6387:
1415:
6319:
member state would have more than one
Commissioner. However, the treaty was rejected by voters in Ireland in 2008 with one main concern being the loss of their Commissioner. Hence a guarantee given for a rerun of the vote was that the council would use its power to amend the number of Commissioners upwards. However, according to the treaties it still has to be fewer than the total number of members, thus it was proposed that the member state that does not get a Commissioner would get the post of High Representative – the so-called 26+1 formula. This guarantee (which may find its way into the next treaty amendment, probably in an accession treaty) contributed to the Irish approving the treaty in a second referendum in 2009.
7081:
1095:
6708:
6186:
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1918:
4296:
3408:
4366:
5574:
4983:
4456:
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4407:
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478:
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1966:
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5151:
4624:
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3295:
1791:
712:
4741:
4270:
6534:. This monopoly has been challenged by some who claim the Parliament should also have the right, with most national parliaments holding the right in some respects. However, the Council and Parliament may request the commission to draft legislation, though the Commission does have the power to refuse to do so as it did in 2008 over transnational collective conventions. Under the Lisbon Treaty, EU citizens are also able to request the commission to legislate in an area via
1954:
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5127:
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5706:
5115:
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419:
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673:
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1990:
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777:
491:
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2012:
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621:
504:
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2034:
1830:
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556:
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465:
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7169:
6051:
6872:. Each covers a specific policy area such as agriculture or justice and citizens' rights or internal services such as human resources and translation and is headed by a director-general who is responsible to a commissioner. A commissioner's portfolio can be supported by numerous DGs; they prepare proposals for them and if approved by a majority of commissioners proposals go forward to the Parliament and Council for consideration. The
4340:
4093:
3243:
3100:
1739:
1596:
660:
517:
4754:
4283:
4054:
3191:
1687:
608:
5730:
5634:
5139:
5043:
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4516:
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1519:
4132:
3282:
1778:
699:
5826:
5235:
4708:
3829:
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5754:
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4636:
4041:
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595:
5622:
5031:
4504:
3544:
3900:
4236:
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1882:
803:
5682:
5091:
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4158:
3592:
3308:
1804:
725:
4028:
3165:
1661:
582:
5814:
5223:
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3700:
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3230:
1726:
647:
7049:. For the first time, the European Commission proposed that medical preparedness for CBRN attack threats is a high priority. "The European Commission's (EC) Action Plan to enhance preparedness against CBRN security risks is part of its anti-terrorism package released in October 2017, a strategy aimed at better protecting the more than 511 million citizens across the 27 member states of the European Union (EU)."
4223:
3373:
1869:
790:
4789:
6679:" of 27 members, including the President and vice-presidents. Even though each member is nominated on the basis of the suggestions made by the national governments, one per state, they do not represent their state in the commission. In practice, however, they do occasionally press for their national interest. Once proposed, the President delegates
7045:(CBRN) security risks as part of its anti-terrorism package released in October 2017. In recent times Europe has seen an increased threat level of CBRN attacks. As such, the European Commission's preparedness plan is important, said Steven Neville Chatfield, a director for the Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response in the United Kingdom's
7008:, deals with technical areas of policy and therefore ought to be removed from party politics. From this viewpoint, electoral pressures would undermine the commission's role as an independent regulator. Defenders of the Commission point out that legislation must be approved by the Council in all areas (the ministers of member states) and the
7020:
scientific evidence against biofuel subsidies. Lack of transparency, unclear lobbyist relations, conflicts of interests and excessive spending of the commission was highlighted in a number of reports by internal and independent auditing organisations. It has also been criticised on IT-related issues, particularly with regard to
6299:
enlargement in 2004 to 25 members; hence, the number of
Commissioners at the end of the Prodi Commission had reached 30. As a result of the increase in the number of states, the Amsterdam Treaty triggered a reduction in the number of Commissioners to one per state, rather than two for the larger states.
6974:
As the commission is the executive branch, candidates are chosen individually by the 27 national governments. Within the EU, the legitimacy of the commission is mainly drawn from the vote of approval that is required from the
European Parliament, along with its power to dismiss the body. Eurosceptics
6932:
As an integral part of the
Directorate-General for Communication, the Spokesperson's Service, in coordination with the Executive Communication Adviser in the President's Cabinet, supports the President and Commissioners so that they can communicate effectively. On political communication matters, the
6758:
which will question them and then vote on their suitability as a whole. If the
European Parliament submits a negative opinion of a candidate, the President must either reshuffle them or request a new candidate from the member state to avoid the college's outright rejection by the European Parliament.
6508:
Considering that under the Treaty of Lisbon, the
European Council has become a formal institution with the power of appointing the commission, it could be said that the two bodies hold the executive power of the EU (the European Council also holds individual national executive powers). However, it is
7071:
The goal of this data strategy is to create a single market for data in which data flows across the EU and across sectors while maintaining full respect for privacy and data protection, where access rules are fair, and where the
European economy benefits enormously as a global player as a result of
6821:
took office in late 2004 after being delayed by objections from the
Parliament, which forced a reshuffle. In 2007 the Commission increased from 25 to 27 members with the accession of Romania and Bulgaria who each appointed their own Commissioners. With the increasing size of the commission, Barroso
6557:
by 2050. This is opposed to weighting regulations for their effect on the economy. Thus, the
Commission often proposes stricter legislation than other countries. Owing to the size of the European market, this has made EU legislation an important influence in the global market. On February 23, 2022,
6318:
in
January 2007, this clause took effect for the next Commission. The Treaty of Lisbon, which came into force on 1 December 2009, mandated a reduction of the number of commissioners to two-thirds of member-states from 2014 unless the Council decided otherwise. Membership would rotate equally and no
7003:
may go some way to resolving the perceived deficit in creating greater democratic controls on the commission, including enshrining the procedure of linking elections to the selection of the Commission president. Historically, the commission had indeed been seen as a technocratic expert body which,
6808:
Only the President can request the resignation of an individual Commissioner. However, individual Commissioners, by request of the council or Commission, can be compelled to retire on account of a breach of obligation(s) and if so ruled by the European Court of Justice (Art. 245 and 247, Treaty on
6500:
came into force, the executive power of the EU was held by the council: it conferred on the Commission such powers for it to exercise. However, the council was allowed to withdraw these powers, exercise them directly, or impose conditions on their use. This aspect has been changed by the Treaty of
6217:
noted the work of Delors at the end of his second term in 1992: "Mr. Delors rescued the European Community from the doldrums. He arrived when Europessimism was at its worst. Although he was a little-known former French finance minister, he breathed life and hope into the EC and into the dispirited
6937:
complexity. Where there are multiple departments involved a press release can also be a source of competition between areas of the Commission and Commissioners themselves. This also leads to an unusually high number of press releases, and is seen as a unique product of the EU's political set-up.
6928:
briefings, commonly known as the "Midday Presser". It takes place every weekday in the commission's press room at the Berlaymont where journalists may ask questions to the Commission officials on any topic and legitimately expect to get an "on the record" answer for live TV. Such a situation is
6298:
became president in 2004: the Parliament once again asserted itself in objecting to the proposed membership of the Barroso Commission. Owing to this opposition, Barroso was forced to reshuffle his College before taking office. The Barroso Commission was also the first full Commission since the
6309:
Barroso's first Commission term expired on 31 October 2009. Under the Treaty of Nice, the first Commission to be appointed after the number of member states reached 27 would have to be reduced to "less than the number of Member States". The exact number of Commissioners was to be decided by a
7019:
of citizens' complaints against EU institutions, with most of them filed against the commission (66%) and concerning lack of transparency (36%). In 2010 the commission was sued for blocking access to documents on EU biofuel policy. This happened after media accused the Commission of blocking
6306:, reported alleged fraud and abuses in his department in the years 2002–2004 to OLAF, and was fired as a result. In 2008, Paul van Buitenen (the former auditor known from the Santer Commission scandal) accused the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) of a lack of independence and effectiveness.
6936:
It has been noted by one researcher that the press releases issued by the commission are uniquely political. A release often goes through several stages of drafting which emphasises the role of the commission and is used "for justifying the EU and the Commission" increasing their length and
6463:
The commission was set up from the start to act as an independent supranational authority separate from governments; it has been described as "the only body paid to think European". The members are proposed by their member state governments, one from each. However, they are bound to act
6434:
In September 2024, Von der Leyen revealed her new team of European Commissioners, marking a shift to a "leaner" and more interconnected structure. The lineup featured six executive vice-presidents (EVPs) from France, Finland, Estonia, Italy, Romania, and Spain. These EVPs, including
6483:
the commission has several responsibilities: to develop medium-term strategies; to draft legislation and arbitrate in the legislative process; to represent the EU in trade negotiations; to make rules and regulations, for example in competition policy; to draw up the
7024:. In September 2020, the European Commission put forward an Anti-Racism Action Plan to tackle the structural racism in the European Union, including measures to address the lack of racial diversity among the European decision makers in Brussels, as denounced by the
6895:
According to figures published by the commission, 23,803 persons were employed by the commission as officials and temporary agents in September 2012. In addition to these, 9230 "external staff" (e.g. Contractual agents, detached national experts, young experts,
6606:
2861:
7386:
6480:
6789:, appointed from the three largest political groups in the European Parliament. Unlike the other vice-presidents, their mission is to manage the incumbent Commission's top priority policy areas, for which they receive additional support from a dedicated
6218:
Brussels Commission. In his first term, from 1985 to 1988, he rallied Europe to the call of the single market, and when appointed to a second term he began urging Europeans toward the far more ambitious goals of economic, monetary, and political union".
7108:
to attend the Parliament's debates. The Members of the Commission and their "cabinets" (immediate teams) are also based in the Berlaymont building in Brussels. Additionally, the European Commission has in-house scientific facilities that support it in:
6145:(the United Kingdom as a large member was granted two Commissioners), which dealt with the enlarged community during economic and international instability at that time. The external representation of the Community took a step forward when President
6780:
rather than by appointment and confirmation. Commonly referred to as the 'HR/VP' position, the High Representative also coordinates commissioners' activities involving the external relations and defence cooperation of the European Union. The
10197:
on CVCE website – Multimedia website with historical information on the European integration Studies. No such material is found on the page. This page contains a legal Notice and warning about copyrighted material. Retrieved 18 April
12328:
6891:
as the different departments and Commissioners compete with each other. Furthermore, the DGs can exercise considerable control over a Commissioner with the Commissioner having little time to learn to assert control over their staff.
10888:
945:
6464:
independently – free from other influences such as those governments which appointed them. This is in contrast to the Council of the European Union, which represents governments, the European Parliament, which represents
6117:
saw a temporary increase to 14 members—although subsequent Commissions were reduced back to nine, following the formula of one member for small states and two for larger states. The Rey Commission completed the Community's
6530:. In the other fields, the Council and Parliament can request legislation; in most cases the Commission initiates on the basis of these proposals. This monopoly is designed to ensure coordinated and coherent drafting of
1173:
then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President, and the 27 members as a team are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament. The current Commission is the
6987:
for the position of Commission President calls the position's legitimacy into question in the eyes of some Eurosceptics. The fact that the commission can directly decide (albeit with oversight from specially formed
1005:
10964:
935:
10868:
9696:
6825:
However, under Barroso, the commission began to lose ground to the larger member states as countries such as France, the UK and Germany sought to sideline its role. This has increased with the creation of the
6334:, would chair the Council of the European Union's foreign affairs meetings as well as the commission's external relations duties. The treaty further provides that the most recent European elections should be "
6501:
Lisbon, after which the Commission exercises its powers just by virtue of the treaties. Powers are more restricted than most national executives, in part due to the commission's lack of power over areas like
9873:
8473:
6525:
in the EU. Only the commission can make formal proposals for legislation: they cannot originate in the legislative branches. Under the Treaty of Lisbon, no legislative act is allowed in the field of the
965:
1370:
9100:
6771:
6327:
5473:
1020:
6691:, who holds a highly visible position with global reach. Before the commission can assume office, the college as a whole must be approved by the Parliament. Commissioners are supported by their
1395:). The High Authority was the supranational administrative executive of the new European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). It took office first on 10 August 1952 in Luxembourg City. In 1958, the
10838:
2278:
2046:
900:
8340:
8270:
6593:, from a European ship, prompted the commission to look into legislation against toxic waste. at that time did not even have a crime against shipping toxic waste; this led the Commissioners
1134:, informally known as "Commissioners") headed by a President. It includes an administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants. The commission is divided into departments known as
12772:
10913:
6455:
as EVP for Tech Sovereignty and Digital Technologies. The Commission also introduced new roles like the Commissioner for Defence and Security and the Commissioner for the Mediterranean.
1460:, his Commission stamped its authority solidly enough to allow future Commissions to be taken more seriously. In 1965, however, accumulating differences between the French government of
12777:
7542:
1407:(Euratom). However, their executives were called "Commissions" rather than "High Authorities". The reason for the change in name was the new relationship between the executives and the
12487:
10949:
7269:
1411:. Some states, such as France, expressed reservations over the power of the High Authority and wished to limit it by giving more power to the Council rather than the new executives.
12192:
10959:
7859:"Second report on Reform of the Commission. Analysis of current practice and proposals for tackling mismanagement, irregularities, and fraud. Committee of Independent Experts, 1999"
6277:
took office. The Amsterdam Treaty had increased the commission's powers and Prodi was dubbed by the press as something akin to a Prime Minister. Powers were strengthened again; the
2523:
970:
7437:
11077:
10863:
6617:
Once legislation is passed by the Council and Parliament, it is the commission's responsibility to ensure it is implemented. It does this through the member states or through its
920:
9053:
6488:; and to scrutinise the implementation of the treaties and legislation. The rules of procedure of the European Commission set out the commission's operation and organisation.
2469:
2426:
2418:
10703:
6411:
on 16 July 2019, following her confirmation. She had not been considered a likely candidate (in general, the elected candidate is determined, according to the results of the
1363:
12782:
11591:
10725:
10235:
9749:
5938:
10213:
6431:
declared a list of candidate-commissioners, which are sent to Brussels by the governments of each member state and which had to be officially approved by the parliament.
915:
9418:
6609:, and on an amendment to the 2002 counter-terrorism framework decision, outlawing terrorism‑related incitement, recruitment (especially via the internet) and training.
12460:
6684:
1444:. It achieved agreement on a contentious cereal price accord, as well as making a positive impression upon third countries when it made its international debut at the
9700:
12187:
10828:
9799:
8058:
7411:
6901:
6750:
is proposed by their member state (except for those states who provided the President and High Representative) in consultation with the Commission President and the
2554:
1922:
880:
8319:
12665:
11700:
9723:
7676:
6621:. In adopting the necessary technical measures, the commission is assisted by committees made up of representatives of member states and of the public and private
6088:
2509:
1356:
8980:
10264:
8447:
7105:
6921:
1384:
1323:
9865:
6904:, with a 2309-strong staff, while the largest group by nationality is Belgian (18.7%), probably due to a majority (17,664) of staff being based in the country.
12854:
10903:
10853:
8469:
7182:
7150:
6203:
The Commission headed by Jacques Delors was seen as giving the Community a sense of direction and dynamism. Delors and his College are also considered as the "
2514:
990:
910:
7012:
in most areas before it can be adopted, thus the amount of legislation which is adopted in any one country without the approval of its government is limited.
12499:
12347:
11497:
6969:
4777:
2236:
10080:
8840:
7620:
7594:
7328:
12177:
11082:
10046:
8202:
6236:. As a result of a fraud and corruption scandal, the entire Santer Commission was forced by the Parliament to resign in 1999; a central role was played by
955:
7921:
7780:
7646:
12028:
11852:
11563:
11256:
11251:
11246:
9914:
8229:
7728:
5301:
2625:
8084:
10918:
10883:
10848:
7568:
6185:
2723:
1970:
995:
9384:
8112:
12399:
12358:
12312:
10908:
9214:
3455:
2771:
1010:
9665:
8344:
7698:
6640:
In particular the commission has a duty to ensure the treaties and law are upheld, potentially by taking member states or other institutions to the
10718:
10228:
9776:
8916:
8266:
6687:
has been growing in importance, in line with the rise in the importance of education and culture in European policy-making. Another example is the
6559:
6541:
The commission's powers in proposing law have usually centred on economic regulation. It has put forward a large number of regulations based on a "
6505: – that power is held by the Council of the European Union and the European Council, which some analysts have described as another executive.
6338:" when appointing the President of the European Commission, and although they are still proposed by the European Council; the European Parliament "
2663:
2585:
2479:
6386:
11695:
11201:
10687:
8775:
8421:
5932:
2900:
2405:
1015:
7218:
6545:". This means that pre-emptive regulation takes place if there is a credible hazard to the environment or human health: for example on tackling
11143:
11002:
10923:
10878:
10733:
9507:
6303:
1000:
950:
8539:
11757:
11261:
10898:
10858:
9980:
8587:
7538:
7187:
6897:
2272:
1958:
1414:
985:
9947:
9351:
8713:
12141:
11610:
11449:
11444:
11439:
11062:
11029:
11007:
10243:
7265:
6877:
6443:, were tasked with overseeing various clusters of Commissioners and steering key policy areas such as prosperity, security, and democracy.
