Religious pluralism

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codification and separation during British efforts to catalog different Indic philosophies. . Moreover, Hinduism itself is the oldest major religion, explaining a relative lack of antipathy towards specifiable religious traditions – and so the Hindu religion has no theological difficulties in accepting degrees of truth in other religions. From a Vedantic perspective, Swami Bhaskarananda argues that Hinduism emphasizes that everyone actually worships the same God, whether one knows it or not. In the 8th sutra of the Pratyabhijñahrdyam, the Indian philosopher Ksemaraja says that all the siddhantas or theses of all the darsanas (schools of thought) are just the different aspects of the one Atman. It being all-pervading and all-inclusive, from matter to consciousness to nothingness, all are its aspects or its different roles. The

2969:, may be interpreted as promoting the fundamental right to practice an individual's belief. However, the acceptability of religious pluralism within Islam remains a topic of active debate, though the vast majority of Islamic scholars and historical evidences reveal Islam's commitment to no coercion in religion, supporting pluralism in the context of relative toleration. Hamed Kazemzadeh, a pluralist orientalist, argues that cultural absolutism of ours is, of course, today under heavy pressure, a double pressure of defining and semi-bankrupt imperialism and surprisingly strong counter assertive challenge that changed the mentality of Muslims to have a pluralist identity. Then he highlights the policy method of Islam Messenger in the early Islamic civilization toward other religions. 2488:#851, quoting 1 Tim. 2:4) but has not sent the opportunity of Christian conversion to all, how can we not conclude that God wills those good Buddhists in this latter category to live, flourish, and die as good Buddhists? That God in His providence—at least for now—wants Buddhism to be the setting for millions of good and noble people in the world? (This does not mean that Catholics should not witness to the Catholic faith or even—on the proper occasions and in a courteous way—consider it their duty to preach Catholicism to Buddhists, and to teach it mightily. But it does mean that Catholics would do well to remember that God alone sends the grace of conversion when and to whom He wills.) 2153: 3501:... recognizes the existence of a religious or spiritual absolute reality but allows for multiple interpretations and paths toward it. In contrast to the exclusivist who maintains that there is a single path "up the mountain of God", the pluralist recognizes many paths as valid. Although both the exclusivist and the pluralist may agree on the existence of religious or spiritual reality, the pluralist recognizes that this reality is expressed in different cultures and by different people in different ways. Because humans are mortal and limited, a single human religious system cannot encompass all of the religious or spiritual absolute reality.... (p. 167) 3120:. But undoubtedly, the most influential Sufi scholar to have embraced the world is Jalaluddin Muhammad Rumi. He was born in 1207 AD in a northern province of Afghanistan; however, he later had to seek refuge in Turkey following the invasion of Afghanistan by Mongols. Rumi, through his poetry and teachings, propagated inter-faith harmony like none other. He served as a uniting figure for people of different faiths and his followers included Muslims, Christians and Jews. Even today, Rumi's popularity does not cease to exist within the Sufi Muslim community and his message of peace and harmony transcends religious and geographical boundaries. 1460: 1638: 1255: 2264: 5001: 2498: 3116:. The Sufis were considered by many to have divine revelations with messages of peace, tolerance, equality, pluralism, love for all and hate for no one, humanitarians, philosophers, psychologists and much more. Many taught that if one wants to change the world, one must change oneself and thereby change the whole world. The views of the Sufi poets, philosophers and theologians have inspired multiple forms of modern-day academia as well as philosophers of other religions. See also 2819: 1283: 11034: 4439:) writes "that despite the fact that the incidence of taxation fell more heavily on a Muslim than a non-Muslim, the non-Muslim was free to enjoy equally well with every Muslim all the privileges afforded to the citizens of the state. The only privilege that was reserved for the Muslims was the seat of the caliphate, and this, because of certain religious functions attached to it, which could not naturally be discharged by a non-Muslim." Mun'im Sirry (2014), 3578: 11044: 3519:, a religious profession, must also deal with issues of pluralism and the relevance of a pluralistic stance. For example, Friberg argues: "With growing populations of immigrants and adherents of religions not previously seen in significant numbers in North America, spiritual care must take religion and diversity seriously. Utmost respect for the residents' spiritual and religious histories and orientations is imperative" (p. 182). 86: 3284:", wherein all the blind men claimed to explain the true appearance of the elephant, but could only partly succeed due to their narrow perspective. For Jains, the problem with the blind men is not that they claim to explain the true appearance of the elephant; the problem is doing so to the exclusion of all other claims. Since absolute truth is many-sided, embracing any truth to the exclusion of others is to commit the error of 2722: 188: 45: 1489: 1747: 1471: 5642: 3200:

of Africa, Europe, America—all had prophets according to the theory of divine guidance taught by the Quran. When, therefore, Muslims hear about prophets of other peoples or other countries, they do not deny them. They do not brand them as liars. Muslims believe that other peoples have had their teachers. If other peoples have had prophets, books, and laws, these constitute no difficulty for Islam."

