Atheism - Knowledge

2883:

cognitive reflection tests than theists, the authors wrote that "The fact that atheists score higher agrees with the literature showing that belief is an automatic manifestation of the mind and its default mode. Disbelieving seems to require deliberative cognitive ability." A 2016 study, in which 4 new studies were reported and a meta-analysis of all previous research on the topic was performed, found that self-identified atheists scored 18.7% higher than theists on the cognitive reflection test and there is a negative correlation between religiosity and analytical thinking. The authors note that recently "it has been argued that analytic thinkers are not actually less religious; rather, the putative association may be a result of religiosity typically being measured after analytic thinking (an order effect)," however, they state "Our results indicate that the association between analytical thinking and religious disbelief is not caused by a simple order effect. There is good evidence that atheists and agnostics are more reflective than religious believers." This "analytic atheist" effect has also been found among academic philosophers, even when controlling for about a dozen potential confounds such as education.

3796:, p. 4: Agnostics are distinguished from innocents, who also neither believe that there are gods nor believe that there are no gods, by the fact that they have given consideration to the question of whether there are gods. Innocents are those who have never considered the question of whether there are gods. Typically, innocents have never considered the question of whether there are gods because they are not able to consider that question. How could that be? Well, in order to consider the question of whether there are gods, one must understand what it would mean for something to be a god. That is, one needs to have the concept of a god. Those who lack the concept of a god are not able to entertain the thought that there are gods. Consider, for example, one-month-old babies. It is very plausible that one-month-old babies lack the concept of a god. So it is very plausible that one-month-old babies are innocents. Other plausible cases of innocents include chimpanzees, human beings who have suffered severe traumatic brain injuries, and human beings with advanced dementia 3221:(to know) to mean that atheism is the absence of belief in the gods and agnosticism is the lack of knowledge of some specified subject matter. The second definition takes atheism to mean the explicit denial of the existence of gods and agnosticism as the position of someone who, because the existence of gods is unknowable, suspends judgment regarding them ... The first is the more inclusive and recognizes only two alternatives: Either one believes in the gods or one does not. Consequently, there is no third alternative, as those who call themselves agnostics sometimes claim. Insofar as they lack belief, they are really atheists. Moreover, since the absence of belief is the cognitive position in which everyone is born, the burden of proof falls on those who advocate religious belief. The proponents of the second definition, by contrast, regard the first definition as too broad because it includes uninformed children along with aggressive and explicit atheists. Consequently, it is unlikely that the public will adopt it." 2552: 2613: 2801:, atheists have been organizing in cafés and social media, despite regular crackdowns from authoritarian governments. A 2012 poll by Gallup International revealed that 5% of Saudis considered themselves to be "convinced atheists". However, very few young people in the Arab world have atheists in their circle of friends or acquaintances. According to one study, less than 1% did in Morocco, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, or Jordan; only 3% to 7% in the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kuwait, and Palestine. When asked whether they have "seen or heard traces of atheism in locality, community, and society" only about 3% to 8% responded yes in all the countries surveyed. The only exception was the UAE, with a percentage of 51%. 2777:, 4.4% of Americans self-identified as atheists in 2014. However, the same survey showed that 11.1% of all respondents stated "no" when asked if they believed in God. According to a 2014 report by the Pew Research Center, 3.1% of the US adult population identify as atheist, up from 1.6% in 2007; and within the religiously unaffiliated (or "no religion") demographic, atheists made up 13.6%. According to the 2015 General Sociological Survey the number of atheists and agnostics in the US has remained relatively flat in the past 23 years since in 1991 only 2% identified as atheist and 4% identified as agnostic and in 2014 only 3% identified as atheists and 5% identified as agnostics. 2816: 884: 2851: 2238: 3477:: "People are invariably surprised to hear me say I am both an atheist and an agnostic, as if this somehow weakens my certainty. I usually reply with a question like, "Well, are you a Republican or an American?" The two words serve different concepts and are not mutually exclusive. Agnosticism addresses knowledge; atheism addresses belief. The agnostic says, "I don't have a knowledge that God exists." The atheist says, "I don't have a belief that God exists." You can say both things at the same time. Some agnostics are atheistic and some are theistic." 2110: 1794: 2763: 3772:

disbelief in some particular creed of a religious group. Thus, a child who has received no religious instruction and has never heard about God is not an atheist – for he is not denying any theistic claims. Similarly in the case of an adult who, if he has withdrawn from the faith of his father without reflection or because of frank indifference to any theological issue, is also not an atheist – for such an adult is not challenging theism and not professing any views on the subject. ... I propose to examine some

2699: 5333:

of our revolution; in the process I have read hundreds of books, collected hundreds of personal testimonies, and have already contributed eight volumes of my own toward the effort of clearing away the rubble left by that upheaval. But if I were asked today to formulate as concisely as possible the main cause of the ruinous revolution that swallowed up some 60 million of our people, I could not put it more accurately than to repeat: 'Men have forgotten God; that's why all this has happened.'

722: 20257: 3405:: "In the popular sense an agnostic neither believes nor disbelieves that God exists, while an atheist disbelieves that God exists. However, this common contrast of agnosticism with atheism will hold only if one assumes that atheism means positive atheism. In the popular sense, agnosticism is compatible with negative atheism. Since negative atheism by definition simply means not holding any concept of God, it is compatible with neither believing nor disbelieving in God." 2391: 5040:, the presupposition of God, soul, and freedom was a practical concern, for "Morality, by itself, constitutes a system, but happiness does not, unless it is distributed in exact proportion to morality. This, however, is possible in an intelligible world only under a wise author and ruler. Reason compels us to admit such a ruler, together with life in such a world, which we must consider as future life, or else all moral laws are to be considered as idle dreams" ( 18884: 13976: 543: 18894: 13966: 12286: 555: 20155: 20223: 2286:. "The source of man's unhappiness is his ignorance of Nature. The pertinacity with which he clings to blind opinions imbibed in his infancy, which interweave themselves with his existence, the consequent prejudice that warps his mind, that prevents its expansion, that renders him the slave of fiction, appears to doom him to continual error." In Great Britain, William Hammon and physician Mathew Turner authored a pamphlet in response to 1150: 4644:): "Besides, do you say that God finds joy in seeing the creatures which he has created in the prey of all the distress of existence, including the tortures of the hells? Homage to this kind of God! The profane stanza expresses it well: "One calls him Rudra because he burns, because he is sharp, fierce, redoubtable, an eater of flesh, blood and marrow." de La Vallee Poussin, Louis (fr. trans.); Sangpo, Gelong Lodro (eng. trans.) (2012) 20240: 20206: 20274: 20189: 1404: 567: 20172: 3489:: "atheism, in general, the critique and denial of metaphysical beliefs in God or spiritual beings. As such, it is usually distinguished from theism, which affirms the reality of the divine and often seeks to demonstrate its existence. Atheism is also distinguished from agnosticism, which leaves open the question whether there is a god or not, professing to find the questions unanswered or unanswerable." 2102:(973–1058). Al-Ma'arri wrote and taught that religion itself was a "fable invented by the ancients" and that humans were "of two sorts: those with brains, but no religion, and those with religion, but no brains". Despite the fact that these authors were relatively prolific writers, little of their work survives, mainly being preserved through quotations and excerpts in later works by Muslim 1523: 2866:, atheists in the United States are more likely to be white compared to the general U.S. population (77% vs 62%). In a 2008 study, researchers found intelligence to be negatively related to religious belief in Europe and the United States. In a sample of 137 countries, the correlation between national IQ and disbelief in God was found to be 0.60. According to evolutionary psychologist 2899: 1577:". He goes on to say, "The abolition of religion as the illusory happiness of the people is the demand for their real happiness. To call on them to give up their illusions about their condition is to call on them to give up a condition that requires illusions. The criticism of religion is, therefore, in embryo, the criticism of that vale of tears of which religion is the halo." 1951:(performed 423 BCE) portrays Socrates as teaching his students that the traditional Greek deities do not exist. Socrates was later tried and executed under the charge of not believing in the gods of the state and instead worshipping foreign gods. Socrates himself vehemently denied the charges of atheism at his trial. From a survey of these 5th-century BCE philosophers, 2707:

medium-high percentage in Germany (27%), Belgium (27%), UK (25%); to very low in Poland (5%), Greece (4%), Cyprus (3%), Malta (2%), and Romania (1%), with the European Union as a whole at 20%. In a 2012 Eurobarometer poll on discrimination in the European Union, 16% of those polled considered themselves non-believers/agnostics, and 7% considered themselves atheists.

2887:

analytic atheist effect; because men have been found more likely to endorse atheism, and men often perform slightly better on tests of analytic thinking, when not controlling for variables such as math anxiety, the correlation between atheism and analytic reasoning may be partly explained by whatever explains observed gender differences in analytic thinking.

2879:

countries, religious belief is a conformist choice, and there is evidence that more intelligent people are less likely to conform. Another theory is that people of higher IQ are more likely to engage in analytical reasoning, and that disbelief in religion results from the application of higher-level analytical reasoning to the assessment of religious claims.

3883:, pp. 30–34. "Who seriously claims we should say 'I neither believe nor disbelieve that the Pope is a robot', or 'As to whether or not eating this piece of chocolate will turn me into an elephant I am completely agnostic'. In the absence of any good reasons to believe these outlandish claims, we rightly disbelieve them, we don't just suspend judgement." 4202:, Part III: "If we take in our hand any volume; of divinity or school metaphysics, for instance; let us ask, Does it contain any abstract reasoning concerning quantity or number? No. Does it contain any experimental reasoning concerning matter of fact and existence? No. Commit it then to the flames: for it can contain nothing but sophistry and illusion." 1322:(1779) cited Epicurus in stating the argument as a series of questions: "Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then he is impotent. Is he able, but not willing? Then he is malevolent. Is he both able and willing? Then whence cometh evil? Is he neither able nor willing? Then why call him God?" Similar arguments have been made in 703:, contesting what supernatural entities are considered gods, whether atheism is a philosophical position or merely the absence of one, and whether it requires a conscious, explicit rejection; however, the norm is to define atheism in terms of an explicit stance against theism. Atheism has been regarded as compatible with 1623:, have also been guilty of mass murder. In response to those claims, atheists such as Sam Harris and Richard Dawkins have stated that Stalin's atrocities were influenced not by atheism but by dogmatic ideology, and that while Stalin and Mao happened to be atheists, they did not do their deeds in the name of atheism. 1120:

Michael Martin argues that atheism is a justified and rational true belief, but offers no extended epistemological justification because current theories are in a state of controversy. Martin instead argues for "mid-level principles of justification that are in accord with our ordinary and scientific

826:

suggested that: "The man who is unacquainted with theism is an atheist because he does not believe in a god. This category would also include the child with the conceptual capacity to grasp the issues involved, but who is still unaware of those issues. The fact that this child does not believe in god

3681:

Departing even more radically from the norm in philosophy, a few philosophers and quite a few non-philosophers claim that "atheism" shouldn't be defined as a proposition at all, even if theism is a proposition. Instead, "atheism" should be defined as a psychological state: the state of not believing

3315:

1507:

among others assert that behaving ethically only because of a divine mandate is not true ethical behavior but merely blind obedience. Baggini argues that atheism is a superior basis for ethics, claiming that a moral basis external to religious imperatives is necessary to evaluate the morality of the

1197:

According to Graham Oppy, direct arguments for atheism aim at showing theism fails on its own terms, while indirect arguments are those inferred from direct arguments in favor of something else that is inconsistent with theism. For example, Oppy says arguing for naturalism is an argument for atheism

5332:

Over a half century ago, while I was still a child, I recall hearing a number of old people offer the following explanation for the great disasters that had befallen Russia: 'Men have forgotten God; that's why all this has happened.' Since then I have spent well-nigh 50 years working on the history

3277:

The term as generally used, however, is highly ambiguous. Its meaning varies (a) according to the various definitions of deity, and especially (b) according as it is (i.) deliberately adopted by a thinker as a description of his own theological standpoint, or (ii.) applied by one set of thinkers to

1864:

described Diagoras as an "atheist" who categorically denied the existence of the gods, but in modern scholarship Marek Winiarczyk has defended the view that Diagoras was not an atheist in the modern sense, in a view that has proved influential. On the other hand, the verdict has been challenged by

8244:

The question asked was "Do you consider yourself to be ...?", with a card showing: Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, Other Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu, Atheist, and non-believer/agnostic. Space was given for Other (Spontaneous) and DK. Jewish, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu did not

3771:

I must begin by stating what sense I am attaching to the word 'atheism,' and how I am construing the theme of this paper. I shall understand by 'atheism' a critique and a denial of the major claims of all varieties of theism. ... atheism is not to be identified with sheer unbelief, or with

3550:

But dogmatic atheism is rare compared with the sceptical type, which is identical with agnosticism in so far as it denies the capacity of the mind of man to form any conception of God, but is different from it in so far as the agnostic merely holds his judgment in suspense, though, in practice,

2886:

Some studies do not detect this correlation between atheism and analytic thinking in all of the countries that they study, suggesting that the relationship between analytic thinking and atheism may depend on culture. There is also evidence that gender may be involved in what has been termed the

2780:

According to the American Family Survey, 34% were found to be religiously unaffiliated in 2017 (23% 'nothing in particular', 6% agnostic, 5% atheist). According to the Pew Research Center, in 2014, 22.8% of the American population does not identify with a religion, including atheists (3.1%) and

1933:

has sometimes been taken to be an atheist, but rather espoused agnostic views, commenting that "Concerning the gods I am unable to discover whether they exist or not, or what they are like in form; for there are many hindrances to knowledge, the obscurity of the subject and the brevity of human

1415:

analyzed previous social science research on secularity and non-belief and concluded that societal well-being is positively correlated with irreligion. He found that there are much lower concentrations of atheism and secularity in poorer, less developed nations (particularly in Africa and South

871:

have contrasted positive (strong/hard) atheism with negative (weak/soft) atheism. Positive atheism is the explicit affirmation that gods do not exist. Negative atheism includes all other forms of non-theism. According to this categorization, anyone who is not a theist is either a negative or a

817:

concepts. Definitions of atheism also vary in the degree of consideration a person must put to the idea of gods to be considered an atheist. Atheism has been defined as the absence of belief that any deities exist. This broad definition would include newborns and other people who have not been

2882:

In a 2017 study, it was shown that compared to religious individuals, atheists have higher reasoning capacities and this difference seemed to be unrelated to sociodemographic factors such as age, education and country of origin. In a 2015 study, researchers found that atheists score higher on

2878:

The relationship between atheism and IQ, while statistically significant, is not a large one, and the reason for the relationship is not well understood. One hypothesis is that the negative relationship between IQ and religiosity is mediated by individual differences in nonconformity; in many

3808:, pp. 14ff: "In this interpretation, an atheist becomes: not someone who positively asserts the non-existence of God; but someone who is simply not a theist. Let us, for future-ready reference, introduce the labels 'positive atheist' for the former and 'negative atheist' for the latter." 7173: 2706:

According to the 2010 Eurobarometer Poll, the percentage of those polled who agreed with the statement "you don't believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force" varied from a high percentage in France (40%), Czech Republic (37%), Sweden (34%), Netherlands (30%), and Estonia (29%);

2690:(10%). A 2012 study by the NORC found that East Germany had the highest percentage of atheists while Czech Republic had the second highest amount. The number of atheists per country is strongly correlated with the level of security for both the individual and society, with some exceptions. 1768:

in some form or other has always been present in India, and occasional references are found in the Vedas, the Buddhistic literature, the Epics, as well as in the later philosophical works we do not find any systematic work on materialism, nor any organized school of followers as the other

2633:

found that the non-religious made up about 9.6% of the world's population, and atheists about 2.0%. This figure did not include those who follow atheistic religions, such as some Buddhists. The average annual change for atheism from 2000 to 2010 was −0.17%. Scholars have indicated that

2570:"New Atheism" is a movement among some early-21st-century atheist writers who have advocated the view that "religion should not be tolerated but should be countered, criticized, and exposed by rational argument wherever its influence arises." The movement is commonly associated with 2827:

publication, 15% of French people, 45% of Americans, and 99% of Indonesians explicitly believe that a person must believe in God to be moral. Pew furthermore noted that, in a U.S. poll, atheists and Muslims tied for the lowest rating among the major religious demographics on a

985:"god") meant "godless". It was first used as a term of censure roughly meaning "ungodly" or "impious". In the 5th century BCE, the word began to indicate more deliberate and active godlessness in the sense of "severing relations with the gods" or "denying the gods". The term 8707:

Gervais, Will M.; Xygalatas, Dimitris; McKay, Ryan T.; van Elk, Michiel; Buchtel, Emma E.; Aveyard, Mark; Schiavone, Sarah R.; Dar-Nimrod, Ilan; Svedholm-Häkkinen, Annika M.; Riekki, Tapani; Klocová, Eva Kundtová; Ramsay, Jonathan E.; Bulbulia, Joseph (August 7, 2017).

946:". We do not have words for people who doubt that Elvis is still alive or that aliens have traversed the galaxy only to molest ranchers and their cattle. Atheism is nothing more than the noises reasonable people make in the presence of unjustified religious beliefs. 5496:

Although Neo-Pagans share common commitments to nature and spirit there is a diversity of beliefs and practices ... Some are atheists, others are polytheists (several gods exist), some are pantheists (all is God) and others are panentheists (all is in

1189:

is also used to describe the view that everything that exists is fundamentally natural, and that there are no supernatural phenomena. According to naturalist view, science can explain the world with physical laws and through natural phenomena. Philosopher

7628:"The atheists' calling the Madison-based Freedom From Religion Foundation is taking its latest battle to the U.S. Supreme court. It's a milestone for the often-vilified but financially strong group, which has seen its membership grow to an all-time high" 2050:

in particular. There was, however, a heavy struggle between Christians and pagans, in which each group accused the other of atheism, for not practicing the religion which they considered correct. When Christianity became the state religion of Rome under

2874:

of Europe, as there is less uncertainty about the future with extensive social safety nets and better health care resulting in a greater quality of life and higher life expectancy. By contrast, in underdeveloped countries, there are far fewer atheists.

2303:

is widely considered to have strongly contributed to atheistic thinking during the Revolution, he also considered fear of God to have discouraged further disorder, having said "If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him." The philosopher

1769:

philosophical schools possess. But almost every work of the other schools states, for refutation, the materialistic views. Our knowledge of Indian materialism is chiefly based on these." Other Indian philosophies generally regarded as atheistic include

1843:

calls "the atheist", was accused of impiety and condemned for stating that "the sun is a type of incandescent stone", an affirmation with which he tried to deny the divinity of the celestial bodies. In the late fifth century BCE, the Greek lyric poet

5405:"That does not, however, show that the atrocities committed by these totalitarian dictatorships were the result of atheist beliefs, carried out in the name of atheism, or caused primarily by the atheistic aspects of the relevant forms of communism." 2645:

studies, 13% of respondents were "convinced atheists" in 2012, 11% were "convinced atheists" in 2015, and in 2017, 9% were "convinced atheists". As of 2012, the top 10 surveyed countries with people who viewed themselves as "convinced atheists" were

1132:

holds that the statement "God exists" does not express a proposition, but is nonsensical or cognitively meaningless. It has been argued both ways as to whether such individuals can be classified into some form of atheism or agnosticism. Philosophers

3278:

their opponents. As to (a), it is obvious that atheism from the standpoint of the Christian is a very different conception as compared with atheism as understood by a Deist, a Positivist, a follower of Euhemerus or Herbert Spencer, or a Buddhist.

7948: 1214:. Nevertheless, Oppy argues that a strong naturalism favors atheism, though he finds the best direct arguments against theism to be the evidential problem of evil, and arguments concerning the contradictory nature of God were one to exist. 897:

propositions deserve as much disbelief as all other unproven propositions. Atheist criticism of agnosticism says that the unprovability of a god's existence does not imply an equal probability of either possibility. Australian philosopher

9250:

Gervais, Will M.; van Elk, Michiel; Xygalatas, Dimitris; McKay, Ryan; Aveyard, Mark; Buchtel, Emma E.; Dar-Nimrod, Ilan; Klocová, Eva Kundtová; Ramsay, Jonathan E.; Riekki, Tapani; Svedholm-Häkkinen, Annika M.; Bulbulia, Joseph (2018).

2207:

was "probably the first well known 'semi-atheist' to announce himself in a Christian land in the modern era", according to Blainey. Spinoza believed that natural laws explained the workings of the universe. In 1661, he published his

3895:, p. 22. "A lack of proof is no grounds for the suspension of belief. This is because when we have a lack of absolute proof we can still have overwhelming evidence or one explanation which is far superior to the alternatives." 7297: 7251: 7668: 7637: 2222:, espoused a materialist philosophy and skepticism toward supernatural occurrences. By the late 17th century, deism came to be openly espoused by intellectuals. The first known explicit atheist was the German critic of religion 1508:

imperatives themselves—to be able to discern, for example, that "thou shalt steal" is immoral even if one's religion instructs it—and that atheists, therefore, have the advantage of being more inclined to make such evaluations.

1117:, asserts that certainty about anything is impossible, so one can never know for sure whether or not a god exists. Hume, however, held that such unobservable metaphysical concepts should be rejected as "sophistry and illusion". 4623:

In the Bhuridatta Jataka, "The Buddha argues that the three most commonly given attributes of God, viz. omnipotence, omniscience and benevolence towards humanity cannot all be mutually compatible with the existential fact of

3520:

Critique and denial of metaphysical beliefs in God or divine beings. Unlike agnosticism, which leaves open the question of whether there is a God, atheism is a positive denial. It is rooted in an array of philosophical

2832:". Also, a study of religious college students found that they were more likely to perceive and interact with atheists negatively after considering their mortality, suggesting that these attitudes may be the result of 2484:, citing the estimation that nearly half of all people in the world lived under an anti-religious power, and millions more in Africa, Asia, and South America seemed to lack knowledge of the Christian view of theology. 2296:. Theirs was the first work in English to openly defend atheism, and implied that established sentiment of Christianity made speaking up in defense of atheism an act with a reasonable expectation of public punishment. 10495: 636:

Historically, evidence of atheistic viewpoints can be traced back to classical antiquity and early Indian philosophy. In the Western world, atheism declined as Christianity gained prominence. The 16th century and the

5811: 1983:("peace of mind") and one important way of doing this was by exposing fear of divine wrath as irrational. The Epicureans also denied the existence of an afterlife and the need to fear divine punishment after death. 1899:

Does then anyone say there are gods in heaven? There are not, there are not, if a man is willing not to give foolish credence to the ancient story. Consider for yourselves, don't form an opinion on the basis of my

8497: 1376:, "the idea of God implies the abdication of human reason and justice; it is the most decisive negation of human liberty, and necessarily ends in the enslavement of mankind, in theory, and practice." He reversed 9668: 2955:

is usually described as "disbelief in God", rather than more generally as "disbelief in deities". A clear distinction is rarely drawn in modern writings between these two definitions, but some archaic uses of

1973:). Drawing on the ideas of Democritus and the Atomists, he espoused a materialistic philosophy according to which the universe was governed by the laws of chance without the need for divine intervention (see 4004:

was used as an expression of severe censure and moral condemnation; this use is an old one, and the oldest that can be traced. Not till later do we find it employed to denote a certain philosophical creed.

3995:

Atheism and atheist are words formed from Greek roots and with Greek derivative endings. Nevertheless, they are not Greek; their formation is not consonant with Greek usage. In Greek they said átheos and

1440:, closed-minded, and authoritarian, and in US states with the highest percentages of atheists, the murder rate is lower than average. In the most religious states, the murder rate is higher than average. 7952: 2718:, including agnostics and atheists. According to the same survey, the religiously unaffiliated are the majority of the population only in two European countries: Czech Republic (75%) and Estonia (60%). 7876: 1416:

America) than in the richer industrialized democracies. His findings relating specifically to atheism in the US were that compared to religious people in the US, "atheists and secular people" are less

805:

came to be understood as encompassing belief in any divinity. With respect to the range of phenomena being rejected, atheism may counter anything from the existence of a deity, to the existence of any

924:—the notion that all people believe in God from birth; within this view was the connotation that atheists are in denial. Some atheists have challenged the need for the term "atheism". In his book 7984: 2781:

agnostics (4%). According to a PRRI survey, 24% of the population is unaffiliated. Atheists and agnostics combined make up about a quarter of this unaffiliated demographic. According to a 2023

2128:). There were, however, movements within this period that furthered heterodox conceptions of the Christian god, including differing views of the nature, transcendence, and knowability of God. 8618: 7660: 7627: 6717:

While strongly critical of revealed religion, Abu Bakr al-Razi did accept the existence of God, who was one of his five 'eternal principles' (next to soul, matter, time, and place); see

2195:

had paved the way for atheists by attacking the authority of the Catholic Church, which in turn "quietly inspired other thinkers to attack the authority of the new Protestant churches".

1210:

while also asserting there are things in human experience which cannot be explained in such terms, such as the concept of value, leaving room for theism. Christopher C. Knight asserts a

999:) then came to be applied against those who impiously denied or disrespected the local gods, even if they believed in other gods. Modern translations of classical texts sometimes render 4763: 2823:

Statistically, atheists are held in poor regard across the globe. Non-atheists seem to implicitly view atheists as prone to exhibit immoral behaviors. In addition, according to a 2016

2316:'s philosophy has strongly questioned the very possibility of metaphysical knowledge. Both philosophers undermined the metaphysical basis of natural theology and criticized classical 3828: 1443:

Joseph Baker and Buster Smith assert that one of the common themes of atheism is that most atheists "typically construe atheism as more moral than religion". One of the most common

8038: 3454:

negative atheism. Since agnostics do not believe in God, they are by definition negative atheists. This is not to say that negative atheism entails agnosticism. A negative atheist

10726: 6502: 1955:

has concluded that none of them openly defended radical atheism, but since Classical sources clearly attest to radical atheist ideas Athens probably had an "atheist underground".

5353: 1488:, and cannot exist without a wise creator, has been a persistent feature of political if not so much philosophical debate. Moral precepts such as "murder is wrong" are seen as 2623:

It is difficult to quantify the number of atheists in the world. Respondents to religious-belief polls may define "atheism" differently or draw different distinctions between

11093: 10479: 10154: 8999: 7923: 6967: 6459: 2638:

as a percentage of the global population due to irreligious countries having the lowest birth rates in the world and religious countries generally having higher birth rates.

4397: 837:

is the conscious rejection of belief. It is usual to define atheism in terms of an explicit stance against theism. For the purposes of his paper on "philosophical atheism",

8587: 906:

which would preclude us from saying that we know anything whatever, except perhaps the truths of mathematics and formal logic." Consequently, some atheist authors, such as

4821: 3750:

While the word 'atheism' has been used in something like this sense (see for example Antony Flew's article 'The Presumption of Atheism'), it is a highly non-standard use.

3384:

While the word 'atheism' has been used in something like this sense (see for example Antony Flew's article 'The Presumption of Atheism'), it is a highly non-standard use.

8489: 5868: 1372:, influenced by the work of Feuerbach, argued that belief in God and religion are social functions, used by those in power to oppress the working class. According to 1097:

contributed to the expansion of the term to refer to disbelief in all deities, though it remains common in Western society to describe atheism as "disbelief in God".

9051:"The Negative Relationship between Reasoning and Religiosity Is Underpinned by a Bias for Intuitive Responses Specifically When Intuition and Logic Are in Conflict" 5753: 5708: 4693: 10657: 10080: 7900: 7728: 3869:

The true default position is neither theism nor atheism, but agnosticism ... a claim to knowledge needs to be substantiated; ignorance need only be confessed.

1282:

atheists believe that the world as they experience it cannot be reconciled with the qualities commonly ascribed to God and gods by theologians. They argue that an

20071: 9449: 8894: 1380:'s aphorism that if God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him, writing instead that "if God really existed, it would be necessary to abolish him." 4873: 1977:). Although Epicurus still maintained that the gods existed, he believed that they were uninterested in human affairs. The aim of the Epicureans was to attain 8328: 7868: 1996:) published his view that the gods were only the deified rulers and founders of the past. Although not strictly an atheist, Euhemerus was later criticized by 3952:

The True Intellectual System of the Universe: the first part, wherein all the reason and philosophy of atheism is confuted and its impossibility demonstrated

3428: 917:

Before the 18th century, the existence of God was so accepted in the Western world that even the possibility of true atheism was questioned. This is called

20061: 11758: 9995: 5553: 5232: 423: 10303: 5602: 7763: 8960: 8557: 8435: 7974: 5466:

Nonbelief has existed for centuries. For example, Buddhism and Jainism have been called atheistic religions because they do not advocate belief in gods.

2551: 621:. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there 19936: 15408: 9896: 8777: 8690: 5953:, pp. 73–74. "Atheism had its origins in Ancient Greece but did not emerge as an overt and avowed belief system until late in the Enlightenment." 4579: 2400:

Atheism advanced in many societies in the 20th century. Atheistic thought found recognition in a wide variety of other, broader philosophies, such as

797:

and deities lead to differing ideas regarding atheism's applicability. The ancient Romans accused Christians of being atheists for not worshiping the

7471: 902:

argues that "sometimes a person who is really an atheist may describe herself, even passionately, as an agnostic because of unreasonable generalized

7417: 5428: 4243: 4056: 3507: 17837: 12892: 12540: 9542: 8982: 8640: 8174: 7695: 3095: 8376: 8268: 6750: 2079:. Along with advances in science and philosophy, Arab and Persian lands produced rationalists who were skeptical about revealed religion, such as 660:. Arguments for atheism range from philosophical to social and historical approaches. Rationales for not believing in deities include the lack of 17686: 11884: 8610: 4939: 9500: 8298: 20076: 18743: 8663: 7025: 4745: 3169: 5284:

In a world riven by ignorance, only the atheist refuses to deny the obvious: Religious faith promotes human violence to an astonishing degree.

1364:

have argued that God and other religious beliefs are human inventions, created to fulfill various psychological and emotional wants or needs.

777:) would include people (such as young children and some agnostics) who do not believe in a deity but have not explicitly rejected such belief. 641:

marked the resurgence of atheistic thought in Europe. Atheism achieved a significant position in the 20th century with legislation protecting

20101: 4966: 4786: 4614: 1141:

reject both categories, stating that both camps accept "God exists" as a proposition; they instead place noncognitivism in its own category.

8208: 8150: 7807: 3125: 19446: 18695: 16070: 10972: 7565: 7525:"He who created god was a fool, he who spreads his name is a scoundrel, and he who worships him is a barbarian." Hiorth, Finngeir (1996). " 5263: 9228: 9112: 8464: 7439: 5389: 3818: 10705: 8053: 5533:

There is no universal worldview that all Neo-Pagans/Wiccans hold. One online information source indicates that depending on how the term

3056: 2471:. Stalin softened his opposition to the Orthodox church in order to improve public acceptance of his regime during the second world war. 11282: 10734: 9201:"Great Minds do not Think Alike: Philosophers' Views Predicted by Reflection, Education, Personality, and Other Demographic Differences" 8128: 7604: 7343: 6886: 6838: 6395: 5023:'But what will become of men then?' I asked him, 'without God and immortal life? All things are lawful then, they can do what they like? 4536: 4177:

A Woorke Concerning the Trewnesse of the Christian Religion: Against Atheists, Epicures, Paynims, Iewes, Mahumetists, and other infidels

3544: 3431:: "It is important to note that this interpretation of agnosticism is compatible with theism or atheism, since it is only asserted that 3271: 1649:. It has been said that atheism is not mutually exclusive with respect to some religious and spiritual belief systems, including modern 17731: 17658: 14933: 14034: 9926: 9838: 9329: 8836: 7141: 5349: 10110: 9390: 3590: 1173:

is a view that matter is the fundamental substance in nature. This omits the possibility of a non-material divine being. According to

20016: 17536: 14012: 13939: 10906: 10385: 9880: 8527: 8454:"Fewer Americans Affiliate with Organized Religions, Belief and Practice Unchanged: Key Findings from the 2014 General Social Survey" 3737: 3668: 3551:

agnosticism is apt to result in an attitude towards religion which is hardly distinguishable from a passive and unaggressive atheism.

3371: 3302: 2702:

Percentage of people in various European countries who said: "I don't believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force." (2010)

597: 17982: 6989: 3913: 1573:

called religion "the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the

19290: 17822: 17696: 17681: 13950: 12320: 10130: 8996: 8078: 8006: 7949:"WIN-Gallup International "Religiosity and Atheism Index" reveals atheists are a small minority in the early years of 21st century" 7920: 7537: 5628: 1194:

references a PhilPapers survey that says 56.5% of philosophers in academics lean toward physicalism; 49.8% lean toward naturalism.

7829: 4389: 1941:) with the trends in pre-Socratic philosophy towards naturalistic inquiry and the rejection of divine explanations for phenomena. 18930: 8579: 8049: 6456: 2727: 2218:

became increasingly frequent in the 17th and 18th centuries, especially in France and England. Some Protestant thinkers, such as

94: 9985: 6921: 5721:

According to Hinduism, the path of the atheist is very difficult to follow in matters of spirituality, though it is a valid one.

4811: 4354: 1764:

that our understanding of Chārvāka philosophy is fragmentary, based largely on criticism of the ideas by other schools: "Though

849:

those who never considered the question because they lack any understanding of what a god is, for example one-month-old babies.

19378: 12933: 7279: 7233: 6557: 4142: 4112:

The auncient ecclesiasticall histories of the first six hundred years after Christ, written by Eusebius, Socrates, and Evagrius

669: 218: 11214: 5860: 5138:

Marx, K. 1976. Introduction to A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right. Collected Works, v. 3. New York.

19956: 17842: 11363: 11344: 11323: 11305: 11265: 11239: 11199: 11169: 11159: 11123: 11087: 11034: 11015: 10991: 10956: 10937: 10895: 10861: 10811: 10788: 10758: 10715: 10694: 10646: 10627: 10608: 10586: 10567: 10546: 10489: 10429: 10395: 10371: 10333: 10289: 10248: 10229: 10188: 10148: 10066: 10027: 9920: 9824: 9754: 9698: 9662: 9618: 9592: 9570: 8114: 7598: 7510: 7411: 7291: 7245: 7181: 7135: 6880: 6832: 6702: 6610: 6512: 6389: 6309: 6257: 6026: 5985: 5844: 5805: 5747: 5702: 5526: 5489: 5459: 5422: 5318: 4323: 3988: 3862: 3244: 3042: 3015: 2292: 1653:

movements. In recent years, certain religious denominations have accumulated a number of openly atheistic followers, such as

1318: 1128:, assert the meaninglessness or unintelligibility of basic terms such as "God" and statements such as "God is all-powerful." 11129: 10867: 10525: 9768: 8411: 7187: 6721:. Whether Muhammad al Warraq and Ibn al-Rawandi were merely skeptical freethinkers or full-blown atheists is not clear; see 6667: 4428: 18307: 15403: 12533: 11522: 11488:. Library of both historical and modern writings, a comprehensive online resource for freely available material on atheism. 10179: 9275: 7529: 2362:

considered God to be a human invention and religious activities to be wish-fulfillment. He influenced philosophers such as

1244:

against the existence of God, which assert the incompatibility between certain traits, such as perfection, creator-status,

11060: 1473:". There have, however, been examples to the contrary, among them examples of literal "atheists in foxholes". There exist 1223: 645:. Broad estimates of those who have an absence of belief in a god range from 500 million to 1.1 billion people worldwide. 20143: 18425: 17706: 17307: 11451: 11437: 11422: 10239:

Sartre, Jean-Paul (2004) . "An existentialist ethics". In Gensler, Harry J.; Spurgin, Earl W.; Swindal, James C. (eds.).

7097: 4996:] – or more disastrous in its effects — than the myth that moral values cannot be divorced from the belief in a god." 4689: 3699: 3664: 3333: 3298: 2378:

notes that he may have also been the first imprisoned on such a charge. Law states that Holyoake "first coined the term '

1741:

around the 6th century BCE is probably the most explicitly atheistic school of philosophy in India, similar to the Greek

1347: 168: 10669: 8609:

Alper, Gregory A. Smith, Patricia Tevington, Justin Nortey, Michael Rotolo, Asta Kallo and Becka A. (January 24, 2024).

7897: 7718: 5479: 2230:(who most likely authored the world's first treatise on the non-existence of God) and in the 1720s by the French priest 2038:

were widely reviled as "atheists" because they did not believe in the existence of the Graeco-Roman deities. During the

1833:

way and interpreted religion as a human reaction to natural phenomena, but did not explicitly deny the gods' existence.

18635: 18365: 18247: 17701: 16308: 14297: 12825: 12808: 9652: 5785: 5537:

is defined, Neo-Pagans might be classified as monotheists, duotheists (two gods), polytheists, pantheists, or atheists.