6323:
6081:
2718:
2366:
1456:
and started to have a notable impact on national legislation. Little heed was taken of his administration at first but, with help from the
10207:
9297:
12660:
12276:
11673:
11052:
10974:
10711:
10221:
8248:
6724:
5928:
4825:
2570:
2504:
2494:
2024:
2002:
1896:
8561:
7433:
6126:. Despite Rey being the first President of the combined communities, Hallstein is seen as the first President of the modern Commission.
13513:
12847:
12470:
12182:
12156:
12055:
11553:
9807:
8674:
5950:
2633:
1994:
1946:
1910:
9241:
8168:
7463:
7088:
The commission's political seat is in Brussels with the President's office and the commission's meeting room on the 13th floor of the
6683:
among each of the members. The power of a Commissioner largely depends upon their portfolio, and can vary over time. For example, the
6590:
12792:
11752:
11646:
8296:
8008:
7321:"European Council Decision of 27 June 2014 proposing to the European Parliament a candidate for President of the European Commission"
6786:
6767:
6331:
4845:
2999:
2673:
2613:
2351:
2176:
2038:
2016:
1982:
12588:
12583:
9045:
8735:
2986:
13518:
12509:
12431:
11266:
10103:
7298:
6940:
There is a larger press corps in Brussels than Washington, D.C.; in 2020, media outlets in every Union member-state had a Brussels
6754:, who formally adopts the list of candidates. The President's proposed College of Commissioners is then subject to hearings at the
6378:, as his chief of cabinet. During the Juncker presidency Selmayr has been described as "the most powerful EU chief of staff ever."
5913:
5422:
4840:
9546:
8886:
8857:
8620:
8371:
7862:
6423:
had won the European Parliament election, they had performed worse than expected and therefore nominated von der Leyen instead of
12681:
12536:
12450:
10803:
9457:
6887:
There has been criticism from a number of people that the highly fragmented DG structure wastes a considerable amount of time in
6645:
6074:
5883:
5578:
5466:
1500:
930:
9753:
1208:, the commission has undergone numerous changes in power and composition under various presidents, involving three Communities.
12060:
11973:
11817:
11782:
11651:
11583:
11474:
11469:
11464:
11459:
11408:
11241:
11067:
11057:
10944:
10833:
7803:
6975:
have therefore raised the concern of the relatively low turnout (often less than 50%) in elections for the European Parliament
6680:
6447:
was appointed despite criticism from European socialists over his hard-right affiliations. Other notable appointments included
6315:
5848:
5838:
2969:
2905:
2758:
2738:
2728:
2651:
2533:
2452:
1449:
975:
890:
10201:
8812:
6770:
from among the commissioners. Vice-Presidents manage policy areas involving multiple Commissioners. One of these includes the
6061:
12840:
12754:
12725:
12610:
12504:
12307:
11656:
11578:
11548:
11399:
11072:
10982:
10150:
9426:
9328:
8964:
7975:
7944:
7842:
7517:
6688:
5973:
5366:
5341:
2957:
895:
12650:
12605:
12519:
12067:
11747:
11661:
11641:
11558:
11318:
10997:
10692:
10677:
10251:
8035:
7364:
6716:
6644:
in a dispute. In this role it is known informally as the "Guardian of the Treaties". Finally, the Commission provides some
6412:
5978:
5923:
5898:
5878:
5873:
5843:
5746:
5329:
5083:
4810:
4803:
2561:
2390:
2383:
2341:
2134:
1934:
1154:
831:
10194:
9811:
9180:
8062:
7407:
12762:
12720:
12465:
12165:
12038:
11934:
11236:
11194:
11087:
11047:
10873:
10843:
10798:
8499:
5918:
5908:
5903:
5893:
5858:
5853:
5356:
3434:
3009:
2944:
1030:
960:
905:
17:
7750:
7668:
7064:
The European Commission issued a new multi-year data plan in February 2020 pushing the digitalization of all aspects of
6739:. If the European Parliament fails to elect the candidate, the European Council shall propose another within one month.
6578:
is expected to be officially adopted in 2024 and then be incorporated into domestic laws within two years by all of the
6302:
Allegations of fraud and corruption were again raised in 2004 by former chief auditor Jules Muis. A Commission officer,
12630:
12370:
12365:
12102:
11619:
11573:
11543:
11484:
11376:
11283:
11228:
11042:
9727:
6649:
6527:
6502:
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5888:
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2181:
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455:
9508:"The democratic credentials of the new European Union: does the Constitution increase the EU's democratic legitimacy?"
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11996:
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to the north in 1973. With that enlargement, the College of Commissioners membership increased to thirteen under the
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and later Walter Hallstein the EEC presidency, despite his otherwise being viewed as the most 'dynamic' leader until
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Where Have the Guardians Gone? Law Enforcement and the Politics of Supranational Forbearance in the European Union
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6944:. Although there has been a worldwide cut in journalists, the considerable press releases and operations such as
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6979:. While that figure may be higher than that of some national elections, including the off-year elections of the
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6992:) on the shape and character of implementing legislation further raises concerns about democratic legitimacy.
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Even though democratic structures and methods are changing there is not such a mirror in creating a European
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8847: – Aparicio Caicedo, analyst, Gertrude Ryan Law Observeratory, opinion piece in Legal Today magazine.
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to put forward the idea of "ecological crimes". Their right to propose criminal law was challenged in the
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6884:. The rules of procedure of the European Commission set out the commission's operation and organisation.
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but upheld. As of 2007, the only other criminal law proposals which have been brought forward are on the
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was appointed as President of the European Commission. She submitted the guidelines of her policy to the
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The European Commission organized a video conference of world leaders on 4 May 2020 to raise funds for
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6281:, signed in 2001, gave the Presidents more power over the composition of the College of Commissioners.
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See paragraphs 7, 8 & 13 of the Presidency conclusions of the European Council on 13/14 March 2008
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6731:(any person from the largest party can be picked); that candidate then faces a formal election in the
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and the other member states on various subjects (British entry, direct elections to Parliament, the
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was European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth between 2010 and 2014.
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Once the college is approved by parliament, it is formally appointed following a QMV vote by the
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adopted a more presidential style of control over the college, which earned him some criticism.
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8675:"The Citizens' Right of Initiative in the European Constitution: A Second Chance for Democracy"
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7503:
7464:"De-commissioning the Empty Chair Crisis: the Community institutions and the crisis of 1965–6"
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1127:
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13381:
10104:"After 13 years of hold-ups and incompetence, the EU's 'Berlaymonster' rises like a phoenix"
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1304:
1204:, French Foreign Minister, on 9 May 1950. Originating in 1951 as the High Authority in the
1158:
836:
13373:
13246:
9724:"/EU Commission Expenses: Cocktail parties, private jets, luxury away-days and limousines"
9479:
Rhinard, Mark (2002). "The Democratic Legitimacy of the European Union Committee System".
8400:
Hix, Simon (1999) "The political system of the European Union" MacMillan, Basingstoke. p32
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The European Parliament can dissolve the College of Commissioners as a whole following a
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to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state. The
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852:
639:
322:
277:
13429:
10113:
9539:"Das Demokratiedefizit der Europäischen Union. Geschichtswissenschaftliche Perspektiven"
8654:
Anne-Cécile Robert (March 2009) "Et la crise sociale a rattrapé le Parlement européen",
7294:
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oversaw the Community's enlargement to the south, in addition to beginning work on the
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leads many news organisations to believe they can cover the EU from these source and
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6227:
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The European Commission derives from one of the five key institutions created in the
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Peterson, John and Michael Shackelton (2006) "Institutions of European Union" p152.
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7886:"The resignation of the Santer-Commission: the impact of 'trust' and 'reputation'"
6374:
Juncker appointed his previous campaign director and head of the transition team,
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13349:
13222:
13154:
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12271:
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10307:
10294:
10108:
9046:"Ursula von der Leyen's EU nomination is a win for Emmanuel Macron DW 05.07.2019"
8946:
8844:
8706:"EU/China/US climate survey shows public optimism about reversing climate change"
8252:
8233:
8148:
7499:
7282:
The Commission is steered by a group of 28 Commissioners, known as 'the college'.
7253:
Informally, the appointed members of the Commission are known as 'Commissioners'.
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chief spokesperson reports directly to the President of the European Commission.
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7508:. Translated by Ian Connerty (1st ed.). Tielt, Belgium: Lannoo. pp.
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13397:
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13174:
13123:
13086:
13078:
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10141:. Translated by Ian Connerty (1st ed.). Tielt, Belgium: Lannoo. p.
9910:
9697:"Analysis: EU Commission expenses highlight lack of transparency in Brussels"
9511:
9414:
8955:. Translated by Ian Connerty (1st ed.). Tielt, Belgium: Lannoo. p.
7980:
7754:
6996:
6941:
6629:"). Furthermore, the commission is responsible for the implementation of the
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as well as establishing processes and standards to diminish these risks. The
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6247:
That was the first time a College of Commissioners had been forced to resign
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2128:
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9898:"World Leaders Join to Pledge $ 8 Billion for Vaccine as U.S. Goes It Alone"
9866:"European anti-terrorism package prioritizes CBRN preparedness, expert says"
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The European Commission has an Action Plan to enhance preparedness against
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6314:, and membership would rotate equally between member states. Following the
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2920:
Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations
2110:
1476:. Although the institutional crisis was solved the following year, it cost
1465:
1425:
11179:
7976:"Commentary: Romano Prodi: Europe's First Prime Minister? (int'l edition)"
7885:
13357:
13166:
13115:
13041:
13007:
12957:
12904:
11735:
11628:
10509:
10275:
8500:"Evolution of the European Council: The implications of a permanent seat"
7122:
7084:
Headquarters of the European Commission in Brussels (Berlaymont building)
6953:
6924:. The commission's chief spokesperson is Eric Mamer who holds the midday
6509:
the Commission that currently holds most of the executive power over the
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9155:"[Comment] Power is slipping from the commission to the council"
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Following the college's appointment, the President appoints a number of
6521:
The Commission differs from the other institutions in that it alone has
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each headed by a Director-General who is responsible to a Commissioner.
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8320:"Ursula von der Leyen unveils proposed team of European Commissioners"
6970:
Democratic legitimacy of the European Union § European Commission
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7126:
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Following the selection of the President, and the appointment of the
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4111:
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9666:"Special Report – Europe finds politics and biofuels don't mix"
8341:"Interview with European Commission Secretary-General Catherine Day"
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12261:
12146:
10987:
10184:
10169:
8196:"Brussels European Council 21/22 June 2007: Presidency Conclusions"
8113:"Rejection may undermine EU's effectiveness, warns Swedish premier"
7945:"Prodi to Have Wide, New Powers as Head of the European Commission"
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6109:, they were combined into a single administration under President
1452:(GATT) negotiations. Hallstein notably began the consolidation of
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Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union
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Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings
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1989:
1941:
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Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union
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561:
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509:
483:
470:
10005:
9940:"Does This Change Everything? Coronavirus and your private data"
9267:
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6566:
for companies to identify actual or potential risks and harm to
6193:, one of the most notable presidents in the commission's history
11512:
7220:
How the European Union works: Your guide to the EU institutions
7118:
6656:. It is also usual for the President to attend meetings of the
6353:, said to have toned down enforcement to increase integration.
6149:, recruited to the presidency in January 1977 from his role as
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2011:
1977:
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730:
665:
613:
587:
522:
10758:
Table of European Commission Directorates-General and Services
10172:
European Commission welcome page – Retrieved 12 May 2016.
10061:
9571:
Majone, Giandomenico (2002). "Perils of Parliamentarization".
6328:
High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy
9207:"La Commission européenne a une nouvelle secrétaire générale"
8193:
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1440:, holding the first formal meeting on 16 January 1958 at the
1215:
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704:
652:
9238:"Former EU Mandarin Spills the Beans on Commission Intrigue"
7297:(Press release). Brussels: European Commission. 3 May 2010.
7295:"European Commission swears oath to respect the EU Treaties"
6553:. The European Commission has committed EU member states to
5939:
Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union
1399:
had established two new communities alongside the ECSC: the
1383:
The first Commission originated in 1951 as the nine-member "
13289:
12151:
9835:"In a messy world, EU's clout depends on respecting values"
7134:
6208:
2729:
Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council
8470:"Implementing powers of the Council of the European Union"
6137:
followed with work on monetary co-operation and the first
12329:
European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters
11058:
Infrastructures and Logistics (Brussels & Luxembourg)
10965:
European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations
9268:"EU carefully manages PR through 1000s of press releases"
7617:"Discover the former Presidents: The Malfatti Commission"
7591:"Discover the former Presidents: The Mansholt Commission"
6960:
on 20 December 2013, though the decision was criticised.
5991:
936:
European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations
9750:"Ex-commissioners face conflict of interest accusations"
9726:. The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. Archived from
8036:"Auditor blames politicians for EC waste and corruption"
7402:
7400:
7398:
7396:
7394:
12862:
8293:"European Commission press release of 9 September 2019"
8227:
The curious case of the EU's disappearing infringements
7918:"Discover the former Presidents: The Santer Commission"
7777:"Discover the former Presidents: The Delors Commission"
7643:"Discover the former Presidents: The Ortoli Commission"
6657:
6158:
1325:
High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community
1165:(the 27 heads of state/governments) and elected by the
11319:
International Authority for the Ruhr (1949–1951)
8815:. European Commission. 6 November 2007. Archived from
8366:
8364:
8362:
7725:"Discover the former Presidents: The Thorn Commission"
7183:
European Free Trade Association Surveillance Authority
7068:
society for the benefit of civic and economic growth.
6699:(the DGs, see below) deal with technical preparation.
1081:
9973:"Strategy for Data | Shaping Europe's digital future"
9101:"The Working Methods of the von der Leyen Commission"
8986:. Council of the European Union. 2008. Archived from
7835:
Blowing the Whistle: Fraud in the European Commission
7391:
6711:
Floor 13 of the Berlaymont, Commission's meeting room
6240:. These frauds were revealed by an internal auditor,
6122:
in 1968 and campaigned for a more powerful, elected,
1200:
European Community system, following the proposal of
1180:
European Parliament elections in May of the same year
11377:
European Monetary Cooperation Fund (1973–1994)
10869:
Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs
9894:
8163:
8161:
7565:"Discover the former Presidents: The Rey Commission"
7359:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 99–100, 118.
7164:
6864:
The commission is divided into departments known as
6472:, which represents organised civil society, and the
1178:, which took office in December 2019, following the
966:
Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs
11409:
European Financial Stability Mechanism (2010–
11324:
European Coal and Steel Community (1951–2002)
9895:Stevis-Gridneff, Matina; Jakes, Lara (4 May 2020).
8981:"Brussels European Council, Presidency Conclusions"
8359:
8085:"Paul van Buitenen: Alleged irregularities in OLAF"
7216:
6648:for the Union, alongside the member states and the
6476:, which represents local and regional authorities.
6157:government, became the first President to attend a
11400:European Financial Stability Facility (2010–
10187:of the European Commission are consultable at the
10138:Life of a European Mandarin: Inside the Commission
9896:
9632:
9599:
9566:
9564:
9016:
8952:Life of a European Mandarin: Inside the Commission
8797:Charter, David (2007). "A new legal environment".
8765:
8533:"Executive Power in the New European Constitution"
7533:
7531:
7529:
7505:Life of a European Mandarin: Inside the Commission
7426:
7382:
7380:
7378:
7376:
6900:etc.) were employed. The single largest DG is the
6774:, who is automatically one of the Vice-Presidents
1299:Commission of the European Atomic Energy Community
10006:"What is GDPR, the EU's new data protection law?"
9601:"EU citizens complain about lack of transparency"
9261:
9259:
8790:
8372:"Institutions of the EU: The European Commission"
8158:
7832:
7751:"The new Commission – some initial thoughts"
7157:, a Commission site is hosting part of DG Santè.
6161:summit on behalf of the Community. Following the
13495:
8059:"Guido Strack – the downfall of a whistleblower"
7795:
6591:toxic waste spill off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire
6585:Recently the commission has moved into creating
6560:Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive
6427:, their original candidate. On 9 September, the
2724:Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament
328:
283:
12773:Largest cities by population within city limits
10839:Communications Networks, Content and Technology
9774:
9561:
9128:"EU commission sees civil servants' power grow"
8414:"Rules of procedure of the European Commission"
7804:"A Bit More Delors Could Revamp the Commission"
7526:
7373:
6920:Communication with the press is handled by the
6652:, representing the Union in bodies such as the
6105:, co-existed until 1 July 1967 when, under the
2901:European Institute of Innovation and Technology
2003:Countries with suspended accession negotiations
901:Communications Networks, Content and Technology
223:
58:
10864:Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Inclusion
10265:High Authority of the Coal and Steel Community
10176:Access to documents of the European Commission
9256:
8910:
8908:
8194:Council of the European Union (20 June 2007).
7348:
7346:
7043:chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear
6255:and the euro. In response to the scandal, the
343:
148:
73:
12848:
11382:European Monetary Institute (1994–1998)
11337:European Economic Community (1958–1993)
11195:
10719:
10229:
9413:
8813:"Counter‑terrorism – EU steps up a gear"
8343:. EurActiv. 25 September 2006. Archived from
7609:
7583:
7188:List of European Commissioners by nationality
6371:became President of the European Commission.
