4592:
3265:
8349:
pa thams cad kyi yang mdzod spyi mes chen po 'di'i ngo bo lhun gyis grub pa'i ngang nyid kyi don/ rang rig pas mngon sum khong du chud nas blor bzhag par byar yang med pa'i don chen po rang gi rig pa la gsal bar bya ba yang/ ji ltar shes par bya zhe na/ shin tu rnal 'byor gyi theg pa 'di la/ rgyud lung man ngag gi gzhung ltar/ dang po gzhal bya'i chos gcig la/ rang gi so sor rtogs pa'i shes rab kyis gzhal bar byar yang med pa ste/ de ci'i phyir zhe na/ chos so cog tu grags pa thams cad/ ye gdod ma nyid nas spu ma brjes mdog ma bsgur bar rang byung gi ye shes thig le chen po'i klong du sangs rgyas pa'i rang bzhin la/ dngos po gzhal byar su yis mthong/ gtan tshigs su (p.292) yis bstan/ grub pa'i mtha' ci zhig chol/ 'jal byed gang gis byas te/ de dag gi ngo bo so so ba med pa'i phyir ma dmigs so/
5592:) of man into a seemingly Outer Space (phyi’i dbyings). Useful in this context is the picture of the Youthful-Vase-Body (gzhon nu bum pa’i sku). When the outer wall of this body which symbolizes the ground in its “inner” potentiality, is broken through, its “inner” light is seen in the “Outer Space”. Obviously, the term “Outer Space” (phyi’i dbyings) does not refer to some kind of “science-fiction like outer space”, but means that the ground is making room for itself in and as experienceable plenum. Moreover, the term “lamp” (sgron ma) also implies a bodily presence. It is the ground present in the concrete givenness of an individual being and thus, it is similar to the tathagatagarbha of the general Mahayana Buddhism. Source:
2729:
2402:
5258:(印順, 1906 – 2005) drew on Chinese Madhyamaka to argue against any Yogacara influenced view that buddha-nature was an underlying permanent ground of reality and instead supported the view that buddha-nature teachings are just an expedient means. Yin Shun, drawing on his study of Indian Madhyamaka promoted the emptiness of all things as the ultimate Buddhist truth, and argued that the buddha-nature teaching was a provisional teaching taught in order to ease the fear of some Buddhists regarding emptiness as well as to attract those people who have an affinity to the idea of a Self or
46:
3174:
6637:
7154:
6250:
994:
9729:
5223:, Oxford Buddhist scholar and Tibetan lama of the Shentong tradition writes of the buddha-nature or "true self" as something real and permanent, and already present within the being as uncompounded enlightenment. She calls it "the Buddha within", and writes that the Buddha, Nirvana and Buddha-wisdom can be referred to as the "True Self" (as it is done in some buddha-nature sutras). According to Hookham, in the shentong interpretation, buddha-nature is what truly exists, while not-self is what it is not.
5586:
visionary experience of form, colour, sound, etc., — without losing its quality of being empty of any concreteness. In other words, it is the inseparability of the empty essence (ngo bo stong pa) and the clear nature (rang bzhin gsal ba) of the ground (gzhi) in and as all-pervading compassion (thugs rje kun khyab) as it manifests outwardly in visionary experience. Of course, the term “manifest outwardly” (phyi snang) should not be taken too literally, rather, it should be understood as a projection
86:
12706:
3542:
12717:
10115:
10102:
667:
10092:
5641:"Clear mind is like the full moon in the sky. Sometimes clouds come and cover it, but the moon is always behind them. Clouds go away, then the moon shines brightly. So don't worry about clear mind: it is always there. When thinking comes, behind it is clear mind. When thinking goes, there is only clear mind. Thinking comes and goes, comes and goes. You must not be attached to the coming or the going." (Seung Sahn,
3362:"all dharmas without exception originate and are formed from the true, and other than the true, there exists absolutely nothing which can give rise to false thoughts." Ching-ying Hui-yuan equated this "true mind" with the storehouse consciousness and with buddha-nature and held that it was an essence, a true consciousness and a metaphysical principle that ensured that all sentient beings will reach enlightenment.
2978:"possessing the tathagata heart" is because emptiness, signlessness, wishlessness, and so on, exist in the mind streams of all sentient beings. However, it is not something like a permanent and all-pervasive person that is the inner agent. For we find such as "All phenomena have the nature of emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness. What is emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness is the Tathagata."
2390:
3030:… if one is a Madhyamika then that which enables sentient beings to become buddhas must be the very factor that enables the minds of sentient beings to change into the minds of Buddhas. That which enables things to change is their simple absence of inherent existence, their emptiness. Thus the tathagatagarbha becomes emptiness itself, but specifically emptiness when applied to the mental continuum.
2674:, tathāgatagarbha is the same as the ālayavijñāna (though this is qualified in other passages which explain that there are two layers of the ālayavijñāna, a pure and an impure layer). The storehouse consciousness is supposed to contain the pure tathāgatagarbha, from which awakening arises. Wayman notes that this synthesis of tathāgatagarbha thought and Yogacara Buddhism is a key innovation of the
5920:
3577:
5008:(1290–1364) likewise held that the buddha-nature teachings were not an ultimate or final teaching (like emptiness), seeing them as teachings of expedient meaning that merely points to emptiness. His view was that the basis for these teachings is the alaya-vijñana and also that buddha-nature is the dharmakaya of a buddha but "never exists in the great mass of sentient beings".
4642:(which uses the term pen-chileh, “original enlightenment”). Jacqueline Stone writes that Tendai doctrine held that enlightenment was "inherent from the outset and as accessible in the present, rather than as the fruit of a long process of cultivation." It was often held that hongaku was a feature of all phenomena, including plants and inanimate objects.
5068:, repeatedly exalts, as portrayed by Dolpopa, not the non-Self but the Self, and applies the following terms to this ultimate reality: "the Buddha-Self, the beginningless Self, the solid Self, the diamond Self." These terms are applied in a manner which reflects the cataphatic approach to Buddhism, typical of much of Dolpopa's writings.
5027:(1428–1507) meanwhile argues that the ultimate buddha-nature is an implicative negation, which means that its philosophical negation leaves something positive that is not negated by analysis. This is "mind's natural luminosity free from all extremes of reference points, which is the sphere of personally experienced wisdom."
6187:, p. 112: "The final form of expression indicating that tathāgatagārbha or Buddha nature involves a substantialist monistic theory is found is those passages stating that the tathāgatagārbha, dharmakāya, nirvāṇa, or Buddha nature is beyond cause and conditions, is unborn, quiescent, or unchanging."
4583:, equates the buddha-nature with the dharmakāya in line with pronouncements in key tathāgatagarbha sūtras. He defines these as "the inherent nature that exists in all beings....transcendental reality....the unity of the Buddha with everything that exists," and sees it as the goal of Mahayana Buddhism.
4963:(1938–2010) and Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal (born 1950), emphasise that the essential nature of the mind (the buddha-nature) is not a blankness, but is characterized by wonderful qualities and a non-conceptual perfection that is already present and complete, it's just obscured and we fail to recognize it.
3160:
each with their own inner nature. To make this teaching compatible with the notion of buddha-nature in all beings, Yogācāra scholars in China such as Tz'u-en (慈恩, 632–682) the first patriarch in China, advocated two types of nature: the latent nature found in all beings (理佛性) and the buddha-nature in
3110:
describes buddha-nature as the natural luminous mind, which is a non-dual self-awareness. Brunnholzl also notes that for Ratnākaraśānti, this luminosity is equivalent to the
Yogacara concept of the perfected nature, which he sees as an implicative negation. Ratnākaraśānti also describes this ultimate
8348:
theg pa'i mchog rnal 'byor gyi phul yang tog/ rgyal ba ril gyi yum a ti yo ga'i don btsan pa ni/ mtshan rdzogs pa (p.291) chen po zhes bya ste/ ci'i phyir zhe na/ bsam gyis mi khyab pa'i chos thams cad ma brtsal lhun rdzogs pa'i don/ gcer grol go bar bya ba'i phyir zhib tu bstan te/ de lta bu'i theg
3438:
an active threefold process which involves the way reality is, the wisdom to see reality as it is, and the practice required to attain this wisdom. Buddha Nature is threefold: the three aspects of reality, wisdom, and practice are interdependent—one aspect does not make any sense without the others.
2202:
Matsumoto Shirō also points out that "buddha-nature" translates the
Sanskrit-term buddhadhātu, a "place to put something," a "foundation," a "locus." According to Shirō, it does not mean "original nature" or "essence," nor does it mean the "possibility of the attainment of Buddhahood," "the original
6244:
The unchanging, permanent status attributed to Buddha-nature is a radical departure is a departure from the language emphasizing impermanence within the discourses of early
Buddhism. Indeed the language of Buddha-nature is strikingly similar to the very positions that Buddhists often argue against,
5361:
Western scholars have reacted in different ways to this idea. Sallie B. King objects to their view, seeing the buddha-nature as a metaphor for the potential in all beings to attain
Buddhahood, rather than as an ontological reality. Robert H. Sharf notes that the worries of the Critical Buddhists is
5155:
Once one pronounces the words "emptiness" and "absolute", one has the impression of speaking of the same thing, in fact of the absolute. If emptiness must be explained through the use of just one of these two terms, there will be confusion. I must say this; otherwise you might think that the innate
5230:
literature" is that buddha-nature really is present as "a hidden essence" within each being. According to Fowler, this view is "the idea that enlightenment, or nirvana, is not something which has to be achieved, it is something which is already there... In a way, it means that everyone is really a
5087:
masters hold the teaching on buddha nature to be of definitive meaning and deny that the tathagata heart is just sheer emptiness or a nonimplicative negation." This means that most Kagyu scholars do not think that the strictly negative
Madhyamaka explanation of buddha-nature is suffient on its own
4684:
Therefore, the very impermanency of grass and tree, thicket and forest is the Buddha nature. The very impermanency of men and things, body and mind, is the Buddha nature. Nature and lands, mountains and rivers, are impermanent because they are the Buddha nature. Supreme and complete enlightenment,
3361:
By the 6th century CE buddha nature had been well established in
Chinese Buddhism and a wide variety of theories developed to explain it. One influential figure who wrote about buddha nature was Ching-ying Hui-yuan (523–592 CE), a Chinese Yogacarin who argued for a kind of idealism which held that
4886:
equates buddha-nature with this ultimate basis, which it also calls by various names like "the spontaneous essence", "the innermost treasury of all vehicles", "the great universal grandfather , is to be experienced directly by self-awareness ", "sphere of the great circle of the self-awareness."
2442:
This abides within the shroud of the afflictions, as should be understood through examples: Just like a buddha in a decaying lotus, honey amidst bees, a grain in its husk, gold in filth, a treasure underground, a shoot and so on sprouting from a little fruit, a statue of the
Victorious One in a
5019:
nondual unity of minds lucidity and emptiness or awareness and emptiness free from all reference points. It is not mere emptiness because sheer emptiness cannot be the basis of both samsára and nirvána. However, it is not mere lucidity either because this lucidity is a conditioned entity and the
4745:
There are those who see it as an implicative negation, which means that there is something further to be said about buddha-nature that is not just the
Madhyamaka emptiness based on pure negations of all concepts. This could include positive descriptions like the union of the mind's emptiness and
5432:
Sutton agrees with
Williams' critique on the narrowness of any single interpretation. In discussing the inadequacy of modern scholarship on buddha-nature, Sutton states, "One is impressed by the fact that these authors, as a rule, tend to opt for a single meaning disregarding all other possible
3370:
included numerous traditions with their own interpretations of buddha-nature. The Dilun or Daśabhūmikā school and the Shelun school were some of the earliest schools in this
Chinese Yogacara. The Dilun school became split on the issue of the relationship between the storehouse consciousness and
3020:. According to Kamalasila the idea that all sentient beings have tathāgatagarbha means that all beings can attain full awakening and also refers to how "the term tathāgata expresses that the dharmadhātu, which is characterized by personal and phenomenal identitylessness, is natural luminosity."
5585:
Scheidegger, Daniel (2007: p.27): Certainly, the main characteristic of what is named “lamp” (sgron ma) can be circumscribed as “inseparability of clarity and emptiness” (gsal stong dbyer med). Thus, it is that which makes itself clear (gsal ba) — i.e., that which actualizes itself in and as
5135:
It is the emptiness of mind's being empty of being really established that is called "the naturally pure true nature of the mind." The naturally pure true nature of the mind in its phase of not being free from adventitious stains is called "sugata heart" or "naturally abiding disposition."
5696:
Now while the verse of the Sixth Patriarch is the true understanding, the paradox for us is that we have to practice with the verse that was not accepted: we do have to polish the mirror; we do have to be aware of our thoughts and actions; we do have to be aware of our false reactions to
4680:, held that buddha-nature was simply the true nature of reality and being. This true nature was just impermanence, becoming and 'vast emptiness'. Because he saw the whole universe as an expression of buddha-nature, he held that even grass and trees are buddha-nature. According to Dōgen:
5686:
According to McRae, "T]he verse attributed to Shenxiu to a constant practice of cleaning the mirror Huineng's verse(s) apply the rhetoric of emptiness to undercut the substantiality of the terms of that formulation. However, the basic meaning of the first proposition still remains."
3300:
tries to harmonize the ideas of the tathāgatagarbha and the storehouse consciousness (ālāyavijñāna) into a single theory which sees self, world, mind and ultimate realty as an integrated the "one mind", which is the ultimate substratum of all things (including samsara and nirvana).
4925:
in Dzogchen as outlined by Longchenpa. This ground is said to be primordially pure (ka dag) and spontaneously present (Ihun grub). In Dzogchen, buddha nature, which is equated with the basis (gzhi) of all phenomena, is often explained as the unity of "primordial purity" (Wylie:
4574:
According to Heng-Ching Shih, the teaching of the universal buddha-nature does not intend to assert the existence of substantial, entity-like self endowed with excellent features of a Buddha. Rather, buddha-nature simply represents the potentiality to be realized in the future.
4703:(1222–1282), views the buddha-nature present in all beings as "the inner potential for attaining Buddhahood". The emphasis in Nichiren Buddhism is on attaining Buddhahood in this lifetime, described as manifesting or summoning forth buddha-nature by chanting the name of the
2126:
can thus also imply "that sentient beings have a tathāgata within them in seed or embryo, that sentient beings are the wombs or matrices of the tathāgata, or that they have a tathāgata as their essence, core, or essential inner nature." According to Williams, the term
5339:
but argues that the Buddha nature texts are aware of this and that Buddha nature is not necessarily un-Buddhist or anti-Buddhist. Likewise, Hirakawa Akira, sees buddha-nature as the potential to attain Buddhahood which is not static but ever changing and argues that
3153:(a subtle body which appears to bodhisattvas) and the Dharmakāya (ultimate reality). This doctrine was also later to be synthesized with buddha-nature teachings by various sources (with buddha-nature generally referring to the Dharmakaya as it does in some sutras).
5423:
Paul Williams too has criticised this view, saying that Critical Buddhism is too narrow in its definition of what constitutes Buddhism. According to Williams, "We should abandon any simplistic identification of Buddhism with a straightforward not-Self definition".
4544:(20th-century China), have taught that the process of awakening begins with the light of the mind turning around to recognize its own true nature, so that the storehouse consciousness (also called the 8th consciousness in Yogacara Buddhism), which is also the
2312:
This tathāgatagarbha idea was the result of an interplay between various strands of Buddhist thought, on the nature of human consciousness and the means of awakening. Gregory sees this doctrine as implying that enlightenment is the natural state of the mind.
5734:
as follows: "Lord, this Tathagatagarbha is the Illustrious Dharmadhatu-womb, neither self nor sentient being, nor soul, nor personality. Is the dharmakaya-embryo, not the domain of beings who fall into the belief in a real personality. Is the supramundane
5075:(i.e. the buddha-nature teachings) is that they "are the final definitive statements on the nature of ultimate reality, the primordial ground or substratum beyond the chain of dependent origination, and which is only empty of other, relative phenomena."
5890:
Later he went to live on Ta-mei mountain. When the Patriarch heard that he was residing on the mountain, he sent one of his monks to go there and ask Fa-ch'ang, "What did the Venerable obtain when he saw Ma-tsu, so that he has come to live on this
5877:, in "The Three Pillars of Zen", drawing from Harada roshi, discerns a "Pure Consciousness" or "Formless Self" underlying the ālāya-vijñāna. This 9th consciousness was also mentioned by Paramārtha, a 6th century Indian translator working in China.
4497:
of early Chan, buddha-nature was equated with the nature of mind, while later sects sometimes rejected any identification of the term with the mind. This rejection of any reification of the term is reflected in the recorded sayings of Chan master
3295:
offers an ontological synthesis of buddha-nature and Yogacara thought from the perspective of "essence-function" philosophy. It describes the "One Mind" which "includes in itself all states of being of the phenomenal and transcendental world. The
4742:, the nature of phenomena). This pure Madhyamaka view is described in as "a nonimplicative negation", which means that in one's philosophical analysis, one negates all forms of existence (and non-existence) completely, leaving nothing left over.
2370:
has the potential to become a buddha. East Asian commentaries saw these teachings as indicating that the Lotus sutra was also drawing on the concept of the universality of buddha-nature. The sutra shares other themes and ideas with the later
4556:, which states that one must let go of all discriminating notions of any kind to attain the perfect knowledge of the tathāgatagarbha. When this transformation is complete, the other seven consciousnesses are also transformed into wisdom.
3402:(384–414 CE) who was a key figure in outlining an understanding of emptiness which was based on the Indian sources and not on Daoist concepts which previous Chinese Buddhists had used. Jizang used the compound "Middle Way-buddha-nature" (
5088:(without drawing on the buddha-nature sutras) to explain buddha-nature. Some Kagyu views can be similar to Jonang shentong and sometimes use shentong language, but they are generally less absolutist than Jonang views (the exception is
5873:, "the nirvanic basis known as the ground." Sam van Schaik: "....the Seminal Heart distinction between two types of basis, the nirvanic basis known as the ground (gzhi) and the samsaric basis of consciousness, the ālaya (kun gzhi).
5376:
idea." Sharf also has pointed out how certain Southern Chan masters were concerned with other interpretations of Buddha nature, showing how the tendency to critique certain views of Buddha nature is not new in East Asian Buddhism.
3522:
As such, the ultimate principle is non-dual with all relative phenomena. Because the ultimate source of all things is also interdependent and interconnected with them, it remains a ground which is empty of self-existence
2589:
as a central character (now reformed and turned into a bodhisattva). The text attributes various qualities to the universal tathāgatagarbha, such as non-arising, independence, invariability, and not being the perceptive
3365:
In the sixth and seventh centuries, the Yogacara theory became associated with a substantialist non-dual metaphysics which saw buddha nature as an eternal ground. This idea was promoted by figures like Ratnamati. The
2806:
presents the tathāgatagarbha as "an ultimate, unconditional reality that is simultaneously the inherent, dynamic process towards its complete manifestation". Mundane and enlightened reality are seen as complementary:
3406:中道佛 性) to refer to his view. Jizang was also one of the first Chinese philosophers to famously argue that plants and insentient objects have buddha-nature, which he also termed true reality and universal principle (
3371:
buddha-nature. The southern faction held that storehouse consciousness was identical with the pure mind, while the northern school held that the storehouse consciousness was exclusively a deluded and defiled mind.
5047:
sutras, argued that the buddha-nature is "ultimately really established, everlasting, eternal, permanent, immutable (therzug), and being beyond dependent origination." This is the foundation of what is called the
4838:
in the eighth century. During the early translation period, other works which synthesized and reconciled buddha-nature thought with Yogacara and Madhyamaka philosophy were also translated by Tibetan scholars like
9253:
9603:
5489:
Of these three, Sutton claims that only the third connotation has any soteriological significance, while the other two posit buddha-nature as an ontological reality and essential nature behind all phenomena.
5408:
ideologies which became dominant in the 8th century promoted the idea of an "underlying metaphysical substratum" or "underlying, invariant, universal metaphysical 'source'" and thus do seem to be a kind of
5115:) because it contains the very seed, the potential of Buddhahood. It resides in each and every being and because of this essential nature, this heart nature, there is the possibility of reaching Buddhahood.
4711:
Like the classic Tendai hongaku doctrine, Nichiren held that all life and even all insentient matter (such mandalas, images, statues) also possesses buddha nature, because they serve as objects of worship.
4570:
a 13th century koan collection) which asks "does a dog have Buddha nature?" The enigmatic response given by the master is "no" ("wú'', Chinese, ''mu'' in Japanese) which can interpreted in various ways.
5043:(1292–1361), sees the buddha-nature as the very ground of the Buddha himself, as the "permanent indwelling of the Buddha in the basal state". According to Brunnholzl, Dolpopa, basing himself on certain
2362:, but Japanese scholars suggest that a similar idea is nevertheless expressed or implied in the text. The tenth chapter emphasizes that all living beings can become a Buddha. The twelfth chapter of the
2443:
tattered rag, a ruler of humankind in a destitute woman's womb, and a precious image under clay, this element abides within all sentient beings, obscured by the defilement of the adventitious poisons.
3426:. According to Paul L. Swanson, none of Zhiyi's works discuss buddha-nature explicitly at length however. Yet it is still an important concept in his philosophy, which is seen as synonymous with the
8136:
5366:
scriptures betray a similar anxiety, as they tacitly acknowledge that the doctrine is close to, if not identical with, the heretical ātmavāda teachings of the non- Buddhists." He also notes how the
3254:) which held there were two main ontological levels to reality, the most foundational being the buddha-nature, the "essence" of all phenomena (which in turn were the "functions" of buddha-nature).
3328:(reign 502–549 CE), in which he postulated a pure essence, the enlightened mind, trapped in darkness, which is ignorance. By this ignorance the pure mind is trapped in samsara. This resembles the
2635:
5151:
sees the buddha-nature as the "original clear light of mind", but points out that it ultimately does not exist independently, because, like all other phenomena, it is of the nature of emptiness:
4797:
Madhyamaka. This view interprets buddha-nature teachings as an expedient ways to talk about the emptiness of inherent existence which should not be taken literally. Other schools, especially the
2910:
6263:
6261:
6259:
6257:
6255:
6253:
5103:
is generally seen as the most authoritative. His is the view that buddha-nature is "mind's luminous ultimate nature or nondual wisdom, which is the basis of everything in samsara and nirvana."
1958:). According to Brown, "storehouse" may indicate both "that which enfolds or contains something", or "that which is itself enfolded, hidden or contained by another." The Tibetan translation is
2466:
linked the concept of tathāgatagarbha with the "buddhadhātu" ("buddha-nature" or "buddha-element") and it also equates these with the eternal and pure Buddha-body, the Dharmakaya, also called
2333:(1st–3rd century CE), which say that the Buddha's knowledge is all pervasive and is present in all sentient beings were also an important step in the development of buddha-nature thought. The
7486:
Hurley, Scott, The doctrinal transformation of twentieth-century Chinese Buddhism: Master Yinshun's interpretation of the tathagatagarbha doctrine, Contemporary Buddhism, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2004.
5251:), which emphasizes the potentiality to realize Buddhahood through Buddhist practices. In this view, the intention of the teaching of buddha-nature is soteriological rather than theoretical.
8607:
9633:
5413:
According to Lusthaus "in early T'ang China (7th–8th century) there was a deliberate attempt to divorce Chinese Buddhism from developments in India." Lusthaus notes that the Huayen thinker
2539:
also says that the tathāgatagarbha is the basis of both saṃsāra and nirvāṇa and equates it with the dharmakāya (which is described as "permanent," "eternal," "everlasting," and "peaceful").
8940:
Sudden Enlightenment Followed by Gradual Cultivation: Tsung-mi's Analysis of Mind. In: Peter N. Gregory (editor)(1991), Sudden and Gradual. Approaches to Enlightenment in Chinese Thought.
5144:(1364–1432) is that buddha-nature (the tathagata heart) is "the state of a being in whom mind's emptiness is obscured, while buddhas by definition do not possess this tathagata heart."