1586:. Of course, many religious communities have long been engaged in building peace, justice, and development themselves, and the emergence of the secular peacemaking field has led religious communities to systematize and institutionalize their own peacebuilding and interfaith work. The Catholic Church has worked in development and poverty reduction, human rights, solidarity, and peace, and after 1905: 3001:

Muslims by force from their religion, or expel them from their lands, or wage war against them, or prepare for attacks against them. If any of these offenses occurs, however, Muslims are permitted to defend themselves and protect their religion. Muslims are not permitted to attack non-Muslims who signed peace pacts with them, or non-Muslims who live under the protection of the Islamic State.

2535:, encompasses pluralism.. Other, lesser-known philosophers have strived to encompass Indic philosophies under traditions other than Advaita, including the Indian philosopher Vijñabhikshu. Thus, the culture of open boundaries and continuous interaction and synthesis between all schools of thought is a very important aspect in understanding Hinduism and its fundamental nature of plurality. 1516:: "The policy of toleration relieved religious minorities of some physical punishments and some financial burdens, but it did not make them free from the indignities of prejudice and exclusion. Nor did it make them equal. Those 'tolerated' could still be barred from civil offices, military positions, and university posts." In short, religious toleration is only the absence of 3272:. In this view, the truth or the reality is perceived differently from different points of view, and no single point of view is the complete truth. Jain doctrine states that an object has infinite modes of existence and qualities and they cannot be completely perceived in all its aspects and manifestations, due to inherent limitations of the humans. Only the 3364:

in prayer. Some read the Vedas, and some the Koran. Some wear blue robes, and some wear white. Some call themselves Muslim, and some call themselves Hindu. Some yearn for paradise, and others long for heaven. Says Nanak, one who realizes the Hukam of God's Will, knows the secrets of his Lord Master. (Sri Guru Granth Sahib, page 885)

1384:. One such worldview holds that one's own religion is not the sole and exclusive source of truth, and thus acknowledges that at least some truths and true values exist in other religions. Another concept is that two or more religions with mutually exclusive truth claims are equally valid; this may be considered a form of either 1532:". Mark Silka, in "Defining Religious Pluralism in America: A Regional Analysis", states that religious pluralism "enables a country made up of people of different faiths to exist without sectarian warfare or the persecution of religious minorities. Understood differently in different times and places, it is a 2955:(1292–1350), non-Muslims had the right to engage in such religious practices even if it offended Muslims, under the conditions that such cases not be presented to Islamic Sharia courts and that these religious minorities believed that the practice in question is permissible according to their religion. 3216:: "Our God has never discriminated between one people and another. This is illustrated by the fact that all the potentials and capabilities (Prophets) which have been granted to the Aryans (Hindus) have also been granted to the races inhabiting Arabia, Persia, Syria, China, Japan, Europe and America." 3363:

Some call the Lord "Ram, Ram", and some "Khuda". Some serve Him as "Gusain", others as "Allah". He is the Cause of causes, and Generous. He showers His Grace and Mercy upon us. Some pilgrims bathe at sacred shrines, others go on Hajj to Mecca. Some do devotional worship, whilst others bow their heads

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According the dhimma status system, non-Muslims must pay a poll tax in return for Muslim protection and the privilege of living in Muslim territory. Per this system, non-Muslims are exempt from military service, but they are excluded from occupying high positions that involve dealing with high state

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writes: "According to this teaching there has not been a single people at any time in history or anywhere in the world who have not had a warner from God, a teacher, a prophet. According to the Quran there have been prophets at all times and in all countries. India, China, Russia, Afghanistan, parts

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4:90 except those who are allies of a people you are bound with in a treaty or those wholeheartedly opposed to fighting either you or their own people. If Allah had willed, He would have empowered them to fight you. So if they refrain from fighting you and offer you peace, then Allah does not permit

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Some other Protestants hold that only believers who believe in certain fundamental doctrines know the true pathway to salvation. The core of this doctrine is that Jesus Christ was a perfect man, is the Son of God and that he died and rose again for the wrongdoing of those who will accept the gift of

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I am Buddhist. Therefore, Buddhism is the only truth for me, the only religion. To my Christian friend, Christianity is the only truth, the only religion. To my Muslim friend, is the only truth, the only religion. In the meantime, I respect and admire my Christian friend and my Muslim friend. If by

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The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a multi-racial and multi-religious nation, where Muslims form the majority. Residents of Pakistan follow many of the major religions. Pakistan's diverse cultural and religious heritage is part of its multicultural history, but there is a lack of tolerance towards

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Buddhist doctrine, fundamentally based upon minimizing or negating the suffering which arises from attachment, like its sister Indic religions, opposes exclusivism and emphasizes pluralism. This is not only encapsulated in the life story of the Buddha, who sought many gurus himself before resolving

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Dhimmis were allowed to operate their own courts following their own legal systems in cases that did not involve other religious groups, or capital offences or threats to public order. Non-Muslims were allowed to engage in religious practices that were usually forbidden by Islamic law, such as the

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People from different traditions should keep their own, rather than change. However, some Tibetan may prefer Islam, so he can follow it. Some Spanish prefer Buddhism; so follow it. But think about it carefully. Don't do it for fashion. Some people start Christian, follow Islam, then Buddhism, then