6082:
1364:
1337:Commission of the European Economic Community
403:
388:
373:
298:
268:
253:
163:
133:
11355:European Atomic Energy Community (est. 1958)
9352:"As the E.U. Does More, Fewer Tell About It"
8623:. Centre for European Reform. Archived from
6868:(DGs) that can be likened to departments or
6695:who give them political guidance, while the
6675:The commission is composed of a "College of
6451:as EVP for Foreign and Security Policy, and
6324:European Commissioner for External Relations
1138:(DGs) that can be likened to departments or
358:
313:
193:
178:
103:
11209:
9777:"Be careful what you write, Eurocrats told"
8905:
8493:
8491:
8264:
8142:Czechs prepare for possible second Irish No
7910:
7769:
7635:
7457:
7455:
7343:
7104:, the Commissioners also meet there in the
7004:akin with institutions such as independent
6963:
6668:For members of the current Commission, see
6663:
4826:Political groups of the European Parliament
2897:Decentralised independent bodies of the EU
238:
208:
118:
88:
12855:
12841:
12056:Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification
11202:
11188:
10726:
10712:
10236:
10222:
9321:"The peculiar world of the European Union"
9125:
8265:HERSZENHORN, DAVID M. (17 November 2016).
7717:
7669:"1977: Jenkins quits Commons for Brussels"
6834:. There has also been a greater degree of
6536:a petition carrying one million signatures
6481:Article 17 of the Treaty on European Union
6349:The Barroso Commission is, in reaction to
6089:
6075:
1371:
1357:
1006:Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations
10960:International Cooperation and Development
10950:Neighborhood and Enlargement Negotiations
10361:Commission of the Atomic Energy Community
10043:European Commission – European Commission
9800:"The EU and Microsoft's 20-year marriage"
9536:
9382:
9153:Iey Berry, Peter Sain (18 January 2008).
9152:
8881:
8879:
8295:. European Commission. 9 September 2019.
7753:. Burson-Marsteller. 2004. Archived from
7015:In 2009 the European ombudsman published
6785:also created the position of more senior
6516:
6342:" candidates to the office, rather than "
6101:The three bodies, collectively named the
3000:Publications Office of the European Union
1102:building, seat of the European Commission
971:International Cooperation and Development
12510:European Structural and Investment Funds
12432:European System of Financial Supervision
11297:Western European Union (1954–2011)
9797:
9663:
8914:
8669:
8488:
8408:
8406:
8258:
7557:
7452:
7079:
6911:
6851:
6809:the Functioning of the European Union).
6706:
6385:
6184:
5423:European System of Financial Supervision
2719:Internal Audit Service of the Commission
1413:
1093:
921:Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion
10663:Von der Leyen Commission II, since 2024
10033:
10031:
9752:. EurActiv. 14 May 2010. Archived from
9505:
9478:
9043:
8796:
8530:
8318:Jones, Mared Gwyn (17 September 2024).
7973:
7801:
7352:
7061:development. US$ 8 billion was raised.
6458:
6381:
5929:United Kingdom–European Union relations
3854:Non Euro countries relationship to Euro
1421:, the first President of the Commission
14:
13496:
11974:European Economic and Social Committee
11783:Court of Justice of the European Union
11307:European Communities (1967–2009)
10945:Service for Foreign Policy Instruments
10134:
10101:
10000:
9998:
9630:
9597:
9570:
9549:from the original on 24 September 2019
9506:Lamming, Richard (10 September 2004).
9447:
9349:
9265:
9014:
8945:
8876:
8801:. People Power Process. pp. 23–5.
8619:Murray, Alasdair (30 September 2002).
8618:
8588:"The Commission's right of initiative"
8299:from the original on 10 September 2019
8169:"The Union's institutions: Commission"
8033:
8006:
7891:. European Integration Online Papers.
7498:
7461:
7414:from the original on 28 September 2016
7387:Treaty on European Union: Article 17:7
7092:. The commission also operates out of
6727:(QMV), taking into account the latest
6607:intellectual property rights directive
6558:the European Commission published the
6356:
6284:
5951:United States–European Union relations
2970:European Economic and Social Committee
1450:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
1306:Commission of the European Communities
27:Executive branch of the European Union
12836:
12611:Stabilisation and Association Process
12308:Area of freedom, security and justice
11183:
10707:
10217:
9967:
9965:
9934:
9932:
9863:
9832:
9798:Hourdaux, Jérôme (17 December 2013).
9318:
9244:from the original on 23 December 2007
9235:
9183:. Europa (web portal). Archived from
9126:Beunderman, Mark (22 February 2007).
8889:. Europa (web portal). Archived from
8860:. Europa (web portal). Archived from
8593:. Europa (web portal). Archived from
8564:. Europa (web portal). Archived from
8498:Stark, Christine (4 September 2002).
8497:
8424:from the original on 30 November 2020
8403:
8317:
8171:. Europa (web portal). Archived from
8110:
7942:
7884:Topan, Angelina (30 September 2002).
7883:
7701:. European Commission. Archived from
7331:from the original on 25 February 2021
7272:from the original on 11 November 2020
6637:, that EU funds are correctly spent.
5974:European Union and the United Nations
5506:Foreign relations of EU member states
13476:and the Jewish communities in Europe
12606:European Union Association Agreement
11342:European Community (1993–2009)
10693:President of the European Parliament
10417:Commission of the Economic Community
10028:
9721:
9694:
9631:Willis, Andrew (21 September 2010).
9460:from the original on 9 February 2006
9448:Mulvey, Stephen (21 November 2003).
9300:from the original on 19 October 2012
9134:from the original on 23 October 2007
8778:from the original on 12 October 2007
8740:Climate Action – European Commission
8716:from the original on 20 October 2021
8703:
8101:See the attached Protocol, Article 4
8056:
7924:from the original on 23 October 2007
7783:from the original on 23 October 2007
7731:from the original on 23 October 2007
7679:from the original on 10 January 2008
7649:from the original on 22 October 2007
7623:from the original on 23 October 2007
7597:from the original on 23 October 2007
7571:from the original on 22 October 2007
7100:. When the Parliament is meeting in
7094:numerous other buildings in Brussels
7052:
6880:. The position is currently held by
6836:politicisation within the Commission
6805:, which requires a two-thirds vote.
6346:" them as under the Treaty of Nice.
5979:European Union Association Agreement
5914:Switzerland–European Union relations
4811:Elections to the European Parliament
1491:
1472:, ostensibly over proposals for the
11935:European Data Protection Supervisor
11237:Ideas of European unity before 1948
10650:Von der Leyen Commission, 2019–2024
9995:
9634:"EU sued over lack of transparency"
9543:Themenportal Europäische Geschichte
9229:
8333:
8009:"We have to democratise procedures"
7974:Rossant, John (27 September 1999).
7287:
6902:Directorate-General for Translation
6812:
5884:Kazakhstan–European Union relations
3435:Nuclear power in the European Union
3010:European Personnel Selection Office
2945:European Data Protection Supervisor
2906:European Public Prosecutor's Office
24:
12631:EU Strategy for the South Caucasus
12371:Common Security and Defence Policy
12366:Common Foreign and Security Policy
11043:European Political Strategy Centre
10049:from the original on 28 April 2018
10016:from the original on 27 April 2021
9962:
9929:
9876:from the original on 13 April 2020
9056:from the original on 25 March 2022
8742:. 23 November 2016. Archived from
8476:from the original on 5 August 2020
8450:from the original on 5 August 2020
8273:from the original on 27 March 2017
8057:Beck, Sebastien (6 October 2011).
7898:from the original on 12 March 2004
7802:Merritt, Giles (21 January 1992).
7440:from the original on 1 August 2020
6650:Common Foreign and Security Policy
6528:Common Foreign and Security Policy
6491:
6322:Lisbon also combined the posts of
6038:Convention on the Future of Europe
5969:Microstates and the European Union
5849:Australia–European Union relations
5839:Argentina–European Union relations
4787:
4783:Microstates and the European Union
4364:
4332:Non-Schengen area EU member states
3898:
3439:
2072:Withdrawal from the European Union
25:
13530:
13514:Organizations established in 1967
12400:Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
11997:European Union Military Committee
11969:European Committee of the Regions
11020:Structural Reform Support Service
10829:Agriculture and Rural Development
10683:President of the European Council
10163:
10102:Castle, Stephen (5 August 2004).
10083:from the original on 10 July 2016
9833:Islam, Shada (16 December 2020).
9775:Sarah McInerney (18 April 2009).
9350:Castle, Stephen (21 March 2010).
9266:Mahony, Honor (17 October 2007).
9236:Amies, Nick (21 September 2007).
9217:from the original on 31 July 2020
8542:from the original on 31 July 2020
8208:from the original on 27 June 2007
8111:Smyth, Jamie (5 September 2009).
8007:Tobais, Troll (2 November 2004).
7301:from the original on 21 July 2019
7266:"How the Commission is organised"
7036:
6922:Directorate-General Communication
6841:
6828:President of the European Council
6562:which establishes a framework of
6316:accession of Romania and Bulgaria
6221:
6180:
6016:European Coal and Steel Community
2980:European Union Military Committee
2965:European Committee of the Regions
2868:Decentralised agencies of the EU
2596:Member of the European Parliament
2267:Abandoned treaties and agreements
1206:European Coal and Steel Community
1149:, but members are bound by their
881:Agriculture and Rural Development
12376:Permanent Structured Cooperation
11992:Political and Security Committee
11879:European Atomic Energy Community
11162:
10812:
10735:
10245:
10128:
10095:
9983:from the original on 7 June 2021
9950:from the original on 7 June 2021
9645:from the original on 18 May 2012
9612:from the original on 18 May 2012
9419:"Presseurop's role is essential"
9274:from the original on 21 May 2008
9161:from the original on 5 June 2011
7865:from the original on 9 June 2017
7545:from the original on 8 July 2017
7167:
6735:. Thus this serves as a form of
6332:Vice-President of the Commission
6049:
5924:Ukraine–European Union relations
5899:Moldova–European Union relations
5879:Iceland–European Union relations
5874:Georgia–European Union relations
5844:Armenia–European Union relations
5824:
5812:
5800:
5788:
5776:
5764:
5752:
5740:
5728:
5716:
5704:
5692:
5680:
5668:
5656:
5644:
5632:
5620:
5608:
5596:
5584:
5572:
5560:
5548:
5536:
5524:
5512:
5233:
5221:
5209:
5197:
5185:
5173:
5161:
5149:
5137:
5125:
5113:
5101:
5089:
5077:
5065:
5053:
5041:
5029:
5017:
5005:
4993:
4981:
4969:
4957:
4945:
4933:
4921:
4752:
4739:
4726:
4706:
4694:
4682:
4670:
4658:
4646:
4634:
4622:
4610:
4598:
4586:
4574:
4562:
4550:
4538:
4526:
4514:
4502:
4490:
4478:
4466:
4454:
4442:
4429:
4417:
4405:
4393:
4351:
4338:
4325:Visa policy of the Schengen Area
4294:
4281:
4268:
4255:
4234:
4221:
4208:
4195:
4182:
4169:
4156:
4143:
4130:
4117:
4104:
4091:
4078:
4065:
4052:
4039:
4026:
4013:
4000:
3987:
3974:
3961:
3948:
3935:
3922:
3827:
3815:
3803:
3791:
3779:
3767:
3755:
3728:
3698:
3686:
3674:
3662:
3650:
3638:
3626:
3614:
3602:
3590:
3578:
3566:
3554:
3542:
3530:
3518:
3506:
3494:
3482:
3470:
3419:
3406:
3384:
3371:
3358:
3345:
3332:
3319:
3306:
3293:
3280:
3267:
3254:
3241:
3228:
3215:
3202:
3189:
3176:
3163:
3150:
3137:
3124:
3111:
3098:
3085:
3072:
3059:
3046:
3005:European External Action Service
2975:Political and Security Committee
2882:European Supervisory Authorities
2412:
2259:European Economic Area Agreement
2032:
2010:
1988:
1976:
1964:
1952:
1940:
1928:
1916:
1904:
1880:
1867:
1854:
1841:
1828:
1815:
1802:
1789:
1776:
1763:
1750:
1737:
1724:
1711:
1698:
1685:
1672:
1659:
1646:
1633:
1620:
1607:
1594:
1581:
1568:
1555:
1542:
1517:
1405:European Atomic Energy Community
1211:
801:
788:
775:
762:
749:
736:
723:
710:
697:
684:
671:
658:
645:
632:
619:
606:
593:
580:
567:
554:
541:
528:
515:
502:
489:
476:
463:
417:
13519:Organisations based in Brussels
12778:National parties by affiliation
12621:Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
12601:Economic Partnership Agreements
11292:Western Union (1948–1954)
9917:from the original on 4 May 2020
9888:
9857:
9845:from the original on 7 May 2021
9826:
9791:
9768:
9742:
9715:
9688:
9657:
9624:
9598:Mahony, Honor (27 April 2009).
9591:
9530:
9499:
9472:
9450:"The EU's democratic challenge"
9441:
9407:
9376:
9343:
9331:from the original on 9 May 2007
9312:
9286:
9199:
9173:
9146:
9119:
9093:
9068:
9037:
9008:
8973:
8939:
8915:Lungescu, Oana (23 July 2004).
8850:
8831:
8805:
8758:
8728:
8697:
8663:
8648:
8639:
8612:
8580:
8562:"Glossary: Right of initiative"
8554:
8524:
8462:
8436:
8394:
8311:
8285:
8239:
8220:
8187:
8135:
8104:
8095:
8077:
8050:
8027:
8000:
7967:
7936:
7877:
7851:
7826:
7743:
7691:
7661:
7492:
7434:"Council of the European Union"
6625:(a process known in jargon as "
6262:
5919:Turkey–European Union relations
5909:Russia–European Union relations
5904:Norway–European Union relations
5894:Mexico–European Union relations
5859:Canada–European Union relations
5854:Brazil–European Union relations
5379:Passports of the European Union
4369:Schengen Area from January 2023
12881:Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi
12783:Presidents of the institutions
12579:European Higher Education Area
12157:International status and usage
11951:Agencies of the European Union
11684:European political foundations
10904:Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
10854:Economic and Financial Affairs
10210:. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
9722:Barr, Caelainn (1 June 2011).
9695:Barr, Caelainn (1 June 2011).
9664:Harrison, Pete (5 July 2010).
9294:"Civil Service: Staff figures"
8621:"Reform now or languish later"
7943:James, Barry (16 April 1999).
7313:
7258:
7210:
7031:
6746:by the European Council, each
6702:
6612:
6551:genetically modified organisms
5889:Japan–European Union relations
5864:China–European Union relations
3020:European Administrative School
2916:European Data Protection Board
2801:European Investment Bank Group
1510:Politics of the European Union
1468:and the budget) triggered the
991:Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
911:Economic and Financial Affairs
13:
1:
13486:Received extraordinary prize.
13029:François Seydoux de Clausonne
12574:European Common Aviation Area
12029:Charter of Fundamental Rights
12002:European Union Military Staff
11902:European University Institute
11691:Council of the European Union
10447:Commission of the Communities
10434:Hallstein Commission, 1958–67
10321:Malvestiti Authority, 1959–63
10189:Historical Archives of the EU
9977:digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu
9864:Riley, Kim (2 January 2018).
9383:Editorial (2 December 2013).
9033:– via Internet Archive.
9015:Nugent, Neill (2 July 2001).
8267:"'Monster' at the Berlaymont"
8034:Fraser, Ian (8 August 2004).
7203:
6983:, the fact that there are no
6752:Council of the European Union
6470:Economic and Social Committee
6429:Council of the European Union
5869:European Union–NATO relations
4915:Elections in EU member states
4846:Referendums related to the EU
2841:European University Institute
2835:European University Institute
2062:Germany–Netherlands relations
1192:History of the European Union
1171:Council of the European Union
849:Council of the European Union
12569:European Political Community
12415:European Banking Supervision
11907:European Stability Mechanism
11083:Human Resources and Security
10490:Mansholt Commission, 1972–73
10477:Malfatti Commission, 1970–72
10404:Chatenet Commission, 1962–67
10204:. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
9356:International Herald Tribune
8917:"Examining the EU executive"
8087:. Eur-law.eu. Archived from
8011:. Café Babel. Archived from
7949:International Herald Tribune
7808:International Herald Tribune
7217:European Commission (2006).
6916:Press Room in the Berlaymont
6796:
6486:budget of the European Union
6232:The successor to Delors was
6214:International Herald Tribune
5406:European Banking Supervision
3444:Euratom since 1 January 2021
2891:Executive agencies of the EU
2828:European Stability Mechanism
2822:European Stability Mechanism
956:Human Resources and Security
7:
12641:Union for the Mediterranean
12420:Single Resolution Mechanism
12359:Vehicle registration plates
12313:Migration and asylum policy
12292:Potential superpower status
10624:Barroso Commission, 2009–14
10595:Barroso Commission, 2004–09
10582:Prodi Commission, 1999–2004
10516:Jenkins Commission, 1977–81
10039:"Data protection in the EU"
9319:Lynam, Joe (1 April 2007).
8704:Rees, Matt (26 June 2020).
8446:. CVCE. 15 September 2016.
7356:European Constitutional Law
7160:
7075:
6956:. The Commission shut down
6717:President of the Commission
6633:, ensuring, along with the
6538:, but this is not binding.