3930:
4591:
5886:
Compare Mazu's "Mind is Buddha" versus "No mind, no Buddha": "When Ch'an Master Fa-ch'ang of Ta-mei Mountain went to see the Patriarch for the first time, he asked, "What is Buddha?"
9868:
4982:
free from all reference points, and states that the teaching that buddha-nature exists in all beings is of expedient meaning (not ultimate) and that its basis is emptiness, citing
2458:
possibly dating to the 2nd century CE. Some scholars like Michael Radich argue that this is the earliest buddha-nature sutra. This sutra was very influential in the development of
5630:
Just then, Ryokan returned. "You have travelled far to visit me," he told the burglar. "I cannot let you return empty handed. Here are my clothes, please accept them as my gift."
9226:
5785:, literally meaning "much rice" but denoting a rich man) is a type of compound that denotes a referent by specifying a certain characteristic or quality the referent possesses.
9621:
7349:
5169:
is an ecumenical movement in Tibet which started as an attempt to reconcile the various Tibetan schools in the 19th century. In contrast to the Gelugpa, which adheres to the
4813:
empty of its own inherent existence". Shentong influenced interpretations tend to rely heavily on the buddha-nature sutras to balance the negative dialectics of Madhyamaka.
2905:. These works are unknown in other textual traditions and scholars disagree on whether they are translations, original compositions or a mixture of the two. These works are:
3226:
some Chinese Buddhists supposed that the teaching of the buddha-nature was, as stated by that sutra, the final Buddhist teaching, and that there is an essential truth above
2103:, such as "containing", "born from", "embryo", "(embracing/concealing) womb", "calyx", "child", "member of a clan", "core", which may all be brought into mind when the term
4784:
school, which sees itself as a continuation of the Kadampas, also hold this view, while also holding, as Chaba did, that buddha-nature teachings are of expedient meaning.
3289:, no Sanskrit version of the text is extant. The earliest known versions are written in Chinese, and contemporary scholars believe that the text is a Chinese composition.
2283:) is regarded to be the seed from which Buddhahood grows. Wayman thus argues that the pure luminous mind doctrine formed the basis for the classic buddha-nature doctrine.
4857:, and it is also the pure "natural spiritual disposition" (rigs) that is present within all beings which is also called the dharmakāya, and which he also calls the root (
2626:
nature) and the four perfections of permanence, bliss, self and purity as qualities of the Buddha. It also discusses the non-dual nature of all sentient beings with the
1927:. The term refers to a Buddha, who has "thus gone" from samsara into nirvana, and "thus come" from nirvana into samsara to work for the salvation of all sentient beings.
9284:
2774:) which synthesised major elements and themes of the tathāgatagārbha theory. It gives an overview of key themes found in many tathāgatagarbha sutras, and it cites the
5299:("substantialism", sometimes rendered "locus theory" or "topicalism" and "generative monism") is not Buddhist at all. As defined by Matsumoto, this "locus" theory or
5188:
rangtong and shentong are not ultimately different as both can reach the ultimate state in practice. However, they do differ in how they describe ultimate reality (
4921:, the most authoritative figure in modern Nyingma, adopted a view of buddha-nature as the unity of appearance and emptiness, relating it to the descriptions of the
3457:
The direct cause of attaining Buddhahood, the innate potential in all sentient beings to become Buddhas, which is the aspect of 'true nature', the way things are.
5628:
A Zen master, Ryokan, lived a life of simplicity in his hut near the mountains. When he was away one night, a thief broke in only to find nothing worth stealing.
765:
or the fact that all sentient beings already have a pure Buddha-essence within themselves. "Buddha-nature" is the common English translation for several related
4493:, the absence of an independent and substantial "self". The term buddha-nature is interpreted in various ways throughout the voluminous Chan literature. In the
2060:
According to Brown, following Wayman & Hideko, "embryo" is the best fitting translation, since it preserves "the dynamic, self-transformative nature of the
9081:
7527:
6213:
Buddha-nature, however, is universal and unchanging. It is impossible for it to exist at one point and not at another. It transcends space, time, and movement.
5417:
was influential in this theological trend who promoted the idea that true Buddhism was about comprehending the "One Mind that alone is the ground of reality" (
4876:
texts, which presents the sugatagarbha as equivalent to the ultimate ground or basis of all reality. This teaching can be found in early Dzogchen sources like
3353:) as having two elements: one essential, immutable, changeless and still (the "essence"); the other an active and salvational inspirational power (function).
3382:(549–623 CE) sought to remove all ontological connotations of the term as a metaphysical reality and saw buddha nature as being synonymous with terms like "
8140:
10856:
8948:
4809:("other-empty") philosophy, which discerns an ultimate reality which "is empty of adventitious defilements which are intrinsically other than it, but is
11771:
10246:
5593:
9515:
4649:
schools, like Japanese Pure Land Buddhism, Zen and Nichiren. Japanese Pure Land Buddhism relied on Tendai buddha-nature doctrine. The founder of the
3960:
3264:
2482:
further claims that buddha-nature (and the Buddha's body, his Dharmakaya) is characterized by four perfections (pāramitās) or qualities: permanence (
2286:
4606:(a "wish fulfilling jewel"). Buddha nature texts often use the metaphor of a hidden jewel (buddha-nature) which all beings have, but are unaware of.
3896:
2511:
1320:
8968:
7977:
7510:
Muller, A. Charles (1999), "Essence-Function and Interpenetration: Early Chinese Origins and Manifestations", Bulletin of Toyo Gakuen University, 7
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and links them to buddha-nature thought. This sutra also states that the mind's luminous nature, while being empty of adventitious defilements, is
1850:
1874:
may mean "embryonic tathāgata", "womb of the tathāgata", or "containing a tathagata". Various meanings may all be brought into mind when the term
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5367:
3916:
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11999:
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Fa-ch'ang said, "That old man still hasn't stopped confusing people. You can have 'neither mind nor Buddha,' I only care for 'mind is Buddha."'
5380:
Peter N. Gregory has also argued that at least some East Asian interpretations of Buddha nature are equivalent to what Critical Buddhists call
148:
5196:). Kongtrul "finds the Rangtong way of presentation the best to dissolve concepts and the Shentong way the best to describe the experience."
8183:
10216:
9405:
5327:
Buddhism." Other Japanese scholars responded to this view leading to a lively debate in Japan. Takasaki Jikido, a well known authority on
3002:, that "the statement of the emptiness of sentient beings being a buddha adorned with all major and minor marks is of expedient meaning".
7043:
4746:
luminosity, a non-dual buddha-wisdom, or even the eternal pure buddhic Self which includes all buddha-qualities (as in Jonang Shentong).
10324:
4899:
3149:(triple body) doctrine, in which the Buddha is held to have three bodies: Nirmanakaya (transformation body which people see on earth),
10059:
9469:
9192:
2015:, which date to the 2nd and third centuries CE. It is translated and interpreted in various ways by western translators and scholars:
993:
10081:
9235:
6245:
demonstrating a decisive break from the early Buddhist triad of impermanence (anitya), suffering (duḥkha), and selflessness (anātman)
4816:
These interpretations of the tathagatagarbha-teachings have been a matter of intensive debates in Tibetan Buddhism down to this day.
4506:, who sometimes would teach on the "ordinary mind" or say "Mind is Buddha," but at other times would say "Neither mind nor Buddha."
3460:
The complete cause of attaining Buddhahood, which is the aspect of wisdom that illuminates the true nature and the goal of practice.
12747:
7368:
2115:
9060:
5806:, which originally referred to relics. Worship of the physical relics of the Buddha was reshaped into worship of the inner Buddha.
12591:
12043:
6947:
5124:
2131:"may also have been intended simply to answer the question how it is possible that all sentient beings can attain the state of a
9611:
7439:
Liu, Ming-Wood (April 1985). "The Yogaacaaraa and Maadhyamika Interpretation of the buddha-nature Concept in Chinese Buddhism".
3122:(store consciousness) also came to be associated by some scholars with the tathāgatagarbha. This can be seen in sutras like the
12246:
10226:
8721:
King, Sallie B. (1997). "The Doctrine of Buddha Nature is Impeccably Buddhist". In Hubbard, Jamie; Swanson, Paul Loren (eds.).
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Ruegg, David Seyfort (1981). The Literature of the Madhyamaka School of Philosophy in India. (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz), 95n308.
7832:
as Interpreted by Fazang 法藏 (643–712): A Comparative Reflection on "Creator" and "Creation" 法藏(643–712)筆下《華嚴經》中的盧舍那:談佛教中的創世者和創世
5192:), since shentong describes the buddha-mind as ultimately real, while rangtong rejects this (fearing it will be confused as an
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8902:
8409:
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6394:. (NB: with an "Introduction" by T. O. Ling.) New York, NY, USA: Charles Scribner's Sons. SBN 684-12763-6 (trade cloth) p.240
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1336:
1108:
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Shirõ, Matsumoto (1997). "The Doctrine of Tathagata-garbha Is Not Buddhist". In Hubbard, Jamie; Swanson, Paul Loren (eds.).
7712:
Shuman Chen. Buddha-Nature of Insentient Beings. Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 2nd ed., vol. 1, pp. 208–212, 2014
7599:
6671:
Nakamura, Hajime (1999), Indian Buddhism: A Survey With Bibliographical Notes, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, p. 190
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The conditional causes of attaining Buddhahood, which is the aspect of the practices and activities that lead to Buddhahood.
2901:
Takasaki Jikido notes various buddha nature treatises which exist only in Chinese and which are similar in some ways to the
2091:
an embryonic tathagata inside. In both cases, this embryonic tathagata still has to be developed. Zimmermann concludes that
957:, the concept of Buddha-nature is equally important and often studied through the key Indian treatise on Buddha-nature, the
10409:
10251:
9386:
Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 1998
8413:
5768:, i.e. a compound XY meaning a type of Y which is related to X in a way corresponding to one of the grammatical cases of X.
4772:). Another early figure, Chaba Chokyi Senge (1109–1169) also argued that buddha-nature was a non-implicative negation. The
1843:
8662:
Noriaki, Hakamaya (1997). "Critical Philosophy Versus Topical Philosophy". In Hubbard, Jamie; Swanson, Paul Loren (eds.).
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12586:
9392:. Tokyo: The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology, Soka University. pp. 143–168. Archived from
4626:, to the new Kamakura schools. One of the most important developments of buddha-nature thought in Japanese Buddhism was
3285:) was very influential in the development of Chinese Buddhism While the text is traditionally attributed to the Indian
2552:). This sutra states that there is no increase or decrease in the “realm (or domain, or element) of (sentient) beings” (
12483:
12033:
10128:
8159:
7748:
3940:
3277:
898:, reshaping the worship of physical relics of the historical Buddha into worship of the inner Buddha as a principle of
697:
143:
100:
1373:
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9455:
9161:
9110:
8832:
8798:
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7625:
7551:
7362:
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6237:
6206:
5959:
4489:, buddha-nature tends to be seen as the essential nature of all beings, while also emphasizing that buddha-nature is
4391:
3955:
3422:
school is one of the first native Chinese doctrinal schools, and the primary figure of this tradition is the scholar
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12576:
9093:
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2259:(which has various parallels) which states that the mind is luminous but "is defiled by incoming defilements." The
12261:
12006:
9004:
8563:
7253:
A Study on the Ratnagotravibhāga (Uttaratantra) Being a Treatise on the Tathāgatagarbha Theory of Mahāyāna Buddhism
5634:
Naked now, the master gazed at the moon. "Poor man," he sighed, "How I wish I could give him this glorious moon." (
5204:
Modern scholarship points to the various possible interpretations of buddha-nature as either an essential self, as
5100:
1692:
7703:
Swanson, Paul L, T'ien-t'ai Chih-i's Concept of Threefold Buddha Nature-A Synergy of Reality, Wisdom, and Practice
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and Its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sutra and Tantra, Snow Lion, Boston & London, 2014, page 66.
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and Its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sutra and Tantra, Snow Lion, Boston & London, 2014, page 57.
6056:
5642:
3499:. In the Huayan tradition, the ultimate principle is associated with buddha-nature, and with the One Mind of the
1836:
9228:
Approaching the Great Perfection: Simultaneous and Gradual Methods of Dzogchen Practice in the Longchen Nyingtig
8072:
6995:
6657:
Shiro, Matsumoto (1997). "The Lotus Sutra and Japanese Culture". In Hubbard, Jamie; Swanson, Paul Loren (eds.).
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1256:
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11944:
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8424:
Scheidegger, Daniel (2007: p.27). 'Different Sets of Light-Channels in the Instruction Series of Rdzogs chen'.
7414:
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and Its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sutra and Tantra, Snow Lion, Boston & London, 2014, p. 66.
3945:
3911:
2990:
the storehouse consciousness "is nothing but emptiness that is taught through the term 'alaya-consciousness.'"
2153:
849:, and is eternal and unchanging. It will shine forth when it is cleansed of the defilements, that is, when the
8954:
2788:
2581:
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12266:
11949:
10241:
10074:
9558:
The Buddha Within: Tathagatagarbha Doctrine According to the Shentong Interpretation of the Ratnagotravibhaga
9383:
Zimmermann, Michael (1999). "The Tathagatagarbhasutra: Its Basic Structure and Relation to the Lotus Sutra".
7901:
1970:), but as "embryonic essence", "kernel" or "heart". The term "heart" was also used by Mongolian translators.
626:
321:
39:
17:
9295:
Shirō, Matsumoto (1997). "Tathagata-Garbha is not Buddhist". In Hubbard, Jamie; Swanson, Paul Loren (eds.).
5278:ō, 批判仏教), have been critical of buddha-nature thought. According to Matsumoto Shirõ and Hakamaya Noriaki of
3891:
3519:, the entire universe is a manifestation of the one nature, and it is also fully interfused with its source.
2658:
1281:
1068:
12151:
12023:
11994:
11696:
7019:
5903:
The monk returned to the Patriarch and reported what has happened. "The plum is ripe." said the Patriarch."
4525:
sutras as provisional and saw the awareness which is buddha-nature as the definitive teaching of Buddhism.
2308:. Even if his body cannot exhaust defilements in this life, In his next life he will attain supreme wisdom.
715:
571:
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10379:
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9834:
9819:
9005:"The Tathagatagarbha Theory Reconsidered. Reflections on Some Recent Issues in Japanese Buddhist Studies"
8293:
7186:
When the Clouds Part, The Uttaratantra and Its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sutra and Tantra,
4646:
3742:
2728:
2372:
2276:
2223:
2011:
1366:
1313:
1202:
11386:
7805:
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When the Clouds Part, The Uttaratantra and Its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sutra and Tantra
4513:(780–841), who was also a patriarch of Huayan, interpreted buddha-nature as "empty tranquil awareness" (
3935:
2645:'s seven main vajra topics. It explicitly points out that the nature of the minds of sentient beings is
2397:
states that the tathāgatagarbha is like the grain of rice contained inside of the husk of the rice plant
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12171:
11647:
11133:
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10089:
9702:
8996:
Introduction by Jeffrey Hopkins. In: His Holiness the Dalai Lama: Kalachakra Tantra. Rite of Initiation
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CHIH-MIEN ADRIAN TSENG, A COMPARISON OF THE CONCEPTS OF BUDDHA-NATURE AND DAO-NATURE OF MEDIEVAL CHINA.
4465:
3145:
Around 300 CE, the Yogācāra school systematized the prevalent ideas on the nature of the Buddha in the
2991:
2794:
2415:
1974:
846:
758:
11581:
9934:
9419:. Tokyo: The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology, Soka University. Archived from
5589:
of the “inner” luminosity (nang gsal) of the ground which forms the innermost part or “heart“ (tsitta
5111:
The union of wisdom and emptiness is the essence of Buddha-hood or what is called Buddha-nature (Skt.
4559:
A famous reference to buddha-nature in the Chan tradition is found in the influential koan called the
4306:
3134:. The concept of the ālaya-vijñāna originally meant defiled consciousness: defiled by the workings of
1737:
12581:
12394:
12384:
12256:
11239:
10819:
10580:
10555:
9653:
9173:
6591:
3087:, and Asvabhava), if they refer to the term tathāgatagarbha at all, always explain it as nothing but
1502:
850:
446:
10605:
8538:
The Buddha from Dolpo: A Study of the Life and Thought of the Tibetan Master Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen
6909:, edited by Jonathan Silk, Oskar von Hinüber, and Vincent Eltschinger, 261–273. Leiden: Brill, 2015.
3026:
puts forward the Madhyamaka interpretation of the buddha-nature as emptiness in the following terms:
2710:
doctrine was also widely discussed by Indian Mahayana scholars in treatises or commentaries, called
2366:
details that the potential to become enlightened is universal among all people, even the historical
1053:
256:
12686:
12038:
11852:
11830:
11823:
11726:
11259:
10879:
10695:
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9062:
Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey. In Antonio S. Cua (ed.): Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy
8306:
5937:
4773:
4419:
4068:
3665:
3628:
3367:
2828:
2184:, but is not an exact translation of this term. It refers to what is essential in the human being.
451:
401:
8005:
5867:, "the base of it all", the samsaric basis of consciousness, of all the samsaric appearances; and
5282:, essentialist conceptions of buddha-nature are at odds with the fundamental Buddhist doctrine of
4414:
3375:
3320:, the cycle of birth and death, defilement and ignorance). This text was in line with an essay by
1043:
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12603:
11934:
11914:
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11401:
10645:
7806:
The Manifestation of the Absolute in the Phenomenal World: Nature Origination in Huayan Exegesis.
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4291:
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611:
9420:
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theory (本覚, innate or original enlightenment) which developed within the Tendai school from the
3206:
in the early fifth century and this text became the central source of buddha-nature doctrine in
3156:
The Yogācāra school also had a doctrine of "gotra" (lineage, family) which held that there were
938:
12742:
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12141:
12111:
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11676:
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11619:
11381:
11202:
11099:
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10846:
10595:
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The Great Perfection (rDzogs chen): A Philosophical and Meditative Teaching of Tibetan Buddhism
6715:(2009). "Interpreting the Lotus Sutra". In Teiser, Stephen F.; Stone, Jacqueline Ilyse (eds.).
5765:
5353:
5262:. Later after taking up the Buddhist path, they would be introduced to the truth of emptiness.
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4018:
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7255:(Rome Oriental Series 33). Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, pp. 45–52.
4853:
Yeshe De describes the sugatagarbha as twofold. It is the impure mind of sentient beings, the
4311:
4003:
3107:
2602:) – Describes buddha nature as luminous and pure, as eternal, everlasting, peaceful and self (
1982:
1662:
1288:
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12608:
12189:
12121:
11954:
11869:
11864:
11788:
11783:
11701:
10231:
9696:
7671:"Philosophical Aspects of Sixth-Century Chinese Buddhist Debates on “Mind and Consciousness”"
5283:
4988:
4906:
4824:
Morten Ostensen writes that the buddha-nature teaching (also known as "sugatagarbha", Wylie:
4760:
that buddha-nature is a non-implicative negation, which is to say that it is emptiness, as a
4458:
4033:
3243:
3157:
3138:. It was also seen as the mūla-vijñāna, the base-consciousness or "stream of consciousness" (
3119:
2691:
2682:
2474:), though it also attempts to argue that this claim is not incompatible with the teaching of
2264:
2260:
1817:
1602:
1352:
1303:
926:
631:
621:
576:
11254:
4301:
2470:. The sutra also presents the buddha-nature or tathagatagarbha as a "Self" or a true self (
2122:
also means "womb/matrix" and "seed/embryo," and "the innermost part of something." The term
1652:
12661:
12628:
12613:
12131:
12028:
11974:
11859:
11798:
11766:
11761:
11746:
11731:
11721:
11686:
11599:
11291:
11214:
10517:
10457:
10206:
10173:
10123:
9968:
9829:
9824:
9646:
9497:
9207:
5820:
5500:
5433:
meanings which are embraced in turn by other texts". He goes on to point out that the term
5331:
thought, accepted that Buddha nature theories are similar to Upanishadic theories and that
4877:
4828:
in Tibetan tantric sources), first entered Tibetan Buddhism through the translation of the
4565:
3785:
3398:. In formulating his view, Jizang was influenced by the earlier Chinese Madhyamaka thinker
2610:
2594:
2341:, but the idea of "a universal penetration of sentient beings by the wisdom of the Buddha (
1822:
1812:
1807:
1464:
1078:
641:
601:
596:
561:
406:
286:
194:
179:
123:
95:
12501:
11116:
10985:
10911:
10787:
10525:
9904:
9814:
5635:
5515:
4008:
3094:
Some later Yogacara scholars spoke of the tathāgatagarbha in more positive terms, such as
2750:
2715:
2641:
959:
8:
12762:
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12347:
12181:
12156:
12146:
12106:
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11939:
11899:
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11808:
11736:
11663:
11094:
10951:
10732:
10710:
10662:
10482:
10282:
10138:
10118:
9978:
8525:
Mountain Doctrine: Tibet's Fundamental Treatise on Other-Emptiness and the Buddha-Matrix.
8512:
Mountain Doctrine: Tibet's Fundamental Treatise on Other-Emptiness and the Buddha-Matrix.
7949:
5739:-center, not the domain of beings who adhere to wayward views. Is the intrinsically pure
5388:, who "emphasizes the underlying ontological ground on which all phenomenal appearances (
5279:
4376:
4023:
3321:
3231:
3197:
2922:
and attributed to Saramati (the same author which the Chinese tradition states wrote the
2459:
2401:
2071:
may also mean the interior or center of something, and its essence or central part. As a
1782:
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1263:
1048:
946:
910:
822:
711:
651:
606:
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421:
366:
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116:
105:
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9899:
8086:
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5345:
5193:
4894:
school view of buddha-nature is generally marked by the tendency to align the idea with
3044:
2431:) within themselves, but do not recognize it because it is covered over by afflictions.
2296:
2195:, and the cause of the Buddha. The link between the cause and the result is the nature (
1197:
1088:
12531:
12436:
12278:
12241:
12236:
12166:
12116:
12063:
12058:
11929:
11924:
11919:
11909:
11894:
11879:
11874:
11813:
11793:
11756:
11681:
11486:
11187:
11111:
10989:
10931:
10772:
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10600:
10575:
10221:
10151:
9844:
9489:
9276:
9119:
Bielefeldt, Carl (2015), "A Discussion of Seated Zen", in Lopez, Jr., Donald S. (ed.),
9069:
8844:
Wayman, Alex (1981). The Title and Textual Affiliation of the Guhya-garbha Tantra. In:
7971:
7675:
A Distant Mirror Articulating Indic Ideas in Sixth and Seventh Century Chinese Buddhism
7456:
5842:), but it is defiled by defilements which arrive". AN 1.49–52 gives a similar statement
5730:
takes on various meanings, depending on its context. They translate a passage from the
5005:
4834:
4654:
4444:
4381:
3805:
3341:
3215:
2267:) which serves as the basic layer of the mind and which is held to have a self-nature (
2250:
1802:
1767:
1429:
1359:
842:
636:
616:
556:
551:
439:
341:
334:
261:
251:
158:
58:
12330:
5520:
5315:)." Matsumoto further argues that: "Tathagatagarbha thought was a Buddhist version of
5181:), "other-empty", an essential nature which is "pure radiant non-dual consciousness".