4459: 4298: 2512: 2317: 2226:

in his three writings of 1674. He was followed by two other explicit atheist writers, the Polish ex-Jesuit philosopher

1492:, requiring a divine lawmaker and judge. However, many atheists argue that treating morality legalistically involves a 11077: 4764:"Atheism, Secularity, and Well-Being: How the Findings of Social Science Counter Negative Stereotypes and Assumptions" 4020: 2735: 20121: 18685: 17511: 14818: 13352: 9800: 8886: 6968:""Traktatów o istnieniu Boga napisano setki. O nieistnieniu tylko jeden i to w Polsce". Jego autor spłonął na stosie" 6680: 6125: 5890: 4852: 4493: 4221: 2481: 2464: 1650: 1615:—have been used in response to claims of beneficial effects of belief in religion. Believers counter-argue that some 1470: 1465:. There is also a position claiming that atheists are quick to believe in God in times of crisis, that atheists make 6354: 4869: 4000:; to these the English words ungodly and ungodliness correspond rather closely. In exactly the same way as ungodly, 2612: 2031:

regarding the matter. His relatively large volume of surviving works had a lasting influence on later philosophers.

1599:

These arguments—combined with historical events that are argued to demonstrate the dangers of religion, such as the

1086:

was first used to describe a self-avowed belief in late 18th-century Europe, specifically denoting disbelief in the

19951: 19312: 18738: 16318: 11940: 11859: 11832: 8320: 7830:"Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents, Section on accuracy of non-Religious Demographic Data" 5481:

Religious and Non-Religious Spirituality in the Western World ("New Age") A New Vision, A New Heart, A Renewed Call

2526: 2328: 1343: 911: 211: 3978: 3622: 2274:

who is best known for his atheism and for his voluminous writings against religion, the most famous of them being

20051: 19986: 19031: 18700: 18595: 17721: 17716: 17672: 17302: 16168: 15462: 14452: 13979: 13637: 13550: 12526: 11898: 11654: 11380: 9142:"Atheists and Agnostics Are More Reflective than Religious Believers: Four Empirical Studies and a Meta-Analysis" 8801:"What If They're Right About the Afterlife? Evidence of the Role of Existential Threat on Anti-Atheist Prejudice" 7379: 6950: 5549: 2810: 2000:

for having "spread atheism over the whole inhabited earth by obliterating the gods". In the 3rd century BCE, the

1593: 132: 12749: 5598: 1008: 19242: 18555: 18380: 17653: 16694: 16635: 16522: 16401: 16333: 14796: 14434: 14353: 11849: 11607: 10259: 6218:

Collard, C., and Cropp, M.J. (2008). Euripides, Fragments: Volume VII, Aegeus-Meleager. Cambridge, MA, 298-301.

2767: 2534: 691:

lies not on the atheist to disprove the existence of gods but on the theist to provide a rationale for theism.

147: 16689: 7774: 5230:

Altemeyer, Bob; Hunsberger, Bruce (1992). "Authoritarianism, Religious Fundamentalism, Quest, and Prejudice".

4183:]. Translated from French to English by Arthur Golding & Philip Sidney and published in London, 1587. 1895:, claims that a clever man invented "the fear of the gods" in order to frighten people into behaving morally. 19395: 18705: 18120: 17857: 17521: 17370: 17292: 16736: 15778: 15366: 14005: 13929: 13762: 13555: 13414: 13265: 12044: 12034: 11844: 11664: 11659: 8952: 8549: 8432: 7851: 4515: 3703: 3337: 2047: 1596:(when religion is held because it serves ulterior interests) and authoritarianism, dogmatism, and prejudice. 858: 730: 716: 590: 570: 416: 179: 71: 61: 8769: 20006: 19991: 19886: 18763: 18565: 15800: 14585: 13904: 12313: 11793: 11742: 10052: 10011: 8687: 7393: 7102: 6041:

Vassallo, C. (2018). Atomism and the Worship of Gods: On Democritus' 'Rational' Attitude towards Theology.

4559: 2027:) compiled a large number of ancient arguments against the existence of gods, recommending that one should 926: 880:

encompasses both atheism and agnosticism. However, many agnostics see their view as distinct from atheism.

9893: 8922:; Harvey, John; Nyborg, Helmuth (2009). "Average intelligence predicts atheism rates across 137 nations". 8383: 7463: 4641: 4240: 2140:

could not be intuitively or rationally apprehended by human intellect. Sects deemed heretical such as the

1962:, and from this period the most important Greek thinker in the development of atheism was the philosopher 687:

position than theism and that everyone is born without beliefs in deities; therefore, they argue that the

19412: 18923: 18773: 18485: 18480: 18252: 16797: 16758: 16313: 16227: 15795: 14202: 13316: 13273: 12803: 12793: 9526: 9473:"Are there gender differences in cognitive reflection? Invariance and differences related to mathematics" 8747: 6942:

Winfried Schröder, in: Matthias Knutzen: Schriften und Materialien (2010), p. 8. See also Rececca Moore,

5975: 4659: 3499: 3083: 2468: 1452: 1203: 988: 938:

In fact, "atheism" is a term that should not even exist. No one ever needs to identify himself as a "non-

688: 20161: 8260: 7691: 19283: 19006: 17551: 17496: 17192: 15954: 15494: 14197: 14139: 13278: 12943: 12908: 12704: 12054: 9689: 9684: 9530: 6747: 4931: 2750:, 38% of Australians have "no religion", a category that includes atheists. In a 2018 census, 48.2% of 2227: 1265: 1198:

since naturalism and theism "cannot both be true". Fiona Ellis describes the "expansive naturalism" of

1129: 661: 263: 15571: 10105: 9414:"Higher math anxious people have a lower need for cognition and are less reflective in their thinking" 8354: 5800:. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp. 96–97. 4897:, p. 275. "Perhaps the most common criticism of atheism is the claim that it leads inevitably to 3585: 2629: 2627:, non-religious beliefs, and non-theistic religious and spiritual beliefs. A 2010 survey published in 2168: 19931: 19891: 19332: 18798: 18587: 18445: 17897: 16807: 16586: 16217: 15847: 15447: 14579: 14331: 14168: 14123: 13497: 12958: 12445: 11732: 11001: 10422:

Freethinkers of Medieval Islam: Ibn al-Rāwandī, Abū Bakr al-Rāzī, and Their Impact on Islamic Thought

10096: 9720: 8290: 6605:(second ed.). Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 556–561. 3656: 3290: 3157: 2845: 2731: 2344: 2215: 1711: 1241: 243: 20246: 16903: 8659: 7502: 7494: 7019: 6432:

5,41–46 & 6.1. Testimonies, especially in the context of polemical criticism, are found e.g. in

6120:. Comments and English text by Richard D. McKirahan. Thomas Library, Bryn Mawr College, 1997, p. 3. 20031: 19759: 19521: 19481: 19471: 19419: 18302: 18262: 18217: 18007: 17997: 17802: 17556: 17381: 17317: 17287: 17177: 16942: 16851: 16819: 16802: 16714: 15638: 14913: 14849: 14319: 14304: 13998: 13615: 13545: 13366: 13131: 13060: 13055: 12754: 12500: 11903: 11879: 11807: 11515: 11399: 7215:

The Origin and Nature of Secularism. Showing that where Freethought Commonly Ends Secularism Begins

6094: 5202:

Kahoe, R.D. (June 1977). "Intrinsic Religion and Authoritarianism: A Differentiated Relationship".

4962: 2516: 1589: 1357: 903: 814: 583: 31: 15356: 9639:; Besant, Annie; Bradlaugh, Alice; Moss, A. B.; Cattell, C.C.; Standring, G.; Aveling, E. (1884). 7799: 7219: 4618: 2259: 968: 19809: 19717: 19016: 19011: 18753: 18690: 18640: 18600: 18545: 18180: 18175: 18065: 18012: 17902: 17832: 17628: 17439: 17354: 16581: 16559: 16358: 16180: 15705: 15398: 15325: 15009: 14380: 14180: 14089: 13812: 13527: 13467: 13459: 13156: 13151: 12938: 12923: 12788: 12306: 12243: 11874: 11864: 11765: 11624: 10453: 8229: 8183: 8157: 7664: 7632: 7061: 3118: 2607: 2598:, have been cited by "new" atheists as evidence of a need to move toward a more secular society. 2519:

was one of the most influential American atheists; she brought forth the 1963 Supreme Court case

2421: 1815: 1245: 1231: 1186: 1154: 726: 677: 223: 196: 127: 66: 17: 11495: 11469: 10969: 7555: 6773:, by Mohammad Abd-El Hamid Al-Hamad, first edition 1999, Dar Al-Taliaa Al-Jadida, Syria (Arabic) 5271: 5019:, Chapter 4) there is the famous argument that "If there is no God, all things are permitted.": 4990:, p. 275. "Among the many myths associated with religion, none is more widespread [ 3402: 2815: 19981: 19971: 19560: 19491: 19476: 18957: 18916: 18620: 18515: 18475: 18455: 18312: 18287: 18192: 18165: 18115: 18085: 18075: 17992: 17957: 17942: 17927: 17882: 17817: 17491: 17422: 17327: 17322: 17063: 16986: 16770: 16652: 16576: 16373: 16363: 16222: 16190: 16128: 16099: 15633: 15628: 15343: 15303: 15088: 14429: 14424: 14404: 14400: 13409: 13228: 12845: 12840: 12549: 12209: 9101: 8924: 8453: 7449: 5386: 5011: 4042: 2747: 2595: 2409: 2192: 1974: 1856:, but he fled the city to escape punishment. In post-classical antiquity, philosophers such as 1351: 1177:, only physical entities exist. Philosophies opposed to the materialism or physicalism include 1039: 10557: 10174: 7397: 6629:

Sherwin-White, A.N. (April 1964). "Why Were the Early Christians Persecuted? – An Amendment".

5834: 5304: 3032: 2164: 20178: 20091: 20066: 19996: 19679: 19407: 19180: 19138: 19108: 18861: 18806: 18723: 18675: 18650: 18450: 18272: 18267: 18135: 18125: 17947: 17623: 17566: 17386: 17332: 16775: 16753: 16672: 16613: 16279: 15718: 15591: 14776: 14375: 14287: 13944: 13899: 13837: 13827: 13166: 13030: 12875: 12865: 12850: 12798: 11814: 11557: 8104: 7764:"Finding Shared Values in a Diverse Society: Lessons From the Intelligent Design Controversy" 7588: 6870: 6822: 6586: 6377: 5885:. (Princeton University Press: 1957, Twelfth Princeton Paperback printing 1989) pp. 227–249. 5737: 5692: 5408: 4510: 4052: 3716:

It has come to be widely accepted that to be an atheist is to affirm the non-existence of God

3474: 3350:

It has come to be widely accepted that to be an atheist is to affirm the non-existence of God

2870:, atheism blossoms in places where most people feel economically secure, particularly in the 2858:

Various studies have reported positive correlations between levels of education, wealth, and

2616: 2488: 2437: 2433: 2336: 2282: 2145: 2043: 2005: 1710:. Atheistic schools are found in early Indian thought and have existed from the times of the 1636: 1517: 1485: 1182: 733:

atheism (sizes in the diagram are not meant to indicate relative sizes within a population).

189: 122: 15611: 15566: 10056: 9910: 9814: 7125: 5518: 228: 20086: 19841: 19754: 19732: 19655: 19651: 19580: 19496: 19441: 19436: 19259: 19103: 18992: 18851: 18841: 18826: 18733: 18660: 18630: 18605: 18570: 18530: 18525: 18500: 18370: 18292: 18242: 18222: 18212: 18100: 18047: 18022: 17872: 17867: 17847: 17812: 17797: 17741: 17516: 17449: 17417: 17297: 17232: 17098: 16976: 16829: 16731: 16630: 16542: 16510: 16505: 16353: 16085: 15415: 14999: 14759: 14370: 14314: 14265: 14250: 14103: 13934: 13379: 13311: 13254: 13238: 13223: 13203: 13161: 13035: 12880: 12870: 12855: 12820: 12815: 12783: 12506: 12490: 12475: 12216: 11933: 11800: 11649: 11629: 11567: 11432: 10100: 9906: 9713:

The Presumption of Atheism, and other Philosophical Essays on God, Freedom, and Immortality

9153: 9022:

Rhodes, Nancy; Wood, Wendy (1992). "Self-esteem and intelligence affect influenceability".

7898:

Shall the Religious Inherit the Earth?: Demography and Politics in the Twenty-First Century

6425: 5624: 3580: 2590:

and the partially successful attempts to change the American science curriculum to include

2587: 2579: 2401: 2276: 2271: 2125: 1853: 1632: 1580:

Sam Harris criticizes Western religion's reliance on divine authority as lending itself to

1535: 1484:, the role of the gods in determining right from wrong is either unnecessary or arbitrary. 1444: 638: 516: 507: 458: 343: 14612: 13577: 10401: 9858: 8519: 8490:"'Nones' are now the biggest religious group in the US – with families torn on priorities" 6824:

Assault on the Remnant: The Advent Movement The Spirit of Prophecy and Rome's Trojan Horse

6090: 3729: 3363: 2350:

In the latter half of the 19th century, atheism rose to prominence under the influence of

2327:

was a restructuring and subordination of the clergy with respect to the state through the

2176: 8: 20229: 20111: 19976: 19846: 19636: 19565: 19322: 19295: 19278: 19266: 19088: 19044: 18856: 18831: 18811: 18788: 18715: 18665: 18645: 18560: 18550: 18505: 18465: 18420: 18415: 18405: 18395: 18390: 18385: 18375: 18360: 18355: 18350: 18345: 18340: 18317: 18227: 18202: 18080: 18070: 18032: 18002: 17987: 17972: 17962: 17952: 17917: 17912: 17862: 17807: 17782: 17726: 17583: 17571: 17459: 17454: 17444: 17312: 17113: 17026: 16971: 16947: 16834: 16741: 16699: 16494: 16343: 15971: 15763: 15648: 15467: 15281: 15166: 15094: 14984: 14905: 14732: 14385: 14209: 14055: 13919: 13620: 13492: 13371: 13040: 12963: 12953: 12830: 12714: 12709: 12385: 12380: 12340: 12199: 11821: 11508: 10912: 10763: 9854: 9810: 9784: 8553: 8225: 8071: 7127:

Subjectivity and Irreligion: Atheism and Agnosticism in Kant, Schopenhauer, and Nietzsche

6993: 5259: 4274:. Dover. pp. 115–116. In a footnote, Ayer attributes this view to "Professor H.H. Price". 3909: 3660: 3294: 2863: 2833: 2829: 2824: 2782: 2774: 2711: 2687: 2571: 2530: 2447:

State atheism emerged in Eastern Europe and Asia, particularly in the Soviet Union under

2367: 2172: 2160: 2009: 1707: 1697: 1612: 1574: 1566:—have criticized religions, citing harmful aspects of religious practices and doctrines. 1555: 1543: 1466: 1331: 1323: 1211: 931: 883: 873: 373: 258: 233: 206: 9157: 8013: 5980:. Translated by Zbirohowski-Kościa, Witold. Berlin: Walther de Gruyter. pp. 61–68. 5634: 2850: 2237: 2155:

did much to expand the scope of free thought and skeptical inquiry. Individuals such as

980: 20195: 19831: 19747: 19737: 19570: 19533: 19463: 19402: 19385: 19339: 19249: 19163: 18977: 18836: 18816: 18783: 18680: 18670: 18615: 18610: 18540: 18520: 18510: 18495: 18490: 18470: 18440: 18435: 18410: 18400: 18332: 18297: 18282: 18187: 18160: 18150: 18110: 18095: 18090: 18042: 18037: 17977: 17932: 17892: 17787: 17774: 17561: 17486: 17359: 17182: 16856: 16814: 16677: 16645: 16620: 16547: 16527: 16348: 16296: 16284: 16262: 15854: 15812: 15685: 15539: 15534: 15524: 15376: 15160: 15136: 14515: 14439: 14187: 14133: 13909: 13867: 13777: 13742: 13517: 13482: 13384: 13326: 13288: 13283: 13119: 13109: 12913: 12885: 12835: 12626: 12586: 12150: 11982: 11854: 11691: 11634: 11582: 11294: 11005: 10838: 10800: 10323: 10016: 9972: 9740: 9607: 9492: 9441: 9382: 9321: 9220: 9176: 9141: 9077: 9050: 8828: 8739: 7560: 7015: 6642: 6501:

Klauck, Hans-Joseph (2012). "Moving in and Moving Out". In van der Watt, Jan G. (ed.).

6201: 5933: 5673: 5219: 4739: 4172: 3612: 3538: 3265: 3237:

God and the Burden of Proof: Plantinga, Swinburne, and the Analytical Defense of Theism

2970:

was coined in the late 19th century to describe an absence of belief in plural deities.

2932: 2871: 2405: 2267: 2263: 2255: 2080: 2076: 2035: 1959: 1914: 1875: 1715: 1686: 1658: 1138: 1035: 868: 819: 794: 642: 534: 358: 348: 184: 174: 89: 15966: 15544: 15188: 14918: 13672: 13625: 9353:"Worlds apart? Atheist, agnostic, and humanist worldviews in three European countries" 3450:, p. 2: "But agnosticism is compatible with negative atheism in that agnosticism 1240:

of Christianity, are ascribed logically inconsistent qualities. Such atheists present

19961: 19863: 19851: 19836: 19816: 19727: 19674: 19646: 19628: 19431: 19307: 19300: 19113: 19061: 19039: 18967: 18893: 18887: 18821: 18778: 18768: 18758: 18748: 18655: 18575: 18535: 18460: 18430: 18322: 18277: 18257: 18232: 18207: 18170: 18155: 18130: 18105: 18017: 17967: 17922: 17907: 17887: 17877: 17852: 17792: 17736: 17501: 17277: 16873: 16844: 16790: 16785: 16746: 16684: 16640: 16625: 16608: 16603: 16598: 16537: 16272: 16158: 15924: 15894: 15874: 15695: 15514: 15504: 15499: 15457: 15420: 15141: 15056: 14979: 14877: 14867: 14835: 14823: 14791: 14768: 14750: 14646: 14501: 14409: 14395: 14358: 14346: 14175: 14094: 14046: 13969: 13965: 13847: 13832: 13502: 13449: 13429: 13331: 13321: 13248: 13077: 13067: 12860: 12648: 12568: 12390: 12285: 12253: 12179: 12029: 11839: 11751: 11727: 11722: 11359: 11340: 11319: 11301: 11261: 11235: 11195: 11165: 11119: 11083: 11030: 11011: 10987: 10952: 10933: 10891: 10857: 10842: 10821:

Ledrew, S. (2012). "The evolution of atheism: Scientific and humanistic approaches".

10807: 10784: 10754: 10711: 10690: 10642: 10623: 10604: 10582: 10563: 10542: 10536: 10510: 10485: 10425: 10391: 10381: 10367: 10359: 10339: 10329: 10295: 10285: 10244: 10225: 10184: 10144: 10062: 10023: 9990: 9916: 9872: 9820: 9796: 9789: 9750: 9694: 9658: 9636: 9614: 9588: 9566: 9445: 9433: 9386: 9325: 9224: 9181: 9082: 8976: 8832: 8820: 8634: 8110: 7845: 7594: 7506: 7407: 7287: 7241: 7177: 7131: 6917: 6876: 6828: 6803: 6698: 6676: 6606: 6508: 6385: 6305: 6253: 6121: 6022: 5981: 5886: 5840: 5801: 5743: 5698: 5677: 5522: 5485: 5455: 5418: 5345: 5314: 5183: 4848: 4782: 4575: 4528: 4489: 4346: 4294: 4251: 4217: 4115: 3984: 3858: 3240: 3165: 3091: 3038: 3011: 2927: 2904: 2583: 2521: 2456: 2324: 2254:

In the course of the 18th century, other openly atheistic thinkers followed, such as

2156: 2129: 2120:

In Europe, the espousal of atheistic views was rare during the Early Middle Ages and

2109: 2068: 1880: 1845: 1821:, but atheism in the modern sense was extremely rare in ancient Greece. Pre-Socratic 1810:, Lucretius stated that everything consists of material substance moving in infinity. 1754: 1662: 1481: 1303: 1169:: the belief that there is only one kind of fundamental substance. The philosophical 558: 554: 393: 284: 20263: 20106: 16378: 15976: 15425: 13472: 11479: 9496: 8743: 6554: 5178: 5161: 4136: 2730:

or regions where the religiously unaffiliated make up a majority of the population:

1057:), in the sense of "one who ... denies the existence of God or gods", predates 20299: 19722: 19712: 19538: 19486: 19390: 19254: 19143: 19093: 19071: 19066: 18997: 18846: 18728: 18625: 18237: 18197: 18145: 18140: 18057: 18027: 17937: 17827: 17691: 17643: 17638: 17202: 17167: 17140: 16898: 16883: 16780: 16704: 16554: 16532: 16440: 16301: 16080: 16043: 15899: 15884: 15832: 15643: 15623: 15586: 15581: 15559: 15554: 15482: 15472: 15313: 15277: 15269: 15240: 15153: 15073: 15068: 15031: 15021: 14947: 14885: 14727: 14564: 14414: 14072: 13872: 13735: 13705: 13695: 13690: 13587: 13572: 13218: 13114: 12948: 12768: 12739: 12678: 12616: 12470: 12238: 12078: 12068: 12024: 11987: 11975: 11786: 11779: 11772: 11701: 11696: 11669: 11577: 11552: 11356:

Society without God: What the Least Religious Nations Can Tell Us About Contentment

11206: 10830: 10275: 10271: 10217: 10205: 10136: 9947: 9484: 9425: 9372: 9364: 9313: 9267: 9212: 9171: 9161: 9137: 9072: 9062: 9031: 9008: 8933: 8812: 8729: 8721: 8045: 7374: 6634: 6534: 6429: 6193: 6072: 6059: 5925: 5665: 5511: 5300: 5296: 5241: 5211: 5173: 4898: 4778: 4571: 4520: 3003: 2922: 2635: 2425: 2417: 2413: 2394: 2359: 2287: 2223: 2188: 2088: 2056: 2017: 1861: 1818: 1581: 1551: 1474: 1448: 1398: 1369: 877: 630: 546: 498: 451: 444: 437: 383: 328: 117: 16517: 11175: 9488: 6946:(2011), calling Knutzen "the first open advocate of a modern atheist perspective" 6580: 4315: 4048:

A Replie to Mr Calfhills Blasphemous Answer Made Against the Treatise of the Cross

2467:, the outlawing of religious instruction in the schools, and the emergence of the 1793: 1563: 1527: 20096: 20036: 19921: 19769: 19764: 19742: 19662: 19616: 19373: 19327: 19225: 19202: 19185: 19158: 18943: 18897: 17526: 17506: 16996: 16888: 16878: 16569: 16237: 16028: 16008: 15939: 15904: 15837: 15576: 15549: 15519: 15477: 15260: 15203: 14974: 14491: 14292: 14218: 14158: 14113: 14082: 13879: 13862: 13817: 13807: 13752: 13725: 13662: 13657: 13642: 13567: 13303: 13293: 12928: 12918: 12719: 12596: 12289: 12155: 12093: 12083: 11999: 11926: 11572: 11428: 11286: 11254: 11249: 11113: 10976: 10851: 10768: 10529: 10522: 10347: 10319: 10170: 10072: 10033: 9955: 9900: 9830: 9760: 9744: 9728: 9648: 9624: 9558: 9534: 9429: 9166: 9003: 8937: 8694: 8439: 8403: 8182:. Directorate General Research, European Union. 2010. p. 207. Archived from 8120: 7927: 7904: 7533: 7444: 7401: 7347: 7213: 7209: 7167: 7082:

Geoffrey Blainey; A Short History of Christianity; Viking; 2011; pp. 390–391

6954: 6754: 6671: 6664: 6561: 6463: 6416:

Fragments of Euhemerus' work in Ennius' Latin translation have been preserved in

5789: 5412: 5393: 4685: 4420: 4247: 4236: 4107: 4046: 3823: 3153: 3048: 2698: 2559: 2555: 2508: 2476: 2371: 2332: 1870: 1806: 1742: 1722:, the oldest philosophical school of thought, does not accept God, and the early 1665:. Atheism is accepted as a valid philosophical position within some varieties of 1547: 1373: 1295: 1291: 1261: 1227: 1075: 1070: 1065:

as a label of practical godlessness was used at least as early as 1577. The term

907: 887: 823: 822:

said that "All children are born Atheists; they have no idea of God." Similarly,

665: 430: 353: 313: 298: 253: 248: 238: 201: 9472: 9471:

Primi, Caterina; Donati, Maria Anna; Chiesi, Francesca; Morsanyi, Kinga (2018).

9252: 9035: 7526: 6184:

Kahn, Charles (1997). "Greek Religion and Philosophy in the Sisyphus Fragment".

5245: 2762: 2246: 2136:

limitation of human knowledge to singular objects, and asserted that the divine

1496:, and that morality does not depend on a lawmaker in the same way that laws do. 20126: 20046: 20001: 19941: 19906: 19698: 19611: 19516: 19424: 19215: 19049: 18972: 17648: 17541: 17481: 17197: 17172: 16957: 16861: 16765: 16709: 16662: 16075: 16023: 15919: 15889: 15869: 15864: 15859: 15842: 15738: 15658: 15606: 15596: 15529: 14663: 14326: 14309: 14128: 14108: 14077: 13852: 13842: 13782: 13730: 13667: 13562: 13487: 13444: 13424: 13213: 13089: 13050: 12744: 12734: 12729: 12653: 12263: 12135: 12100: 12039: 11908: 11602: 11048: 10417: 9580: 9413: 9216: 8221: 6417: 6014: 5576: 5074: 4484:

Oppy, Graham (2013). "chapter 4". In Bullivant, Stephen; Ruse, Michael (eds.).

4083: 3947: 3733: 3367: 3007: 2751: 2655: 2575: 2448: 2204: 2084: 1539: 1504: 1412: 1394: 673: 653: 333: 318: 293: 137: 14928: 12485: 11394: 10280: 9271: 6346: 6197: 5669: 2370:, who denied the existence of deities and were critical of religion. In 1842, 1852:

under the charge of being a "godless person" (ἄθεος) after he made fun of the

1447:

has been to the contrary: that denying the existence of a god either leads to

1236:

Some atheists hold the view that the various conceptions of gods, such as the

1029: 841:

contested including the mere absence of theistic belief as a type of atheism.

20293: 20081: 19966: 19881: 19826: 19686: 19606: 19501: 19351: 19344: 19237: 19190: 19083: 18939: 17576: 17130: 17011: 16425: 16420: 16368: 16205: 16143: 16038: 15929: 15827: 15758: 15690: 15680: 15653: 15601: 15509: 15487: 15437: 15333: 15296: 15215: 15123: 14574: 14525: 14230: 13822: 13747: 13630: 13610: 13522: 13477: 12688: 12130: 12063: 11992: 11639: 11587: 10834: 10299: 9876: 9609:

Godless: How an Evangelical Preacher Became One of America's Leading Atheists

9317: 9200: 9100:

Da Silva, Sergio; Matsushita, Raul; Seifert, Guilherme; De Carvalho, Mateus.

9067: 8824: 8816: 8216: 7931: 7908: 7723: 7358: 6665:

Inquisition from Its Establishment to the Great Schism: An Introductory Study

6077: 5793: 5037: 4910: 4532: 3850: 3533: 3416: 3260: 2452: 2313: 2241: 2219: 2200: 2072: 1866: 1757:. It is noteworthy as evidence of a materialistic movement in ancient India. 1646: 1616: 1493: 1456: 1437: 1361: 1207: 1199: 1094: 1090: 956: 894: 378: 323: 152: 18908: 16267: 10076: 9834: 9628: 8725: 8688:

Muslim Millennial Attitudes on Religion and Religious Leadership, Arab World

8124: 4451: 4119: 3209:

lend themselves to two different definitions. The first takes the privative

3052: 2099: 1645:, but some sects within major religions reject the existence of a personal, 833:

is "the absence of theistic belief without a conscious rejection of it" and

20116: 19916: 19821: 19667: 19641: 19550: 19232: 19220: 19168: 19128: 19123: 18987: 18982: 17711: 17613: 17474: 17162: 17157: 17135: 17125: 17006: 16460: 16395: 16338: 16323: 16289: 15914: 15822: 14895: 14786: 14781: 14632: 14602: 14476: 14444: 14192: 14163: 14150: 13767: 13757: 13720: 13710: 13700: 13592: 13507: 13439: 13336: 13000: 12724: 12673: 12430: 12360: 12273: 11869: 11547: 11491: 10965: 10883: 10776: 10514: 10440: 10351: 10210:

Why I am not a Christian, and other essays on religion and related subjects

10037: 9959: 9863: 9764: 9732: 9437: 9301: 9185: 9086: 8951:

Starr, Michael Lipka, Patricia Tevington and Kelsey Jo (February 7, 2024).

8919: 8800: 6638: 5187: 5066: 4816: 4016: 3762: 2912: 2867: 2441: 2340: 2231: 2052: 2039: 1952: 1942: 1703: 1620: 1500: 1425: 1253: 1237: 1052: 899: 838: 810: 806: 721: 684: 388: 368: 308: 15961: 14683: 10140: 9693:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). MacMillan Reference US (Gale). p. 359. 8377:"PDF of the Secular Nation article "A Conventioneer's Delight! Pt 5 of 5"" 7911:, Belfer Center, Harvard University/Birkbeck College, University of London 4051:. English recusant literature, 1558–1640. Vol. 203. Louvain. p. 2335:

violence and the expulsion of many clerics from France, lasting until the

2199:

gained influence in France, Prussia, and England. In 1546, French scholar

1873:, and this argument was in turn alluded to in Euripides' fragmentary play 1702:

Ideas that would be recognized today as atheistic are documented from the

20056: 19804: 19799: 19791: 19776: 19601: 19506: 19317: 19153: 19118: 19098: 19078: 19056: 19021: 17633: 17608: 17432: 17400: 17391: 17337: 17267: 17252: 17145: 17036: 16719: 16667: 16455: 16173: 16153: 15993: 15934: 15672: 15668: 15046: 14994: 14964: 14801: 14655: 14547: 14471: 14336: 14272: 14223: 13787: 13772: 13652: 13647: 13193: 13126: 13045: 13010: 12990: 12658: 12518: 12460: 12440: 12350: 12258: 12221: 12189: 12184: 12172: 12049: 11683: 11644: 11562: 11418: 11109: 11044: 10596: 10523:

The atheistic platform, 12 lectures by C. Bradlaugh [and others].

10126: 9708: 7163: 6433: 6324:

Sedley, D. (2013). The atheist underground. In Harte and M. Lane (edd.),

5478:

Johnson, Philip; et al. (2005). Claydon, David; et al. (eds.).

4267: 4087: 3573: 2671: 2663: 2591: 2563: 2546: 2390: 2375: 2355: 2351: 2152: 2141: 2121: 2103: 2034:

The meaning of "atheist" changed over the course of classical antiquity.

2001: 1905: 1830: 1765: 1654: 1604: 1417: 1287: 1283: 1257: 1249: 1191: 1174: 1170: 1134: 1124:

Other arguments for atheism that can be classified as epistemological or

974: 864: 842: 704: 493: 488: 303: 99: 16952: 16893: 16018: 15308: 14857: 12579: 11409: 10579:

Wondering About God: Impiety, Agnosticism, and Atheism in Ancient Greece

9377: 8734: 6695:

Wondering About God: Impiety, Agnosticism, and Atheism in Ancient Greece

6021:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 311–317. 4524: 4124:

The opinion which they conceaue of you, to be Atheists, or godlesse men.

2374:

was the last person imprisoned in Great Britain due to atheist beliefs.

1042:, with each side attributing it, in the pejorative sense, to the other. 910:, prefer distinguishing theist, agnostic, and atheist positions along a 872:

positive atheist. Michael Martin, for example, asserts that agnosticism

761:) reject or eschew belief that any deities exist without asserting that 19587: 19575: 19545: 19511: 19451: 19133: 17599: 17594: 17469: 17464: 17427: 17405: 17262: 17242: 17237: 17078: 17068: 17031: 16657: 16435: 16383: 16123: 15768: 15748: 15361: 15286: 15225: 14989: 14969: 14890: 14542: 14510: 14481: 14260: 14255: 14240: 13715: 13512: 13434: 13419: 13208: 13178: 13141: 13099: 13094: 13025: 12663: 12465: 12420: 12400: 12395: 12233: 12226: 12204: 12145: 12120: 12115: 12009: 11674: 11597: 11592: 11539: 11531: 11413: 9967: 9942: 9602: 9368: 8799:

Cook, Corey L.; Cohen, Florette; Solomon, Sheldon (September 1, 2015).

8710:"Global evidence of extreme intuitive moral prejudice against atheists" 7556:"Vashti McCollum, 93, Plaintiff In a Landmark Religion Suit – Obituary" 6907:

Geoffrey Blainey; A Short History of Christianity; Viking; 2011; p. 343

6859:

Geoffrey Blainey; A Short History of Christianity; Viking; 2011; p. 388

6807: 6421: 6250:

Ancient Greece: Everyday Life in the Birthplace of Western Civilization

6205: 5937: 5310: 5223: 5006: 4636: 3616: 2961: 2794: 2793:

In recent years, the profile of atheism has risen substantially in the

2715: 2460: 2429: 2379: 2309: 2305: 2133: 2013: 1947: 1930: 1836: 1826: 1642: 1608: 1489: 1327: 1313: 1114: 1110: 1087: 657: 479: 338: 142: 20212: 16465: 15381: 6947: 6646: 6153:

Whitmarsh, T. (2016). Diagoras, Bellerophon and the Siege of Olympus.

4915: 2998:

Zuckerman, Phil (2006). "Atheism: Contemporary Numbers and Patterns".

1461: 20021: 19858: 19593: 19555: 19148: 18962: 17546: 17342: 17257: 17247: 17118: 17073: 17058: 16991: 16839: 16328: 16250: 16210: 16200: 16163: 16138: 16118: 16013: 15879: 15733: 15723: 15618: 15388: 15198: 15183: 15148: 15131: 15113: 15026: 14806: 14722: 14701: 14696: 14673: 14668: 14627: 14622: 14559: 14496: 14419: 14390: 14341: 14282: 14235: 13857: 13582: 13404: 13233: 13198: 13183: 13146: 12563: 12480: 12455: 12425: 12415: 12405: 12268: 12194: 12167: 12162: 12140: 12110: 12105: 12014: 11706: 10888:

The Miracle of Theism: Arguments For and Against the Existence of God

9352: 7869:"Religion: Year in Review 2010: Worldwide Adherents of All Religions" 6474:

Diogenes Laërtius, The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, ii

6114:... nullos esse omnino Diagoras et Theodorus Cyrenaicus ... 5656:

Lyas, Colin (January 1970). "On the Coherence of Christian Atheism".

4845:

American Secularism: Cultural Contours of Nonreligious Belief Systems

2917: 2683: 2363: 2163:. Other critics of religion and the Church during this time included 2144:

were also accused of being atheistic. The resulting division between

1986: 1909: 1892: 1797: 1588:. Multiple studies have discovered there to be a correlation between 1570: 1421: 1365: 1299: 1014: 1000: 994: 960: 939: 363: 27:

Absence of belief in the existence of deities; the opposite of theism

15078: 14607: 10364:

God: The Failed Hypothesis—How Science Shows That God Does Not Exist

9986:"Atheists, agnostics most knowledgeable about religion, survey says" 5929: 5409:"Myth 27 Many Atrocities Have Been Committed in the Name of Atheism" 5215: 2854:

Darwin Day 2012 in Rome organized by Italian atheists and agnostics.

1451:

and leaves one with no moral or ethical foundation, or renders life

1149: 20011: 19707: 19528: 19356: 19271: 19210: 19173: 17349: 17093: 17083: 16938: 16450: 16430: 16257: 16133: 15988: 15351: 15291: 15210: 15118: 15105: 15083: 15063: 15041: 15036: 15016: 14956: 14923: 14862: 14706: 14691: 14569: 14530: 14486: 14277: 14214: 14118: 14021: 13924: 13914: 13399: 13394: 13389: 13341: 13188: 13104: 13072: 12985: 12977: 12668: 12643: 12611: 12606: 12450: 12345: 12088: 11965: 9971: 6449: 6166:

Davies, M. (1989). Sisyphus and the Invention of Religion (Critias

6082: 6054: 5977:

Diagoras of Melos: A Contribution to the History of Ancient Atheism

5267: 2500: 2496: 2463:. Atheist and anti-religious policies in the Soviet Union included 2300: 1997: 1979: 1963: 1884: 1840: 1782: 1730: 1674: 1666: 1600: 1559: 1377: 1309: 1279: 1178: 1125: 1061:

in English, being first found as early as 1566, and again in 1571.