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These Ayat (Quranic verses) stress the necessity of fighting against the People of the Scripture, but under what conditions? We previously established the fact that the Islamic State is not permitted to attack non-Muslims who are not hostile to Islam, who do not oppress Muslims, or try to convert

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In the Lankavatara Sutra, the Buddha gave a long treatise on the idea that various expressions of Truth may seem contradictory or boundless, yet they all speak of Truth itself – emphasizing that an Enlightened One both accepts pluralism in that there are many ways to referring to Truth, but rises

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quite early in its history. Later, the Church realizes that Romans 2:14–16, for example, allows for the salvation of non-Christians who do not have unobstructed exposure to Christian teachings: "When Gentiles who have not the law do by nature what the law requires.... They show that what the law

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4:91 You will find others who wish to be safe from you and their own people. Yet they cannot resist the temptation ˹of disbelief or hostility˺. If they do not keep away, offer you peace, or refrain from attacking you, then seize them and kill them wherever you find them. We have given you full

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is naturally pluralistic as it "acknowledges different forms and representations of the divine, all understood in their relation to the supreme being, Brahman." Historians argue that the differentiations between the various Indic religions of the subcontinent were blurred before their specific

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Church unity for these groups, as in the past, is something very visible and tangible, and schism was just as serious an offense as heresy. Following the Great Schism, Roman Catholicism sees and recognizes the Orthodox Sacraments as valid but illicit and without canonical jurisdiction. Eastern

3276:—the omniscient beings—can comprehend the object in all its aspects and manifestations, and all others are capable of knowing only a part of it. Consequently, no one view can claim to represent the absolute truth—only relative truths. Jains compare all attempts to proclaim absolute truth with 2459:, the Church declares: "Nor shall divine providence deny the assistance necessary for salvation to those who, without any fault of theirs, have not yet arrived at an explicit knowledge of God, and who, not without grace, strive to lead a good life" (#16). Vatican Council II in its Declaration 1949:

If a person has faith, Bhāradvāja, he preserves truth when he says: 'My faith is thus'; but he does not yet come to the definite conclusion: 'Only this is true, anything else is wrong.' In this way, Bhāradvāja, there is the preservation of truth; in this way he preserves truth; in this way we

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Importantly, "the pluralistic therapist can hold personal religious beliefs while appreciating those of a client with different religious beliefs. The pluralist recognizes that religious value differences can and will exist between counselors and clients without adversely affecting therapy"

2480:, an affiliate of the Italian community Vangelo e Zen ("The Gospel and Zen"), Desio and Milano, Italy, who taught in predominantly Buddhist cultures for years, and practiced Buddhist-Catholic dialogue there and in the West, and who is widely published in this dialogue, argues the following: 2187:, building temples to local deities that framed their theology within the hierarchy of Roman religion. Inscriptions throughout the Empire record the side-by-side worship of local and Roman deities, including dedications made by Romans to local Gods. By the height of the Empire, numerous 3067:

in the language of the people by dancing and singing and incorporating various philosophies, theologies, ideologies and religions together (e.g., Christianity, Judaism, Paganism, Platonism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism and so forth with time). Famous Sufi masters include

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salvation. They continue to believe in "one" church, an "invisible church" which encompasses different types of Christians in different sects and denominations, believing in certain issues they deem fundamental, while disunited on a variety of doctrines they deem non-fundamental. Some

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4:89 They wish you would disbelieve as they have disbelieved, so you may all be alike. So do not take them as allies unless they emigrate in the cause of Allah. But if they turn away, then seize them and kill them wherever you find them, and do not take any of them as allies or

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The argument from inconsistent revelations is an argument that aims to show that one cannot choose one religion over another since their revelations are inconsistent with each other and that any two religions cannot both be true. The argument appears, among other places, in

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4:88 Why are you ˹believers˺ divided into two groups regarding the hypocrites while Allah allowed them to regress ˹to disbelief˺ because of their misdeeds? Do you wish to guide those left by Allah to stray? And whoever Allah leaves to stray, you will never find for them a

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The Buddha also himself stated that truth is compromised when an individual is not open to entertaining a wide array of teachings. Moreover, without a pluralist understanding, the Buddha stated that truth cannot be discovered or ascertained such that it is truly known:

3326:, can certainly achieve salvation. Sikhs are told to accept all leading faiths as possible vehicles for attaining spiritual enlightenment, provided the faithful study, ponder and practice the teachings of their prophets and leaders. Sikhism had many interactions with 3246:

law in 2013 that prescribes a death penalty for any Muslim who converts from Islam to another religion. Other Islamic scholars state Sharia does not allow non-Muslim minorities to enjoy religious freedoms in a Muslim-majority nation, but other scholars disagree.