3394:," "wisdom, '' "ultimate reality," "middle way" and also the wisdom that contemplates
2994:
states that this statement is referencing the tathāgatagarbha doctrine. Candrakirti's
2409:
uses the image of a Buddha within a lotus flower as a metaphor for the tathāgatagarbha
45:
35:
12767:
12757:
12752:
12709:
12671:
12367:
12352:
12315:
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12073:
11989:
11904:
11741:
11706:
11691:
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11089:
10936:
10921:
10792:
10715:
10635:
10570:
10502:
10389:
10146:
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9627:
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9451:
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9177:
9157:
9106:
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8962:
8916:
8898:
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7957:
7744:
7621:
7547:
7410:
7358:
6720:
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has up to six possible connotations. Of these, he says the three most important are:
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4922:
4862:
4789:
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4142:
4063:
3906:
3886:
3443:
Thus, for Zhiyi, buddha-nature has three aspects which he bases on passages from the
3173:
2300:(though here it is used in a different way than in later texts). The passage states:
2171:
1792:
1777:
1772:
1755:
1434:
1345:
1295:
975:
834:
738:
683:
581:
566:
371:
246:
189:
153:
138:
69:
11653:
10447:
10347:
9929:
9794:
8402:
Mipham's Beacon of Certainty: Illuminating the View of Dzochen, the Great Perfection
8038:
4338:
4232:
3703:
2662:(compiled 350–400 CE) synthesized the tathāgatagarbha doctrine and teachings of the
1172:
12357:
12310:
12305:
12161:
12126:
12101:
12096:
11847:
11803:
11716:
11391:
11047:
11040:
10824:
10814:
10700:
10364:
10236:
9481:
9268:
8033:
7813:
7448:
6712:
5753:
5405:
5243:
According to Heng-Ching Shih, buddha-nature does not represent a substantial self (
5226:
Buddhist scholar and chronicler, Merv Fowler, writes that "the main message of the
5104:
4727:
4669:
4623:
4434:
4167:
3346:
3247:
3207:
2471:
2329:
2255:
1787:
1760:
1627:
1444:
1424:
1248:
1212:
954:
867:
826:
723:
646:
591:
521:
511:
376:
57:
of Buddha-nature, which is always shining but can be hidden or covered over by the
11436:
9618:"Nirvana Sutra": full text of "Nirvana Sutra", plus appreciation of its teachings.
8022:"Medieval Tendai hongaku thought and the new Kamakura Buddhism: A reconsideration"
5166:
3503:
This ultimate nature is seen as the ontological source and ground of all phenomena
3475:, to argue for the idea that insentient rocks and plants also have buddha-nature.
3286:
3095:
2811:
Thusness defiled is the Tathagatagarbha, and Thusness undefiled is Enlightenment.
1492:
12721:
12666:
12618:
12546:
12416:
12214:
12194:
12136:
12048:
11711:
11609:
11456:
11192:
11175:
11160:
11138:
10690:
10560:
10394:
10374:
9892:
9393:
8163:
7603:
7596:
7531:
5316:
5220:
5185:
5148:
5089:
4631:
4596:
4503:
4328:
4073:
3998:
3780:
3541:
3005:
2893:, stating that "the luminous nature of the mind Is unchanging, just like space."
2419:(200–250 CE) is the earliest buddha-nature text. Zimmerman argues that "the term
1732:
1667:
1507:
1225:
1207:
1192:
1083:
1063:
818:
671:
586:
386:
296:
241:
11466:
10620:
10610:
9753:
9728:
9193:"Review Article: The Mahaparinirvana Sutra and the Origins of Mahayana Buddhism"
7068:
5936:
The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
5096:
and Dolpopa but at times blends their positions with the Third Karmapa's view).
4998:
4993:. The Sakya scholar Rongtön (1367–1449) meanwhile, argued that buddha-nature is
4490:
3752:
3471:
would expand the Tiantai view of buddha-nature, which he saw as synonymous with
3308:
the "one mind" has two aspects, namely "the aspect of enlightenment," (which is
3227:
3150:
3017:
2963:
1527:
914:
236:
12676:
12379:
12229:
12011:
11591:
11571:
11491:
11180:
11170:
11104:
10941:
10427:
10290:
10013:
9998:
9773:
9758:
8846:
From Mahayana Buddhism to Tantra – Felicitation Volume for Dr Shunkyo Matsumata
6617:
Buddhist Sects of the Small Vehicle (Les Sectes Bouddhiques du Petit Véhicule),
5941:
5874:
5653:
5610:
5385:
4882:
4794:
4522:
4510:
4396:
4333:
4191:
4157:
4112:
3950:
3874:
3841:
3737:
3200:. The buddha-nature idea was introduced into China with the translation of the
2191:. It has two meanings, namely the nature of the Buddha, equivalent to the term
1797:
1712:
1469:
1233:
1132:
1033:
887:
531:
461:
416:
274:
7670:
6075:"Why They Say Zen is Not Buddhism: Recent Japanese Critiques of Buddha-Nature"
5311:) or basis is the cause that produces the manifold phenomena or "super-loci" (
4677:
3316:
3314:, suchness, the true nature of things), and "the aspect of nonenlightenment" (
2949:, which according to Takasaki "is clearly a composition based upon the Ratna."
2561:
12736:
12446:
12295:
11604:
11506:
11364:
11165:
11143:
11079:
10750:
10545:
10432:
10101:
9973:
9858:
9839:
9763:
9543:
Luminous Heart: The Third Karmapa on Consciousness, Wisdom, and Buddha Nature
9507:
Buddhist Philosophy, Chinese. In: Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Index
9130:
Buddhist Philosophy, Chinese. In: Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Index
8292:
Ostensen, Morten (2019). Introduction to Dzogchen and Buddha-Nature. Source:
7606:. In E. Craig (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge.
5128:
5024:
4971:
4960:
4690:
4560:
4486:
4172:
4162:
4147:
4137:
4132:
4107:
4043:
4013:
3988:
3846:
3775:
3596:
3349:
to explain the tathāgatagarbha (also called "the dharma of the one mind" and
3325:
3054:
3013:
2890:
2646:
2528:
2242:
2073:
1990:
1986:
1697:
1682:
1622:
1454:
1414:
1157:
1098:
1038:
830:
356:
351:
291:
54:
10904:
10894:
10266:
8154:
7817:
5893:
Fach'ang said, "Ma-tsu told me that mind is Buddha; so I came to live here."
3861:
2871:
2820:
2819:, the tathāgatagarbha is seen as having three specific characteristics: (1)
2375:
and thus several scholars theorize that it was an influence on these texts.
2192:
496:
301:
12536:
12521:
12491:
12441:
12431:
12273:
12068:
11561:
11396:
11274:
11062:
11057:
10884:
10755:
10630:
10091:
9941:
8711:
Shiro Matsumoto, Critiques of Tathagatagarbha Thought and Critical Buddhism
8057:
Original enlightenment and the transformation of medieval Japanese Buddhism
6857:, pp. 101–102. (Hamburg Buddhist Studies Vol. 5), Hamburg University Press.
6199:
Complete Enlightenment: Zen Comments on the Sutra of Complete Enlightenment
5540:
5401:
5189:
5107:
sees the Buddha-nature as the indivisible oneness of wisdom and emptiness:
4994:
4983:
4673:
4580:
4549:
4537:
4323:
4247:
4152:
4058:
3604:
3552:
3507:
This is a key idea in Huayan thought which is called "nature-origination" (
3472:
3383:
3310:
3112:
3103:
3088:
2983:
1722:
1707:
1547:
396:
281:
199:
85:
11319:
11304:
11264:
10961:
10625:
10201:
9272:
8886:
Sun-Face Buddha. The Teachings of Ma-tsu and the Hung-chou School of Ch'an
8305:
Mandelbaum, Arthur (2007). Nanam Yeshe De, The Treasury of Lives. Source:
6057:
The Significance Of 'Tathagatagarbha' – A Positive Expression Of 'Sunyata'
5758:
5061:
2967:
2838:, all sentient beings have "the embryo of the Tathagata" in three senses:
1892:
1537:
1333:
1301:
1269:
1246:
12506:
12335:
11476:
11461:
11244:
11052:
10980:
10760:
10590:
10492:
10339:
10211:
9743:
9709:
9669:
9450:
Sallie, B. King: Buddha Nature, State University of New York Press 1991,
9306:
The Buddhist handbook. A Complete Guide to Buddhist Teaching and Practice
9082:"The Doctrine of the Buddha-Nature in the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra"
8104:
8021:
6855:
The Mahāparinivāṇa-mahasūtra and the Emergence of Tathagatagarba Doctrine
5717:
Kevin Trainor: "a sacred nature that is the basis for becoming buddhas."
5525:
5141:
4979:
4844:
4739:
4102:
4038:
4028:
3993:
3901:
3831:
3720:
3612:
3444:
3431:
3387:
3178:
2627:
2354:
2234:
2147:
2099:, meaning "containing a tathagata", but notes the variety of meanings of
1994:
1582:
1557:
1542:
1239:
1182:
1125:
1008:
883:
466:
12496:
10956:
9016:
8571:
5888:
The Patriarch replied, "Mind is Buddha." Fa-ch'ang had great awakening.
5270:
Several contemporary Japanese Buddhist scholars, headed under the label
5173:, "self-empty", or Prasaṅgika point of view, the Rimé movement supports
4768:) that does not imply that anything is left un-negated (in terms of its
4689:
Buddha-nature was likewise influential for the other sects of Zen, like
3487:. The Huayan tradition heavily relied on buddha nature sources like the
2241:
is grounded on sayings by the Buddha that there is something called the
1137:
12451:
12409:
12285:
12091:
12016:
11630:
11614:
11576:
11556:
11451:
11426:
11334:
11269:
11249:
10995:
10926:
10797:
10680:
10650:
10585:
10535:
10193:
10183:
10156:
9873:
9851:
9493:
9376:
Mahayanism: A Critical Exposition of the Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra
7460:
7091:
O'Neill, Alexander James; Dharmacakṣus, Āloka; Patton, Charles (2023).
6797:
5303:
which he rejects as un-buddhist is: "It is the theory that the single (
5011:
According to Brunnholzl, in the works of the influential Sakya scholar
4910:
4902:
4635:
4499:
4279:
4127:
3983:
3826:
3790:
3725:
3698:
3272:
one of the most influential buddha-nature works in East Asian Buddhism.
3234:. This idea was often interpreted as being similar to the ideas of the
3139:
3131:
3084:
3080:
3035:
2959:
2941:
2937:
2919:
2586:
2565:
2132:
1907:
means "the one thus gone", referring to the Buddha. It is composed of "
1702:
1612:
1597:
1522:
1517:
1394:
1142:
1121:
1018:
1013:
922:
762:
471:
231:
128:
11471:
10467:
10003:
8331:. Second Edition. Volume II. Boston: Brill's Tibetan Studies Library.
8294:
https://archive.org/details/introduction-to-dzogchen-and-buddha-nature
8122:
6907:
Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Volume One: Literature and Languages
5039:
school, whose foremost historical figure was the Tibetan scholar-monk
3708:
3427:
3391:
2847:
2524:
1532:
1073:
817:
Buddha-nature has a wide range of (sometimes conflicting) meanings in
12426:
12399:
11566:
11441:
11153:
11069:
10946:
10836:
10809:
10802:
10765:
10722:
10685:
10452:
10417:
10384:
10359:
10314:
9958:
9953:
9878:
9863:
9809:
7677:. Hamburg Buddhist Studies, 3 Hamburg: Hamburg University Press 2014.
5852:
5510:
5455:
5093:
4939:
4730:
scholastics, there are two main camps of interpreting buddha-nature:
4603:
4599:
4576:
4348:
4343:
4264:
4215:
4048:
3693:
3620:
3072:
3039:
2827:, and (3) disposition, as well as the general characteristic (4) non-
2687:
2670:(storehouse consciousness) and the "three natures". According to the
2663:
2367:
2207:
2083:
1727:
1487:
1439:
1177:
1167:
1162:
1147:
1093:
802:
516:
491:
50:
12199:
11035:
10889:
10655:
10437:
10306:
10298:
9993:
9948:
9919:
9485:
9103:
The Story of Buddhism: a concise guide to its history & teaching
8685:
7995:. Translated by Tom Graham. New York: Weatherhill. pp. 152–153.
7774:
https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/buddhism-huayan/
7452:
7093:
The Great Collection Sūtra: A Translation of the Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra
3851:
3670:
2475:
2263:
school coupled this idea with the idea of the "root consciousness" (
2053:
Wayman & Hideko also point out that the Chinese regularly takes
1657:
1587:
12716:
12556:
12511:
12456:
12421:
12325:
11984:
11551:
11546:
11496:
11431:
11349:
11314:
11309:
10970:
10841:
10829:
10740:
10399:
10096:
10046:
9923:
9913:
9804:
6619:
Translated from the French by Gelongma Migme Chodron (2005), p. 56.
5856:
5652:, pp. 61–65), in the famous story of the verse-contest in the
5572:
This triune is indivisible and iconographically represented by the
5324:
5320:
5255:
4949:
4895:
4873:
4840:
4806:
4700:
4353:
3747:
3680:
3524:
3399:
2896:
2824:
2623:
1647:
1572:
1497:
1449:
1399:
1187:
983:
934:
769:
766:
748:
526:
506:
501:
381:
77:
11541:
11531:
11516:
11339:
11209:
10477:
10008:
8864:
The Buddha Nature. A Study of the Tathagatagarbha and Alayavijnana
7905:
7616:
Hsieh, Ding-Hwa (2004). "Awakening Of Faith (Dasheng Qixin Lun)".
5899:
The monk said, "Nowadays he also says, 'Neither mind nor Buddha."'
4780:
by holding that Buddha- nature was a nonimplicative negation. The
4252:
4237:
4053:
3115:, ‘shining forth’), which is the capacity to appear (pratibhāsa).
2304:
If someone devotes himself to the Ekottarikagama, Then he has the
1677:
1642:
1632:
1592:
814:
can mean "buddha-element", "buddha-realm", or "buddha-substrate".
31:
12461:
12404:
12389:
11536:
11526:
11501:
11376:
11371:
11329:
11299:
11231:
11197:
11084:
11025:
11020:
10874:
10777:
10615:
10565:
10352:
10178:
10034:
9798:
9170:
The Lotus Sutra: A Contemporary Translation of a Buddhist Classic
8877:
and Its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sutra and Tantra
7620:. Vol. 1. New York: MacMillan Reference USA. pp. 38–9.
5573:
5505:
5471:
5323:
gradually introduced into Buddhism, especially after the rise of
5259:
5205:
5012:
4935:
4891:
4829:
4662:
4658:
4627:
4541:
4529:
4429:
4122:
4117:
3821:
3800:
3795:
3650:
3468:
3419:
3350:
3219:
3146:
3135:
2771:
2741:
2711:
2358:, written between 100 BCE and 200 CE, also does not use the term
1637:
1567:
1562:
1459:
1404:
1103:
1058:
206:
11148:
10916:
9634:"The Textual Transmission of the Mahayana Mahaparinirvana-sutra"
8307:
https://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Yeshe-De/TBRC_p8205
7835:
3576:
3162:
12541:
12526:
12362:
12224:
12204:
11979:
11641:
11521:
11511:
11446:
11074:
11030:
11015:
11005:
10975:
10899:
10782:
10550:
10422:
10166:
10161:
10040:
9909:
9617:
8083:
The Collected Works of Shinran, 1997, Jodo Shinshu Hongwanji-ha
7579:
7577:
5535:
5414:
5287:
5036:
4872:
The teaching of buddha-nature is also a key source for Tibetan
4798:
4619:
4548:, is transformed into the "bright mirror wisdom". According to
4533:
4517:), which he took from the Ho-tse school of Chan. Following the
4439:
4424:
4274:
4242:
4210:
3810:
3675:
3516:
3484:
3379:
3214:, it was initially understood through comparing it with native
3161:
practice (行佛性). The latter nature was determined by the innate
3076:
2686:
is another sutra which synthesizes Yogācāra doctrines like the
2163:
1672:
1607:
1577:
1512:
1409:
942:
899:
829:
literature. Broadly speaking, it refers to the belief that the
666:
221:
216:
211:
174:
9638:
8767:
Lusthaus, Dan, Critical Buddhism and Returning to the Sources.
8624:. State University of New York Press: p. 104, p. 353
6889:
6887:
2389:
2249:), "which is only adventitiously covered over by defilements (
12681:
12516:
12374:
12340:
12320:
12290:
12219:
11636:
11481:
11359:
11354:
11324:
11279:
11126:
11121:
11000:
10705:
10530:
10497:
10487:
9768:
8978:
An introduction to Buddhism. Teachings, history and practices
8597:
Which states that all existences are empty of a "self-nature"
7743:. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing. pp. 80–87.
7741:
Readings in Later Chinese Philosophy: Han to the 20th century
6757:
6745:
6168:
6166:
6164:
6162:
5834:
5743:-center, not the domain of beings who deviate from voidness".
5661:
5614:
5530:
5335:
is an accurate expression of the structure of these doctrines
5084:
4975:
4802:
4781:
4521:, he interpreted the theory of emptiness as presented in the
4269:
4227:
4205:
3770:
3423:
3211:
2733:
1717:
1617:
1552:
1028:
854:
456:
9086:
Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies
8564:"Buddha Nature and Buddhahood: the Mahayana and Tantra Yana"
8482:
8480:
8478:
8476:
8474:
8461:
8459:
8437:
Sherab, Khenchen Palden and Dongyal, Khenpo Tsewang (2006).
8269:
8230:
8220:
8218:
8216:
8214:
7574:
7521:
Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies
6404:
6402:
6400:
3515:
According to this doctrine defended by Huayan thinkers like
2694:(storehouse consciousness) with the tathāgatagarbha teaching
2447:
Another important and early source for buddha-nature is the
12551:
11344:
11010:
10507:
8247:
8245:
7292:
7282:
7280:
7267:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7235:
7233:
6884:
6517:
6515:
6513:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6368:
6230:
Mipam on Buddha-Nature: The Ground of the Nyingma Tradition
6134:
6132:
6130:
6128:
6126:
5485:), which provides beings with the possibility of awakening.
4645:
Hongaku thought was also influential on the development of
3816:
2622:
this sutra also teaches the eternity of Buddhas (and their
7768:
Van Norden, Bryan and Nicholaos Jones, "Huayan Buddhism",
7519:
Nattier, Jan. The Heart Sūtra: A Chinese Apocryphal Text?
6679:
6677:
6627:
6625:
6532:
6530:
6159:
5819:" in other languages (Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese), see
5609:
The image of the moon as the Buddha-nature comes from the
5344:" does not necessarily mean substratum (he points to some
3246:
in Chinese philosophy and developed into what was called "
2423:
itself seems to have been coined in this very sutra." The
2378:
12209:
10745:
8543:
8540:, State University of New York Press, Albany, 1999, p. 87
8492:
8471:
8456:
8444:
8364:
8352:
8211:
8199:
6397:
6028:"Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra (Buddha-nature, Tsadra Foundation)"
5990:
5988:
5625:("On the Moon as One's Excellent Nature"). Compare also:
5392:) are based, which he variously refers to as the nature (
4661:, equated buddha-nature with the central Shin concept of
4614:
traditions all take the idea of buddha-nature (Japanese:
3591:
3566:
3235:
2842:
the Tathāgata's dharmakāya permeates all sentient beings;
2427:
states that all beings already have perfect Buddha body (
2253:)." The luminous mind is mentioned in a passage from the
1981:
as used by Indian Buddhist scholars generally: (1) As an
1419:
9590:
Pruning the Bodhi Tree: The Storm over Critical Buddhism
9297:
Pruning the Bodhi Tree: The Storm Over Critical Buddhism
8723:
Pruning the Bodhi Tree: The Storm Over Critical Buddhism
8664:
Pruning the Bodhi Tree: The Storm Over Critical Buddhism
8649:
Pruning the Bodhi Tree: The Storm Over Critical Buddhism
8257:
8242:
7564:
7562:
7560:
7329:
7304:
7277:
7258:
7230:
6809:
6733:
6659:
Pruning the Bodhi Tree: The Storm Over Critical Buddhism
6510:
6498:
6486:
6365:
6123:
5973:
5895:
The monk said, "Ma-tsu's teaching has changed recently."
5481:
the womb or matrix of Buddhahood existing in all beings
2962:
philosophers interpreted the theory as a description of
2889:
This text also explains the tathāgatagarbha in terms of
8063:. A Kuroda Institute book: University of Hawaii Press.
7673:, pp. 337–395 in: Chen-kuo Lin / Michael Radich (eds.)
7386:
7069:"The Teaching on the Great Compassion of the Tathāgata"
6785:
6674:
6622:
6574:
6572:
6542:
6527:
6474:
6431:
6429:
6295:
6293:
6113:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6105:
6103:
5441:
an underlying ontological reality or essential nature (
3483:
The other major native Chinese doctrinal school is the
2500:
2203:
nature of the Buddha," or "the essence of the Buddha."
7208:
7206:
7166:
6464:
6462:
6460:
6458:
6456:
6355:
6353:
6351:
6349:
6196:
6007:
6005:
6003:
5985:
4930:) and "natural perfection" or "spontaneous presence" (
3188:
The doctrines associated with buddha-nature (Chinese:
2736:, a symbol of indestructibility, which is used in the
752:
742:
9606:
The Interpretation of Buddha-nature in Chan Tradition
8953:, New York: Columbia University Press, archived from
8561:
8174:; pp.3 – 5 (On Attaining Buddhahood in This Lifetime)
7888:
Tracing Back the Radiance: Chinul's Korean Way of Zen
7772:(Winter 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL =
7557:
7494:
7492:
7144:
7142:
7102:
6336:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6328:
6280:
6278:
6276:
6088:
5247:). Rather, it is a positive expression of emptiness (
5156:
original clear light as absolute truth really exists.
4843:(mid 8th – early 9th century). One of these works is
3356:
3332:
and the idea of the defilement of the luminous mind.
3257:
2870:
equates enlightenment with the nirvāṇa-realm and the
2345:)," is seen by some scholars as complementary to the
949:, which relies on key Buddha-nature sources like the
727:
8825:
Existence and Enlightenment in the Laṅkāvatāra-sūtra
8791:
Existence and Enlightenment in the Laṅkāvatāra-sūtra
7218:
7191:
7127:
7099:, p. xxii. Dharmakāya Books. ISBN 978-1-7394725-0-4.
6872:
6860:
6597:
6569:
6559:
6557:
6426:
6414:
6326:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6316:
6314:
6312:
6310:
6308:
6290:
6149:
6147:
6100:
5071:
Cyrus Stearns writes that Dolpopa's attitude to the
4552:, the Zen view of buddha-nature can be found in the
866:(2nd century CE), which was very influential in the
8883:
7841:
7203:
6925:
6719:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 22.
6689:
6453:
6346:
6232:. State University of New York Press. p. XIV.
6000:
5265:
3434:. Swanson argues that for Zhiyi, buddha-nature is:
3196:) were extremely influential in the development of
2289:writes that the first probable mention of the term
2199:) which is common to both, namely the dharmadhātu.
2081:a "womb" for or "container" of the tathagata. As a
9588:Hubbard, Jamie; Swanson, Paul Loren, eds. (1997),
9574:The essence of Zen. The Teachings of Sekkei Harada
8895:Zen Buddhism: A History. Volume 1: India and China
8686:"Buddha-nature, Critical Buddhism, and Early Chan"
8105:The English Buddhist Dictionary Committee (2002).
7489:
7139:
6972:"Anūnatvāpūrṇatvanirdeśaparivarta – Buddha-Nature"
6905:Radich, Michael. "Tathāgatagarbha Scriptures." In
6441:
6273:
5815:For the various equivalents of the Sanskrit term "
5295:. The Buddha nature doctrines which they label as
9711:Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma
7922:. Berkeley, CA.: Shambala publications: Part I:
6554:
6305:
6144:
6051:
6049:
6047:
5764:(तत्पुरुष) compound is a dependent determinative
2585:(2nd c. CE) – Features the mass murderer convert
2523:along with other key Mahayana doctrines like the
2028:"embryonic tathāgata", the incipient Buddha, the
12734:
8714:
7954:The Gateless Barrier: The Wu-men Kuan (Mumonkan)
7847:
7738:
5632:The baffled thief took the clothes and vanished.
5372:"tacitly concedes the non-Buddhist roots of the
4685:because it is impermanent, is the Buddha nature.
3374:In contrast with the Chinese Yogacara view, the
2936:, Taishō 1610), said to have been translated by
2897:Other possible Indian treatises on buddha-nature
2862:, a synonym for tathagatagarbha) occurs in them.
2568:and is equated with the “originally pure mind” (
2535:of limitless buddha qualities. Furthermore, the
2505:Other important tathāgatagarbha sutras include:
894:, it came to be used in place of the concept of
9413:Biblotheca Philologica et Philosophica Buddhica
8288:
8286:
8284:
7660:. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press: p. 10.
