1651:
498:
1504:
230:
723:
170:
618:
543:
693:
1564:
1294:
1203:
1158:
1677:
1579:
392:
1053:
603:
377:
1444:
1173:
753:
349:
1519:
1008:
978:
648:
200:
1369:
1098:
1083:
1233:
1188:
1068:
1399:
873:
468:
1429:
1264:
903:
588:
245:
1474:
1414:
1324:
422:
215:
798:
1549:
1339:
933:
918:
738:
663:
528:
483:
305:
290:
185:
155:
1635:
1594:
1354:
1038:
828:
768:
708:
513:
453:
1384:
1128:
1023:
948:
888:
678:
558:
407:
1805:
1534:
1249:
1218:
1113:
858:
140:
275:
1143:
993:
633:
335:
320:
260:
843:
783:
1279:
1489:
1309:
573:
813:
362:
963:
1459:
1728:
establishes that a distinctive emblem should be worn by medical personnel on the field of battle as an indication of their humanitarian mission and their non-combatant status. At that time, the chosen symbol was a red cross on a white background. Muslim nations have objected to this symbol due to its
1720:
on the field of battle to be fired upon and to die while collecting and caring for the wounded. There was a growing recognition of the need to distinguish medical personnel from combatants, to make it easier for military commanders to avoid and protect them. Allowing each country to develop its own
1787:
In 2005, an international delegation finally achieved a comprehensive solution to these difficulties with the adoption of
Protocol III. Magen David Adom is granted protections under the Geneva Conventions as long as they display the Red Crystal in the context of international conflict. As of July
1703:
may be displayed by medical and religious personnel at times of war, instead of the traditional Red Cross or Red
Crescent symbols. People displaying any of these protective emblems are performing a humanitarian service and must be protected by all parties to the conflict.
1816:
recognizes an additional distinctive emblem, the Red
Crystal, that may be used in addition to, and for the same purposes as, the Red Cross and Red Crescent symbols. All three emblems are appointed the same legal status.
1852:. Misuse may diminish their protective value and undermine the effectiveness of humanitarian workers. Use of one of the emblems to protect combatants and military equipment with the intent of misleading an adversary is
1836:
of the protected status of individuals. Members of the armed forces may use these markings at all times. Civilian institutions such as hospitals may use these markings temporarily, within the context of an armed
2023:
The red lion and sun, while still a recognized protective symbol today, has fallen into disuse. Iran/Persia was the only country to use this symbol, and they have since switched to the Red
Crescent after the
2713:
2708:
1700:
2673:
1768:
1764:
They may be perceived as having religious, cultural or political connotations. This perception conflicts with neutral, humanitarian status of medical personnel in armed conflicts.
1824:
Protective use. Medical and religious personnel may mark themselves, their vehicles, ships and buildings as a sign of their humanitarian mission and protected status under the
2668:
2718:
2678:
1936:"Protocol additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem (Protocol III), 8 December 2005"
1910:"Protocol additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem (Protocol III), 8 December 2005"
56:
Protocol additional to the Geneva
Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem (Protocol III), 8 December 2005
1935:
2643:
1909:
2723:
2703:
2688:
1841:
2683:
2638:
2103:
1721:
emblem would have led to confusion. What was needed to save lives was a single neutral emblem that all countries recognized and used equally.
2693:
2283:
2175:
2523:
2373:
1962:
31:
2252:
1869:
2698:
1793:
2633:
2618:
2363:
2658:
2653:
2623:
2403:
1737:
introduced the Red
Crescent as an alternative, less Christian emblem. Additional emblems have been proposed, including the red
1638:
2733:
2663:
2343:
2063:
2728:
2538:
2503:
2478:
2648:
2278:
17:
2468:
2001:
2598:
2578:
2508:
2378:
2168:
42:
2603:
2553:
2453:
2348:
1779:, they were not granted membership. Without membership, they were not eligible for certain protections under the
2148:
1832:. The protections of the Geneva Convention do not depend on the wearing of the emblem. The emblems are merely a
2563:
2513:
2473:
2418:
2303:
2293:
35:
2588:
2573:
2568:
2548:
2533:
2428:
2328:
1613:
2628:
2613:
2488:
2438:
2433:
2408:
2393:
2383:
2368:
2353:
2313:
2308:
2298:
2288:
2086:
2608:
2593:
2558:
2543:
2528:
2518:
2493:
2483:
2463:
2443:
2423:
2413:
2398:
2358:
2333:
2323:
2318:
2273:
2161:
2583:
2498:
2458:
2448:
2338:
1991:
1844:
may wear the emblems in both times of conflict and times of peace as an indication of their membership.