920: 798: 20280: 10946: 10927: 10853:

Arguing for Atheism: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion

10262:. In Enstedt, Daniel; Larsson, Göran; Mantsinen, Teemu T. (eds.). 10220:(2001) . "Existentialism and Humanism". In Priest, Stephen (ed.). 9253:"Analytic atheism: A cross-culturally weak and fickle phenomenon?" 9140:; Ross, Robert; Koehler, Derek; Fugelsang, Jonathan (April 2016). 8611:"Religious 'Nones' in America: Who They Are and What They Believe" 5289: 3695: 3329: 2343:

seized power in 1793. The Jacobins were deists and introduced the

2203:

was executed upon accusation of being an atheist. The philosopher

1403: 19926: 19693: 17222: 17187: 17108: 17021: 16962: 16866: 16591: 16445: 16195: 16148: 16033: 15909: 15728: 15230: 15193: 15004: 14554: 14520: 14363: 14064: 13173: 13084: 12995: 12638: 12591: 12435: 12355: 12298: 12125: 12004: 11970: 11446: 9302:"The Origins of Religious Disbelief: A Dual Inheritance Approach" 7062:"Answer to Dr. Priestley's Letters to a Philosophical Unbeliever" 6302:

Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Plato and the Trial of Socrates

2966: 2951:

In part because of its wide use in monotheistic Western society,

2679: 2675: 2667: 2642: 2137: 1888: 1869:, who argues that Diagoras rejected the gods on the basis of the 1822: 1801: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1746: 1723: 1719: 1670: 1522: 1477:

that do not require principles and rules to be given by a deity.

1269: 943: 914:—the likelihood that each assigns to the statement "God exists". 649: 11485: 11459: 11279: 10343: 9099: 7340: 7092: 5906:. Eighth Reprint Edition. (University of Calcutta: 1984). p. 55. 5861:"The ancient connections between atheism, buddhism and Hinduism" 2515:

case that struck down religious education in US public schools.

1753:

and hence is not considered part of the six orthodox schools of

19946: 17531: 17410: 17395: 17214: 17103: 17088: 17046: 16824: 16724: 15998: 15753: 15743: 15432: 15393: 15235: 14843: 14813: 14537: 13243: 13136: 13015: 12495: 12410: 12375: 12329: 12248: 11473: 11192:

The Atheist's Guide to Reality: Enjoying Life Without Illusions

10267: 9946: 2659: 2028: 1857: 1849: 1429: 1166: 1158: 1020: 626: 614: 15944: 10772:, vol. 99, no. 5 (September / October 2020), pp. 110–118. 7975:"New Survey Shows the World's Most and Least Religious Places" 7048:

System of Nature; or, the Laws of the Moral and Physical World

6579: 5916:

Joshi, L.R. (1966). "A New Interpretation of Indian Atheism".

4089:

The Psalmes of David and others, with J. Calvin's commentaries

4019:. American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. 2009. 3589:. Vol. 1 (15th ed.). 2011. p. 666. 0852294735. 3537: 3264: 2159:

sought experimentation as a means of explanation, and opposed

725:

A diagram showing the relationship between the definitions of

20137: 19911: 19901: 19896: 19368: 19363: 17227: 17001: 16981: 16966: 16564: 16390: 16185: 16048: 16003: 15983: 15220: 14617: 14463: 14245: 13020: 12573: 12370: 12073: 11960: 11500: 9136: 8863:

Vyse, Stuart (April 2020). "Are atheists sadder but wiser?".

8709: 3443: 3441: 2798: 2651: 2647: 2504: 2492: 2196: 1750: 1738: 1729:

The thoroughly materialistic and anti-theistic philosophical

1641:

People who self-identify as atheists are often assumed to be

1585: 1433: 1273: 1024: 1006: 986: 978: 966: 618: 9791:

The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason

9635: 9249: 8706: 8255: 8253: 8251: 6944:

The Heritage of Western Humanism, Scepticism and Freethought

1777:. The rejection of a personal creator "God" is also seen in 1760:

Satischandra Chatterjee and Dhirendramohan Datta explain in

20041: 17152: 17041: 15051: 13990: 12601: 11256:

How We Believe: Science, Skepticism, and the Search for God

8350: 5338: 1569:

The 19th-century German political theorist and sociologist

11276:

A Sacred Space is Never Empty: A History of Soviet Atheism

10266:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 18. 9300:

Gervais, Will M.; Najle, Maxine B.; Caluori, Nava (2021).

8887:"Why are atheists generally smarter than religious people" 8109:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 55, 57. 7337:

A Sacred Space is Never Empty: A History of Soviet Atheism

5477: 4648:, p. 677. Motilal Banarsidass Pubs. ISBN 978-81-208-3608-2 3466: 3464: 3438: 17051: 17016: 15713: 15127: 12683: 11949: 9470: 8410:. Institute for Comparative Survey Research. March 2015. 8248: 7979: 7593:. Walnut Creek, California: AltraMira Press. p. 48. 5159: 4992: 3408: 3394: 3392: 2839: 2012:

were also reputed to deny the existence of the gods. The

8615:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

8265:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

7804:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

6757:

by Fred Whitehead; also quoted in Cyril Glasse, (2001),

6697:. Barcelona: Independently Published. pp. 171–178. 6384:. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 26–27. 6380:. In McBrayer, Justin P.; Howard-Snyder, Daniel (eds.). 3526: 3184: 3037:. Liverpool University Press. p. 122 (footnote 1). 20026: 10481:

A History of Atheism in Britain: From Hobbes to Russell

3480: 3461: 2960:

encompassed only disbelief in the singular God, not in

2859: 2062: 1626: 1312:

is credited with first expounding the problem of evil.

14033: 11918: 10766:, "Giving Up on God: The Global Decline of Religion", 10387:

The New Atheism: Taking a Stand for Science and Reason

9351:

Schnell, Tatjana; de Boer, Elpine; Alma, Hans (2021).

7060:

Hammon, William; Turner, Matthew (November 22, 2004).

5368: 3389: 2785:

study, 28% of Americans are religiously unaffiliated.

2594:

ideas, together with support for those ideas from the

2529:

was co-founded by Anne Nicol Gaylor and her daughter,

2525:

which banned compulsory prayer in public schools. The

2503:

for discriminating and dividing people in the name of

2420:, and the general scientific movement. Proponents of 2042:, Christians were executed for their rejection of the 11145:

Rafford, R.L. (1987). "Atheophobia—an introduction".

10447: 9102:"Atheists score higher on cognitive reflection tests" 6827:(Expanded ed.). Dog Ear Publishing. p. 39. 5779: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5771: 4560:"Theistic Naturalism and "Special" Divine Providence" 4551: 4479: 4477: 4181:

De la vérite de la religion chréstienne (1581, Paris)

3928: 3784:, edited by Peter A. Angeles, Prometheus Books, 1997. 3563: 3561: 3559: 3492: 1407:

Lecture to the Atheist Community of San Jose in 2017.

9049:

Daws, Richard; Hampshire, Adam (December 19, 2017).

7921:

London: A Rising Island of Religion in a Secular Sea

7743: 7719:"Preview: The Four Horsemen of New Atheism reunited" 5233:

International Journal for the Psychology of Religion

5160:

Moreira-almeida, A.; Neto, F.; Koenig, H.G. (2006).

4836: 4443: 3958: 3767:

Basic Beliefs: The Religious Philosophies of Mankind

2993: 2991: 2964:

deities. It is on this basis that the obsolete term

2894: 2148:

influenced later radical and reformist theologians.

1800:

pointing to the casus, the downward movement of the

1745:. This branch of Indian philosophy is classified as 1337: 1034:. The term found frequent use in the debate between 1005:

as "atheistic". As an abstract noun, there was also

801:

deities. Gradually, this view fell into disfavor as

699:

Writers disagree on how best to define and classify

648:

Atheist organizations have defended the autonomy of

629:, which in its most general form is the belief that 9299: 6814: 6800:

The Anthropology of Religion, Witchcraft, and Magic

6781: 6779: 5731: 5729: 5633:. London: Collins. pp. 102–103. Archived from 5484:. Vol. 2. William Carey Library. p. 194. 5229: 5153: 5141: 4717:

Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide

4195: 4193: 1486:

The argument that morality must be derived from God

11293: 11253: 10981: 10799: 10452:. Vol. 1. Polish Thomas Aquinas Association. 10015: 9788: 9606: 9350: 8878: 6862: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6334: 6300:Brickhouse, Thomas C.; Smith, Nicholas D. (2004). 5902:Satischandra Chatterjee and Dhirendramohan Datta. 5768: 5510: 5406: 4870:"Common Misconceptions About Atheists and Atheism" 4474: 4338: 3819:"Why I'm Not an Atheist: The Case for Agnosticism" 3556: 2754:reported having no religion, up from 30% in 1991. 1294:God is not compatible with a world where there is 1268:, personhood (a personal being), non-physicality, 9912:God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything 9687:(2005) . "Atheism". In Donald M. Borchert (ed.). 8103:Zuckerman, Phil (2007). Martin, Michael T (ed.). 4692:. New York: Mother Earth Publishing Association. 4094:The Atheistes which say ... there is no God. 3787: 2988: 2819:Hungarian Atheist Society at Budapest Pride 2016. 2480:magazine asked "Is God Dead?" in response to the 20291: 10986:(New ed.). London: Edward Arnold & Co. 10947:Michael Martin & Ricki Monnier, ed. (2006). 10928:Michael Martin & Ricki Monnier, ed. (2003). 10636: 10556:Bullivant, Stephen; Ruse, Michael, eds. (2013). 8918: 8798: 6802:(2nd ed.). Allyn & Bacon. p. 219. 6776: 6568:. New York: Prometheus. Retrieved April 3, 2007. 6504:Identity, Ethics, and Ethos in the New Testament 5726: 5295: 4594: 4369: 4190: 2533:, in 1976 in the United States. It promotes the 1934:life." The Athenian public associated Socrates ( 818:exposed to theistic ideas. As far back as 1772, 11885:Brazilian Association of Atheists and Agnostics 11476:. Includes links to organizations and websites. 11330:Battling the Gods: Atheism in the Ancient World 10257: 8291:"2021 Australia, Census All persons QuickStats" 7403:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Communism 6549: 6547: 6331: 6299: 6009: 6007: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5881:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Charles A. Moore. 4714: 2308:developed a skeptical epistemology grounded in 2132:inspired anti-metaphysical tendencies with his 10781:Freethinkers: A History of American Secularism 10639:Varieties of Unbelief: From Epicurus to Sartre 9411: 7832:. Archived from the original on April 22, 2011 6382:The Blackwell Companion to The Problem of Evil 5969: 5967: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5959: 4861: 4412: 4381: 4307: 4293:(First ed.). Routledge. pp. 14, 15. 4284: 4282: 4280: 4205: 30:"Atheist" redirects here. For other uses, see 18938: 18924: 14006: 12534: 12314: 11934: 11516: 10555: 9048: 8683: 8681: 8072:"Beliefs about God across Time and Countries" 7800:"Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050" 7755: 7619: 7368: 7014: 6992:. William Paterson University. Archived from 6798:Stein, Rebecca L.; Stein, Phillip L. (2007). 6728: 6628: 6594: 5454:. New York: DK Publishing, Inc. p. 299. 5030: 3765:(1959). "Philosophical Concepts of Atheism". 3611: 3548:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 3275:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 3253: 3148: 3146: 2797:. In major cities across the region, such as 2098:–925), as well as outspoken atheists such as 591: 9412:Maloney, Erin A.; Retanal, Fraulein (2021). 9306:Social Psychological and Personality Science 8981:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 8805:Social Psychological and Personality Science 8639:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 8556:: Religion & Public Life. May 12, 2015. 7999: 7059: 7008: 6544: 6369: 6241: 5994: 5204:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 5077:, La Jolla, California: The Science Network. 4757: 4755: 4646:Abhidharmakośa-Bhāṣya of Vasubandhu Volume I 3030: 2507:and religion. In the United States, atheist 1105: 1073: 1050: 683:Nonbelievers contend that atheism is a more 10982:McTaggart, John; McTaggart, Ellis (1930) . 10849: 9725:Agnosticism: The Croall Lecture for 1887–88 8452:Hout, Michael; Smith, Tom W. (March 2015). 8156:. October 2010. p. 381. Archived from 8096: 7941: 7863: 7861: 6748:Freethought Traditions in the Islamic World 6658: 6656: 6624: 6622: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6269: 5956: 5690: 5471: 5162:"Religiousness and mental health: a review" 4843:Baker, Joseph O.; Smith, Buster G. (2015). 4812:"Societies without God are more benevolent" 4502: 4449: 4277: 3903: 3901: 3799: 3727: 3581:"Atheism as rejection of religious beliefs" 3361: 2804: 2714:survey in 2012, about 18% of Europeans are 1829:attempted to explain the world in a purely 1027: 893:According to atheists' arguments, unproven 781:Some of the ambiguity involved in defining 18931: 18917: 14013: 13999: 12548: 12541: 12527: 12321: 12307: 11941: 11927: 11523: 11509: 10258:Schaffner, Caleb; Cragun, Ryan T. (2020). 9984:Landsberg, Mitchell (September 28, 2010). 9021: 8914: 8912: 8858: 8856: 8854: 8678: 8077:. NORC, University of Chicago. p. 7. 6797: 6577: 6428:), which all rely on earlier fragments in 5973: 4932:"Atheist Group Moves Ahead Without O'Hair" 4842: 4744:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3143: 3031:Joas, Hans; Wiegandt, Klaus, eds. (2010). 2862:with atheism. According to 2024 data from 2728:one special administrative region of China 785:arises from the definitions of words like 613:, in the broadest sense, is an absence of 598: 584: 13940:Relationship between religion and science 11353: 11334: 10753:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10658:"The Mystical Ethics of the New Atheists" 10617: 10279: 10061:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10022:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 9983: 9974:An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 9557: 9376: 9175: 9165: 9076: 9066: 8733: 8451: 8445: 8102: 7225: 5177: 4761: 4752: 4715:Norris, Pippa; Inglehart, Ronald (2004). 4390:"Physicalism and Metaphysical Naturalism" 4185:Athisme, that is to say, vtter godlesnes. 4171: 4129: 3976: 3970: 3843: 3755: 3078: 3076: 3074: 2997: 2738:(57%), Hong Kong (56%), and China (52%). 1749:due to its rejection of the authority of 1691: 16493: 11157: 10904: 10707:An Intelligent Person's Guide to Atheism 10541:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 10438: 10416: 9905: 8654: 8652: 8650: 8550:"America's Changing Religious Landscape" 7967: 7858: 7658: 7625: 7586: 7538:International Humanist and Ethical Union 7406:. Oxford University Press. p. 588. 7323: 7208: 6785: 6722: 6653: 6619: 6600: 6266: 6252:. New York City: Sterling. p. 209. 6130: 5836:A history of Indian philosophy, Volume 1 5832: 5697:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 71. 5508: 5443: 5123: 4930:Pressley, Sue Anne (September 8, 1996). 4929: 4804: 4375: 4041: 3946: 3898: 3532: 3421:. The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 3259: 2849: 2814: 2761: 2697: 2611: 2550: 2389: 2236: 2108: 1958:Religious skepticism continued into the 1908:denying the existence of the gods, from 1792: 1521: 1511: 1402: 1148: 1144: 882: 852: 720: 710: 707:, but has also been contrasted with it. 672:, the rejection of concepts that cannot 17763: 11291: 11248: 11232:The Moral Case Against Religious Belief 11217:from the original on September 15, 2018 11204: 11144: 11024: 11000: 10951:. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books. 10932:. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books. 10911:. London: Geoffrey Bles. Archived from 10797: 10703: 10655: 10622:. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books. 10534: 10380: 10366:. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. 10358: 10328:. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books. 10204: 10095: 9853: 9683: 9647: 9579: 9539:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 9525: 9357:Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 8909: 8851: 8580:"America's Changing Religious Identity" 8398: 8396: 8143: 7749: 7716: 7492: 7277: 7231: 6820: 6718: 6571: 6566:An Anthology of Atheism and Rationalism 6375: 6344: 6247: 6109: 6107: 6013: 5950: 5735: 5623: 5449: 5374: 5344: 5147: 5127: 5119: 5099: 5087: 5053: 4867: 4684: 4425:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4351:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4320:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4216:. Temple University Press. p. 26. 4160: 4082: 3934: 3912:. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 3892: 3880: 3740:from the original on September 26, 2019 3655: 3486: 3414: 3374:from the original on September 26, 2019 3289: 3239:. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. 3234: 3230: 3158:"The Arguments From Evil and Nonbelief" 1332:numerous Buddhist arguments against God 1023:transliterated the Greek word into the 625:no deities. Atheism is contrasted with 95:Atheism during the Age of Enlightenment 14: 20292: 12866:Proper basis and Reformed epistemology 11339:. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger. 11229: 11075: 11043: 10882: 10820: 10802:What is Atheism?: A Short Introduction 10775: 10724: 10581:. Barcelona: Independently Published. 10477: 10260:"Chapter 20: Non-Religion and Atheism" 10238: 10216: 10157:from the original on February 27, 2021 10051: 10018:Atheism: A Philosophical Justification 10010: 9809: 9783: 9601: 9281:from the original on February 21, 2022 8884: 8433:America's Changing Religious Landscape 8331:from the original on November 27, 2023 8151:"Special Eurobarometer: Biotechnology" 8039:"Global Index of Religion and Atheism" 7810:from the original on February 15, 2019 7448:. April 8, 1966. Cover. Archived from 7392: 7365:; The Harvill Press; 1994; pp. 339–340 7311: 7265: 6966:Pacholczyk, Natalia (March 28, 2024). 6868: 6686: 6662:Maycock, A.L. and Ronald Knox (2003). 6555:The History of Freethought and Atheism 6500: 6398:from the original on November 20, 2016 6326:Politeia in Greek and Roman Philosophy 6287: 6235: 6035: 5909: 5783: 5352:. Catholic Education Resource Center. 5115: 5111: 4960: 4919:, II: "The Misery of Man Without God". 4876:from the original on December 31, 2013 4824:from the original on February 25, 2017 4557: 4357:from the original on December 11, 2017 4344: 4214:Atheism: A Philosophical Justification 4211: 4145:from the original on November 21, 2013 4106: 4023:from the original on November 27, 2013 3964: 3706:from the original on February 21, 2010 3567: 3470: 3447: 3398: 3340:from the original on February 21, 2010 3152: 3098:from the original on November 17, 2012 3071: 3034:Secularization and the World Religions 2840:Wealth, education, and reasoning style 2586:. The religiously-motivated terrorist 2182: 1883:from a lost Attic drama that featured 1788: 1534:Some prominent atheists—most recently 1224:Arguments against the existence of God 1165:Most atheists lean toward ontological 735:Explicit strong/positive atheists (in 670:argument from inconsistent revelations 18912: 17762: 16920: 16492: 14032: 13994: 12522: 12302: 11922: 11504: 11096:from the original on October 30, 2015 11063:from the original on February 1, 2023 10576: 10318: 9949:Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion 9739: 9719: 8950: 8780:from the original on January 21, 2018 8750:from the original on January 18, 2018 8666:from the original on February 6, 2016 8647: 8608: 8590:from the original on January 31, 2018 8530:from the original on December 6, 2017 8500:from the original on December 6, 2017 8176:Social values, Science and Technology 8131:from the original on October 31, 2015 8069: 7501:. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 7420:from the original on October 28, 2015 6924:from the original on December 2, 2013 6889:from the original on October 19, 2022 6692: 6378:"A Brief History of Problems of Evil" 6318: 6212: 6160: 6147: 6099:Commentary on Aristotle's Meteorology 5915: 5814:from the original on December 6, 2017 5711:from the original on October 10, 2023 5574: 5502: 5431:from the original on October 30, 2015 5417:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 88. 5407:Blackford, R.; Schüklenk, U. (2013). 5356:from the original on October 28, 2016 5201: 4987: 4894: 4729: 4570:(3). Wylie online library: abstract. 4508: 4326:from the original on November 3, 2019 3916:from the original on February 5, 2012 3907: 3849: 3831:from the original on December 9, 2013 3761: 3693: 3671:from the original on October 25, 2021 3643: 3510:from the original on January 21, 2012 3424: 3327: 3305:from the original on October 25, 2021 3198: 3172:from the original on January 10, 2007 3131:from the original on October 18, 2012 3059:from the original on October 30, 2015 2444:argued against the existence of God. 2432:emphatically rejected belief in God. 2293:Letters to a Philosophical Unbeliever 1383: 1319:Dialogues concerning Natural Religion 1080:, and appears in English about 1587. 20144: 11108: 10684: 10656:Germani, Alan (September 15, 2008). 10595: 10449:Universal Encyclopedia of Philosophy 10180:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy 10169: 10125: 9966: 9941: 9883:from the original on August 20, 2018 9707: 9198: 8862: 8442:, Pew Research Center, May 12, 2015. 8414:from the original on January 5, 2016 8393: 7761: 7717:Gribbin, Alice (December 22, 2011). 7659:Erickson, Doug (February 25, 2007). 7626:Erickson, Doug (February 25, 2010). 6875:. Taylor & Francis. p. 40. 6590:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 6183: 6104: 5904:An Introduction to Indian Philosophy 5839:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 258. 5756:from the original on October 7, 2023 5655: 5517:. Chelsea House Publishers. p. 5387:10 myths and 10 truths about Atheism 4942:from the original on October 8, 2017 4600: 4488:(illustrated ed.). OUP Oxford. 4483: 4418: 4288: 4241:Atheism, Agnosticism, Noncognitivism 4199: 3805: 3793: 3435:of God's existence is unattainable." 2116:by Lucretius, between 1475 and 1494. 2063:Early Middle Ages to the Renaissance 1887:, which has been attributed to both 1762:An Introduction to Indian Philosophy 1627:Atheism, religions, and spirituality 1217: 767:Implicit weak/negative atheists (in 751:Explicit weak/negative atheists (in 11464:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 11452:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 11438:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 11423:Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project 11211:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 11053:Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 10519:The Atheistic Platform: 12 Lectures 10456:from the original on March 12, 2021 9205:Review of Philosophy and Psychology 9118:from the original on March 21, 2022 8897:from the original on March 24, 2020 8697:, Tabah Foundation, Abu Dhabi, 2016 8621:from the original on March 11, 2024 8560:from the original on April 10, 2019 8301:from the original on March 29, 2023 8228:, p. 233, 2012, archived from 8167: 8012:. November 14, 2017. Archived from 7914: 7891: 7731:from the original on April 10, 2014 7554:Martin, Douglas (August 26, 2006). 7499:Untouchable: Dalits in Modern India 7172:. Oxford University Press. p. 7169:Humanism. A Very Short Introduction 7162: 7123: 7098:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 7046:Paul Henri Thiry, Baron d'Holbach, 6357:from the original on August 2, 2018 6351:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 6345:Konstan, David (January 10, 2005). 6279: 6227: 5871:from the original on April 3, 2019. 5556:from the original on April 16, 2011 4582:from the original on April 30, 2021 4539:from the original on April 30, 2021 4431:from the original on April 26, 2018 4400:from the original on April 13, 2021 4313: 4059:from the original on April 23, 2017 3853:(2006). "Why I Am Not an Atheist". 3700:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3665:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3334:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3299:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3119:"Skepticism about the Supernatural" 1348:Evolutionary psychology of religion 566: 24: 17732:Religions and spiritual traditions 14035:Religious groups and denominations 12328: 11316:Atheism: A Guide for the Perplexed 11296:A Short History of Western Atheism 11194:. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. 11132:from the original on June 11, 2024 10870:from the original on June 11, 2024 10521:. London: Freethought Publishing. 10498:from the original on June 11, 2024 10470: 10446:. In Maryniarczyk, Andrzej (ed.). 10243:. London: Routledge. p. 127. 10083:from the original on June 11, 2024 10058:The Cambridge Companion to Atheism 9929:from the original on June 11, 2024 9841:from the original on June 11, 2024 9771:from the original on June 11, 2024 9671:from the original on June 11, 2024 9585:Atheism: A Very Short Introduction 9545:from the original on June 11, 2024 9503:from the original on June 11, 2024 9452:from the original on June 11, 2024 9393:from the original on June 11, 2024 9332:from the original on June 11, 2024 9231:from the original on June 11, 2024 8839:from the original on June 11, 2024 8470:from the original on July 13, 2015 8271:from the original on July 30, 2013 8209:"Discrimination in the EU in 2012" 8106:The Cambridge Companion to Atheism 7698:from the original on April 8, 2010 7689: 7671:from the original on June 25, 2017 7640:from the original on June 25, 2017 7607:from the original on June 11, 2024 7568:from the original on July 27, 2018 7474:from the original on July 13, 2022 7300:from the original on June 11, 2024 7284:The Cambridge Companion to Atheism 7254:from the original on June 11, 2024 7238:The Cambridge Companion to Atheism 7190:from the original on June 11, 2024 7144:from the original on June 11, 2024 7028:from the original on June 17, 2019 6841:from the original on April 6, 2023 6507:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 417. 5605:from the original on March 2, 2007 4868:Gleeson, David (August 10, 2006). 4462:from the original on July 23, 2019 4387: 3625:from the original on June 23, 2011 3190: 3000:The Cambridge Companion to Atheism 2766:Symbol of atheism endorsed by the 2617:Nonreligious population by country 2318:arguments for the existence of God 2161:arguments from religious authority 793:. The variety of wildly different 25: 20311: 20122:Western European and Others Group 11427: 11374: 10306:from the original on June 2, 2021 10224:. London: Routledge. p. 45. 10113:from the original on May 12, 2011 9998:from the original on May 11, 2011 9859:"The Myth of Secular Moral Chaos" 9643:. London: Freethought Publishing. 8997:Why Atheism Will Replace Religion 8963:from the original on May 14, 2024 8357:from the original on May 18, 2023 8084:from the original on May 22, 2019 7879:from the original on July 2, 2014 7495:"Dalit Visions of a Just Society" 7363:Russia under the Bolshevik Regime 6734:Reynold Alleyne Nicholson, 1962, 6603:Backgrounds of Early Christianity 6578:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 5883:A Sourcebook in Indian Philosophy 5742:. Allied Publishers. p. 64. 5166:Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 4969:from the original on May 22, 2011 4696:from the original on May 21, 2011 4450:Bourget, David; Chalmers, David. 3593:from the original on May 12, 2011 3116: 2482:Death of God theological movement 2358:philosophers. German philosopher 1814:Western atheism has its roots in 1726:also rejected the notion of God. 1550:, and following such thinkers as 1471:there are no atheists in foxholes 1388: 1338:Reductionary accounts of religion 20272: 20255: 20238: 20221: 20204: 20187: 20170: 20153: 18892: 18883: 18882: 18696:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 17838:Democratic Republic of the Congo 13975: 13974: 13964: 12284: 11860:Freedom From Religion Foundation 10620:The New Encyclopedia of Unbelief 10538:At the Origins of Modern Atheism 10222:Jean-Paul Sartre: Basic Writings 9746:The New Encyclopedia of Unbelief 9464: 9405: 9344: 9293: 9243: 9192: 9130: 9093: 9042: 9015: 8989: 8944: 8792: 8762: 8700: 8602: 8572: 8542: 8520:"DN American Family Survey 2017" 8512: 8482: 8426: 8369: 8343: 8313: 8283: 8201: 8070:Smith, Tom W. (April 18, 2012). 8063: 8031: 8007:"Religion prevails in the world" 7987:from the original on May 6, 2015 7951:. August 6, 2012. Archived from 7822: 7792: 7710: 7683: 7652: 7580: 7547: 7519: 7486: 7456: 7432: 7386: 7352: 7329: 7317: 7271: 7202: 7156: 7117: 7105:from the original on May 8, 2021 7085: 7076: 7053: 7040: 6982: 6959: 6936: 6910: 6901: 6853: 6791: 6764: 6741: 6711: 6528: 6494: 6477: 6468: 6443: 6410: 6293: 6221: 6177: 6066: 6063:II 14, 2 (D. 171) = 59 B 113 DK. 6048: 5944: 5896: 5875: 5853: 5826: 5684: 5649: 4783:10.1111/j.1751-9020.2009.00247.x 4576:10.1111/j.1467-9744.2009.01014.x 3458:disbelieve in God but need not." 2897: 2757: 2636:global atheism may be in decline 2527:Freedom From Religion Foundation 2491:, a prominent atheist leader of 2347:as a new French state religion. 2331:. Attempts to enforce it led to 2329:Civil Constitution of the Clergy 1344:Evolutionary origin of religions 912:spectrum of theistic probability 565: 553: 542: 541: 17303:Evolutionary origin of religion 11260:. New York: William H Freeman. 11082:. New York: Arcade Publishing. 10725:Harris, Sam (October 2, 2007). 8321:"Place Summaries | New Zealand" 8295:Australian Bureau of Statistics 7875:. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 7380:A Short History of Christianity 6990:"Michel Onfray on Jean Meslier" 6736:A Literary History of the Arabs 6489:A History of Ancient Philosophy 6155:The Journal of Hellenic Studies 5833:Dasgupta, Surendranath (1992). 5630:The Gospel of Christian Atheism 5617: 5591: 5568: 5542: 5399: 5380: 5350:"Answering Atheist's Arguments" 5252: 5194: 5179:10.1590/S1516-44462006005000006 5132: 5105: 5093: 5081: 5059: 5047: 4999: 4981: 4954: 4922: 4904: 4888: 4723: 4708: 4678: 4675:. Grove Press, 1974. pp. 51–52. 4665: 4651: 4627: 4606: 4564:Journal of Religion and Science 4558:Knight, Christopher C. (2009). 4261: 4230: 4100: 4071: 4035: 4009: 3940: 3908:Smart, J.C.C. (March 9, 2004). 3886: 3874: 3811: 3721: 3687: 3649: 3637: 3605: 3504:Encyclopædia Britannica Concise 3355: 3321: 3084:"Logical Arguments for Atheism" 2945: 2811:Discrimination against atheists 2601: 2540: 2385: 133:Discrimination against atheists 17654:Separation of church and state 16334:Polytheistic reconstructionism 11850:Atheist Alliance International 11608:Separation of church and state 11530: 11118:. Cambridge University Press. 10637:Gaskin, J. C. A., ed. (1989). 10559:The Oxford Handbook of Atheism 10135:. Cambridge University Press. 9727:. William Blackwood and Sons. 9690:The Encyclopedia of Philosophy 8885:Geggel, Laura (June 5, 2017). 7873:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 7692:"The rise of the New Atheists" 7544:. Retrieved November 21, 2013. 7286:. Cambridge University Press. 7240:. Cambridge University Press. 4615:"The Buddhist Attitude to God" 4486:The Oxford Handbook of Atheism 4138:Merriam-Webster Online:Atheism 3283: 3224: 3110: 3024: 2768:Atheist Alliance International 2741: 2726:There are three countries and 2535:separation of church and state 2270:was a prominent figure in the 827:qualifies him as an atheist." 148:Separation of church and state 13: 1: 15367:Traditional Sabahan religions 12045:Negative and positive atheism 12035:Implicit and explicit atheism 11845:American Humanist Association 11480:Religion & Ethics—Atheism 11335:Zuckerman, Phil, ed. (2010). 10823:History of the Human Sciences 10325:Atheism: The Case Against God 10241:Ethics: Contemporary Readings 9795:. W.W. Norton & Company. 9715:. New York: Barnes and Noble. 9489:10.1080/13546783.2017.1387606 8995:Nigel Barber (May 18, 2010). 7050:(London, 1797), Vol. 1, p. 25 6918:"Online Etymology Dictionary" 6759:The New Encyclopedia of Islam 6553:Stein, Gordon (Ed.) (1980). " 6101:p. 17, 19 Stüve = 59 B 19 DK. 5691:Chakravarti, Sitansu (1991). 5450:Winston, Robert, ed. (2004). 4719:. Cambridge University Press. 4458:. The PhilPapers Foundation. 3415:Holland, Aaron (April 1882). 2977: 2788: 2092: 2059:became a punishable offense. 2048:Imperial cult of ancient Rome 2021: 1990: 1967: 1935: 1918: 1718:schools of Hindu philosophy, 859:Negative and positive atheism 717:Implicit and explicit atheism 694: 417:Atheism: The Case Against God 72:Negative and positive atheism 62:Implicit and explicit atheism 14020: 13905:Desacralization of knowledge 11794:Letter to a Christian Nation 11400:Resources in other libraries 11213:. Metaphysics Research Lab. 11209:. In Edward N. Zalta (ed.). 10264:Handbook of Leaving Religion 9816:Letter to a Christian Nation 9430:10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.102939 9260:Judgment and Decision-making 9167:10.1371/journal.pone.0153039 8938:10.1016/j.intell.2008.03.004 6376:Hickson, Michael W. (2014). 5796:; Settis, Salvatore (eds.). 5414:50 great myths about atheism 5306:Ethics for a Brave New World 4961:Lowder, Jeffery Jay (1997). 3983:. Chicago: Ares Publishers. 2982: 2511:was the plaintiff in a 1948 1737:) school that originated in 1617:regimes that espouse atheism 1100: 1015: 1001: 995: 961: 950: 927:Letter to a Christian Nation 7: 17512:National religiosity levels 16759:Nauruan Indigenous religion 16314:Hellenism (modern religion) 15545:Mohawk traditional religion 13317:Best of all possible worlds 13274:Eschatological verification 12831:Fine-tuning of the universe 11164:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 10890:. Oxford University Press. 10439:Zdybicka, Zofia J. (2005). 9613:. New York: Ulysses Press. 9587:. Oxford University Press. 9036:10.1037/0033-2909.111.1.156 9012:. Retrieved March 17, 2021. 7773:. 33 Book 2. Archived from 7542:International Humanist News 7497:. In Michael, S. M. (ed.). 7278:Overall, Christine (2006). 7232:Overall, Christine (2006). 7130:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 6965: 6560:September 30, 2007, at the 5509:Matthews, Carol S. (2009). 5246:10.1207/s15327582ijpr0202_5 4660:The Essence of Christianity 4396:. Oxford University Press. 2890: 2469:League of Militant Atheists 2106:attempting to refute them. 1330:(4th/5th century) outlined 1302:, and where divine love is 1185:and other forms of monism. 763:"at least one deity exists" 747:"at least one deity exists" 10: 20316: 16921: 12056:Theological noncognitivism 11655:Discrimination/Persecution 11158:Robinson, Richard (1964). 10905:Maritain, Jacques (1952). 10727:"The Problem with Atheism" 10689:. Harmondsworth: Penguin. 9899:February 24, 2015, at the 9743:, ed. (October 25, 2007). 9518: 9217:10.1007/s13164-022-00628-y 8660:"The rise of Arab atheism" 8261:"Religiously Unaffiliated" 7926:December 13, 2021, at the 7532:December 11, 2013, at the 7398:"Religion Under Communism" 7218:. London: Watts. pp. 7124:Ray, Matthew Alun (2003). 6761:, p. 278. Rowman Altamira. 6753:February 14, 2012, at the 6601:Ferguson, Everett (1993). 6462:September 2, 2023, at the 6304:. Routledge. p. 112. 5974:Winiarczyk, Marek (2016). 4847:. NYU Press. p. 100. 4516:The Philosophers' Magazine 3980:Atheism in Pagan Antiquity 3235:Parsons, Keith M. (1989). 3008:10.1017/CCOL0521842700.004 2843: 2808: 2605: 2544: 1848:was sentenced to death in 1695: 1684: 1680: 1630: 1515: 1392: 1341: 1221: 1130:Theological noncognitivism 1007: 987: 979: 967: 856: 714: 264:Theological noncognitivism 29: 19892:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance 19872: 19790: 19627: 19462: 19333:Standard Average European 19201: 19030: 18950: 18878: 18797: 18714: 18586: 18331: 18056: 17773: 17769: 17758: 17667: 17592: 17368: 17276: 17213: 16931: 16927: 16916: 16501: 16488: 16413: 16236: 16218:Transcendental Meditation 16111: 16098: 16063: 15811: 15788: 15777: 15704: 15667: 15446: 15342: 15324: 15268: 15259: 15176: 15104: 14955: 14946: 14904: 14876: 14834: 14767: 14758: 14749: 14715: 14682: 14654: 14645: 14595: 14462: 14149: 14063: 14054: 14045: 14041: 14028: 13960: 13892: 13796: 13681: 13601: 13536: 13458: 13365: 13350: 13302: 13264: 12976: 12901: 12776: 12767: 12697: 12634: 12625: 12556: 12336: 12282: 11956: 11892: 11831: 11741: 11715: 11682: 11616: 11538: 11433:"Atheism and Agnosticism" 11395:Resources in your library 11049:"The Atheism of Epicurus" 10281:10.1163/9789004331471_021 10177:. In Edward Craig (ed.). 9272:10.1017/S1930297500007701 8770:"10 facts about atheists" 8693:February 8, 2016, at the 8037: 7850:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 6670:October 30, 2015, at the 6198:10.1163/15685289760518153 5670:10.1017/S0031819100009578 4657:Feuerbach, Ludwig (1841) 4272:Language, Truth and Logic 3977:Drachmann, A.B. (1977) . 3910:"Atheism and Agnosticism" 3661:"Atheism and Agnosticism" 3295:"Atheism and Agnosticism" 3233:, pp. 17–18, citing 3201:, p. 35: "The terms 2846:Religiosity and education 2693: 2465:numerous legislative acts 2345:Cult of the Supreme Being 2216:Criticism of Christianity 1921:5th century BCE, fr. 286 1712:historical Vedic religion 1475:normative ethical systems 1106:Epistemological arguments 631:at least one deity exists 20032:Lancaster House Treaties 19522:Christian existentialism 19482:Ancient Roman philosophy 19472:Ancient Greek philosophy 17823:Central African Republic 14914:Vietnamese folk religion 14305:Charismatic Christianity 13546:Friedrich Schleiermacher 13132:Theories about religions 12934:Inconsistent revelations 11904:Disestablishmentarianism 11880:Recovering from Religion 11808:Why I Am Not a Christian 11354:Zuckerman, Phil (2010). 11328:Whitmarsh, Tim. (2015), 11190:Rosenberg, Alex (2011). 11029:. New York: Prometheus. 11010:. New York: Prometheus. 10975:August 30, 2023, at the 10949:The Improbability of God 10930:The Impossibility of God 10850:Le Poidevin, R. (1996). 10835:10.1177/0952695112441301 10806:. New York: Prometheus. 10704:Harbour, Daniel (2003). 10183:. Taylor & Francis. 9477:Thinking & Reasoning 9318:10.1177/1948550621994001 9068:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02191 8953:"8 facts about atheists" 8817:10.1177/1948550615584200 7587:Jurinski, James (2004). 7400:. In Smith, S.A. (ed.). 6248:Garland, Robert (2008). 6170:1 (43) F 19 = B 25 DK). 6116:Cicero, Marcus Tullius: 6095:Olympiodorus the Younger 5918:Philosophy East and West 5017:Brother Ivan Fyodorovich 4762:Zuckerman, Phil (2009). 4633:Vasubandhu wrote in his 4519:. 1st Quarter (72): 45. 4452:"The PhilPapers Surveys" 4345:Stubenberg, Stubenberg. 4258:. Retrieved 2007-APR-07. 4212:Martin, Michael (1992). 2938: 2805:Attitudes toward atheism 2716:religiously unaffiliated 2643:Win-Gallup International 2244:, atheist and editor of 1590:religious fundamentalism 1459:argued this view in his 1113:, based on the ideas of 904:philosophical skepticism 32:Atheist (disambiguation) 19810:Equality before the law 19017:Romano-Germanic culture 17717:New religious movements 17355:Theories about religion 17308:Evolutionary psychology 16359:Modern Finnish paganism 14381:Independent Catholicism 11948: 11899:Countries by irreligion 11875:Rational Response Squad 11865:Humanists International 11766:The Demon-Haunted World 11318:. New York: Continuum. 11314:Walters, Kerry (2010). 11292:Thrower, James (1971). 11285:April 24, 2022, at the 11076:Onfray, Michel (2007). 11027:Naturalism and Religion 10984:Some Dogmas of Religion 10641:. New York: Macmillan. 10618:Tom Flynn, ed. (2007). 10132:Atheism and Agnosticism 10106:Encyclopædia Britannica 9055:Frontiers in Psychology 8874:(subscription required) 8726:10.1038/s41562-017-0151 8438:April 10, 2019, at the 8245:reach the 1% threshold. 7665:Wisconsin State Journal 7661:"The Atheists' Calling" 7633:Wisconsin State Journal 7346:April 24, 2022, at the 6953:March 30, 2012, at the 6771:Al-Zandaqa Wal Zanadiqa 6454:Moralia—Isis and Osiris 5798:The Classical Tradition 5784:Mulsow, Martin (2010). 5694:Hinduism, a way of life 5071:Beyond Belief Session 6 5042:Critique of Pure Reason 4427:. Stanford University. 4353:. Stanford University. 4322:. Stanford University. 4092:. pp. Ep. Ded. 3. 3682:in the existence of God 3586:Encyclopædia Britannica 3545:Encyclopædia Britannica 3316:in the existence of God 3272:Encyclopædia Britannica 3193:Agnosticism and Atheism 3088:The Secular Web Library 2721: 2630:Encyclopædia Britannica 2608:Demographics of atheism 2434:Analytical philosophers 2169:Bonaventure des Périers 1093:. In the 20th century, 678:argument from nonbelief 219:Inconsistent revelation 213:Incompatible properties 128:Demographics of atheism 19972:Eastern European Group 19561:Continental philosophy 19492:Judeo-Christian ethics 19477:Hellenistic philosophy 18958:Cradle of civilization 18366:Bosnia and Herzegovina 16374:Erzyan native religion 16223:Unitarian Universalism 15629:Native American Church 14425:Oneness Pentecostalism 13410:Gaunilo of Marmoutiers 12550:Philosophy of religion 12210:Naturalistic pantheism 11337:Atheism and secularity 11205:Russell, Paul (2013). 11007:Philosophy and Atheism 10798:Krueger, D.E. (1998). 10783:. Metropolitan Books. 10749:Howson, Colin (2011). 10687:Seven Types of Atheism 10662:The Objective Standard 10577:Duran, Martin (2019). 10535:Buckley, M.J. (1990). 10528:June 11, 2024, at the 10478:Berman, David (1990). 10384:(September 22, 2009). 9813:(September 19, 2006). 9641:The Atheistic Platform 9024:Psychological Bulletin 9002:June 11, 2024, at the 8714:Nature Human Behaviour 8494:www.christiantoday.com 7903:June 23, 2017, at the 7527:Atheism in South India 7493:Michael, S.M. (1999). 7383:; Viking; 2011; p. 494 7280:"Feminism and Atheism" 7234:"Feminism and Atheism" 6693:Duran, Martin (2019). 6539:Outlines of Pyrrhonism 6081:II, 265 = 59 A 19 DK; 5575:Levin, S. (May 1995). 5552:. BBC. July 20, 2006. 5264:"An Atheist Manifesto" 5012:The Brothers Karamazov 4673:What the Buddha Taught 4246:July 23, 2013, at the 4114:. London. p. 63. 4097:Translated from Latin. 3730:"Where's The Evidence" 3364:"Where's The Evidence" 3213:both before the Greek 2855: 2820: 2770: 2748:2021 Australian Census 2703: 2620: 2567: 2397: 2251: 2117: 1975:scientific determinism 1928: 1811: 1692:Early Indian religions 1531: 1408: 1352:Psychology of religion 1162: 1074: 1051: 1028: 948: 890: 778: 765:is a false statement. 749:is a false statement. 20092:Three Seas Initiative 20067:Pacific Islands Forum 19932:British–Irish Council 19680:Greek Orthodox Church 19139:Industrial Revolution 19109:Scientific Revolution 18686:Saint Kitts and Nevis 17983:São Tomé and Príncipe 17843:Republic of the Congo 16071:Aboriginal Australian 14777:Chinese folk religion 13945:Faith and rationality 13900:Criticism of religion 13838:Robert Merrihew Adams 13828:Nicholas Wolterstorff 13031:Divine command theory 11815:Why I Am Not a Muslim 11665:Negative and positive 11660:Implicit and explicit 11558:Criticism of religion 11496:"Why I am an Atheist" 11300:. London: Pemberton. 11278:(Princeton UP, 2018) 11234:. London: SCM Press. 11230:Sharpe, R.A. (1997). 11025:Nielsen, Kai (2001). 10970:"Why I am an Atheist" 10856:. London: Routledge. 