1797:
1422:
1525:
1741:
1809:
873:
1501:
1785:
790:
1559:
1163:
1773:
853:
1605:
1513:
1906:
2160:
1729:
1967:
1574:
1473:
1825:
2243:
2056:
1682:
1406:
1940:
1667:
1891:
1697:
1541:
2172:
2136:
1620:
1489:
1635:
2088:
1986:
1876:
2124:
1761:
1593:
992:
1461:
2187:
2036:
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2017:
1952:
2108:
1844:
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1713:
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33:
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5884:
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1191:
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1175:
642:
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3220:
1115:āIt is the beginningless round of rebirths that is called the āWheel of the round of rebirthsā (saį¹sÄracakka). Ignorance (avijjÄ) is its hub (or nave) because it is its root. Ageing-and-death (jarÄ-maraį¹a) is its rim (or felly) because it terminates it. The remaining ten links are its spokes .ā
1139:
implications of the whole pillar as a symbol of the universal extension of the power of the Buddhaās Law as typified by the sun that dominates all space and all time, and simultaneously an emblem of the universal extension of
Mauryan imperialism through the Dharma. The whole structure is then a
2242:
2544:
The importance of the conception of Dharma in early brÄhmanic thought is so considerable that it has seemed either that it replaced į¹ta as the leading philosophical and religious conception or that the earlier concept was at some time absorbed into it. It is probably more true that Dharma was
1808:
1796:
1421:
1524:
2545:
conceived as an aspect of į¹ta which became so useful for framing religious, moral and social regulations, that interest in it and discussion of its applications to social and moral order eclipsed all discussions of metaphysical and theological ideas.
949:. This "turning of the wheel" signifies a great and revolutionary change with universal consequences, brought about by an exceptional human being. Buddhism adopted the wheel as a symbol from the Indian mythical idea of the ideal king, called a
1740:
2055:
1905:
1042:. In different Buddhist traditions, the different number of spokes may represent different aspects of the Buddha's Dharma (teaching). In the Indo-Tibetan Buddhist tradition for example, the 8 spoked wheel represents the
1405:
984:). This wisdom has two aspects, paį¹ivedha-ƱÄį¹a, the wisdom of self-realisation of the Truth and desanÄ-ƱÄį¹a, the wisdom of proclamation of the Truth. The dharmachakra symbol also points to the central Indian idea of "
2233:
2289:) as already mentioned, was adopted by Buddha's disciples as the symbol of his doctrine, and combined with other symbolsāa trident placed above it, etc.āstands for him on the sculptures of the Asoka period."
1573:
2135:
1500:
969:
was said to have been a "mahapurisa" (great man) who could have chosen to become a wheel turning king, but instead became the spiritual counterpart to such a king, a wheel turning sage, that is, a
840:, a form of Surya, is described as "the eye of the world", and thus the sun is conceived of as an eye (cakį¹£u) which illuminates and perceives the world. Such a wheel is also the main attribute of
1604:
1215:
Wheel symbolism was also used in Indian temples in places that underwent a religious transformation from
Buddhism, such as Jagannath temple, whose deity is believed by some scholars to have a
1140:
translation of age-old Indian and
Asiatic cosmology into artistic terms of essentially foreign origin and dedicated, like all Asokaās monuments, to the glory of Buddhism and the royal house.ā
2570:
1985:
1784:
2473:
2251:. It contains blue and red colour to represent the heaven and earth respectively, and uses a 16 spoke Dharmachakra to symbolise their tradition and to pay homage to their Indian origin.
1760:
715:. It has a widespread use in Buddhism. In Hinduism, the symbol is particularly used in places that underwent religious transformation. The symbol also finds its usage in modern India.
1558:
3193:
Buddhism for the West: TheravÄda, MahÄyÄna and VajrayÄna; a comprehensive review of
Buddhist history, philosophy, and teachings from the time of the Buddha to the present day
1966:
2035:
1772:
1540:
2159:
1634:
988:", a complex and multivalent term which refers to the eternal cosmic law, universal moral order and in Buddhism, the very teaching and path expounded by the Buddha.
2087:
1824:
1472:
1939:
1728:
1135:āThe SÄrnÄth column may be interpreted, therefore, not only as a glorification of the Buddhaās preaching symbolised by the crowning wheel, but also through the
1512:
2067:
809:
Similar chakra (spoked-wheel) symbols are one of the most ancient in all Indian history. Madhavan and
Parpola note that a wheel symbol appears frequently in
2107:
872:
1441:
4034:
1666:
4949:
3424:
1681:
1460:
2849:
2171:
2186:
2578:
1650:
1061:
In
Buddhism, the cyclical movement of a wheel is also used to symbolize the cyclical nature of life in the world (also referred to as the "wheel of
2403:
1696:
2904:"Rajya Sabha Parliamentary Standing Committee On Home Affairs: 116th Report on The State Emblem Of India (Prohibition Of Improper Use) Bill, 2004"
2016:
1619:
4953:
5177:
2481:
2123:
123:
965:
describes this wheel as having a nave (nÄbhi), a thousand spokes (sahassÄrÄni) and a felly (nemi), all of which are perfect in every respect.
928:(auspicious signs) in Hinduism and Buddhism and often used as a symbol of both faiths. It is one of the oldest known Indian symbols found in
1488:
789:
3394:
2061:
Emblem of the
Supreme Court of India, which shows the dharmachakra on top of the Lion Capital. It was found broken during the excavations.
2206:
1931:
3502:
3237:
1073:). This wheel of suffering can be reversed or "turned" through the practice of the Buddhist path. The Buddhist terms for "suffering" (
3259:
3159:
1672:
2903:
1162:
852:
5769:
5221:
1890:
1712:
5424:
3404:
1875:
3072:
2938:
943:
The Buddha is said to have set the "wheel of dharma" in motion when he delivered his first sermon, which is described in the
3587:
3429:
2509:(1899): "to hold, bear (also: bring forth), carry, maintain, preserve, keep, possess, have, use, employ, practise, undergo"
1951:
5925:
5764:
3037:
Hinduism. In: Joseph
Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture". Digital printing 2007
5661:
5211:
3306:
2977:
2428:
2379:
672:
118:
75:
1144:
According to
Harrison, the symbolism of "the wheel of the law" and the order of Nature is also visible in the Tibetan
3507:
3202:
3172:
3140:
3120:
3045:
2995:
2530:
5754:
2445:
2361:
980:
explains that this "wheel" which the Buddha turned is primarily to be understood as wisdom, knowledge, and insight (
5439:
5184:
1550:
5831:
5821:
3650:
3056:
Ritual, Authority, And Cycle Time in Hindu
Kingship. In: JF Richards, ed., "Kingship and Authority in South Asia"
3081:
Nath, Vijay (MarchāApril 2001), "From 'Brahmanism' to 'Hinduism': Negotiating the Myth of the Great Tradition",
5776:
5429:
5231:
5122:
5067:
3640:
2860:
2114:
814:
5746:
5444:
5127:
3419:
3252:
1015:, the dharmachakra was often used as a symbol of Gautama Buddha himself. The symbol is often paired with the
601:
296:
3163:
Hidden Treasures and Intercultural Encounters: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia
1035:
and royal power, gems and garlands. It is also sometimes depicted alongside animals such as lions, or deer.