7409:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 97–100.
2057:as "womb", but prefer to use the term "embryo".
9035:Understanding Tsung-Mi's view on Buddha nature
8780:, Routledge, London, 2nd Edition, 2009, p. 128
8376:
7810:Bulletin de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient
6044:
5694:(2008), p.19-20 and p.63 on the mirror verses:
3142:) from which awareness and perception spring.
2316:
2175:
2048:was taken in its meaning as "womb" or "fruit".
10075:
9654:
9254:"Mindfullness and Mindlessness in Early Chan"
8707:
8705:
8703:
7993:Being Good: Buddhist Ethics for Everyday Life
7865:Price, A.F. and Wong Mou-Lam, trans. (1969).
7729:(Winter 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
7645:Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations,
6777:Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations,
5254:The influential 20th century Chinese scholar
4466:
3527:) and thus it is not an independent essence.
3102:equates it with the appearances of lucidity (
2550:The Teaching of Neither Increase nor Decrease
2438:uses nine similes to illustrate the concept:
2157:
2114:most natural means "containing a Tathagata,"
1844:
945:). The belief in Buddha-nature is central to
732:
691:
10857:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
9349:Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations
9340:Mahayana Buddhism. The Doctrinal Foundations
8967:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
8884:Cheng Chien Bhikshu (1992), "Introduction",
8281:
8156:The Writings of Nichiren Daishonin, Volume I
7976:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
7924:Master Hsu Yun's Discourses and Dharma Words
7764:
7762:
7760:
7120:Brunnholzl, Karl, When the Clouds Part, The
6840:Brunnholzl, Karl, When the Clouds Part, The
6827:Brunnholzl, Karl, When the Clouds Part, The
6223:
6221:
5832:Harvey mentions AN 1.10: "Monks, this mind (
5656:, the two verses are actually complementary:
4952:viewpoint has been rendered into English by
4787:This interpretation is sometimes called the
4754:(1050–1109) argues in his commentary to the
3053:associate the term tathāgatagarbha with the
2180:) is closely related in meaning to the term
9406:"A Buddha Within: The Tathāgatagarbhasūtra"
7939:. London: Routledge & Kegen Paul: p. 60
7867:The Diamond Sutra and the Sutra of Hui Neng
7699:
7697:
7695:
6707:
5726:According to Wayman & Wayman, the term
5681:The Buddha-nature is always clear and pure.
4909:(1042–1136) and continues into the work of
3106:-rupa). Likewise, the Vikramashila scholar
3091:in the sense of twofold identitylessness".
3071:According to Brunnholzl, "all early Indian
2918:大乘法界無差別論), said to have been translated by
1983:emptiness that is a nonimplicative negation
53:hidden by the clouds is a metaphor for the
10082:
10068:
9661:
9647:
9403:
9382:
9234:, Wisdom Publications Inc., archived from
9118:
8950:Awakening of Faith Attributed to Aśvaghoṣa
8870:
8725:. Univ of Hawaii Press. pp. 174–179.
8700:
8549:
8498:
8486:
8465:
8450:
8370:
8358:
8224:
8205:
7739:Tiwald, Justin; van Norden, Bryan (2014).
7447:(2). University of Hawaii Press: 171–192.
7347:
7335:
7310:
7286:
7271:
7239:
7188:pp. 38–41. Boston & London: Snow Lion.
6815:
6803:
6763:
6751:
6739:
6661:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 393.
6521:
6504:
6492:
6378:
6138:
5994:
5979:
5897:Fa-ch'ang asked, "What is the difference?"
5127:(1385–1438), one of the main disciples of
4473:
4459:
2940:and is attributed by Chinese tradition to
2327:According to Wayman, the teachings of the
2110:In addition to Zimmerman's statement that
1851:
1837:
698:
684:
9612:On the Buddha-nature of Insentient Things
9470:"Buddha nature and the concept of person"
8910:
8892:
8637:. Sussex Academic Press: pp. 100–101
8415:(accessed: Saturday May 9, 2009), p.78-79
8092:
8037:
8015:
8013:
7990:
7757:
7715:
7073:84000 Translating The Words of The Buddha
6227:
6218:
5960:Learn how and when to remove this message
5667:The mind is like a bright mirror's stand.
2630:along with four hundred types of samādhi.
2429:*tathāgatatva, *buddhatva, *tathāgatakāya
2279:a consciousness which is naturally pure (
9373:
9364:
9355:
9346:
9337:
9303:
9127:
8913:Zen Buddhism: A History. Volume 2: Japan
8309:(accessed: Saturday September 23, 2023).
8275:
8263:
8251:
8236:
8074:(accessed: Thursday April 22, 2010), p.3
7800:
7798:
7721:Van Norden, Bryan and Nicholaos Jones, "
7692:
7583:
7392:
7322:Kei Kataoka, Ratnakarasanti on Prakasa,
7298:
7172:
6893:
6866:
6643:
6631:
6548:
6536:
6480:
5880:
5669:At all times we must strive to polish it
5445:) which is functionally equivalent to a
5083:According to Brunnholzl, "virtually all
5055:The Buddhist tantric scripture entitled
4590:
3495:or the ultimate pattern) and phenomena (
3263:
3172:
2770:), is a 5th century CE Indian treatise (
2727:
2714:, the most influential of which was the
2400:
2388:
2228:
1962:, which cannot be translated as "womb" (
1933:, "womb", "embryo", "center", "essence".
44:
12044:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
9447:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
9333:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
9319:
9023:
8993:
8984:
8942:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
8937:
8866:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
8748:"Is Critical Buddhism Really Critical?"
8679:
8677:
8675:
8673:
8661:
8296:(accessed: Saturday September 23, 2023)
8051:
8049:
7942:
7890:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
7784:
7782:
7770:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
7727:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
7639:
7637:
7482:
7480:
7478:
7476:
7474:
7472:
7470:
7160:
7044:"Dhāraṇīśvararājasūtra – Buddha-Nature"
6201:. Shambhala Publications. p. 165.
6172:
6094:
5470:), which is functionally equivalent to
5468:sarva-sattveṣu dharma-kāya-parispharaṇa
4974:(1182–1251), the central figure of the
4738:is just emptiness (described either as
2519:c. 3rd century CE) which discusses the
2217:
2000:
14:
12735:
12247:List of Buddhist architecture in China
9517:Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey
9369:, Taylor & Francis, Kindle Edition
9328:
9224:
9190:
9167:
9121:Buddhism in Practice: Abridged Edition
9002:
8975:
8946:
8928:
8441:. New York: Snow Lion: pp. 3, 9, 22–23
8404:. Boston: Wisdom Publications (1999).
8184:When we rever Myoho-renge-kyo inherent
8108:The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism
8095:, pp. 51–119, "Section 2, Dogen".
8010:
7948:
7828:LIN Weiyu 林威宇 (UBC): Vairocana of the
7685:
7683:
7407:The Establishment of the Tendai School
7404:
7398:
7357:. State University of New York Press.
7224:
7197:
7148:
7133:
7108:
6878:
6791:
6695:
6683:
6603:
6435:
6408:
6299:
6117:
6011:
3278:The Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana
3168:
2701:
905:The primordial or undefiled mind, the
10063:
9642:
9628:The Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra A Mahāyāna Text
9294:
9251:
9200:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies
9136:
9100:
9068:, New York: Routledge, archived from
9009:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies
8861:
8683:
8646:
8523:cf. Hopkins, Jeffrey, trans. (2006).
8026:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies
8019:
7869:. Berkeley, CA: Shambhala: Book Two,
7795:
7732:
7615:
7434:
7432:
7430:
7428:
7426:
7351:The Principles of Buddhist Psychology
7212:
7066:
6942:
6940:
6931:
6656:
6578:
6468:
6420:
6359:
6153:
6068:
6066:
6064:
5649:
5199:
4905:. This trend begins with the work of
4665:(true faith or the entrusting mind).
3491:and on the doctrine of principle (理,
2874:. It gives a variety of synonyms for
1937:
9040:
8720:
8690:Critical Review for Buddhist Studies
8670:
8046:
7956:. San Francisco: North Point Press.
7779:
7634:
7609:
7467:
6563:
6447:
6340:
6284:
6184:
6022:
6020:
5913:
5427:
5131:, defined the tathāgatagarbha thus:
4805:tradition have tended to accept the
4638:(1688–1735) and is derived from the
4586:
3222:Based on their understanding of the
2953:
2721:
2501:Other important buddha-nature sutras
868:Chinese reception of these teachings
9079:
9058:
9032:
8947:Hakeda, Yoshito S., trans. (1967),
8745:
7920:Ch'an and Zen Teaching First Series
7918:Yu, Lu K'uan (Charles Luk) (1970).
7853:
7790:Encyclopedia of Chinese philosophy,
7680:
7568:
7498:
7438:
7060:
7036:
6590:Thanissaro Bhikkhu, trans. (1995).
6267:
6072:
5603:
5140:Brunnholzl states that the view of
4715:
3532:
2966:and as a non implicative negation.
2934:Fó xìng lùn, Buddha-nature treatise
2756:Investigating the Jewel Disposition
2556:), which is really a single domain
2187:The corresponding Sanskrit term is
1977:outlined four meanings of the term
806:), and can also mean "containing a
24:
12034:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
9632:Hodge, Stephen (2009 & 2012).
9432:
9105:, HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.,
8684:Sharf, Robert H. (December 2017).
7658:Cultivating Original Enlightenment
7618:MacMillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism
7423:
7178:
7114:
6948:"Śrīmālādevīsūtra – Buddha-Nature"
6937:
6834:
6821:
6769:
6228:Duckworth, Douglas Samuel (2008).
6061:
5020:tathágata heart is unconditioned.
3357:In Chinese Yogacara and Madhyamaka
3259:Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna
3210:. When Buddhism was introduced to
3060:
2998:also argues, basing itself on the
2768:Treatise on the Ultimate Continuum
2744:-like permanence of buddha nature.
2019:According to Sally King, the term
1863:
757:) is the innate potential for all
149:Decline in the Indian subcontinent
144:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
25:
12779:
9597:
9147:Concise Encyclopaedia of Buddhism
8879:. Boston & London: Snow Lion.
8789:Sutton, Florin Giripescu (1991).
8510:Hopkins, Jeffrey, trans. (2006).
8153:The Gosho Translation Committee:
7899:
6922:. Boston & London: Snow Lion.
6017:
5215:
4883:Lamp for the Eye of Contemplation
4392:Zen organisation and institutions
3956:Anthology of the Patriarchal Hall
2878:, the most frequently used being
2517:The Lion's Roar of Queen Srimala,
909:, is also often equated with the
845:, is inherently present in every
833:, "the natural and true state of
796:can mean "the womb" or "embryo" (
12715:
12705:
12704:
12262:Thai temple art and architecture
12007:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
10247:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
10113:
10100:
10090:
9727:
9445:A history of Buddhist philosophy
9331:The Lion's roar of Queen Srimala
9329:Wayman, Alex and Hideko (1990),
9141:, The University Press Group Ltd
8838:
8817:
8812:A Study on the Ratnagotravibhāga
8804:
8783:
8770:
8761:
8739:
8655:
8640:
8627:
8614:
8600:
8591:
8578:
8555:
8530:
8517:
8504:
8439:Opening to Our Primordial Nature
8431:
8418:
8394:
8385:
8342:
8327:Karmay, Samten Gyaltsen (2007).
8321:
8312:
8299:
8188:
8177:
8147:
8129:
8098:
8077:
8055:Stone, Jacqueline Ilyse (2003).
8020:Stone, Jacqueline (1 May 1995).
7999:
7984:
7929:
7912:
7893:
7880:
7859:
7822:
7706:
7663:
7650:
7589:
7536:
7513:
7504:
7020:"Mahāmeghasūtra – Buddha-Nature"
6996:"Mahābherīsūtra – Buddha-Nature"
5918:
5643:Clear Mind Is Like The Full Moon
5595:(accessed: Saturday May 9, 2009)
5579:
5566:
5554:
5266:Critical Buddhist interpretation
5160:
4978:, sees the buddha-nature as the
4618:仏性) as a central teaching, from
4579:, forty-eighth patriarch of the
3931:Two Entrances and Four Practices
3575:
3540:
3158:five categories of living beings
3067:Transformations of consciousness
3038:texts, some texts attributed to
3012:associates tathāgatagarbha with
2275:) and undefiled. In some of the
2210:, the term for buddha-nature is
1942:The Chinese translated the term
992:
665:
84:
12748:Buddhist philosophical concepts
10114:
9668:
9322:Buddhism: The Illustrated Guide
8985:Hookham, Shenpen (tr.) (1998),
8635:Buddhism: Beliefs and Practices
8608:"THE RIME ( Ris-med ) MOVEMENT"
8137:"Freeing the caged bird within"
8039:10.18874/jjrs.22.1-2.1995.17-48
7886:Buswell, Robert E. Jr. (1991).
7656:Buswell, Robert E. Jr. (2007).
7341:
7316:
7245:
7085:
7012:
6988:
6964:
6912:
6899:
6847:
6701:
6665:
6649:
6609:
6584:
6390:Brandon, G. S. F., ed. (1972).
6384:
6197:Ch’an Master Sheng-yen (1999).
6190:
6178:
5845:
5826:
5809:
5788:
5771:
5746:
5720:
5711:
4734:There are those who argue that
4509:The influential Chan patriarch
3042:, mainly poetic works like the
2044:According to King, the Chinese
1993:(store-consciousness), (4) all
941:(in East Asian traditions like
939:interpenetration of all dharmas
12252:Japanese Buddhist architecture
12054:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
11134:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
10325:Places where the Buddha stayed
9884:Samantabhadra Meditation Sūtra
9718:Samantabhadra Meditation Sūtra
9156:. London, Thames and Hudson.
8061:Studies in East Asian Buddhism
7950:Aitken, Robert, ed. and trans.
7812:. Tome 94, 2007. pp. 229–250;
7546:. University of Hawaii Press.
5859:a distinction is made between
5702:
5671:and must not let dust collect.
5058:Chanting the Names of Mañjuśrī
5015:(1429–1489), buddha-nature is
3946:Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment
3345:(685 CE) uses the doctrine of
3268:A page of a commentary on the
3224:Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra
2450:Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
2158:
2139:
2023:may be understood in two ways:
1960:de bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po
951:Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
911:Buddhist philosophical concept
892:Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
863:Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
27:Buddhist philosophical concept
13:
1:
12267:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
9592:, University of Hawai'i Press
9443:Kalupahana, David J. (1992),
9299:. University of Hawaii Press.
8989:, Oxford: Longchen Foundation
8588:. New York: Crossroad: p. 110
8166:, Tokyo: Soka Gakkai, 2006.
7875:Temperament and Circumstances
7348:Kalupahana, David J. (1987).
6806:, pp. 39 ff. and 50 ff..
5909:
5708:Enlightened one, a/the Buddha
5683:Where is there room for dust?
5466:which penetrates all beings (
5319:, formed by the influence of
4776:tradition generally followed
4750:An early Tibetan translator,
4502:(709–788) of the influential
3704:Hakuin's Four ways of knowing
3413:
2035:"womb of the tathāgata", the
30:"Busshō" redirects here. For
12024:Buddhism and the Roman world
12000:Decline of Buddhism in India
11995:History of Buddhism in India
10095: Topics in
9404:Zimmermann, Michael (2002).
9308:, London: Century Paperbacks
9123:, Princeton University Press
8980:, Cambridge University Press
8911:Dumoulin, Heinrich (2005b),
8893:Dumoulin, Heinrich (2005a),
8862:Brown, Brian Edward (1994),
8400:Petit, John Whitney (1999).
7935:Suzuki, D.T., trans. (1932)
7597:Buddhist philosophy, Chinese
7542:Robert Buswell, Jr. (1990).
7523:Vol. 15 (2), 180–181, 1992.
6594:, (Anguttara Nikaya 1.49–52)
5443:tathāgata-tathatā-'vyatireka
5362:nothing new, for "the early
5238:
5101:Third Karmapa Rangjung Dorje
4959:The modern Nyingma scholars
4634:era (1086–1185) through the
4163:Yunmen Wenyan (Ummon Bun'en)
3478:
3335:In a similar fashion to the
3136:the five senses and the mind
3118:The Yogācāra concept of the
2413:According to Zimmerman, the
2087:it may refer to a person as
1890:is a compound of two terms,
966:
347:Buddhist Paths to liberation
7:
11222:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
10962:
8562:Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche.
6717:Readings of the Lotus Sutra
5759:
5493:
5062:
3743:Doctrinal background of Zen
3453:. These three aspects are:
3130:and in the translations of
3055:luminous nature of the mind
2780:Śrīmālādevī Siṃhanāda Sūtra
2512:Śrīmālādevī Siṃhanāda Sūtra
1987:luminous nature of the mind
1881:
1334:
1302:
1270:
1247:
753:
743:
728:
10:
12784:
12172:The unanswerable questions
9704:Innumerable Meanings Sūtra
9545:. Snow Lion Publications.
9092:(2): 63–94, archived from
8938:Gregory, Peter N. (1991),
8873:When the Clouds Part, The
8854:
8527:NY: Snow Lion: pp. 279–280
7544:Chinese Buddhist Apocrypha
6592:Pabhassara Sutta: Luminous
5781:(from Sanskrit बहुव्रीहि,
5184:According to Rime scholar
5099:In Kagyu, the view of the
5090:Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Taye
5073:third turning of the wheel
4819:
4719:
3467:The later Tiantai scholar
3430:principle outlined in the
3368:Chinese Yogacara tradition
3064:
2916:Dasheng fajie wuchabie lun
2795:Anunatva-Apurnatva-Nirdesa
2337:does not mention the term
2221:
2152:The term "buddha-nature" (
2145:
800:) of the "thus-gone one" (
29:
12700:
12652:
12567:
12482:
12257:Buddhist temples in Korea
12180:
12082:
11965:
11662:
11590:
11417:
11290:
11230:
10865:
10820:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
10731:
10723:Three planes of existence
10671:
10516:
10408:
10338:
10330:Buddha in world religions
10192:
10137:
10109:
10022:
9859:Abundant Treasures Buddha
9782:
9736:
9725:
9687:
9681:Saddharma Puṇḍarīka Sūtra
9678:
9541:Brunnholzl, Karl (2009),
9324:, Oxford University Press
9101:Lopez, Donald S. (2001),
9003:Jikido, Takasaki (2000),
8994:Hopkins, Jeffrey (1999),
8933:, Oxford University Press
8871:Brunnholzl, Karl (2014).
8823:Florin Giripescu Sutton,
8810:Takasaki, Jikido (1991).
8620:Hookham, Shenpen (1991).
8586:Buddha Heart, Buddha Mind
8426:Revue d'Études Tibétaines
7251:Takasaki, Jikido (1966).
7184:Brunnholzl, Karl (2014).
6918:Brunnholzl, Karl (2014).
5636:Zen Story: Steal the Moon
5483:(tathāgata-gotra-saṃbhava
5030:
5001:of the mind with stains.
4143:Dongshan Liangjie (Tozan)
3111:self-nature as radiance (
2858:the Tathāgata's species (
2077:it may refer to a person
2067:According to Zimmermann,
754:buddhatā, buddha-svabhāva
733:
12039:Persecution of Buddhists
11260:Four stages of awakening
10641:Three marks of existence
10227:Physical characteristics
9474:Philosophy East and West
9468:King, Sallie B. (1989).
9374:Yamamoto, Kosho (1975),
9316:, Prajna Press, Boulder.
9261:Philosophy East and West
9191:Sasaki, Shizuka (1999),
9152:Rawson, Philip (1991).
9041:King, Sallie B. (1991),
9026:The Three Pillars of Zen
9024:Kapleau, Philip (1989),
8888:, Asian Humanities Press
8584:Dalai Lama, the (1999).
7842:Cheng Chien Bhikshu 1992
7788:Cua, Antonio S. (2003).
7441:Philosophy East and West
6853:Radich, Michael (2015),
6392:A Dictionary of Buddhism
5679:The mirror has no stand.
5617:treats this metaphor in
5547:
5119:
5078:
4966:
4540:(18th-century Japan) to
4069:Ordinary Mind Zen School
3961:Transmission of the Lamp
3666:Turning the light around
3629:Zen in the United States
2911:Dharmadhātvaviśeṣaśāstra
2639:is a key source for the
2162:; ;
1950:(如来藏), or "Tathāgata's (
927:storehouse-consciousness
870:, linked the concept of
11402:Ten principal disciples
10285:(aunt, adoptive mother)
9572:Harada, Sekkei (2008),
9365:Williams, Paul (2002),
9356:Williams, Paul (2000),
9347:Williams, Paul (2008),
9338:Williams, Paul (1994),
9320:Trainor, Kevin (2004),
9304:Snelling, John (1987),
9176:: Wisdom Publications.
9080:Liu, Ming-Wood (1982),
8931:Foundations of Buddhism
8929:Gethin, Rupert (1998),
8666:. Univ of Hawaii Press.
8651:. Univ of Hawaii Press.
8195:Enlightenment of plants
7818:10.3406/befeo.2007.6070
7792:pp. 254–257. Routledge.
7643:Williams, Paul (2008).
7326:, 22, 224–239, 2019.07.
7048:buddhanature.tsadra.org
7024:buddhanature.tsadra.org
7000:buddhanature.tsadra.org
6976:buddhanature.tsadra.org
6952:buddhanature.tsadra.org
6775:Williams, Paul (2008).
6713:Stone, Jacqueline Ilyse
6032:buddhanature.tsadra.org
5838:) is brightly shining (
5677:originally has no tree.
5384:especially the work of
5125:Kedrub Jé Geleg Balsang
5041:Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen
4764:of inherent existence (
4387:Zen ranks and hierarchy
4360:Category: Zen Buddhists
3694:Ten Ox-Herding Pictures
3250:" thought (體用, pinyin:
3192:) and tathāgatagarbha (
2570:*prakṛtipariśuddhacitta
2545:Anūnatvāpurnatvanirdeśa
1337:Śūraṅgama Samādhi Sūtra
937:concept); and with the
882:originally referred to
367:Philosophical reasoning
12112:Buddhism and democracy
11625:Tibetan Buddhist canon
11620:Chinese Buddhist canon
10852:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
10847:Early Buddhist schools
9556:Hookham, S.K. (1991),
9509:, Taylor & Francis
9505:Lusthaus, Dan (1998),
9252:Sharf, Robert (2014),
9145:Powers, J. A. (2000).
9132:, Taylor & Francis
9128:Lusthaus, Dan (1998),
9033:Kim, Seong-Uk (2007),
8987:The Shrimaladevi Sutra
8976:Harvey, Peter (1995),
8915:, World Wisdom Books,
8897:, World Wisdom Books,
8111:. Tōkyō: Soka Gakkai.
7602:July 16, 2014, at the
7595:Lusthaus, Dan (1998).
5158:
5142:Gyaltsab Darma Rinchen
5138:
5117:
5092:, who largely follows
5022:
4961:Khenchen Palden Sherab
4801:, and some within the
4687:
4607:
4536:(12th century Korea),
4495:East Mountain Teaching
4019:Plum Village Tradition
3979:East Mountain Teaching
3941:The Awakening of Faith
3837:Prostration (Buddhism)
3656:Original enlightenment
3441:
3351:original enlightenment
3293:The Awakening of Faith
3273:
3185:
3032:
2996:Madhyamakāvatārabhāsya
2988:Madhyamakāvatārabhāsya
2980:
2813:
2745:
2636:Dhāraṇīśvararāja sūtra
2454:often just called the
2445:
2410:
2398:
2373:tathāgatagarbha sūtras
2310:
2277:tathagatagarbha-sutras
2224:Tathāgatagarbha sūtras
2176:
2012:Tathāgatagarbha sūtras
1367:Tathāgataguhyaka Sūtra
1314:Tathāgatagarbha sūtras
963:(3rd–5th century CE).
134:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
62:
12122:Eight Consciousnesses
10232:Life of Buddha in art
9979:Mahāprajāpatī Gautamī
9926:who becomes a Buddha)
9697:Threefold Lotus Sutra
9576:, Wisdom Publications
9530:on September 16, 2012
9426:on November 11, 2013.