1528:, at least if one views the events from "a late eighteenth-century perspective". Gradually the colonial governments expanded the policy of religious toleration, but then, between the 1760s and the 1780s, they replaced it with "something that is usually called 2641:

Though the Absolute Truth is One, various sages and scriptures have described Him in many different ways. For this reason, an aspiring spiritual practitioner would do well to learn the perspectives of numerous spiritual masters, rather than just hearing from

1601:. In the modern era, many Islamic countries have laws that criminalize the act of leaving Islam for someone born into a Muslim family, forbid entry to non-Muslims into mosques, and forbid construction of churches, synagogues or temples in their countries. 4406:

Of all the various forms of taxation known to Islamic communities, it seems only two – the zakat and the jixya were of importance in Adamawa. The jizya was the levy on non-Muslim peoples who surrendered to Islam and were given the status

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The concept of religious pluralism is also relevant to human service professions, such as psychology and social work, as well as medicine and nursing, in which trained professionals may interact with clients from diverse faith traditions. For example,

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Fight those who do not believe in Allah and the Last Day, nor comply with what Allah and His Messenger have forbidden, nor embrace the religion of truth from among those who were given the Scripture, until they pay the tax, willingly submitting, fully

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religious minorities in Pakistan. Minorities are facing exploitation by extremist groups, and some sections of the society show hatred towards them, religious minorities are not allowed to join the mainstream of the society because of their religion.

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A true Lover doesn't follow any one religion, be sure of that. Since in the religion of Love, there is no irreverence or faith. When in Love, body, mind, heart and soul don't even exist. Become this, fall in Love, and you will not be separated again.

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movement" (p. 2). In discussing nine founders of major faith traditions (Moses, Zoroaster, Lao-zu, Buddha, Confucius, Socrates, Krishna, Jesus, and Muhammad), which he called "mediators between the human and the divine", Macquarrie wrote that:

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Contact (between religions) is good. One should listen to and respect the doctrines professed by others. Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi, desires that all should be well-learned in the good doctrines of other religions. Rock Edict Nb. 12 (S.

1738:. According to Chad Meister, these pluralist trends in the Western thought, particularly since the 18th century, brought mainstream Christianity and Judaism closer to the Asian traditions of philosophical pluralism and religious tolerance. 3369:

One who recognizes that all spiritual paths lead to the One shall be emancipated. One who speaks lies shall fall into hell and burn. In all the world, the most blessed and sanctified are those who remain absorbed in Truth. (SGGS Ang 142)

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I looked for God. I went to a temple, and I didn't find him there. Then I went to a church, and I didn't find him there. And then I went to a mosque, and I didn't find him there. And then finally I looked in my heart, and there he was.

1615:, the attempt to take over creeds of practices from other religions or even to blend practices or creeds from different religions into one new faith is an extreme form of inter-religious dialogue. Syncretism must not be confused with 3396:

took root and were clearly not Sikhs. This highlights and reinforces the Guru's saying that "peoples of other faiths" can join with God as true and also at the same time signify that Sikhism is not the exclusive path for liberation.

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Religious pluralism is a contested issue in modern Islamic countries. Twenty-three Islamic countries have laws, as of 2014, which make it a crime, punishable with death penalty or prison, for a Muslim, by birth or conversion, to

3512:(p. 168). The stances implied by these four helping orientations on several key issues, such as "should religious issues be discussed in counseling?", have also been presented in tabular form (p. 362, Table 12.1). 3237:

and several Islamic nations have strict laws against the construction of Christian churches, Jewish synagogues, Hindu temples and Buddhist stupas anywhere inside the country, by anyone including minorities working there.

1408:) is the understanding that the exclusive claims of different religions turn out, upon closer examination, to be variations of universal truths that have been taught since time immemorial. While some perennialists are 2330:

I do not deny for a moment that the truth of God has reached others through other channels – indeed, I hope and pray that it has. So while I have a special attachment to one mediator, I have respect for them all. (p.

2321:'s most distinguished systematic theologian in the second half of the twentieth century", wrote that "there should be an end to proselytizing but that equally there should be no syncretism of the kind typified by the 3565:

said "the church within which alone salvation is to be found is not necessarily the Church of Rome, but perhaps that of the Anabaptists or the Mormons or the Muslim Sunnis or the worshippers of Kali or of Odin".

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What one person, abiding by the (philosophical) views, saying, 'This is the most excellent,' considers the highest in the world, everything different from that he says is wretched, therefore he has not overcome

3442:– "There is no Hindu, there is no Muslim". He recognised that religious labels held no value and it is the deeds of human that will be judged in the hereafter what we call ourselves religiously holds no value. 2859:. In early Muslim history (until mid 11th century), most Islamic scholars maintained a level of separation from the state which helped to establish some elements of institutional religious freedom. The Islamic 3375:

The seconds, minutes, and hours, days, weeks and months and various seasons originate from One Sun; O nanak, in just the same way, the many forms originate from the Creator. (Guru Granth Sahib page 12,13)

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and children all participated in a range of religious activities. Some public rituals could be conducted only by women, and women formed what is perhaps Rome's most famous priesthood, the state-supported

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addresses the non-Christian religions with respect and appreciation, affirming the goodness found in them. Since Vatican Council II, Catholic dialogists in particular are working out the implications of

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interests, like being the president or prime minister of the country. In Islamic history, non-Muslims did occupy high positions, especially in matters that related to fiscal policies or tax collection.

1850:, a religion that developed in Persia, having roots in Islam, urged the elimination of religious intolerance. He taught that God is one, and religion has been progressively revealed over time through 1992:

In the United States I have seen people who embrace Buddhism and change their clothes! Like the New Age. They take something Hindu, something Buddhist, something, something.... That is not healthy.