5329:
5201:
5172:
4874:
3224:
1924:
1592:
546:
321:
281:
953:("wheel-turner", or "universal monarch"), who was said to possess several mythical objects, including the
5020:
4929:
4399:
4044:
3557:
3452:
2961:
The Horse The Wheel and Language. How Bronze-Age Riders From The Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World
945:
17:
4564:
2227:
5869:
5349:
4825:
4311:
3434:
3267:
2197:
727:
4759:
1861:
5930:
5920:
5759:
5572:
5562:
5434:
4417:
3997:
3758:
3733:
2269:
These symbols, however, are elongated and not circular. Spoked wheel vehicle are virtually absent in
2248:
1897:
1337:
933:
897:
810:
770:
421:
3783:
3161:
The confluence of East and West in Nestorian Arts in China. In: Dietmar W. Winkler, Li Tang (eds.),
1766:
Part of a Buddha-statue, showing the first five disciples of the Buddha at Sarnath and dharmachakra.
231:
5864:
5216:
5030:
5008:
5001:
4904:
4437:
4057:
3873:
3818:
3439:
3245:
2146:
1281:
426:
376:
2737:
A Lamp Illuminating the Path to Liberation: An Explanation of Essential Topics for Dharma Students
1843:
5801:
5781:
5112:
5092:
4849:
4579:
3823:
2178:
1958:
1719:
1703:
1688:
586:
5811:
5651:
5319:
5289:
5062:
5013:
4854:
4802:
4797:
4559:
4380:
4277:
4029:
4024:
3773:
1247:
1183:
1104:
1051:
996:
913:
901:
665:
401:
386:
366:
291:
286:
201:
108:
4141:
2418:
758:'to hold, maintain, keep', and means 'what is established or firm'. The word derives from the
5816:
5786:
5367:
5299:
5132:
5047:
5042:
4966:
4961:
4879:
3409:
3130:
2270:
1751:
1243:
1179:
606:
596:
551:
4432:
2362:"CHAPTER VIII. THE POST SARALA PERIOD - A PERIOD OF EXPERIMENTS: I.The Buddhist Influence -
2217:
5839:
5806:
5791:
5309:
5206:
5152:
5037:
4976:
4944:
4939:
4924:
4909:
4899:
4864:
4777:
4469:
4392:
3695:
3635:
3384:
3351:
3301:
2525:. Editions SR (volume 2). Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 42.
2396:
2142:
1849:
1452:
1043:
909:
616:
576:
571:
536:
381:
261:
169:
154:
98:
70:
5679:
4294:
4163:
4089:
3965:
3703:
3232:
8:
5646:
5525:
5359:
5334:
5324:
5284:
5261:
5144:
5117:
5077:
4996:
4986:
4914:
4841:
4272:
4129:
3910:
3888:
3840:
3660:
3460:
3316:
3296:
2910:
2771:
Art of Osian Temples: Socio-economic and Religious Life in India, 8thā12th Centuries A.D.
2739:
by Khenpo Gyaltsen (translated by Lhasey Lotsawa Translations, Nepal: 2014, pp. 247ā248).
2023:
1915:(a garuda upholding the dhammacakka in front of the mountain and river), Wat Sri Suphan,
999:, from Sarnath. It originally supported a large dharmachakra on the top (reconstitution).
991:
818:
802:
626:
581:
519:
459:
396:
341:
336:
91:
80:
3620:
3547:
1219:. It also finds use in other ancient temples of Odisha, the most famous of which is the
5709:
5614:
5456:
5419:
5414:
5344:
5294:
5241:
5236:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5087:
5072:
5057:
5052:
4991:
4971:
4934:
4859:
4664:
4365:
4289:
4167:
4109:
3950:
3850:
3778:
3753:
3399:
3329:
3098:
2335:
1992:
1356:
1097:
1093:
836:
is associated with the solar disc, which is said to be a chariot of one wheel (cakra).
611:
591:
531:
526:
414:
316:
309:
236:
226:
133:
5508:
1216:
5887:
5849:
5545:
5530:
5493:
5478:
5251:
5167:
5082:
4919:
4884:
4869:
4596:
4586:
4267:
4114:
4099:
3970:
3893:
3813:
3748:
3680:
3567:
3324:
3198:
3191:
3168:
3136:
3116:
3068:
3041:
2991:
2973:
2934:
2725:
Hidden Religion: The Greatest Mysteries and Symbols of the World's Religious Beliefs,
2650:, The Wheel Publication No. 137/138, Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy ā¢ Sri Lanka.
2620:
Hidden Religion: The Greatest Mysteries and Symbols of the World's Religious Beliefs,
2526:
2455:
2424:
2375:
2000:
1912:
1867:
1312:
1270:
1220:
1167:
1120:
1028:
1024:
962:
905:
658:
556:
541:
346:
221:
164:
128:
113:
44:
4831:
3625:
3525:
976:
In his explanation of the term "turning the wheel of Dharma", the Theravada exegete
5535:
5488:
5483:
5339:
5304:
5279:
5274:
5025:
4981:
4894:
4569:
4225:
4218:
4002:
3992:
3878:
3542:
3414:
3090:
2571:"What the absence of chariots in ancient Harappa means for Modi's Clean India plan"
2027:
1565:
1546:
1260:
1235:
1200:
865:
712:
621:
566:
496:
486:
351:
4614:
1081:) may also originally be related to the proper or improper fitting of wheels on a
5899:
5844:
5796:
5724:
5594:
5392:
5372:
5314:
5226:
4889:
4787:
4634:
4370:
4353:
4338:
4316:
3868:
3738:
3572:
3552:
3110:
3035:
3031:
2928:
2520:
2502:
2449:
2369:
2042:
1747:
1344:
1343:
In non-Buddhist cultural contexts, an eight-spoked wheel resembles a traditional
1250:(Sanchi), which includes the dharmachakra. An integral part of the emblem is the
1103:
The spokes of a wheel are also often used as symbols of the Buddhist doctrine of
1047:
646:
561:
361:
271:
216:
4644:
3798:
3788:
1330:
1038:
There are different designs of the Buddhist dharmachakra with 8, 12, 24 or more
211:
5854:
5557:
5407:
5189:
4769:
4749:
4669:
4358:
4348:
4282:
4119:
3605:
3468:
2094:
2008:
1348:
966:
893:
889:
759:
506:
436:
391:
249:
2459:
1209:
1062:
1046:, and the hub, rim and spokes are also said to represent the three trainings (
5914:
5624:
5473:
4782:
4684:
4542:
4343:
4321:
4257:
3928:
3723:
3718:
3610:
3279:
2273:. Therefore interpreting these symbols as spoked wheel is a matter of debate.
2078:
2074:
2046:
1657:
1412:
1323:
1285:
1231:
1227:
1124:
861:
857:
694:
331:
326:
266:
4082:
4072:
3444:
1298:", "Virtue" as well as "motion", as in the "dynamism of a peaceful change".
1196:
471:
276:
5714:
5699:
5669:
5609:
5451:
5246:
4739:
4574:
4452:
4240:
4235:
4062:
3933:
3808:
3269:
1815:
1479:
1145:
1004:
950:
925:
877:
844:. Thus, a wheel symbol might also be associated with light and knowledge.