10710:. London: Duckworth. 10484:. London: Routledge. 10212:. Simon and Schuster. 10141:10.1017/9781108555340 9907:Hitchens, Christopher 8496:. November 17, 2017. 8461:General Social Survey 8389:on November 21, 2008. 8267:. December 18, 2012. 8217:Special Eurobarometer 8163:on December 15, 2010. 7339:(Princeton UP, 2018) 6869:Bryson, M.E. (2016). 6587:Catholic Encyclopedia 6491:. SUNY Press. (1985). 6487:, 121. in Reale, G., 6089:10 p. 169 F – 170 A; 5637:on September 29, 2006 5601:. BBC. May 17, 2006. 5392:May 25, 2013, at the 4963:"Atheism and Society" 4820:. September 2, 2010. 4732:Religion and Politics 4730:Bruce, Steve (2003). 4511:"Theistic naturalism" 4509:Ellis, Fiona (2016). 4394:Oxford Bibliographies 4289:Oppy, Graham (2019). 4155:First Known Use: 1546 2853: 2844:Further information: 2818: 2765: 2701: 2615: 2554: 2517:Madalyn Murray O'Hair 2489:Periyar E.V. Ramasamy 2393: 2337:Thermidorian Reaction 2283:Christianity Unveiled 2260:Jacques-André Naigeon 2240: 2228:Kazimierz Łyszczyński 2210:Short Treatise on God 2112: 1897: 1796: 1637:Nontheistic religions 1631:Further information: 1525: 1518:Criticism of religion 1512:Criticism of religion 1480:According to Plato's 1445:criticisms of atheism 1406: 1342:Further information: 1222:Further information: 1152: 1145:Ontological arguments 1069:was derived from the 936: 886: 863:Philosophers such as 853:Positive vs. negative 724: 711:Implicit vs. explicit 191:Fate of the unlearned 169:Arguments for atheism 123:Criticism of religion 20087:Special Relationship 19497:Christian philosophy 19442:Western Christianity 19104:Age of Enlightenment 18978:Hellenistic Kingdoms 18308:United Arab Emirates 17099:Religious experience 16495:Historical religions 14934:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương 14266:Schwenkfelder Church 13935:Religious philosophy 13415:Pico della Mirandola 13380:Anselm of Canterbury 13312:Augustinian theodicy 13224:Religious skepticism 12557:Concepts in religion 12476:Religious naturalism 12217:Philosophical theism 11801:The System of Nature 11568:Organized secularism 10764:Inglehart, Ronald F. 10603:. Prometheus Books. 10274:. pp. 242–252. 9749:. Prometheus Books. 8059:on October 16, 2012. 8019:on November 14, 2017 7452:on December 9, 2013. 7021:The System of Nature 6821:Schultz, T. (2016). 6639:10.1093/past/27.1.23 6426:Eusebius of Caesarea 6328:. Cambridge, 329-48. 6282:Atheism in Antiquity 6230:Atheism in Antiquity 5739:India, that is, sidd 5625:Altizer, Thomas J.J. 5550:"Humanistic Judaism" 5069:(November 6, 2006). 2641:According to global 2580:Christopher Hitchens 2277:The System of Nature 2272:French Enlightenment 2126:Medieval Inquisition 2006:Theodorus Cyrenaicus 1854:Eleusinian Mysteries 1633:Atheism and religion 1536:Christopher Hitchens 1530:criticizes religion. 1467:deathbed conversions 1161:is all-encompassing. 1121:rational practice." 639:Age of Enlightenment 617:in the existence of 517:Criticism of atheism 508:Atheism and religion 459:The System of Nature 344:Christopher Hitchens 20112:West Nordic Council 19977:Eastern Partnership 19566:Analytic philosophy 19267:Classical tradition 19089:Early modern period 19045:Classical antiquity 19040:European Bronze Age 18701:Trinidad and Tobago 18596:Antigua and Barbuda 17764:Religion by country 16825:Cult of Magna Mater 15404:Philippine Dayawism 14985:Nimbarka Sampradaya 14733:Chinese Manichaeism 14405:Jehovah's Witnesses 14210:Proto-Protestantism 13920:History of religion 13621:Friedrich Nietzsche 13498:Gottfried W Leibniz 13493:Nicolas Malebranche 13425:King James VI and I 12705:Abrahamic religions 12200:Classical pantheism 11822:Why I Am an Atheist 11486:Secular Web library 11274:Smolkin, Victoria. 11161:An Atheist's Values 10908:The Range of Reason 10731:The Washington Post 10685:Gray, John (2018). 10668:(3). Archived from 10517:and others. (1884) 10404:on October 11, 2012 9565:. London: Vintage. 9199:Byrd, Nick (2022). 9158:2016PLoSO..1153039P 8957:Pew Research Center 8774:Pew Research Center 8554:Pew Research Center 8408:World Values Survey 8235:on December 2, 2012 8226:European Commission 7938:, February 20, 2013 7780:on December 7, 2013 6996:on January 12, 2012 6738:, p. 318. Routledge 6541:Book III, Chapter 3 6043:Philosophie antique 5599:"Christian Atheism" 4936:The Washington Post 4690:"God and the State" 4621:on January 2, 2008. 4525:10.5840/tpm20167224 4291:Atheism: The Basics 4256:Secular Web Library 4237:Drange, Theodore M. 4173:de Mornay, Philippe 3776:concepts of atheism 3506:. Merriam Webster. 3162:Secular Web Library 3154:Drange, Theodore M. 2864:Pew Research Center 2830:feeling thermometer 2825:Pew Research Center 2783:Pew Research Center 2775:World Values Survey 2712:Pew Research Center 2578:, Richard Dawkins, 2531:Annie Laurie Gaylor 2368:Friedrich Nietzsche 2264:French materialists 2183:Early modern period 2173:Michel de Montaigne 2165:Niccolò Machiavelli 2083:(fl. 9th century), 2046:in general and the 2010:Strato of Lampsacus 1789:Classical antiquity 1708:classical antiquity 1698:Atheism in Hinduism 1575:opium of the people 1556:Robert G. Ingersoll 1324:Buddhist philosophy 1242:deductive arguments 1212:theistic naturalism 374:Friedrich Nietzsche 234:Omnipotence paradox 42:Part of a series on 19571:Post-structuralism 19534:Christian humanism 19164:Universal suffrage 18636:Dominican Republic 17682:Abrahamic prophets 16798:Proto-Indo-Iranian 15377:Aliran Kepercayaan 14580:Non-denominational 14502:Modernist Salafism 14188:Oriental Orthodoxy 13930:Religious language 13910:Ethics in religion 13868:William Lane Craig 13743:Charles Hartshorne 13483:Desiderius Erasmus 13385:Augustine of Hippo 13327:Inconsistent triad 13289:Apophatic theology 13284:Logical positivism 13266:Religious language 12886:Watchmaker analogy 12851:Necessary existent 12627:Conceptions of God 12587:Intelligent design 12151:Ethical monotheism 11983:Conceptions of God 11855:Center for Inquiry 11759:Breaking the Spell 11583:Secular liberalism 11207:"Hume on Religion" 11147:Religious Humanism 11115:Arguing about Gods 10601:God and Philosophy 10511:Bradlaugh, Charles 10382:Stenger, Victor J. 10360:Stenger, Victor J. 9637:Bradlaugh, Charles 9531:"Abu Bakr al-Razi" 9369:10.1037/rel0000446 8865:Skeptical Inquirer 7983:. April 13, 2015. 7955:on August 25, 2012 7771:Vermont Law Review 7762:Garfield, Alan E. 7561:The New York Times 7335:Victoria Smolkin, 7268:, pp. 233–246 7093:"Natural Theology" 6872:The Atheist Milton 6420:writings (e.g. by 4928:See, for example: 3769:. Sheridan House. 3002:. pp. 47–66. 2933:Outline of atheism 2872:social democracies 2856: 2821: 2771: 2704: 2621: 2568: 2406:logical positivism 2398: 2252: 2118: 2081:Muhammad al Warraq 1960:Hellenistic period 1939: 470–399 BCE 1812: 1687:History of atheism 1663:Christian atheists 1659:humanistic Judaism 1594:extrinsic religion 1532: 1409: 1384:Atheism and ethics 1360:and psychoanalyst 1306:from many people. 1163: 1139:Theodore M. Drange 891: 876:negative atheism. 795:conceptions of God 779: 643:freedom of thought 424:Breaking the Spell 359:Michael Lou Martin 185:Evil God challenge 90:History of atheism 20135: 20134: 19962:Council of Europe 19864:International law 19817:Constitutionalism 19675:Eastern Orthodoxy 19181:Post–Cold War era 19114:Age of Revolution 18968:Greco-Roman world 18906: 18905: 18874: 18873: 18870: 18869: 17858:Equatorial Guinea 17754: 17753: 17750: 17749: 17293:Cognitive science 16912: 16911: 16845:Mysteries of Isis 16641:Frankish paganism 16484: 16483: 16480: 16479: 16476: 16475: 16228:White Brotherhood 16094: 16093: 16059: 16058: 15438:Sundanese Wiwitan 15255: 15254: 15251: 15250: 14980:Brahma Sampradaya 14942: 14941: 14745: 14744: 14741: 14740: 14723:Assianism/Uatsdin 14641: 14640: 14410:British Israelism 14396:Nontrinitarianism 14359:Plymouth Brethren 14354:Nondenominational 14288:Congregationalism 14176:Eastern Orthodoxy 14124:Reconstructionist 13988: 13987: 13888: 13887: 13848:Peter van Inwagen 13833:Richard Swinburne 13778:George I Mavrodes 13638:Vladimir Solovyov 13578:Søren Kierkegaard 13503:William Wollaston 13450:William of Ockham 13430:Marcion of Sinope 13332:Irenaean theodicy 13322:Euthyphro dilemma 13249:Transcendentalism 13078:Womanist theology 13068:Feminist theology 12972: 12971: 12763: 12762: 12649:Divine simplicity 12569:Euthyphro dilemma 12516: 12515: 12391:Feminist theology 12296: 12295: 12254:Theistic finitism 12180:Nontrinitarianism 12030:Christian atheism 11916: 11915: 11840:American Atheists 11752:The Age of Reason 11381:Library resources 11365:978-0-8147-9723-5 11346:978-0-313-35183-9 11324:978-0-8264-2493-8 11307:978-0-301-71101-0 11267:978-0-7167-3561-8 11241:978-0-334-02680-8 11200:978-0-393-08023-0 11178:on April 25, 2011 11171:978-0-19-824191-1 11125:978-0-521-86386-5 11089:978-1-55970-820-3 11079:Atheist Manifesto 11036:978-1-57392-853-3 11017:978-0-87975-289-7 10993:978-0-548-14955-3 10958:978-1-59102-381-4 10939:978-1-59102-120-9 10897:978-0-19-824682-4 10863:978-0-415-09338-5 10813:978-1-57392-214-2 10790:978-0-8050-7442-0 10759:978-0-521-18665-0 10717:978-0-7156-3229-1 10696:978-0-241-19941-1 10672:on April 28, 2011 10648:978-0-02-340681-2 10629:978-1-59102-391-3 10610:978-1-59102-330-2 10588:978-1-08-061240-6 10569:978-0-19-964465-0 10548:978-0-300-04897-1 10491:978-0-415-04727-2 10431:978-90-04-11374-9 10424:. Leiden: Brill. 10397:978-1-59102-751-5 10373:978-1-59102-652-5 10335:978-0-87975-124-1 10291:978-90-04-33092-4 10250:978-0-415-25680-3 10231:978-0-415-21367-7 10218:Sartre, Jean-Paul 10206:Russell, Bertrand 10190:978-0-415-07310-3 10150:978-1-108-55534-0 10068:978-0-521-84270-9 10029:978-0-87722-642-0 9991:Los Angeles Times 9922:978-0-7710-4143-3 9826:978-0-307-27877-7 9756:978-1-59102-391-3 9700:978-0-02-865780-6 9664:978-0-593-05548-9 9620:978-1-56975-677-5 9594:978-0-19-280424-2 9572:978-0-09-927367-7 9418:Acta Psychologica 9138:Pennycook, Gordon 8893:. Future US Inc. 8662:. June 29, 2015. 8189:on April 30, 2011 8116:978-0-521-60367-6 7806:. April 2, 2015. 7600:978-0-7591-0601-7 7590:Religion on Trial 7512:978-1-55587-697-5 7470:. April 8, 1966. 7413:978-0-19-960205-6 7293:978-1-139-82739-3 7247:978-1-139-82739-3 7183:978-0-19-955364-8 7137:978-0-7546-3456-0 7016:d'Holbach, P.H.T. 6882:978-1-317-04095-8 6834:978-1-4575-4765-2 6704:978-1-08-061240-6 6612:978-0-8028-0669-7 6514:978-3-11-018973-5 6391:978-1-118-60797-8 6311:978-0-415-15681-3 6259:978-1-4549-0908-8 6140:. hyp. 3.218 cf. 6091:Diogenes Laërtius 6028:978-0-674-36281-9 5987:978-3-11-044765-1 5867:. April 3, 2019. 5846:978-81-208-0412-8 5807:978-0-674-03572-0 5749:978-81-7023-561-3 5704:978-81-208-0899-7 5528:978-0-7910-8096-2 5491:978-0-87808-364-0 5461:978-0-7566-1901-5 5424:978-0-470-67404-8 5320:978-1-58134-712-8 5301:Feinberg, Paul D. 5297:Feinberg, John S. 5200:See for example: 4771:Sociology Compass 4612:V.A. Gunasekara, 4419:Papineau, David. 4388:Witmer, D. Gene. 4314:Stoljar, Daniel. 4252:Internet Infidels 3990:978-0-89005-201-3 3864:978-0-8264-8971-5 3728:Michael Anthony. 3694:McCormick, Matt. 3613:d'Holbach, P.H.T. 3362:Michael Anthony. 3328:McCormick, Matt. 3246:978-0-87975-551-5 3166:Internet Infidels 3092:Internet Infidels 3044:978-1-84631-187-1 3017:978-0-521-84270-9 2928:Lists of atheists 2905:Philosophy portal 2773:According to the 2746:According to the 2584:Victor J. Stenger 2522:Murray v. Curlett 2495:, fought against 2325:French Revolution 2177:François Rabelais 2157:Leonardo da Vinci 2130:William of Ockham 2069:Early Middle Ages 1846:Diagoras of Melos 1771:Classical Samkhya 1755:Indian philosophy 1613:terrorist attacks 1482:Euthyphro dilemma 1232:Divine hiddenness 1218:Logical arguments 1049:(from the French 731:implicit/explicit 608: 607: 573: 561: 559:Philosophy portal 549: 537: 524: 523: 401: 400: 394:Victor J. Stenger 285:Lists of atheists 16:(Redirected from 20307: 20285: 20277: 20276: 20275: 20268: 20267:from Wikiversity 20260: 20259: 20258: 20251: 20243: 20242: 20241: 20234: 20226: 20225: 20224: 20217: 20209: 20208: 20207: 20200: 20192: 20191: 20190: 20183: 20175: 20174: 20173: 20166: 20158: 20157: 20156: 20146: 20007:EU Customs Union 19539:Secular humanism 19487:Christian ethics 19437:East–West Schism 19420:Physical culture 19144:Great Divergence 19094:Age of Discovery 18933: 18926: 18919: 18910: 18909: 18896: 18886: 18885: 18764:Papua New Guinea 18739:Marshall Islands 18566:Northern Ireland 17771: 17770: 17760: 17759: 17644:Secular theology 17639:Secular humanism 16929: 16928: 16918: 16917: 16490: 16489: 16109: 16108: 15786: 15785: 15266: 15265: 15022:Shaiva Siddhanta 14953: 14952: 14886:Korean shamanism 14765: 14764: 14756: 14755: 14652: 14651: 14565:Mahdawi movement 14435:Swedenborgianism 14415:Christadelphians 14061: 14060: 14052: 14051: 14043: 14042: 14030: 14029: 14015: 14008: 14001: 13992: 13991: 13978: 13977: 13968: 13873:Ali Akbar Rashad 13736:Reinhold Niebuhr 13696:Bertrand Russell 13691:George Santayana 13588:Albrecht Ritschl 13573:Ludwig Feuerbach 13363: 13362: 13359:(by date active) 13219:Process theology 12964:Russell's teapot 12774: 12773: 12769:Existence of God 12679:Process theology 12632: 12631: 12617:Theological veto 12580:religious belief 12543: 12536: 12529: 12520: 12519: 12471:Process theology 12323: 12316: 12309: 12300: 12299: 12288: 12239:Skeptical theism 12079:Ceremonial deism 12069:Classical theism 12057: 12025:Agnostic atheism 11943: 11936: 11929: 11920: 11919: 11787:God Is Not Great 11780:The God Delusion 11773:The End of Faith 11702:Agnostic atheism 11670:Existence of God 11578:Secular humanism 11553:Anti-clericalism 11525: 11518: 11511: 11502: 11501: 11460:The New Atheists 11456: 11442: 11429:Zalta, Edward N. 11369: 11350: 11311: 11299: 11271: 11259: 11250:Shermer, Michael 11245: 11226: 11224: 11222: 11187: 11185: 11183: 11174:. Archived from 11154: 11141: 11139: 11137: 11105: 11103: 11101: 11072: 11070: 11068: 11040: 11021: 10997: 10962: 10943: 10924: 10922: 10920: 10915:on April 7, 2013 10901: 10879: 10877: 10875: 10846: 10817: 10805: 10794: 10751:Objecting to God 10746: 10744: 10742: 10733:. Archived from 10721: 10700: 10681: 10679: 10677: 10652: 10633: 10614: 10592: 10573: 10552: 10507: 10505: 10503: 10465: 10463: 10461: 10445: 10435: 10413: 10411: 10409: 10400:. Archived from 10377: 10355: 10320:Smith, George H. 10315: 10313: 10311: 10283: 10272:Brill Publishers 10254: 10235: 10213: 10201: 10199: 10197: 10171:Rowe, William L. 10166: 10164: 10162: 10122: 10120: 10118: 10092: 10090: 10088: 10048: 10046: 10044: 10021: 10007: 10005: 10003: 9980: 9978: 9963: 9953: 9938: 9936: 9934: 9915:. Random House. 9892: 9890: 9888: 9850: 9848: 9846: 9806: 9794: 9780: 9778: 9776: 9736: 9716: 9704: 9680: 9678: 9676: 9657:. Bantam Press. 9654:The God Delusion 9649:Dawkins, Richard 9644: 9632: 9612: 9598: 9576: 9563:A History of God 9559:Armstrong, Karen 9554: 9552: 9550: 9535:Zalta, Edward N. 9513: 9512: 9510: 9508: 9468: 9462: 9461: 9459: 9457: 9409: 9403: 9402: 9400: 9398: 9380: 9348: 9342: 9341: 9339: 9337: 9312:(7): 1369–1379. 9297: 9291: 9290: 9288: 9286: 9280: 9257: 9247: 9241: 9240: 9238: 9236: 9196: 9190: 9189: 9179: 9169: 9134: 9128: 9127: 9125: 9123: 9117: 9106: 9097: 9091: 9090: 9080: 9070: 9046: 9040: 9039: 9019: 9013: 9009:Psychology Today 8993: 8987: 8986: 8980: 8972: 8970: 8968: 8948: 8942: 8941: 8916: 8907: 8906: 8904: 8902: 8882: 8876: 8875: 8872: 8860: 8849: 8848: 8846: 8844: 8796: 8790: 8789: 8787: 8785: 8776:. June 1, 2016. 8766: 8760: 8759: 8757: 8755: 8737: 8704: 8698: 8685: 8676: 8675: 8673: 8671: 8656: 8645: 8644: 8638: 8630: 8628: 8626: 8606: 8600: 8599: 8597: 8595: 8576: 8570: 8569: 8567: 8565: 8546: 8540: 8539: 8537: 8535: 8516: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8486: 8480: 8479: 8477: 8475: 8469: 8458: 8449: 8443: 8430: 8424: 8423: 8421: 8419: 8400: 8391: 8390: 8388: 8382:. Archived from 8381: 8373: 8367: 8366: 8364: 8362: 8347: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8336: 8317: 8311: 8310: 8308: 8306: 8287: 8281: 8280: 8278: 8276: 8257: 8246: 8243: 8242: 8240: 8234: 8213: 8205: 8199: 8198: 8196: 8194: 8188: 8181: 8171: 8165: 8164: 8162: 8155: 8147: 8141: 8140: 8138: 8136: 8100: 8094: 8093: 8091: 8089: 8083: 8076: 8067: 8061: 8060: 8058: 8052:. Archived from 8043: 8035: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8024: 8018: 8011: 8003: 7997: 7996: 7994: 7992: 7971: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7945: 7939: 7918: 7912: 7895: 7889: 7888: 7886: 7884: 7865: 7856: 7855: 7849: 7841: 7839: 7837: 7826: 7820: 7819: 7817: 7815: 7796: 7790: 7789: 7787: 7785: 7779: 7768: 7759: 7753: 7747: 7741: 7740: 7738: 7736: 7714: 7708: 7707: 7705: 7703: 7687: 7681: 7680: 7678: 7676: 7656: 7650: 7649: 7647: 7645: 7623: 7617: 7616: 7614: 7612: 7584: 7578: 7577: 7575: 7573: 7551: 7545: 7523: 7517: 7516: 7490: 7484: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7464:"'Is God Dead?'" 7460: 7454: 7453: 7436: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7425: 7390: 7384: 7375:Geoffrey Blainey 7372: 7366: 7356: 7350: 7333: 7327: 7321: 7315: 7309: 7307: 7305: 7275: 7269: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7229: 7223: 7222: 7206: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7195: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7151: 7149: 7121: 7115: 7114: 7112: 7110: 7089: 7083: 7080: 7074: 7073: 7071: 7069: 7057: 7051: 7044: 7038: 7037: 7035: 7033: 7012: 7006: 7005: 7003: 7001: 6986: 6980: 6979: 6977: 6975: 6963: 6957: 6940: 6934: 6933: 6931: 6929: 6914: 6908: 6905: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6894: 6866: 6860: 6857: 6851: 6850: 6848: 6846: 6818: 6812: 6811: 6795: 6789: 6783: 6774: 6768: 6762: 6745: 6739: 6732: 6726: 6715: 6709: 6708: 6690: 6684: 6660: 6651: 6650: 6631:Past and Present 6626: 6617: 6616: 6598: 6592: 6591: 6583: 6575: 6569: 6551: 6542: 6535:Sextus Empiricus 6532: 6526: 6525: 6523: 6521: 6498: 6492: 6481: 6475: 6472: 6466: 6447: 6441: 6414: 6408: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6373: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6342: 6329: 6322: 6316: 6315: 6297: 6291: 6290:, pp. 14–19 6285: 6277: 6264: 6263: 6245: 6239: 6238:, pp. 12–13 6233: 6225: 6219: 6216: 6210: 6209: 6181: 6175: 6164: 6158: 6151: 6145: 6134: 6128: 6118:De natura deorum 6111: 6102: 6073:Flavius Josephus 6070: 6064: 6060:Against Heresies 6052: 6046: 6039: 6033: 6032: 6011: 5992: 5991: 5971: 5954: 5948: 5942: 5941: 5924:(3/4): 189–206. 5913: 5907: 5900: 5894: 5879: 5873: 5872: 5857: 5851: 5850: 5830: 5824: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5790:Grafton, Anthony 5781: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5736:Pandian (1996). 5733: 5724: 5723: 5718: 5716: 5688: 5682: 5681: 5653: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5595: 5589: 5588: 5577:"Jewish Atheism" 5572: 5566: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5546: 5540: 5539: 5516: 5506: 5500: 5499: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5447: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5403: 5397: 5384: 5378: 5372: 5366: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5342: 5336: 5335: 5329: 5327: 5293: 5287: 5286: 5281: 5279: 5270:. Archived from 5256: 5250: 5249: 5227: 5198: 5192: 5191: 5181: 5157: 5151: 5145: 5139: 5136: 5130: 5109: 5103: 5097: 5091: 5085: 5079: 5078: 5063: 5057: 5051: 5045: 5034: 5028: 5026: 5022: 5003: 4997: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4958: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4926: 4920: 4908: 4902: 4899:moral bankruptcy 4892: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4865: 4859: 4858: 4840: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4791: 4785:. Archived from 4768: 4759: 4750: 4749: 4743: 4735: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4712: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4686:Bakunin, Michael 4682: 4676: 4671:Walpola Rahula, 4669: 4663: 4655: 4649: 4631: 4625: 4622: 4617:. Archived from 4610: 4604: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4506: 4500: 4499: 4481: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4447: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4385: 4379: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4347:"Neutral Monism" 4342: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4311: 4305: 4304: 4286: 4275: 4265: 4259: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4188: 4187: 4164: 4158: 4157: 4152: 4150: 4133: 4127: 4126: 4108:Hanmer, Meredith 4104: 4098: 4096: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4039: 4033: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4013: 4007: 4006: 3974: 3968: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3944: 3938: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3905: 3896: 3890: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3871: 3847: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3827:. May 28, 2013. 3815: 3809: 3803: 3797: 3791: 3785: 3782:Critiques of God 3778: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3747: 3745: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3713: 3711: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3678: 3676: 3653: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3609: 3603: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3554: 3553: 3541: 3530: 3524: 3523: 3517: 3515: 3496: 3490: 3484: 3478: 3468: 3459: 3445: 3436: 3422: 3412: 3406: 3396: 3387: 3386: 3381: 3379: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3347: 3345: 3325: 3319: 3318: 3312: 3310: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3268: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3228: 3222: 3196: 3188: 3182: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3150: 3141: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3130: 3123: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3080: 3069: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3028: 3022: 3021: 2995: 2971: 2949: 2923:Brights movement 2907: 2902: 2901: 2900: 2426:Bertrand Russell 2395:Bertrand Russell 2360:Ludwig Feuerbach 2323:One goal of the 2288:Joseph Priestley 2280:(1770) but also 2224:Matthias Knutzen 2189:Geoffrey Blainey 2146:faith and reason 2097: 2094: 2089:Abu Bakr al-Razi 2036:Early Christians 2029:suspend judgment 2026: 2023: 2018:Sextus Empiricus 1995: 1992: 1972: 1969: 1940: 1937: 1926: 1920: 1862:Sextus Empiricus 1819:Greek philosophy 1714:. Among the six 1582:authoritarianism 1552:Bertrand Russell 1449:moral relativism 1399:Secular morality 1370:Friedrich Engels 1358:Ludwig Feuerbach 1079: 1056: 1036:early Christians 1033: 1018: 1012: 1011: 1004: 998: 992: 991: 984: 983: 972: 971: 964: 959:, the adjective 878:Agnostic atheism 835:explicit atheism 831:Implicit atheism 772: 756: 740: 600: 593: 586: 569: 568: 564: 557: 552: 545: 544: 540: 533: 499:Secular humanism 476: 475: 452:God Is Not Great 445:The God Delusion 438:The End of Faith 384:Bertrand Russell 329:Ludwig Feuerbach 281: 280: 259:Russell's teapot 214: 207:Hitchens's razor 192: 118:Atheist feminism 39: 38: 21: 20315: 20314: 20310: 20309: 20308: 20306: 20305: 20304: 20290: 20289: 20288: 20278: 20273: 20271: 20261: 20256: 20254: 20244: 20239: 20237: 20233:from Wikisource 20227: 20222: 20220: 20210: 20205: 20203: 20193: 20188: 20186: 20176: 20171: 20169: 20165:from Wiktionary 20159: 20154: 20152: 20149: 20145:sister projects 20142:at Knowledge's 20136: 20131: 20097:UKUSA Agreement 20037:Lublin Triangle 19922:Baltic Assembly 19874: 19868: 19786: 19623: 19458: 19328:Eurolinguistics 19197: 19186:Information age 19159:Interwar period 19026: 18946: 18937: 18907: 18902: 18866: 18793: 18774:Solomon Islands 18710: 18582: 18486:North Macedonia 18327: 18052: 17765: 17746: 17707:Mass gatherings 17675: 17670: 17663: 17602: 17597: 17588: 17527:Religiocentrism 17507:National church 17375: 17372: 17364: 17279: 17272: 17209: 17131:Bodies of water 16923: 16908: 16715:Jamaican Maroon 16497: 16472: 16409: 16239: 16232: 16103: 16101: 16090: 16055: 16029:Trinidad Orisha 15814: 15807: 15780: 15773: 15700: 15663: 15449: 15442: 15338: 15320: 15247: 15221:Srilankan Vedda 15172: 15100: 14975:Sri Vaishnavism 14938: 14900: 14872: 14830: 14737: 14711: 14678: 14637: 14591: 14516:Twelver Shi'ism 14458: 14320:Neo-charismatic 14293:Presbyterianism 14145: 14037: 14024: 14019: 13989: 13984: 13956: 13884: 13880:Alexander Pruss 13863:Jean-Luc Marion 13818:Alvin Plantinga 13813:Dewi Z Phillips 13800: 13798: 13792: 13763:Walter Kaufmann 13753:Frithjof Schuon 13726:Rudolf Bultmann 13683: 13677: 13673:Joseph Maréchal 13663:Pavel Florensky 13658:Sergei Bulgakov 13643:Ernst Troeltsch 13626:Harald Høffding 13603: 13597: 13568:William Whewell 13556:Georg W F Hegel 13551:Karl C F Krause 13538: 13532: 13528:Johann G Herder 13518:Baron d'Holbach 13468:Augustin Calmet 13454: 13370: 13358: 13357: 13354: 13346: 13304:Problem of evil 13298: 13294:Verificationism 13260: 12968: 12914:Atheist's Wager 12897: 12759: 12693: 12621: 12597:Problem of evil 12552: 12547: 12517: 12512: 12332: 12327: 12297: 12292: 12290:Religion portal 12278: 12156:Post-monotheism 12084:Christian deism 12055: 12000:Agnostic theism 11952: 11947: 11917: 11912: 11888: 11827: 11737: 11711: 11678: 11612: 11573:Parody religion 11534: 11529: 11445: 11406: 11405: 11404: 11389: 11388: 11384: 11377: 11372: 11366: 11347: 11308: 11287:Wayback Machine 11268: 11242: 11220: 11218: 11181: 11179: 11172: 11135: 11133: 11126: 11099: 11097: 11090: 11066: 11064: 11037: 11018: 10994: 10977:Wayback Machine 10959: 10940: 10918: 10916: 10898: 10873: 10871: 10864: 10814: 10791: 10769:Foreign Affairs 10740: 10738: 10737:on May 24, 2011 10718: 10697: 10675: 10673: 10649: 10630: 10611: 10589: 10570: 10549: 10530:Wayback Machine 10501: 10499: 10492: 10473: 10471:Further reading 10468: 10459: 10457: 10443: 10432: 10418:Stroumsa, Sarah 10407: 10405: 10398: 10374: 10336: 10309: 10307: 10292: 10251: 10232: 10195: 10193: 10191: 10160: 10158: 10151: 10116: 10114: 10086: 10084: 10069: 10053:Martin, Michael 10042: 10040: 10030: 10012:Martin, Michael 10001: 9999: 9932: 9930: 9923: 9901:Wayback Machine 9886: 9884: 9844: 9842: 9827: 9803: 9774: 9772: 9757: 9701: 9674: 9672: 9665: 9621: 9595: 9581:Baggini, Julian 9573: 9548: 9546: 9521: 9516: 9506: 9504: 9469: 9465: 9455: 9453: 9410: 9406: 9396: 9394: 9349: 9345: 9335: 9333: 9298: 9294: 9284: 9282: 9278: 9255: 9248: 9244: 9234: 9232: 9197: 9193: 9152:(4): e0153039. 9135: 9131: 9121: 9119: 9115: 9104: 9098: 9094: 9047: 9043: 9020: 9016: 9004:Wayback Machine 8994: 8990: 8974: 8973: 8966: 8964: 8949: 8945: 8917: 8910: 8900: 8898: 8883: 8879: 8873: 8861: 8852: 8842: 8840: 8797: 8793: 8783: 8781: 8768: 8767: 8763: 8753: 8751: 8705: 8701: 8695:Wayback Machine 8686: 8679: 8669: 8667: 8658: 8657: 8648: 8632: 8631: 8624: 8622: 8607: 8603: 8593: 8591: 8578: 8577: 8573: 8563: 8561: 8548: 8547: 8543: 8533: 8531: 8524:DeseretNews.com 8518: 8517: 8513: 8503: 8501: 8488: 8487: 8483: 8473: 8471: 8467: 8456: 8450: 8446: 8440:Wayback Machine 8431: 8427: 8417: 8415: 8402: 8401: 8394: 8386: 8379: 8375: 8374: 8370: 8360: 8358: 8349: 8348: 8344: 8334: 8332: 8319: 8318: 8314: 8304: 8302: 8289: 8288: 8284: 8274: 8272: 8259: 8258: 8249: 8238: 8236: 8232: 8211: 8207: 8206: 8202: 8192: 8190: 8186: 8179: 8173: 8172: 8168: 8160: 8153: 8149: 8148: 8144: 8134: 8132: 8117: 8101: 8097: 8087: 8085: 8081: 8074: 8068: 8064: 8056: 8041: 8036: 8032: 8022: 8020: 8016: 8009: 8005: 8004: 8000: 7990: 7988: 7973: 7972: 7968: 7958: 7956: 7947: 7946: 7942: 7936:Huffington Post 7928:Wayback Machine 7919: 7915: 7905:Wayback Machine 7896: 7892: 7882: 7880: 7867: 7866: 7859: 7843: 7842: 7835: 7833: 7828: 7827: 7823: 7813: 7811: 7798: 7797: 7793: 7783: 7781: 7777: 7766: 7760: 7756: 7748: 7744: 7734: 7732: 7715: 7711: 7701: 7699: 7690:Hooper, Simon. 7688: 7684: 7674: 7672: 7657: 7653: 7643: 7641: 7624: 7620: 7610: 7608: 7601: 7585: 7581: 7571: 7569: 7553: 7552: 7548: 7534:Wayback Machine 7524: 7520: 7513: 7491: 7487: 7477: 7475: 7462: 7461: 7457: 7438: 7437: 7433: 7423: 7421: 7414: 7394:Madsen, Richard 7391: 7387: 7373: 7369: 7357: 7353: 7348:Wayback Machine 7334: 7330: 7322: 7318: 7303: 7301: 7294: 7276: 7272: 7257: 7255: 7248: 7230: 7226: 7207: 7203: 7193: 7191: 7184: 7161: 7157: 7147: 7145: 7138: 7122: 7118: 7108: 7106: 7091: 7090: 7086: 7081: 7077: 7067: 7065: 7064:. Gutenberg.org 7058: 7054: 7045: 7041: 7031: 7029: 7024:. Vol. 2. 7013: 7009: 6999: 6997: 6988: 6987: 6983: 6973: 6971: 6964: 6960: 6955:Wayback Machine 6941: 6937: 6927: 6925: 6916: 6915: 6911: 6906: 6902: 6892: 6890: 6883: 6867: 6863: 6858: 6854: 6844: 6842: 6835: 6819: 6815: 6796: 6792: 6784: 6777: 6769: 6765: 6755:Wayback Machine 6746: 6742: 6733: 6729: 6716: 6712: 6705: 6691: 6687: 6672:Wayback Machine 6661: 6654: 6627: 6620: 6613: 6599: 6595: 6581:"Atheism" 6576: 6572: 6562:Wayback Machine 6552: 6545: 6533: 6529: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6499: 6495: 6482: 6478: 6473: 6469: 6464:Wayback Machine 6448: 6444: 6415: 6411: 6401: 6399: 6392: 6374: 6370: 6360: 6358: 6343: 6332: 6323: 6319: 6312: 6298: 6294: 6278: 6267: 6260: 6246: 6242: 6226: 6222: 6217: 6213: 6182: 6178: 6165: 6161: 6152: 6148: 6135: 6131: 6112: 6105: 6087:On superstition 6071: 6067: 6053: 6049: 6040: 6036: 6029: 6015:Burkert, Walter 6012: 5995: 5988: 5972: 5957: 5949: 5945: 5930:10.2307/1397540 5914: 5910: 5901: 5897: 5880: 5876: 5859: 5858: 5854: 5847: 5831: 5827: 5817: 5815: 5808: 5782: 5769: 5759: 5757: 5750: 5734: 5727: 5714: 5712: 5705: 5689: 5685: 5654: 5650: 5640: 5638: 5622: 5618: 5608: 5606: 5597: 5596: 5592: 5573: 5569: 5559: 5557: 5548: 5547: 5543: 5529: 5507: 5503: 5492: 5476: 5472: 5462: 5448: 5444: 5434: 5432: 5425: 5404: 5400: 5394:Wayback Machine 5385: 5381: 5373: 5369: 5359: 5357: 5346:D'Souza, Dinesh 5343: 5339: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5311:Stand To Reason 5294: 5290: 5277: 5275: 5274:on May 16, 2011 5258: 5257: 5253: 5216:10.2307/1385749 5199: 5195: 5158: 5154: 5146: 5142: 5137: 5133: 5110: 5106: 5098: 5094: 5086: 5082: 5065: 5064: 5060: 5052: 5048: 5035: 5031: 5024: 5020: 5004: 5000: 4986: 4982: 4972: 4970: 4959: 4955: 4945: 4943: 4927: 4923: 4909: 4905: 4893: 4889: 4879: 4877: 4866: 4862: 4855: 4841: 4837: 4827: 4825: 4810: 4809: 4805: 4795: 4793: 4792:on June 8, 2015 4789: 4766: 4760: 4753: 4737: 4736: 4728: 4724: 4713: 4709: 4699: 4697: 4683: 4679: 4670: 4666: 4656: 4652: 4642:Abhidharmakosha 4632: 4628: 4613: 4611: 4607: 4599: 4595: 4585: 4583: 4556: 4552: 4542: 4540: 4507: 4503: 4496: 4482: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4448: 4444: 4434: 4432: 4417: 4413: 4403: 4401: 4386: 4382: 4374: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4343: 4339: 4329: 4327: 4312: 4308: 4301: 4287: 4278: 4266: 4262: 4248:Wayback Machine 4235: 4231: 4224: 4210: 4206: 4198: 4191: 4165: 4161: 4148: 4146: 4135: 4134: 4130: 4105: 4101: 4084:Golding, Arthur 4076: 4072: 4062: 4060: 4040: 4036: 4026: 4024: 4015: 4014: 4010: 3991: 3975: 3971: 3963: 3959: 3948:Cudworth, Ralph 3945: 3941: 3933: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3906: 3899: 3891: 3887: 3879: 3875: 3865: 3848: 3844: 3834: 3832: 3824:Huffington Post 3817: 3816: 3812: 3804: 3800: 3792: 3788: 3779: 3760: 3756: 3743: 3741: 3726: 3722: 3709: 3707: 3692: 3688: 3674: 3672: 3654: 3650: 3642: 3638: 3628: 3626: 3610: 3606: 3596: 3594: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3566: 3557: 3539:"Atheism" 3531: 3527: 3513: 3511: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3485: 3481: 3469: 3462: 3446: 3439: 3413: 3409: 3397: 3390: 3377: 3375: 3360: 3356: 3343: 3341: 3326: 3322: 3308: 3306: 3288: 3284: 3266:"Atheism" 3258: 3254: 3247: 3229: 3225: 3217:(divinity) and 3191:Harvey, Van A. 3189: 3185: 3175: 3173: 3151: 3144: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3121: 3117:Shook, John R. 3115: 3111: 3101: 3099: 3082: 3081: 3072: 3062: 3060: 3045: 3029: 3025: 3018: 2996: 2989: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2974: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2903: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2848: 2842: 2813: 2807: 2791: 2760: 2744: 2724: 2710:According to a 2696: 2610: 2604: 2596:religious right 2560:Lawrence Krauss 2556:Richard Dawkins 2549: 2543: 2509:Vashti McCollum 2457:Communist China 2388: 2372:George Holyoake 2268:Baron d'Holbach 2256:Baron d'Holbach 2191:wrote that the 2185: 2114:De rerum natura 2095: 2087:(827–911), and 2065: 2024: 1993: 1970: 1938: 1927: 1904: 1871:problem of evil 1807:De rerum natura 1791: 1743:Cyrenaic school 1700: 1694: 1689: 1683: 1639: 1629: 1562:, and novelist 1548:Richard Dawkins 1520: 1514: 1455:and miserable. 