9314:The Lankavatara Sutra
9312:Suzuki, D.T. (1978).
9273:10.1353/pew.2014.0074
9206:(1–2), archived from
9168:Reeves, Gene (2008).
9015:(1–2), archived from
8998:, Wisdom Publications
8957:on September 11, 2013
8633:Fowler, Merv (1999).
8574:on December 30, 2007.
8514:NY: Snow Lion: p. 196
7937:The Lankavatara Sutra
7871:The Sutra of Hui Neng
7669:Kantor, Hans-Rudolf.
7405:Groner, Paul (2000).
6615:Bareau, André (1955)
5796:Maraparinirvana Sutra
5284:dependent origination
5153:
5133:
5109:
5063:Mañjuśrī-nāma-saṅgīti
5017:
4826:bde gshegs snying po,
4682:
4647:New Kamakura Buddhist
4594:
4532:(7th-century China),
4173:Dahui Zonggao (Tahui)
4153:Linji Yixuan (Rinzai)
4148:Xuefeng Yicun (Seppo)
4133:Shitou Xiqian (Kisen)
4034:Kwan Um School of Zen
3917:Mahaparinirvana Sutra
3887:Prajñaparamita sutras
3881:Indian Mahayana texts
3436:
3396:dependent origination
3267:
3176:
3028:
2976:
2809:
2800:Mahābherīharaka-sūtra
2784:Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
2776:Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra
2731:
2464:Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
2440:
2436:Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra
2425:Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra
2416:Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra
2407:Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra
2404:
2395:Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra
2392:
2380:Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra
2302:
2229:Historical precursors
2009:first appears in the
1997:and sentient beings.
1328:Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
1305:Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra
1249:Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra
1234:Prajñāpāramitā sūtras
402:Aids to Enlightenment
227:Dependent Origination
48:
12599:East Asian religions
12029:Buddhism in the West
11600:Early Buddhist texts
11215:Four Right Exertions
10681:Ten spiritual realms
10174:Noble Eightfold Path
9922:(daughter of Sāgara
9225:Schaik, Sam (2004),
9137:McRae, John (2003),
9075:on November 12, 2014
9059:Lai, Whalen (2003),
8814:. ISMEO 1966: p. 198
6655:Hirakawa quoted in:
5821:Glossary of Buddhism
5690:See also Joko Beck,
5501:Dhammakaya tradition
5400:)...". According to
5307:) existent "locus" (
5210:inherent possibility
4878:Nubchen Sangye Yeshe
4709:Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō
4566:The Gateless Barrier
3786:Bodhisattva Precepts
3216:Chinese philosophies
3016:and luminosity with
2651:cittaprakrtivisuddhi
2218:Indian Sutra sources
2001:Western translations
1973:The Tibetan scholar
1079:Bodhisattva Precepts
1039:Transcendent Virtues
841:) mind undefiled by
772:terms, most notably
372:Devotional practices
195:Noble Eightfold Path
12722:Religion portal
12469:Temple of the Tooth
12348:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
11387:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
10880:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
10663:Two truths doctrine
10483:Mahapajapati Gotamī
10283:Mahapajapati Gotamī
9869:Majestic Voice King
9845:Never Disrespectful
9399:on October 8, 2011.
9096:on October 16, 2013
8278:, pp. 105–109.
8239:, pp. 107–108.
7301:, pp. 164–165.
6896:, pp. 163–164.
6766:, pp. 143–168.
6754:, pp. 165–166.
5823:, "tathagatagarbha"
5280:Komazawa University
5013:Gorampa Sonam Senge
4668:The founder of the
4377:Dharma transmission
4024:Order of Interbeing
4004:Five Houses of Chán
3748:Representation-only
3699:Five ranks of Tozan
3501:Awakening of Faith.
3270:Awakening of Faith,
3198:East Asian Buddhism
3169:East Asian Buddhism
3051:Bodhicittavivarana,
2740:as an image of the
2702:Indian commentaries
2460:East Asian Buddhism
2154:traditional Chinese
1913:āgata", "thus come"
1750:Regional traditions
1289:Lalitavistara Sūtra
1264:Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra
1257:Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra
1153:Prajñāpāramitā Devī
1069:Non-abiding Nirvana
1034:Transcendent Wisdom
947:East Asian Buddhism
925:concept); with the
712:Buddhist philosophy
672:Buddhism portal
545:Buddhism by country
307:Sanskrit literature
40:Busshō (Shōbōgenzō)
12644:Western philosophy
12242:Dzong architecture
12064:Vipassana movement
12059:Buddhist modernism
11487:Emperor Wen of Sui
11255:Pratyekabuddhayāna
11188:Threefold Training
10990:Vipassana movement
10706:Hungry Ghost realm
10526:Avidyā (Ignorance)
10473:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
10222:Great Renunciation
10217:Eight Great Events
10099:
9989:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
9974:Maha-Maudgalyayana
9840:Unlimited Practice
9139:Seeing Through Zen
8746:Gregory, Peter N.
8162:2013-04-04 at the
7991:Hsing Yun (1999).
7902:"The Keiso Dokuzi"
7647:p. 116. Routledge.
7586:, p. 109-110.
7530:2013-10-29 at the
6709:Teiser, Stephen F.
6411:, p. viii–ix.
6175:, p. 288-289.
5802:replaces the term
5779:bahuvrihi compound
5355:pratitya-samutpada
5200:Modern scholarship
5006:Buton Rinchen Drub
4997:, with stains, or
4989:Madhyamakāvatārabh
4915:Mipham (1846–1912)
4835:Guhyagarbha Tantra
4793:interpretation of
4655:Pure Land Buddhism
4640:Awakening of Faith
4608:
4528:Chan masters from
4445:Pure Land Buddhism
4382:Zen lineage charts
3806:Walking meditation
3489:Awakening of Faith
3376:Chinese Madhyamaka
3342:Vajrasamādhi Sūtra
3337:Awakening of Faith
3306:Awakening of Faith
3298:Awakening of Faith
3274:
3186:
3181:manuscript of the
2947:Anuttarâśrayasūtra
2789:Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra
2764:Uttaratantraśāstra
2746:
2718:(5th century CE).
2647:fundamentally pure
2582:Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra
2411:
2399:
2281:prakṛti-pariśuddha
2237:, the idea of the
1938:Asian translations
1886:The Sanskrit term
1374:Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra
1360:Golden Light Sutra
1273:Vimalakirtinirdeśa
1089:Bodhisattva stages
1054:Consciousness-only
837:", which is pure (
159:Buddhist modernism
63:
51:moon and its light
12730:
12729:
12368:Om mani padme hum
12074:Women in Buddhism
11990:Buddhist councils
11860:Western countries
11648:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
11409:Shaolin Monastery
10986:Samatha-vipassanā
10596:Pratītyasamutpāda
10400:Metteyya/Maitreya
10318:
10310:
10302:
10294:
10286:
10278:
10270:
10147:Four Noble Truths
10057:
10056:
10028:Nichiren Buddhism
9835:Superior Practice
9614:, Robert H. Sharf
9582:Critical Buddhism
9551:978-1-55939-318-8
9500:on July 29, 2014.
9183:978-0-86171-571-8
9052:978-0-7914-0428-7
8922:978-0-941532-90-7
8904:978-0-941532-89-1
8778:Mahayana Buddhism
8622:The Buddha Within
8410:978-0-86171-157-4
8337:978-90-04-15142-0
8143:on July 29, 2013.
8118:978-4-412-01205-9
8069:978-0-8248-2771-7
7571:, pp. 11–12.
7067:Burchardi, Anne.
6779:p. 104. Routledge
6686:, pp. 15–16.
6073:Swanson, Paul L.
6055:Heng-Ching Shih,
5980:Bielefeldt (2015)
5970:
5969:
5962:
5516:Kulayarāja Tantra
5428:Multiple meanings
5396:), the one mind (
5272:Critical Buddhism
4945:Ratnagotravibhaga
4880:'s (9th century)
4722:Rangtong-Shentong
4697:Nichiren Buddhism
4612:Japanese Buddhist
4587:Japanese Buddhism
4554:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
4483:
4482:
4187:Zhongfeng Mingben
4128:Mazu Daoyi (Baso)
4064:White Plum Asanga
3907:Vimalakirti Sutra
3897:Śrīmālādevī Sūtra
3892:Lankavatara Sutra
3721:Bodhisattva ideal
3283:Dàshéng Qǐxìn Lùn
3075:masters (such as
3047:, Cittavajrastava
3000:Lankavatara sutra
2954:Madhyamaka school
2930:Buddhagotraśāstra
2868:Ratnagotravibhāga
2836:Ratnagotravibhāga
2834:According to the
2817:Ratnagotravibhāga
2804:Ratnagotravibhāga
2751:Ratnagotravibhāga
2738:Ratnagotravibhāga
2723:Ratnagotravibhāga
2716:Ratnagotravibhāga
2666:school, like the
2659:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
2642:Ratnagotravibhāga
2616:Great Cloud Sutra
2271:) which is pure (
2032:of the Tathāgata,
1861:
1860:
1346:Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
1321:Śrīmālādevī Sūtra
1296:Samādhirāja Sūtra
1019:Mind of Awakening
985:Mahāyāna Buddhism
960:Ratnagotravibhāga
708:
707:
190:Four Noble Truths
34:'s book from the
16:(Redirected from
12775:
12720:
12719:
12708:
12707:
12547:Sacred languages
12395:Maya Devi Temple
12358:Mahabodhi Temple
12162:Secular Buddhism
12127:Engaged Buddhism
10967:
10815:Tibetan Buddhism
10766:Vietnamese Thiền
10365:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
10316:
10308:
10300:
10292:
10284:
10276:
10268:
10117:
10116:
10104:
10094:
10084:
10077:
10070:
10061:
10060:
10035:Tiantai Buddhism
9874:Śākyamuni Buddha
9731:
9663:
9656:
9649:
9640:
9639:
9604:Thich Hang Dat,
9593:
9577:
9561:
9531:
9529:
9523:, archived from
9522:
9510:
9501:
9496:. Archived from
9427:
9425:
9410:
9400:
9398:
9391:
9379:
9370:
9367:Buddhist Thought
9361:
9358:Buddhist Thought
9352:
9343:
9334:
9325:
9309:
9300:
9291:
9289:
9283:, archived from
9258:
9248:
9247:
9246:
9240:
9233:
9221:
9220:
9218:
9212:
9197:
9187:
9142:
9133:
9124:
9115:
9097:
9076:
9074:
9067:
9055:
9037:
9029:
9020:
9019:on July 27, 2014
8999:
8990:
8981:
8972:
8966:
8958:
8943:
8934:
8925:
8907:
8889:
8880:
8867:
8849:
8842:
8836:
8821:
8815:
8808:
8802:
8787:
8781:
8774:
8768:
8765:
8759:
8758:
8752:
8743:
8737:
8736:
8718:
8712:
8709:
8698:
8697:
8681:
8668:
8667:
8659:
8653:
8652:
8644:
8638:
8631:
8625:
8618:
8612:
8611:
8604:
8598:
8595:
8589:
8582:
8576:
8575:
8570:. Archived from
8559:
8553:
8547:
8541:
8534:
8528:
8521:
8515:
8508:
8502:
8496:
8490:
8484:
8469:
8463:
8454:
8448:
8442:
8435:
8429:
8422:
8416:
8398:
8392:
8389:
8383:
8380:
8374:
8368:
8362:
8356:
8350:
8346:
8340:
8325:
8319:
8316:
8310:
8303:
8297:
8290:
8279:
8273:
8267:
8261:
8255:
8249:
8240:
8234:
8228:
8222:
8209:
8203:
8197:
8192:
8186:
8181:
8175:
8151:
8145:
8144:
8139:. Archived from
8133:
8127:
8126:
8125:on May 30, 2014.
8121:. Archived from
8102:
8096:
8090:
8084:
8081:
8075:
8053:
8044:
8043:
8041:
8017:
8008:
8003:
7997:
7996:
7988:
7982:
7981:
7975:
7967:
7946:
7940:
7933:
7927:
7916:
7910:
7909:
7904:. Archived from
7897:
7891:
7884:
7878:
7863:
7857:
7851:
7845:
7839:
7833:
7830:Avataṃsaka Sūtra
7826:
7820:
7802:
7793:
7786:
7777:
7766:
7755:
7754:
7736:
7730:
7719:
7713:
7710:
7704:
7701:
7690:
7687:
7678:
7667:
7661:
7654:
7648:
7641:
7632:
7631:
7613:
7607:
7593:
7587:
7581:
7572:
7566:
7555:
7540:
7534:
7517:
7511:
7508:
7502:
7496:
7487:
7484:
7465:
7464:
7436:
7421:
7420:
7402:
7396:
7390:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7379:
7373:
7367:. Archived from
7356:
7345:
7339:
7333:
7327:
7320:
7314:
7308:
7302:
7296:
7290:
7284:
7275:
7269:
7256:
7249:
7243:
7237:
7228:
7222:
7216:
7210:
7201:
7195:
7189:
7182:
7176:
7170:
7164:
7158:
7152:
7146:
7137:
7131:
7125:
7118:
7112:
7106:
7100:
7089:
7083:
7082:
7080:
7079:
7064:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7054:
7040:
7034:
7033:
7031:
7030:
7016:
7010:
7009:
7007:
7006:
6992:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6982:
6968:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6958:
6944:
6935:
6929:
6923:
6916:
6910:
6903:
6897:
6891:
6882:
6876:
6870:
6864:
6858:
6851:
6845:
6838:
6832:
6825:
6819:
6813:
6807:
6801:
6795:
6794:, p. 47-48.
6789:
6783:
6773:
6767:
6761:
6755:
6749:
6743:
6737:
6731:
6730:
6705:
6699:
6693:
6687:
6681:
6672:
6669:
6663:
6662:
6653:
6647:
6641:
6635:
6629:
6620:
6613:
6607:
6601:
6595:
6588:
6582:
6576:
6567:
6561:
6552:
6546:
6540:
6534:
6525:
6519:
6508:
6502:
6496:
6490:
6484:
6478:
6472:
6466:
6451:
6445:
6439:
6433:
6424:
6418:
6412:
6406:
6395:
6388:
6382:
6376:
6363:
6357:
6344:
6338:
6303:
6297:
6288:
6282:
6271:
6265:
6248:
6247:
6225:
6216:
6215:
6194:
6188:
6182:
6176:
6170:
6157:
6151:
6142:
6136:
6121:
6115:
6098:
6092:
6086:
6085:
6079:
6070:
6059:
6053:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6024:
6015:
6009:
5998:
5992:
5983:
5977:
5965:
5958:
5954:
5951:
5945:
5922:
5921:
5914:
5904:
5884:
5878:
5849:
5843:
5830:
5824:
5813:
5807:
5792:
5786:
5775:
5769:
5762:
5754:Sanskrit grammar
5750:
5744:
5724:
5718:
5715:
5709:
5706:
5700:
5659:The body is the
5607:
5596:
5583:
5577:
5570:
5564:
5558:
5406:Chinese Buddhist
5329:tathagathagarbha
5113:Tathagata-garbha
5105:Thrangu Rinpoche
5065:
4913:(1308–1364) and
4728:Tibetan Buddhist
4716:Tibetan Buddhism
4475:
4468:
4461:
4286:Thiền in Vietnam
4168:Yongming Yanshou
3912:Avatamsaka Sutra
3681:Sudden awakening
3579:
3569:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3536:
3533:In Chan Buddhism
3347:Essence-Function
3248:essence-function
3208:Chinese Buddhism
3045:Dharmadhatustava
3008:'s (c. 740–795)
2851:is omnipresent (
2845:the Tathāgata's
2683:Ghanavyūha sūtra
2600:Great Drum Sutra
2560:that is equally
2335:Avataṃsaka Sūtra
2330:Avataṃsaka Sūtra
2256:Anguttara Nikaya
2247:prabhasvaracitta
2179:
2161:
2160:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1628:Hongzhi Zhengjue
1445:Tibetan Buddhism
1353:Ghanavyūha sūtra
1341:
1309:
1282:Pure Land Sutras
1277:
1252:
1213:Wrathful deities
996:
986:
971:
970:
955:Tibetan Buddhism
857:for what it is.
827:Tibetan Buddhist
756:
746:
736:
735:
731:
700:
693:
686:
670:
669:
397:Sublime abidings
88:
65:
64:
21:
12783:
12782:
12778:
12777:
12776:
12774:
12773:
12772:
12733:
12732:
12731:
12726:
12714:
12696:
12648:
12563:
12478:
12215:Ordination hall
12176:
12078:
12049:Buddhist crisis
11961:
11658:
11610:Mahayana sutras
11586:
11582:Thích Nhất Hạnh
11413:
11286:
11226:
11176:Bodhisattva vow
10861:
10727:
10667:
10626:Taṇhā (Craving)
10561:Five hindrances
10512:
10404:
10334:
10188:
10133:
10105:
10088:
10058:
10053:
10018:
9778:
9732:
9723:
9683:
9674:
9667:
9600:
9587:
9571:
9555:
9527:
9520:
9513:
9504:
9486:10.2307/1399375
9467:
9435:
9433:Further reading
9430:
9423:
9408:
9396:
9389:
9287:
9256:
9244:
9242:
9238:
9231:
9216:
9214:
9210:
9195:
9184:
9113:
9072:
9065:
9053:
8960:
8959:
8923:
8905:
8857:
8852:
8843:
8839:
8822:
8818:
8809:
8805:
8788:
8784:
8776:Paul Williams,
8775:
8771:
8766:
8762:
8750:
8744:
8740:
8733:
8719:
8715:
8710:
8701:
8682:
8671:
8660:
8656:
8645:
8641:
8632:
8628:
8619:
8615:
8606:
8605:
8601:
8596:
8592:
8583:
8579:
8560:
8556:
8550:Brunnholzl 2014
8548:
8544:
8536:Cyrus Stearns,
8535:
8531:
8522:
8518:
8509:
8505:
8499:Brunnholzl 2014
8497:
8493:
8487:Brunnholzl 2014
8485:
8472:
8466:Brunnholzl 2014
8464:
8457:
8451:Brunnholzl 2014
8449:
8445:
8436:
8432:
8423:
8419:
8399:
8395:
8391:Duckworth, 2008
8390:
8386:
8382:Takasaki (1966)
8381:
8377:
8371:Brunnholzl 2014
8369:
8365:
8359:Brunnholzl 2014
8357:
8353:
8347:
8343:
8326:
8322:
8317:
8313:
8304:
8300:
8291:
8282:
8274:
8270:
8262:
8258:
8250:
8243:
8235:
8231:
8225:Brunnholzl 2014
8223:
8212:
8206:Brunnholzl 2014
8204:
8200:
8193:
8189:
8182:
8178:
8164:Wayback Machine
8152:
8148:
8135:
8134:
8130:
8119:
8103:
8099:
8091:
8087:
8082:
8078:
8054:
8047:
8018:
8011:
8006:現代禪宗心性思想研究的幾點評論
8004:
8000:
7989:
7985:
7969:
7968:
7964:
7947:
7943:
7934:
7930:
7917:
7913:
7900:Ekaku, Hakuin.
7898:
7894:
7885:
7881:
7864:
7860:
7852:
7848:
7840:
7836:
7827:
7823:
7803:
7796:
7787:
7780:
7767:
7758:
7751:
7737:
7733:
7723:Huayan Buddhism
7720:
7716:
7711:
7707:
7702:
7693:
7688:
7681:
7668:
7664:
7655:
7651:
7642:
7635:
7628:
7614:
7610:
7604:Wayback Machine
7594:
7590:
7582:
7575:
7567:
7558:
7541:
7537:
7532:Wayback Machine
7518:
7514:
7509:
7505:
7497:
7490:
7485:
7468:
7453:10.2307/1399049
7437:
7424:
7417:
7403:
7399:
7391:
7387:
7377:
7375:
7374:on July 2, 2014
7371:
7365:
7354:
7346:
7342:
7336:Brunnholzl 2014
7334:
7330:
7321:
7317:
7311:Brunnholzl 2014
7309:
7305:
7297:
7293:
7287:Brunnholzl 2014
7285:
7278:
7272:Brunnholzl 2014
7270:
7259:
7250:
7246:
7240:Brunnholzl 2014
7238:
7231:
7223:
7219:
7211:
7204:
7196:
7192:
7183:
7179:
7171:
7167:
7159:
7155:
7147:
7140:
7132:
7128:
7119:
7115:
7107:
7103:
7090:
7086:
7077:
7075:
7065:
7061:
7052:
7050:
7042:
7041:
7037:
7028:
7026:
7018:
7017:
7013:
7004:
7002:
6994:
6993:
6989:
6980:
6978:
6970:
6969:
6965:
6956:
6954:
6946:
6945:
6938:
6930:
6926:
6917:
6913:
6904:
6900:
6892:
6885:
6877:
6873:
6865:
6861:
6852:
6848:
6839:
6835:
6826:
6822:
6816:Brunnholzl 2014
6814:
6810:
6804:Zimmermann 2002
6802:
6798:
6790:
6786:
6774:
6770:
6764:Zimmermann 1999
6762:
6758:
6752:Zimmermann 1999
6750:
6746:
6740:Brunnholzl 2014
6738:
6734:
6727:
6706:
6702:
6694:
6690:
6682:
6675:
6670:
6666:
6654:
6650:
6642:
6638:
6630:
6623:
6614:
6610:
6602:
6598:
6589:
6585:
6577:
6570:
6562:
6555:
6549:Williams (2008)
6547:
6543:
6537:Williams (2008)
6535:
6528:
6522:Zimmermann 2002
6520:
6511:
6505:Zimmermann 2002
6503:
6499:
6493:Zimmermann 2002
6491:
6487:
6481:Williams (2008)
6479:
6475:
6467:
6454:
6446:
6442:
6434:
6427:
6419:
6415:
6407:
6398:
6389:
6385:
6379:Zimmermann 2002
6377:
6366:
6358:
6347:
6339:
6306:
6298:
6291:
6283:
6274:
6266:
6251:
6240:
6226:
6219:
6209:
6195:
6191:
6183:
6179:
6171:
6160:
6152:
6145:
6139:Brunnholzl 2014
6137:
6124:
6116:
6101:
6093:
6089:
6077:
6071:
6062:
6054:
6045:
6036:
6034:
6026:
6025:
6018:
6010:
6001:
5995:Brunnholzl 2014
5993:
5986:
5978:
5974:
5966:
5955:
5949:
5946:
5935:
5929:has an unclear
5923:
5919:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5885:
5881:
5850:
5846:
5831:
5827:
5817:tathāgatagarbha
5814:
5810:
5800:tathagatagarbha
5793:
5789:
5776:
5772:
5751:
5747:
5725:
5721:
5716:
5712:
5707:
5703:
5695:
5689:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5658:
5657:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5599:
5584:
5580:
5571:
5567:
5559:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5496:
5435:tathāgatagarbha
5430:
5374:tathāgatagarbha
5364:tathāgatagarbha
5348:which identify
5268:
5241:
5228:tathagatagarbha
5221:Shenpen Hookham
5218:
5202:
5186:Jamgon Kongtrul
5163:
5149:14th Dalai Lama
5122:
5081:
5045:tathāgatagarbha
5033:
4969:
4919:Mipham Rinpoche
4898:views and with
4822:
4736:tathāgatagarbha
4724:
4718:
4632:cloistered rule
4597:Kamakura period
4589:
4546:tathāgatagarbha
4504:Hongzhou school
4479:
4450:
4449:
4410:
4409:Related schools
4402:
4401:
4372:
4364:
4363:
4329:Hakuun Yasutani
4307:Thích Nhất Hạnh
4092:
4087:
4079:
4078:
4074:Zen Peacemakers
3999:Hongzhou school
3974:
3966:
3965:
3936:Śūraṅgama Sūtra
3877:
3867:
3866:
3862:Zen calligraphy
3781:Bodhisattva vow
3776:Six Perfections
3766:
3758:
3757:
3689:
3647:
3642:
3634:
3633:
3587:
3567:
3559:
3553:
3549:
3535:
3481:
3416:
3404:zhongdao foxing
3359:
3262:
3171:
3069:
3063:
3061:Yogācāra school
3034:Uniquely among
2956:
2899:
2726:
2708:tathāgatagarbha
2704:
2611:Mahāmegha Sūtra
2595:Mahābheri Sūtra
2574:tathāgatagarbha
2521:tathāgatagarbha
2503:
2494:), and purity (
2478:(anatman). The
2456:Nirvana Sutra),
2421:tathāgatagarbha
2387:
2360:tathāgatagarbha
2347:tathāgatagarbha
2339:tathāgatagarbha
2325:
2306:tathagatagarbha
2291:tathāgatagarbha
2287:Karl Brunnholzl
2251:agantuka klesha
2239:tathāgatagarbha
2231:
2226:
2220:
2182:tathāgatagarbha
2150:
2144:
2129:tathāgatagarbha
2124:tathagatagarbha
2112:tathagatagarbha
2105:tathagatagarbha
2093:tathagatagarbha
2062:tathagatagarbha
2021:tathāgatagarbha
2007:tathagatagarbha
2003:
1979:Tathāgatagarbha
1954:) storehouse" (
1944:tathāgatagarbha
1940:
1888:tathāgatagarbha
1884:
1878:is being used.