825:
794:
371:
256:
60:
4497:
4482:
4442:
4139:
3803:
3379:
2930:
A Glossary of Important Symbols in Their Hebrew: Pagan and Christian Forms
2890:
1313:
730:
to the present. It remains a major symbol of the Buddhist religion today.
5684:
5513:
4654:
4639:
4422:
4230:
4158:
3938:
3768:
3670:
3517:
3389:
3151:
The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century
2150:
1641:
1108:
1032:
977:
441:
5674:
4134:
884:
In Buddhism, the Dharma Chakra is widely used to represent the Buddha's
5629:
5587:
5463:
5269:
5194:
4808:
4792:
4754:
4734:
4629:
4604:
4512:
4447:
4427:
4173:
4104:
3975:
3858:
3828:
3763:
3713:
3371:
3361:
3334:
3102:
2661:
2659:
2657:
1916:
1611:
1531:
1363:
1255:
1089:
1088:. The Indo-Tibetan tradition has developed elaborate depictions called
970:
929:
719:
446:
206:
103:
4649:
3645:
2474:"Dharma And Ethics The Indian Ideal Of Human Perfection 1st Published"
5604:
5577:
4744:
4619:
4331:
4247:
4124:
4014:
3987:
3980:
3943:
3900:
3863:
3630:
3595:
3562:
3537:
3492:
1996:
1190:
1136:
798:
723:
491:
466:
5377:
4213:
4067:
3833:
3615:
3484:
3476:
3094:
2654:
1466:
Eastern gateway of Bharhut stupa topped with a dharmachakra pinnacle
5894:
5734:
5689:
5634:
5599:
5503:
5162:
4729:
4724:
4674:
4609:
4527:
4492:
4487:
4148:
4019:
4007:
3918:
3577:
3274:
2559:
The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives By Jane McIntosh. p. 377
2193:
1882:
1579:
1020:
1016:
739:
690:
501:
481:
476:
356:
52:
32:
4719:
4709:
4694:
4517:
4387:
3655:
1411:
Reconstitution of approximate layout of Sanchi at the time of the
1377:" and found in the eight-spoked form. It is represented as U+2638
1174:
5639:
5582:
5567:
4714:
4704:
4679:
4554:
4549:
4507:
4477:
4409:
4375:
4262:
4203:
4198:
4052:
3955:
3793:
3743:
3530:
3356:
2748:
Sargeant, Winthrop (2009), The Bhagavad Gita, SUNY Press, p. 303.
1802:
Dharma wheel, China, Qing dynasty, Qianlong period, 1736ā1795 CE.
1583:
1448:
1432:
1428:
1370:
1150:
1082:
1055:
1008:
778:
718:
Historically, the dharmachakra was often used as a decoration in
181:
4326:
4094:
1123:, such as the lion pillar at Sanchi, built at the behest of the
5719:
5704:
5540:
5402:
5382:
5157:
4819:
4699:
4689:
4624:
4252:
4208:
4193:
4183:
4153:
4077:
3960:
3728:
3600:
3344:
3339:
3219:
2098:
1625:
1374:
1308:
1289:
1239:
1128:
1074:
1012:
985:
937:
885:
841:
744:
708:
641:
196:
191:
186:
149:
1945:
Dhammacakka on Main Gable, Wat Phra Putthabat Tak Pha, Lamphun
5859:
5694:
5552:
5518:
5498:
5468:
5397:
4814:
4659:
4537:
4532:
4502:
4457:
4304:
4299:
4178:
3883:
3708:
3675:
3665:
2519:
Day, Terence (1 January 2006) . "The Concept of Obligation".
2004:
1382:
1351:, which may be misidentified as a dharmachakra or vice versa.
1294:
1275:
1251:
1157:
1119:
The earliest Indian monument featuring dharmachakras are the
1078:
1039:
981:
837:
833:
829:
431:
3013:
GrĆ¼nwedel, Albert; Gibson, Agnes C.; Burgess, James (1901),
1373:
computer standard, the dharmachakra is called the "Wheel of
1148:. The moving wheels symbolize the movement of cosmic order (
5729:
4522:
4188:
3685:
2213:
1972:
Lok Sabha chamber of the New Parliament building, New Delhi
1790:
Mandala Base, China, Ming dynasty, Cleveland Museum of Art.
1085:
917:
817:. Notably, it is present in a sequence of ten signs on the
824:
Some historians associate the ancient chakra symbols with
5387:
3923:
1853:
1322:
Similar wheel symbols were used as a solar symbol by the
3132:
Engaged Buddhism: Buddhist liberation movements in Asia.
2129:
The dhammacakka flag, the symbol of Buddhism in Thailand
1977:
1610:
A sculpture depicting the Dharmachakra in the museum of
1397:
1366:
uses the concept of a similar wheel as a central concept
1333:, a hand sign depicting the turning of the Dharma wheel.
3024:
Themis: A Study of the Social Origins of Greek Religion
2988:
The Conception of Punishment in Early Indian Literature
2751:
2522:
The Conception of Punishment in Early Indian Literature
3012:
2676:
2674:
2665:
2165:
Colours of the National Scout Organization of Thailand
1506:
Adoration of the pillar of Ashoka, Sanchi Stupa no. 3.
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2417:
Misra, Bijoy M. (2007). Bryant, Edwin Francis (ed.).
2397:"History of Odisha (From earliest times to 1434 A.D)"
1830:
Dharmachakra Pravartana at National Museum, New Delhi
1360:
is a similar symbol used by occultists and neo-nazis.
1284:, the first Vice President of India, stated that the
2886:
Kamal Dey v. Union of India and State of West Bengal
2825:
2691:
2689:
2298:
Goetz: "dharmachakra, symbol of the Buddhist faith".
936:
Indian iconography in the time of the Buddhist king
3006:
The art of India: five thousand years of Indian art
2671:
3190:
2593:
1194:Jain illustration with dharmachakra and the motto
847:
3188:
2813:
2789:
2686:
1301:
5912:
2801:
2404:Shri Krushna Chandra Gajapati Autonomous College
1656:Three Jewels, or Triratna. Eastern Afghanistan.
1644:, 50 BCE ā c. 30 CE, at the latest before 50 CE.
1336:A very similar wheel symbol also appears in the
904:. The symbol is also sometimes connected to the
3129:Queen, Christopher S.; King, Sallie B. (1996),
2889: (Calcutta High Court 2011-07-14),
2323:The Circle of Bliss: Buddhist Meditational Art,
2049:on the base panel representing the Dharmachakra
1447:Illustrated reconstruction of the pinnacles at
1347:. As a nautical emblem, this image is a common
2496:
1734:Mon dharmachakra, VII or IX century, Sandstone
1415:, showing the pillar topped by a dharmachakra.
749:
3253:
2990:, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press,
2555:
2553:
2454:. Bhubaneshwar: Utkal University. p. x.
1814:Box with Ink Cakes: Yellow Ink Stick, China,
1288:of India represents the "wheel of the law of
666:
4035:Basic points unifying TheravÄda and MahÄyÄna
2281:
2279:
2081:at its center representing the Dharmachakra.