2388:
2149:
Press release from the
International Committee of the Red Cross welcoming the signing of Protocol III
2040:"Crystallizing an emblem: on the adoption of the third additional protocol to the Geneva Conventions"
2109:
2213:
2203:
2143:
2138:
1760:
Over time the adoption of a single, universal emblem has been met with two recurrent difficulties:
1742:
2208:
2198:
1829:
1725:
1680:
The Red
Crystal emblem approved by the States party to the Protocol III of the Geneva Conventions
1745:, the double emblem (both the red cross and red crescent together) by the Red Cross Society of
175:
2039:
1968:
1650:
235:
1872:: includes a list of states that signed and a list of states that have ratified Protocol III
1813:
1796:
by 79 countries and signed by a further 20. The treaty came into force on 14 January 2007.
1688:
64:
8:
295:
2184:
2025:
1825:
1780:
1692:
1238:
728:
1695:
relating to the
Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem. Under the protocol, the
2059:
1997:
1849:
833:
353:
2051:
1772:
1754:
1730:
1696:
1208:
1734:
1713:
1569:
698:
2055:
2267:
1776:
1750:
1584:
1058:
120:
Six months after two instruments of ratification or accession were deposited
1738:
1717:
1654:
A map showing the current status of
Protocol by country, as of July 2020:
608:
382:
2108:. International Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. 2007. Archived from
1771:. Members are required to use the red cross or red crescent emblem. Since
1676:
2234:
1885:
1509:
1449:
1299:
1178:
1163:
758:
2229:
2134:
Committee of the Red Cross: Full text of Protocol III with commentaries
2133:
1875:
1820:
There are two distinct uses that are recognized for all three emblems:
1642:
1524:
1374:
1103:
1088:
1013:
983:
653:
205:
2153:
1888:, a 1977 amendment adopted relating to the protection of victims of
1857:
1404:
1193:
1073:
878:
503:
473:
2144:
List of countries that have signed but not yet ratified Protocol III
1878:, a 1977 amendment adopted addressing the protection of victims in
1804:
1789:
1479:
1434:
1419:
1329:
1269:
908:
593:
427:
250:
220:
1716:
had become increasingly indiscriminate. It was not uncommon for a
2714:
Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
2709:
Treaties extended to South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1853:
1746:
1599:
1554:
1359:
1344:
1043:
938:
923:
848:
803:
773:
743:
713:
668:
548:
533:
518:
488:
458:
310:
190:
160:
1539:
1494:
1389:
1314:
1254:
1223:
1133:
1118:
1028:
953:
893:
863:
818:
683:
623:
578:
563:
412:
367:
145:
1964:
Towards a comprehensive solution to the question of the emblem
1464:
1148:
998:
968:
638:
340:
325:
280:
265:
41:"Geneva Protocol III" redirects here. For other topics, see
1284:
788:
397:
1967:. International Committee of the Red Cross. Archived from
166:
2674:
Treaties extended to the British Indian Ocean Territory
2050:. International Committee of the Red Cross: 296–319.
2669:
Treaties extended to the British Antarctic Territory
1570:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
719:
1623:English, Arabic, Chinese, Spanish, French, Russian
2719:Treaties extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands
2139:List of countries that have ratified Protocol III
1199:
2265:
1993:Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949: Commentary
1560:
689:
2679:Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands
1575:
1049:
599:
373:
2644:Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles
2169:
1500:
1440:
1290:
1169:
1154:
749:
1996:. International Committee of the Red Cross.