1876:tathagatagarbha
1872:tathāgatagarbha
1868:
1865:Tathāgatagarbha
1857:
1828:
1827:
1751:
1743:
1742:
1738:Thích Nhất Hạnh
1733:14th Dalai Lama
1668:Abhayākaragupta
1483:
1475:
1474:
1390:
1380:
1379:
1228:
1226:Mahayana sutras
1218:
1217:
1128:
1114:
1113:
1084:Bodhisattva vow
1004:
984:
969:
907:tathāgatagārbha
896:tathāgatagārbha
872:tathāgatagārbha
819:Indian Buddhism
794:Tathāgatagarbha
775:tathāgatagarbha
759:sentient beings
704:
664:
657:
656:
547:
537:
536:
487:
477:
476:
442:
432:
431:
337:
327:
326:
297:Mahayana Sutras
277:
267:
266:
207:Five Aggregates
185:
184:
164:
163:
154:Later Buddhists
119:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12781:
12771:
12770:
12765:
12760:
12755:
12750:
12745:
12728:
12727:
12725:
12724:
12712:
12701:
12698:
12697:
12695:
12694:
12689:
12684:
12679:
12674:
12669:
12664:
12658:
12656:
12650:
12649:
12647:
12646:
12641:
12636:
12631:
12626:
12621:
12616:
12611:
12606:
12601:
12596:
12595:
12594:
12589:
12579:
12573:
12571:
12565:
12564:
12562:
12561:
12560:
12559:
12554:
12544:
12539:
12534:
12529:
12524:
12519:
12514:
12509:
12504:
12499:
12494:
12488:
12486:
12480:
12479:
12477:
12476:
12471:
12466:
12465:
12464:
12459:
12454:
12449:
12444:
12434:
12429:
12424:
12419:
12414:
12413:
12412:
12407:
12402:
12397:
12392:
12382:
12377:
12372:
12371:
12370:
12360:
12355:
12350:
12345:
12344:
12343:
12338:
12333:
12328:
12323:
12313:
12308:
12303:
12298:
12293:
12288:
12283:
12282:
12281:
12279:Greco-Buddhist
12271:
12270:
12269:
12264:
12259:
12254:
12249:
12244:
12239:
12234:
12233:
12232:
12230:Burmese pagoda
12222:
12217:
12212:
12207:
12202:
12197:
12186:
12184:
12178:
12177:
12175:
12174:
12169:
12164:
12159:
12154:
12149:
12144:
12139:
12134:
12129:
12124:
12119:
12114:
12109:
12104:
12099:
12094:
12088:
12086:
12080:
12079:
12077:
12076:
12071:
12066:
12061:
12056:
12051:
12046:
12041:
12036:
12031:
12026:
12021:
12020:
12019:
12012:Greco-Buddhism
12009:
12004:
12003:
12002:
11992:
11987:
11982:
11977:
11971:
11969:
11963:
11962:
11960:
11959:
11958:
11957:
11952:
11947:
11945:United Kingdom
11942:
11937:
11932:
11927:
11922:
11917:
11912:
11907:
11902:
11897:
11892:
11890:Czech Republic
11887:
11882:
11877:
11872:
11867:
11857:
11856:
11855:
11850:
11840:
11839:
11838:
11828:
11827:
11826:
11821:
11811:
11806:
11801:
11796:
11791:
11786:
11781:
11780:
11779:
11769:
11764:
11754:
11749:
11744:
11739:
11734:
11729:
11724:
11719:
11714:
11709:
11704:
11699:
11694:
11689:
11684:
11679:
11674:
11668:
11666:
11660:
11659:
11657:
11656:
11654:Abhidharmadīpa
11651:
11644:
11639:
11634:
11627:
11622:
11617:
11612:
11607:
11602:
11596:
11594:
11588:
11587:
11585:
11584:
11579:
11574:
11572:B. R. Ambedkar
11569:
11564:
11559:
11554:
11549:
11544:
11539:
11534:
11529:
11524:
11519:
11514:
11509:
11504:
11499:
11494:
11492:Songtsen Gampo
11489:
11484:
11479:
11474:
11469:
11464:
11459:
11454:
11449:
11444:
11439:
11434:
11429:
11423:
11421:
11415:
11414:
11412:
11411:
11406:
11405:
11404:
11394:
11389:
11384:
11379:
11374:
11369:
11368:
11367:
11357:
11352:
11347:
11342:
11337:
11332:
11327:
11322:
11317:
11312:
11307:
11302:
11296:
11294:
11288:
11287:
11285:
11284:
11283:
11282:
11277:
11272:
11267:
11257:
11252:
11247:
11242:
11236:
11234:
11228:
11227:
11225:
11224:
11219:
11218:
11217:
11207:
11206:
11205:
11200:
11195:
11185:
11184:
11183:
11178:
11173:
11171:Eight precepts
11168:
11158:
11157:
11156:
11151:
11146:
11141:
11131:
11130:
11129:
11119:
11114:
11109:
11108:
11107:
11102:
11097:
11087:
11082:
11077:
11072:
11067:
11066:
11065:
11060:
11050:
11045:
11044:
11043:
11038:
11033:
11028:
11023:
11018:
11013:
11008:
11003:
10998:
10993:
10983:
10978:
10973:
10968:
10959:
10949:
10944:
10942:Five Strengths
10939:
10934:
10929:
10924:
10919:
10914:
10909:
10908:
10907:
10902:
10897:
10892:
10882:
10877:
10871:
10869:
10863:
10862:
10860:
10859:
10854:
10849:
10844:
10839:
10834:
10833:
10832:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10807:
10806:
10805:
10800:
10795:
10790:
10785:
10780:
10775:
10770:
10769:
10768:
10763:
10758:
10753:
10737:
10735:
10729:
10728:
10726:
10725:
10720:
10719:
10718:
10713:
10708:
10703:
10698:
10693:
10683:
10677:
10675:
10669:
10668:
10666:
10665:
10660:
10659:
10658:
10653:
10648:
10638:
10633:
10628:
10623:
10618:
10613:
10608:
10603:
10598:
10593:
10588:
10583:
10581:Mental factors
10578:
10573:
10568:
10563:
10558:
10553:
10548:
10543:
10538:
10533:
10528:
10522:
10520:
10514:
10513:
10511:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10495:
10490:
10485:
10480:
10475:
10470:
10465:
10460:
10455:
10450:
10445:
10440:
10435:
10433:Mahamoggallāna
10430:
10425:
10420:
10414:
10412:
10406:
10405:
10403:
10402:
10397:
10392:
10387:
10382:
10377:
10372:
10367:
10362:
10357:
10356:
10355:
10348:Avalokiteśvara
10344:
10342:
10336:
10335:
10333:
10332:
10327:
10322:
10321:
10320:
10312:
10304:
10296:
10288:
10280:
10272:
10259:
10254:
10249:
10244:
10239:
10234:
10229:
10224:
10219:
10214:
10209:
10204:
10198:
10196:
10190:
10189:
10187:
10186:
10181:
10176:
10171:
10170:
10169:
10164:
10159:
10149:
10143:
10141:
10135:
10134:
10132:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10110:
10107:
10106:
10087:
10086:
10079:
10072:
10064:
10055:
10054:
10052:
10051:
10031:
10023:
10020:
10019:
10017:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9969:Mahā-Kātyāyana
9966:
9961:
9956:
9951:
9946:
9944:
9938:
9937:
9932:
9927:
9917:
9907:
9902:
9897:
9895:
9889:
9888:
9876:
9871:
9866:
9861:
9856:
9854:
9848:
9847:
9842:
9837:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9795:Avalokiteśvara
9792:
9790:
9786:
9784:
9780:
9779:
9777:
9776:
9774:Ten suchnesses
9771:
9769:Skillful Means
9766:
9761:
9759:Eternal Buddha
9756:
9751:
9746:
9740:
9738:
9734:
9733:
9726:
9724:
9722:
9721:
9714:
9707:
9691:
9689:
9685:
9684:
9679:
9676:
9675:
9666:
9665:
9658:
9651:
9643:
9637:
9636:
9630:
9625:
9615:
9609:
9599:
9598:External links
9596:
9595:
9594:
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9583:
9579:
9578:
9568:
9567:
9563:
9562:
9553:
9538:
9537:
9533:
9532:
9511:
9502:
9480:(2): 151–170.
9464:
9463:
9459:
9458:
9448:
9440:
9439:
9434:
9431:
9429:
9428:
9401:
9380:
9371:
9362:
9353:
9344:
9335:
9326:
9317:
9310:
9301:
9292:
9267:(4): 933–964,
9249:
9222:
9188:
9182:
9174:Somerville, MA
9165:
9150:
9143:
9134:
9125:
9116:
9111:
9098:
9077:
9056:
9051:
9045:, SUNY Press,
9038:
9030:
9028:, Anchor Books
9021:
9000:
8991:
8982:
8973:
8944:
8935:
8926:
8921:
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8903:
8890:
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8470:
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8443:
8430:
8417:
8393:
8384:
8375:
8363:
8351:
8341:
8320:
8311:
8298:
8280:
8268:
8266:, p. 108.
8256:
8254:, p. 107.
8241:
8229:
8210:
8198:
8187:
8176:
8146:
8128:
8117:
8097:
8093:Dumoulin 2005b
8085:
8076:
8059:. Issue 12 of
8045:
8009:
7998:
7983:
7962:
7941:
7928:
7911:
7908:on 2012-03-30.
7892:
7879:
7858:
7846:
7834:
7821:
7794:
7778:
7756:
7750:978-1624661907
7749:
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7714:
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7691:
7679:
7662:
7649:
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7626:
7608:
7588:
7573:
7556:
7535:
7512:
7503:
7488:
7466:
7422:
7415:
7397:
7395:, p. 126.
7385:
7363:
7340:
7328:
7315:
7303:
7291:
7276:
7257:
7244:
7229:
7217:
7202:
7190:
7177:
7165:
7153:
7138:
7126:
7113:
7111:, p. 114.
7101:
7084:
7059:
7035:
7011:
6987:
6963:
6936:
6924:
6911:
6898:
6883:
6871:
6859:
6846:
6833:
6820:
6808:
6796:
6784:
6768:
6756:
6744:
6732:
6725:
6700:
6688:
6673:
6664:
6648:
6636:
6634:, p. 161.
6621:
6608:
6596:
6583:
6581:, p. 169.
6568:
6553:
6551:, p. 105.
6541:
6539:, p. 104.
6526:
6509:
6497:
6485:
6483:, p. 108.
6473:
6452:
6440:
6425:
6423:, p. 263.
6413:
6396:
6383:
6364:
6345:
6304:
6289:
6272:
6249:
6238:
6217:
6207:
6189:
6177:
6158:
6143:
6122:
6099:
6097:, p. 207.
6087:
6060:
6043:
6016:
5999:
5984:
5982:, p. 153.
5971:
5968:
5967:
5931:citation style
5926:
5924:
5917:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5905:
5879:
5875:Philip Kapleau
5844:
5825:
5808:
5787:
5770:
5745:
5732:Sri-mala-sutra
5719:
5710:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5654:Platform Sutra
5646:
5639:
5611:Platform Sutra
5601:
5598:
5597:
5578:
5565:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5487:
5486:
5479:
5460:
5429:
5426:
5286:and non-self (
5267:
5264:
5240:
5237:
5217:
5216:Essential self
5214:
5212:of awakening.
5201:
5198:
5162:
5159:
5121:
5118:
5080:
5077:
5032:
5029:
5004:Sakya scholar
4968:
4965:
4938:commentary of
4848:Madhyamakāloka
4821:
4818:
4762:total negation
4748:
4747:
4743:
4717:
4714:
4602:topped with a
4588:
4585:
4523:Prajñaparamita
4515:k'ung-chi chih
4511:Guifeng Zongmi
4481:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4470:
4463:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4397:Zen Narratives
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4357:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4339:Shunryū Suzuki
4336:
4334:Taizan Maezumi
4331:
4326:
4315:
4314:
4312:Thích Thiên-Ân
4309:
4304:
4302:Thích Thanh Từ
4299:
4297:Trần Nhân Tông
4294:
4292:Trần Thái Tông
4283:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4195:
4194:
4192:Hanshan Deqing
4189:
4180:Post-classical
4176:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3951:Platform Sutra
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3878:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3842:Buddhist chant
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3738:Zen and Sutras
3729:
3728:
3723:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3618:
3610:
3602:
3594:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3572:
3571:
3563:
3562:
3546:
3545:
3534:
3531:
3480:
3477:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3415:
3412:
3358:
3355:
3330:tathāgatagarba
3261:
3256:
3244:Principle (Li)
3232:the two truths
3170:
3167:
3165:in the alaya.
3108:Ratnākaraśānti
3062:
3059:
3010:Madhyamakaloka
2955:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2944:
2927:
2898:
2895:
2864:
2863:
2856:
2843:
2725:
2720:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2678:
2654:
2631:
2607:
2591:
2577:
2540:
2502:
2499:
2386:
2377:
2324:
2315:
2230:
2227:
2222:Main article:
2219:
2216:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2108:
2107:is being used.
2065:
2058:
2050:
2049:
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2002:
1999:
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1936:
1935:
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1730:
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1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1693:Rangjung Dorje
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1663:Ratnākaraśānti
1660:
1655:
1653:Śaṅkaranandana
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1603:Shāntarakshita
1600:
1595:
1590:
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1500:
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1470:Chung Tai Shan
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
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1260:
1253:
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1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1173:Avalokiteśvara
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:Three Turnings
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1064:Three vehicles
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1029:Skillful Means
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1002:
1001:
998:
997:
989:
988:
980:
979:
968:
965:
888:Gautama Buddha
851:nature of mind
847:sentient being
706:
705:
703:
702:
695:
688:
680:
677:
676:
675:
674:
659:
658:
655:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
548:
543:
542:
539:
538:
535:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
488:
483:
482:
479:
478:
475:
474:
469:
464:
462:Pratyekabuddha
459:
454:
449:
443:
438:
437:
434:
433:
430:
429:
424:
419:
417:Buddhist chant
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
338:
333:
332:
329:
328:
325:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
278:
275:Buddhist texts
273:
272:
269:
268:
265:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
203:
202:
192:
186:
183:
182:
177:
171:
170:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
120:
115:
114:
111:
110:
109:
108:
103:
98:
90:
89:
81:
80:
74:
73:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12780:
12769:
12766:
12764:
12761:
12759:
12756:
12754:
12751:
12749:
12746:
12744:
12743:Buddha-nature
12741:
12740:
12738:
12723:
12718:
12713:
12711:
12703:
12702:
12699:
12693:
12690:
12688:
12685:
12683:
12680:
12678:
12675:
12673:
12670:
12668:
12665:
12663:
12660:
12659:
12657:
12655:
12651:
12645:
12642:
12640:
12637:
12635:
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12630:
12627:
12625:
12622:
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12617:
12615:
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12610:
12607:
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12602:
12600:
12597:
12593:
12590:
12588:
12585:
12584:
12583:
12580:
12578:
12575:
12574:
12572:
12570:
12566:
12558:
12555:
12553:
12550:
12549:
12548:
12545:
12543:
12540:
12538:
12535:
12533:
12530:
12528:
12525:
12523:
12520:
12518:
12515:
12513:
12510:
12508:
12505:
12503:
12500:
12498:
12495:
12493:
12490:
12489:
12487:
12485:
12484:Miscellaneous
12481:
12475:
12474:Vegetarianism
12472:
12470:
12467:
12463:
12460:
12458:
12455:
12453:
12450:
12448:
12445:
12443:
12440:
12439:
12438:
12435:
12433:
12430:
12428:
12425:
12423:
12420:
12418:
12415:
12411:
12408:
12406:
12403:
12401:
12398:
12396:
12393:
12391:
12388:
12387:
12386:
12383:
12381:
12378:
12376:
12373:
12369:
12366:
12365:
12364:
12361:
12359:
12356:
12354:
12351:
12349:
12346:
12342:
12339:
12337:
12334:
12332:
12329:
12327:
12324:
12322:
12319:
12318:
12317:
12314:
12312:
12309:
12307:
12304:
12302:
12299:
12297:
12296:Buddha in art
12294:
12292:
12289:
12287:
12284:
12280:
12277:
12276:
12275:
12272:
12268:
12265:
12263:
12260:
12258:
12255:
12253:
12250:
12248:
12245:
12243:
12240:
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12231:
12228:
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12226:
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12221:
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12138:
12135:
12133:
12130:
12128:
12125:
12123:
12120:
12118:
12115:
12113:
12110:
12108:
12105:
12103:
12100:
12098:
12095:
12093:
12090:
12089:
12087:
12085:
12081:
12075:
12072:
12070:
12067:
12065:
12062:
12060:
12057:
12055:
12052:
12050:
12047:
12045:
12042:
12040:
12037:
12035:
12032:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12022:
12018:
12015:
12014:
12013:
12010:
12008:
12005:
12001:
11998:
11997:
11996:
11993:
11991:
11988:
11986:
11983:
11981:
11978:
11976:
11973:
11972:
11970:
11968:
11964:
11956:
11953:
11951:
11950:United States
11948:
11946:
11943:
11941:
11938:
11936:
11933:
11931:
11928:
11926:
11923:
11921:
11918:
11916:
11913:
11911:
11908:
11906:
11903:
11901:
11898:
11896:
11893:
11891:
11888:
11886:
11883:
11881:
11878:
11876:
11873:
11871:
11868:
11866:
11863:
11862:
11861:
11858:
11854:
11851:
11849:
11846:
11845:
11844:
11841:
11837:
11834:
11833:
11832:
11829:
11825:
11822:
11820:
11817:
11816:
11815:
11812:
11810:
11807:
11805:
11802:
11800:
11797:
11795:
11792:
11790:
11787:
11785:
11782:
11777:
11773:
11770:
11768:
11765:
11763:
11760:
11759:
11758:
11755:
11753:
11750:
11748:
11745:
11743:
11740:
11738:
11735:
11733:
11730:
11728:
11725:
11723:
11720:
11718:
11715:
11713:
11710:
11708:
11705:
11703:
11700:
11698:
11695:
11693:
11690:
11688:
11685:
11683:
11680:
11678:
11675:
11673:
11670:
11669:
11667:
11665:
11661:
11655:
11652:
11650:
11649:
11645:
11643:
11640:
11638:
11635:
11633:
11632:
11628:
11626:
11623:
11621:
11618:
11616:
11613:
11611:
11608:
11606:
11603:
11601:
11598:
11597:
11595:
11593:
11589:
11583:
11580:
11578:
11575:
11573:
11570:
11568:
11565:
11563:
11560:
11558:
11555:
11553:
11550:
11548:
11545:
11543:
11540:
11538:
11535:
11533:
11530:
11528:
11525:
11523:
11520:
11518:
11515:
11513:
11510:
11508:
11507:Padmasambhava
11505:
11503:
11500:
11498:
11495:
11493:
11490:
11488:
11485:
11483:
11480:
11478:
11475:
11473:
11470:
11468:
11465:
11463:
11460:
11458:
11455:
11453:
11450:
11448:
11445:
11443:
11440:
11438:
11435:
11433:
11430:
11428:
11425:
11424:
11422:
11420:
11419:Major figures
11416:
11410:
11407:
11403:
11400:
11399:
11398:
11395:
11393:
11390:
11388:
11385:
11383:
11380:
11378:
11375:
11373:
11370:
11366:
11365:Western tulku
11363:
11362:
11361:
11358:
11356:
11353:
11351:
11348:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11326:
11323:
11321:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11311:
11308:
11306:
11303:
11301:
11298:
11297:
11295:
11293:
11289:
11281:
11278:
11276:
11273:
11271:
11268:
11266:
11263:
11262:
11261:
11258:
11256:
11253:
11251:
11248:
11246:
11243:
11241:
11238:
11237:
11235:
11233:
11229:
11223:
11220:
11216:
11213:
11212:
11211:
11208:
11204:
11201:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11190:
11189:
11186:
11182:
11179:
11177:
11174:
11172:
11169:
11167:
11166:Five precepts
11164:
11163:
11162:
11159:
11155:
11152:
11150:
11147:
11145:
11144:Dhamma vicaya
11142:
11140:
11137:
11136:
11135:
11132:
11128:
11125:
11124:
11123:
11120:
11118:
11115:
11113:
11110:
11106:
11103:
11101:
11098:
11096:
11093:
11092:
11091:
11088:
11086:
11083:
11081:
11078:
11076:
11073:
11071:
11068:
11064:
11061:
11059:
11056:
11055:
11054:
11051:
11049:
11046:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11032:
11029:
11027:
11024:
11022:
11019:
11017:
11014:
11012:
11009:
11007:
11004:
11002:
10999:
10997:
10994:
10991:
10987:
10984:
10982:
10979:
10977:
10974:
10972:
10969:
10966:
10965:
10960:
10958:
10955:
10954:
10953:
10950:
10948:
10945:
10943:
10940:
10938:
10935:
10933:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10923:
10920:
10918:
10915:
10913:
10912:Buddhābhiṣeka
10910:
10906:
10903:
10901:
10898:
10896:
10893:
10891:
10888:
10887:
10886:
10883:
10881:
10878:
10876:
10873:
10872:
10870:
10868:
10864:
10858:
10855:
10853:
10850:
10848:
10845:
10843:
10840:
10838:
10835:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10812:
10811:
10808:
10804:
10801:
10799:
10796:
10794:
10791:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10774:
10771:
10767:
10764:
10762:
10759:
10757:
10754:
10752:
10749:
10748:
10747:
10744:
10743:
10742:
10739:
10738:
10736:
10734:
10730:
10724:
10721:
10717:
10714:
10712:
10709:
10707:
10704:
10702:
10699:
10697:
10694:
10692:
10689:
10688:
10687:
10684:
10682:
10679:
10678:
10676:
10674:
10670:
10664:
10661:
10657:
10654:
10652:
10649:
10647:
10644:
10643:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10629:
10627:
10624:
10622:
10619:
10617:
10614:
10612:
10609:
10607:
10604:
10602:
10599:
10597:
10594:
10592:
10589:
10587:
10584:
10582:
10579:
10577:
10574:
10572:
10569:
10567:
10564:
10562:
10559:
10557:
10556:Enlightenment
10554:
10552:
10549:
10547:
10546:Dhamma theory
10544:
10542:
10541:Buddha-nature
10539:
10537:
10534:
10532:
10529:
10527:
10524:
10523:
10521:
10519:
10515:
10509:
10506:
10504:
10501:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10479:
10476:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10434:
10431:
10429:
10426:
10424:
10421:
10419:
10416:
10415:
10413:
10411:
10407:
10401:
10398:
10396:
10393:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10381:
10380:Samantabhadra
10378:
10376:
10373:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10361:
10358:
10354:
10351:
10350:
10349:
10346:
10345:
10343:
10341:
10337:
10331:
10328:
10326:
10323:
10319:
10313:
10311:
10305:
10303:
10297:
10295:
10289:
10287:
10281:
10279:
10273:
10271:
10265:
10264:
10263:
10260:
10258:
10255:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10220:
10218:
10215:
10213:
10210:
10208:
10205:
10203:
10200:
10199:
10197:
10195:
10191:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10168:
10165:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10154:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10144:
10142:
10140:
10136:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10112:
10111:
10108:
10103:
10098:
10093:
10085:
10080:
10078:
10073:
10071:
10066:
10065:
10062:
10049:
10048:
10043:
10042:
10037:
10036:
10032:
10030:
10029:
10025:
10024:
10021:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9965:
9962:
9960:
9957:
9955:
9952:
9950:
9947:
9945:
9943:
9940:
9939:
9936:
9933:
9931:
9928:
9925:
9921:
9918:
9915:
9911:
9908:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9890:
9886:
9885:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9853:
9850:
9849:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9830:Pure Practice
9828:
9826:
9825:Firm Practice
9823:
9821:
9820:Samantabhadra
9818:
9816:
9815:Medicine King
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9800:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9787:
9785:
9781:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9767:
9765:
9764:Six Pāramitās
9762:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9749:Buddha-nature
9747:
9745:
9742:
9741:
9739:
9735:
9730:
9720:
9719:
9715:
9713:
9712:
9708:
9706:
9705:
9700:
9699:
9698:
9693:
9692:
9690:
9686:
9682:
9677:
9673:
9672:
9664:
9659:
9657:
9652:
9650:
9645:
9644:
9641:
9635:
9631:
9629:
9626:
9623:
9622:Nirvana Sutra
9619:
9616:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9607:
9602:
9601:
9591:
9586:
9585:
9581:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9569:
9565:
9564:
9559:
9554:
9552:
9548:
9544:
9540:
9539:
9535:
9534:
9526:
9519:
9518:
9514:Lai, Whalen,
9512:
9508:
9503:
9499:
9495:
9491:
9487:
9483:
9479:
9475:
9471:
9466:
9465:
9461:
9460:
9457:
9456:0-7914-0428-5
9453:
9449:
9446:
9442:
9441:
9437:
9436:
9422:
9418:
9414:
9407:
9402:
9395:
9388:
9387:
9381:
9377:
9372:
9368:
9363:
9359:
9354:
9350:
9345:
9341:
9336:
9332:
9327:
9323:
9318:
9315:
9311:
9307:
9302:
9298:
9293:
9290:on 2017-02-23
9286:
9282:
9278:
9274:
9270:
9266:
9262:
9255:
9250:
9241:on 2014-07-14
9237:
9230:
9229:
9223:
9213:on 2011-08-11
9209:
9205:
9201:
9194:
9189:
9185:
9179:
9175:
9171:
9166:
9163:
9162:0-500-81032-X
9159:
9155:
9151:
9148:
9144:
9140:
9135:
9131:
9126:
9122:
9117:
9114:
9112:0-06-069976-0
9108:
9104:
9099:
9095:
9091:
9087:
9083:
9078:
9071:
9064:
9063:
9057:
9054:
9048:
9044:
9043:Buddha Nature
9039:
9036:
9031:
9027:
9022:
9018:
9014:
9010:
9006:
9001:
8997:
8992:
8988:
8983:
8979:
8974:
8970:
8964:
8956:
8952:
8951:
8945:
8941:
8936:
8932:
8927:
8924:
8918:
8914:
8909:
8906:
8900:
8896:
8891:
8887:
8882:
8878:
8874:
8869:
8865:
8860:
8859:
8848:. Tokyo: p. 4
8847:
8841:
8834:
8833:0-7914-0172-3
8830:
8826:
8820:
8813:
8807:
8800:
8799:0-7914-0172-3
8796:
8792:
8786:
8779:
8773:
8764:
8756:
8749:
8742:
8734:
8728:
8724:
8717:
8708:
8706:
8704:
8695:
8691:
8687:
8680:
8678:
8676:
8674:
8665:
8658:
8650:
8643:
8636:
8630:
8623:
8617:
8609:
8603:
8594:
8587:
8581:
8573:
8569:
8565:
8558:
8552:, p. 72.