1329:Some Buddha statues also depict the related
1182:features the 24 spoke Dharmachakra from the
892:'s teaching and the universal moral order),
3030:
3260:
3246:
2784:Early Indian Symbols: Numismatic Evidence,
2550:
2446:"Sailodbhavas, Bhaumakaras and SomavamÅÄ«s"
1586:, 2nd century, Metropolitan Museum of Art.
1158:Buddha Dhamma and its modern Indian usages
932:, appearing with the first surviving post-
769:with the meaning "bearer, supporter". The
673:
659:
3128:
3112:Indian Sculpture: Circa 500 B.C.āA.D. 700
2360:Mansinha, Mayadhar (10 September 2021) .
2276:
1778:Japanese dharmachakra, late 13th century.
1494:Dharmacakra on Pillar, Sanchi Stupa no. 3
1427:Sandstone depiction, c. 2nd Century BCE,
3021:
2970:The Handbook of Tibetan Buddhist Symbols
2831:
2757:
2423:. Oxford University Press. p. 141.
2359:
2117:with Tibetan Buddhist style Dharmachakra
1835:
1189:
1173:
1161:
990:
871:
851:
788:
726:, beginning with the earliest period of
31:
5222:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
3067:, London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers,
3062:
2958:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2773:Abhinav Publications, 1982, chapter 16.
2568:
2026:, featuring a blue dharmachakra as the
1582:Stele illustrating the first sermon at
896:himself and the walking of the path to
14:
5913:
5425:List of Buddhist architecture in China
3148:
2101:featured a version of the Dharmachakra
3241:
3065:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture
3053:
3003:
2819:
2795:
2723:Issitt, Micah. Main, Carlyn. (2014).
2706:
2704:
2680:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2618:Issitt, Micah. Main, Carlyn. (2014).
2416:
2395:Nayak, Dr. Ganeswar (11 March 2014).
2394:
1978:National flags and official symbolism
1398:Historical and archeological examples
1204:(non-violence is the highest dharma).
1107:. According to the Theravada scholar
856:Dharmachakra in front of a statue of
3233:Buddhist Wheel Symbol (Dharmachakra)
3080:
3058:, New Delhi: Oxford University Press
2967:
2926:
2837:
2807:
2666:GrĆ¼nwedel, Gibson & Burgess 1901
2606:
2443:
2317:
2315:
1628:coin with wheel and Buddhist symbols
1530:Limestone Pilaster, 2nd century CE,
1208:The dharmachakra is a symbol in the
784:
3157:
3108:
2985:
2695:
2518:
1478:Buddha represented by Dharmacakra,
1340:, hinting to their nomadic history.
813:artifacts, particularly on several
24:
5212:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
3182:
3115:, University of California Press,
2701:
2625:
2569:Shahane, Girish (8 October 2014).
2321:John C. Huntington, Dina Bangdel,
1689:National Museum, Bangkok, Thailand
1311:is a wheel like weapon called the
124:Decline in the Indian subcontinent
119:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
25:
5942:
3212:
2312:
1166:Wheel of the chariot of the sun,
1131:. According to Benjamin Rowland:
5893:
5883:
5882:
5440:Thai temple art and architecture
5185:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
3425:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
3291:
3278:
3268:
3218:
2786:Agam Kala Prakashan, 1990 p. 51.
2374:. Creative Media Partners, LLC.
2241:
2226:
2205:
2185:
2170:
2158:
2153:with a twelve-spoked dhammacakka
2134:
2122:
2106:
2086:
2066:
2054:
2034:
2015:
1984:
1965:
1950:
1938:
1923:
1904:
1889:
1874:
1860:
1842:
1823:
1807:
1795:
1783:
1771:
1759:
1739:
1727:
1711:
1695:
1680:
1665:
1649:
1633:
1618:
1603:
1591:
1572:
1557:
1551:Archaeological Museum, Amaravati
1539:
1523:
1511:
1499:
1487:
1471:
1459:
1440:
1420:
1404:
1092:which depict the many realms of
754:) is a derivation from the root
640:
59:
3292:
2972:, Serindia Publications, Inc.,
2920:
2896:
2878:
2776:
2763:
2742:
2730:
2717:
2612:
2562:
2292:
2263:
916:The pre-Buddhist dharmachakra (
848:Buddhist usage and significance
5430:Japanese Buddhist architecture
5232:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
4312:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
3503:Places where the Buddha stayed
3022:Harrison, Jane Ellen (2010) ,
2512:
2466:
2437:
2410:
2388:
2353:
2328:
2115:Central Tibetan Administration
1518:Illustration from Sanchi Stupa
1302:Other uses and similar symbols
13:
1:
5445:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
2305:
1995:includes the dharmachakra, a
1673:Dharmachakra Pravartana Mudra
1274:, the concluding part of the
876:Worshipers and Dharmachakra,
5202:Buddhism and the Roman world
5178:Decline of Buddhism in India
5173:History of Buddhism in India
3273: Topics in
3153:, Cambridge University Press
3026:, Cambridge University Press
2963:, Princeton University Press
2712:The Footprint of the Buddha,
2145:in Thailand consisting of a
1268:). This is a quote from the
733:
322:Buddhist Paths to liberation
7:
4400:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
4140:
2371:History of Oriya Literature
2285:GrĆ¼nwedel e.a.:"The wheel (
1314:
1212:religion of Budhha Dhamma.
946:Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta
924:) is considered one of the
27:Symbol in Dharmic religions
10:
5947:
5926:Tibetan Buddhist practices
5350:The unanswerable questions
3189:Dorothy C. Donath (1971).
3109:Pal, Pratapaditya (1986),
2959:Anthony, David W. (2007),
2951:
2927:Hall, Adelaide S. (2005).
2646:T. B. Karunaratne (1969),
2444:Sahu, Nabin Kumar (1958).
2198:United States Armed Forces
2192:The insignia for Buddhist
1392:
1069:or the "wheel of becoming"
1023:(trident) symbolizing the
880:, South Face, West Pillar.
797:from the northern gate of
5878:
5830:
5745:
5660:
5435:Buddhist temples in Korea
5358:
5260:
5143:
4840:
4768:
4595:
4468:
4408:
4043:
3998:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
3909:
3901:Three planes of existence
3849:
3694:
3586:
3516:
3508:Buddha in world religions
3370:
3315:
3287:
3149:Samuel, Geoffrey (2010),
2648:The Buddhist Wheel Symbol
2249:Flag of the Romani People
1881:Wat Phothivihan, Tumpat,
1534:, Indian Museum, Kolkata.
1338:flag of the Romani people
1265:
1230:is present in the modern
934:Indus Valley Civilisation
811:Indus Valley civilization
771:historical Vedic religion
750:
698:
5217:Persecution of Buddhists
4438:Four stages of awakening
3819:Three marks of existence
3405:Physical characteristics
2986:Day, Terence P. (1982),
2850:"The national flag code"
2256:
2177:Flag used by the Indian
2099:former Kingdom of Sikkim
1704:National Museum, Bangkok
1292:", as well as "Truth or
1282:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
773:apparently conceived of
4580:Ten principal disciples
3463:(aunt, adoptive mother)
3004:Goetz, Hermann (1964),
2782:Sharma, Savita (1990).