1401: 1391: 1386: 1374:Mikhail Bakunin 1354: 1340: 1262:omnibenevolence 1234: 1228:Problem of evil 1220: 1147: 1108: 1103: 953: 908:Richard Dawkins 888:Richard Dawkins 861: 855: 824:George H. Smith 820:Baron d'Holbach 768: 766: 752: 750: 736: 734: 719: 713: 697: 689:burden of proof 666:problem of evil 604: 526: 525: 473: 472:Related stances 465: 464: 431:De rerum natura 411: 403: 402: 354:Lawrence Krauss 349:Baron d'Holbach 314:Richard Dawkins 299:Mikhail Bakunin 278: 270: 269: 268: 254:Problem of Hell 249:Problem of evil 239:Parody religion 212: 202:God of the gaps 190: 175:Atheist's wager 166: 158: 157: 113: 105: 104: 85: 77: 76: 57: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 20313: 20303: 20302: 20287: 20286: 20269: 20252: 20250:from Wikibooks 20235: 20218: 20216:from Wikiquote 20201: 20184: 20167: 20138: 20133: 20132: 20130: 20129: 20127:Westernization 20124: 20119: 20114: 20109: 20107:Visegrád Group 20104: 20099: 20094: 20089: 20084: 20079: 20074: 20069: 20064: 20059: 20054: 20049: 20047:Nordic Council 20044: 20039: 20034: 20029: 20024: 20019: 20014: 20009: 20004: 19999: 19994: 19989: 19984: 19979: 19974: 19969: 19964: 19959: 19954: 19949: 19944: 19942:Bucharest Nine 19939: 19934: 19929: 19924: 19919: 19914: 19909: 19907:Arctic Council 19904: 19899: 19894: 19889: 19884: 19878: 19876: 19870: 19869: 19867: 19866: 19861: 19856: 19855: 19854: 19849: 19844: 19839: 19834: 19829: 19819: 19814: 19813: 19812: 19802: 19796: 19794: 19788: 19787: 19785: 19784: 19779: 19774: 19773: 19772: 19767: 19762: 19757: 19752: 19751: 19750: 19745: 19740: 19735: 19725: 19720: 19715: 19705: 19704: 19703: 19702: 19701: 19691: 19690: 19689: 19684: 19683: 19682: 19672: 19671: 19670: 19660: 19659: 19658: 19633: 19631: 19625: 19624: 19622: 19621: 19620: 19619: 19609: 19604: 19599: 19598: 19597: 19585: 19584: 19583: 19573: 19568: 19563: 19558: 19553: 19548: 19543: 19542: 19541: 19536: 19526: 19525: 19524: 19517:Existentialism 19514: 19509: 19504: 19499: 19494: 19489: 19484: 19479: 19474: 19468: 19466: 19460: 19459: 19457: 19456: 19455: 19454: 19449: 19444: 19439: 19429: 19428: 19427: 19417: 19416: 19415: 19410: 19400: 19399: 19398: 19388: 19383: 19382: 19381: 19376: 19371: 19361: 19360: 19359: 19349: 19348: 19347: 19337: 19336: 19335: 19330: 19320: 19315: 19310: 19305: 19304: 19303: 19293: 19288: 19287: 19286: 19276: 19275: 19274: 19264: 19263: 19262: 19252: 19247: 19246: 19245: 19235: 19230: 19229: 19228: 19223: 19218: 19207: 19205: 19199: 19198: 19196: 19195: 19194: 19193: 19188: 19178: 19177: 19176: 19171: 19166: 19161: 19156: 19151: 19146: 19141: 19136: 19131: 19126: 19121: 19116: 19111: 19106: 19101: 19096: 19091: 19081: 19076: 19075: 19074: 19069: 19064: 19054: 19053: 19052: 19050:Late antiquity 19042: 19036: 19034: 19028: 19027: 19025: 19024: 19019: 19014: 19009: 19004: 19003: 19002: 19001: 19000: 18995: 18985: 18980: 18975: 18965: 18960: 18954: 18952: 18948: 18947: 18936: 18935: 18928: 18921: 18913: 18904: 18903: 18901: 18900: 18890: 18879: 18876: 18875: 18872: 18871: 18868: 18867: 18865: 18864: 18859: 18854: 18849: 18844: 18839: 18834: 18829: 18824: 18819: 18814: 18809: 18803: 18801: 18795: 18794: 18792: 18791: 18786: 18781: 18776: 18771: 18766: 18761: 18756: 18751: 18746: 18741: 18736: 18731: 18726: 18720: 18718: 18712: 18711: 18709: 18708: 18703: 18698: 18693: 18688: 18683: 18678: 18673: 18668: 18663: 18658: 18653: 18648: 18643: 18638: 18633: 18628: 18623: 18618: 18613: 18608: 18603: 18598: 18592: 18590: 18584: 18583: 18581: 18580: 18579: 18578: 18573: 18568: 18563: 18556:United Kingdom 18553: 18548: 18543: 18538: 18533: 18528: 18523: 18518: 18513: 18508: 18503: 18498: 18493: 18488: 18483: 18478: 18473: 18468: 18463: 18458: 18453: 18448: 18443: 18438: 18433: 18428: 18423: 18418: 18413: 18408: 18403: 18398: 18393: 18388: 18383: 18378: 18373: 18368: 18363: 18358: 18353: 18348: 18343: 18337: 18335: 18329: 18328: 18326: 18325: 18320: 18315: 18310: 18305: 18300: 18295: 18290: 18285: 18280: 18275: 18270: 18265: 18260: 18255: 18250: 18245: 18240: 18235: 18230: 18225: 18220: 18215: 18210: 18205: 18200: 18195: 18190: 18185: 18184: 18183: 18178: 18168: 18163: 18158: 18153: 18148: 18143: 18138: 18133: 18128: 18123: 18118: 18113: 18108: 18103: 18098: 18093: 18088: 18083: 18078: 18073: 18068: 18062: 18060: 18054: 18053: 18051: 18050: 18045: 18040: 18035: 18030: 18025: 18020: 18015: 18010: 18005: 18000: 17995: 17990: 17985: 17980: 17975: 17970: 17965: 17960: 17955: 17950: 17945: 17940: 17935: 17930: 17925: 17920: 17915: 17910: 17905: 17900: 17895: 17890: 17885: 17880: 17875: 17870: 17865: 17860: 17855: 17850: 17845: 17840: 17835: 17830: 17825: 17820: 17815: 17810: 17805: 17800: 17795: 17790: 17785: 17779: 17777: 17767: 17766: 17756: 17755: 17752: 17751: 17748: 17747: 17745: 17744: 17739: 17734: 17729: 17724: 17719: 17714: 17709: 17704: 17699: 17694: 17689: 17684: 17678: 17676: 17668: 17665: 17664: 17662: 17661: 17656: 17651: 17649:Secularization 17646: 17641: 17636: 17631: 17629:Deconstruction 17626: 17621: 17616: 17611: 17605: 17603: 17593: 17590: 17589: 17587: 17586: 17581: 17580: 17579: 17574: 17569: 17559: 17554: 17549: 17544: 17539: 17534: 17529: 17524: 17519: 17514: 17509: 17504: 17499: 17494: 17489: 17484: 17482:Fundamentalism 17479: 17478: 17477: 17472: 17467: 17462: 17452: 17447: 17442: 17437: 17436: 17435: 17430: 17425: 17415: 17414: 17413: 17408: 17403: 17389: 17384: 17378: 17376: 17369: 17366: 17365: 17363: 17362: 17357: 17352: 17347: 17346: 17345: 17335: 17330: 17325: 17320: 17315: 17310: 17305: 17300: 17295: 17290: 17284: 17282: 17274: 17273: 17271: 17270: 17265: 17260: 17255: 17250: 17245: 17240: 17235: 17230: 17225: 17219: 17217: 17211: 17210: 17208: 17207: 17206: 17205: 17200: 17195: 17185: 17180: 17175: 17170: 17165: 17160: 17155: 17150: 17149: 17148: 17143: 17138: 17133: 17123: 17122: 17121: 17116: 17111: 17101: 17096: 17091: 17086: 17081: 17076: 17071: 17066: 17061: 17056: 17055: 17054: 17049: 17044: 17034: 17029: 17024: 17019: 17014: 17009: 17004: 16999: 16994: 16989: 16984: 16979: 16974: 16969: 16960: 16958:Call to prayer 16955: 16950: 16945: 16943:Disaffiliation 16935: 16933: 16925: 16924: 16914: 16913: 16910: 16909: 16907: 16906: 16901: 16896: 16891: 16886: 16881: 16876: 16871: 16870: 16869: 16864: 16859: 16849: 16848: 16847: 16842: 16837: 16832: 16827: 16817: 16812: 16811: 16810: 16805: 16795: 16794: 16793: 16788: 16783: 16778: 16768: 16763: 16762: 16761: 16751: 16750: 16749: 16744: 16734: 16729: 16728: 16727: 16717: 16712: 16707: 16702: 16697: 16692: 16687: 16682: 16681: 16680: 16675: 16670: 16665: 16663:Greco-Buddhism 16660: 16650: 16649: 16648: 16643: 16638: 16633: 16623: 16618: 16617: 16616: 16606: 16601: 16596: 16595: 16594: 16584: 16579: 16574: 16573: 16572: 16567: 16557: 16552: 16551: 16550: 16545: 16540: 16530: 16525: 16520: 16515: 16514: 16513: 16502: 16499: 16498: 16486: 16485: 16482: 16481: 16478: 16477: 16474: 16473: 16471: 16470: 16469: 16468: 16458: 16453: 16448: 16443: 16438: 16433: 16428: 16423: 16417: 16415: 16411: 16410: 16408: 16407: 16406: 16405: 16393: 16388: 16387: 16386: 16381: 16376: 16371: 16366: 16361: 16356: 16346: 16341: 16336: 16331: 16326: 16321: 16316: 16311: 16306: 16305: 16304: 16294: 16293: 16292: 16287: 16277: 16276: 16275: 16270: 16260: 16255: 16254: 16253: 16244: 16242: 16234: 16233: 16231: 16230: 16225: 16220: 16215: 16214: 16213: 16208: 16198: 16193: 16188: 16183: 16178: 16177: 16176: 16166: 16161: 16156: 16151: 16146: 16141: 16136: 16131: 16126: 16121: 16115: 16113: 16106: 16096: 16095: 16092: 16091: 16089: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16073: 16067: 16065: 16061: 16060: 16057: 16056: 16054: 16053: 16052: 16051: 16046: 16041: 16036: 16031: 16026: 16024:Tambor de Mina 16021: 16016: 16011: 16006: 16001: 15996: 15991: 15986: 15981: 15980: 15979: 15974: 15969: 15950: 15949: 15948: 15947: 15937: 15932: 15927: 15922: 15917: 15912: 15907: 15902: 15897: 15892: 15887: 15882: 15877: 15872: 15867: 15862: 15857: 15852: 15851: 15850: 15845: 15835: 15830: 15825: 15819: 15817: 15809: 15808: 15806: 15805: 15804: 15803: 15801:Guanche church 15792: 15790: 15783: 15775: 15774: 15772: 15771: 15766: 15761: 15756: 15751: 15746: 15741: 15736: 15731: 15726: 15721: 15716: 15710: 15708: 15706:Tibeto-Burmese 15702: 15701: 15699: 15698: 15693: 15688: 15683: 15677: 15675: 15665: 15664: 15662: 15661: 15656: 15651: 15646: 15641: 15639:Nuu-chah-nulth 15636: 15631: 15626: 15621: 15616: 15615: 15614: 15609: 15604: 15599: 15589: 15584: 15579: 15574: 15569: 15564: 15563: 15562: 15557: 15552: 15550:Muscogee Creek 15547: 15542: 15532: 15527: 15522: 15517: 15512: 15507: 15502: 15497: 15492: 15491: 15490: 15485: 15480: 15470: 15465: 15460: 15454: 15452: 15444: 15443: 15441: 15440: 15435: 15433:Sumbese Marapu 15430: 15429: 15428: 15423: 15413: 15412: 15411: 15401: 15396: 15391: 15386: 15385: 15384: 15379: 15371: 15370: 15369: 15364: 15354: 15352:Batak Parmalim 15348: 15346: 15340: 15339: 15337: 15336: 15330: 15328: 15322: 15321: 15319: 15318: 15317: 15316: 15311: 15301: 15300: 15299: 15294: 15289: 15274: 15272: 15263: 15257: 15256: 15253: 15252: 15249: 15248: 15246: 15245: 15244: 15243: 15238: 15228: 15223: 15218: 15213: 15208: 15207: 15206: 15201: 15191: 15186: 15180: 15178: 15174: 15173: 15171: 15170: 15163: 15158: 15157: 15156: 15146: 15145: 15144: 15139: 15134: 15116: 15110: 15108: 15102: 15101: 15099: 15098: 15091: 15086: 15081: 15076: 15071: 15066: 15061: 15060: 15059: 15054: 15049: 15044: 15039: 15034: 15029: 15024: 15014: 15013: 15012: 15007: 15002: 14997: 14992: 14987: 14982: 14977: 14972: 14961: 14959: 14950: 14944: 14943: 14940: 14939: 14937: 14936: 14931: 14926: 14921: 14916: 14910: 14908: 14902: 14901: 14899: 14898: 14893: 14888: 14882: 14880: 14874: 14873: 14871: 14870: 14865: 14860: 14855: 14854: 14853: 14840: 14838: 14832: 14831: 14829: 14828: 14827: 14826: 14821: 14811: 14810: 14809: 14804: 14794: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14773: 14771: 14762: 14753: 14747: 14746: 14743: 14742: 14739: 14738: 14736: 14735: 14730: 14725: 14719: 14717: 14713: 14712: 14710: 14709: 14704: 14699: 14694: 14688: 14686: 14680: 14679: 14677: 14676: 14671: 14666: 14664:Ilm-e-Khshnoom 14660: 14658: 14649: 14643: 14642: 14639: 14638: 14636: 14635: 14630: 14625: 14620: 14615: 14610: 14605: 14599: 14597: 14593: 14592: 14590: 14589: 14582: 14577: 14572: 14567: 14562: 14557: 14552: 14551: 14550: 14540: 14535: 14534: 14533: 14528: 14523: 14518: 14508: 14507: 14506: 14505: 14504: 14499: 14489: 14484: 14479: 14468: 14466: 14460: 14459: 14457: 14456: 14449: 14448: 14447: 14442: 14437: 14432: 14427: 14422: 14417: 14412: 14407: 14401:Bible Students 14393: 14388: 14383: 14378: 14373: 14371:Restorationism 14368: 14367: 14366: 14361: 14356: 14351: 14350: 14349: 14339: 14334: 14329: 14327:Evangelicalism 14324: 14323: 14322: 14317: 14312: 14302: 14301: 14300: 14295: 14290: 14280: 14275: 14270: 14269: 14268: 14263: 14258: 14253: 14248: 14238: 14228: 14227: 14226: 14221: 14207: 14206: 14205: 14200: 14190: 14185: 14184: 14183: 14173: 14172: 14171: 14166: 14155: 14153: 14147: 14146: 14144: 14143: 14136: 14131: 14126: 14121: 14116: 14111: 14106: 14101: 14100: 14099: 14098: 14097: 14087: 14086: 14085: 14069: 14067: 14058: 14049: 14039: 14038: 14026: 14025: 14018: 14017: 14010: 14003: 13995: 13986: 13985: 13983: 13982: 13972: 13961: 13958: 13957: 13955: 13954: 13947: 13942: 13937: 13932: 13927: 13922: 13917: 13912: 13907: 13902: 13896: 13894: 13893:Related topics 13890: 13889: 13886: 13885: 13883: 13882: 13876: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13853:Daniel Dennett 13850: 13845: 13843:Ravi Zacharias 13840: 13835: 13830: 13825: 13820: 13815: 13810: 13808:William L Rowe 13804: 13802: 13794: 13793: 13791: 13790: 13785: 13783:William Alston 13780: 13775: 13770: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13750: 13745: 13739: 13738: 13733: 13731:Gabriel Marcel 13728: 13723: 13718: 13713: 13708: 13703: 13698: 13693: 13687: 13685: 13679: 13678: 13676: 13675: 13670: 13668:Ernst Cassirer 13665: 13660: 13655: 13650: 13645: 13640: 13634: 13633: 13628: 13623: 13618: 13613: 13607: 13605: 13599: 13598: 13596: 13595: 13590: 13585: 13580: 13575: 13570: 13565: 13563:Thomas Carlyle 13559: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13542: 13540: 13534: 13533: 13531: 13530: 13525: 13520: 13515: 13510: 13505: 13500: 13495: 13490: 13488:Baruch Spinoza 13485: 13480: 13475: 13473:René Descartes 13470: 13464: 13462: 13456: 13455: 13453: 13452: 13447: 13445:Thomas Aquinas 13442: 13437: 13432: 13427: 13422: 13417: 13412: 13407: 13402: 13397: 13392: 13387: 13382: 13376: 13374: 13360: 13351: 13348: 13347: 13345: 13344: 13339: 13334: 13329: 13324: 13319: 13314: 13308: 13306: 13300: 13299: 13297: 13296: 13291: 13286: 13281: 13276: 13270: 13268: 13262: 13261: 13259: 13258: 13251: 13246: 13241: 13236: 13231: 13226: 13221: 13216: 13214:Possibilianism 13211: 13206: 13201: 13196: 13191: 13186: 13181: 13176: 13171: 13170: 13169: 13164: 13159: 13149: 13144: 13139: 13134: 13129: 13124: 13123: 13122: 13117: 13112: 13102: 13097: 13092: 13090:Fundamentalism 13087: 13082: 13081: 13080: 13075: 13065: 13064: 13063: 13058: 13051:Existentialism 13048: 13043: 13038: 13033: 13028: 13023: 13018: 13013: 13008: 13003: 12998: 12993: 12988: 12982: 12980: 12974: 12973: 12970: 12969: 12967: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12951: 12946: 12944:Noncognitivism 12941: 12936: 12931: 12926: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12905: 12903: 12899: 12898: 12896: 12895: 12893:Transcendental 12890: 12889: 12888: 12883: 12873: 12868: 12863: 12861:Pascal's wager 12858: 12853: 12848: 12843: 12838: 12833: 12828: 12823: 12818: 12813: 12812: 12811: 12806: 12796: 12791: 12789:Christological 12786: 12780: 12778: 12771: 12765: 12764: 12761: 12760: 12758: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12717: 12712: 12707: 12701: 12699: 12695: 12694: 12692: 12691: 12686: 12681: 12676: 12671: 12666: 12661: 12656: 12651: 12646: 12641: 12635: 12629: 12623: 12622: 12620: 12619: 12614: 12609: 12604: 12599: 12594: 12589: 12584: 12583: 12582: 12571: 12566: 12560: 12558: 12554: 12553: 12546: 12545: 12538: 12531: 12523: 12514: 12513: 12511: 12510: 12503: 12498: 12493: 12488: 12483: 12478: 12473: 12468: 12463: 12458: 12453: 12448: 12443: 12438: 12433: 12428: 12423: 12418: 12413: 12408: 12403: 12398: 12393: 12388: 12383: 12378: 12373: 12368: 12363: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12343: 12337: 12334: 12333: 12330:Belief systems 12326: 12325: 12318: 12311: 12303: 12294: 12293: 12283: 12280: 12279: 12277: 12276: 12271: 12266: 12264:Trinitarianism 12261: 12256: 12251: 12246: 12241: 12236: 12231: 12230: 12229: 12219: 12214: 12213: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12192: 12187: 12182: 12177: 12176: 12175: 12165: 12160: 12159: 12158: 12153: 12143: 12138: 12136:Liberal theism 12133: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12113: 12108: 12103: 12101:Dipolar theism 12098: 12097: 12096: 12091: 12086: 12081: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12060: 12059: 12052: 12047: 12042: 12040:Jewish atheism 12037: 12032: 12027: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11996: 11995: 11990: 11980: 11979: 11978: 11973: 11968: 11957: 11954: 11953: 11946: 11945: 11938: 11931: 11923: 11914: 11913: 11911: 11909:Secular ethics 11906: 11901: 11896: 11894: 11893:Related topics 11890: 11889: 11887: 11882: 11877: 11872: 11867: 11862: 11857: 11852: 11847: 11842: 11837: 11835: 11829: 11828: 11826: 11825: 11818: 11811: 11804: 11797: 11790: 11783: 11776: 11769: 11762: 11755: 11747: 11745: 11739: 11738: 11736: 11735: 11730: 11725: 11719: 11717: 11713: 11712: 11710: 11709: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11688: 11686: 11680: 11679: 11677: 11672: 11667: 11662: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11620: 11614: 11613: 11611: 11610: 11605: 11603:Secularization 11600: 11595: 11590: 11585: 11580: 11575: 11570: 11565: 11560: 11555: 11550: 11544: 11542: 11536: 11535: 11528: 11527: 11520: 11513: 11505: 11499: 11498: 11489: 11483: 11477: 11467: 11457: 11443: 11425: 11416: 11403: 11402: 11397: 11391: 11390: 11379: 11378: 11376: 11375:External links 11373: 11371: 11370: 11364: 11351: 11345: 11332: 11326: 11312: 11306: 11289: 11280:online reviews 11272: 11266: 11246: 11240: 11227: 11202: 11188: 11170: 11155: 11142: 11124: 11106: 11088: 11073: 11059:(2): 187–223. 11041: 11035: 11022: 11016: 10998: 10992: 10979: 10963: 10957: 10944: 10938: 10925: 10902: 10896: 10880: 10862: 10847: 10818: 10812: 10795: 10789: 10773: 10761: 10747: 10722: 10716: 10701: 10695: 10682: 10653: 10647: 10634: 10628: 10615: 10609: 10593: 10587: 10574: 10568: 10553: 10547: 10532: 10508: 10490: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10466: 10436: 10430: 10414: 10396: 10390:. Prometheus. 10378: 10372: 10356: 10334: 10316: 10290: 10255: 10249: 10236: 10230: 10214: 10202: 10189: 10167: 10149: 10123: 10093: 10067: 10055:, ed. (2006). 10049: 10028: 10008: 9981: 9964: 9939: 9921: 9903: 9857:(April 2006). 9851: 9825: 9807: 9801: 9781: 9755: 9737: 9717: 9705: 9699: 9681: 9663: 9645: 9633: 9619: 9599: 9593: 9577: 9571: 9555: 9527:Adamson, Peter 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9514: 9483:(2): 258–279. 9463: 9404: 9343: 9292: 9266:(3): 268–274. 9242: 9211:(2): 647–684. 9191: 9129: 9092: 9061:(2191): 2191. 9041: 9030:(1): 156–171. 9014: 8988: 8943: 8908: 8877: 8850: 8811:(7): 840–846. 8791: 8761: 8699: 8677: 8646: 8601: 8571: 8541: 8511: 8481: 8444: 8425: 8404:"WVS Database" 8392: 8368: 8351:"Atheist Zone" 8342: 8312: 8282: 8247: 8222:European Union 8200: 8166: 8142: 8115: 8095: 8062: 8030: 7998: 7966: 7940: 7913: 7890: 7857: 7821: 7791: 7754: 7742: 7709: 7682: 7651: 7618: 7599: 7579: 7546: 7518: 7511: 7485: 7455: 7440:"Is God Dead?" 7431: 7412: 7385: 7367: 7351: 7341:online reviews 7328: 7316: 7292: 7270: 7246: 7224: 7210:Holyoake, G.J. 7201: 7182: 7155: 7136: 7116: 7084: 7075: 7052: 7039: 7007: 6981: 6958: 6935: 6909: 6900: 6881: 6861: 6852: 6833: 6813: 6790: 6775: 6763: 6740: 6727: 6710: 6703: 6685: 6652: 6618: 6611: 6593: 6570: 6543: 6527: 6513: 6493: 6476: 6467: 6442: 6409: 6390: 6368: 6330: 6317: 6310: 6292: 6280:Bremmer, Jan. 6265: 6258: 6240: 6228:Bremmer, Jan. 6220: 6211: 6192:(3): 247–262. 6176: 6159: 6157:, 136 182-186. 6146: 6129: 6103: 6065: 6047: 6034: 6027: 6019:Greek Religion 5993: 5986: 5955: 5943: 5908: 5895: 5874: 5852: 5845: 5825: 5806: 5794:Most, Glenn W. 5767: 5748: 5725: 5703: 5683: 5648: 5616: 5590: 5567: 5541: 5527: 5501: 5490: 5470: 5460: 5442: 5423: 5398: 5379: 5377:, p. 291. 5367: 5337: 5319: 5288: 5251: 5240:(2): 113–133. 5210:(2): 179–182. 5193: 5172:(3): 242–250. 5152: 5140: 5131: 5104: 5092: 5080: 5075:Salk Institute 5073:(Conference). 5058: 5046: 5029: 5015:(Book Eleven: 4998: 4980: 4953: 4921: 4911:Pascal, Blaise 4903: 4887: 4860: 4853: 4835: 4803: 4777:(6): 949–971. 4751: 4722: 4707: 4677: 4664: 4650: 4626: 4605: 4593: 4550: 4501: 4494: 4473: 4442: 4411: 4380: 4368: 4337: 4306: 4300:978-1138506916 4299: 4276: 4260: 4229: 4222: 4204: 4189: 4159: 4128: 4099: 4070: 4043:Martiall, John 4034: 4008: 3989: 3969: 3957: 3939: 3927: 3897: 3885: 3873: 3863: 3855:What I believe 3851:Kenny, Anthony 3842: 3810: 3798: 3786: 3754: 3734:Philosophy Now 3720: 3686: 3648: 3636: 3604: 3572: 3555: 3536:, ed. (1911). 3534:Chisholm, Hugh 3525: 3491: 3479: 3460: 3437: 3407: 3388: 3368:Philosophy Now 3354: 3320: 3282: 3263:, ed. (1911). 3261:Chisholm, Hugh 3252: 3245: 3223: 3183: 3142: 3109: 3070: 3043: 3023: 3016: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2943: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2909: 2908: 2892: 2889: 2841: 2838: 2806: 2803: 2790: 2787: 2759: 2756: 2752:New Zealanders 2743: 2740: 2723: 2720: 2695: 2692: 2656:Czech Republic 2606:Main article: 2603: 2600: 2588:events of 9/11 2576:Daniel Dennett 2545:Main article: 2542: 2539: 2449:Vladimir Lenin 2410:existentialism 2387: 2384: 2339:. The radical 2205:Baruch Spinoza 2184: 2181: 2085:Ibn al-Rawandi 2075:experienced a 2064: 2061: 1994: 300 BCE 1971: 300 BCE 1902: 1804:. In his work 1790: 1787: 1696:Main article: 1693: 1690: 1685:Main article: 1682: 1679: 1628: 1625: 1619:, such as the 1540:Daniel Dennett 1513: 1510: 1505:Julian Baggini 1413:Phil Zuckerman 1395:Secular ethics 1390: 1389:Secular ethics 1387: 1385: 1382: 1339: 1336: 1292:omnibenevolent 1219: 1216: 1146: 1143: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1019:), "atheism". 952: 949: 869:Michael Martin 857:Main article: 854: 851: 845:classifies as 815:transcendental 745:) assert that 715:Main article: 712: 709: 696: 693: 654:secular ethics 624: 606: 605: 603: 602: 595: 588: 580: 577: 576: 575: 574: 562: 550: 538: 528: 527: 522: 521: 520: 519: 511: 510: 504: 503: 502: 501: 496: 491: 483: 482: 474: 471: 470: 467: 466: 463: 462: 455: 448: 441: 434: 427: 420: 412: 409: 408: 405: 404: 399: 398: 397: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 334:A. C. Grayling 331: 326: 321: 319:Daniel Dennett 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 294:Julian Baggini 288: 287: 279: 276: 275: 272: 271: 267: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 209: 204: 199: 194: 187: 182: 180:Creator of God 177: 171: 167: 164: 163: 160: 159: 156: 155: 150: 145: 140: 138:Secular ethics 135: 130: 125: 120: 114: 111: 110: 107: 106: 103: 102: 97: 92: 86: 83: 82: 79: 78: 75: 74: 69: 64: 58: 55: 54: 51: 50: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20312: 20301: 20298: 20297: 20295: 20284:from Wikidata 20283: 20282: 20270: 20266: 20265: 20253: 20249: 20248: 20236: 20232: 20231: 20219: 20215: 20214: 20202: 20199:from Wikinews 20198: 20197: 20185: 20181: 20180: 20168: 20164: 20163: 20151: 20150: 20147: 20141: 20128: 20125: 20123: 20120: 20118: 20115: 20113: 20110: 20108: 20105: 20103: 20100: 20098: 20095: 20093: 20090: 20088: 20085: 20083: 20080: 20078: 20075: 20073: 20072:PROSUR/PROSUL 20070: 20068: 20065: 20063: 20060: 20058: 20055: 20053: 20050: 20048: 20045: 20043: 20040: 20038: 20035: 20033: 20030: 20028: 20025: 20023: 20020: 20018: 20015: 20013: 20010: 20008: 20005: 20003: 20000: 19998: 19995: 19993: 19990: 19988: 19985: 19983: 19980: 19978: 19975: 19973: 19970: 19968: 19967:Craiova Group 19965: 19963: 19960: 19958: 19955: 19953: 19950: 19948: 19945: 19943: 19940: 19938: 19935: 19933: 19930: 19928: 19925: 19923: 19920: 19918: 19915: 19913: 19910: 19908: 19905: 19903: 19900: 19898: 19895: 19893: 19890: 19888: 19885: 19883: 19882:ABCANZ Armies 19880: 19879: 19877: 19871: 19865: 19862: 19860: 19857: 19853: 19850: 19848: 19845: 19843: 19840: 19838: 19835: 19833: 19830: 19828: 19825: 19824: 19823: 19820: 19818: 19815: 19811: 19808: 19807: 19806: 19803: 19801: 19798: 19797: 19795: 19793: 19789: 19783: 19780: 19778: 19775: 19771: 19768: 19766: 19763: 19761: 19758: 19756: 19753: 19749: 19746: 19744: 19741: 19739: 19736: 19734: 19731: 19730: 19729: 19726: 19724: 19721: 19719: 19716: 19714: 19711: 19710: 19709: 19706: 19700: 19697: 19696: 19695: 19692: 19688: 19687:Protestantism 19685: 19681: 19678: 19677: 19676: 19673: 19669: 19666: 19665: 19664: 19661: 19657: 19653: 19650: 19649: 19648: 19645: 19644: 19643: 19640: 19639: 19638: 19635: 19634: 19632: 19630: 19626: 19618: 19615: 19614: 19613: 19610: 19608: 19607:Sovereigntism 19605: 19603: 19600: 19596: 19595: 19591: 19590: 19589: 19586: 19582: 19579: 19578: 19577: 19574: 19572: 19569: 19567: 19564: 19562: 19559: 19557: 19554: 19552: 19549: 19547: 19544: 19540: 19537: 19535: 19532: 19531: 19530: 19527: 19523: 19520: 19519: 19518: 19515: 19513: 19510: 19508: 19505: 19503: 19502:Scholasticism 19500: 19498: 19495: 19493: 19490: 19488: 19485: 19483: 19480: 19478: 19475: 19473: 19470: 19469: 19467: 19465: 19461: 19453: 19450: 19448: 19445: 19443: 19440: 19438: 19435: 19434: 19433: 19430: 19426: 19423: 19422: 19421: 19418: 19414: 19411: 19409: 19406: 19405: 19404: 19401: 19397: 19394: 19393: 19392: 19389: 19387: 19384: 19380: 19377: 19375: 19372: 19370: 19367: 19366: 19365: 19362: 19358: 19355: 19354: 19353: 19350: 19346: 19343: 19342: 19341: 19338: 19334: 19331: 19329: 19326: 19325: 19324: 19321: 19319: 19316: 19314: 19311: 19309: 19306: 19302: 19299: 19298: 19297: 19294: 19292: 19289: 19285: 19282: 19281: 19280: 19277: 19273: 19270: 19269: 19268: 19265: 19261: 19258: 19257: 19256: 19253: 19251: 19248: 19244: 19241: 19240: 19239: 19236: 19234: 19231: 19227: 19224: 19222: 19219: 19217: 19214: 19213: 19212: 19209: 19208: 19206: 19204: 19200: 19192: 19191:War on terror 19189: 19187: 19184: 19183: 19182: 19179: 19175: 19172: 19170: 19167: 19165: 19162: 19160: 19157: 19155: 19152: 19150: 19147: 19145: 19142: 19140: 19137: 19135: 19132: 19130: 19127: 19125: 19122: 19120: 19117: 19115: 19112: 19110: 19107: 19105: 19102: 19100: 19097: 19095: 19092: 19090: 19087: 19086: 19085: 19084:Modern period 19082: 19080: 19077: 19073: 19070: 19068: 19065: 19063: 19060: 19059: 19058: 19055: 19051: 19048: 19047: 19046: 19043: 19041: 19038: 19037: 19035: 19033: 19029: 19023: 19020: 19018: 19015: 19013: 19010: 19008: 19005: 18999: 18996: 18994: 18991: 18990: 18989: 18986: 18984: 18981: 18979: 18976: 18974: 18971: 18970: 18969: 18966: 18964: 18961: 18959: 18956: 18955: 18953: 18949: 18945: 18941: 18940:Western world 18934: 18929: 18927: 18922: 18920: 18915: 18914: 18911: 18899: 18895: 18891: 18889: 18881: 18880: 18877: 18863: 18860: 18858: 18855: 18853: 18850: 18848: 18845: 18843: 18840: 18838: 18835: 18833: 18830: 18828: 18825: 18823: 18820: 18818: 18815: 18813: 18810: 18808: 18805: 18804: 18802: 18800: 18799:South America 18796: 18790: 18787: 18785: 18782: 18780: 18777: 18775: 18772: 18770: 18767: 18765: 18762: 18760: 18757: 18755: 18752: 18750: 18747: 18745: 18742: 18740: 18737: 18735: 18732: 18730: 18727: 18725: 18722: 18721: 18719: 18717: 18713: 18707: 18706:United States 18704: 18702: 18699: 18697: 18694: 18692: 18689: 18687: 18684: 18682: 18679: 18677: 18674: 18672: 18669: 18667: 18664: 18662: 18659: 18657: 18654: 18652: 18649: 18647: 18644: 18642: 18639: 18637: 18634: 18632: 18629: 18627: 18624: 18622: 18619: 18617: 18614: 18612: 18609: 18607: 18604: 18602: 18599: 18597: 18594: 18593: 18591: 18589: 18588:North America 18585: 18577: 18574: 18572: 18569: 18567: 18564: 18562: 18559: 18558: 18557: 18554: 18552: 18549: 18547: 18544: 18542: 18539: 18537: 18534: 18532: 18529: 18527: 18524: 18522: 18519: 18517: 18514: 18512: 18509: 18507: 18504: 18502: 18499: 18497: 18494: 18492: 18489: 18487: 18484: 18482: 18479: 18477: 18474: 18472: 18469: 18467: 18464: 18462: 18459: 18457: 18454: 18452: 18449: 18447: 18446:Liechtenstein 18444: 18442: 18439: 18437: 18434: 18432: 18429: 18427: 18424: 18422: 18419: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18409: 18407: 18404: 18402: 18399: 18397: 18394: 18392: 18389: 18387: 18384: 18382: 18379: 18377: 18374: 18372: 18369: 18367: 18364: 18362: 18359: 18357: 18354: 18352: 18349: 18347: 18344: 18342: 18339: 18338: 18336: 18334: 18330: 18324: 18321: 18319: 18316: 18314: 18311: 18309: 18306: 18304: 18301: 18299: 18296: 18294: 18291: 18289: 18286: 18284: 18281: 18279: 18276: 18274: 18271: 18269: 18266: 18264: 18261: 18259: 18256: 18254: 18251: 18249: 18246: 18244: 18241: 18239: 18236: 18234: 18231: 18229: 18226: 18224: 18221: 18219: 18216: 18214: 18211: 18209: 18206: 18204: 18201: 18199: 18196: 18194: 18191: 18189: 18186: 18182: 18179: 18177: 18174: 18173: 18172: 18169: 18167: 18164: 18162: 18159: 18157: 18154: 18152: 18149: 18147: 18144: 18142: 18139: 18137: 18134: 18132: 18129: 18127: 18124: 18122: 18119: 18117: 18114: 18112: 18109: 18107: 18104: 18102: 18099: 18097: 18094: 18092: 18089: 18087: 18084: 18082: 18079: 18077: 18074: 18072: 18069: 18067: 18064: 18063: 18061: 18059: 18055: 18049: 18046: 18044: 18041: 18039: 18036: 18034: 18031: 18029: 18026: 18024: 18021: 18019: 18016: 18014: 18011: 18009: 18006: 18004: 18001: 17999: 17996: 17994: 17991: 17989: 17986: 17984: 17981: 17979: 17976: 17974: 17971: 17969: 17966: 17964: 17961: 17959: 17956: 17954: 17951: 17949: 17946: 17944: 17941: 17939: 17936: 17934: 17931: 17929: 17926: 17924: 17921: 17919: 17916: 17914: 17911: 17909: 17906: 17904: 17901: 17899: 17898:Guinea-Bissau 17896: 17894: 17891: 17889: 17886: 17884: 17881: 17879: 17876: 17874: 17871: 17869: 17866: 17864: 17861: 17859: 17856: 17854: 17851: 17849: 17846: 17844: 17841: 17839: 17836: 17834: 17831: 17829: 17826: 17824: 17821: 17819: 17816: 17814: 17811: 17809: 17806: 17804: 17801: 17799: 17796: 17794: 17791: 17789: 17786: 17784: 17781: 17780: 17778: 17776: 17772: 17768: 17761: 17757: 17743: 17740: 17738: 17735: 17733: 17730: 17728: 17725: 17723: 17722:Organizations 17720: 17718: 17715: 17713: 17710: 17708: 17705: 17703: 17700: 17698: 17695: 17693: 17690: 17688: 17685: 17683: 17680: 17679: 17677: 17674: 17666: 17660: 17657: 17655: 17652: 17650: 17647: 17645: 17642: 17640: 17637: 17635: 17632: 17630: 17627: 17625: 17622: 17620: 17617: 17615: 17612: 17610: 17607: 17606: 17604: 17601: 17596: 17591: 17585: 17582: 17578: 17575: 17573: 17570: 17568: 17565: 17564: 17563: 17560: 17558: 17555: 17553: 17552:Vegetarianism 17550: 17548: 17545: 17543: 17540: 17538: 17535: 17533: 17530: 17528: 17525: 17523: 17520: 17518: 17515: 17513: 17510: 17508: 17505: 17503: 17500: 17498: 17497:Homosexuality 17495: 17493: 17490: 17488: 17485: 17483: 17480: 17476: 17473: 17471: 17468: 17466: 17463: 17461: 17458: 17457: 17456: 17453: 17451: 17448: 17446: 17443: 17441: 17438: 17434: 17431: 17429: 17426: 17424: 17421: 17420: 17419: 17416: 17412: 17409: 17407: 17404: 17402: 17399: 17398: 17397: 17393: 17390: 17388: 17385: 17383: 17380: 17379: 17377: 17374: 17367: 17361: 17358: 17356: 17353: 17351: 17348: 17344: 17341: 17340: 17339: 17336: 17334: 17331: 17329: 17326: 17324: 17321: 17319: 17318:Neurotheology 17316: 17314: 17311: 17309: 17306: 17304: 17301: 17299: 17296: 17294: 17291: 17289: 17286: 17285: 17283: 17281: 17275: 17269: 17266: 17264: 17261: 17259: 17256: 17254: 17251: 17249: 17246: 17244: 17241: 17239: 17236: 17234: 17231: 17229: 17226: 17224: 17221: 17220: 17218: 17216: 17212: 17204: 17201: 17199: 17196: 17194: 17191: 17190: 17189: 17186: 17184: 17181: 17179: 17176: 17174: 17171: 17169: 17166: 17164: 17161: 17159: 17156: 17154: 17151: 17147: 17144: 17142: 17139: 17137: 17134: 17132: 17129: 17128: 17127: 17124: 17120: 17117: 17115: 17112: 17110: 17107: 17106: 17105: 17102: 17100: 17097: 17095: 17092: 17090: 17087: 17085: 17082: 17080: 17077: 17075: 17072: 17070: 17067: 17065: 17062: 17060: 17057: 17053: 17050: 17048: 17045: 17043: 17040: 17039: 17038: 17035: 17033: 17030: 17028: 17025: 17023: 17020: 17018: 17015: 17013: 17012:Folk religion 17010: 17008: 17005: 17003: 17000: 16998: 16995: 16993: 16990: 16988: 16985: 16983: 16980: 16978: 16975: 16973: 16970: 16968: 16964: 16961: 16959: 16956: 16954: 16951: 16949: 16946: 16944: 16940: 16937: 16936: 16934: 16930: 16926: 16919: 16915: 16905: 16902: 16900: 16897: 16895: 16892: 16890: 16887: 16885: 16882: 16880: 16877: 16875: 16872: 16868: 16865: 16863: 16860: 16858: 16855: 16854: 16853: 16850: 16846: 16843: 16841: 16838: 16836: 16835:Imperial cult 16833: 16831: 16828: 16826: 16823: 16822: 16821: 16818: 16816: 16813: 16809: 16806: 16804: 16801: 16800: 16799: 16796: 16792: 16789: 16787: 16784: 16782: 16779: 16777: 16774: 16773: 16772: 16769: 16767: 16764: 16760: 16757: 16756: 16755: 16752: 16748: 16745: 16743: 16740: 16739: 16738: 16735: 16733: 16730: 16726: 16723: 16722: 16721: 16718: 16716: 16713: 16711: 16708: 16706: 16703: 16701: 16698: 16696: 16693: 16691: 16688: 16686: 16683: 16679: 16676: 16674: 16671: 16669: 16666: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16656: 16655: 16654: 16651: 16647: 16644: 16642: 16639: 16637: 16634: 16632: 16629: 16628: 16627: 16624: 16622: 16619: 16615: 16612: 16611: 16610: 16607: 16605: 16602: 16600: 16597: 16593: 16590: 16589: 16588: 16585: 16583: 16580: 16578: 16575: 16571: 16568: 16566: 16563: 16562: 16561: 16558: 16556: 16553: 16549: 16546: 16544: 16541: 16539: 16536: 16535: 16534: 16531: 16529: 16526: 16524: 16521: 16519: 16516: 16512: 16509: 16508: 16507: 16504: 16503: 16500: 16496: 16491: 16487: 16467: 16464: 16463: 16462: 16459: 16457: 16454: 16452: 16449: 16447: 16444: 16442: 16439: 16437: 16434: 16432: 16429: 16427: 16426:Discordianism 16424: 16422: 16421:Anthroposophy 16419: 16418: 16416: 16412: 16404: 16403: 16399: 16398: 16397: 16394: 16392: 16389: 16385: 16382: 16380: 16377: 16375: 16372: 16370: 16369:Mari religion 16367: 16365: 16362: 16360: 16357: 16355: 16352: 16351: 16350: 16347: 16345: 16342: 16340: 16337: 16335: 16332: 16330: 16327: 16325: 16322: 16320: 16317: 16315: 16312: 16310: 16307: 16303: 16300: 16299: 16298: 16295: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16282: 16281: 16278: 16274: 16271: 16269: 16266: 16265: 16264: 16261: 16259: 16256: 16252: 16249: 16248: 16246: 16245: 16243: 16241: 16235: 16229: 16226: 16224: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16212: 16209: 16207: 16206:Neo-Theosophy 16204: 16203: 16202: 16199: 16197: 16194: 16192: 16189: 16187: 16184: 16182: 16179: 16175: 16172: 16171: 16170: 16167: 16165: 16162: 16160: 16157: 16155: 16152: 16150: 16147: 16145: 16144:New Acropolis 16142: 16140: 16137: 16135: 16132: 16130: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16120: 16117: 16116: 16114: 16110: 16107: 16105: 16097: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16069: 16068: 16066: 16062: 16050: 16047: 16045: 16042: 16040: 16037: 16035: 16032: 16030: 16027: 16025: 16022: 16020: 16017: 16015: 16012: 16010: 16007: 16005: 16002: 16000: 15997: 15995: 15992: 15990: 15987: 15985: 15982: 15978: 15975: 15973: 15970: 15968: 15965: 15964: 15963: 15960: 15959: 15958: 15956: 15952: 15951: 15946: 15943: 15942: 15941: 15938: 15936: 15933: 15931: 15928: 15926: 15923: 15921: 15918: 15916: 15913: 15911: 15908: 15906: 15903: 15901: 15898: 15896: 15893: 15891: 15888: 15886: 15883: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15873: 15871: 15868: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15849: 15846: 15844: 15841: 15840: 15839: 15836: 15834: 15831: 15829: 15826: 15824: 15821: 15820: 15818: 15816: 15810: 15802: 15799: 15798: 15797: 15794: 15793: 15791: 15789:North African 15787: 15784: 15782: 15776: 15770: 15767: 15765: 15762: 15760: 15757: 15755: 15752: 15750: 15747: 15745: 15742: 15740: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15717: 15715: 15712: 15711: 15709: 15707: 15703: 15697: 15694: 15692: 15689: 15687: 15684: 15682: 15679: 15678: 15676: 15674: 15670: 15666: 15660: 15657: 15655: 15652: 15650: 15647: 15645: 15642: 15640: 15637: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15613: 15610: 15608: 15605: 15603: 15600: 15598: 15595: 15594: 15593: 15590: 15588: 15585: 15583: 15580: 15578: 15575: 15573: 15572:Kwakwakaʼwakw 15570: 15568: 15565: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15551: 15548: 15546: 15543: 15541: 15538: 15537: 15536: 15533: 15531: 15528: 15526: 15523: 15521: 15518: 15516: 15513: 15511: 15508: 15506: 15503: 15501: 15498: 15496: 15493: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15481: 15479: 15476: 15475: 15474: 15471: 15469: 15466: 15464: 15461: 15459: 15456: 15455: 15453: 15451: 15445: 15439: 15436: 15434: 15431: 15427: 15424: 15422: 15419: 15418: 15417: 15414: 15410: 15407: 15406: 15405: 15402: 15400: 15397: 15395: 15392: 15390: 15387: 15383: 15380: 15378: 15375: 15374: 15372: 15368: 15365: 15363: 15360: 15359: 15358: 15355: 15353: 15350: 15349: 15347: 15345: 15341: 15335: 15332: 15331: 15329: 15327: 15326:Austroasiatic 15323: 15315: 15312: 15310: 15307: 15306: 15305: 15302: 15298: 15297:Vattisen Yaly 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15284: 15283: 15279: 15276: 15275: 15273: 15271: 15267: 15264: 15262: 15258: 15242: 15239: 15237: 15234: 15233: 15232: 15229: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15219: 15217: 15216:Kirat Mundhum 15214: 15212: 15209: 15205: 15202: 15200: 15197: 15196: 15195: 15192: 15190: 15187: 15185: 15182: 15181: 15179: 15175: 15169: 15168: 15164: 15162: 15159: 15155: 15152: 15151: 15150: 15147: 15143: 15140: 15138: 15135: 15133: 15129: 15125: 15122: 15121: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15111: 15109: 15107: 15103: 15097: 15096: 15092: 15090: 15087: 15085: 15082: 15080: 15077: 15075: 15072: 15070: 15067: 15065: 15062: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15050: 15048: 15045: 15043: 15040: 15038: 15035: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15020: 15019: 15018: 15015: 15011: 15008: 15006: 15003: 15001: 14998: 14996: 14993: 14991: 14988: 14986: 14983: 14981: 14978: 14976: 14973: 14971: 14968: 14967: 14966: 14963: 14962: 14960: 14958: 14954: 14951: 14949: 14945: 14935: 14932: 14930: 14927: 14925: 14922: 14920: 14917: 14915: 14912: 14911: 14909: 14907: 14903: 14897: 14894: 14892: 14889: 14887: 14884: 14883: 14881: 14879: 14875: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14852: 14851: 14847: 14846: 14845: 14842: 14841: 14839: 14837: 14833: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14816: 14815: 14812: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14799: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14774: 14772: 14770: 14766: 14763: 14761: 14757: 14754: 14752: 14748: 14734: 14731: 14729: 14726: 14724: 14721: 14720: 14718: 14714: 14708: 14705: 14703: 14700: 14698: 14695: 14693: 14690: 14689: 14687: 14685: 14681: 14675: 14672: 14670: 14667: 14665: 14662: 14661: 14659: 14657: 14653: 14650: 14648: 14644: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14609: 14606: 14604: 14601: 14600: 14598: 14594: 14588: 14587: 14583: 14581: 14578: 14576: 14575:Milah Abraham 14573: 14571: 14568: 14566: 14563: 14561: 14558: 14556: 14553: 14549: 14546: 14545: 14544: 14541: 14539: 14536: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14517: 14514: 14513: 14512: 14509: 14503: 14500: 14498: 14495: 14494: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14475: 