8551:
8546:
8539:
8533:
8526:
8520:
8513:
8507:
8501:, p. 77.
8500:
8495:
8489:, p. 68.
8488:
8483:
8481:
8479:
8477:
8475:
8468:, p. 76.
8467:
8462:
8460:
8453:, p. 75.
8452:
8447:
8440:
8434:
8427:
8421:
8414:
8411:
8407:
8403:
8397:
8388:
8379:
8373:, p. 74.
8372:
8367:
8361:, p. 73.
8360:
8355:
8345:
8338:
8334:
8330:
8324:
8315:
8308:
8302:
8295:
8289:
8287:
8285:
8277:
8276:Williams 1994
8272:
8265:
8264:Williams 1994
8260:
8253:
8252:Williams 1994
8248:
8246:
8238:
8237:Williams 1994
8233:
8227:, p. 66.
8226:
8221:
8219:
8217:
8215:
8208:, p. 79.
8207:
8202:
8196:
8191:
8185:
8180:
8173:
8172:4-412-01024-4
8169:
8165:
8161:
8158:
8157:
8150:
8142:
8138:
8132:
8124:
8120:
8114:
8110:
8109:
8101:
8094:
8089:
8080:
8073:
8070:
8066:
8062:
8058:
8052:
8050:
8040:
8035:
8031:
8027:
8023:
8016:
8014:
8007:
8002:
7994:
7987:
7979:
7973:
7965:
7963:0-86547-442-7
7959:
7955:
7951:
7945:
7938:
7932:
7925:
7921:
7915:
7907:
7903:
7896:
7889:
7883:
7876:
7873:, Chapter 7,
7872:
7868:
7862:
7855:
7850:
7843:
7838:
7831:
7825:
7819:
7815:
7811:
7807:
7804:Hamar, Imre.
7801:
7799:
7791:
7785:
7783:
7775:
7771:
7765:
7763:
7761:
7752:
7746:
7742:
7735:
7728:
7724:
7718:
7709:
7700:
7698:
7696:
7686:
7684:
7676:
7672:
7666:
7659:
7653:
7646:
7640:
7638:
7629:
7627:0-02-865719-5
7623:
7619:
7612:
7605:
7601:
7598:
7592:
7585:
7584:Williams 1994
7580:
7578:
7570:
7565:
7563:
7561:
7553:
7552:0-8248-1253-0
7549:
7545:
7539:
7533:
7529:
7526:
7522:
7516:
7507:
7501:, p. 11.
7500:
7495:
7493:
7483:
7481:
7479:
7477:
7475:
7473:
7471:
7462:
7458:
7454:
7450:
7446:
7442:
7435:
7433:
7431:
7429:
7427:
7418:
7412:
7408:
7401:
7394:
7393:Snelling 1987
7389:
7370:
7366:
7364:9780887064043
7360:
7353:
7352:
7344:
7338:, p. 63.
7337:
7332:
7325:
7319:
7313:, p. 58.
7312:
7307:
7300:
7299:Williams 2000
7295:
7289:, p. 56.
7288:
7283:
7281:
7274:, p. 55.
7273:
7268:
7266:
7264:
7262:
7254:
7248:
7242:, p. 57.
7241:
7236:
7234:
7227:, p. 46.
7226:
7221:
7215:, p. 46.
7214:
7209:
7207:
7200:, p. 43.
7199:
7194:
7187:
7181:
7175:, p. 84.
7174:
7173:Lusthaus 1998
7169:
7162:
7157:
7150:
7145:
7143:
7136:, p. 53.
7135:
7130:
7123:
7117:
7110:
7105:
7098:
7094:
7088:
7074:
7070:
7063:
7049:
7045:
7039:
7025:
7021:
7015:
7001:
6997:
6991:
6977:
6973:
6967:
6953:
6949:
6943:
6941:
6934:, p. 10.
6933:
6928:
6921:
6915:
6908:
6902:
6895:
6894:Williams 2002
6890:
6888:
6881:, p. 52.
6880:
6875:
6868:
6867:Yamamoto 1975
6863:
6856:
6850:
6843:
6837:
6830:
6824:
6818:, p. 12.
6817:
6812:
6805:
6800:
6793:
6788:
6782:
6778:
6772:
6765:
6760:
6753:
6748:
6742:, p. 50.
6741:
6736:
6728:
6726:9780231142885
6722:
6718:
6714:
6710:
6704:
6697:
6692:
6685:
6680:
6678:
6668:
6660:
6652:
6645:
6644:Lusthaus 1998
6640:
6633:
6632:Williams 2000
6628:
6626:
6618:
6612:
6606:, p. 56.
6605:
6600:
6593:
6587:
6580:
6575:
6573:
6565:
6560:
6558:
6550:
6545:
6538:
6533:
6531:
6524:, p. 44.
6523:
6518:
6516:
6514:
6507:, p. 41.
6506:
6501:
6495:, p. 40.
6494:
6489:
6482:
6477:
6471:, p. 45.
6470:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6459:
6457:
6450:, p. 48.
6449:
6444:
6438:, p. ix.
6437:
6432:
6430:
6422:
6417:
6410:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6393:
6387:
6381:, p. 45.
6380:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6362:, p. 44.
6361:
6356:
6354:
6352:
6350:
6342:
6337:
6335:
6333:
6331:
6329:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6315:
6313:
6311:
6309:
6302:, p. 73.
6301:
6296:
6294:
6287:, p. 14.
6286:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6269:
6264:
6262:
6260:
6258:
6256:
6254:
6246:
6241:
6239:9780791477984
6235:
6231:
6224:
6222:
6214:
6210:
6208:9781570624001
6204:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6181:
6174:
6169:
6167:
6165:
6163:
6155:
6150:
6148:
6141:, p. 54.
6140:
6135:
6133:
6131:
6129:
6127:
6120:, p. 42.
6119:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6106:
6104:
6096:
6091:
6083:
6076:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6058:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6033:
6029:
6023:
6021:
6014:, p. 45.
6013:
6008:
6006:
6004:
5996:
5991:
5989:
5981:
5976:
5972:
5964:
5961:
5953:
5943:
5939:
5933:
5932:
5927:This article
5925:
5916:
5915:
5883:
5876:
5872:
5871:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5853:Seminal Heart
5848:
5841:
5837:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5818:
5812:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5791:
5784:
5780:
5774:
5767:
5763:
5761:
5755:
5749:
5742:
5738:
5733:
5729:
5723:
5714:
5705:
5693:
5676:
5664:
5663:
5655:
5651:
5648:According to
5647:
5644:
5640:
5637:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5620:
5619:Shobogenzo 43
5616:
5612:
5606:
5602:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5582:
5575:
5569:
5563:
5557:
5553:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5491:
5484:
5480:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5425:
5421:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5378:
5375:
5371:
5370:
5369:Nirvāṇa-sūtra
5365:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5252:
5250:
5246:
5236:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5222:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5197:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5182:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5167:Rimé movement
5161:Rimé movement
5157:
5152:
5150:
5145:
5143:
5137:
5132:
5130:
5126:
5116:
5114:
5108:
5106:
5102:
5097:
5095:
5091:
5086:
5076:
5074:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5059:
5053:
5051:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5028:
5026:
5025:Sakya Chokden
5021:
5016:
5014:
5009:
5007:
5002:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4990:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4972:Sakya Pandita
4964:
4962:
4957:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4946:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4875:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4845:Kamalashila"s
4842:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4827:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4785:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4744:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4723:
4713:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4699:, founded by
4698:
4694:
4692:
4686:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4643:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4605:
4601:
4598:
4593:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4519:Srimala sutra
4516:
4512:
4507:
4505:
4501:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4487:Chan Buddhism
4476:
4471:
4469:
4464:
4462:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4361:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4259:Seon in Korea
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4118:Huineng (Enō)
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4091:
4090:Chán in China
4083:
4082:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4044:Rinzai school
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3989:Oxhead school
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3924:Chinese texts
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3876:
3875:Zen scripture
3871:
3870:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3847:Dharma combat
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3661:Buddha-nature
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:The "essence"
3638:
3637:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3586:Main articles
3583:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3565:
3564:
3558:
3556:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3485:Huayan school
3476:
3474:
3470:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:Nirvana sutra
3448:
3447:
3440:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3372:
3369:
3363:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3339:, the Korean
3338:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3326:Liang dynasty
3323:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3271:
3266:
3260:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3238:, non-being (
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3203:Nirvana Sutra
3199:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3183:Nirvāṇa Sūtra
3180:
3175:
3166:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3120:alaya-vijñana
3116:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3096:Jñanasrimitra
3092:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3068:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3031:
3027:
3025:
3024:Paul Williams
3021:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2982:According to
2979:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2891:luminous mind
2887:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2832:
2830:
2829:conceptuality
2826:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2752:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2724:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2688:three natures
2685:
2684:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2668:ālāya-vijñāna
2665:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2620:Nirvana sutra
2618:) - Like the
2617:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2529:luminous mind
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2480:Nirvana sutra
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2451:
2444:
2439:
2437:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2408:
2403:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2384:Nirvana Sūtra
2381:
2376:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2269:cittasvabhāva
2266:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2243:luminous mind
2240:
2236:
2233:According to
2225:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2155:
2149:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2116:Paul Williams
2113:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2039:of Tathāgata.
2038:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1991:alaya-vijñana
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1683:Sakya Pandita
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1623:Dahui Zonggao
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1455:Fo Guang Shan
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:Major schools
1384:
1383:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1203:Samantabhadra
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1158:Bhaiṣajyaguru
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1099:Luminous mind
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1024:Buddha-nature
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1000:
999:
995:
991:
990:
987:
982:
981:
977:
973:
972:
964:
962:
961:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
864:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
831:luminous mind
828:
824:
821:and later in
820:
815:
813:
812:. Buddhadhātu
809:
805:
804:
799:
795:
791:
787:
786:sugatagarbha,
783:
782:
777:
776:
771:
768:
764:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
730:
725:
721:
720:Buddha-nature
717:
713:
701:
696:
694:
689:
687:
682:
681:
679:
678:
673:
668:
663:
662:
661:
660:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
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610:
608:
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603:
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598:
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590:
588:
585:
583:
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568:
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563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
549:
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541:
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533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
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503:
500:
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489:
486:
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473:
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468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
441:
436:
435:
428:
427:Vegetarianism
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
382:Recollections
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
352:Five precepts
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
339:
336:
331:
330:
323:
320:
318:
317:Chinese canon
315:
313:
312:Tibetan canon
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
276:
271:
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263:
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178:
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172:
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157:
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150:
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145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
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127:
125:
122:
121:
118:
113:
112:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
93:
92:
91:
87:
83:
82:
79:
76:
75:
71:
67:
66:
60:
56:
55:luminous mind
52:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
18:Buddha nature
12662:Bodhisattvas
12582:Christianity
12577:Baháʼí Faith
12442:Dharmachakra
12432:Prayer wheel
12422:Prayer beads
12190:Architecture
12069:969 Movement
11853:Saudi Arabia
11831:Central Asia
11824:South Africa
11646:
11629:
11562:Panchen Lama
11467:Buddhapālita
11063:Satipatthana
11058:Mindful Yoga
10971:Recollection
10885:Brahmavihara
10756:Japanese Zen
10751:Chinese Chan
10711:Animal realm
10540:
10518:Key concepts
10340:Bodhisattvas
10152:Three Jewels
10045:
10039:
10033:
10026:
9964:Mahā-Kāśyapa
9883:
9789:Bodhisattvas
9748:
9717:
9710:
9703:
9695:
9694:
9680:
9670:
9605:
9589:
9573:
9560:, SUNY Press
9557:
9542:
9525:the original
9516:
9506:
9498:the original
9477:
9473:
9444:
9421:the original
9416:
9412:
9394:the original
9385:
9378:, Karinbunko
9375:
9366:
9357:
9348:
9339:
9330:
9321:
9313:
9305:
9296:
9285:the original
9264:
9260:
9243:, retrieved
9236:the original
9227:
9215:, retrieved
9208:the original
9203:
9199:
9169:
9154:Sacred Tibet
9153:
9146:
9138:
9129:
9120:
9102:
9094:the original
9089:
9085:
9070:the original
9061:
9042:
9034:
9025:
9017:the original
9012:
9008:
8995:
8986:
8977:
8955:the original
8949:
8939:
8930:
8912:
8894:
8885:
8876:
8875:Uttaratantra
8872:
8863:
8845:
8840:
8824:
8819:
8811:
8806:
8790:
8785:
8777:
8772:
8763:
8754:
8741:
8722:
8716:
8693:
8689:
8663:
8657:
8648:
8642:
8634:
8629:
8621:
8616:
8602:
8593:
8585:
8580:
8572:the original
8567:
8557:
8545:
8537:
8532:
8524:
8519:
8511:
8506:
8494:
8446:
8438:
8433:
8425:
8420:
8401:
8396:
8387:
8378:
8366:
8354:
8344:
8339:, pp.107–108
8328:
8323:
8314:
8301:
8271:
8259:
8232:
8201:
8190:
8179:
8155:
8149:
8141:the original
8131:
8123:the original
8107:
8100:
8088:
8079:
8060:
8056:
8029:
8025:
8001:
7992:
7986:
7953:
7944:
7936:
7931:
7926:: pp. 63–64.
7923:
7919:
7914:
7906:the original
7895:
7887:
7882:
7874:
7870:
7866:
7861:
7849:
7837:
7829:
7824:
7809:
7789:
7769:
7740:
7734:
7726:
7717:
7708:
7674:
7665:
7657:
7652:
7644:
7617:
7611:
7591:
7543:
7538:
7520:
7515:
7506:
7444:
7440:
7406:
7400:
7388:
7376:. Retrieved
7369:the original
7350:
7343:
7331:
7323:
7318:
7306:
7294:
7252:
7247:
7220:
7193:
7185:
7180:
7168:
7161:Kapleau 1989
7156:
7129:
7122:Uttaratantra
7121:
7116:
7104:
7096:
7092:
7087:
7076:. Retrieved
7072:
7062:
7051:. Retrieved
7047:
7038:
7027:. Retrieved
7023:
7014:
7003:. Retrieved
6999:
6990:
6979:. Retrieved
6975:
6966:
6955:. Retrieved
6951:
6927:
6919:
6914:
6906:
6901:
6874:
6862:
6854:
6849:
6842:Uttaratantra
6841:
6836:
6829:Uttaratantra
6828:
6823:
6811:
6799:
6787:
6780:
6776:
6771:
6759:
6747:
6735:
6716:
6703:
6698:, p. 5.
6691:
6667:
6658:
6651:
6639:
6616:
6611:
6599:
6586:
6566:, p. 5.
6544:
6500:
6488:
6476:
6443:
6416:
6391:
6386:
6343:, p. 4.
6243:
6229:
6212:
6198:
6192:
6180:
6173:Gregory 1991
6095:Trainor 2004
6090:
6081:
6035:. Retrieved
6031:
5997:, p. 3.
5975:
5956:
5947:
5928:
5882:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5847:
5839:
5833:
5828:
5816:
5811:
5803:
5799:
5795:
5790:
5782:
5778:
5773:
5757:
5748:
5740:
5736:
5731:
5727:
5722:
5713:
5704:
5692:Everyday Zen
5691:
5674:
5660:
5622:
5605:
5590:
5587:
5581:
5568:
5556:
5541:Won Buddhism
5488:
5482:
5475:
5467:
5463:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5434:
5431:
5422:
5418:
5410:
5402:Dan Lusthaus
5397:
5393:
5389:
5381:
5379:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5360:
5354:
5349:
5341:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5317:Hindu monism
5312:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5275:
5269:
5253:
5248:
5244:
5242:
5232:
5227:
5225:
5219:
5209:
5208:, or as the
5203:
5183:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5164:
5154:
5146:
5139:
5134:
5123:
5112:
5110:
5098:
5082:
5070:
5056:
5054:
5044:
5034:
5023:
5018:
5010:
5003:
4987:
4976:Sakya school
4970:
4958:
4943:
4931:
4927:
4889:
4881:
4871:
4866:
4858:
4855:ālayavijñāna
4854:
4852:
4847:
4833:
4825:
4823:
4815:
4810:
4788:
4786:
4778:Ngok Lotsawa
4769:
4765:
4761:
4757:Uttaratantra
4756:
4752:Ngok Lotsawa
4749:
4735:
4725:
4704:
4695:
4688:
4683:
4674:Zen Buddhism
4667:
4651:Jōdo Shinshū
4644:
4639:
4615:
4609:
4581:Linji school
4573:
4564:
4558:
4553:
4545:
4538:Hakuin Ekaku
4527:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4484:
4358:
4324:D. T. Suzuki
4317:
4316:
4285:
4284:
4258:
4257:
4248:Hakuin Ekaku
4222:Zen in Japan
4221:
4220:
4199:Contemporary
4198:
4197:
4196:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4089:
4059:Sanbo Kyodan
4054:Ōbaku school
4009:Tibetan Chan
3923:
3922:
3921:
3880:
3879:
3731:
3730:
3714:
3713:
3686:
3685:
3660:
3644:
3622:
3614:
3606:
3598:
3568:Zen Buddhism
3554:
3528:
3520:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3466:
3450:
3445:
3442:
3437:
3417:
3407:
3403:
3373:
3364:
3360:
3340:
3336:
3334:
3329:
3315:
3309:
3305:
3303:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3269:
3258:
3251:
3239:
3223:
3202:
3193:
3189:
3187:
3182:
3155:
3151:Sambhogakāya
3144:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3100:Sakarasiddhi
3099:
3093:
3070:
3050:
3043:
3033:
3029:
3022:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2987:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2957:
2946:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2915:
2909:
2902:
2900:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2867:
2865:
2859:
2852:
2846:
2835:
2833:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2767:
2763:
2762:also called
2759:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2737:
2722:
2707:
2705:
2695:
2692:ālayavijñāna
2681:
2676:Laṅkāvatāra.
2675:
2671:
2657:
2650:
2640:
2634:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2580:
2573:
2569:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2536:
2532:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2467:
2463:
2455:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2406:
2394:
2383:
2379:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2326:
2322:Lotus Sutras
2321:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2272:
2268:
2261:Mahāsāṃghika
2254:
2246:
2238:
2232:
2212:sugatagarbha
2211:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2188:
2186:
2181:
2167:
2151:
2140:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2111:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2045:
2036:
2029:
2020:
2010:
2006:
2004:
1995:bodhisattvas
1978:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1930:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1891:
1887:
1885:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1864:
1723:D. T. Suzuki
1528:Buddhapālita
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1304:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1271:
1262:
1255:
1240:
1232:
1126:Bodhisattvas
1059:Three bodies
1023:
958:
950:
931:ālāyavijñāna
930:
918:
906:
904:
895:
891:
879:
875:
871:
861:
859:
838:
816:
811:
807:
801:
797:
793:
790:buddhagarbha
789:
785:
780:
779:
774:
773:
761:to become a
719:
709:
377:Merit making
342:Three Jewels
282:Buddhavacana
212:Impermanence
200:Dharma wheel
12507:Dharma talk
12336:Asalha Puja
12132:Eschatology
11935:Switzerland
11915:New Zealand
11843:Middle East
11752:Philippines
11672:Afghanistan
11477:Bodhidharma
11462:Buddhaghosa
11382:Householder
11292:Monasticism
11245:Bodhisattva
11100:Prostration
11053:Mindfulness
10981:Anapanasati
10964:Kammaṭṭhāna
10761:Korean Seon
10701:Asura realm
10696:Human realm
10636:Ten Fetters
10591:Parinirvana
10493:Uppalavanna
10458:Mahākaccana
10443:Mahākassapa
10375:Kṣitigarbha
10370:Ākāśagarbha
10267:Suddhodāna
10212:Four sights
10139:Foundations
9935:Dhṛtarāṣṭra
9783:Key figures
9744:Bodhisattva
9671:Lotus Sūtra
9360:, Routledge
9351:, Routledge
9342:, Routledge
7554:. pp. 1–29.