2710:Ludowyk, E.F.C. (2013)
2221:represents dharmachakra
2179:Dalit Buddhist Movement
1959:Global Vipassana Pagoda
1720:Si Thep Historical Park
1675:, Gupta period, 5th CE.
1007:at early sites such as
957:(the ideal wheel). The
342:Philosophical reasoning
5290:Buddhism and democracy
4803:Tibetan Buddhist canon
4798:Chinese Buddhist canon
4030:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
4025:Early Buddhist schools
3167:, LIT Verlag MĆ¼nster,
3158:Yan, Xiaojing (2009),
3063:Mallory, J.P. (1997),
3054:Inden, Ronald (1998),
2933:. Cosimo. p. 56.
2364:The Metaphysical Poets
1307:The main attribute of
1248:Lion Capital of Ashoka
1246:is a depiction of the
1205:
1187:
1184:Lion Capital of Ashoka
1171:
1142:
1117:
1000:
997:Lion Capital of Ashoka
914:Dependent Origination.
881:
869:
806:
109:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
37:
36:Wheel of Dharma symbol
5300:Eight Consciousnesses
3410:Life of Buddha in art
3015:Buddhist art in India
2968:Beer, Robert (2003),
2507:A Sanskrit Dictionary
2420:Krishna: A Sourcebook
2271:Harappan civilisation
1836:Contemporary examples
1752:Tokyo National Museum
1750:, 1200s CE, bronze ā
1746:Dharma wheel, Japan,
1564:1st century Gandhara
1244:State Emblem of India
1193:
1180:State Emblem of India
1177:
1165:
1133:
1113:
1105:dependent origination
994:
875:
855:
792:
377:Aids to Enlightenment
202:Dependent Origination
35:
5777:East Asian religions
5207:Buddhism in the West
4778:Early Buddhist texts
4393:Four Right Exertions
3859:Ten spiritual realms
3352:Noble Eightfold Path
3227:at Wikimedia Commons
2143:Thammasat University
1549:with dharmachakras,
1453:Alexander Cunningham
1266:Truth Alone Triumphs
1044:noble eightfold path
959:MahÄ Sudassana Sutta
910:Noble Eightfold Path
900:, since the time of
347:Devotional practices
170:Noble Eightfold Path
5900:Religion portal
5647:Temple of the Tooth
5526:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
4565:UpÄsaka and UpÄsikÄ
4058:BodhipakkhiyÄdhammÄ
3841:Two truths doctrine
3661:Mahapajapati Gotamī
3461:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2866:on 15 December 2017
2340:Ancient-symbols.com
2024:Emblem of Sri Lanka
1598:Stele from Gandhara
1234:, representing the
1228:Ashoka dharmachakra
819:Dholavira Signboard
803:Dholavira Signboard
647:Buddhism portal
520:Buddhism by country
282:Sanskrit literature
5822:Western philosophy
5420:Dzong architecture
5242:Vipassana movement
5237:Buddhist modernism
4665:Emperor Wen of Sui
4433:PratyekabuddhayÄna
4366:Threefold Training
4168:Vipassana movement
3884:Hungry Ghost realm
3704:AvidyÄ (Ignorance)
3651:Puį¹į¹a MantÄnÄ«putta
3400:Great Renunciation
3395:Eight Great Events
3277:
3017:, Bernard Quaritch
2581:on 10 October 2014
2484:on 29 October 2021
2451:Buddhism in Orissa
2402:. Paralakhemundi:
2336:"Buddhist Symbols"
2236:headstone emblem 2
1993:Emblem of Mongolia
1431:, Indian Museum ā
1331:Dharmachakra MudrÄ
1206:
1188:
1172:
1098:Buddhist cosmology
1019:(triple jewel) or
1001:
967:Siddhartha Gautama
882:
870:
807:
728:East Asian culture
134:Buddhist modernism
38:
5908:
5907:
5546:Om mani padme hum
5252:Women in Buddhism
5168:Buddhist councils
5038:Western countries
4826:MadhyamakÄlaį¹kÄra
4587:Shaolin Monastery
4164:Samatha-vipassanÄ
3774:PratÄ«tyasamutpÄda
3578:Metteyya/Maitreya
3496:
3488:
3480:
3472:
3464:
3456:
3448:
3325:Four Noble Truths
3223:Media related to
3074:978-1-884964-98-5
2940:978-1-59605-593-3
2857:Mahapolice.gov.in
2727:ABC-CLIO, p. 186.
2714:Routledge, p. 22.
2622:ABC-CLIO, p. 185.
1913:Chai Nat Province
1868:Jokhang Monastery
1547:Buddha footprints
1324:Ancient Egyptians
1271:Mundaka Upanishad
1221:Konark Sun Temple
1168:Konark Sun Temple
1077:) and happiness (
906:Four Noble Truths
785:History and usage
683:
682:
165:Four Noble Truths
16:(Redirected from
5938:
5931:Culture of India
5921:Buddhist symbols
5898:
5897:
5886:
5885:
5725:Sacred languages
5573:Maya Devi Temple
5536:Mahabodhi Temple
5340:Secular Buddhism
5305:Engaged Buddhism
4145:
3993:Tibetan Buddhism
3944:Vietnamese Thiį»n
3543:MahÄsthÄmaprÄpta
3494:
3486:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3454:
3446:
3295:
3294:
3282:
3272:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3239:
3238:
3222:
3208:
3197:. Julian Press.
3196:
3177:
3154:
3145:
3125:
3105:
3083:Social Scientist
3077:
3059:
3050:
3032:Hiltebeitel, Alf
3027:
3018:
3009:
3000:
2982:
2964:
2945:
2944:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2916:on 8 March 2013.