14474: 14473: 14470: 14469: 14467: 14465: 14461: 14455: 14454: 14450: 14446: 14443: 14441: 14438: 14436: 14433: 14431: 14428: 14426: 14423: 14421: 14418: 14416: 14413: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14402: 14399: 14398: 14397: 14394: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14365: 14362: 14360: 14357: 14355: 14352: 14348: 14345: 14344: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14307: 14306: 14303: 14299: 14296: 14294: 14291: 14289: 14286: 14285: 14284: 14281: 14279: 14276: 14274: 14271: 14267: 14264: 14262: 14259: 14257: 14254: 14252: 14249: 14247: 14244: 14243: 14242: 14239: 14237: 14234: 14233: 14232: 14231:Protestantism 14229: 14225: 14222: 14220: 14216: 14213: 14212: 14211: 14208: 14204: 14201: 14199: 14196: 14195: 14194: 14191: 14189: 14186: 14182: 14179: 14178: 14177: 14174: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14161: 14160: 14157: 14156: 14154: 14152: 14148: 14142: 14141: 14137: 14135: 14132: 14130: 14127: 14125: 14122: 14120: 14117: 14115: 14112: 14110: 14107: 14105: 14102: 14096: 14093: 14092: 14091: 14088: 14084: 14081: 14080: 14079: 14076: 14075: 14074: 14071: 14070: 14068: 14066: 14062: 14059: 14057: 14053: 14050: 14048: 14044: 14040: 14036: 14031: 14027: 14023: 14016: 14011: 14009: 14004: 14002: 13997: 13996: 13993: 13981: 13973: 13971: 13967: 13963: 13962: 13959: 13953: 13952: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13936: 13933: 13931: 13928: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13918: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13897: 13895: 13891: 13881: 13878: 13877: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13831: 13829: 13826: 13824: 13823:Anthony Kenny 13821: 13819: 13816: 13814: 13811: 13809: 13806: 13805: 13803: 13795: 13789: 13786: 13784: 13781: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13748:Mircea Eliade 13746: 13744: 13741: 13740: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13719: 13717: 13714: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13702: 13699: 13697: 13694: 13692: 13689: 13688: 13686: 13680: 13674: 13671: 13669: 13666: 13664: 13661: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13649: 13646: 13644: 13641: 13639: 13636: 13635: 13632: 13631:William James 13629: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13611:Ernst Haeckel 13609: 13608: 13606: 13600: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13586: 13584: 13581: 13579: 13576: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13560: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13543: 13541: 13535: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13523:Immanuel Kant 13521: 13519: 13516: 13514: 13511: 13509: 13506: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13489: 13486: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13478:Blaise Pascal 13476: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13465: 13463: 13461: 13457: 13451: 13448: 13446: 13443: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13433: 13431: 13428: 13426: 13423: 13421: 13418: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13396: 13393: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 13377: 13375: 13373: 13368: 13364: 13361: 13356: 13349: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13335: 13333: 13330: 13328: 13325: 13323: 13320: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13310: 13309: 13307: 13305: 13301: 13295: 13292: 13290: 13287: 13285: 13282: 13280: 13279:Language game 13277: 13275: 13272: 13271: 13269: 13267: 13263: 13257: 13256: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13242: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13220: 13217: 13215: 13212: 13210: 13207: 13205: 13202: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13182: 13180: 13177: 13175: 13172: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13154: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13121: 13118: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13108: 13107: 13106: 13103: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13071: 13070: 13069: 13066: 13062: 13059: 13057: 13054: 13053: 13052: 13049: 13047: 13044: 13042: 13039: 13037: 13034: 13032: 13029: 13027: 13024: 13022: 13019: 13017: 13014: 13012: 13009: 13007: 13004: 13002: 12999: 12997: 12994: 12992: 12989: 12987: 12984: 12983: 12981: 12979: 12975: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12949:Occam's razor 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12906: 12904: 12900: 12894: 12891: 12887: 12884: 12882: 12879: 12878: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12869: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12859: 12857: 12854: 12852: 12849: 12847: 12844: 12842: 12839: 12837: 12834: 12832: 12829: 12827: 12824: 12822: 12819: 12817: 12814: 12810: 12807: 12805: 12802: 12801: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12794:Consciousness 12792: 12790: 12787: 12785: 12782: 12781: 12779: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12766: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12702: 12700: 12696: 12690: 12689:Unmoved mover 12687: 12685: 12684:Supreme Being 12682: 12680: 12677: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12636: 12633: 12630: 12628: 12624: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12595: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12581: 12577: 12576: 12575: 12572: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12562: 12561: 12559: 12555: 12551: 12544: 12539: 12537: 12532: 12530: 12525: 12524: 12521: 12509: 12508: 12504: 12502: 12501:Transcendence 12499: 12497: 12494: 12492: 12489: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12467: 12464: 12462: 12459: 12457: 12454: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12444: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12434: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12339: 12338: 12335: 12331: 12324: 12319: 12317: 12312: 12310: 12305: 12304: 12301: 12291: 12287: 12281: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12262: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12228: 12225: 12224: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12215: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12197: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12186: 12183: 12181: 12178: 12174: 12171: 12170: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12157: 12154: 12152: 12149: 12148: 12147: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12137: 12134: 12132: 12131:Kathenotheism 12129: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12095: 12092: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12077: 12076: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12064:Binitarianism 12062: 12058: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12046: 12043: 12041: 12038: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12022: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12001: 11998: 11994: 11993:Gender of God 11991: 11989: 11986: 11985: 11984: 11981: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11963: 11962: 11959: 11958: 11955: 11951: 11944: 11939: 11937: 11932: 11930: 11925: 11924: 11921: 11910: 11907: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11897: 11895: 11891: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11868: 11866: 11863: 11861: 11858: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11843: 11841: 11838: 11836: 11834: 11833:Organizations 11830: 11824: 11823: 11819: 11817: 11816: 11812: 11810: 11809: 11805: 11803: 11802: 11798: 11796: 11795: 11791: 11789: 11788: 11784: 11782: 11781: 11777: 11775: 11774: 11770: 11768: 11767: 11763: 11761: 11760: 11756: 11754: 11753: 11749: 11748: 11746: 11744: 11740: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11720: 11718: 11714: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11689: 11687: 11685: 11681: 11676: 11673: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11663: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11619: 11615: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11599: 11596: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11588:Secular state 11586: 11584: 11581: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11545: 11543: 11541: 11537: 11533: 11526: 11521: 11519: 11514: 11512: 11507: 11506: 11503: 11497: 11493: 11492:McGinn, Colin 11490: 11487: 11484: 11481: 11478: 11475: 11471: 11468: 11465: 11461: 11458: 11454: 11453: 11448: 11444: 11440: 11439: 11434: 11430: 11426: 11424: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11411: 11408: 11407: 11401: 11398: 11396: 11393: 11392: 11387: 11382: 11367: 11361: 11358:. NYU Press. 11357: 11352: 11348: 11342: 11338: 11333: 11331: 11327: 11325: 11321: 11317: 11313: 11309: 11303: 11298: 11297: 11290: 11288: 11284: 11281: 11277: 11273: 11269: 11263: 11258: 11257: 11251: 11247: 11243: 11237: 11233: 11228: 11216: 11212: 11208: 11203: 11201: 11197: 11193: 11189: 11177: 11173: 11167: 11163: 11162: 11156: 11152: 11148: 11143: 11131: 11127: 11121: 11117: 11116: 11111: 11107: 11095: 11091: 11085: 11081: 11080: 11074: 11062: 11058: 11054: 11050: 11046: 11042: 11038: 11032: 11028: 11023: 11019: 11013: 11009: 11008: 11003: 10999: 10995: 10989: 10985: 10980: 10978: 10974: 10971: 10967: 10966:McGinn, Colin 10964: 10960: 10954: 10950: 10945: 10941: 10935: 10931: 10926: 10914: 10910: 10909: 10903: 10899: 10893: 10889: 10885: 10881: 10869: 10865: 10859: 10855: 10854: 10848: 10844: 10840: 10836: 10832: 10828: 10824: 10819: 10815: 10809: 10804: 10803: 10796: 10792: 10786: 10782: 10778: 10777:Jacoby, Susan 10774: 10771: 10770: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10756: 10752: 10748: 10736: 10732: 10728: 10723: 10719: 10713: 10709: 10708: 10702: 10698: 10692: 10688: 10683: 10671: 10667: 10663: 10659: 10654: 10650: 10644: 10640: 10635: 10631: 10625: 10621: 10616: 10612: 10606: 10602: 10598: 10594: 10590: 10584: 10580: 10575: 10571: 10565: 10562:. Oxford UP. 10561: 10560: 10554: 10550: 10544: 10540: 10539: 10533: 10531: 10527: 10524: 10520: 10516: 10512: 10509: 10497: 10493: 10487: 10483: 10482: 10476: 10475: 10455: 10451: 10450: 10442: 10437: 10433: 10427: 10423: 10419: 10415: 10403: 10399: 10393: 10389: 10388: 10383: 10379: 10375: 10369: 10365: 10361: 10357: 10353: 10349: 10345: 10341: 10337: 10331: 10327: 10326: 10321: 10317: 10305: 10301: 10297: 10293: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10273: 10269: 10265: 10261: 10256: 10252: 10246: 10242: 10237: 10233: 10227: 10223: 10219: 10215: 10211: 10207: 10203: 10192: 10186: 10182: 10181: 10176: 10172: 10168: 10156: 10152: 10146: 10142: 10138: 10134: 10133: 10128: 10124: 10112: 10108: 10107: 10102: 10098: 10094: 10082: 10078: 10074: 10070: 10064: 10060: 10059: 10054: 10050: 10039: 10035: 10031: 10025: 10020: 10019: 10013: 10009: 9997: 9993: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9975: 9969: 9965: 9961: 9957: 9952: 9950: 9944: 9940: 9928: 9924: 9918: 9914: 9913: 9908: 9904: 9902: 9898: 9895: 9894:alternate URL 9882: 9878: 9874: 9870: 9866: 9865: 9860: 9856: 9852: 9840: 9836: 9832: 9828: 9822: 9818: 9817: 9812: 9808: 9804: 9802:9780393327656 9798: 9793: 9792: 9786: 9782: 9770: 9766: 9762: 9758: 9752: 9748: 9747: 9742: 9738: 9734: 9730: 9726: 9722: 9721:Flint, Robert 9718: 9714: 9710: 9706: 9702: 9696: 9692: 9691: 9686: 9685:Edwards, Paul 9682: 9670: 9666: 9660: 9656: 9655: 9650: 9646: 9642: 9638: 9634: 9630: 9626: 9622: 9616: 9611: 9610: 9604: 9600: 9596: 9590: 9586: 9582: 9578: 9574: 9568: 9564: 9560: 9556: 9549:September 22, 9544: 9540: 9536: 9532: 9528: 9524: 9523: 9502: 9498: 9494: 9490: 9486: 9482: 9478: 9474: 9467: 9451: 9447: 9443: 9439: 9435: 9431: 9427: 9423: 9419: 9415: 9408: 9392: 9388: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9370: 9366: 9362: 9358: 9354: 9347: 9331: 9327: 9323: 9319: 9315: 9311: 9307: 9303: 9296: 9277: 9273: 9269: 9265: 9261: 9254: 9246: 9230: 9226: 9222: 9218: 9214: 9210: 9206: 9202: 9195: 9187: 9183: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9159: 9155: 9151: 9147: 9143: 9139: 9133: 9114: 9110: 9103: 9096: 9088: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9060: 9056: 9052: 9045: 9037: 9033: 9029: 9025: 9018: 9011: 9010: 9005: 9001: 8998: 8992: 8984: 8978: 8962: 8958: 8954: 8947: 8939: 8935: 8931: 8927: 8926: 8921: 8920:Lynn, Richard 8915: 8913: 8896: 8892: 8888: 8881: 8870: 8866: 8859: 8857: 8855: 8838: 8834: 8830: 8826: 8822: 8818: 8814: 8810: 8806: 8802: 8795: 8779: 8775: 8771: 8765: 8754:September 11, 8749: 8745: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8715: 8711: 8703: 8696: 8692: 8689: 8684: 8682: 8665: 8661: 8655: 8653: 8651: 8642: 8636: 8620: 8616: 8612: 8605: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8575: 8559: 8555: 8551: 8545: 8529: 8525: 8521: 8515: 8499: 8495: 8491: 8485: 8466: 8462: 8455: 8448: 8441: 8437: 8434: 8429: 8413: 8409: 8405: 8399: 8397: 8385: 8378: 8372: 8356: 8352: 8346: 8330: 8326: 8322: 8316: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8286: 8270: 8266: 8262: 8256: 8254: 8252: 8231: 8227: 8223: 8219: 8218: 8210: 8204: 8185: 8178: 8177: 8170: 8159: 8152: 8146: 8130: 8126: 8122: 8118: 8112: 8108: 8107: 8099: 8080: 8073: 8066: 8055: 8051: 8047: 8040: 8034: 8015: 8008: 8002: 7986: 7982: 7981: 7976: 7970: 7954: 7950: 7944: 7937: 7933: 7932:Eric Kaufmann 7929: 7925: 7922: 7917: 7910: 7909:Eric Kaufmann 7906: 7902: 7899: 7894: 7878: 7874: 7870: 7864: 7862: 7853: 7847: 7831: 7825: 7809: 7805: 7801: 7795: 7776: 7772: 7765: 7758: 7751: 7746: 7730: 7726: 7725: 7724:New Statesman 7720: 7713: 7697: 7693: 7686: 7670: 7666: 7662: 7655: 7639: 7635: 7634: 7629: 7622: 7606: 7602: 7596: 7592: 7591: 7583: 7567: 7563: 7562: 7557: 7550: 7543: 7539: 7535: 7531: 7528: 7522: 7514: 7508: 7504: 7500: 7496: 7489: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7459: 7451: 7447: 7446: 7441: 7435: 7419: 7415: 7409: 7405: 7404: 7399: 7395: 7389: 7382: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7364: 7360: 7359:Richard Pipes 7355: 7349: 7345: 7342: 7338: 7332: 7325: 7324:Zdybicka 2005 7320: 7314:, p. 112 7313: 7299: 7295: 7289: 7285: 7281: 7274: 7267: 7253: 7249: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7228: 7221: 7217: 7216: 7211: 7205: 7189: 7185: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7170: 7165: 7159: 7143: 7139: 7133: 7129: 7128: 7120: 7104: 7100: 7099: 7094: 7088: 7079: 7063: 7056: 7049: 7043: 7027: 7023: 7022: 7017: 7011: 6995: 6991: 6985: 6969: 6962: 6956: 6952: 6949: 6945: 6939: 6923: 6919: 6913: 6904: 6888: 6884: 6878: 6874: 6873: 6865: 6856: 6840: 6836: 6830: 6826: 6825: 6817: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6794: 6787: 6786:Zdybicka 2005 6782: 6780: 6772: 6767: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6749: 6744: 6737: 6731: 6724: 6723:Stroumsa 1999 6720: 6714: 6706: 6700: 6696: 6689: 6682: 6681:0-7661-7290-2 6678: 6674: 6673: 6669: 6666: 6659: 6657: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6636: 6633:(27): 23–27. 6632: 6625: 6623: 6614: 6608: 6604: 6597: 6589: 6588: 6582: 6574: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6556: 6550: 6548: 6540: 6536: 6531: 6516: 6510: 6506: 6505: 6497: 6490: 6486: 6480: 6471: 6465: 6461: 6458: 6455: 6451: 6446: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6413: 6402:September 15, 6397: 6393: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6372: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6335: 6327: 6321: 6313: 6307: 6303: 6296: 6289: 6283: 6276: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6261: 6255: 6251: 6244: 6237: 6231: 6224: 6215: 6207: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6180: 6173: 6169: 6163: 6156: 6150: 6143: 6139: 6133: 6127: 6126:0-929524-89-6 6123: 6119: 6115: 6110: 6108: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6079: 6078:Against Apion 6074: 6069: 6062: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6045:, 18 105-125. 6044: 6038: 6030: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6010: 6008: 6006: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5989: 5983: 5979: 5978: 5970: 5968: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5960: 5952: 5947: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5912: 5905: 5899: 5892: 5891:0-691-01958-4 5888: 5884: 5878: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5856: 5848: 5842: 5838: 5837: 5829: 5813: 5809: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5755: 5751: 5745: 5741: 5740: 5732: 5730: 5722: 5710: 5706: 5700: 5696: 5695: 5687: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5664:(171): 1–19. 5663: 5659: 5652: 5636: 5632: 5631: 5626: 5620: 5604: 5600: 5594: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5571: 5555: 5551: 5545: 5538: 5536: 5530: 5524: 5520: 5515: 5514: 5513:New Religions 5505: 5498: 5493: 5487: 5483: 5482: 5474: 5467: 5463: 5457: 5453: 5446: 5430: 5426: 5420: 5416: 5415: 5410: 5402: 5395: 5391: 5388: 5383: 5376: 5371: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5341: 5334: 5322: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5307: 5302: 5298: 5292: 5285: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5255: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5234: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5197: 5189: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5156: 5149: 5144: 5135: 5129: 5125: 5124:Hitchens 2007 5121: 5117: 5113: 5108: 5101: 5096: 5089: 5084: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5062: 5055: 5050: 5043: 5039: 5033: 5018: 5014: 5013: 5008: 5002: 4995: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4968: 4964: 4957: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4925: 4918: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4900: 4896: 4891: 4875: 4871: 4864: 4856: 4854:9781479896875 4850: 4846: 4839: 4823: 4819: 4818: 4813: 4807: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4765: 4758: 4756: 4747: 4741: 4733: 4726: 4718: 4711: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4681: 4674: 4668: 4662: 4661: 4654: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4638: 4630: 4620: 4616: 4609: 4602: 4597: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4554: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4517: 4512: 4505: 4497: 4495:9780199644650 4491: 4487: 4480: 4478: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4446: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4415: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4384: 4378:, p. 19. 4377: 4376:Zdybicka 2005 4372: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4341: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4316:"Physicalism" 4310: 4302: 4296: 4292: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4273: 4269: 4264: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4242: 4238: 4233: 4225: 4223:9780877229438 4219: 4215: 4208: 4201: 4196: 4194: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4169: 4163: 4156: 4144: 4140: 4139: 4132: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4103: 4095: 4091: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4074: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4049: 4044: 4038: 4022: 4018: 4012: 4005: 4003: 3999: 3992: 3986: 3982: 3981: 3973: 3967:, p. 51. 3966: 3961: 3953: 3949: 3943: 3937:, p. 50. 3936: 3931: 3915: 3911: 3904: 3902: 3894: 3889: 3882: 3877: 3870: 3866: 3860: 3857:. Continuum. 3856: 3852: 3846: 3830: 3826: 3825: 3820: 3814: 3807: 3802: 3795: 3790: 3783: 3780:reprinted in 3777: 3775: 3768: 3764: 3763:Nagel, Ernest 3758: 3751: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3724: 3717: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3690: 3683: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3652: 3646:, p. 14. 3645: 3640: 3624: 3620: 3619: 3614: 3608: 3592: 3588: 3587: 3582: 3576: 3569: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3552: 3547: 3546: 3540: 3535: 3529: 3522: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3495: 3488: 3483: 3476: 3472: 3467: 3465: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3442: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3411: 3404: 3400: 3395: 3393: 3385: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3358: 3351: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3324: 3317: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3286: 3279: 3274: 3273: 3267: 3262: 3256: 3248: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3227: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3194: 3187: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3149: 3147: 3127: 3120: 3113: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3040: 3036: 3035: 3027: 3019: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2994: 2992: 2987: 2969: 2968: 2963: 2959: 2954: 2948: 2944: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2910: 2906: 2895: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2852: 2847: 2837: 2835: 2834:death anxiety 2831: 2826: 2817: 2812: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2786: 2784: 2778: 2776: 2769: 2764: 2758:United States 2755: 2753: 2749: 2739: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2708: 2700: 2691: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2637: 2632: 2631: 2626: 2618: 2614: 2609: 2599: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2538: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2513:Supreme Court 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2487:Leaders like 2485: 2483: 2479: 2478: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2453:Joseph Stalin 2450: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2396: 2392: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2352:rationalistic 2348: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2333:anti-clerical 2330: 2326: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2314:Immanuel Kant 2311: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2295: 2294: 2289: 2285: 2284: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2249: 2248: 2243: 2242:Denis Diderot 2239: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2220:Thomas Hobbes 2217: 2213: 2211: 2206: 2202: 2201:Etienne Dolet 2198: 2194: 2190: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2149: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2073:Islamic world 2070: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2030: 2025: 200 CE 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2004:philosophers 2003: 1999: 1988: 1984: 1982: 1981: 1976: 1965: 1961: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1949: 1945:' comic play 1944: 1932: 1924: 1917: 1916: 1911: 1907: 1901: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1877: 1872: 1868: 1867:Tim Whitmarsh 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1832: 1831:materialistic 1828: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1809: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1786: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1775:Purva Mimamsa 1772: 1767: 1763: 1758: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1699: 1688: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1647:creator deity 1644: 1638: 1634: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1567: 1565: 1564:José Saramago 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1529: 1528:José Saramago 1524: 1519: 1509: 1506: 1502: 1499:Philosophers 1497: 1495: 1494:false analogy 1491: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1463: 1458: 1457:Blaise Pascal 1454: 1450: 1446: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1418:nationalistic 1414: 1405: 1400: 1396: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1362:Sigmund Freud 1359: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1266:transcendence 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1208:David Wiggins 1205: 1204:James Griffin 1201: 1200:John McDowell 1195: 1193: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1160: 1156: 1153:According to 1151: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1098: 1096: 1095:globalization 1092: 1091:Abrahamic god 1089: 1085: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1055: 1054: 1048: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1031: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1010: 1003: 997: 990: 982: 976: 970: 963: 958: 957:ancient Greek 947: 945: 941: 935: 933: 929: 928: 923: 922: 915: 913: 909: 905: 901: 896: 889: 885: 881: 879: 875: 870: 866: 860: 850: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 825: 821: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 776: 771: 764: 760: 755: 748: 744: 739: 732: 728: 723: 718: 708: 706: 702: 692: 690: 686: 681: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 646: 644: 640: 634: 632: 628: 622: 620: 616: 612: 601: 596: 594: 589: 587: 582: 581: 579: 578: 572: 563: 560: 556: 551: 548: 539: 536: 532: 531: 530: 529: 518: 515: 514: 513: 512: 509: 506: 505: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 486: 485: 484: 481: 478: 477: 469: 468: 461: 460: 456: 454: 453: 449: 447: 446: 442: 440: 439: 435: 433: 432: 428: 426: 425: 421: 419: 418: 414: 413: 407: 406: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 379:Michel Onfray 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 324:Denis Diderot 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 291: 290: 289: 286: 283: 282: 274: 273: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 229:Occam's razor 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 172: 170: 162: 161: 154: 153:State atheism 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 124: 121: 119: 116: 115: 109: 108: 101: 98: 96: 93: 91: 88: 87: 81: 80: 73: 70: 68: 65: 63: 60: 59: 53: 52: 49: 46: 45: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 20279: 20262: 20245: 20228: 20211: 20194: 20182:from Commons 20177: 20160: 20139: 20117:Western Bloc 19917:AUSCANNZUKUS 19873:Contemporary 19822:Human rights 19781: 19668:Latin Church 19642:Christianity 19592: 19551:Conservatism 19396:contemporary 19233:Architecture 19169:World War II 19129:Emancipation 19124:Abolitionism 19012:Romanization 19007:Roman legacy 18988:Roman Empire 18303:Turkmenistan 18263:Saudi Arabia 18008:South Africa 17998:Sierra Leone 17803:Burkina Faso 17712:Names of God 17659:Unaffiliated 17618: 17614:Antireligion 17475:Universalism 17423:Assimilation 17288:Anthropology 17163:Supernatural 17158:Spirituality 17126:Sacred space 17114:Purification 16987:Denomination 16941: / 16771:Paleo-Balkan 16737:Mesopotamian 16577:Cook Islands 16548:Old Prussian 16461:UFO religion 16400: 16396:Zalmoxianism 16324:Neoshamanism 16181:Spiritualism 16064:Other ethnic 15953: 15779:Traditional 15739:Bongthingism 15592:Mesoamerican 15344:Austronesian 15165: 15161:Neo-Buddhism 15093: 15089:Neo-Hinduism 15010:Swaminarayan 14848: 14797:Salvationist 14782:Confucianism 14633:Samaritanism 14603:Ali-Illahism 14584: 14451: 14445:Unitarianism 14386:Old Catholic 14193:Nestorianism 14151:Christianity 14138: 14104:Conservative 13949: 13768:Martin Lings 13721:Emil Brunner 13711:Paul Tillich 13701:Martin Buber 13616:W K Clifford 13593:Afrikan Spir 13508:Thomas Chubb 13460:Early modern 13440:Adi Shankara 13353:Philosophers 13337:Natural evil 13253: 13229:Spiritualism 13204:Perennialism 13157:Metaphysical 13005: 13001:Antireligion 12876:Teleological 12799:Cosmological 12750:Baháʼí Faith 12715:Christianity 12674:Personal god 12505: 12431:Neoplatonism 12365: 12361:Antireligion 12274:Unitarianism 12244:Spiritualism 12019: 11870:Humanists UK 11820: 11813: 11806: 11799: 11792: 11785: 11778: 11771: 11764: 11757: 11750: 11625:Demographics 11617: 11548:Antireligion 11482:at bbc.co.uk 11463: 11450: 11436: 11385: 11355: 11336: 11329: 11315: 11295: 11275: 11255: 11231: 11221:November 24, 11219:. Retrieved 11210: 11191: 11180:. Retrieved 11176:the original 11160: 11150: 11146: 11134:. Retrieved 11114: 11110:Oppy, Graham 11098:. Retrieved 11078: 11065:. Retrieved 11056: 11052: 11045:Obbink, Dirk 11026: 11006: 11002:Nielsen, Kai 10983: 10948: 10929: 10917:. Retrieved 10913:the original 10907: 10887: 10884:Mackie, J.L. 10872:. Retrieved 10852: 10829:(3): 70–87. 10826: 10822: 10801: 10780: 10767: 10750: 10739:. Retrieved 10735:the original 10730: 10706: 10686: 10674:. Retrieved 10670:the original 10665: 10661: 10638: 10619: 10600: 10597:Flew, Antony 10578: 10558: 10537: 10518: 10515:Annie Besant 10500:. Retrieved 10480: 10458:. Retrieved 10448: 10421: 10406:. Retrieved 10402:the original 10386: 10363: 10324: 10308:. Retrieved 10263: 10240: 10221: 10209: 10194:. Retrieved 10178: 10159:. Retrieved 10131: 10127:Oppy, Graham 10117:November 25, 10115:. Retrieved 10104: 10097:Nielsen, Kai 10087:November 25, 10085:. Retrieved 10057: 10041:. Retrieved 10017: 10000:. Retrieved 9989: 9973: 9948: 9931:. Retrieved 9911: 9887:November 21, 9885:. Retrieved 9868: 9864:Free Inquiry 9862: 9843:. Retrieved 9815: 9790: 9773:. Retrieved 9745: 9724: 9712: 9709:Flew, Antony 9688: 9673:. Retrieved 9653: 9640: 9608: 9584: 9562: 9547:. Retrieved 9538: 9505:. Retrieved 9480: 9476: 9466: 9454:. Retrieved 9421: 9417: 9407: 9395:. Retrieved 9378:1887/3307612 9360: 9356: 9346: 9334:. Retrieved 9309: 9305: 9295: 9283:. Retrieved 9263: 9259: 9245: 9233:. Retrieved 9208: 9204: 9194: 9149: 9145: 9132: 9120:. Retrieved 9108: 9095: 9058: 9054: 9044: 9027: 9023: 9017: 9007: 8991: 8965:. Retrieved 8956: 8946: 8929: 8925:Intelligence 8923: 8899:. Retrieved 8890: 8880: 8868: 8864: 8841:. Retrieved 8808: 8804: 8794: 8782:. Retrieved 8773: 8764: 8752:. Retrieved 8735:10138/246517 8717: 8713: 8702: 8668:. Retrieved 8623:. Retrieved 8614: 8604: 8594:December 16, 8592:. Retrieved 8583: 8574: 8562:. Retrieved 8544: 8532:. Retrieved 8523: 8514: 8502:. Retrieved 8493: 8484: 8472:. Retrieved 8460: 8447: 8428: 8416:. Retrieved 8407: 8384:the original 8371: 8359:. Retrieved 8345: 8335:November 28, 8333:. Retrieved 8324: 8315: 8303:. Retrieved 8294: 8285: 8273:. Retrieved 8264: 8237:, retrieved 8230:the original 8215: 8203: 8191:. Retrieved 8184:the original 8175: 8169: 8158:the original 8145: 8133:. Retrieved 8105: 8098: 8088:February 26, 8086:. Retrieved 8065: 8054:the original 8033: 8023:February 27, 8021:. Retrieved 8014:the original 8001: 7989:. Retrieved 7978: 7969: 7957:. Retrieved 7953:the original 7943: 7935: 7916: 7893: 7883:November 21, 7881:. Retrieved 7872: 7834:. Retrieved 7824: 7812:. Retrieved 7803: 7794: 7784:November 21, 7782:. Retrieved 7775:the original 7770: 7757: 7750:Stenger 2009 7745: 7735:February 13, 7733:. Retrieved 7722: 7712: 7700:. Retrieved 7685: 7675:November 21, 7673:. Retrieved 7654: 7642:. Retrieved 7631: 7621: 7609:. Retrieved 7589: 7582: 7572:November 10, 7570:. Retrieved 7559: 7549: 7541: 7521: 7498: 7488: 7476:. Retrieved 7467: 7458: 7450:the original 7443: 7434: 7422:. Retrieved 7402: 7388: 7378: 7370: 7362: 7354: 7336: 7331: 7326:, p. 16 7319: 7302:. Retrieved 7283: 7273: 7256:. Retrieved 7237: 7227: 7214: 7204: 7192:. Retrieved 7168: 7164:Law, Stephen 7158: 7146:. Retrieved 7126: 7119: 7107:. Retrieved 7096: 7087: 7078: 7066:. Retrieved 7055: 7047: 7042: 7030:. Retrieved 7020: 7010: 6998:. Retrieved 6994:the original 6984: 6972:. Retrieved 6961: 6943: 6938: 6928:November 26, 6926:. Retrieved 6912: 6903: 6891:. Retrieved 6871: 6864: 6855: 6843:. Retrieved 6823: 6816: 6799: 6793: 6770: 6766: 6758: 6743: 6735: 6730: 6719:Adamson 2021 6713: 6694: 6688: 6663: 6630: 6602: 6596: 6585: 6573: 6565: 6538: 6530: 6518:. Retrieved 6503: 6496: 6488: 6484: 6479: 6470: 6453: 6445: 6438:Hymn to Zeus 6437: 6412: 6400:. Retrieved 6381: 6371: 6361:November 10, 6359:. Retrieved 6350: 6325: 6320: 6301: 6295: 6281: 6249: 6243: 6229: 6223: 6214: 6189: 6185: 6179: 6171: 6167: 6162: 6154: 6149: 6141: 6137: 6132: 6117: 6113: 6098: 6093:, II 12-14; 6086: 6076: 6068: 6058: 6050: 6042: 6037: 6018: 5976: 5951:Baggini 2003 5946: 5921: 5917: 5911: 5903: 5898: 5882: 5877: 5864: 5855: 5835: 5828: 5818:February 20, 5816:. Retrieved 5797: 5758:. Retrieved 5738: 5720: 5713:. Retrieved 5693: 5686: 5661: 5657: 5651: 5639:. Retrieved 5635:the original 5629: 5619: 5607:. Retrieved 5593: 5584: 5581:New Humanist 5580: 5570: 5558:. Retrieved 5544: 5534: 5532: 5512: 5504: 5495: 5480: 5473: 5465: 5451: 5445: 5433:. Retrieved 5413: 5401: 5382: 5375:Dawkins 2006 5370: 5358:. Retrieved 5340: 5331: 5324:. Retrieved 5305: 5291: 5283: 5276:. Retrieved 5272:the original 5254: 5237: 5231: 5207: 5203: 5196: 5169: 5165: 5155: 5148:Harris 2006a 5143: 5134: 5128:Russell 1957 5120:Dawkins 2006 5107: 5102:, p. 43 5100:Baggini 2003 5095: 5090:, p. 40 5088:Baggini 2003 5083: 5070: 5067:Susan Neiman 5061: 5056:, p. 38 5054:Baggini 2003 5049: 5041: 5032: 5016: 5010: 5001: 4991: 4983: 4971:. Retrieved 4956: 4944:. Retrieved 4935: 4924: 4914: 4906: 4890: 4880:November 21, 4878:. Retrieved 4863: 4844: 4838: 4828:November 21, 4826:. Retrieved 4817:The Guardian 4815: 4806: 4794:. Retrieved 4787:the original 4774: 4770: 4734:. Cambridge. 