6113:. Owing to the merger, the
6021:European Economic Community
5411:Single Resolution Mechanism
4778:EEA National Identity cards
4315:Schengen Information System
3847:Enlargement of the eurozone
3456:Economic and Monetary Union
2912:Corporate bodies of the EU
2530:Council preparatory bodies
2279:UK membership renegotiation
1438:first Commission of the EEC
1430:first Commission of Euratom
1401:European Economic Community
47:Name in official languages
10:
13535:
12584:EU/ESA Framework Agreement
12282:Differentiated integration
11848:European Court of Auditors
11679:European political parties
10919:Taxation and Customs Union
10884:Migration and Home Affairs
10849:Defence Industry and Space
10637:Juncker Commission 2014–19
10555:Santer Commission, 1995–99
10542:Delors Commission, 1985–95
10503:Ortoli Commission, 1973–77
10391:Hirsch Commission, 1959–62
10378:Armand Commission, 1958–59
9870:Homeland Preparedness News
8505:. Dragoman. Archived from
8061:. VoxEurop. Archived from
7833:Paul van Buitenen (2000).
7471:London School of Economics
7106:Winston Churchill building
6967:
6874:Commission's civil service
6845:
6667:
6396:
6360:
6288:
6266:
6257:European Anti-Fraud Office
6225:
6196:
2994:Inter-institutional bodies
2739:Public Prosecutor's Office
2706:European Court of Auditors
2699:European Court of Auditors
2652:Court of Justice of the EU
1474:Common Agricultural Policy
1189:
1185:
1021:Taxation and Customs Union
996:Migration and Home Affairs
13484:
13272:
13069:
12871:
12801:
12753:
12701:House of European History
12689:
12680:
12535:
12323:European Judicial Network
12300:
12214:
12205:
12193:Health expense per person
12122:
12113:
12014:
11982:
11959:
11943:
11920:
11867:
11840:Supreme audit institution
11838:
11803:
11773:
11716:
11627:
11618:
11609:
11534:
11525:
11483:
11425:
11390:
11367:
11350:
11332:
11314:
11305:
11282:
11275:
11227:
11218:
11169:European Union portal
11157:
11096:
11028:
10973:
10937:
10909:Regional and Urban Policy
10821:
10810:
10774:
10751:
10673:
10605:
10529:Thorn Commission, 1981–85
10444:
10414:
10358:
10334:Del Bo Authority, 1963–67
10282:Monnet Authority, 1952–55
10262:
10135:Eppink, Derk-Jan (2007).
9537:Thiemeyer, Guido (2008).
8887:"The European Commission"
8736:"2050 long-term strategy"
6787:Executive Vice-Presidents
6719:is first proposed by the
6603:European Court of Justice
6056:European Union portal
2659:European Court of Justice
2086:Treaties and Declarations
2052:Belgium–Germany relations
1458:European Court of Justice
1322:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1275:
1128:members of the Commission
1076:
1053:
1039:
1011:Regional and Urban Policy
868:
858:
843:
827:
817:
448:
430:
425:
416:
209:
134:
59:
46:
41:
34:
13509:Anti-dumping authorities
13446:Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya
13298:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
11892:European Investment Fund
11887:European Investment Bank
10308:Finet Authority, 1958–59
10295:Mayer Authority, 1955–58
10112:. London. Archived from
9944:European Investment Bank
8710:European Investment Bank
8531:Bermann, George (2004).
7541:. CVCE. 31 August 2016.
7353:Schütze, Robert (2012).
7047:Health Protection Agency
6964:Legitimacy and criticism
6907:
6783:von der Leyen Commission
6689:Competition Commissioner
6670:Von der Leyen Commission
6664:College of Commissioners
6654:World Trade Organization
6474:Committee of the Regions
6399:Von der Leyen Commission
6153:of the United Kingdom's
2939:Other independent bodies
2384:Legislative institutions
2357:College of Commissioners
2337:Von der Leyen Commission
2057:France–Germany relations
1499:This article is part of
1176:Von der Leyen Commission
1145:There is one member per
863:College of Commissioners
13095:Konstantinos Karamanlis
12596:European Peace Facility
11823:System of Central Banks
11053:Data Protection Officer
10914:Research and Innovation
10569:Santer Commission, 1999
10464:Rey Commission, 1967–70
9585:10.1111/0952-1895.00193
9493:10.1111/1468-0491.00185
9296:. Europa (web portal).
9019:The European Commission
8538:. New York University.
7920:. Europa (web portal).
7861:. European Parliament.
7779:. Europa (web portal).
7727:. Europa (web portal).
7645:. Europa (web portal).
7619:. Europa (web portal).
7593:. Europa (web portal).
7567:. Europa (web portal).
7268:. European Commission.
6990:'comitology committees'
6729:parliamentary elections
6725:Qualified Majority Vote
6646:external representation
6543:precautionary principle
6421:European People's Party
6392:President von der Leyen
4320:Visa Information System
3748:Other currencies in use
2539:Council Working Parties
1442:Château of Val-Duchesse
1122:(EU). It operates as a
1016:Research and Innovation
875:33 Directorates-General
405:Europeiska kommissionen
12706:2012 Nobel Peace Prize
12552:European Economic Area
12410:European banking union
12287:Privileged partnership
12142:Government procurement
11063:Internal Audit Service
10924:Mobility and Transport
10879:Health and Food Safety
10804:Civil Service Tribunal
10497:François-Xavier Ortoli
10208:Spokesperson's Service
9699:. TBIJ. Archived from
8858:"Glossary: Comitology"
8838:La Lobbycracia Europea
7085:
7072:the new data economy.
6981:United States Congress
6917:
6861:
6848:European Civil Service
6712:
6685:Education Commissioner
6523:legislative initiative
6517:Legislative initiative
6394:
6310:unanimous vote of the
6194:
6033:Western European Union
5401:European banking union
5337:European Single Market
4906:2024 (latest election)
4793:
4792:European Economic Area
4381:European Economic Area
4370:
3904:
3445:
2871:Single market agencies
2292:Executive institutions
2232:Treaties of succession
1923:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1422:
1103:
1001:Mobility and Transport
951:Health and Food Safety
436:; 66 years ago
404:
389:
374:
359:
344:
329:
314:
299:
284:
269:
254:
239:
224:
195:Europäische Kommission
194:
179:
164:
149:
119:
104:
89:
74:
13215:Gro Harlem Brundtland
13050:Salvador de Madariaga
12651:Free trade agreements
12493:Health Insurance Card
12427:Capital Markets Union
12277:Democratic legitimacy
12247:Optimum currency area
12068:Legislative procedure
11813:European Central Bank
10899:Justice and Consumers
10894:Joint Research Centre
10859:Education and Culture
10742:Administration of the
10471:Franco Maria Malfatti
10348:Coppé Authority, 1967
10069:"European Commission"
9385:"Without Presseurop?"
8774:. 20 September 2007.
8657:Le Monde diplomatique
8251:28 April 2022 at the
8232:27 April 2022 at the
8046:on 24 September 2015.
7408:"European Commission"
7175:European Union portal
7083:
6929:unique in the world.
6915:
6855:
6846:Further information:
6803:vote of no-confidence
6710:
6587:European criminal law
6389:
6188:
5418:Capital Markets Union
5330:Free Trade Agreements
4791:
4368:
3902:
3443:
2752:European Central Bank
2713:Other auditory bodies
2693:Auditory institutions
2646:Judicial institutions
2391:Legislative procedure
2273:European Constitution
2197:Treaties of accession
1417:
1190:Further information:
1161:) is proposed by the
1097:
986:Justice and Consumers
981:Joint Research Centre
916:Education and Culture
851:and confirmed by the
180:Commission européenne
13466:the Ukrainian people
13318:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
13147:People of Luxembourg
12763:Books on the subject
12626:EU Gateway Programme
12589:EU/ESA Space Council
12547:Neighbourhood Policy
12505:Regional development
12471:Environmental policy
12461:Educational policies
12388:Neighbourhood Policy
12232:Intergovernmentalism
12222:European integration
12137:Community preference
12088:Enhanced cooperation
12073:Citizens' Initiative
11912:Unified Patent Court
11763:Directorates-General
11554:Environmental issues
11119:Convent Van Maerlant
10784:Directorates-General
10678:Commission President
10657:Ursula von der Leyen
10644:Ursula von der Leyen
10195:European Commissions
9787:on 15 November 2012.
9417:(10 December 2013).
8843:22 July 2011 at the
8673:; Picard, Severine.
8627:on 28 September 2007
7757:on 23 September 2006
7198:European Data Portal
7151:Grange, County Meath
6866:Directorates-General
6459:Powers and functions
6405:Ursula von der Leyen
6382:Ursula von der Leyen
6330:. This post, also a
6259:(OLAF) was created.
6135:Mansholt Commissions
6010:European Communities
5450:Enhanced cooperation
4821:European foundations
4438:(provisional member)
2987:EU/ESA Space Council
2854:Unified Patent Court
2848:Unified Patent Court
2634:National parliaments
2524:Directorates-general
1470:"empty chair" crisis
1159:Ursula von der Leyen
1155:Commission President
1136:Directorates-General
837:Ursula von der Leyen
434:16 January 1958
13504:European Commission
13474:Pinchas Goldschmidt
13366:Jean-Claude Trichet
13326:Jean-Claude Juncker
13163:François Mitterrand
13021:European Commission
12788:Terrorist incidents
12616:Eastern Partnership
12557:EEA Joint Committee
12476:European Green Deal
12446:Agricultural policy
12252:Supranational union
11743:European Commission
11701:General Secretariat
11637:European Parliament
11592:Special territories
11392:Financial stability
11015:Europe by Satellite
11003:Secretariat-General
10766:Directorate-General
10745:European Commission
10631:Jean-Claude Juncker
10256:European Commission
10170:European Commission
10012:. 7 November 2018.
9814:on 19 December 2013
9730:on 23 November 2016
9703:on 23 November 2016
9676:on 24 November 2016
9429:on 14 December 2013
9213:. 15 January 2020.
9105:European Commission
9080:European Commission
9076:"The Commissioners"
9044:Himmelreich, Jorg.
8819:on 13 December 2007
8767:"Brussels rules OK"
8347:on 24 December 2017
8147:18 May 2012 at the
8123:on 24 December 2012
8065:on 27 December 2013
8015:on 29 November 2005
7705:on 26 February 2007
7193:EU Open Data Portal
7090:Berlaymont building
7010:European Parliament
6946:Europe by Satellite
6858:Androulla Vassiliou
6856:Cypriot politician
6791:Directorate-General
6772:High Representative
6756:European Parliament
6744:High Representative
6733:European Parliament
6409:European Parliament
6369:Jean-Claude Juncker
6357:Jean-Claude Juncker
6326:with the council's
6296:José Manuel Barroso
6285:José Manuel Barroso
6253:Treaty of Amsterdam
6175:Single European Act
6124:European Parliament
6103:European Executives
5489:Ext. Action Service
5474:High Representative
5440:European Federation
5314:Policies and issues
4773:EEA Joint Committee
3903:Eurozone since 2015
2925:Joint undertakings
2549:European Parliament
2330:European Commission
2153:Treaty of Amsterdam
2141:Single European Act
2093:Schuman Declaration
2047:Special territories
2025:Applicant countries
1897:Candidate countries
1313:European Commission
1167:European Parliament
1108:European Commission
1046:European Parliament
853:European Parliament
300:Kummissjoni Ewropea
255:Commissione europea
135:European Commission
105:Europa-Kommissionen
36:European Commission
18:European commission
13462:Volodymyr Zelensky
13414:Timothy Garton Ash
13382:Dalia Grybauskaitė
13124:King Juan Carlos I
12950:George C. Marshall
12863:Recipients of the
12636:Northern Dimension
12383:Enlargement Policy
12325:(criminal matters)
12237:Multi-speed Europe
11930:European Ombudsman
11586:(first-level NUTS)
11569:Larger urban zones
10688:Council Presidency
10618:José Durão Barroso
10589:José Durão Barroso
9903:The New York Times
9395:on 4 December 2013
9240:. Deutsche Welle.
9187:on 29 October 2013
8927:on 1 February 2012
8600:on 25 October 2007
7988:on 23 October 2007
7955:on 17 October 2007
7814:on 21 January 2008
7675:. 3 January 1977.
7480:on 25 October 2007
7462:Ludlow, N (2006).
7243:on 12 January 2012
7086:
6918:
6862:
6819:Barroso Commission
6713:
6395:
6363:Juncker Commission
6336:taken into account
6291:Barroso Commission
6273:Following Santer,
6195:
6163:Jenkins Commission
6028:European Community
5959:Common Travel Area
5445:Multi-speed Europe
5302:Fundamental Rights
4853:European elections
4794:
4371:
3905:
3446:
2950:European Ombudsman
2427:July–December 2024
2253:Schengen Agreement
2165:Berlin Declaration
2135:Solemn Declaration
2105:Europe Declaration
1480:his presidency of
1423:
1387:" under President
1132:directorial system
1124:cabinet government
1104:
315:Komisja Europejska
210:Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή
120:Europese Commissie
60:Европейска комисия
13491:
13490:
13454:Veronika Tsepkalo
13450:Maria Kalesnikava
13390:Herman Van Rompuy
13374:Wolfgang Schäuble
13310:Pope John Paul II
13247:Bronisław Geremek
12926:Winston Churchill
12897:Alcide De Gasperi
12865:Charlemagne Prize
12830:
12829:
12749:
12748:
12736:Telephone numbers
12676:
12675:
12451:Cultural policies
12201:
12200:
12188:Unemployment rate
12010:
12009:
11870:international-law
11863:
11862:
11853:Secretary-General
11605:
11604:
11564:Geographic centre
11521:
11520:
11421:
11420:
11363:
11362:
11177:
11176:
11149:Triangle building
11139:Madou Plaza Tower
11030:Internal Services
11008:Secretary-General
10701:
10700:
10152:978-90-209-7022-7
10116:on 1 October 2007
9364:on 1 January 2022
9107:. 4 December 2019
8966:978-90-209-7022-7
8175:on 19 August 2007
8091:on 30 March 2012.
8040:The Sunday Herald
7844:978-1-902301-46-4
7837:. Politicos Pub.
7519:978-90-209-7022-7
7053:COVID-19 response
6878:Secretary General
6737:indirect election
6635:Court of Auditors
6555:carbon neutrality
6441:Stéphane Séjourné
6413:European election
6242:Paul van Buitenen
6228:Santer Commission
6199:Delors Commission
6143:Ortoli Commission
6099:
6098:
5467:Foreign relations
3400:Associated states
3015:Anti-Fraud Office
2734:Anti-Fraud Office
2669:Advocates General
2515:Secretary-General
2399:Council of the EU
2367:Secretary-General
2147:Maastricht Treaty
1492:Early development
1462:Charles de Gaulle
1381:
1380:
1114:) is the primary
1092:
1091:
847:Nominated by the
411:
410:
375:Evropska komisija
345:Comisia Europeană
330:Comissão Europeia
240:Coimisiún Eorpach
225:Európai Bizottság
165:Euroopan komissio
75:Europska komisija
16:(Redirected from
13526:
13477:
13468:
13456:
13440:
13432:
13430:António Guterres
13424:
13416:
13408:
13400:
13392:
13384:
13376:
13368:
13360:
13352:
13344:
13336:
13328:
13320:
13312:
13300:
13292:
13284:
13265:
13257:
13249:
13241:
13233:
13225:
13217:
13209:
13201:
13193:
13185:
13177:
13169:
13157:
13149:
13141:
13136:
13131:
13126:
13118:
13110:
13105:
13097:
13089:
13081:
13062:
13057:
13052:
13044:
13036:
13031:
13023:
13015:
13010:
13002:
12994:
12989:
12981:
12973:
12968:
12966:Walter Hallstein
12960:
12952:
12944:
12936:
12934:Paul-Henri Spaak
12928:
12920:
12915:
12907:
12899:
12891:
12889:Hendrik Brugmans
12883:
12857:
12850:
12843:
12834:
12833:
12810:
12687:
12686:
12564:Energy Community
12483:Fisheries policy
12242:Neofunctionalism
12212:
12211:
12120:
12119:
12062:Official Journal
12049:Citizens' Rights
11788:Court of Justice
11726:European Council
11674:Political groups
11625:
11624:
11616:
11615:
11587:
11532:
11531:
11312:
11311:
11280:
11279:
11225:
11224:
11204:
11197:
11190:
11181:
11180:
11167:
11166:
11165:
10975:General Services
10816:
10761:
10740:
10739:
10728:
10721:
10714:
10705:
10704:
10666:
10653:
10640:
10627:
10598:
10585:
10572:
10558:
10545:
10532:
10519:
10506:
10493:
10480:
10467:
10437:
10428:Walter Hallstein
10407:
10394:
10381:
10351:
10337:
10324:
10315:Piero Malvestiti
10311:
10298:
10285:
10250:
10249:
10238:
10231:
10224:
10215:
10214:
10202:Statue of Europe
10157:
10156:
10132:
10126:
10125:
10123:
10121:
10099:
10093:
10092:
10090:
10088:
10079:. 16 June 2016.