1861:, meaning that each religion brings a more advanced understanding of divinity and updated social laws as mankind matures. In this view, God's word is revealed through a series of messengers: 2958:

Despite Dhimmis enjoying special statuses under the Caliphates, they were not considered equals, and sporadic persecutions of non-Muslim groups did occur in the history of the Caliphates.

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is explicit that those interested in spirituality should learn the perspectives of a diverse group of proficient practitioners rather than a singular one who espouses a specific doctrine:

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paid by Muslim citizens. Though Dhimmis were not given the same political rights as Muslims, they nevertheless did enjoy equality under the laws of property, contract, and obligation.

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First, Allah (God) created the Light; then, by His Creative Power, He made all mortal beings. From the One Light, the entire universe welled up. So who is good, and who is bad? ||1||

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Maximal forms of religious pluralism claim that all religions are equally true, or that one religion can be true for some and another for others. Most Christians hold this idea to be

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of Roman Catholic Sacraments to be acceptable, and there is some recognition of Catholic sacraments among some, but not all, Orthodox. Both generally mutually regard each other as "

2306:"; Protestantism however, which has many different denominations, has no consistent doctrine in this regard, and has a variety of different positions regarding religious pluralism. 2131:

and participating in public religion. The mysteries, however, involved exclusive oaths and secrecy, conditions that conservative Romans viewed with suspicion as characteristic of "

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There is also a respect for the religious traditions of the native peoples of the planet who may have little other than oral traditions as a record of their religious figures.

2141:), and subversive activity. Sporadic and sometimes brutal attempts were made to suppress religionists who seemed to threaten traditional Roman morality and unity, as with the 4047:"This mentality", notes John T. Koch, "lay at the core of the genius of cultural assimilation which made the Roman Empire possible"; entry on "Interpretatio romana", in 1539:

Religious pluralism can be defined as "respecting the otherness of others". Freedom of religion encompasses all religions acting within the law in a particular region.

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In Surah Al-Tawba, verse 29 demands Muslims to fight all those who do not believe in Islam, including Christians and Jews (People of the Book), until they pay the

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states that the world has seen 124,000 prophets. Thus other than the prophets mentioned in the Quran, Ahmadis, with support from theological study also recognize

2922:(Islamic judges) usually could not interfere in the matters of non-Muslims unless the parties voluntarily choose to be judged according to Islamic law, thus the 2446:, in and through the evolving and often confused circumstances of concrete history, is gradually bringing the Church to an ever more mature understanding of the 2419:

Protestants are doubtful if Roman Catholics or Eastern Orthodox can possibly be members of this "invisible church", and usually they reject religious (typically

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Giving one religion or denomination special rights that are denied to others can weaken religious pluralism. This situation was observed in Europe through the

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and not only accept the right of others to practice their faith but have in the past fought and laid down their lives to protect this right for others; the

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Some people have concluded from verse 9:29, that Muslims are commanded to attack all non-Muslims until they pay money, but Shaykh Jalal Abualrub writes:

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who are mentioned in their holy book were non-Sikhs and belonged to Hindu and Muslim faiths, which were the most prevalent religions of this region.

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from the beginning of the historical period influenced Roman culture, introducing some religious practices that became as fundamental as the cult of

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Ahmadis recognize many founders of world religions to be from God, who all brought teaching and guidance from God to all peoples. According to the

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posed difficulties for Roman policy that led at times to compromise and the granting of special exemptions, but sometimes to intractable conflict.

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have also always been inclusively flexible and have long favored religious pluralism for those who disagree with their religious viewpoints. The

949: 486: 482: 10893: 3647: 3465:(that was forcing them to convert to Islam) in order that they might gain the freedom to practice their religion, which differed from his own. 2067: 1854:, the founders of religion. Bahá'u'lláh taught that Baháʼís must associate with peoples of all religions, whether this is reciprocated or not. 1619:, the attempt to bring closer and eventually reunite different denominations of one religion that have a common origin but were separated by a 1359: 1838: 5818: 1607:, the belief that all religions are equal in their value and that none of the religions give access to absolute truth, is an extreme form of 929: 4807:"Introduction to the Study of the Holy Qur’an" by Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad. Part 2, Argument 4 Section labeled "A Grand Conception" 1536:

that embodies some shared conception of how a country's various religious communities relate to each other and to the larger nation whole."

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and to religious truth, and some of them would even argue that it is necessary to suppress the falsehoods taught by other religions. Some

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to the family's domestic deities were offered. Neighborhood shrines and sacred places such as springs and groves dotted the city. The

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For individual practitioners, having one truth, one religion, is very important. Several truths, several religions, is contradictory.

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Cole & Hammond (1974), "Religious pluralism, legal development, and societal complexity: rudimentary forms of civil religion",

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were practitioners of the esoteric mystic traditions within an Islam at a certain point. Sufism is defined by the Sufi master or

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Following a period of fighting lasting around a hundred years before 620 AD which mainly involved Arab and Jewish inhabitants of

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All religions should reside everywhere, for all of them desire self-control and purity of heart. Rock Edict Nb. 7 (S. Dhammika)

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Egyptian-Islamic Views on the Comparison of Religions: Positions of Al-Azhar University Scholars on Muslim-Christian Relations.