4731: 4725: 4716: 4710: 4698:. Retrieved 4680: 4672: 4667: 4658: 4653: 4645: 4634: 4629: 4619:the original 4608: 4596: 4584:. Retrieved 4567: 4563: 4553: 4541:. Retrieved 4514: 4504: 4485: 4464:. Retrieved 4455: 4445: 4433:. Retrieved 4424: 4421:"Naturalism" 4414: 4402:. Retrieved 4393: 4383: 4371: 4359:. Retrieved 4350: 4340: 4328:. Retrieved 4319: 4309: 4290: 4271: 4263: 4255: 4232: 4213: 4207: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4167: 4166:Rendered as 4162: 4154: 4149:November 21, 4147:, retrieved 4137: 4131: 4123: 4111: 4102: 4093: 4088: 4078: 4077:Rendered as 4073: 4061:. Retrieved 4047: 4037: 4027:November 21, 4025:. Retrieved 4011: 4001: 3997: 3994: 3979: 3972: 3960: 3951: 3942: 3935:Dawkins 2006 3930: 3918:. Retrieved 3893:Baggini 2003 3888: 3881:Baggini 2003 3876: 3868: 3854: 3845: 3835:November 26, 3833:. Retrieved 3822: 3813: 3801: 3789: 3781: 3773: 3770: 3766: 3757: 3749: 3742:. Retrieved 3723: 3715: 3708:. Retrieved 3689: 3680: 3673:. Retrieved 3651: 3639: 3627:. Retrieved 3617: 3607: 3595:. Retrieved 3584: 3575: 3549: 3543: 3528: 3519: 3514:December 15, 3512:. Retrieved 3503: 3494: 3487:Nielsen 2013 3482: 3455: 3451: 3432: 3417: 3410: 3383: 3376:. Retrieved 3357: 3349: 3342:. Retrieved 3323: 3314: 3307:. Retrieved 3285: 3276: 3270: 3255: 3236: 3231:Stenger 2007 3226: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3192: 3186: 3174:. Retrieved 3161: 3133:. Retrieved 3112: 3100:. Retrieved 3087: 3061:. Retrieved 3033: 3026: 2999: 2965: 2962:polytheistic 2957: 2952: 2947: 2913:Antireligion 2885: 2881: 2877: 2868:Nigel Barber 2857: 2822: 2792: 2779: 2772: 2745: 2725: 2709: 2705: 2640: 2628: 2624: 2622: 2602:Demographics 2569: 2541:21st century 2520: 2486: 2475: 2473: 2446: 2442:J.J.C. Smart 2438:J.N. Findlay 2399: 2386:20th century 2356:freethinking 2349: 2322: 2298: 2291: 2281: 2275: 2262:, and other 2253: 2247:Encyclopédie 2245: 2232:Jean Meslier 2214: 2209: 2186: 2150: 2119: 2113: 2066: 2053:Theodosius I 2040:Roman Empire 2033: 2016:philosopher 1985: 1978: 1957: 1953:David Sedley 1946: 1943:Aristophanes 1929: 1922: 1913: 1898: 1874: 1835: 1816:pre-Socratic 1813: 1805: 1761: 1759: 1734: 1728: 1704:Vedic period 1701: 1640: 1621:Soviet Union 1609:witch trials 1605:inquisitions 1598: 1579: 1568: 1533: 1501:Susan Neiman 1498: 1479: 1460: 1442: 1438:ethnocentric 1411:Sociologist 1410: 1356:Philosopher 1355: 1317: 1308: 1278: 1254:omnipresence 1246:immutability 1238:personal god 1235: 1196: 1164: 1123: 1119: 1109: 1088:monotheistic 1083: 1082: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1046: 1044: 975:privative ἀ- 954: 942:" or a "non- 937: 925: 918: 916: 900:J.J.C. Smart 892: 862: 846: 839:Ernest Nagel 834: 830: 829: 811:supernatural 802: 790: 786: 782: 780: 774: 769: 762: 758: 753: 746: 742: 737: 700: 698: 685:parsimonious 682: 674:be falsified 647: 635: 610: 609: 457: 450: 443: 436: 429: 422: 415: 389:Peter Singer 369:Jean Meslier 309:Albert Camus 47: 36: 20162:Definitions 20057:Open Balkan 19875:integration 19805:Rule of law 19800:Natural law 19777:Agnosticism 19755:Hellenistic 19733:Anglo-Saxon 19663:Catholicism 19602:Atlanticism 19507:Rationalism 19313:Immigration 19296:Esotericism 19154:World War I 19119:Romanticism 19099:Reformation 19079:Renaissance 19057:Middle Ages 19022:Christendom 18951:Foundations 18754:New Zealand 18691:Saint Lucia 18641:El Salvador 18546:Switzerland 18481:Netherlands 18253:Philippines 18181:South Korea 18176:North Korea 18066:Afghanistan 18013:South Sudan 17903:Ivory Coast 17687:Deification 17634:Objectivism 17609:Agnosticism 17567:Persecution 17557:Video games 17522:Populations 17433:Proselytism 17401:Monasticism 17392:Clericalism 17382:Agriculture 17373:and society 17338:Soteriology 17298:Comparative 17268:Transtheism 17253:Panentheism 17037:Monasticism 16830:Gallo-Roman 16754:Micronesian 16720:Manichaeism 16668:Hermeticism 16636:Continental 16631:Anglo-Saxon 16511:Paleolithic 16506:Prehistoric 16456:Scientology 16319:Italo-Roman 16174:Radha Soami 16154:New Thought 15994:Espiritismo 15935:Waaqeffanna 15875:Fon and Ewe 15813:Sub-Saharan 15696:Satsana Phi 15473:Californian 15463:Anishinaabe 15394:Karo Pemena 15373:Indonesian 15047:Lingayatism 14995:Mahanubhava 14965:Vaishnavism 14896:Jeungsanism 14819:Folk Taoism 14802:Xiantiandao 14656:Zoroastrian 14315:Charismatic 14310:Pentecostal 14273:Anglicanism 14224:Waldensians 14159:Catholicism 13788:Antony Flew 13773:Peter Geach 13706:René Guénon 13653:Lev Shestov 13648:Rudolf Otto 13355:of religion 13194:Panentheism 13127:Inclusivism 13046:Exclusivism 13041:Esotericism 13011:Creationism 12991:Agnosticism 12959:Poor design 12954:Omnipotence 12881:Natural law 12856:Ontological 12809:Contingency 12659:Holy Spirit 12461:Panentheism 12441:New Thought 12386:Esotericism 12351:Agnosticism 12259:Transtheism 12222:Physitheism 12190:Panentheism 12185:Open theism 12173:Post-theism 12050:New Atheism 11684:Agnosticism 11563:Freethought 11153:(1): 32–37. 11067:February 1, 10502:October 30, 9968:Hume, David 9943:Hume, David 9933:October 30, 9855:Harris, Sam 9845:October 30, 9811:Harris, Sam 9785:Harris, Sam 9675:October 30, 9603:Barker, Dan 8891:LiveScience 8871:(2): 31–33. 8784:January 23, 8720:(8): 0151. 8670:February 8, 8534:December 6, 8504:December 6, 8275:November 7, 7312:Martin 2006 7266:Martin 2006 7000:November 4, 6970:. Gazeta,pl 6948:online here 6893:October 19, 6788:, p. 4 6434:Callimachus 6288:Martin 2006 6236:Martin 2006 6144:. 10.50–53. 6136:Sext. Emp. 5587:(2): 13–15. 5326:October 18, 5260:Harris, Sam 5116:Harris 2006 5112:Harris 2005 4946:October 22, 4268:Ayer, A. J. 3965:Harris 2006 3774:philosophic 3744:October 24, 3710:October 24, 3675:October 24, 3657:Paul Draper 3568:Martin 2006 3471:Barker 2008 3448:Martin 2006 3418:Agnosticism 3401:, pp. 3399:Martin 1990 3378:October 24, 3344:October 24, 3309:October 24, 3291:Paul Draper 3207:AGNOSTICISM 2742:Australasia 2732:North Korea 2686:(10%), and 2672:Netherlands 2664:South Korea 2654:(31%), the 2592:creationist 2564:Julia Galef 2547:New Atheism 2376:Stephen Law 2193:Reformation 2153:Renaissance 2142:Waldensians 2122:Middle Ages 2067:During the 2002:Hellenistic 1915:Bellerophon 1906:Bellerophon 1876:Bellerophon 1766:materialism 1643:irreligious 1490:divine laws 1469:, or that " 1453:meaningless 1426:antisemitic 1258:omnipotence 1250:omniscience 1192:Graham Oppy 1175:physicalism 1171:materialism 1126:ontological 973:, from the 865:Antony Flew 843:Graham Oppy 727:weak/strong 705:agnosticism 571:WikiProject 494:Freethought 489:Agnosticism 304:Mario Bunge 244:Poor design 100:New Atheism 20213:Quotations 20077:Rio Treaty 19588:Relativism 19546:Liberalism 19512:Empiricism 19464:Philosophy 19452:Secularism 19403:Philosophy 19340:Literature 19134:Capitalism 18744:Micronesia 18621:Costa Rica 18516:San Marino 18476:Montenegro 18456:Luxembourg 18313:Uzbekistan 18288:Tajikistan 18193:Kyrgyzstan 18166:Kazakhstan 18116:East Timor 18086:Bangladesh 18076:Azerbaijan 17993:Seychelles 17958:Mozambique 17943:Mauritania 17928:Madagascar 17818:Cape Verde 17600:irreligion 17595:Secularism 17502:Minorities 17470:Toleration 17465:Syncretism 17450:Fanaticism 17440:Disability 17428:Missionary 17418:Conversion 17406:Ordination 17328:Psychology 17323:Philosophy 17263:Polytheism 17243:Monotheism 17238:Henotheism 17079:Orthopraxy 17069:Ordination 17032:Meditation 17027:Indigenous 16992:Entheogens 16977:Conversion 16742:Babylonian 16732:Melanesian 16658:Gnosticism 16543:Lithuanian 16436:Fourth Way 16290:Circassian 16268:Dievturība 16191:Tensegrity 16124:Falun Gong 15769:Sanamahism 15749:Donyi-Polo 15416:Polynesian 15362:Kaharingan 15287:Burkhanism 15226:Ravidassia 15204:Śvetāmbara 14990:Pushtimarg 14970:Krishnaism 14906:Vietnamese 14891:Cheondoism 14824:Yao Taoism 14760:East Asian 14526:Isma'ilism 14482:Maturidism 14261:Mennonites 14256:Hutterites 14241:Anabaptism 14134:Humanistic 13758:J L Mackie 13716:Karl Barth 13513:David Hume 13435:Maimonides 13420:Heraclitus 13209:Polytheism 13179:Nondualism 13167:Humanistic 13152:Naturalism 13142:Monotheism 13100:Henotheism 13095:Gnosticism 13026:Demonology 12909:747 gambit 12826:Experience 12664:Misotheism 12486:Shramanism 12466:Polytheism 12446:Nondualism 12421:Monotheism 12401:Henotheism 12396:Gnosticism 12341:Abrahamism 12234:Polytheism 12227:Euhemerism 12205:Hylotheism 12146:Monotheism 12121:Henotheism 12116:Misotheism 12010:Antitheism 11675:Antitheism 11598:Secularity 11593:Secularism 11540:Irreligion 11532:Irreligion 11414:PhilPapers 11136:August 13, 10874:August 13, 9954:. London. 9775:August 13, 9741:Flynn, Tom 9424:: 102939. 9109:MPRA Paper 8418:January 7, 8239:August 14, 7959:August 28, 7424:August 13, 6808:B004VX3Z6S 6520:October 9, 6422:Lactantius 6347:"Epicurus" 6174:32, 16-32. 5865:Quartz.com 5658:Philosophy 5435:August 13, 5396:Sam Harris 5228:Also see: 5007:Dostoevsky 4988:Smith 1979 4895:Smith 1979 4637:Abhidharma 4635:Sheath of 4456:PhilPapers 3644:Smith 1979 3618:Good Sense 3473:, p. 3427:, p. 3425:Flynn 2007 3199:Flynn 2007 3176:October 2, 3135:October 2, 3102:October 2, 2978:References 2809:See also: 2795:Arab world 2789:Arab world 2572:Sam Harris 2461:Mao Zedong 2430:John Dewey 2422:naturalism 2380:secularism 2310:empiricism 2306:David Hume 2187:Historian 2134:nominalist 2104:apologists 2100:al-Maʿarri 2096: 865 2077:Golden Age 2044:Roman gods 2014:Pyrrhonist 1948:The Clouds 1931:Protagoras 1881:A fragment 1837:Anaxagoras 1827:Democritus 1785:in India. 1544:Sam Harris 1516:See also: 1422:prejudiced 1393:See also: 1328:Vasubandhu 1314:David Hume 1288:omnipotent 1284:omniscient 1280:Theodicean 1187:Naturalism 1155:naturalism 1135:A. J. Ayer 1115:David Hume 1111:Skepticism 1040:Hellenists 940:astrologer 932:Sam Harris 695:Definition 676:, and the 658:secularism 480:Irreligion 339:Sam Harris 143:Secularism 67:Naturalism 20264:Resources 20247:Textbooks 20022:Five Eyes 20017:EU–UK TCA 19859:Democracy 19748:Old Norse 19637:Abrahamic 19594:Peritrope 19576:Tolerance 19556:Socialism 19386:Mythology 19374:Classical 19323:Languages 19301:Astrology 19149:Modernism 18963:Old World 18862:Venezuela 18807:Argentina 18724:Australia 18676:Nicaragua 18651:Guatemala 18451:Lithuania 18273:Sri Lanka 18268:Singapore 18248:Palestine 18136:Indonesia 18126:Hong Kong 17948:Mauritius 17669:Overviews 17624:Criticism 17572:Terrorism 17547:Theocracy 17492:Happiness 17460:Pluralism 17445:Education 17371:Religion 17343:Salvation 17333:Sociology 17278:Religious 17258:Pantheism 17248:Nontheism 17141:Mountains 17119:Sacrifice 17074:Orthodoxy 17064:Mythology 17059:Mysticism 16948:Behaviour 16857:Canaanite 16840:Mithraism 16725:Mazdakism 16700:Hungarian 16673:Mysteries 16582:Dravidian 16364:Hungarian 16280:Caucasian 16251:Godianism 16211:Agni Yoga 16201:Theosophy 16164:Rastafari 16139:Modekngei 16119:Brahmoism 16112:Syncretic 16104:movements 16102:religious 16014:Quimbanda 15962:Candomblé 15955:Diasporic 15734:Bathouism 15724:Benzhuism 15649:Tsimshian 15619:Midewiwin 15612:Purépecha 15540:Longhouse 15468:Blackfoot 15399:Malaysian 15389:Kapitayan 15199:Digambara 15184:Ayyavazhi 15149:Vajrayana 15114:Theravada 15027:Ganapatya 15000:Ramanandi 14929:Hoahaoism 14807:Yiguandao 14702:Yarsanism 14697:Shabakism 14684:Yazdânism 14674:Zurvanism 14669:Mazdaznan 14628:Rastafari 14623:Mandaeism 14497:Wahhabism 14477:Ash'arism 14440:Tolstoyan 14430:Spiritual 14420:Mormonism 14391:Judaizers 14364:Quakerism 14342:Methodist 14332:Irvingism 14283:Calvinism 14236:Adventism 14219:Moravians 14056:Abrahamic 13858:Loyal Rue 13583:Karl Marx 13405:Gaudapada 13234:Shamanism 13199:Pantheism 13184:Nontheism 13162:Religious 13147:Mysticism 13120:Christian 13110:Religious 13061:Atheistic 13056:Christian 12939:Nonbelief 12924:Free will 12740:Mormonism 12564:Afterlife 12481:Shamanism 12456:Pantheism 12426:Mysticism 12416:Monolatry 12406:Immanence 12269:Tritheism 12195:Pantheism 12168:Nontheism 12163:Mysticism 12141:Monolatry 12111:Egotheism 12106:Dystheism 12094:Polydeism 12015:Apatheism 11988:Existence 11733:Humanists 11728:Agnostics 11707:Apatheism 11650:Criticism 11447:"Atheism" 10919:April 15, 10843:145640287 10441:"Atheism" 10300:1874-6691 10175:"Atheism" 10101:"Atheism" 10077:22379448M 9979:. London. 9877:0272-0701 9835:25353925M 9819:. Knopf. 9629:24313839M 9446:208768799 9387:242996508 9363:: 83–93. 9326:233804304 9225:247911367 9111:(68451). 8932:: 11–15. 8901:March 24, 8833:145425706 8825:1948-5506 8625:March 10, 8125:22379448M 7991:April 29, 7814:April 27, 7702:March 16, 7109:April 23, 7068:August 1, 6974:March 28, 6418:Patristic 6186:Phronesis 5786:"Atheism" 5678:170899306 4740:cite book 4601:Hume 1779 4533:1354-814X 4466:April 13, 4435:April 14, 4404:April 13, 4361:April 14, 4330:April 14, 4239:(1998). " 4200:Hume 1748 4079:Atheistes 4063:April 23, 4017:"atheist" 3806:Flew 1976 3794:Oppy 2018 3696:"Atheism" 3500:"Atheism" 3433:knowledge 3330:"Atheism" 3063:April 18, 3053:25285702M 2983:Citations 2918:Apatheism 2684:Australia 2474:In 1966, 2455:, and in 2364:Karl Marx 2299:Although 1987:Euhemerus 1910:Euripides 1893:Euripides 1798:Lucretius 1747:heterodox 1655:atheistic 1586:dogmatism 1571:Karl Marx 1366:Karl Marx 1300:suffering 1101:Arguments 1045:The term 955:In early 951:Etymology 944:alchemist 919:theistic 895:religious 847:innocents 807:spiritual 364:Karl Marx 224:Nonbelief 197:Free will 165:Arguments 20294:Category 20082:Schengen 20012:Eurozone 19852:Property 19847:Religion 19738:Frankish 19728:Germanic 19708:Paganism 19629:Religion 19617:European 19529:Humanism 19432:Religion 19391:Painting 19357:Internet 19308:Folklore 19279:Clothing 19250:Calendar 19226:Cyrillic 19211:Alphabet 19174:Cold War 18888:Category 18852:Suriname 18842:Paraguay 18827:Colombia 18734:Kiribati 18661:Honduras 18631:Dominica 18606:Barbados 18571:Scotland 18531:Slovenia 18526:Slovakia 18501:Portugal 18371:Bulgaria 18293:Thailand 18243:Pakistan 18223:Mongolia 18218:Maldives 18213:Malaysia 18101:Cambodia 18048:Zimbabwe 18023:Tanzania 17873:Ethiopia 17868:Eswatini 17848:Djibouti 17813:Cameroon 17798:Botswana 17742:Timeline 17737:Scholars 17697:Founders 17562:Violence 17517:Politics 17387:Business 17350:Theology 17094:Prophecy 17084:Paganism 16972:Covenant 16939:Apostasy 16874:Scythian 16815:Rapa Nui 16791:Thracian 16786:Illyrian 16776:Albanian 16747:Sumerian 16690:Harappan 16626:Germanic 16621:Georgian 16614:Selk'nam 16599:Etruscan 16587:Egyptian 16565:Druidism 16528:Armenian 16451:Satanism 16431:Eckankar 16354:Estonian 16339:Romanian 16329:Ossetian 16309:Germanic 16258:Armenian 16247:African 16240:paganism 16169:Sant Mat 16159:Rajneesh 16134:Meivazhi 16129:Japanese 16086:Siberian 16019:Santería 15989:Convince 15855:Bushongo 15759:Kiratism 15686:Hmongism 15567:Jivaroan 15535:Iroquois 15525:Ho-Chunk 15495:Cherokee 15450:American 15421:Hawaiian 15334:Sarnaism 15304:Tungusic 15292:Tengrism 15282:Mongolic 15211:Sarnaism 15142:Nichiren 15119:Mahayana 15106:Buddhism 15084:Sant Mat 15074:Sauraism 15069:Smartism 15064:Shaktism 15057:Balinese 15042:Kaumaram 15037:Kapalika 15032:Kashmiri 15017:Shaivism 14957:Hinduism 14924:Caodaism 14868:Ryukyuan 14863:Tenrikyo 14858:Shugendō 14836:Japanese 14707:Yazidism 14692:Ishikism 14570:Quranism 14543:Khawarij 14492:Salafism 14487:Atharism 14376:Esoteric 14347:Holiness 14337:Lutheran 14298:Reformed 14278:Baptists 14251:Brethren 14215:Hussites 14203:Assyrian 14119:Haymanot 14073:Orthodox 14022:Religion 13980:Category 13925:Religion 13915:Exegesis 13400:Boethius 13395:Averroes 13390:Avicenna 13372:medieval 13342:Theodicy 13189:Pandeism 13105:Humanism 13073:Thealogy 13016:Dharmism 12986:Acosmism 12978:Theology 12846:Morality 12841:Miracles 12720:Hinduism 12710:Buddhism 12669:Pandeism 12644:Demiurge 12612:Theodicy 12451:Pandeism 12376:Dharmism 12346:Acosmism 12089:Pandeism 11966:Divinity 11723:Atheists 11630:Religion 11283:Archived 11252:(1999). 11215:Archived 11182:April 9, 11130:Archived 11112:(2006). 11100:April 9, 11094:Archived 11061:Archived 11047:(1989). 11004:(1985). 10973:Archived 10968:(2010). 10886:(1982). 10868:Archived 10779:(2004). 10741:April 9, 10676:April 9, 10599:(2005). 10526:Archived 10496:Archived 10460:April 9, 10454:Archived 10420:(1999). 10408:July 23, 10362:(2007). 10352:4401616M 10344:79002726 10322:(1979). 10304:Archived 10208:(1957). 10196:April 9, 10173:(1998). 10155:Archived 10129:(2018). 10111:Archived 10099:(2013). 10081:Archived 10043:April 9, 10038:8110936M 10014:(1990). 10002:April 8, 9996:Archived 9970:(1748). 9960:7145748M 9945:(1779). 9927:Archived 9909:(2007). 9897:Archived 9881:Archived 9839:Archived 9787:(2005). 9769:Archived 9765:8851140M 9733:7193167M 9723:(1903). 9711:(1976). 9669:Archived 9651:(2006). 9605:(2008). 9583:(2003). 9561:(1999). 9543:Archived 9529:(2021). 9507:April 6, 9501:Archived 9497:55892851 9456:April 6, 9450:Archived 9438:31805479 9397:April 6, 9391:Archived 9336:April 6, 9330:Archived 9285:April 6, 9276:Archived 9235:April 6, 9229:Archived 9186:27054566 9146:PLOS ONE 9122:July 20, 9113:Archived 9087:29312057 9000:Archived 8977:cite web 8961:Archived 8895:Archived 8843:March 4, 8837:Archived 8778:Archived 8748:Archived 8744:45851307 8691:Archived 8664:Archived 8635:cite web 8619:Archived 8588:Archived 8558:Archived 8528:Archived 8498:Archived 8474:July 19, 8465:Archived 8463:. NORC. 8436:Archived 8412:Archived 8355:Archived 8329:Archived 8325:Stats NZ 8305:April 9, 8299:Archived 8269:Archived 8193:April 9, 8135:April 9, 8129:Archived 8079:Archived 7985:Archived 7924:Archived 7901:Archived 7877:Archived 7846:cite web 7836:April 9, 7808:Archived 7729:Archived 7696:Archived 7669:Archived 7644:June 30, 7638:Archived 7611:July 23, 7605:Archived 7566:Archived 7530:Archived 7478:July 13, 7472:Archived 7418:Archived 7396:(2014). 7344:Archived 7304:April 9, 7298:Archived 7258:April 9, 7252:Archived 7212:(1896). 7194:June 28, 7188:Archived 7166:(2011). 7148:April 9, 7142:Archived 7103:Archived 7032:April 7, 7026:Archived 7018:(1770). 6951:Archived 6922:Archived 6887:Archived 6845:March 3, 6839:Archived 6751:Archived 6668:Archived 6558:Archived 6485:Lucullus 6483:Cicero, 6460:Archived 6450:Plutarch 6430:Diodorus 6396:Archived 6355:Archived 6083:Plutarch 6055:Irenaeus 6017:(1985). 5869:Archived 5812:Archived 5760:April 9, 5754:Archived 5715:April 9, 5709:Archived 5641:April 9, 5627:(1967). 5609:April 9, 5603:Archived 5560:April 9, 5554:Archived 5429:Archived 5390:Archived 5360:April 9, 5354:Archived 5303:(2010). 5278:April 9, 5268:Truthdig 5262:(2005). 5188:16924349 5044:, A811). 4973:April 9, 4967:Archived 4940:Archived 4913:(1669). 4874:Archived 4822:Archived 4700:April 9, 4694:Archived 4688:(1916). 4624:dukkha." 4580:Archived 4537:Archived 4460:Archived 4429:Archived 4398:Archived 4355:Archived 4324:Archived 4270:(1946). 4244:Archived 4175:(1581). 4143:archived 4120:55193813 4110:(1577). 4086:(1571). 4057:Archived 4045:(1566). 4021:Archived 3998:atheotēs 3950:(1678). 3920:April 9, 3914:Archived 3829:Archived 3738:Archived 3704:Archived 3669:Archived 3629:April 7, 3623:Archived 3615:(1772). 3597:April 9, 3591:Archived 3521:systems. 3508:Archived 3372:Archived 3338:Archived 3303:Archived 3170:Archived 3156:(1996). 3126:Archived 3096:Archived 3057:Archived 2891:See also 2566:in 2015. 2501:Brahmins 2497:Hinduism 2436:such as 2424:such as 2418:feminism 2414:humanism 2341:Jacobins 2301:Voltaire 2055:in 381, 1998:Plutarch 1980:ataraxia 1964:Epicurus 1903:— 1885:Sisyphus 1841:Irenaeus 1825:such as 1823:Atomists 1783:Buddhism 1735:Lokāyata 1731:Chārvāka 1716:orthodox 1706:and the 1675:Buddhism 1667:Hinduism 1651:Neopagan 1601:Crusades 1560:Voltaire 1434:dogmatic 1378:Voltaire 1310:Epicurus 1179:idealism 1076:athéisme 1016:atheotēs 921:innatism 662:evidence 547:Category 56:Concepts 20300:Atheism 20140:Atheism 19927:Benelux 19832:Thought 19782:Atheism 19723:Finnish 19699:Culture 19694:Judaism 19656:Eastern 19652:Western 19647:Culture 19581:Paradox 19447:Decline 19408:Science 19284:History 19272:Studies 19255:Cuisine 19243:Periods 19203:Culture 19032:History 18998:Eastern 18993:Western 18944:culture 18857:Uruguay 18832:Ecuador 18812:Bolivia 18789:Vanuatu 18716:Oceania 18666:Jamaica 18646:Grenada 18601:Bahamas 18561:England 18551:Ukraine 18506:Romania 18466:Moldova 18426:Ireland 18421:Iceland 18416:Hungary 18406:Germany 18396:Finland 18391:Estonia 18386:Denmark 18381:Czechia 18376:Croatia 18361:Belgium 18356:Belarus 18351:Austria 18346:Andorra 18341:Albania 18318:Vietnam 18228:Myanmar 18203:Lebanon 18121:Georgia 18081:Bahrain 18071:Armenia 18033:Tunisia 18003:Somalia 17988:Senegal 17973:Nigeria 17963:Namibia 17953:Morocco 17918:Liberia 17913:Lesotho 17863:Eritrea 17833:Comoros 17808:Burundi 17783:Algeria 17727:Outline 17692:Deities 17619:Atheism 17537:Science 17455:Freedom 17313:History 17280:studies 17233:Dualism 17223:Animism 17188:Worship 17168:Symbols 17109:Liturgy 17022:Goddess 16982:Deities 16963:Laicism 16953:Beliefs 16932:Aspects 16904:Zapotec 16899:Vainakh 16867:Yahwism 16852:Semitic 16803:Iranian 16705:Hurrian 16695:Hittite 16685:Guanche 16678:Orphism 16609:Fuegian 16604:Finnish 16592:Atenism 16538:Latvian 16523:Arabian 16466:Raëlism 16446:Jediism 16441:Goddess 16414:De novo 16302:Druidry 16196:Thelema 16149:New Age 16034:Umbanda 15925:Tumbuka 15910:Odinala 15895:Lugbara 15815:African 15781:African 15729:Bimoism 15719:Burmese 15587:Mapuche 15560:Wyandot 15515:Guarani 15505:Choctaw 15500:Chilote 15458:Abenaki 15409:Tagalog 15382:Kejawèn 15231:Sikhism 15194:Jainism 15154:Tibetan 15137:Amidism 15005:Warkari 14919:Đạo Mẫu 14769:Chinese 14751:Eastern 14728:Roshani 14647:Iranian 14555:Alevism 14548:Ibadism 14521:Zaydism 14198:Ancient 14169:Eastern 14129:Renewal 14114:Karaite 14095:Zionist 14083:Hasidic 14065:Judaism 14047:Western 13951:more... 13684:postwar 13367:Ancient 13255:more... 13174:New Age 13115:Secular 13085:Fideism 13036:Dualism 13006:Atheism 12996:Animism 12902:Against 12745:Sikhism 12735:Judaism 12730:Jainism 12639:Brahman 12592:Miracle 12436:New Age 12381:Dualism 12366:Atheism 12356:Animism 12126:Ietsism 12020:Atheism 12005:Animism 11971:Goddess 11635:History 11618:Atheism 11470:Atheism 11431:(ed.). 11421:at the 11419:Atheism 11410:Atheism 11386:Atheism 10310:May 29, 10161:June 9, 9537:(ed.). 9519:Sources 9177:4824409 9154:Bibcode 9078:5742220 8967:May 14, 8564:May 12, 8361:May 23, 8220:, 383, 7694:. CNN. 6206:4182561 5938:1397540 5224:1385749 4916:Pensées 4796:June 8, 4168:Athisme 3452:entails 3403:467–468 3203:ATHEISM 2967:adevism 2958:atheism 2953:atheism 2734:(71%), 2688:Ireland 2682:(10%), 2680:Iceland 2678:(10%), 2676:Austria 2674:(14%), 2670:(15%), 2668:Germany 2666:(15%), 2662:(29%), 2658:(30%), 2650:(47%), 2625:atheism 2402:Marxism 2138:essence 1889:Critias 1839:, whom 1779:Jainism 1724:Mimamsa 1720:Samkhya 1681:History 1671:Jainism 1526:Author 1462:Pensées 1316:in his 1270:justice 1183:dualism 1084:Atheism 1067:atheism 1063:Atheist 1059:atheism 1047:atheist 1009:ἀθεότης 934:wrote: 874:entails 783:atheism 773:on the 757:on the 741:on the 701:atheism 650:science 619:deities 611:Atheism 535:Outline 112:Society 84:History 48:Atheism 18:Atheist 19947:CANZUK 19837:Speech 19765:Slavic 19743:Gothic 19718:Celtic 19713:Baltic 19612:Values 19413:Values 18973:Greece 18898:Portal 18837:Guyana 18817:Brazil 18784:Tuvalu 18681:Panama 18671:Mexico 18616:Canada 18611:Belize 18541:Sweden 18521:Serbia 18511:Russia 18496:Poland 18491:Norway 18471:Monaco 18441:Latvia 18436:Kosovo 18411:Greece 18401:France 18333:Europe 18298:Turkey 18283:Taiwan 18188:Kuwait 18161:Jordan 18151:Israel 18111:Cyprus 18096:Brunei 18091:Bhutan 18043:Zambia 18038:Uganda 17978:Rwanda 17933:Malawi 17893:Guinea 17883:Gambia 17788:Angola 17775:Africa 17584:Wealth 17532:Schism 17487:Growth 17411:Priest 17396:Clergy 17215:Theism 17198:Nature 17193:Astral 17136:Groves 17104:Ritual 17089:Prayer 17047:Novice 16997:Ethnic 16922:Topics 16894:Urartu 16889:Tongan 16884:Somali 16879:Slavic 16781:Dacian 16560:Celtic 16555:Basque 16533:Baltic 16384:Udmurt 16349:Uralic 16344:Slavic 16297:Celtic 16285:Abkhaz 16273:Romuva 16263:Baltic 16238:Modern 16081:Papuan 16044:Voodoo 15999:Kumina 15940:Yoruba 15930:Urhobo 15900:Maasai 15885:Lotuko 15833:Baluba 15823:Akamba 15796:Berber 15754:Heraka 15744:Dongba 15644:Pawnee 15634:Navajo 15624:Muisca 15582:Lenape 15577:Lakota 15555:Seneca 15483:Ohlone 15448:Native 15314:Manchu 15309:Evenki 15270:Altaic 15261:Ethnic 15236:Khalsa 15189:Kalash 15079:Śrauta 14948:Indian 14878:Korean 14844:Shinto 14814:Taoism 14787:Luoism 14613:Baháʼí 14608:Bábism 14560:Ahmadi 14538:Sufism 14531:Alawis 14181:Church 14109:Reform 14090:Modern 14078:Haredi 13970:Portal 13244:Theism 13137:Monism 12871:Reason 12821:Desire 12816:Degree 12784:Beauty 12698:God in 12654:Egoism 12607:Spirit 12496:Theism 12411:Monism 12249:Theism 11716:People 11692:Strong 11474:Curlie 11383:about 11362: 11343: 11322: 11304: 11264: 11238: 11198: 11168: 11122: 11086: 11033: 11014: 10990: 10955: 10936: 10894: 10860: 10841: 10810: 10787: 10757: 10714: 10693: 10645: 10626: 10607: 10585: 10566: 10545: 10488: 10428: 10394: 10370: 10350: 10342: 10332: 10298: 10288: 10268:Leiden 10247: 10228: 10187: 10147: 10075: 10065: 10036: 10026: 9976: 9958: 9951: 9919: 9875: 9833: 9823: 9799: 9763: 9753: 9731: 9697: 9661: 9627: 9617: 9591: 9569: 9495: 9444: 9436: 9385: 9324: 9223: 9184: 9174: 9085: 9075: 8831: 8823: 8742: 8123: 8113: 8046:Gallup 7597: 7509: 7410: 7290: 7244: 7180: 7134: 6879: 6831: 6806: 6701: 6679: 6647:649759 6645: 6609: 6511: 6388: 6308: 6256: 6204: 6124: 6025: 5984: 5936: 5889: 5843: 5804: 5746: 5701: 5676: 5525: 5488: 5458: 5421: 5317: 5222: 5186: 4851: 4586:May 1, 4543:May 1, 4531: 4492: 4297: 4220: 4118: 4002:átheos 3987: 3861: 3243: 3219:gnosis 3051: 3041: 3014: 2694:Europe 2660:France 2619:, 2010 2582:, and 2459:under 2312:, and 2175:, and 2071:, the 2057:heresy 1900:words! 1858:Cicero 1850:Athens 1673:, and 1611:, and 1546:, and 1430:racist 1350:, and 1304:hidden 1290:, and 1272:, and 1230:, and 1206:, and 1167:monism 1159:nature 1071:French 1030:átheos 1021:Cicero 1002:átheos 996:asebēs 989:ἀσεβής 962:átheos 803:theism 738:purple 668:, the 664:, the 627:theism 615:belief 277:People 20230:Texts 20179:Media 20102:USMCA 19957:CEFTA 19912:AUKUS 19902:ANZUS 19897:ANZUK 19842:Press 19760:Roman 19425:Sport 19369:Chant 19364:Music 19352:Media 19345:Canon 19291:Dance 19221:Latin 19216:Greek 19062:early 18822:Chile 18779:Tonga 18769:Samoa 18759:Palau 18749:Nauru 18656:Haiti 18576:Wales 18536:Spain 18461:Malta 18431:Italy 18323:Yemen 18278:Syria 18258:Qatar 18233:Nepal 18208:Macau 18171:Korea 18156:Japan 18131:India 18106:China 18018:Sudan 17968:Niger 17923:Libya 17908:Kenya 17888:Ghana 17878:Gabon 17853:Egypt 17793:Benin 17702:Index 17673:lists 17542:State 17360:Women 17228:Deism 17203:Place 17183:Water 17178:Truth 17146:Trees 17002:Faith 16967:Laity 16862:Punic 16820:Roman 16808:Vedic 16766:Olmec 16653:Greek 16646:Norse 16570:Irish 16391:Wicca 16186:Subud 16076:Inuit 16049:Winti 16039:Vodou 16004:Obeah 15984:Comfa 15967:Bantu 15920:Serer 15905:Mbuti 15865:Dogon 15860:Dinka 15843:Kongo 15838:Bantu 15764:Qiang 15607:Olmec 15597:Aztec 15520:Haida 15478:Miwok 15426:Māori 15357:Dayak 15278:Turko 15241:Sects 15177:Other 15132:Thiền 14716:Other 14618:Druze 14596:Other 14472:Sunni 14464:Islam 14246:Amish 14164:Latin 13239:Taoic 13021:Deism 12804:Kalam 12755:Wicca 12725:Islam 12574:Faith 12491:Taoic 12371:Deism 12074:Deism 11961:Deity 11743:Books 11640:State 10839:S2CID 10444:(PDF) 9871:(3). 9533:. In 9493:S2CID 9442:S2CID 9383:S2CID 9322:S2CID 9279:(PDF) 9256:(PDF) 9221:S2CID 9116:(PDF) 9105:(PDF) 8829:S2CID 8740:S2CID 8468:(PDF) 8457:(PDF) 8387:(PDF) 8380:(PDF) 8233:(PDF) 8212:(PDF) 8187:(PDF) 8180:(PDF) 8161:(PDF) 8154:(PDF) 8082:(PDF) 8075:(PDF) 8057:(PDF) 8050:Red C 8042:(PDF) 8017:(PDF) 8010:(PDF) 7778:(PDF) 7767:(PDF) 7503:31–33 7220:41ff. 6643:JSTOR 6202:JSTOR 5934:JSTOR 5788:. In 5674:S2CID 5497:God). 5452:Human 5220:JSTOR 4790:(PDF) 4767:(PDF) 4179:[ 3456:might 3215:theos 3129:(PDF) 3122:(PDF) 2939:Notes 2799:Cairo 2736:Japan 2652:Japan 2648:China 2505:caste 2493:India 2197:Deism 2124:(see 1802:atoms 1751:Vedas 1739:India 1274:mercy 1053:athée 1025:Latin 969:ἄθεος 813:, or 799:pagan 787:deity 759:right 743:right 410:Books 20281:Data 20196:News 20062:OSCE 20042:NATO 19987:EFTA 19952:CBSS 19937:BSEC 19827:Life 19379:Folk 19260:Diet 19072:late 19067:high 18983:Rome 18942:and 18847:Peru 18729:Fiji 18626:Cuba 18238:Oman 18198:Laos 18146:Iraq 18141:Iran 18058:Asia 18028:Togo 17938:Mali 17828:Chad 17671:and 17598:and 17173:Text 17153:Soul 17042:Monk 17007:Fire 16710:Inca 16518:Ainu 16402:list 16379:Sámi 16009:Palo 15977:Ketu 15972:Jejé 15890:Lozi 15870:Efik 15848:Zulu 15828:Akan 15681:Ahom 15673:Miao 15671:and 15659:Zuni 15602:Maya 15530:Hopi 15510:Crow 15488:Pomo 15167:list 15124:Chan 15095:list 15052:Nath 14850:list 14586:list 14511:Shia 14453:list 14140:list 13801:2010 13799:1990 13797:1970 13682:1920 13604:1900 13602:1880 13539:1850 13537:1800 12929:Hell 12919:Evil 12836:Love 12602:Soul 12507:more 11976:List 11697:Weak 11360:ISBN 11341:ISBN 11320:ISBN 11302:ISBN 11262:ISBN 11236:ISBN 11223:2013 11196:ISBN 11184:2011 11166:ISBN 11138:2015 11120:ISBN 11102:2011 11084:ISBN 11069:2023 11031:ISBN 11012:ISBN 10988:ISBN 10953:ISBN 10934:ISBN 10921:2013 10892:ISBN 10876:2015 10858:ISBN 10808:ISBN 10785:ISBN 10755:ISBN 10743:2011 10712:ISBN 10691:ISBN 10678:2011 10643:ISBN 10624:ISBN 10605:ISBN 10583:ISBN 10564:ISBN 10543:ISBN 10504:2020 10486:ISBN 10462:2011 10426:ISBN 10410:2009 10392:ISBN 10368:ISBN 10340:LCCN 10330:ISBN 10312:2021 10296:ISSN 10286:ISBN 10245:ISBN 10226:ISBN 10198:2011 10185:ISBN 10163:2018 10145:ISBN 10119:2013 10089:2013 10063:ISBN 10045:2011 10024:ISBN 10004:2011 9935:2020 9917:ISBN 9889:2013 9873:ISSN 9847:2020 9821:ISBN 9797:ISBN 9777:2015 9751:ISBN 9695:ISBN 9677:2020 9659:ISBN 9615:ISBN 9589:ISBN 9567:ISBN 9551:2021 9509:2022 9458:2022 9434:PMID 9399:2022 9338:2022 9287:2022 9237:2022 9182:PMID 9124:2020 9083:PMID 8983:link 8969:2024 8903:2020 8845:2021 8821:ISSN 8786:2018 8756:2018 8672:2016 8641:link 8627:2024 8596:2017 8584:PRRI 8566:2015 8536:2017 8506:2017 8476:2015 8420:2016 8363:2023 8337:2023 8307:2023 8277:2014 8241:2013 8195:2011 8137:2011 8111:ISBN 8090:2021 8025:2018 7993:2015 7961:2012 7885:2013 7852:link 7838:2011 7816:2020 7786:2013 7737:2012 7704:2010 7677:2013 7646:2013 7613:2009 7595:ISBN 7574:2013 7507:ISBN 7480:2022 7468:Time 7445:Time 7426:2015 7408:ISBN 7306:2011 7288:ISBN 7260:2011 7242:ISBN 7196:2017 7178:ISBN 7150:2011 7132:ISBN 7111:2024 7070:2024 7034:2011 7002:2011 6976:2024 6930:2013 6895:2022 6877:ISBN 6847:2023 6829:ISBN 6804:ASIN 6699:ISBN 6677:ISBN 6607:ISBN 6522:2020 6509:ISBN 6424:and 6404:2018 6386:ISBN 6363:2013 6306:ISBN 6254:ISBN 6172:BICS 6168:TrGF 6142:Math 6122:ISBN 6023:ISBN 5982:ISBN 5887:ISBN 5841:ISBN 5820:2018 5802:ISBN 5762:2011 5744:ISBN 5717:2011 5699:ISBN 5643:2011 5611:2011 5562:2011 5523:ISBN 5486:ISBN 5456:ISBN 5437:2015 5419:ISBN 5362:2011 5328:2007 5315:ISBN 5280:2011 5184:PMID 5038:Kant 5036:For 4975:2011 4948:2014 4882:2013 4849:ISBN 4830:2013 4798:2015 4746:link 4702:2011 4588:2021 4545:2021 4529:ISSN 4490:ISBN 4468:2021 4437:2021 4406:2021 4363:2021 4332:2021 4295:ISBN 4218:ISBN 4151:2013 4116:OCLC 4065:2017 4029:2013 3985:ISBN 3922:2011 3859:ISBN 3837:2013 3746:2021 3712:2021 3677:2021 3631:2011 3599:2011 3516:2011 3380:2021 3346:2021 3311:2021 3241:ISBN 3205:and 3178:2012 3137:2012 3104:2012 3065:2012 3039:ISBN 3012:ISBN 2722:Asia 2562:and 2499:and 2477:Time 2451:and 2440:and 2428:and 2416:and 2382:'". 2366:and 2354:and 2151:The 2008:and 1923:TrGF 1891:and 1860:and 1781:and 1773:and 1733:(or 1661:and 1635:and 1592:and 1584:and 1503:and 1397:and 1368:and 1298:and 1296:evil 1137:and 1038:and 981:θεός 867:and 789:and 775:left 770:blue 754:blue 729:and 656:and 20052:OAS 19997:ESA 19992:EPC 19982:EEA 19887:AER 19792:Law 19770:Neo 19318:Law 19238:Art 17577:War 17052:Nun 17017:God 16100:New 15945:Ifá 15915:San 15714:Bon 15669:Tai 15654:Ute 15128:Zen 14792:Nuo 13369:and 12777:For 12578:or 11950:God 11645:New 11472:at 11412:at 10831:doi 10276:doi 10137:doi 9485:doi 9426:doi 9422:202 9373:hdl 9365:doi 9314:doi 9268:doi 9213:doi 9172:PMC 9162:doi 9073:PMC 9063:doi 9032:doi 9028:111 8934:doi 8813:doi 8730:hdl 8722:doi 7980:NPR 7930:by 7907:by 7536:". 7310:in 7264:in 6635:doi 6564:". 6286:in 6234:in 6194:doi 6138:Pyr 5926:doi 5666:doi 5585:110 5535:God 5519:115 5242:doi 5212:doi 5174:doi 5009:'s 5005:In 4993:sic 4779:doi 4572:doi 4521:doi 4250:". 3423:in 3197:in 3004:doi 2290:'s 1925:1-5 1657:or 791:god 680:. 623:are 20296:: 20027:G7 20002:EU 17394:/ 16965:/ 15880:Ik 15691:Mo 11494:, 11462:. 11449:. 11435:. 11151:21 11149:. 11128:. 11092:. 11057:30 11055:. 11051:. 10866:. 10837:. 10827:25 10825:. 10729:. 10664:. 10660:. 10513:, 10494:. 10348:OL 10346:. 10338:. 10302:. 10294:. 10284:. 10270:: 10153:. 10143:. 10109:. 10103:. 10079:. 10073:OL 10071:. 10034:OL 10032:. 9994:. 9988:. 9956:OL 9925:. 9879:. 9869:26 9867:. 9861:. 9837:. 9831:OL 9829:. 9767:. 9761:OL 9759:. 9729:OL 9667:. 9625:OL 9623:. 9541:. 9499:. 9491:. 9481:24 9479:. 9475:. 9448:. 9440:. 9432:. 9420:. 9416:. 9389:. 9381:. 9371:. 9361:15 9359:. 9355:. 9328:. 9320:. 9310:12 9308:. 9304:. 9274:. 9264:13 9262:. 9258:. 9227:. 9219:. 9209:14 9207:. 9203:. 9180:. 9170:. 9160:. 9150:11 9148:. 9144:. 9107:. 9081:. 9071:. 9057:. 9053:. 9026:. 9006:. 8979:}} 8975:{{ 8959:. 8955:. 8930:37 8928:. 8911:^ 8889:. 8869:44 8867:. 8853:^ 8835:. 8827:. 8819:. 8807:. 8803:. 8772:. 8746:. 8738:. 8728:. 8716:. 8712:. 8680:^ 8649:^ 8637:}} 8633:{{ 8617:. 8613:. 8586:. 8582:. 8552:. 8526:. 8522:. 8492:. 8459:. 8406:. 8395:^ 8353:. 8327:. 8323:. 8297:. 8293:. 8263:. 8250:^ 8224:: 8214:, 8127:. 8121:OL 8119:. 8048:– 8044:. 7977:. 7934:, 7871:. 7860:^ 7848:}} 7844:{{ 7802:. 7769:. 7727:. 7721:. 7667:. 7663:. 7636:. 7630:. 7603:. 7564:. 7558:. 7540:, 7505:. 7466:. 7442:. 7416:. 7377:; 7361:; 7296:. 7282:. 7250:. 7236:. 7186:. 7176:. 7174:23 7140:. 7101:. 7095:. 6920:. 6885:. 6837:. 6778:^ 6675:. 6655:^ 6641:. 6621:^ 6584:. 6546:^ 6537:, 6457:23 6452:, 6440:8. 6436:, 6394:. 6353:. 6349:. 6333:^ 6268:^ 6200:. 6190:42 6188:. 6106:^ 6097:. 6085:. 6075:. 6057:. 5996:^ 5958:^ 5932:. 5922:16 5920:. 5863:. 5810:. 5792:; 5770:^ 5752:. 5728:^ 5719:. 5707:. 5672:. 5662:45 5660:. 5583:. 5579:. 5531:. 5521:. 5494:. 5464:. 5427:. 5411:. 5348:. 5330:. 5313:. 5309:. 5299:; 5282:. 5266:. 5236:. 5218:. 5208:16 5206:. 5182:. 5170:28 5168:. 5164:. 5126:, 5122:, 5118:, 5114:, 4965:. 4938:. 4934:. 4901:." 4872:. 4814:. 4773:. 4769:. 4754:^ 4742:}} 4738:{{ 4578:. 4568:44 4566:. 4562:. 4535:. 4527:. 4513:. 4476:^ 4454:. 4423:. 4392:. 4349:. 4318:. 4279:^ 4254:, 4192:^ 4170:: 4153:, 4141:, 4122:. 4081:: 4055:. 4053:49 3993:. 3900:^ 3867:. 3821:. 3748:. 3736:. 3732:. 3714:. 3702:. 3698:. 3679:. 3667:. 3663:. 3659:. 3621:. 3583:. 3558:^ 3542:. 3518:. 3502:. 3475:96 3463:^ 3440:^ 3429:34 3391:^ 3382:. 3370:. 3366:. 3348:. 3336:. 3332:. 3313:. 3301:. 3297:. 3293:. 3269:. 3168:. 3164:. 3160:. 3145:^ 3124:. 3094:. 3090:. 3086:. 3073:^ 3055:. 3049:OL 3047:. 3010:. 2990:^ 2860:IQ 2836:. 2574:, 2558:, 2537:. 2412:, 2408:, 2404:, 2320:. 2266:. 2258:, 2234:. 2212:. 2179:. 2171:, 2167:, 2093:c. 2022:c. 1991:c. 1968:c. 1936:c. 1919:c. 1912:' 1879:. 1677:. 1669:, 1607:, 1603:, 1558:, 1554:, 1542:, 1538:, 1436:, 1432:, 1428:, 1424:, 1420:, 1346:, 1334:. 1326:. 1286:, 1276:. 1264:, 1260:, 1256:, 1252:, 1248:, 1226:, 1202:, 1181:, 1157:, 977:+ 930:, 809:, 652:, 633:. 20148:: 19654:/ 18932:e 18925:t 18918:v 15957:: 15280:- 15130:/ 15126:/ 14403:/ 14217:/ 14014:e 14007:t 14000:v 12542:e 12535:t 12528:v 12322:e 12315:t 12308:v 11942:e 11935:t 11928:v 11524:e 11517:t 11510:v 11466:. 11455:. 11441:. 11368:. 11349:. 11310:. 11270:. 11244:. 11225:. 11186:. 11140:. 11104:. 11071:. 11039:. 11020:. 10996:. 10961:. 10942:. 10923:. 10900:. 10878:. 10845:. 10833:: 10816:. 10793:. 10745:. 10720:. 10699:. 10680:. 10666:3 10651:. 10632:. 10613:. 10591:. 10572:. 10551:. 10506:. 10464:. 10434:. 10412:. 10376:. 10354:. 10314:. 10278:: 10253:. 10234:. 10200:. 10165:. 10139:: 10121:. 10091:. 10047:. 10006:. 9962:. 9937:. 9891:. 9849:. 9805:. 9779:. 9735:. 9703:. 9679:. 9631:. 9597:. 9575:. 9553:. 9511:. 9487:: 9460:. 9428:: 9401:. 9375:: 9367:: 9340:. 9316:: 9289:. 9270:: 9239:. 9215:: 9188:. 9164:: 9156:: 9126:. 9089:. 9065:: 9059:8 9038:. 9034:: 8985:) 8971:. 8940:. 8936:: 8905:. 8847:. 8815:: 8809:6 8788:. 8758:. 8732:: 8724:: 8718:1 8674:. 8643:) 8629:. 8598:. 8568:. 8538:. 8508:. 8478:. 8422:. 8365:. 8339:. 8309:. 8279:. 8197:. 8139:. 8092:. 8027:. 7995:. 7963:. 7887:. 7854:) 7840:. 7818:. 7788:. 7752:. 7739:. 7706:. 7679:. 7648:. 7615:. 7576:. 7515:. 7482:. 7428:. 7308:. 7262:. 7198:. 7152:. 7113:. 7072:. 7036:. 7004:. 6978:. 6932:. 6897:. 6849:. 6810:. 6725:. 6707:. 6683:. 6649:. 6637:: 6615:. 6524:. 6406:. 6365:. 6314:. 6284:, 6262:. 6232:, 6208:. 6196:: 6031:. 5990:. 5940:. 5928:: 5893:. 5849:. 5822:. 5764:. 5680:. 5668:: 5645:. 5613:. 5564:. 5439:. 5364:. 5248:. 5244:: 5238:2 5226:. 5214:: 5190:. 5176:: 5150:. 5027:" 5025:' 5021:" 4977:. 4950:. 4884:. 4857:. 4832:. 4800:. 4781:: 4775:3 4748:) 4704:. 4640:( 4603:. 4590:. 4574:: 4547:. 4523:: 4498:. 4470:. 4439:. 4408:. 4365:. 4334:. 4303:. 4226:. 4067:. 4031:. 3954:. 3924:. 3839:. 3633:. 3601:. 3570:. 3249:. 3211:a 3195:, 3180:. 3139:. 3106:. 3067:. 3020:. 3006:: 2828:" 2250:. 2091:( 2020:( 1989:( 1966:( 1013:( 993:( 965:( 599:e 592:t 585:v 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.