10065:
10059:
10058:
10056:
10054:
10035:
10026:
10025:
10023:
10021:
10002:
9993:
9992:
9990:
9988:
9969:
9960:
9959:
9957:
9955:
9936:
9927:
9926:
9924:
9922:
9900:
9892:
9886:
9885:
9883:
9881:
9861:
9855:
9854:
9852:
9850:
9830:
9824:
9823:
9821:
9819:
9810:. Archived from
9795:
9789:
9788:
9783:. Archived from
9781:The Sunday Times
9772:
9766:
9765:
9763:
9761:
9746:
9740:
9739:
9737:
9735:
9719:
9713:
9712:
9710:
9708:
9692:
9686:
9685:
9683:
9681:
9672:. Archived from
9661:
9655:
9654:
9652:
9650:
9636:
9628:
9622:
9621:
9619:
9617:
9603:
9595:
9589:
9588:
9568:
9559:
9558:
9556:
9554:
9534:
9528:
9527:
9525:
9523:
9514:. Archived from
9503:
9497:
9496:
9476:
9470:
9469:
9467:
9465:
9445:
9439:
9438:
9436:
9434:
9425:. Archived from
9411:
9405:
9404:
9402:
9400:
9391:. Archived from
9380:
9374:
9373:
9371:
9369:
9363:
9358:. Archived from
9347:
9341:
9340:
9338:
9336:
9316:
9310:
9309:
9307:
9305:
9290:
9284:
9283:
9281:
9279:
9263:
9254:
9253:
9251:
9249:
9233:
9227:
9226:
9224:
9222:
9203:
9197:
9196:
9194:
9192:
9177:
9171:
9170:
9168:
9166:
9150:
9144:
9143:
9141:
9139:
9123:
9117:
9116:
9114:
9112:
9097:
9091:
9090:
9088:
9086:
9072:
9066:
9065:
9063:
9061:
9041:
9035:
9034:
9022:
9012:
9006:
9005:
9000:
8998:
8992:
8985:
8977:
8971:
8970:
8947:Eppink, Derk-Jan
8943:
8937:
8936:
8934:
8932:
8923:. Archived from
8912:
8903:
8902:
8900:
8898:
8883:
8874:
8873:
8871:
8869:
8854:
8848:
8835:
8829:
8828:
8826:
8824:
8809:
8803:
8802:
8794:
8788:
8787:
8785:
8783:
8769:
8762:
8756:
8755:
8753:
8751:
8746:on 22 April 2021
8732:
8726:
8725:
8723:
8721:
8701:
8695:
8694:
8692:
8690:
8681:. Archived from
8667:
8661:
8652:
8646:
8643:
8637:
8636:
8634:
8632:
8616:
8610:
8609:
8607:
8605:
8599:
8592:
8584:
8578:
8577:
8575:
8573:
8558:
8552:
8551:
8549:
8547:
8537:
8528:
8522:
8521:
8519:
8517:
8512:on 25 March 2009
8511:
8504:
8495:
8486:
8485:
8483:
8481:
8466:
8460:
8459:
8457:
8455:
8444:"Executive body"
8440:
8434:
8433:
8431:
8429:
8410:
8401:
8398:
8392:
8391:
8389:
8387:
8378:. Archived from
8368:
8357:
8356:
8354:
8352:
8337:
8331:
8330:
8328:
8326:
8315:
8309:
8308:
8306:
8304:
8289:
8283:
8282:
8280:
8278:
8262:
8256:
8243:
8237:
8224:
8218:
8217:
8215:
8213:
8207:
8200:
8191:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8180:
8165:
8156:
8155:, 8 January 2009
8139:
8133:
8132:
8130:
8128:
8119:. Archived from
8108:
8102:
8099:
8093:
8092:
8081:
8075:
8074:
8072:
8070:
8054:
8048:
8047:
8042:. Archived from
8031:
8025:
8024:
8022:
8020:
8004:
7998:
7997:
7995:
7993:
7984:. Archived from
7971:
7965:
7964:
7962:
7960:
7951:. Archived from
7940:
7934:
7933:
7931:
7929:
7914:
7908:
7907:
7905:
7903:
7897:
7890:
7881:
7875:
7874:
7872:
7870:
7855:
7849:
7848:
7830:
7824:
7823:
7821:
7819:
7810:. Archived from
7799:
7793:
7792:
7790:
7788:
7773:
7767:
7766:
7764:
7762:
7747:
7741:
7740:
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7712:
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7695:
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7581:
7580:
7578:
7576:
7561:
7555:
7554:
7552:
7550:
7535:
7524:
7523:
7500:Eppink, Derk-Jan
7496:
7490:
7489:
7487:
7485:
7479:
7473:. Archived from
7468:
7459:
7450:
7449:
7447:
7445:
7430:
7424:
7423:
7421:
7419:
7404:
7389:
7384:
7371:
7370:
7366:978-0521-73275-8
7350:
7341:
7340:
7338:
7336:
7317:
7311:
7310:
7308:
7306:
7291:
7285:
7284:
7279:
7277:
7262:
7256:
7255:
7250:
7248:
7242:
7236:. Archived from
7225:
7214:
7177:
7172:
7171:
7170:
7059:COVID-19 vaccine
7026:#BrusselsSoWhite
7001:Treaty of Lisbon
6985:direct elections
6832:Treaty of Lisbon
6813:Political styles
6761:European Council
6721:European Council
6693:personal cabinet
6642:Court of Justice
6549:and restricting
6498:Treaty of Lisbon
6312:European Council
6269:Prodi Commission
6205:founding fathers
6091:
6084:
6077:
6054:
6053:
6052:
5829:
5828:
5817:
5816:
5805:
5804:
5793:
5792:
5781:
5780:
5769:
5768:
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5745:
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5721:
5720:
5709:
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5685:
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5672:
5661:
5660:
5649:
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5637:
5636:
5625:
5624:
5613:
5612:
5601:
5600:
5589:
5588:
5577:
5576:
5565:
5564:
5553:
5552:
5541:
5540:
5529:
5528:
5517:
5516:
5435:Supranationalism
5342:Area of FS&J
5238:
5237:
5226:
5225:
5214:
5213:
5202:
5201:
5190:
5189:
5178:
5177:
5166:
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5154:
5153:
5142:
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5130:
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5118:
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5106:
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5094:
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5082:
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5070:
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5058:
5057:
5046:
5045:
5034:
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5022:
5021:
5010:
5009:
4998:
4997:
4986:
4985:
4974:
4973:
4962:
4961:
4950:
4949:
4938:
4937:
4926:
4925:
4816:European parties
4757:
4756:
4755:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4711:
4710:
4699:
4698:
4687:
4686:
4675:
4674:
4663:
4662:
4651:
4650:
4639:
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4627:
4626:
4615:
4614:
4603:
4602:
4591:
4590:
4579:
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4567:
4566:
4555:
4554:
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4531:
4530:
4519:
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4507:
4506:
4495:
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4483:
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4471:
4470:
4459:
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4422:
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4410:
4409:
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4341:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4286:
4285:
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4271:
4260:
4259:
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4239:
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4226:
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4211:
4200:
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4057:
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3992:
3991:
3990:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3966:
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3964:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3832:
3831:
3820:
3819:
3808:
3807:
3798:Hungarian forint
3796:
3795:
3784:
3783:
3772:
3771:
3760:
3759:
3733:
3732:
3703:
3702:
3691:
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3535:
3534:
3523:
3522:
3511:
3510:
3499:
3498:
3487:
3486:
3475:
3474:
3463:Eurozone members
3424:
3423:
3422:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3051:
3050:
3049:
2894:Euratom agencies
2519:Thérèse Blanchet
2417:
2416:
2320:List of meetings
2298:European Council
2171:Treaty of Lisbon
2037:
2036:
2015:
2014:
1993:
1992:
1981:
1980:
1969:
1968:
1957:
1956:
1945:
1944:
1933:
1932:
1921:
1920:
1909:
1908:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1521:
1496:
1495:
1434:Walter Hallstein
1419:Walter Hallstein
1397:Treaties of Rome
1393:Monnet Authority
1373:
1366:
1359:
1338:
1326:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1216:
1163:European Council
1088:
1085:
1083:
806:
805:
804:
793:
792:
791:
780:
779:
778:
767:
766:
765:
754:
753:
752:
741:
740:
739:
728:
727:
726:
715:
714:
713:
702:
701:
700:
689:
688:
687:
676:
675:
674:
663:
662:
661:
650:
649:
648:
637:
636:
635:
624:
623:
622:
611:
610:
609:
598:
597:
596:
585:
584:
583:
572:
571:
570:
559:
558:
557:
546:
545:
544:
533:
532:
531:
520:
519:
518:
507:
506:
505:
494:
493:
492:
481:
480:
479:
468:
467:
466:
456:27 member states
444:
442:
437:
421:
407:
392:
390:Comisión Europea
377:
362:
360:Európska komisia
347:
332:
317:
302:
287:
285:Europos Komisija
272:
270:Eiropas Komisija
257:
242:
227:
212:
211:
197:
182:
167:
152:
150:Euroopa Komisjon
137:
136:
122:
107:
92:
77:
62:
61:
44:
43:
37:
32:
31:
21:
13534:
13533:
13529:
13528:
13527:
13525:
13524:
13523:
13494:
13493:
13492:
13487:
13480:
13471:
13459:
13443:
13435:
13427:
13422:Emmanuel Macron
13419:
13411:
13403:
13395:
13387:
13379:
13371:
13363:
13355:
13350:Andrea Riccardi
13347:
13339:
13331:
13323:
13315:
13303:
13295:
13287:
13279:
13268:
13260:
13252:
13244:
13236:
13228:
13223:Franz Vranitzky
13220:
13212:
13207:Felipe González
13204:
13196:
13188:
13180:
13172:
13160:
13155:Henry Kissinger
13152:
13144:
13139:
13134:
13129:
13121:
13113:
13108:
13100:
13092:
13084:
13076:
13065:
13060:
13055:
13047:
13039:
13034:
13026:
13018:
13013:
13005:
12997:
12992:
12984:
12976:
12971:
12963:
12955:
12947:
12939:
12931:
12923:
12918:
12913:Konrad Adenauer
12910:
12902:
12894:
12886:
12878:
12867:
12861:
12831:
12826:
12813:
12806:
12797:
12745:
12726:Public holidays
12672:
12646:Global Strategy
12538:
12531:
12500:Labour mobility
12393:Global Strategy
12354:Driving licence
12296:
12272:Pro-Europeanism
12197:
12109:
12034:Competition law
12006:
11984:
11978:
11961:
11955:
11939:
11922:
11916:
11871:
11869:
11859:
11834:
11799:
11769:
11753:Vice-Presidents
11712:
11647:Vice-Presidents
11601:
11585:
11579:Protected areas
11549:External border
11517:
11479:
11417:
11386:
11359:
11346:
11328:
11301:
11271:
11262:1993–2004
11257:1973–1993
11252:1958–1972
11247:1948–1957
11214:
11208:
11178:
11173:
11163:
11161:
11153:
11092:
11024:
10969:
10933:
10817:
10808:
10770:
10755:
10747:
10734:
10732:
10702:
10697:
10669:
10660:
10647:
10634:
10621:
10611:
10601:
10592:
10579:
10566:
10552:
10539:
10526:
10513:
10500:
10487:
10474:
10461:
10451:
10449:
10440:
10431:
10421:
10419:
10410:
10401:
10398:Pierre Chatenet
10388:
10375:
10365:
10363:
10354:
10345:
10331:
10318:
10305:
10292:
10279:
10269:
10267:
10258:
10244:
10242:
10166:
10161:
10160:
10153:
10133:
10129:
10119:
10117:
10109:The Independent
10100:
10096:
10086:
10084:
10067:
10066:
10062:
10052:
10050:
10037:
10036:
10029:
10019:
10017:
10004:
10003:
9996:
9986:
9984:
9971:
9970:
9963:
9953:
9951:
9938:
9937:
9930:
9920:
9918:
9893:
9889:
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9848:
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9831:
9827:
9817:
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9792:
9773:
9769:
9759:
9757:
9748:
9747:
9743:
9733:
9731:
9720:
9716:
9706:
9704:
9693:
9689:
9679:
9677:
9662:
9658:
9648:
9646:
9629:
9625:
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9613:
9596:
9592:
9569:
9562:
9552:
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9531:
9521:
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9473:
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9432:
9430:
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9381:
9377:
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9348:
9344:
9334:
9332:
9317:
9313:
9303:
9301:
9292:
9291:
9287:
9277:
9275:
9270:. EU Observer.
9264:
9257:
9247:
9245:
9234:
9230:
9220:
9218:
9205:
9204:
9200:
9190:
9188:
9179:
9178:
9174:
9164:
9162:
9157:. EU Observer.
9151:
9147:
9137:
9135:
9130:. EU Observer.
9124:
9120:
9110:
9108:
9099:
9098:
9094:
9084:
9082:
9074:
9073:
9069:
9059:
9057:
9042:
9038:
9031:
9013:
9009:
8996:
8994:
8990:
8983:
8979:
8978:
8974:
8967:
8944:
8940:
8930:
8928:
8913:
8906:
8896:
8894:
8893:on 23 June 2007
8885:
8884:
8877:
8867:
8865:
8864:on 29 June 2007
8856:
8855:
8851:
8845:Wayback Machine
8836:
8832:
8822:
8820:
8811:
8810:
8806:
8795:
8791:
8781:
8779:
8764:
8763:
8759:
8749:
8747:
8734:
8733:
8729:
8719:
8717:
8702:
8698:
8688:
8686:
8685:on 6 March 2006
8668:
8664:
8653:
8649:
8644:
8640:
8630:
8628:
8617:
8613:
8603:
8601:
8597:
8590:
8586:
8585:
8581:
8571:
8569:
8560:
8559:
8555:
8545:
8543:
8535:
8529:
8525:
8515:
8513:
8509:
8502:
8496:
8489:
8479:
8477:
8468:
8467:
8463:
8453:
8451:
8442:
8441:
8437:
8427:
8425:
8412:
8411:
8404:
8399:
8395:
8385:
8383:
8382:on 23 June 2007
8370:
8369:
8360:
8350:
8348:
8339:
8338:
8334:
8324:
8322:
8316:
8312:
8302:
8300:
8291:
8290:
8286:
8276:
8274:
8263:
8259:
8253:Wayback Machine
8244:
8240:
8236:Politico. 2022.
8234:Wayback Machine
8225:
8221:
8211:
8209:
8205:
8198:
8192:
8188:
8178:
8176:
8167:
8166:
8159:
8149:Wayback Machine
8140:
8136:
8126:
8124:
8117:The Irish Times
8109:
8105:
8100:
8096:
8083:
8082:
8078:
8068:
8066:
8055:
8051:
8032:
8028:
8018:
8016:
8005:
8001:
7991:
7989:
7972:
7968:
7958:
7956:
7941:
7937:
7927:
7925:
7916:
7915:
7911:
7901:
7899:
7895:
7888:
7882:
7878:
7868:
7866:
7857:
7856:
7852:
7845:
7831:
7827:
7817:
7815:
7800:
7796:
7786:
7784:
7775:
7774:
7770:
7760:
7758:
7749:
7748:
7744:
7734:
7732:
7723:
7722:
7718:
7708:
7706:
7699:"EU and the G8"
7697:
7696:
7692:
7682:
7680:
7667:
7666:
7662:
7652:
7650:
7641:
7640:
7636:
7626:
7624:
7615:
7614:
7610:
7600:
7598:
7589:
7588:
7584:
7574:
7572:
7563:
7562:
7558:
7548:
7546:
7537:
7536:
7527:
7520:
7497:
7493:
7483:
7481:
7477:
7466:
7460:
7453:
7443:
7441:
7432:
7431:
7427:
7417:
7415:
7406:
7405:
7392:
7385:
7374:
7367:
7351:
7344:
7334:
7332:
7327:. 1 July 2014.
7319:
7318:
7314:
7304:
7302:
7293:
7292:
7288:
7275:
7273:
7264:
7263:
7259:
7246:
7244:
7240:
7234:
7223:
7215:
7211:
7206:
7173:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7098:Luxembourg City
7078:
7055:
7039:
7034:
6972:
6966:
6910:
6876:is headed by a
6850:
6844:
6815:
6799:
6768:Vice-Presidents
6705:
6673:
6666:
6615:
6595:Franco Frattini
6582:member states.