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The Rig Veda also envisions an ideal world where a diverse collective speaks together to focus upon an idea that pervades all:

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But that which clings blindly to one idea as if it were all, without logic, truth or insight, that has its origin in Darkness.

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The pluralistic dialogue of Sikhism began with the founder of Sikhism Guru Nanak after becoming enlightened saying the words

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One and the same be your resolve, and be your minds of one accord. United be the thoughts of all that all may happily agree.

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Assemble, speak together: let your minds be all of one accord, as ancient Gods unanimous sit down to their appointed share.

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Abdullah, Najih Ibrahim Bin (1988), "The Ordinances of the People of the Covenant and the Minorities in an Islamic State",

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Facing Up to Real Doctrinal Difference: How Some Thought-Motifs from Derrida Can Nourish the Catholic-Buddhist Encounter

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Facing Up to Real Doctrinal Difference: How Some Thought-Motifs from Derrida Can Nourish the Catholic-Buddhist Encounter

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also teaches a form of religious pluralism, that there is at least some truth in almost all religions and philosophies.

198: 10785: 10515: 10397: 9851: 8436: 6390: 4770: 4481: 4452: 4399: 4256:(Angelico P., 2014), pp. 116, 142, where he applies the same reasoning to relations with other non-Christian religions. 3930: 3192: 2146: 678: 653: 548: 438: 4569: 4110:, Christians EU. Article stating that Jesus is the saviour and not Mohammed or Buddha—see second part of this article. 3322:. They have supported the view that proponents of all faiths, by doing good and virtuous deeds and by remembering the 3015:. In actuality, it only commands Muslims to fight those who practice oppression or persecution or attack the Muslims. 1504:

Religious pluralism, to paraphrase the title of a recent academic work, goes beyond mere toleration. Chris Beneke, in

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A New Religious America: Managing Religious Diversity in a Democracy: Challenges and Prospects for the 21st Century

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The Buddha, The Pali Canon, Bhikkhu Bodhi. "In the Buddha's Words: An Anthology of Discourses from the Pali Canon"

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and religious pluralism has a long history and development that reaches from antiquity to contemporary trends in

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The Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews, and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain

4783: 1144: 914: 909: 904: 856: 841: 836: 826: 791: 781: 703: 688: 668: 588: 573: 568: 520: 515: 500: 495: 393: 5769: 3288:(one-sidedness). Openness to the truths of others is one way in which Jainism embodies religious pluralism. 2180:

rather than try to eradicate them, since they believed that preserving tradition promoted social stability.

1893:) among them. According to Baháʼí writings, there will not be another messenger for many hundreds of years. 11068: 10913: 10715: 7928: 6678: 5925: 5838: 5804: 2940:

consumption of alcohol and pork, as well as religious practices which Muslims found repugnant, such as the

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Do not say that the Vedas, the Bible and the Koran are false. Those who do not contemplate them are false.

2455:

requires is written on their hearts.... Various forms of "implicit faith" come to hold standing, until at

2176:

As the Romans extended their dominance throughout the Mediterranean world, their policy in general was to

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A New Religious America: How a "Christian Country" Has Become the World's Most Religiously Diverse Nation

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In a political sense, the earliest references to Buddhist views on religious pluralism are found in the

9701: 9646: 9342: 8082: 7599: 6290: 6232: 5915: 4575: 3667: 3207: 3196: 2442:, unlike some Protestant denominations, affirms "developmental theology", understood to mean that the " 2309:

Other Christians have held that there can be truth value and salvific value in other faith traditions.

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that, whatever proofs are offered for the existence of God in Christianity or any other religion, "an

2951:

where a man could marry his mother, sister or daughter. According to the famous Islamic legal scholar

2930:

usually had their own laws independent from the Sharia law, such as the Jews who would have their own

2152: 10948: 10737: 10595: 10047: 8935: 8714: 8345: 7975: 7540: 6672: 6424: 6261: 6216: 6044: 6008: 4606:

al-Qattan, Najwa (1999). "Dhimmis in the Muslim Court: Legal Autonomy and Religious Discrimination".

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has described four possible stances toward client religious and spiritual beliefs, which he called

2472:#6 that Christians should recognize "the Holy Spirit operating outside the visible confines of the 2386:

Orthodoxy does not have the concept of "validity" when applied to Sacraments, but it considers the

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ye yathā māṃ prapadyante tāṃs tathāiva bhajāmyaham mama vartmānuvartante manuṣyāḥ pārtha sarvaśaḥ.

2350:, mainstream Christianity confessed "one holy catholic and apostolic church", in the words of the 2279:

Some Christians have argued that religious pluralism is an invalid or self-contradictory concept.

10903: 10840: 10790: 10750: 10695: 10330: 10325: 10215: 10162: 10052: 9982: 9778: 9589: 9504: 8709: 8687: 8486: 8308: 7833: 7491: 7418: 7102: 6473: 6273: 6182: 5998: 5402:

Kenneth Einar Himma (August 2002), "Finding a High Road: The Moral Case for Salvific Pluralism",

5172: 4656: 4541: 4444: 4423: 3607: 3155: 3136:

How many paths are there to God? There are as many paths to God as there are souls on the Earth.