2915:
2909:. Archived from
2908:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2865:
2859:. Archived from
2854:
2846:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2780:
2774:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2721:
2715:
2708:
2699:
2693:
2684:
2678:
2669:
2663:
2652:
2644:
2623:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2577:. Archived from
2566:
2560:
2557:
2548:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2516:
2510:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2480:. Archived from
2470:
2464:
2463:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2401:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2332:
2326:
2319:
2299:
2296:
2290:
2283:
2274:
2267:
2245:
2230:
2218:Symbol of Ahimsa
2209:
2189:
2174:
2162:
2138:
2126:
2110:
2090:
2070:
2058:
2045:, featuring the
2038:
2019:
1988:
1969:
1957:Entrance to the
1954:
1942:
1930:Dharmachakra at
1927:
1908:
1893:
1878:
1864:
1846:
1827:
1811:
1799:
1787:
1775:
1763:
1743:
1731:
1718:Khao Klang Nai,
1715:
1699:
1684:
1669:
1653:
1637:
1622:
1607:
1595:
1576:
1566:Buddha footprint
1561:
1543:
1527:
1515:
1503:
1491:
1475:
1463:
1444:
1424:
1408:
1317:
1267:
1261:Satyameva Jayate
866:Himachal Pradesh
795:Indus characters
777:as an aspect of
753:
752:
713:Indian religions
702:
675:
668:
661:
645:
644:
372:Sublime abidings
63:
40:
39:
21:
5946:
5945:
5941:
5940:
5939:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5911:
5910:
5909:
5904:
5892:
5874:
5826:
5741:
5656:
5393:Ordination hall
5354:
5256:
5227:Buddhist crisis
5139:
4836:
4788:Mahayana sutras
4764:
4760:ThĆch Nhįŗ„t Hįŗ”nh
4591:
4464:
4404:
4354:Bodhisattva vow
4039:
3905:
3845:
3804:Taį¹hÄ (Craving)
3739:Five hindrances
3690:
3582:
3512:
3366:
3311:
3283:
3266:
3215:
3205:
3185:
3183:Further reading
3180:
3175:
3143:
3123:
3095:10.2307/3518337
3075:
3048:
2998:
2980:
2954:
2949:
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2594:
2584:
2582:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2551:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2517:
2513:
2503:Monier Williams
2501:
2497:
2487:
2485:
2472:
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2467:
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2411:
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2190:
2181:
2175:
2166:
2163:
2154:
2139:
2130:
2127:
2118:
2111:
2102:
2091:
2082:
2071:
2062:
2059:
2050:
2043:Emblem of India
2039:
2030:
2020:
2011:
1989:
1980:
1973:
1970:
1961:
1955:
1946:
1943:
1934:
1928:
1919:
1909:
1900:
1894:
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1879:
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1856:
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1831:
1828:
1819:
1812:
1803:
1800:
1791:
1788:
1779:
1776:
1767:
1764:
1755:
1748:Kamakura period
1744:
1735:
1732:
1723:
1716:
1707:
1700:
1691:
1685:
1676:
1670:
1661:
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1455:
1445:
1436:
1425:
1416:
1409:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1380:
1304:
1217:Buddhist origin
1160:
1121:Ashokan Pillars
850:
826:solar symbolism
787:
736:
705:wheel of dharma
679:
639:
632:
631:
522:
512:
511:
462:
452:
451:
417:
407:
406:
312:
302:
301:
272:Mahayana Sutras
252:
242:
241:
182:Five Aggregates
160:
159:
139:
138:
129:Later Buddhists
94:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5944:
5934:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5906:
5905:
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5902:
5890:
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5804:
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5779:
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5702:
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5590:
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5555:
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5528:
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5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5457:Greco-Buddhist
5449:
5448:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5408:Burmese pagoda
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5364:
5362:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5266:
5264:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5190:Greco-Buddhism
5187:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5149:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5123:United Kingdom
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5068:Czech Republic
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5006:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4947:
4942:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4846:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4832:Abhidharmadīpa
4829:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4774:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4750:B. R. Ambedkar
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4670:Songtsen Gampo
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4601:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4349:Eight precepts
4346:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4228:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4137:
4127:
4122:
4120:Five Strengths
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4060:
4055:
4049:
4047:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3915:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3759:Mental factors
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3611:MahamoggallÄna
3608:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3526:AvalokiteÅvara
3522:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3490:
3482:
3474:
3466:
3458:
3450:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3265:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3214:
3213:External links
3211:
3210:
3209:
3203:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3155:
3146:
3141:
3135:, SUNY Press,
3126:
3121:
3106:
3089:(3/4): 19ā50,
3078:
3073:
3060:
3051:
3046:
3028:
3019:
3010:
3001:
2996:
2983:
2979:978-1932476033
2978:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2939:
2919:
2895:
2877:
2836:
2824:
2812:
2800:
2788:
2775:
2762:
2760:, p. 526.
2750:
2741:
2729:
2716:
2700:
2685:
2670:
2653:
2624:
2611:
2592:
2561:
2549:
2531:
2511:
2495:
2478:priscilla.work
2465:
2436:
2430:978-0195148923
2429:
2409:
2406:. p. 107.
2387:
2381:978-1015025486
2380:
2352:
2327:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2291:
2275:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2240:
2238:
2232:
2225:
2223:
2211:
2204:
2202:
2191:
2184:
2182:
2176:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2157:
2155:
2140:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2121:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2103:
2092:
2085:
2083:
2072:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2053:
2051:
2040:
2033:
2031:
2021:
2014:
2012:
2009:Soyombo symbol
1990:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1956:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1929:
1922:
1920:
1910:
1903:
1901:
1895:
1888:
1886:
1880:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1859:
1857:
1848:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1822:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1758:
1756:
1745:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1726:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1692:
1686:
1679:
1677:
1671:
1664:
1662:
1660:. 2ā3 century.
1655:
1648:
1646:
1640:Coin found in
1639:
1632:
1630:
1624:
1617:
1615:
1609:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1590:
1588:
1578:
1571:
1569:
1563:
1556:
1554:
1545:
1538:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1486:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1458:
1456:
1446:
1439:
1437:
1426:
1419:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1378:
1367:
1361:
1352:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1315:SudarÅanacakra
1303:
1300:
1159:
1156:
1067:samsara-chakra
1031:), symbols of
902:Early Buddhism
894:Gautama Buddha
849:
846:
786:
783:
760:Vedic Sanskrit
735:
732:
681:
680:
678:
677:
670:
663:
655:
652:
651:
650:
649:
634:
633:
630:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
523:
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
463:
458:
457:
454:
453:
450:
449:
444:
439:
437:Pratyekabuddha
434:
429:
424:
418:
413:
412:
409:
408:
405:
404:
399:
394:
392:Buddhist chant
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
313:
308:
307:
304:
303:
300:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
253:
250:Buddhist texts
248:
247:
244:
243:
240:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
178:
177:
167:
161:
158:
157:
152:
146:
145:
144:
141:
140:
137:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
95:
90:
89:
86:
85:
84:
83:
78:
73:
65:
64:
56:
55:
49:
48:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5943:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5889:
5881:
5880:
5877:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5829:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5744:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5663:
5662:Miscellaneous
5659:
5653:
5652:Vegetarianism
5650:
5648:
5645:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5474:Buddha in art
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5450:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5357:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5142:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5128:United States
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4685:Padmasambhava
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4597:Major figures
4594:
4588:
4585:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4544:
4543:Western tulku
4541:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4344:Five precepts
4342:
4341:
4340:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4322:Dhamma vicaya
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
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3734:Enlightenment
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3724:Dhamma theory
3722:
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3719:Buddha-nature
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3039:
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2832:Mansinha 2021
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2758:Harrison 2010
2754:
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2697:
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2683:, p. 52.
2682:
2677:
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2668:, p. 67.
2667:
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2609:, p. 14.