6519:
6494:
6492:Executive power
6461:
6453:Henna Virkkunen
6417:spitzenkandidat
6401:
6384:
6365:
6359:
6293:
6287:
6271:
6265:
6230:
6224:
6201:
6183:
6095:
6066:
6062:Other countries
6050:
6048:
6043:
6042:
6005:
5997:
5996:
5983:
5955:
5835:
5823:
5811:
5799:
5787:
5775:
5763:
5751:
5739:
5727:
5715:
5703:
5691:
5679:
5667:
5655:
5643:
5631:
5619:
5607:
5595:
5583:
5571:
5559:
5547:
5535:
5523:
5511:
5508:
5503:
5485:
5477:
5469:
5459:
5458:
5389:Pro-Europeanism
5315:
5307:
5306:
5255:
5245:
5244:
5232:
5220:
5208:
5196:
5184:
5172:
5160:
5148:
5136:
5124:
5112:
5100:
5088:
5076:
5064:
5052:
5040:
5028:
5016:
5004:
4992:
4980:
4968:
4956:
4944:
4932:
4920:
4917:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4855:
4850:
4831:Spitzenkandidat
4806:
4796:
4795:
4769:
4764:
4753:
4751:
4740:
4738:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4717:
4705:
4693:
4681:
4669:
4657:
4645:
4633:
4621:
4609:
4597:
4585:
4573:
4561:
4549:
4537:
4525:
4513:
4501:
4489:
4477:
4465:
4453:
4441:
4428:
4416:
4404:
4392:
4389:
4383:
4373:
4372:
4352:
4350:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4329:
4310:Prüm Convention
4306:
4295:
4293:
4282:
4280:
4269:
4267:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4246:
4235:
4233:
4222:
4220:
4209:
4207:
4196:
4194:
4183:
4181:
4170:
4168:
4157:
4155:
4144:
4142:
4131:
4129:
4118:
4116:
4105:
4103:
4092:
4090:
4079:
4077:
4066:
4064:
4053:
4051:
4040:
4038:
4027:
4025:
4014:
4012:
4001:
3999:
3988:
3986:
3975:
3973:
3962:
3960:
3949:
3947:
3936:
3934:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3907:
3906:
3897:
3896:
3856:
3851:
3838:
3826:
3814:
3802:
3790:
3778:
3766:
3754:
3751:
3744:
3742:
3735:Paschal Donohoe
3727:
3719:
3712:
3710:
3697:
3685:
3673:
3661:
3649:
3637:
3625:
3613:
3601:
3589:
3577:
3565:
3553:
3541:
3529:
3517:
3505:
3493:
3481:
3469:
3466:
3458:
3448:
3447:
3431:
3420:
3418:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3397:
3396:
3385:
3383:
3372:
3370:
3359:
3357:
3346:
3344:
3333:
3331:
3320:
3318:
3307:
3305:
3294:
3292:
3281:
3279:
3268:
3266:
3255:
3253:
3242:
3240:
3229:
3227:
3216:
3214:
3203:
3201:
3190:
3188:
3177:
3175:
3164:
3162:
3151:
3149:
3138:
3136:
3125:
3123:
3112:
3110:
3099:
3097:
3086:
3084:
3073:
3071:
3060:
3058:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3039:Euratom members
3035:
3025:
3024:
2996:
2991:
2961:
2958:Advisory bodies
2954:
2941:
2936:
2865:
2858:
2850:
2845:
2837:
2832:
2824:
2819:
2812:Investment Fund
2807:Investment Bank
2803:
2797:
2789:
2788:
2754:
2744:
2743:
2715:
2710:
2702:
2694:
2686:
2685:
2655:
2647:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2630:
2614:Vice Presidents
2558:
2552:
2545:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2423:
2411:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2386:
2376:
2375:
2352:Vice Presidents
2333:
2326:
2301:
2293:
2285:
2284:
2269:
2264:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2234:
2229:
2228:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2099:Treaty of Paris
2088:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2043:
2031:
2028:
2021:
2009:
2006:
1999:
1987:
1975:
1971:North Macedonia
1963:
1951:
1939:
1927:
1915:
1903:
1900:
1893:
1892:
1881:
1879:
1868:
1866:
1855:
1853:
1842:
1840:
1829:
1827:
1816:
1814:
1803:
1801:
1790:
1788:
1777:
1775:
1764:
1762:
1751:
1749:
1738:
1736:
1725:
1723:
1712:
1710:
1699:
1697:
1686:
1684:
1673:
1671:
1660:
1658:
1647:
1645:
1634:
1632:
1621:
1619:
1608:
1606:
1595:
1593:
1582:
1580:
1569:
1567:
1556:
1554:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1512:
1494:
1377:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1266:
1264:
1253:
1251:
1242:
1240:
1231:
1229:
1222:
1220:
1214:
1194:
1188:
1080:
1072:
1067:Luxembourg City
1049:
1035:
877:
876:
834:
813:
802:
800:
789:
787:
776:
774:
763:
761:
750:
748:
737:
735:
724:
722:
711:
709:
698:
696:
685:
683:
672:
670:
659:
657:
646:
644:
633:
631:
620:
618:
607:
605:
594:
592:
581:
579:
568:
566:
555:
553:
542:
540:
529:
527:
516:
514:
503:
501:
490:
488:
477:
475:
464:
462:
459:
458:
440:
438:
435:
412:
90:Evropská komise
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13532:
13522:
13521:
13516:
13511:
13506:
13489:
13488:
13485:
13482:
13481:
13479:
13478:
13469:
13457:
13441:
13438:Klaus Iohannis
13433:
13425:
13417:
13409:
13401:
13393:
13385:
13377:
13369:
13361:
13353:
13345:
13337:
13329:
13321:
13313:
13301:
13293:
13285:
13276:
13274:
13270:
13269:
13267:
13266:
13258:
13250:
13242:
13234:
13226:
13218:
13210:
13202:
13199:Jacques Delors
13194:
13186:
13178:
13170:
13158:
13150:
13142:
13137:
13132:
13127:
13119:
13111:
13106:
13103:Emilio Colombo
13098:
13090:
13082:
13073:
13071:
13067:
13066:
13064:
13063:
13058:
13053:
13045:
13037:
13032:
13024:
13016:
13011:
13003:
13000:Jens Otto Krag
12995:
12990:
12982:
12974:
12969:
12961:
12953:
12945:
12942:Robert Schuman
12937:
12929:
12921:
12916:
12908:
12900:
12892:
12884:
12875:
12873:
12869:
12868:
12860:
12859:
12852:
12845:
12837:
12828:
12827:
12825:
12824:
12819:
12812:
12811:
12803:
12802:
12799:
12798:
12796:
12795:
12790:
12785:
12780:
12775:
12770:
12765:
12759:
12757:
12751:
12750:
12747:
12746:
12744:
12743:
12738:
12733:
12728:
12723:
12718:
12713:
12711:Laissez-passer
12708:
12703:
12698:
12690:
12684:
12678:
12677:
12674:
12673:
12671:
12670:
12669:
12668:
12663:
12661:Current agenda
12653:
12648:
12643:
12638:
12633:
12628:
12623:
12618:
12613:
12608:
12603:
12598:
12593:
12592:
12591:
12581:
12576:
12571:
12566:
12561:
12560:
12559:
12549:
12543:
12541:
12533:
12532:
12530:
12529:
12528:
12527:
12522:
12520:Sport policies
12517:
12512:
12507:
12502:
12497:
12496:
12495:
12485:
12480:
12479:
12478:
12468:
12463:
12458:
12453:
12448:
12438:
12437:
12436:
12435:
12434:
12424:
12423:
12422:
12417:
12407:
12397:
12396:
12395:
12390:
12385:
12380:
12379:
12378:
12363:
12362:
12361:
12356:
12351:
12341:
12336:
12331:
12326:
12320:
12315:
12304:
12302:
12298:
12297:
12295:
12294:
12289:
12284:
12279:
12274:
12269:
12267:Federalisation
12264:
12259:
12257:Euroscepticism
12254:
12249:
12244:
12239:
12234:
12229:
12224:
12218:
12216:
12209:
12203:
12202:
12199:
12198:
12196:
12195:
12190:
12185:
12180:
12175:
12174:
12173:
12163:
12162:
12161:
12160:
12159:
12144:
12139:
12134:
12129:
12123:
12117:
12111:
12110:
12108:
12107:
12106:
12105:
12100:
12090:
12085:
12080:
12075:
12070:
12065:
12058:
12053:
12052:
12051:
12041:
12036:
12031:
12026:
12020:
12018:
12012:
12011:
12008:
12007:
12005:
12004:
11999:
11994:
11988:
11986:
11980:
11979:
11977:
11976:
11971:
11965:
11963:
11957:
11956:
11954:
11953:
11947:
11945:
11941:
11940:
11938:
11937:
11932:
11926:
11924:
11918:
11917:
11915:
11914:
11909:
11904:
11899:
11898:
11897:
11894:
11889:
11881:
11875:
11873:
11865:
11864:
11861:
11860:
11858:
11857:
11856:
11855:
11844:
11842:
11836:
11835:
11833:
11832:
11831:
11830:
11825:
11820:
11809:
11807:
11801:
11800:
11798:
11797:
11796:
11795:
11790:
11779:
11777:
11771:
11770:
11768:
11767:
11766:
11765:
11760:
11755:
11750:
11740:
11739:
11738:
11733:
11722:
11720:
11714:
11713:
11711:
11710:
11709:
11708:
11703:
11698:
11688:
11687:
11686:
11681:
11676:
11671:
11670:
11669:
11667:Constituencies
11659:
11654:
11649:
11644:
11633:
11631:
11622:
11613:
11607:
11606:
11603:
11602:
11600:
11599:
11594:
11589:
11581:
11576:
11571:
11566:
11561:
11559:Extreme points
11556:
11551:
11546:
11541:
11535:
11529:
11523:
11522:
11519:
11518:
11516:
11515:
11510:
11505:
11500:
11495:
11489:
11487:
11481:
11480:
11478:
11477:
11472:
11467:
11462:
11457:
11452:
11447:
11442:
11437:
11431:
11429:
11423:
11422:
11419:
11418:
11416:
11415:
11406:
11396:
11394:
11388:
11387:
11385:
11384:
11379:
11373:
11371:
11365:
11364:
11361:
11360:
11358:
11357:
11351:
11348:
11347:
11345:
11344:
11339:
11333:
11330:
11329:
11327:
11326:
11321:
11315:
11309:
11303:
11302:
11300:
11299:
11294:
11288:
11286:
11284:Defence policy
11277:
11273:
11272:
11270:
11269:
11264:
11259:
11254:
11249:
11244:
11239:
11233:
11231:
11222:
11216:
11215:
11213: articles
11211:European Union
11207:
11206:
11199:
11192:
11184:
11175:
11174:
11172:
11171:
11158:
11155:
11154:
11152:
11151:
11146:
11141:
11136:
11131:
11126:
11121:
11116:
11111:
11106:
11100:
11098:
11094:
11093:
11091:
11090:
11085:
11080:
11075:
11070:
11068:Interpretation
11065:
11060:
11055:
11050:
11045:
11040:
11034:
11032:
11026:
11025:
11023:
11022:
11017:
11012:
11011:
11010:
11000:
10995:
10990:
10985:
10979:
10977:
10971:
10970:
10968:
10967:
10962:
10957:
10952:
10947:
10941:
10939:
10935:
10934:
10932:
10931:
10926:
10921:
10916:
10911:
10906:
10901:
10896:
10891:
10886:
10881:
10876:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10856:
10851:
10846:
10841:
10836:
10834:Climate Action
10831:
10825:
10823:
10819:
10818:
10811:
10809:
10807:
10806:
10801:
10796:
10791:
10786:
10780:
10778:
10772:
10771:
10769:
10768:
10762:
10752:
10749:
10748:
10731:
10730:
10723:
10716:
10708:
10699:
10698:
10696:
10695:
10690:
10685:
10680:
10674:
10671:
10670:
10668:
10667:
10654:
10641:
10628:
10614:
10612:
10610:(2009–present)
10606:
10603:
10602:
10600:
10599:
10586:
10573:
10559:
10549:Jacques Santer
10546:
10536:Jacques Delors
10533:
10520:
10507:
10494:
10484:Sicco Mansholt
10481:
10468:
10454:
10452:
10445:
10442:
10441:
10439:
10438:
10424:
10422:
10415:
10412:
10411:
10409:
10408:
10395:
10385:Étienne Hirsch
10382:
10368:
10366:
10359:
10356:
10355:
10353:
10352:
10338:
10328:Rinaldo Del Bo
10325:
10312:
10299:
10286:
10272:
10270:
10263:
10260:
10259:
10241:
10240:
10233:
10226:
10218:
10212:
10211:
10205:
10199:
10192:
10182:
10173:
10165:
10164:External links
10162:
10159:
10158:
10151:
10127:
10094:
10073:European Union
10060:
10027:
9994:
9961:
9928:
9887:
9856:
9825:
9790:
9767:
9756:on 9 June 2011
9741:
9714:
9687:
9656:
9623:
9590:
9579:(3): 375–392.
9560:
9529:
9518:on 15 May 2007
9498:
9487:(2): 185–210.
9471:
9440:
9406:
9375:
9342:
9311:
9285:
9255:
9228:
9198:
9172:
9145:
9118:
9092:
9067:
9036:
9029:
9007:
8993:on 5 July 2008
8972:
8965:
8938:
8904:
8875:
8849:
8830:
8804:
8789:
8757:
8727:
8696:
8662:
8647:
8638:
8611:
8579:
8568:on 8 July 2007
8553:
8523:
8487:
8472:. CVCE. 2016.
8461:
8435:
8402:
8393:
8358:
8332:
8310:
8284:
8257:
8238:
8219:
8186:
8157:
8134:
8103:
8094:
8076:
8049:
8026:
7999:
7966:
7935:
7909:
7876:
7850:
7843:
7825:
7794:
7768:
7742:
7716:
7690:
7660:
7634:
7608:
7582:
7556:
7525:
7518:
7491:
7451:
7436:. CVCE. 2016.
7425:
7410:. CVCE. 2016.
7390:
7372:
7365:
7342:
7312:
7286:
7257:
7232:
7226:. p. 20.