3073: 2913: 2779: 2732: 2295: 2127:, were a matter of personal choice for an individual, practiced in addition to carrying on one's 2085:. The Romans looked for common ground between their major gods and those of the Greeks, adapting 2058: 1735: 1474: 1335: 1294: 143: 96: 5314: 5215: 4066:

Martyrdom and Persecution in the Early Church: A Study of Conflict from the Maccabees to Donatus

10770: 10665: 10625: 10605: 10462: 10437: 10342: 10315: 10265: 10235: 10225: 10142: 10107: 10092: 10077: 10032: 9967: 9641: 9572: 9477: 9472: 9213: 9136: 8898: 8780: 8704: 8501: 8491: 8350: 8318: 8256: 8227: 7744: 7739: 7436: 7396: 7181: 6522: 6517: 6497: 6493: 5942: 3805: 3720: 3677: 2856: 2432: 2009: 1843: 1823: 1439: 1428: 1409: 1302: 1176: 1139: 1124: 5737: 4508: 3806:"On Canaries, Icebergs and the public sphere: The pragmatic compromise of religious pluralism" 3721:"On Canaries, Icebergs and the public sphere: The pragmatic compromise of religious pluralism" 3419:

the weaver, obtained salvation through the Perfect Guru. Those who know God and recognize His

2554:, the idea that there are many ways to approach Truth or an underlying Reality is emphasized. 1512:. By the 1730s, in most colonies religious minorities had obtained what contemporaries called 11011: 10956: 10873: 10825: 10800: 10600: 10422: 10417: 10285: 10275: 10097: 9773: 9716: 9536: 9482: 8903: 8881: 8800: 8741: 8407: 7846: 7707: 6869: 6468: 6380: 6049: 5910: 4196: 3338: 2074: 2054: 2013: 1687: 1517: 1417: 1114: 1025: 205: 7727: 7675: 5733:

Nostra Aetate: Declaration on the Relation of the Catholic Church to Non-Christian Religions

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later guaranteed religious freedom under the conditions that non-Muslim communities accept

2473: 2188: 2177: 1703: 1571: 1413: 1404: 1149: 1118: 286: 6705: 5687: 5625: 5507:"Working with the sacred: Four approaches to religious and spiritual issues in counseling" 5005: 5000: 4120: 2322: 1980:

When asked, "Don't all religions teach the same thing? Is it possible to unify them?" the

1890: 1847: 1751: 8: 11006: 10981: 10961: 10938: 10865: 10815: 10795: 10710: 10700: 10655: 10615: 10570: 10565: 10555: 10545: 10540: 10535: 10525: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10467: 10377: 10352: 10230: 10220: 10182: 10152: 10137: 10122: 10112: 10102: 10067: 10062: 10012: 9957: 9932: 9876: 9733: 9721: 9604: 9594: 9462: 9263: 9176: 9121: 9097: 8984: 8869: 8827: 8622: 8471: 8099: 7891: 7776: 7572: 7374: 7259: 7187: 7077: 6998: 6825: 6478: 6302: 6148: 5894: 5889: 5396: 4465: 3602: 3446: 2362:

and most Protestant Christian denominations still maintain this belief. Furthermore, the

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Working with the sacred: Four approaches to religious and spiritual issues in counseling

5004: This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the 3233:, it is illegal to preach, persuade or attempt to convert a Muslim to another religion. 10986: 10966: 10933: 10830: 10820: 10765: 10760: 10690: 10670: 10660: 10645: 10640: 10620: 10590: 10585: 10560: 10550: 10482: 10447: 10432: 10337: 10310: 10300: 10260: 10245: 10240: 10192: 10187: 10127: 10082: 10042: 9937: 9924: 9711: 9636: 9509: 9332: 9006: 8964: 8805: 8773: 8748: 8675: 8655: 8476: 8424: 8412: 8390: 7982: 7940: 7813: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7469: 7253: 7229: 6608: 6532: 6280: 6226: 6023: 5759:

Video of Ela Gandhi, granddaughter of Mahatma Gandhi, talking about religious pluralism

5522: 4731: 4706: 4631: 4534: 4091: 3835: 3212: 3203: 3168:, every nation in the history of mankind has been sent a prophet, as the Quran states: 2617:

The place is common, common the assembly, common the mind, so be their thought united.

