
269:
267:
266:Tibetan canon
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
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51:
48:
47:
46:
45:
41:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
4173:Bodhisattvas
4093:Christianity
4088:Baháʼí Faith
3953:Dharmachakra
3943:Prayer wheel
3933:Prayer beads
3701:Architecture
3580:969 Movement
3364:Saudi Arabia
3342:Central Asia
3335:South Africa
3157:
3140:
3073:Panchen Lama
2978:Buddhapālita
2574:Satipatthana
2569:Mindful Yoga
2482:Recollection
2396:Brahmavihara
2267:Japanese Zen
2262:Chinese Chan
2222:Animal realm
2029:Key concepts
1851:Bodhisattvas
1663:Three Jewels
1492:Bibliography
1477:. Retrieved
1464:
1455:
1445:
1436:
1430:
1420:February 10,
1418:. Retrieved
1411:the original
1406:
1402:
1389:
1370:
1364:
1355:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1308:. Retrieved
1304:the original
1249:
1242:
1231:. Retrieved
1227:
1218:
1199:
1193:
1173:
1166:
1146:
1139:
1120:
1107:
1097:
1083:
1078:Harrassowitz
1073:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1009:
997:
983:
978:Heian period
919:
916:Translations
909:
895:
876:Tang dynasty
872:
858:
848:
840:
825:
803:
782:
775:
743:
741:
726:
703:
693:
669:
665:
663:
331:Merit making
296:Three Jewels
236:Buddhavacana
166:Impermanence
154:Dharma wheel
4018:Dharma talk
3847:Asalha Puja
3643:Eschatology
3446:Switzerland
3426:New Zealand
3354:Middle East
3263:Philippines
3183:Afghanistan
2988:Bodhidharma
2973:Buddhaghosa
2893:Householder
2803:Monasticism
2756:Bodhisattva
2611:Prostration
2564:Mindfulness
2492:Anapanasati
2475:Kammaṭṭhāna
2272:Korean Seon
2212:Asura realm
2207:Human realm
2147:Ten Fetters
2102:Parinirvana
2004:Uppalavanna
1969:Mahākaccana
1954:Mahākassapa
1886:Kṣitigarbha
1881:Ākāśagarbha
1778:Suddhodāna
1723:Four sights
1650:Foundations
1059:Lotus Sutra
905:金光明經四天王護国之寺
718:Dharmakṣema
566:New Zealand
421:Bodhisattva
406:Four Stages
361:Monasticism
341:Mindfulness
311:Perfections
241:Early Texts
4248:Categories
4135:Psychology
4115:Gnosticism
4103:Comparison
4098:Influences
4080:Comparison
3963:Bhavacakra
3921:Kushinagar
3896:Pilgrimage
3842:Māgha Pūjā
3797:Bodhi Tree
3613:Buddhology
3603:Abhidharma
3595:Philosophy
3528:Menander I
3396:Costa Rica
3347:Uzbekistan
3188:Bangladesh
3142:Dhammapada
3126:Pali Canon
3088:Ajahn Chah
3068:Dalai Lama
2968:Kumārajīva
2963:Vasubandhu
2938:The Buddha
2846:Zen master
2781:Sakadagami
2761:Buddhahood
2692:Pratimokṣa
2507:Shikantaza
2463:Meditation
2438:Deity yoga
2309:Madhyamaka
2202:Deva realm
2097:Mindstream
2047:Bodhicitta
1959:Aṅgulimāla
1826:Devadatta
1802:Yaśodharā
1705:The Buddha
1695:Middle Way
1531:University
1310:2021-04-26
1233:2021-04-26
1228:fodizi.net
1065:References
1000:Paramārtha
926:Old Turkic
844:Womb Realm
439:Traditions
376:Pilgrimage
316:Meditation
276:Post-canon
256:Pāli Canon
186:Middle Way
83:The Buddha
4203:Festivals
4183:Buddhists
4145:Theosophy
3948:Symbolism
3938:Hama yumi
3911:Bodh Gaya
3678:Socialism
3653:Evolution
3628:Economics
3466:Venezuela
3381:Australia
3376:Argentina
3300:Sri Lanka
3295:Singapore
3213:Indonesia
3175:Countries
3116:Tripiṭaka
3078:Ajahn Mun
2953:Nagarjuna
2948:Aśvaghoṣa
2831:Anagārika
2826:Śrāmaṇerī
2821:Śrāmaṇera
2816:Bhikkhunī
2776:Sotāpanna
2665:Passaddhi
2606:Offerings
2581:Nekkhamma
2458:Iddhipada
2378:Practices
2348:Theravada
2321:Vajrayana
2314:Yogachara
2284:Pure Land
2197:Six Paths
2184:Cosmology
1964:Anuruddha
1939:Sāriputta
1929:Kaundinya
1921:Disciples
1896:Vajrapāṇi
1748:Footprint
1713:Tathāgata
1277:cite book