7208:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7201:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7179:
7178:
7162:
7159:
7077:
7074:
7054:
7051:
7038:
7037:Anti-terrorism
7035:
7033:
7030:
6965:
6962:
6909:
6906:
6882:Ilze Juhansone
6843:
6842:Administration
6840:
6814:
6811:
6798:
6795:
6723:, following a
6704:
6701:
6665:
6662:
6614:
6611:
6580:European Union
6547:climate change
6518:
6515:
6511:European Union
6503:foreign policy
6493:
6490:
6460:
6457:
6445:Raffaele Fitto
6419:"). While the
6397:Main article:
6383:
6380:
6376:Martin Selmayr
6361:Main article:
6358:
6355:
6351:Euroscepticism
6289:Main article:
6286:
6283:
6279:Treaty of Nice
6267:Main article:
6264:
6261:
6234:Jacques Santer
6226:Main article:
6223:
6222:Jacques Santer
6220:
6197:Main article:
6182:
6181:Jacques Delors
6179:
6151:Home Secretary
6115:Rey Commission
6097:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6086:
6079:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6064:
6058:
6045:
6044:
6041:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6024:
6023:
6018:
6006:
6004:Defunct bodies
6003:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5995:
5994:
5989:
5982:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5954:
5953:
5948:
5947:
5946:
5941:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5834:
5833:
5821:
5809:
5797:
5785:
5773:
5761:
5749:
5737:
5725:
5713:
5701:
5689:
5677:
5665:
5653:
5641:
5629:
5617:
5605:
5593:
5581:
5579:Czech Republic
5569:
5557:
5545:
5533:
5521:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5499:Defence Policy
5496:
5494:Foreign Policy
5491:
5484:
5483:
5471:
5470:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5442:
5437:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5394:Euroscepticism
5391:
5386:
5381:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5346:
5345:
5344:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5322:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5297:Recommendation
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5256:
5251:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5230:
5218:
5206:
5194:
5182:
5170:
5158:
5146:
5134:
5122:
5110:
5098:
5086:
5074:
5062:
5050:
5038:
5026:
5014:
5002:
4990:
4988:Czech Republic
4978:
4966:
4954:
4942:
4930:
4913:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4836:Constituencies
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4807:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4786:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4749:
4736:
4720:Non-EU members
4718:
4716:
4715:
4703:
4691:
4679:
4667:
4655:
4643:
4631:
4619:
4607:
4595:
4583:
4571:
4559:
4547:
4535:
4523:
4511:
4499:
4487:
4475:
4463:
4461:Czech Republic
4451:
4439:
4426:
4414:
4402:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4363:
4362:
4348:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4305:
4304:
4291:
4278:
4265:
4249:Non-EU members
4247:
4245:
4244:
4231:
4218:
4205:
4192:
4179:
4166:
4153:
4140:
4127:
4114:
4101:
4088:
4075:
4062:
4049:
4036:
4023:
4010:
3997:
3984:
3982:Czech Republic
3971:
3958:
3945:
3932:
3918:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3837:
3836:
3824:
3812:
3800:
3788:
3776:
3764:
3745:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3713:
3708:
3707:
3695:
3683:
3671:
3659:
3647:
3635:
3623:
3611:
3599:
3587:
3575:
3563:
3551:
3539:
3527:
3515:
3503:
3491:
3479:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3438:
3437:
3430:
3429:
3427:United Kingdom
3416:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3381:
3368:
3355:
3342:
3329:
3316:
3303:
3290:
3277:
3264:
3251:
3238:
3225:
3212:
3199:
3186:
3173:
3160:
3147:
3134:
3121:
3119:Czech Republic
3108:
3095:
3082:
3069:
3056:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2972:
2967:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2931:of the Euratom
2929:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2809:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2777:Euro banknotes
2774:
2769:
2755:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2583:
2571:Largest groups
2568:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2507:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2435:Configurations
2433:
2424:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2339:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2276:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2247:Other treaties
2245:
2235:
2230:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2168:
2162:
2159:Treaty of Nice
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2123:Euratom Treaty
2120:
2117:Treaty of Rome
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2042:
2041:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1985:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1925:
1913:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1877:
1864:
1851:
1838:
1825:
1812:
1799:
1786:
1773:
1760:
1747:
1734:
1721:
1708:
1695:
1682:
1669:
1656:
1643:
1630:
1617:
1615:Czech Republic
1604:
1591:
1578:
1565:
1552:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1493:
1490:
1486:Jacques Delors
1478:Étienne Hirsch
1403:(EEC) and the
1385:High Authority
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1259:
1248:
1237:
1226:
1213:
1210:
1202:Robert Schuman
1187:
1184:
1151:oath of office
1120:European Union
1090:
1089:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1040:Responsible to
1037:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
976:Interpretation
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
891:Climate Action
888:
883:
874:
873:
872:
870:
866:
865:
860:
856:
855:
845:
841:
840:
829:
825:
824:
822:European Union
819:
815:
814:
812:
811:
798:
785:
772:
759:
746:
733:
720:
707:
694:
681:
668:
655:
642:
629:
616:
603:
590:
577:
564:
551:
538:
536:Czech Republic
525:
512:
499:
486:
473:
454:
453:
452:
450:
446:
445:
432:
428:
427:
423:
422:
414:
413:
409:
408:
401:
394:
393:
386:
379:
378:
371:
364:
363:
356:
349:
348:
341:
334:
333:
326:
319:
318:
311:
304:
303:
296:
289:
288:
281:
274:
273:
266:
259:
258:
251:
244:
243:
236:
229:
228:
221:
214:
213:
206:
199:
198:
191:
184:
183:
176:
169:
168:
161:
154:
153:
146:
139:
138:
131:
124:
123:
116:
109:
108:
101:
94:
93:
86:
79:
78:
71:
64:
63:
56:
49:
48:
42:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13531:
13520:
13517:
13515:
13512:
13510:
13507:
13505:
13502:
13501:
13499:
13483:
13475:
13470:
13467:
13463:
13458:
13455:
13451:
13447:
13442:
13439:
13434:
13431:
13426:
13423:
13418:
13415:
13410:
13407:
13402:
13399:
13398:Martin Schulz
13394:
13391:
13386:
13383:
13378:
13375:
13370:
13367:
13362:
13359:
13354:
13351:
13346:
13343:
13342:Angela Merkel
13338:
13335:
13334:Javier Solana
13330:
13327:
13322:
13319:
13314:
13311:
13307:
13302:
13299:
13294:
13291:
13286:
13283:
13282:György Konrád
13278:
13277:
13275:
13271:
13264:
13259:
13256:
13251:
13248:
13243:
13240:
13235:
13232:
13231:Queen Beatrix
13227:
13224:
13219:
13216:
13211:
13208:
13203:
13200:
13195:
13192:
13187:
13184:
13179:
13176:
13175:Brother Roger
13171:
13168:
13164:
13159:
13156:
13151:
13148:
13143:
13138:
13133:
13128:
13125:
13120:
13117:
13112:
13107:
13104:
13099:
13096:
13091:
13088:
13087:Walter Scheel
13083:
13080:
13079:Leo Tindemans
13075:
13074:
13072:
13068:
13059:
13054:
13051:
13046:
13043:
13038:
13033:
13030:
13025:
13022:
13017:
13012:
13009:
13004:
13001:
12996:
12991:
12988:
12987:Antonio Segni
12983:
12980:
12975:
12970:
12967:
12962:
12959:
12954:
12951:
12946:
12943:
12938:
12935:
12930:
12927:
12922:
12917:
12914:
12909:
12906:
12901:
12898:
12893:
12890:
12885:
12882:
12877:
12876:
12874:
12870:
12866:
12858:
12853:
12851:
12846:
12844:
12839:
12838:
12835:
12823:
12820:
12818:
12815:
12814:
12809:
12805:
12804:
12800:
12794:
12791:
12789:
12786:
12784:
12781:
12779:
12776:
12774:
12771:
12769:
12766:
12764:
12761:
12760:
12758:
12756:
12752:
12742:
12739:
12737:
12734:
12732:
12729:
12727:
12724:
12722:
12721:Media freedom
12719:
12717:
12714:
12712:
12709:
12707:
12704:
12702:
12699:
12697:
12696:
12692:
12691:
12688:
12685:
12683:
12679:
12667:
12664:
12662:
12659:
12658:
12657:
12654:
12652:
12649:
12647:
12644:
12642:
12639:
12637:
12634:
12632:
12629:
12627:
12624:
12622:
12619:
12617:
12614:
12612:
12609:
12607:
12604:
12602:
12599:
12597:
12594:
12590:
12587:
12586:
12585:
12582:
12580:
12577:
12575:
12572:
12570:
12567:
12565:
12562:
12558:
12555:
12554:
12553:
12550:
12548:
12545:
12544:
12542:
12540:
12534:
12526:
12523:
12521:
12518:
12516:
12513:
12511:
12508:
12506:
12503:
12501:
12498:
12494:
12491:
12490:
12489:
12486:
12484:
12481:
12477:
12474:
12473:
12472:
12469:
12467:
12466:Energy policy
12464:
12462:
12459:
12457:
12456:Customs Union
12454:
12452:
12449:
12447:
12444:
12443:
12442:
12441:Single market
12439:
12433:
12430:
12429:
12428:
12425:
12421:
12418:
12416:
12413:
12412:
12411:
12408:
12406:
12403:
12402:
12401:
12398:
12394:
12391:
12389:
12386:
12384:
12381:
12377:
12374:
12373:
12372:
12369:
12368:
12367:
12364:
12360:
12357:
12355:
12352:
12349:
12345:
12344:identity card
12342:
12340:
12337:
12335:
12332:
12330:
12327:
12324:
12321:
12319:
12318:Schengen Area
12316:
12314:
12311:
12310:
12309:
12306:
12305:
12303:
12299:
12293:
12290:
12288:
12285:
12283:
12280:
12278:
12275:
12273:
12270:
12268:
12265:
12263:
12260:
12258:
12255:
12253:
12250:
12248:
12245:
12243:
12240:
12238:
12235:
12233:
12230:
12228:
12225:
12223:
12220:
12219:
12217:
12213:
12210:
12208:
12204:
12194:
12191:
12189:
12186:
12184:
12181:
12179:
12176:
12172:
12169:
12168:
12167:
12164:
12158:
12155:
12154:
12153:
12150:
12149:
12148:
12145:
12143:
12140:
12138:
12135:
12133:
12130:
12128:
12125:
12124:
12121:
12118:
12116:
12112:
12104:
12101:
12099:
12096:
12095:
12094:
12091:
12089:
12086:
12084:
12081:
12079:
12076:
12074:
12071:
12069:
12066:
12064:
12063:
12059:
12057:
12054:
12050:
12047:
12046:
12045:
12042:
12040:
12039:Copyright law
12037:
12035:
12032:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12022:
12021:
12019:
12017:
12013:
12003:
12000:
11998:
11995:
11993:
11990:
11989:
11987:
11981:
11975:
11972:
11970:
11967:
11966:
11964:
11958:
11952:
11949:
11948:
11946:
11942:
11936:
11933:
11931:
11928:
11927:
11925:
11919:
11913:
11910:
11908:
11905:
11903:
11900:
11896:EIB Institute
11895:
11893:
11890:
11888:
11885:
11884:
11882:
11880:
11877:
11876:
11874:
11866:
11854:
11851:
11850:
11849:
11846:
11845:
11843:
11841:
11837:
11829:
11826:
11824:
11821:
11819:
11816:
11815:
11814:
11811:
11810:
11808:
11806:
11802:
11794:
11793:General Court
11791:
11789:
11786:
11785:
11784:
11781:
11780:
11778:
11776:
11772:
11764:
11761:
11759:
11758:Commissioners
11756:
11754:
11751:
11749:
11746:
11745:
11744:
11741:
11737:
11734:
11732:
11729:
11728:
11727:
11724:
11723:
11721:
11719:
11715:
11707:
11704:
11702:
11699:
11697:
11694:
11693:
11692:
11689:
11685:
11682:
11680:
11677:
11675:
11672:
11668:
11665:
11664:
11663:
11660:
11658:
11655:
11653:
11650:
11648:
11645:
11643:
11640:
11639:
11638:
11635:
11634:
11632:
11630:
11626:
11623:
11621:
11617:
11614:
11612:
11608:
11598:
11595:
11593:
11590:
11588:
11582:
11580:
11577:
11575:
11574:Member states
11572:
11570:
11567:
11565:
11562:
11560:
11557:
11555:
11552:
11550:
11547:
11545:
11542:
11540:
11537:
11536:
11533:
11530:
11528:
11524:
11514:
11511:
11509:
11506:
11504:
11501:
11499:
11496:
11494:
11491:
11490:
11488:
11486:
11482:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11432:
11430:
11428:
11424:
11414:
11412:
11407:
11405:
11403:
11398:
11397:
11395:
11393:
11389:
11383:
11380:
11378:
11375:
11374:
11372:
11370:
11366:
11356:
11353:
11352:
11349:
11343:
11340:
11338:
11335:
11334:
11331:
11325:
11322:
11320:
11317:
11316:
11313:
11310:
11308:
11304:
11298:
11295:
11293:
11290:
11289:
11287:
11285:
11281:
11278:
11274:
11268:
11265:
11263:
11260:
11258:
11255:
11253:
11250:
11248:
11245:
11243:
11240:
11238:
11235:
11234:
11232:
11230:
11226:
11223:
11221:
11217:
11212:
11205:
11200:
11198:
11193:
11191:
11186:
11185:
11182:
11170:
11160:
11159:
11156:
11150:
11147:
11145:
11142:
11140:
11137:
11135:
11132:
11130:
11129:Jean Monnet 2
11127:
11125:
11122:
11120:
11117:
11115:
11112:
11110:
11107:
11105:
11102:
11101:
11099:
11095:
11089:
11086:
11084:
11081:
11079:
11076:
11074:
11073:Legal Service
11071:
11069:
11066:
11064:
11061:
11059:
11056:
11054:
11051:
11049:
11046:
11044:
11041:
11039:
11036:
11035:
11033:
11031:
11027:
11021:
11018:
11016:
11013:
11009:
11006:
11005:
11004:
11001:
10999:
10996:
10994:
10991:
10989:
10986:
10984:
10983:Communication
10981:
10980:
10978:
10976:
10972:
10966:
10963:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10953:
10951:
10948:
10946:
10943:
10942:
10940:
10936:
10930:
10927:
10925:
10922:
10920:
10917:
10915:
10912:
10910:
10907:
10905:
10902:
10900:
10897:
10895:
10892:
10890:
10887:
10885:
10882:
10880:
10877:
10875:
10872:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10857:
10855:
10852:
10850:
10847:
10845:
10842:
10840:
10837:
10835:
10832:
10830:
10827:
10826:
10824:
10820:
10815:
10805:
10802:
10800:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10787:
10785:
10782:
10781:
10779:
10777:
10776:Civil Service
10773:
10767:
10763:
10760:
10759:
10754:
10753:
10750:
10746:
10743:
10738:
10729:
10724:
10722:
10717:
10715:
10710:
10709:
10706:
10694:
10691:
10689:
10686:
10684:
10681:
10679:
10676:
10675:
10672:
10664:
10658:
10655:
10651:
10645:
10642:
10638:
10632:
10629:
10625:
10619:
10616:
10615:
10613:
10609:
10604:
10596:
10590:
10587:
10583:
10577:
10574:
10570:
10564:
10560:
10556:
10550:
10547:
10543:
10537:
10534:
10530:
10524:
10521:
10517:
10511:
10508:
10504:
10498:
10495:
10491:
10485:
10482:
10478:
10472:
10469:
10465:
10459:
10456:
10455:
10453:
10448:
10443:
10435:
10429:
10426:
10425:
10423:
10418:
10413:
10405:
10399:
10396:
10392:
10386:
10383:
10379:
10373:
10370:
10369:
10367:
10362:
10357:
10349:
10343:
10339:
10335:
10329:
10326:
10322:
10316:
10313:
10309:
10303:
10300:
10296:
10290:
10287:
10283:
10277:
10274:
10273:
10271:
10266:
10261:
10257:
10253:
10248:
10239:
10234:
10232:
10227:
10225:
10220:
10219:
10216:
10209:
10206:
10203:
10200:
10196:
10193:
10190:
10186:
10183:
10181:
10177:
10174:
10171:
10168:
10167:
10154:
10148:
10144:
10140:
10139:
10131:
10115:
10111:
10110:
10105:
10098:
10082:
10078:
10074:
10070:
10064:
10048:
10044:
10040:
10034:
10032:
10015:
10011:
10007:
10001:
9999:
9982:
9978:
9974:
9968:
9966:
9949:
9945:
9941:
9935:
9933:
9916:
9912:
9908:
9904:
9899:
9891:
9875:
9871:
9867:
9860:
9844:
9840:
9836:
9829:
9813:
9809:
9805:
9801:
9794:
9786:
9782:
9778:
9771:
9755:
9751:
9745:
9729:
9725:
9718:
9702:
9698:
9691:
9675:
9671:
9667:
9660:
9644:
9640:
9635:
9627:
9611:
9607:
9602:
9594:
9586:
9582:
9578:
9574:
9567:
9565:
9548:
9544:
9540:
9533:
9517:
9513:
9512:Federal Union
9509:
9502:
9494:
9490:
9486:
9482:
9475:
9459:
9455:
9451:
9444:
9428:
9424:
9420:
9416:
9415:Martin Schulz
9410:
9394:
9390:
9386:
9379:
9362:
9357:
9353:
9346:
9330:
9326:
9322:
9315:
9299:
9295:
9289:
9273:
9269:
9262:
9260:
9243:
9239:
9232:
9216:
9212:
9208:
9202:
9186:
9182:
9176:
9160:
9156:
9149:
9133:
9129:
9122:
9106:
9102:
9096:
9081:
9077:
9071:
9055:
9051:
9047:
9040:
9032:
9030:9780333587430
9026:
9021:
9020:
9011:
9004:
8989:
8982:
8976:
8968:
8962:
8958:
8954:
8953:
8948:
8942:
8926:
8922:
8918:
8911:
8909:
8892:
8888:
8882:
8880:
8863:
8859:
8853:
8846:
8842:
8839:
8834:
8818:
8814:
8808:
8800:
8793:
8777:
8773:
8772:The Economist
8768:
8761:
8745:
8741:
8737:
8731:
8715:
8711:
8707:
8700:
8684:
8680:
8676:
8672:
8671:Wallis, Diana
8666:
8659:
8658:
8651:
8642:
8626:
8622:
8615:
8596:
8589:
8583:
8567:
8563:
8557:
8541:
8534:
8527:
8508:
8501:
8494:
8492:
8475:
8471:
8465:
8449:
8445:
8439:
8423:
8419:
8415:
8409:
8407:
8397:
8381:
8377:
8373:
8367:
8365:
8363:
8346:
8342:
8336:
8321:
8314:
8298:
8294:
8288:
8272:
8268:
8261:
8254:
8250:
8247:
8242:
8235:
8231:
8228:
8223:
8204:
8197:
8190:
8174:
8170:
8164:
8162:
8154:
8150:
8146:
8143:
8138:
8122:
8118:
8114:
8107:
8098:
8090:
8086:
8080:
8064:
8060:
8053:
8045:
8041:
8037:
8030:
8014:
8010:
8003:
7987:
7983:
7982:
7981:Business Week
7977:
7970:
7954:
7950:
7946:
7939:
7923:
7919:
7913:
7894:
7887:
7880:
7864:
7860:
7854:
7846:
7840:
7836:
7829:
7813:
7809:
7805:
7798:
7782:
7778:
7772:
7756:
7752:
7746:
7730:
7726:
7720:
7704:
7700:
7694:
7678:
7674:
7670:
7664:
7648:
7644:
7638:
7622:
7618:
7612:
7596:
7592:
7586:
7570:
7566:
7560:
7544:
7540:
7539:"Composition"
7534:
7532:
7530:
7521:
7515:
7511:
7507:
7506:
7501:
7495:
7476:
7472:
7465:
7458:
7456:
7439:
7435:
7429:
7413:
7409:
7403:
7401:
7399:
7397:
7395:
7388:
7383:
7381:
7379:
7377:
7368:
7362:
7358:
7357:
7349:
7347:
7330:
7326:
7322:
7316:
7300:
7296:
7290:
7283:
7271:
7267:
7261:
7254:
7239:
7235:
7233:92-79-02225-3
7229:
7222:
7221:
7213:
7209:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7180:
7176:
7165:
7158:
7156:
7152:
7148:
7144:
7140:
7136:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7120:
7116:
7112:
7107:
7103:
7099:
7095:
7091:
7082:
7073:
7069:
7067:
7062:
7060:
7050:
7048:
7044:
7029:
7027:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7011:
7007:
7006:central banks
7002:
6998:
6997:civil society
6993:
6991:
6986:
6982:
6978:
6971:
6961:
6959:
6955:
6954:news agencies
6951:
6947:
6943:
6942:correspondent
6938:
6934:
6930:
6927:
6923:
6914:
6905:
6903:
6899:
6893:
6890:
6885:
6883:
6879:
6875:
6871:
6867:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6839:
6837:
6833:
6829:
6823:
6820:
6810:
6806:
6804:
6794:
6792:
6788:
6784:
6779:
6778:
6773:
6769:
6764:
6762:
6757:
6753:
6749:
6745:
6740:
6738:
6734:
6730:
6726:
6722:
6718:
6709:
6700:
6698:
6697:Civil Service
6694:
6690:
6686:
6682:
6678:
6677:Commissioners
6671:
6661:
6659:
6655:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6638:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6624:
6620:
6610:
6608:
6604:
6600:
6599:Stavros Dimas
6596:
6592:
6589:. In 2006, a
6588:
6583:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6569:
6565:
6564:due diligence
6561:
6556:
6552:
6548:
6544:
6539:
6537:
6533:
6529:
6524:
6514:
6512:
6506:
6504:
6499:
6489:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6475:
6471:
6467:
6456:
6454:
6450:
6446:
6442:
6438:
6437:Teresa Ribera
6432:
6430:
6426:
6425:Manfred Weber
6422:
6418:
6414:
6410:
6406:
6400:
6393:
6388:
6379:
6377:
6372:
6370:
6364:
6354:
6352:
6347:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6333:
6329:
6325:
6320:
6317:
6313:
6307:
6305:
6300:
6297:
6292:
6282:
6280:
6276:
6270:
6260:
6258:
6254:
6250:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6238:Édith Cresson
6235:
6229:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6210:
6206:
6200:
6192:
6187:
6178:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6164:
6160:
6156:
6152:
6148:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6127:
6125:
6121:
6120:customs union
6116:
6112:
6108:
6107:Merger Treaty
6104:
6092:
6087:
6085:
6080:
6078:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6069:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6047:
6046:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6007:
6001:
6000:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5964:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5952:
5949:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5482:
5481:Josep Borrell
5479:
5478:
5476:
5475:
5468:
5463:
5462:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5428:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5416:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5372:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5338:
5335:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5325:Customs Union
5323:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5311:
5310:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5276:
5273:
5270:
5269:ECJ Case 6/64
5266:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5254:
5249:
5248:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5013:
5008:
5003:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4841:Apportionment
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4805:
4800:
4799:
4790:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4761:
4750:
4748:
4747:Liechtenstein
4737:
4735:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4382:
4377:
4376:
4367:
4360:
4349:
4347:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4292:
4290:
4279:
4277:
4276:Liechtenstein
4266:
4264:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4243:
4232:
4230:
4219:
4217:
4206:
4204:
4193:
4191:
4180:
4178:
4167:
4165:
4154:
4152:
4141:
4139:
4128:
4126:
4115:
4113:
4102:
4100:
4089:
4087:
4076:
4074:
4063:
4061:
4050:
4048:
4037:
4035:
4024:
4022:
4011:
4009:
3998:
3996:
3985:
3983:
3972:
3970:
3959:
3957:
3946:
3944:
3933:
3931:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3915:Schengen Area
3911:
3910:
3901:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3834:Swedish krona
3830:
3825:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3763:
3762:Bulgarian lev
3758:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3743:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3598:
3593:
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2877:AFSC agencies
2876:
2874:CFSP agencies
2873:
2870:
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2855:
2852:
2851:
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2816:EIB Institute
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2793:
2792:
2783:
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2690:
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2681:General Court
2679:
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2607:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2590:Iratxe García
2587:
2584:
2581:
2580:Manfred Weber
2577:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2563:
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2368:
2365:
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2362:Civil Service
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2346:Von der Leyen
2343:
2340:
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2321:
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2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2129:Merger Treaty
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1889:
1878:
1876:
1865:
1863:
1852:
1850:
1839:
1837:
1826:
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1813:
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1800:
1798:
1787:
1785:
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1772:
1761:
1759:
1748:
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1735:
1733:
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1709:
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1696:
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1670:
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1603:
1592:
1590:
1579:
1577:
1566:
1564:
1553:
1551:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1533:Member states
1529:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1446:Kennedy Round
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
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1386:
1374:
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1360:
1355:
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1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:Lisbon Treaty
1263:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1256:Merger Treaty
1249:
1247:
1246:
1245:Rome treaties
1238:
1236:
1235:
1227:
1225:
1218:
1217:
1212:Establishment
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1198:supranational
1193:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1096:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
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974:
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969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
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944:
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937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
896:Communication
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
871:
867:
864:
861:
857:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
833:
830:
826:
823:
820:
816:
810:
799:
797:
786:
784:
773:
771:
760:
758:
747:
745:
734:
732:
721:
719:
708:
706:
695:
693:
682:
680:
669:
667:
656:
654:
643:
641:
630:
628:
617:
615:
604:
602:
591:
589:
578:
576:
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563:
552:
550:
539:
537:
526:
524:
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500:
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460:
457:
451:
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429:
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420:
415:
406:
402:
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391:
387:
384:
381:
380:
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372:
369:
366:
365:
361:
357:
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351:
350:
346:
342:
339:
336:
335:
331:
327:
324:
321:
320:
316:
312:
309:
306:
305:
301:
297:
294:
291:
290:
286:
282:
279:
276:
275:
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267:
264:
261:
260:
256:
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249:
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245:
241:
237:
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231:
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226:
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207:
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196:
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186:
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177:
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147:
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132:
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106:
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91:
87:
84:
81:
80:
76:
72:
69:
66:
65:
57:
54:
51:
50:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
13406:Pope Francis
13308: /
13273:2001–present
13263:Bill Clinton
13239:Roman Herzog
13191:Václav Havel
13165: /
13020:
12979:Edward Heath
12693:
12515:Space policy
12183:Average wage
12178:Minimum wage
12061:
11805:Central bank
11742:
11620:Institutions
11544:Demographics
11427:Enlargements
11410:
11401:
11369:Central bank
11276:Predecessors
10998:Publications
10938:External DGs
10756:
10744:
10607:
10576:Romano Prodi
10563:Manuel Marín
10523:Gaston Thorn
10372:Louis Armand
10342:Albert Coppé
10255:
10191:in Florence.