1808:Norwegian medics wearing a protective emblem
1767:These emblems are tied to membership in the
1515:
1365:
1094:
1079:
1004:
974:
644:
196:
2089:. International Committee of the Red Cross.
1395:
1229:
1184:
1064:
869:
494:
464:
2724:Treaties extended to Akrotiri and Dhekelia
2176:
2162:
2044:Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law
1470:
1425:
1410:
1320:
1260:
899:
584:
418:
241:
211:
32:Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons
2704:Treaties extended to the Pitcairn Islands
2689:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands
2098:
2096:
1870:List of parties to the Geneva Conventions
1848:Misuse of these emblems is prohibited by
1590:
1545:
1350:
1335:
1034:
929:
914:
839:
824:
794:
764:
734:
704:
659:
539:
524:
509:
479:
449:
301:
286:
181:
151:
1940:International Committee of the Red Cross
1914:International Committee of the Red Cross
1803:
1675:
1649:
1530:
1485:
1380:
1305:
1245:
1214:
1124:
1109:
1019:
944:
884:
854:
809:
674:
614:
569:
554:
403:
358:
136:
2684:Treaties extended to the Cayman Islands
1960:
1455:
1139:
989:
959:
629:
331:
316:
271:
256:
226:
30:For Protocol III to the United Nations
14:
2639:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
2266:
2183:
2093:
2037:
1989:
1275:
779:
388:
2157:
1983:
2694:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
2284:Treaties entered into force in 2007
1775:was unwilling to give up their red
1712:By the middle of the 19th century,
24:
2524:Treaties of the State of Palestine
2374:Treaties of the Dominican Republic
2087:"States party to the Protocol III"
1799:
25:
2745:
2127:
1633:
1592:
1577:
1562:
1547:
1532:
1517:
1502:
1487:
1472:
1457:
1442:
1427:
1412:
1397:
1382:
1367:
1352:
1337:
1322:
1307:
1292:
1277:
1262:
1247:
1231:
1216:
1201:
1186:
1171:
1156:
1141:
1126:
1111:
1096:
1081:
1066:
1051:
1036:
1021:
1006:
991:
976:
961:
946:
931:
916:
901:
886:
871:
856:
841:
826:
811:
796:
781:
766:
751:
736:
721:
706:
691:
676:
661:
646:
631:
616:
601:
586:
571:
556:
541:
526:
511:
496:
481:
466:
451:
420:
405:
390:
375:
360:
347:
333:
318:
303:
288:
273:
258:
243:
228:
213:
198:
183:
168:
153:
138:
43:Geneva Protocol (disambiguation)
2699:Treaties extended to Montserrat
1840:Indicative use. Members of the
51:Geneva Conventions Protocol III
2634:Treaties extended to Greenland
2619:Treaties of the United Kingdom
2364:Treaties of the Czech Republic
2079:
2031:
2017:
1954:
1928:
1902:
1639:Geneva Convention/Protocol III
36:Protocol on Incendiary Weapons
13:
1:
2659:Treaties extended to Guernsey
2654:Treaties extended to Anguilla
2624:Treaties of the United States
2404:Treaties of Georgia (country)
1896:
2734:Treaties concluded in Geneva
2664:Treaties extended to Bermuda
2344:Treaties of the Cook Islands
1788:2024, Protocol III has been
1665: State signatories (21)
7:
2729:Treaties extended to Jersey
2539:Treaties of the Philippines
2504:Treaties of the Netherlands
2479:Treaties of North Macedonia
2038:Pulles, Gerrit Jan (2005).
1863:
428:United Republic of Tanzania
10:
2750:
2649:Treaties extended to Aruba
2279:Treaties concluded in 2005
1961:Bugnion, Francois (2000).