1269:232153257
942:Mongolian
788:Sarasvatī
785:goddesses
586:Sri Lanka
576:Singapore
531:Indonesia
471:Vajrayāna
446:Theravāda
401:Awakening
289:Practices
246:Tripiṭaka
216:Cosmology
191:Emptiness
171:Suffering
4221:Category
4150:Violence
4120:Hinduism
4068:Sanskrit
4023:Hinayana
4008:Amitābha
3968:Swastika
3837:Uposatha
3827:Holidays
3812:Calendar
3658:Humanism
3496:Kanishka
3486:Timeline
3310:Thailand
3278:Kalmykia
3273:Buryatia
3258:Pakistan
3243:Mongolia
3238:Maldives
3233:Malaysia
3198:Cambodia
3063:Shamarpa
3058:Nichiren
3008:Xuanzang
2943:Nagasena
2861:Rinpoche
2591:Pāramitā
2433:Devotion
2353:Navayana
2341:Dzogchen
2304:Nichiren
2252:Mahayana
2244:Branches
2122:Saṅkhāra
1871:Mañjuśrī
1828:(cousin)
1820:(cousin)
1788:(mother)
1780:(father)
1768:Miracles
1718:Birthday
1635:Glossary
1608:Buddhism
1048:See also
1006:Japanese
954:Japanese
710:Sanskrit
690:Mahayana
678:Sanskrit
596:Thailand
556:Mongolia
551:Malaysia
516:Cambodia
481:Navayana
461:Hinayana
456:Mahāyāna
366:Lay life
196:Morality
176:Not-self
134:Concepts
93:Councils
78:Timeline
50:Glossary
32:Buddhism
24:a series
22:Part of
4198:Temples
4178:Buddhas
4140:Science
4130:Judaism
4125:Jainism
4043:Lineage
4003:Abhijñā
3973:Thangka
3916:Sarnath
3901:Lumbini
3822:Funeral
3817:Cuisine
3693:Culture
3668:Reality
3618:Creator
3608:Atomism
3478:History
3451:Ukraine
3411:Germany
3330:Senegal
3320:Vietnam
3248:Myanmar
3048:Shinran
3038:Karmapa
3013:Shandao
2983:Dignāga
2908:Śrāvaka
2888:Donchee
2883:Kappiya
2841:Sayadaw
2811:Bhikkhu
2786:Anāgāmi
2743:Nirvana
2709:Samadhi
2596:Paritta
2537:Tonglen
2532:Mandala
2487:Smarana
2468:Mantras
2416:Upekkha
2386:Bhavana
2336:Shingon
2289:Tiantai
2142:Tathātā
2132:Śūnyatā
2127:Skandha
2117:Saṃsāra
2112:Rebirth
2087:Kleshas
2077:Indriya
1979:Subhūti
1864:Guanyin
1818:Ānanda
1810:Rāhula
1690:Nirvana
1630:Outline
1479:May 13,
960:Chinese
863:Buddhas
853:of the
814:Chinese
792:Chinese
764:Chinese
714:Chinese
700:History
688:of the
684:) is a
606:Vietnam
561:Myanmar
476:Tibetan
466:Chinese
394:Nirvāṇa
211:Saṃsāra
206:Rebirth
71:History
60:Outline
4193:Sutras
4188:Suttas
4053:Siddhi
4038:Koliya
4013:Brahmā
3928:Poetry
3874:Mantra
3864:Kasaya
3736:Pagoda
3716:Kyaung
3711:Vihāra
3706:Temple
3648:Ethics
3491:Ashoka
3441:Sweden
3436:Poland
3431:Norway
3421:Mexico
3406:France
3391:Canada
3386:Brazil
3325:Africa
3305:Taiwan
3268:Russia
3193:Bhutan
3153:Vinaya
3033:Naropa
3023:Saraha
2958:Asanga
2714:Prajñā
2623:Refuge
2586:Nianfo
2547:Tertön
2542:Tantra
2527:Ganana
2517:Tukdam
2443:Dhyāna
2411:Mudita
2406:Karuṇā
2299:Risshū
2294:Huayan
2227:Naraka
2167:Anattā
2162:Dukkha
2157:Anicca
2062:Dharma
2014:Channa
1949:Ānanda
1934:Assaji
1901:Skanda
1804:(wife)
1773:Family
1753:Relics
1678:Sangha
1673:Dharma
1668:Buddha
1377:
1267:
1257:
1206:
1181:
1154:
1127:
1012:kunten
950:Korean
946:Manchu
934:Tangut
884:Baekje
836:bhikṣu
830:) and
824::
822:pinyin
816::
810:Lakṣmī
802::
800:pinyin
794::
774::
772:pinyin
766::
748:sutras
733:dharma
591:Taiwan
571:Russia
511:Brazil
506:Bhutan
426:Buddha
346:Wisdom
129:Dharma
4165:Lists
4033:Kalpa
4028:Iddhi
3891:Music
3886:Mudra
3852:Vassa
3832:Vesak
3802:Budai
3748:Candi
3731:Stupa
3663:Logic
3416:Italy
3315:Tibet
3253:Nepal
3223:Korea
3218:Japan
3208:India
3203:China
3148:Sutra
3103:Texts
3053:Dōgen
3043:Hōnen
3028:Atiśa
2993:Zhiyi
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2871:Tulku
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2009:Asita
1999:Khema
1989:Upāli
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