2608:
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2100:
2096:
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2080:
2079:Ashoka Chakra
2076:
2075:Flag of India
2069:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2047:Ashoka Chakra
2044:
2037:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1953:
1948:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1926:
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1907:
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1898:Wat Phra Sing
1892:
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1702:Dhammacakka,
1698:
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1687:Dhammacakka,
1683:
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1658:Kushan period
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1286:Ashoka Chakra
1283:
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1254:inscribed in
1253:
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1241:
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1232:flag of India
1229:
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993:
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898:enlightenment
895:
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887:
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867:
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862:Lake Rewalsar
859:
858:Padmasambhava
854:
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402:Vegetarianism
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358:
357:Recollections
355:
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343:
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338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
327:Five precepts
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
314:
311:
306:
305:
298:
295:
293:
292:Chinese canon
290:
288:
287:Tibetan canon
285:
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5760:Christianity
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5620:Dharmachakra
5619:
5610:Prayer wheel
5600:Prayer beads
5368:Architecture
5247:969 Movement
5031:Saudi Arabia
5009:Central Asia
5002:South Africa
4824:
4807:
4740:Panchen Lama
4645:BuddhapÄlita
4241:Satipatthana
4236:Mindful Yoga
4149:Recollection
4063:Brahmavihara
3934:Japanese Zen
3929:Chinese Chan
3889:Animal realm
3696:Key concepts
3518:Bodhisattvas
3330:Three Jewels
3192:
3164:
3160:
3150:
3131:
3111:
3086:
3082:
3064:
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2969:
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2929:
2922:
2911:the original
2898:
2885:
2880:
2868:. Retrieved
2861:the original
2856:
2827:
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2803:
2791:
2783:
2778:
2770:
2769:Asha Kalia,
2765:
2753:
2744:
2736:
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2724:
2719:
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2647:
2619:
2614:
2583:. Retrieved
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2498:
2486:. Retrieved
2482:the original
2477:
2468:
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2370:
2363:
2355:
2343:. Retrieved
2339:
2330:
2322:
2294:
2287:dharmachakra
2286:
2265:
2216:
2147:Constitution
2141:The seal of
1896:Entrance to
1850:Shanti Stupa
1818:(1644ā1912).
1816:Qing dynasty
1480:Sanchi Stupa
1388:
1355:
1345:ship's wheel
1293:
1280:
1269:
1259:
1225:
1214:
1207:
1195:
1149:
1143:
1137:cosmological
1134:
1118:
1114:
1102:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1037:
1005:Buddhist Art
1002:
975:
963:Digha Nikaya
958:
955:ratana cakka
954:
951:chakravartin
944:
942:
926:ashtamangala
921:
883:
878:Sanchi Stupa
823:
808:
774:
766:
762:
755:
743:
737:
724:inscriptions
722:statues and
717:
711:used in the
704:
699:
693:: ą¤§ą¤°ą„ą¤®ą¤ą¤ą„ą¤°,
687:dharmachakra
686:
684:
352:Merit making
317:Three Jewels
257:Buddhavacana
187:Impermanence
175:Dharma wheel
174:
29:
5685:Dharma talk
5514:Asalha Puja
5310:Eschatology
5113:Switzerland
5093:New Zealand
5021:Middle East
4930:Philippines
4850:Afghanistan
4655:Bodhidharma
4640:Buddhaghosa
4560:Householder
4470:Monasticism
4423:Bodhisattva
4278:Prostration
4231:Mindfulness
4159:Anapanasati
4142:Kammaį¹į¹hÄna
3939:Korean Seon
3879:Asura realm
3874:Human realm
3814:Ten Fetters
3769:Parinirvana
3671:Uppalavanna
3636:MahÄkaccana
3621:MahÄkassapa
3553:Kį¹£itigarbha
3548:ÄkÄÅagarbha
3445:SuddhodÄna
3390:Four sights
3317:Foundations
3225:Dharmacakra
1722:, Thailand.
1642:Afghanistan
1238:concept of
1109:Buddhaghosa
1090:Bhavacakras
1033:sovereignty
978:Buddhaghosa
922:dhammacakka
700:dhammacakka
587:New Zealand
442:Bodhisattva
427:Four Stages
382:Monasticism
362:Mindfulness
332:Perfections
262:Early Texts
18:Dharmacakra
5915:Categories
5802:Psychology
5782:Gnosticism
5770:Comparison
5765:Influences
5747:Comparison
5630:Bhavacakra
5588:Kushinagar
5563:Pilgrimage
5509:MÄgha PÅ«jÄ
5464:Bodhi Tree
5280:Buddhology
5270:Abhidharma
5262:Philosophy
5195:Menander I
5063:Costa Rica
5014:Uzbekistan
4855:Bangladesh
4809:Dhammapada
4793:Pali Canon
4755:Ajahn Chah
4735:Dalai Lama
4635:KumÄrajÄ«va
4630:Vasubandhu
4605:The Buddha
4513:Zen master
4448:Sakadagami
4428:Buddhahood
4359:Pratimokį¹£a
4174:Shikantaza
4130:Meditation
4105:Deity yoga
3976:Madhyamaka
3869:Deva realm
3764:Mindstream
3714:Bodhicitta
3626:Aį¹
gulimÄla
3493:Devadatta
3469:YaÅodharÄ
3372:The Buddha
3362:Middle Way
2820:Nayak 2014
2796:Misra 2007
2681:Goetz 1964
2585:16 January
2488:29 October
2460:1391872675
2306:References
2113:Emblem of
1917:Chiang Mai
1706:, Thailand
1612:Amaravathi
1532:Amaravathi
1364:Falun Gong
1264:(English:
1256:Devanagari
1236:pan-Indian
1025:triple gem
930:Indian art
832:, the god
720:East Asian
460:Traditions
397:Pilgrimage
337:Meditation
297:Post-canon
277:PÄli Canon
207:Middle Way
104:The Buddha
5870:Festivals
5850:Buddhists
5812:Theosophy
5615:Symbolism
5605:Hama yumi
5578:Bodh Gaya
5345:Socialism
5320:Evolution
5295:Economics
5133:Venezuela
5048:Australia
5043:Argentina
4967:Sri Lanka
4962:Singapore
4880:Indonesia
4842:Countries
4783:Tripiį¹aka
4745:Ajahn Mun
4620:Nagarjuna
4615:AÅvaghoį¹£a
4498:AnagÄrika
4493:ÅrÄmaį¹erÄ«
4488:ÅrÄmaį¹era
4483:Bhikkhunī
4443:SotÄpanna
4332:Passaddhi
4273:Offerings
4248:Nekkhamma
4125:Iddhipada
4045:Practices
4015:Theravada
3988:Vajrayana
3981:Yogachara
3951:Pure Land
3864:Six Paths
3851:Cosmology
3631:Anuruddha
3606:SÄriputta
3596:Kaundinya
3588:Disciples
3563:VajrapÄį¹i
3415:Footprint
3380:TathÄgata
2808:Sahu 1958
2607:Beer 2003
2575:Scroll.in
2212:Wheel in
2194:chaplains
1997:cintamani
1932:Boudanath
1580:Gandharan
1357:sonnenrad
1083:chariot's
828:. In the
799:Dholavira
734:Etymology
607:Sri Lanka
597:Singapore
552:Indonesia
492:VajrayÄna
467:TheravÄda
422:Awakening
310:Practices
267:Tripiį¹aka
237:Cosmology
212:Emptiness
192:Suffering
5888:Category
5817:Violence
5787:Hinduism
5735:Sanskrit
5690:Hinayana
5675:AmitÄbha
5635:Swastika
5504:Uposatha
5494:Holidays
5479:Calendar
5325:Humanism
5163:Kanishka
5153:Timeline
4977:Thailand
4945:Kalmykia
4940:Buryatia
4925:Pakistan
4910:Mongolia
4905:Maldives
4900:Malaysia
4865:Cambodia
4730:Shamarpa
4725:Nichiren
4675:Xuanzang
4610:Nagasena
4528:Rinpoche
4258:PÄramitÄ
4100:Devotion
4020:Navayana
4008:Dzogchen
3971:Nichiren
3919:Mahayana
3911:Branches
3789:Saį¹
khÄra
3538:MaƱjuÅrÄ«
3495:(cousin)
3487:(cousin)
3455:(mother)
3447:(father)
3435:Miracles
3385:Birthday
3302:Glossary
3275:Buddhism
3034:(2007),
2696:Pal 1986
2077:has the
2007:and the
1911:Seal of
1883:Kelantan
1258:script:
1127:emperor
1021:trishula
1017:triratna
767:dharman-
740:Sanskrit
691:Sanskrit
617:Thailand
577:Mongolia
572:Malaysia
537:Cambodia
502:Navayana
482:Hinayana
477:MahÄyÄna
387:Lay life
217:Morality
197:Not-self
155:Concepts
114:Councils
99:Timeline
71:Glossary
53:Buddhism
45:a series
43:Part of
5865:Temples
5845:Buddhas
5807:Science
5797:Judaism
5792:Jainism
5710:Lineage
5670:AbhijƱÄ
5640:Thangka
5583:Sarnath
5568:Lumbini
5489:Funeral
5484:Cuisine
5360:Culture
5335:Reality
5285:Creator
5275:Atomism
5145:History
5118:Ukraine
5078:Germany
4997:Senegal
4987:Vietnam
4915:Myanmar
4715:Shinran
4705:Karmapa
4680:Shandao
4650:DignÄga
4575:ÅrÄvaka
4555:Donchee
4550:Kappiya
4508:Sayadaw
4478:Bhikkhu
4453:AnÄgÄmi
4410:Nirvana
4376:Samadhi
4263:Paritta
4204:Tonglen
4199:Mandala
4154:Smarana
4135:Mantras
4083:Upekkha
4053:Bhavana
4003:Shingon
3956:Tiantai
3809:TathÄtÄ
3799:ÅÅ«nyatÄ
3794:Skandha
3784:Saį¹sÄra
3779:Rebirth
3754:Kleshas
3744:Indriya
3646:Subhūti
3531:Guanyin
3485:Änanda
3477:RÄhula
3357:Nirvana
3297:Outline
3103:3518337
3008:, Crown
2952:Sources
2870:22 June
2538:5 March
2345:22 June
2325:p. 524.