1707:
1242:(non-state observer of UN)
40:
29:
2469:Treaties of Liechtenstein
2248:
2222:
2191:
2056:10.1017/S1389135905002965
1632:
1627:
1619:
1609:
437:
124:
116:
105:14 January 2007
101:
93:
82:8 December 2005
78:
70:
60:
55:
2214:Fourth Geneva Convention
2204:Second Geneva Convention
1812:Article 2 of this brief
1733:. As early as 1876, the
1659: State parties (77)
1585:United States of America
2599:Treaties of Switzerland
2579:Treaties of South Sudan
2509:Treaties of New Zealand
2379:Treaties of El Salvador
2209:Third Geneva Convention
2199:First Geneva Convention
1830:First Geneva Convention
2604:Treaties of East Timor
2554:Treaties of San Marino
2454:Treaties of Kazakhstan
2349:Treaties of Costa Rica
1809:
1726:1864 Geneva Convention
1681:
1673:
176:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2564:Treaties of Singapore
2514:Treaties of Nicaragua
2474:Treaties of Lithuania
2419:Treaties of Guatemala
2304:Treaties of Australia
2294:Treaties of Argentina
1990:Pictet, Jean (1958).
1807:
1679:
1653:
1614:Swiss Federal Council
2589:Treaties of Suriname
2574:Treaties of Slovenia
2569:Treaties of Slovakia
2549:Treaties of Portugal
2534:Treaties of Paraguay
2429:Treaties of Honduras
2329:Treaties of Bulgaria
1856:and is considered a
1687:is a 2005 amendment
2629:Treaties of Uruguay
2614:Treaties of Ukraine
2489:Treaties of Moldova
2439:Treaties of Iceland
2434:Treaties of Hungary
2409:Treaties of Germany
2394:Treaties of Finland
2384:Treaties of Estonia
2369:Treaties of Denmark
2354:Treaties of Croatia
2314:Treaties of Belarus
2309:Treaties of Austria
2299:Treaties of Armenia
2289:Treaties of Albania
2112:on 25 February 2011
2105:Emblems of humanity
1828:, particularly the
1729:resemblance to the
1345:Republic of Moldova
52:
18:Geneva Protocol III
2609:Treaties of Uganda
2594:Treaties of Sweden
2559:Treaties of Serbia
2544:Treaties of Poland
2529:Treaties of Panama
2519:Treaties of Norway
2494:Treaties of Monaco
2484:Treaties of Mexico
2464:Treaties of Latvia
2444:Treaties of Israel
2424:Treaties of Guyana
2414:Treaties of Greece
2399:Treaties of France
2359:Treaties of Cyprus
2334:Treaties of Canada
2324:Treaties of Brazil
2319:Treaties of Belize
2274:Geneva Conventions
2185:Geneva Conventions
2026:Iranian Revolution
1826:Geneva Conventions
1810:
1781:Geneva Conventions
1769:National Societies
1693:Geneva Conventions
1682:
1674:
729:Dominican Republic
368:Russian Federation
338:
50:
2584:Treaties of Spain
2499:Treaties of Nauru
2459:Treaties of Kenya
2449:Treaties of Italy
2339:Treaties of Chile
2261:
2260:
2065:978-90-6704-244-4
1890:non-international
1850:international law
1648:
1647:
354:Republic of Korea
74:5–8 December 2005
16:(Redirected from
2741:
2389:Treaties of Fiji
2178:
2171:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2035:
2029:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1906:
1892:armed conflicts.