7324:インド学チベット学研究
7225:Wayman 1990
7198:Wayman 1990
7163:, p. .
7149:Schaik 2004
7134:Wayman 1990
7109:Harvey 1995
6879:Gethin 1998
6792:Wayman 1990
6696:Reeves 2008
6684:Reeves 2008
6646:, p. .
6604:Harvey 1995
6436:Wayman 1990
6409:Wayman 1990
6300:Jikido 2000
6270:, p. .
6118:Wayman 1990
6012:Wayman 1990
5804:buddhadhatu
5650:McRae (2003
5562:Samatājñāna
5526:Panentheism
5476:Upanishadic
5456:Upanishadic
5419:wei- hsin).
5276:hihan bukky
4984:Candrakirti
4980:dharmadhatu
4740:dharmadhatu
4705:Lotus Sutra
4678:Dōgen Zenji
4670:Sōtō school
4595:A Japanese
4550:D.T. Suzuki
4371:Institution
4318:Western Zen
4103:Bodhidharma
4049:Sōtō school
4039:Taego Order
4029:Jogye Order
3994:Heze school
3902:Lotus Sutra
3709:One Vehicle
3621:Vietnamese
3446:Lotus sutra
3432:Lotus Sutra
3388:dharmadhatu
3220:neo-daoism.
3179:Sui dynasty
3128:Srimaladevi
3124:Lankavatara
3098:who in his
2984:Candrakirti
2853:avyatibheda
2672:Laṅkāvatāra
2628:Dharmadhatu
2558:(*ekadhātu)
2554:sattvadhātu
2537:Śrīmālādevī
2525:one vehicle
2364:Lotus Sutra
2355:Lotus Sutra
2343:buddhajñāna
2295:Ekottarika
2265:mulavijñana
2235:Alex Wayman
2189:buddhadhātu
2148:Buddha-mind
2141:Buddhadhātu
2118:notes that
1925:"thus gone"
1761:Han Chinese
1583:Amoghavajra
1558:Bodhidharma
1548:Candrakīrti
1543:Dharmakīrti
1538:Bhāvaviveka
1493:Ashvaghosha
1482:Key figures
1241:Lotus Sūtra
1198:Ākāśagarbha
1193:Kṣitigarbha
1183:Vajrasattva
1074:One Vehicle
1009:Bodhisattva
880:buddhadhātu
878:. The term
876:buddhadhātu
843:afflictions
784:, but also
781:buddhadhātu
716:soteriology
612:New Zealand
467:Bodhisattva
452:Four Stages
407:Monasticism
387:Mindfulness
357:Perfections
287:Early Texts
59:afflictions
12763:Nonduality
12737:Categories
12624:Psychology
12604:Gnosticism
12592:Comparison
12587:Influences
12569:Comparison
12452:Bhavacakra
12410:Kushinagar
12385:Pilgrimage
12331:Māgha Pūjā
12286:Bodhi Tree
12102:Buddhology
12092:Abhidharma
12084:Philosophy
12017:Menander I
11885:Costa Rica
11836:Uzbekistan
11677:Bangladesh
11631:Dhammapada
11615:Pali Canon
11577:Ajahn Chah
11557:Dalai Lama
11457:Kumārajīva
11452:Vasubandhu
11427:The Buddha
11335:Zen master
11270:Sakadagami
11250:Buddhahood
11181:Pratimokṣa
10996:Shikantaza
10952:Meditation
10927:Deity yoga
10798:Madhyamaka
10691:Deva realm
10586:Mindstream
10536:Bodhicitta
10448:Aṅgulimāla
10315:Devadatta
10291:Yaśodharā
10194:The Buddha
10184:Middle Way
9930:Vaiśravaṇa
9916:daughters)
9912:(with ten
9688:Components
9245:2014-06-25
9217:21 January
8755:TheZenSite
8732:0824819497
8696:: 105–150.
8412:. Source:
8071:. Source:
7416:0824823710
7213:Brown 1994
7097:Volume One
7078:2023-08-11
7053:2023-08-12
7029:2023-10-13
7005:2023-10-13
6981:2023-10-13
6957:2023-10-13
6932:Brown 1994
6579:Shirō 1997
6469:Brown 1994
6421:Lopez 2001
6360:Brown 1994
6154:Sharf 2014
6082:TheZenSite
6037:2023-09-28
5950:March 2023
5942:footnoting
5910:References
5891:mountain?"
5855:series of
5840:pabhassara
5464:dharmakāya
5411:dhātuvāda.
5404:, certain
5382:dhātuvāda,
5179:gzhan tong
5171:rang stong
5129:Tsongkhapa
4911:Longchenpa
4903:Madhyamaka
4900:Prasangika
4861:) and the
4795:Prasaṅgika
4720:See also:
4636:Edo period
4610:The major
4500:Mazu Daoyi
4280:Seongcheol
3984:Sanjiejiao
3973:Traditions
3857:Zen poetry
3827:Samu (Zen)
3791:Shikantaza
3732:Background
3726:Buddhahood
3715:The "goal"
3414:In Tiantai
3322:Emperor Wu
3140:Mindstream
3132:Paramartha
3085:Sthiramati
3081:Vasubandhu
3065:See also:
3036:Madhyamaka
3014:luminosity
3006:Kamalasila
2992:Go Lotsawa
2972:Tarkajvala
2960:Madhyamaka
2942:Vasubandhu
2938:Paramartha
2924:Ratnagotra
2920:Paramartha
2903:Ratnagotra
2872:dharmakāya
2821:dharmakaya
2742:adamantine
2587:Aṅgulimāla
2566:buddhahood
2486:), bliss (
2318:Avatamsaka
2293:is in the
2193:dharmakāya
2146:See also:
1985:, (2) the
1975:Go Lotsawa
1703:Longchenpa
1698:Tsongkhapa
1613:Mazu Daoyi
1598:Shāntideva
1523:Sthiramati
1518:Vasubandhu
1508:Kumārajīva
1465:Fa Gu Shan
1395:Mādhyamaka
1143:Adi-Buddha
1133:Shakyamuni
1094:Pure Lands
1049:Two truths
1014:Buddhahood
923:Mādhyamaka
884:the relics
855:recognized
823:East Asian
485:Traditions
422:Pilgrimage
362:Meditation
322:Post-canon
302:Pāli Canon
232:Middle Way
129:The Buddha
36:Shōbōgenzō
12692:Festivals
12672:Buddhists
12634:Theosophy
12437:Symbolism
12427:Hama yumi
12400:Bodh Gaya
12167:Socialism
12142:Evolution
12117:Economics
11955:Venezuela
11870:Australia
11865:Argentina
11789:Sri Lanka
11784:Singapore
11702:Indonesia
11664:Countries
11605:Tripiṭaka
11567:Ajahn Mun
11442:Nagarjuna
11437:Aśvaghoṣa
11320:Anagārika
11315:Śrāmaṇerī
11310:Śrāmaṇera
11305:Bhikkhunī
11265:Sotāpanna
11154:Passaddhi
11095:Offerings
11070:Nekkhamma
10947:Iddhipada
10867:Practices
10837:Theravada
10810:Vajrayana
10803:Yogachara
10773:Pure Land
10686:Six Paths
10673:Cosmology
10453:Anuruddha
10428:Sāriputta
10418:Kaundinya
10410:Disciples
10385:Vajrapāṇi
10237:Footprint
10202:Tathāgata
10014:Yaśodharā
9999:Śāriputra
9959:Kauṇḍinya
9954:Aniruddha
9920:Nāgakanya
9879:Vairocana
9864:Akshobhya
9754:Emptiness
9281:144208166
8568:Simhanada
7972:cite book
6564:King 1991
6448:King 1991
6341:King 1991
6285:King 1991
6185:King 1991
5798:the term
5783:bahuvrīhi
5760:tatpuruṣa
5560:Sanskrit:
5511:Immanence
5333:dhātuvāda
5305:eka, sama
5301:dhātuvāda
5297:dhātuvāda
5239:Emptiness
5175:shen tong
5094:Taranatha
4999:emptiness
4954:Duckworth
4942:upon the
4940:Ju Mipham
4932:lhun grub
4832:school's
4604:cintamani
4600:reliquary
4577:Hsing Yun
4491:emptiness
4349:Seungsahn
4344:Hsuan Hua
4265:Taego Bou
4216:Sheng-yen
4096:Classical
3765:Practices
3753:Emptiness
3641:Teachings
3605:Japanese
3479:In Huayan
3287:Aśvaghoṣa
3228:emptiness
3194:rúláizàng
3040:Nagarjuna
3018:emptiness
2968:Bhaviveka
2964:emptiness
2732:A ritual
2533:not empty
2490:), self (
2468:vajrakaya
2368:Devadatta
2349:concept.
2208:Vajrayana
2097:bahuvrihi
2084:bahuvrihi
2074:tatpuruṣa
2046:rúláizàng
2005:The term
1948:rúláizàng
1905:tathāgata
1893:tathāgata
1870:The term
1818:Indonesia
1728:Sheng-yen
1503:Lokakṣema
1488:Nāgārjuna
1440:Vajrayāna
1430:Pure Land
1178:Vajrapāṇi
1163:Vairocana
1148:Akshobhya
1044:Emptiness
1003:Teachings
967:Etymology
915:emptiness
900:salvation
890:. In the
874:with the
808:tathāgata
803:tathāgata
632:Sri Lanka
622:Singapore
577:Indonesia
517:Vajrayāna
492:Theravāda
447:Awakening
335:Practices
292:Tripiṭaka
262:Cosmology
237:Emptiness
217:Suffering
12768:Shentong
12758:Mahayana
12753:Dzogchen
12710:Category
12639:Violence
12609:Hinduism
12557:Sanskrit
12512:Hinayana
12497:Amitābha
12457:Swastika
12326:Uposatha
12316:Holidays
12301:Calendar
12147:Humanism
11985:Kanishka
11975:Timeline
11799:Thailand
11767:Kalmykia
11762:Buryatia
11747:Pakistan
11732:Mongolia
11727:Maldives
11722:Malaysia
11687:Cambodia
11552:Shamarpa
11547:Nichiren
11497:Xuanzang
11432:Nagasena
11350:Rinpoche
11080:Pāramitā
10922:Devotion
10842:Navayana
10830:Dzogchen
10793:Nichiren
10741:Mahayana
10733:Branches
10611:Saṅkhāra
10360:Mañjuśrī
10317:(cousin)
10309:(cousin)
10277:(mother)
10269:(father)
10257:Miracles
10207:Birthday
10124:Glossary
10097:Buddhism
10047:Cheontae
9942:Śrāvakas
9924:Nāgaraja
9810:Mañjuśrī
9805:Maitreya
9737:Concepts
9624:(2,6 MB)
8963:citation
8835:: p. 53
8801:): p. 51
8793:. SUNY (
8160:Archived
7952:(1991).
7877:: p. 68.
7854:Kim 2007
7600:Archived
7569:Lai 2003
7528:Archived
7499:Lai 2003
6268:Lai 2003
5938:citation
5861:kun gzhi
5857:Dzogchen
5766:compound
5521:One Mind
5494:See also
5453:) in an
5415:Fa-tsang
5386:Tsung-mi
5325:Mahayana
5321:Hinduism
5256:Yin Shun
5190:Dharmata
5050:Shentong
4995:suchness
4956:(2008).
4950:Dzogchen
4934:). The
4896:Dzogchen
4874:Dzogchen
4841:Yeshe De
4807:shentong
4790:rangtong
4770:svabhava
4766:svabhava
4701:Nichiren
4354:Sokei-an
4014:Trúc Lâm
3597:Chinese
3555:a series
3525:svabhava
3473:suchness
3449:and the
3400:Sengzhao
3378:scholar
3218:such as
3089:suchness
3073:Yogācāra
2974:states:
2825:suchness
2798:and the
2690:and the
2664:Yogācāra
2527:and the
2496:śuddha).
2476:not-self
2273:visuddhi
2172:Japanese
1882:Compound
1813:Malaysia
1808:Mongolia
1648:Nichiren
1573:Xuanzang
1498:Āryadeva
1450:Dzogchen
1435:Nichiren
1400:Yogācāra
1188:Maitreya
1168:Mañjuśrī
1138:Amitabha
976:a series
974:Part of
935:Yogācāra
839:visuddhi
835:the mind
770:Buddhist
767:Mahāyāna
749:Sanskrit
739:Japanese
642:Thailand
602:Mongolia
597:Malaysia
562:Cambodia
527:Navayana
507:Hinayana
502:Mahāyāna
412:Lay life
242:Morality
222:Not-self
180:Concepts
139:Councils
124:Timeline
96:Glossary
78:Buddhism
70:a series
68:Part of
12687:Temples
12667:Buddhas
12629:Science
12619:Judaism
12614:Jainism
12532:Lineage
12492:Abhijñā
12462:Thangka
12405:Sarnath
12390:Lumbini
12311:Funeral
12306:Cuisine
12182:Culture
12157:Reality
12107:Creator
12097:Atomism
11967:History
11940:Ukraine
11900:Germany
11819:Senegal
11809:Vietnam
11737:Myanmar
11537:Shinran
11527:Karmapa
11502:Shandao
11472:Dignāga
11397:Śrāvaka
11377:Donchee
11372:Kappiya
11330:Sayadaw
11300:Bhikkhu
11275:Anāgāmi
11232:Nirvana
11198:Samadhi
11085:Paritta
11026:Tonglen
11021:Mandala
10976:Smarana
10957:Mantras
10905:Upekkha
10875:Bhavana
10825:Shingon
10778:Tiantai
10631:Tathātā
10621:Śūnyatā
10616:Skandha
10606:Saṃsāra
10601:Rebirth
10576:Kleshas
10566:Indriya
10468:Subhūti
10353:Guanyin
10307:Ānanda
10299:Rāhula
10179:Nirvana
10119:Outline
10004:Subhūti
9914:rākṣasī
9852:Buddhas
9799:Guanyin
9494:1399375
9438:General
8855:Sources
8827:, SUNY
8032:(1–2).
7461:1399049
5863:, c.q.
5851:In the
5794:In the
5574:Gankyil
5506:Hongaku
5472:brahman
5313:dharmah
5289:anātman
5260:Brahman
5249:śūnyatā
5231:Buddha
5206:Sunyata
4948:from a
4936:Nyingma
4907:Rongzom
4892:Nyingma
4830:Nyingma
4820:Nyingma
4774:Kadampa
4663:shinjin
4659:Shinran
4628:hongaku
4624:Shingon
4616:busshō,
4561:mu-koan
4542:Hsu Yun
4530:Huineng
4435:Shingon
4430:Tiantai
4138:Huangbo
4123:Shenhui
4113:Shenxiu
4108:Hongren
4086:Persons
3822:Hua Tou
3801:Dhāraṇī
3796:Sesshin
3687:The way
3651:No-mind
3613:Korean
3550:Part of
3469:Zhanran
3428:ekayana
3420:Tiantai
3392:ekayana
3384:tathata
3324:of the
3317:samsara
3311:tathata
3304:In the
3252:tǐ yòng
3242:), and
3147:Trikaya
3113:prakāśa
3104:prakāśa
2958:Indian
2848:tathatā
2815:In the
2624:docetic
2562:samsara
2462:. The
2206:In the
1917:"tathā"
1911:" and "
1788:Tibetan
1783:Vietnam
1713:Hanshan
1688:Dolpopa
1638:Shinran
1568:Shandao
1563:Huineng
1533:Dignāga
1460:Tzu Chi
1425:Shingon
1405:Tiantai
1122:Buddhas
1104:Dharani
919:śūnyatā
724:Chinese
652:Vietnam
607:Myanmar
522:Tibetan
512:Chinese
440:Nirvāṇa
257:Saṃsāra
252:Rebirth
117:History
106:Outline
12682:Sutras
12677:Suttas
12542:Siddhi
12527:Koliya
12502:Brahmā
12417:Poetry
12363:Mantra
12353:Kasaya
12225:Pagoda
12205:Kyaung
12200:Vihāra
12195:Temple
12137:Ethics
11980:Ashoka
11930:Sweden
11925:Poland
11920:Norway
11910:Mexico
11895:France
11880:Canada
11875:Brazil
11814:Africa
11794:Taiwan
11757:Russia
11682:Bhutan
11642:Vinaya
11522:Naropa
11512:Saraha
11447:Asanga
11203:Prajñā
11112:Refuge
11075:Nianfo
11036:Tertön
11031:Tantra
11016:Ganana
11006:Tukdam
10932:Dhyāna
10900:Mudita
10895:Karuṇā
10788:Risshū
10783:Huayan
10716:Naraka
10656:Anattā
10651:Dukkha
10646:Anicca
10551:Dharma
10503:Channa
10438:Ānanda
10423:Assaji
10390:Skanda
10293:(wife)
10262:Family
10242:Relics
10167:Sangha
10162:Dharma
10157:Buddha
10041:Tendai
9994:Rāhula
9949:Ānanda
9910:Hārītī
9905:Brahmā
9549:
9492:
9454:
9279:
9180:
9160:
9109:
9049:
8919:
8901:
8831:
8797:
8729:
8408:
8335:
8170:
8115:
8067:
7960:
7747:
7624:
7550:
7459:
7413:
7361:
6723:
6236:
6205:
5741:dharma
5737:dharma
5728:garbha
5697:life."
5536:Turiya
5474:in an
5459:sense,
5398:i-hsin
5390:hsiang
5346:Agamas
5052:view.
5037:Jonang
5031:Jonang
4928:ka dag
4923:ground
4863:ground
4799:Jonang
4691:Rinzai
4620:Tendai
4563:(from
4534:Chinul
4440:Tendai
4425:Huayan
4420:Wéishí
4415:Sānlùn
4275:Daewon
4243:Bankei
4233:Bassui
4211:Xu Yun
4158:Zongmi
3852:Kyōgai
3832:Ōryōki
3811:Nianfo
3676:Satori
3671:Kenshō
3517:Fazang
3509:xingqi
3380:Jizang
3190:fóxìng
3126:, the
3077:Asanga
3049:, and
2932:(佛性論,
2876:garbha
2823:, (2)
2802:. The
2792:, the
2786:, the
2778:, the
2772:śāstra
2712:śāstra
2572:) and
2177:busshō
2168:fóxìng
2164:pinyin
2133:Buddha
2120:garbha
2101:garbha
2089:having
2069:garbha
2055:garbha
1989:, (3)
1931:garbha
1921:"gata"
1898:garbha
1803:Bhutan
1768:Taiwan
1708:Hakuin
1678:Atisha
1673:Nāropā
1658:Virūpa
1608:Wohnyo
1588:Saichō
1578:Fazang
1513:Asanga
1415:Huayan
1410:Tendai
943:Huayan
798:garbha
763:Buddha
744:busshō
729:fóxìng
637:Taiwan
617:Russia
557:Brazil
552:Bhutan
472:Buddha
392:Wisdom
175:Dharma
38:, see
12654:Lists
12522:Kalpa
12517:Iddhi
12380:Music
12375:Mudra
12341:Vassa
12321:Vesak
12291:Budai
12237:Candi
12220:Stupa
12152:Logic
11905:Italy
11804:Tibet
11742:Nepal
11712:Korea
11707:Japan
11697:India
11692:China
11637:Sutra
11592:Texts
11542:Dōgen
11532:Hōnen
11517:Atiśa
11482:Zhiyi
11392:Achar
11360:Tulku
11355:Geshe
11340:Rōshi
11325:Ajahn
11280:Arhat
11240:Bodhi
11210:Vīrya
11127:Sacca
11122:Satya
11117:Sādhu
11105:Music
11048:Merit
11041:Terma
11001:Zazen
10937:Faith
10890:Mettā
10571:Karma
10531:Bardo
10498:Asita
10488:Khema
10478:Upāli
10463:Nanda
10301:(son)
10275:Māyā
10252:Films
10129:Index
10044:, K.
10009:Upāli
9984:Nanda
9900:Śakra
9893:Devas
9566:Japan
9536:Tibet
9528:(PDF)
9521:(PDF)
9490:JSTOR
9462:China
9424:(PDF)
9409:(PDF)
9397:(PDF)
9390:(PDF)
9288:(PDF)
9277:S2CID
9257:(PDF)
9239:(PDF)
9232:(PDF)
9211:(PDF)
9196:(PDF)
9073:(PDF)
9066:(PDF)
8751:(PDF)
7457:JSTOR
7378:4 May
7372:(PDF)
7355:(PDF)
6078:(PDF)
5865:ālaya
5835:citta
5675:Bodhi
5665:tree.
5662:bodhi
5623:Tsuki
5615:Dogen
5548:Notes
5531:Rigpa
5478:sense
5451:ātman
5394:hsing
5352:with
5350:dhatu
5342:dhātu
5309:dhatu
5245:ātman
5194:atman
5120:Gelug
5085:Kagyu
5079:Kagyu
4967:Sakya
4803:Kagyu
4782:Gelug
4270:Jinul
4253:Dōgen
4238:Ikkyū
4228:Eisai
4206:Taixu
3771:Zazen
3623:Thiền
3424:Zhiyi
3212:China
3163:seeds
2884:dhatu
2880:gotra
2860:gotra
2734:vajra
2604:ātman
2590:mind.
2492:ātman
2488:sukha
2484:nitya
2472:ātman
2297:Agama
2197:dhātu
2095:is a
2079:being
2037:fruit
2030:cause
1968:lhums
1964:mngal
1952:rúlái
1915:, or
1909:tathā
1798:Newar
1793:Nepal
1778:Korea
1773:Japan
1756:China
1718:Taixu
1643:Dōgen
1633:Hōnen
1618:Jinul
1593:Kūkai
1553:Zhiyi
953:. In
647:Tibet
587:Korea
582:Japan
572:India
567:China
532:Newar
457:Arhat
247:Karma
101:Index
32:Dōgen
12552:Pāḷi
12537:Māra
12447:Flag
11848:Iran
11772:Tuva
11717:Laos
11345:Lama
11193:Śīla
11161:Śīla
11149:Pīti
11139:Sati
11090:Puja
11011:Koan
10917:Dāna
10508:Yasa
10395:Tārā
10038:(J.
9881:(in
9620:and
9547:ISBN
9452:ISBN
9219:2012
9178:ISBN
9158:ISBN
9107:ISBN
9047:ISBN
8969:link
8917:ISBN
8899:ISBN
8829:ISBN
8795:ISBN
8727:ISBN
8406:ISBN
8333:ISBN
8168:ISBN
8113:ISBN
8065:ISBN
7978:link
7958:ISBN
7808:In:
7745:ISBN
7622:ISBN
7548:ISBN
7411:ISBN
7380:2015
7359:ISBN
6721:ISBN
6234:ISBN
6203:ISBN
5940:and
5870:gzhi
5462:the
5447:self
5165:The
5147:The
5035:The
4991:āsya
4890:The
4867:gzhi
4859:rtsa
4622:and
3817:Koan
3813:Chan
3615:Seon
3599:Chan
3497:shi)
3418:The
3390:," "
3386:," "
3230:and
2882:and
2866:The
2748:The
2706:The
2680:The
2656:The
2633:The
2579:The
2564:and
2542:The
2509:The
2434:The
2405:The
2393:The
2382:and
2352:The
2320:and
1956:zàng
1919:and
1896:and
1823:West
1208:Tara
1124:and
933:, a
921:, a
860:The
825:and
788:and
778:and
714:and
592:Laos
497:Pāli
49:The
12274:Art
12210:Wat
10746:Zen
9482:doi
9269:doi
8034:doi
7814:doi
7725:",
7525:PDF
7449:doi
5752:In
5358:).
5235:."
5233:now
4986:'s
4869:).
4811:not
4726:In
4672:of
4653:of
4485:In
3607:Zen
3592:Zen
3493:li,
3410:).
3408:dao
3236:Dao
2986:'s
2970:'s
1966:or
1946:as
1420:Zen
913:of
886:of
853:is
710:In
12739::
11776:ru
9701::
9488:.
9478:39
9476:.
9472:.
9417:VI
9415:.
9411:.
9275:,
9265:64
9263:,
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