2196:in the
2097:of the
2003:, blue
1584:Sarnath
1449:Bharhut
1433:Kolkata
1429:Bharhut
1413:Mauryas
1393:Gallery
1371:Unicode
1369:In the
1210:sramana
1199:Paramo
1125:Mauryan
1094:rebirth
1063:samsara
1056:samadhi
1009:Bharhut
1003:In the
961:of the
868:, India
627:Vietnam
582:Myanmar
497:Tibetan
487:Chinese
415:NirvÄį¹a
232:Saį¹sÄra
227:Rebirth
92:History
81:Outline
5860:Sutras
5855:Suttas
5720:Siddhi
5705:Koliya
5680:BrahmÄ
5595:Poetry
5541:Mantra
5531:Kasaya
5403:Pagoda
5383:Kyaung
5378:VihÄra
5373:Temple
5315:Ethics
5158:Ashoka
5108:Sweden
5103:Poland
5098:Norway
5088:Mexico
5073:France
5058:Canada
5053:Brazil
4992:Africa
4972:Taiwan
4935:Russia
4860:Bhutan
4820:Vinaya
4700:Naropa
4690:Saraha
4625:Asanga
4381:PrajƱÄ
4290:Refuge
4253:Nianfo
4214:Tertƶn
4209:Tantra
4194:Ganana
4184:Tukdam
4110:DhyÄna
4078:Mudita
4073:Karuį¹Ä
3966:Risshū
3961:Huayan
3894:Naraka
3834:AnattÄ
3829:Dukkha
3824:Anicca
3729:Dharma
3681:Channa
3616:Änanda
3601:Assaji
3568:Skanda
3471:(wife)
3440:Family
3420:Relics
3345:Sangha
3340:Dharma
3335:Buddha
3201:
3171:
3139:
3119:
3101:
3071:
3044:
2994:
2976:
2937:
2529:
2458:
2427:
2378:
1626:Taxila
1482:no. 3.
1375:Dharma
1309:Vishnu
1290:dharma
1240:Dharma
1201:Dharma
1197:Ahiį¹sÄ
1129:Ashoka
1075:dukkha
1052:prajƱa
1040:spokes
1029:chatra
1013:Sanchi
986:Dharma
971:Buddha
938:Ashoka
908:, the
890:Buddha
886:Dharma
842:Vishnu
775:dharma
765:-stem
745:dharma
709:symbol
612:Taiwan
592:Russia
532:Brazil
527:Bhutan
447:Buddha
367:Wisdom
150:Dharma
5832:Lists
5700:Kalpa
5695:Iddhi
5558:Music
5553:Mudra
5519:Vassa
5499:Vesak
5469:Budai
5415:Candi
5398:Stupa
5330:Logic
5083:Italy
4982:Tibet
4920:Nepal
4890:Korea
4885:Japan
4875:India
4870:China
4815:Sutra
4770:Texts
4720:DÅgen
4710:HÅnen
4695:AtiÅa
4660:Zhiyi
4570:Achar
4538:Tulku
4533:Geshe
4518:RÅshi
4503:Ajahn
4458:Arhat
4418:Bodhi
4388:VÄ«rya
4305:Sacca
4300:Satya
4295:SÄdhu
4283:Music
4226:Merit
4219:Terma
4179:Zazen
4115:Faith
4068:MettÄ
3749:Karma
3709:Bardo
3676:Asita
3666:Khema
3656:UpÄli
3641:Nanda
3479:(son)
3453:MÄyÄ
3430:Films
3307:Index
3099:JSTOR
2914:(PDF)
2907:(PDF)
2864:(PDF)
2853:(PDF)
2400:(PDF)
2257:Notes
2028:crest
2005:khata
2001:padma
1385:: āøļø.
1383:emoji
1381:. As
1295:satya
1276:Vedas
1252:motto
1079:sukha
838:Mitra
834:Surya
830:Vedas
815:seals
742:noun
707:is a
703:) or
622:Tibet
562:Korea
557:Japan
547:India
542:China
507:Newar
432:Arhat
222:Karma
76:Index
5730:PÄįø·i
5715:MÄra
5625:Flag
5026:Iran
4950:Tuva
4895:Laos
4523:Lama
4371:ÅÄ«la
4339:ÅÄ«la
4327:PÄ«ti
4317:Sati
4268:Puja
4189:Koan
4095:DÄna
3686:Yasa
3573:TÄrÄ
3199:ISBN
3169:ISBN
3137:ISBN
3117:ISBN
3069:ISBN
3042:ISBN
2992:ISBN
2974:ISBN
2935:ISBN
2891:Text
2872:2018
2587:2024
2540:2024
2527:ISBN
2490:2021
2456:OCLC
2425:ISBN
2376:ISBN
2347:2018
2234:USVA
2214:Jain
2151:phan
2095:flag
2093:The
2073:The
2041:The
2022:The
1999:, a
1991:The
1354:The
1178:The
1086:axle
1054:and
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1011:and
982:ƱÄį¹a
918:Pali
912:and
793:Ten
751:ą¤§ą¤°ą„ą¤®
738:The
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685:The
567:Laos
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