1773:Magen David Adom
1755:Magen David Adom
1670:
1664:
1658:
1637:
1636:
1602:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1001:
997:
995:
994:
986:
982:
980:
979:
971:
967:
965:
964:
956:
952:
950:
949:
941:
937:
935:
934:
926:
922:
920:
919:
911:
907:
905:
904:
896:
892:
890:
889:
881:
877:
875:
874:
866:
862:
860:
859:
851:
847:
845:
844:
836:
832:
830:
829:
821:
817:
815:
814:
806:
802:
800:
799:
791:
787:
785:
784:
776:
772:
770:
769:
761:
757:
755:
754:
746:
742:
740:
739:
731:
727:
725:
724:
716:
712:
710:
709:
701:
697:
695:
694:
686:
682:
680:
679:
671:
667:
665:
664:
656:
652:
650:
649:
641:
637:
635:
634:
626:
622:
620:
619:
611:
607:
605:
604:
596:
592:
590:
589:
581:
577:
575:
574:
566:
562:
560:
559:
551:
547:
545:
544:
536:
532:
530:
529:
521:
517:
515:
514:
506:
502:
500:
499:
491:
487:
485:
484:
476:
472:
470:
469:
461:
457:
455:
454:
430:
426:
424:
423:
415:
411:
409:
408:
400:
396:
394:
393:
385:
381:
379:
378:
370:
366:
364:
363:
352:
351:
350:
343:
339:
337:
336:
328:
324:
322:
321:
313:
309:
307:
306:
298:
294:
292:
291:
283:
279:
277:
276:
268:
264:
262:
261:
253:
249:
247:
246:
238:
234:
232:
231:
223:
219:
217:
216:
208:
204:
202:
201:
193:
189:
187:
186:
178:
174:
172:
171:
163:
159:
157:
156:
148:
144:
142:
141:
112:
110:
89:
87:
53:
49:
21:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2253:List of parties
2244:
2218:
2187:
2182:
2130:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2102:
2101:
2094:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1971:on 14 July 2011
1959:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1866:
1802:
1800:Governing rules
1731:Christian cross
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2240:Protocol III
2239:
2114:. Retrieved
2110:the original
2104:
2081:
2069:. Retrieved
2047:
2043:
2033:
2019:
2007:. Retrieved
1992:
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1973:. Retrieved
1969:the original
1963:
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1834:visible sign
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1739:lion and sun
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1718:combat medic
1711:
1685:Protocol III
1684:
1683:
1507:
609:Burkina Faso
383:Sierra Leone
47:
2235:Protocol II
2192:Conventions
1886:Protocol II
1757:of Israel.
1701:Red Crystal
1510:Switzerland
1450:South Sudan
1300:Philippines
1179:New Zealand
1164:Netherlands
759:El Salvador
125:Signatories
27:2005 treaty
2268:Categories
2230:Protocol I
1897:References
1882:conflicts.
1876:Protocol I
1794:acceded to
1643:Wikisource
1610:Depositary
1525:East Timor
1375:San Marino
1104:Madagascar
1089:Luxembourg
1014:Kyrgyzstan
984:Kazakhstan
654:Costa Rica
206:Cape Verde
109:2007-01-14
86:2005-12-08
2223:Protocols
1858:war crime
1837:conflict.
1628:Full text
1620:Languages
1405:Singapore
1239:Palestine
1194:Nicaragua
1074:Lithuania
879:Guatemala
504:Australia
474:Argentina
444:79 States
131:20 States
117:Condition
102:Effective
2116:5 August
2071:4 August
2009:4 August
1975:4 August
1864:See also
1842:movement
1814:protocol
1790:ratified
1689:protocol
1480:Suriname
1435:Slovenia
1420:Slovakia
1330:Portugal
1270:Paraguay
909:Honduras
594:Bulgaria
251:Ethiopia
221:Colombia
94:Location
65:Protocol
1946:9 April
1920:1 April
1854:perfidy
1747:Eritrea
1708:History
1699:of the
1691:to the
1600:Uruguay
1555:Ukraine
1360:Romania
1044:Lesotho
939:Iceland
924:Hungary
849:Germany
834:Georgia
804:Finland
774:Estonia
744:Ecuador
714:Denmark
669:Croatia
549:Belgium
534:Belarus
519:Austria
489:Armenia
459:Albania
438:Parties
311:Jamaica
296:Ireland
191:Burundi
161:Bolivia
107: (
84: (
71:Drafted
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1743:Persia
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97:Geneva
79:Signed
34:, see
1942:. n.d
1916:. n.d
1465:Spain
1149:Nauru
999:Kenya
969:Italy
639:Chile
341:Nepal
326:Malta
281:Haiti
266:Ghana
236:Congo
2118:2009
2073:2009
2060:ISBN
2011:2009
1998:ISBN
1977:2009
1948:2019
1922:2019
1724:The
1285:Peru
789:Fiji
398:Togo
61:Type
2052:doi
1792:or
1753:by
1741:of
1641:at
2270::
2095:^
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2177:e
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2048:8
2028:.
2013:.
1979:.
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1783:.
111:)
88:)
45:.
38:.
20:)
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