10137:
10130:
10118:. Retrieved
10114:the original
10107:
10097:
10087:17 September
10085:. Retrieved
10072:
10063:
10051:. Retrieved
10042:
10018:. Retrieved
10009:
9985:. Retrieved
9976:
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9943:
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9902:
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9869:
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9838:
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9812:the original
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9785:the original
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9754:the original
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9728:the original
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9701:the original
9690:
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9674:the original
9669:
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9638:
9626:
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9605:
9593:
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9572:
9553:24 September
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9542:
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9516:the original
9501:
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9480:
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9462:. Retrieved
9453:
9443:
9431:. Retrieved
9427:the original
9422:
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9393:the original
9388:
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9361:the original
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9324:
9314:
9302:. Retrieved
9288:
9276:. Retrieved
9246:. Retrieved
9231:
9219:. Retrieved
9210:
9201:
9189:. Retrieved
9185:the original
9181:"Eurojargon"
9175:
9163:. Retrieved
9148:
9136:. Retrieved
9121:
9109:. Retrieved
9104:
9095:
9083:. Retrieved
9079:
9070:
9058:. Retrieved
9049:
9039:
9023:. Palgrave.
9018:
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9002:
8995:. Retrieved
8988:the original
8975:
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8941:
8929:. Retrieved
8925:the original
8920:
8895:. Retrieved
8891:the original
8866:. Retrieved
8862:the original
8852:
8833:
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8817:the original
8807:
8798:
8792:
8780:. Retrieved
8771:
8760:
8748:. Retrieved
8744:the original
8739:
8730:
8718:. Retrieved
8709:
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8683:the original
8678:
8665:
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8629:. Retrieved
8625:the original
8614:
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8595:the original
8582:
8570:. Retrieved
8566:the original
8556:
8544:. Retrieved
8526:
8514:. Retrieved
8507:the original
8478:. Retrieved
8464:
8452:. Retrieved
8438:
8426:. Retrieved
8417:
8396:
8384:. Retrieved
8380:the original
8349:. Retrieved
8345:the original
8335:
8325:17 September
8323:. Retrieved
8313:
8301:. Retrieved
8287:
8275:. Retrieved
8269:. Politico.
8260:
8241:
8222:
8210:. Retrieved
8189:
8177:. Retrieved
8173:the original
8152:
8137:
8127:15 September
8125:. Retrieved
8121:the original
8116:
8106:
8097:
8089:the original
8079:
8067:. Retrieved
8063:the original
8052:
8044:the original
8039:
8029:
8017:. Retrieved
8013:the original
8002:
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7986:the original
7979:
7969:
7957:. Retrieved
7953:the original
7948:
7938:
7926:. Retrieved
7912:
7900:. Retrieved
7879:
7867:. Retrieved
7853:
7834:
7828:
7816:. Retrieved
7812:the original
7807:
7797:
7785:. Retrieved
7771:
7759:. Retrieved
7755:the original
7745:
7733:. Retrieved
7719:
7709:25 September
7707:. Retrieved
7703:the original
7693:
7681:. Retrieved
7672:
7663:
7651:. Retrieved
7637:
7625:. Retrieved
7611:
7599:. Retrieved
7585:
7573:. Retrieved
7559:
7547:. Retrieved
7504:
7494:
7484:24 September
7482:. Retrieved
7475:the original
7442:. Retrieved
7428:
7416:. Retrieved
7355:
7333:. Retrieved
7324:
7315:
7303:. Retrieved
7289:
7281:
7276:13 September
7274:. Retrieved
7260:
7252:
7245:. Retrieved
7238:the original
7219:
7212:
7087:
7070:
7063:
7056:
7040:
7014:
6994:
6973:
6939:
6935:
6931:
6919:
6894:
6886:
6863:
6824:
6816:
6807:
6800:
6776:
6765:
6748:Commissioner
6741:
6714:
6674:
6639:
6616:
6584:
6568:human rights
6540:
6520:
6507:
6495:
6478:
6462:
6433:
6402:
6373:
6366:
6348:
6343:
6339:
6335:
6321:
6308:
6304:Guido Strack
6301:
6294:
6275:Romano Prodi
6272:
6263:Romano Prodi
6248:
6246:
6231:
6212:
6202:
6167:Gaston Thorn
6128:
6102:
6100:
6012:(1958–1993)
5505:
5472:
5352:Agricultural
5275:Subsidiarity
4914:
4852:
4766:
4719:
4386:
4331:
4248:
3853:
3822:Romanian leu
3810:Polish złoty
3786:Danish krone
3774:Czech koruna
3746:
3741:
3722:
3714:
3709:
3461:
3399:
3038:
2993:
2956:
2938:
2860:
2847:
2834:
2821:
2800:
2796:Other bodies
2712:
2697:
2650:
2632:
2547:
2434:
2419:
2404:
2397:
2329:
2328:
2296:
2266:
2246:
2231:
2196:
2111:Spaak Report
2023:
2001:
1895:
1466:Fouchet Plan
1454:European law
1426:Louis Armand
1424:
1382:
1311:
1267:
1254:
1243:
1234:Paris Treaty
1232:
1195:
1147:member state
1144:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1069:, Luxembourg
1054:Headquarters
844:Appointed by
29:
13358:Donald Tusk
13167:Helmut Kohl
13116:Simone Veil
13042:Roy Jenkins
13008:Joseph Luns
12958:Joseph Bech
12905:Jean Monnet
12793:Urban areas
12656:Enlargement
12334:Citizenship
12083:LGBT rights
11921:Independent
11736:Euro summit
11652:Secretariat
11629:Legislature
11485:Withdrawals
11134:Joseph Bech
11114:Charlemagne
11088:Translation
11048:Informatics
10874:Environment
10844:Competition
10510:Roy Jenkins
10450:(1967–2009)
10420:(1958–1967)
10364:(1958–1967)
10276:Jean Monnet
10268:(1952–1967)
9818:17 December
9433:14 December
9304:5 September
9138:27 February
8823:21 November
8303:9 September
8255:SSRN. 2021.
7123:Netherlands
7032:Initiatives
6703:Appointment
6613:Enforcement
6572:environment
6496:Before the
6449:Kaja Kallas
6147:Roy Jenkins
6139:enlargement
5747:Netherlands
5430:Integration
5374:Citizenship
5156:Netherlands
4629:Netherlands
4387:EEA members
4302:Switzerland
4151:Netherlands
3657:Netherlands
3414:Switzerland
3301:Netherlands
2605:(2019–2024)
2603:9th session
2510:Secretariat
2281:(2015–2016)
1797:Netherlands
1389:Jean Monnet
1157:(currently
1118:arm of the
1031:Translation
961:Informatics
931:Environment
906:Competition
718:Netherlands
431:Established
13498:Categories
13255:Tony Blair
13183:Gyula Horn
12768:Directives
12666:Statistics
12488:Healthcare
12227:Eurosphere
12132:Currencies
12103:Withdrawal
12078:Regulation
11883:EIB Group
11828:Eurosystem
11696:Presidency
11657:Committees
11597:Statistics
11267:Since 2004
11104:Berlaymont
10822:Policy DGs
10794:Comitology
10608:Commission
10302:Paul Finet
10289:René Mayer
10252:Presidents
9839:EUobserver
9760:25 October
9734:25 October
9707:25 October
9649:25 October
9639:EUobserver
9616:25 October
9606:EUobserver
9573:Governance
9481:Governance
9423:Presseurop
9399:9 December
9389:Presseurop
9278:17 October
9248:17 October
9165:18 January
8782:22 October
8153:EUobserver
8069:25 October
7869:25 October
7818:17 October
7683:14 January
7247:4 December
7204:References
7102:Strasbourg
7028:movement.
7017:statistics
6977:since 1999
6968:See also:
6958:Presseurop
6950:EuroparlTV
6870:ministries
6830:under the
6777:ex officio
6681:portfolios
6627:comitology
6390:Incumbent
6189:President
6171:Commission
5723:Luxembourg
5282:Regulation
5132:Luxembourg
4605:Luxembourg
4125:Luxembourg
3633:Luxembourg
3275:Luxembourg
2886:SRM bodies
2782:Euro coins
2626:Conference
2406:Presidency
2182:Article 50
1959:Montenegro
1771:Luxembourg
1140:ministries
1126:, with 27
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869:Ministries
859:Main organ
692:Luxembourg
441:1958-01-16
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278:Lithuanian
13070:1976–2000
12872:1950–1975
12716:Languages
12695:Douzelage
12539:relations
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12262:Euromyths
12166:Transport
12044:Directive
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11527:Geography
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11097:Buildings
10185:Documents
9911:0362-4331
9880:8 January
9804:Mediapart
8997:20 August
8750:24 August
8720:24 August
7928:23 August
7787:23 August
7735:23 August
7653:23 August
7627:23 August
7601:23 August
7575:23 August
7127:Karlsruhe
7022:Microsoft
6889:turf wars
6797:Dismissal
6631:EU budget
6576:Directive
6403:In 2019,
6367:In 2014,
5711:Lithuania
5362:Fisheries
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5287:Directive
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4804:Elections
4593:Lithuania
4361:(Opt-out)
4112:Lithuania
3723:President
3716:Eurogroup
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2562:President
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2342:President
2305:President
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218:Hungarian
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12731:Religion
12537:Foreign
12525:VAT Area
12405:Eurozone
12301:Policies
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12093:Treaties
11983:Military
11960:Advisory
11944:Agencies
11584:Regions
11242:Founders
11229:Timeline
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10988:Eurostat
10789:Cabinets
10561:Acting:
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10340:Acting:
10081:Archived
10047:Archived
10014:Archived
9981:Archived
9948:Archived
9915:Archived
9874:Archived
9843:Archived
9808:VoxEurop
9643:Archived
9610:Archived
9547:Archived
9458:Archived
9454:BBC News
9329:Archived
9325:BBC News
9298:Archived
9272:Archived
9242:Archived
9215:Archived
9211:Contexte
9159:Archived
9132:Archived
9060:25 March
9054:Archived
8949:(2007).
8921:BBC News
8841:Archived
8776:Archived
8714:Archived
8660:. p. 6–7
8540:Archived
8480:18 April
8474:Archived
8454:18 April
8448:Archived
8428:25 March
8422:Archived
8420:. 2020.
8297:Archived
8271:Archived
8249:Archived
8230:Archived
8203:Archived
8145:Archived
7922:Archived
7893:Archived
7863:Archived
7781:Archived
7729:Archived
7677:Archived
7673:BBC News
7647:Archived
7621:Archived
7595:Archived
7569:Archived
7549:18 April
7543:Archived
7502:(2007).
7444:18 April
7438:Archived
7418:18 April
7412:Archived
7329:Archived
7299:Archived
7270:Archived
7161:See also
7076:Location
6898:trainees
6619:agencies
6570:and the
6479:Through
6466:citizens
6344:approves
6249:en masse
6131:Malfatti
6111:Jean Rey
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5795:Slovakia
5771:Portugal
5543:Bulgaria
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5292:Decision
5216:Slovenia
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4952:Bulgaria
4689:Slovenia
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4653:Portugal
4424:Bulgaria
4216:Slovenia
4203:Slovakia
4177:Portugal
3956:Bulgaria
3862:Bulgaria
3693:Slovenia
3681:Slovakia
3669:Portugal
3366:Slovenia
3353:Slovakia
3327:Portugal
3080:Bulgaria
2619:Quaestor
2465:AGRIFISH
2191:Opt-outs
1862:Slovenia
1849:Slovakia
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1501:a series
1436:led the
1428:led the
1224:Document
1221:In force
1061:Brussels
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744:Portugal
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12682:Culture
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11923:offices
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10254:of the
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10010:GDPR.eu
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9464:17 June
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9111:20 July
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8897:18 June
8868:18 June
8799:E!Sharp
8689:18 June
8631:18 June
8604:18 June
8572:18 June
8546:18 June
8516:10 July
8418:EUR-Lex
8386:18 June
8351:17 June
8212:22 June
8019:12 June
7992:17 June
7959:17 June
7902:12 June
7761:17 June
7335:13 July
7325:EUR-Lex
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7143:Seville
7139:Belgium
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6623:lobbies
6211:". The
6207:of the
5963:Ireland
5933:History
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4928:Austria
4734:Iceland
4665:Romania
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4521:Germany
4497:Finland
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4412:Belgium
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4008:Estonia
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3930:Austria
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3867:Czechia
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3561:Germany
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1286:
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1186:History
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13027:1970
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11868:Other
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