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Sirat al-mustaqim: One or Many? Religious Pluralism Among Muslim Intellectuals in Iran

3942:

Roof & McKinney (1985), "Denominational America and the new religious pluralism",

1463:

Puja Mandala, a temple that symbolizes tolerance of diversity in Indonesia located in

1459: 1434:

As a term for the condition of harmonious co-existence between adherents of different

11043: 11037: 10971: 10928: 10918: 10908: 10898: 10805: 10725: 10685: 10610: 10580: 10472: 10427: 10407: 10382: 10357: 10320: 10305: 10280: 10255: 10167: 10117: 10072: 10057: 10037: 10027: 10002: 9942: 9886: 9651: 9427: 9023: 8994: 8918: 8913: 8874: 8812: 8768: 8753: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8665: 8400: 8286: 8052: 8022: 8002: 7823: 7628: 7609: 7604: 7550: 7513: 7234: 7149: 7072: 6970: 6960: 6928: 6916: 6884: 6861: 6843: 6739: 6594: 6502: 6488: 6451: 6439: 6268: 6187: 6139: 6072: 6018: 5595: 5578: 5560: 5545: 5481: 5453: 5269: 5242: 5211: 5178: 5062: 4989: 4828: 4766: 4689: 4660: 4635: 4623: 4579: 4545: 4512: 4477: 4448: 4395: 4368: 4341: 4314: 4291: 4174: 4151: 4031: 3926: 3882: 3839: 3827: 3742: 3554: 3478: 3424: 3297: 3185: 3105: 2900:, were usually accommodated within the Islamic legal framework, as seen in the early 2469: 2451: 2428: 2379: 2169: 2100: 2090: 1707: 1671: 1646: 1642: 1620: 1598: 1583: 1555: 1525: 1355: 1263: 291: 8506: 8104: 7764: 7518: 10996: 10878: 10775: 10387: 10347: 10295: 10290: 10207: 10177: 10087: 9977: 9841: 9793: 9788: 9352: 9317: 9290: 9048: 9033: 8908: 8832: 8682: 8660: 8568: 8429: 8208: 8171: 8027: 8012: 7960: 7754: 7734: 7702: 7697: 7668: 7663: 7587: 7577: 7406: 7370: 7362: 7333: 7246: 7166: 7161: 7124: 7114: 7040: 6978: 6820: 6657: 6507: 6165: 5920: 5906: 5518: 4979: 4615: 3817: 3732: 3637: 2447: 2375: 2347: 2231:. Because Romans had never been obligated to cultivate one deity or one cult only, 2128: 1966: 1695: 1663: 1393: 1070: 311: 8645: 5749: 1590:, it began to develop specific tools and apply conflict transformation practices. 1574:, and has appeared as governmental policy into the present day under systems like 11047: 9676: 9656: 9146: 9038: 9028: 8697: 8365: 8156: 8136: 8067: 8032: 7965: 7685: 7658: 7633: 7582: 7560: 7353: 7296: 7067: 6584: 6385: 6311: 6251: 6206: 6175: 6067: 6054: 6028: 5993: 5756: 5259: 5234: 5058:

The Metaphysics of Paradox: Jainism, Absolute Relativity, and Religious Pluralism

4502: 4362: 4335: 4140:

p. 168, Timothy Bradshaw (1998), "John Macquarrie", in: Alister E. McGrath (ed).

4128: 3997: 3583: 2528: 2477: 2439: 2367: 2363: 2310: 2299: 2291: 2268: 2192: 2112: 2108: 2086: 2043: 1981: 1667: 1637: 1286: 1259: 1217: 1134: 5720: 4930:, Cairo, Vol. 944, 29 May 1988; Also see 5 June 1988 article by the same author. 4687:

A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility

1254: 9798: 9691: 9631: 9347: 9322: 9107: 9011: 8893: 8837: 8790: 8203: 8151: 8047: 8017: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7970: 7866: 7786: 7769: 7722: 7712: 6756: 6419: 6402: 6221: 6201: 6170: 5884: 5475: 3617: 3011:

In Surah Al-Nisa, verse 89 has been misquoted to seem that it says to slay the

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institution) on issues of religion as opposed to opposition of religion in the

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A common purpose do I lay before you, and worship with your general oblation.

1950:

describe the preservation of truth. But as yet there is no discovery of truth.

11062: 9726: 9280: 9161: 8553: 8548: 8496: 8333: 8271: 8166: 8057: 7955: 7886: 7818: 7808: 7781: 7717: 7614: 7592: 7530: 7426: 7389: 7308: 7216: 6667: 6618: 6323: 5854: 5388: 5296: 4993: 4627: 4565: 4215: 3831: 3746: 3550: 3462: 3412: 3381: 3319: 3113: 3089: 2927: 2893: 2827: 2653: 2460: 2399: 2228: 2078: 1509: 1315: 993: 356: 346: 316: 8395: 1524:. However, in the following decades something extraordinary happened in the 9861: 9763: 9624: 9312: 9307: 9285: 9275: 9156: 8588: 8523: 8466: 8451: 8417: 8042: 7950: 6988: 6879: 6874: 6725: 6695: 6569: 6537: 6285: 6256: 6243: 5977: 5930: 5721:

Standing Up for the Middle Way: A Buddhist Perspective on Religious Freedom

5663:

The Pluralism Project: Researching Religious Diversity in the United States

5411:

Religious Pluralism in America: The Contentious History of a Founding Ideal

4364:

Orientalism and Religion: Post-Colonial Theory, India and "The Mystic East"

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This article is about religious pluralism. For other uses of the term, see

27:

Stance of supporting peaceful coexistence and diversity of spiritual belief

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reject it, and uphold the importance of the historical, "orthodox" faiths.

1282: 9783: 9758: 9582: 9550: 9541: 9487: 9417: 9402: 9295: 9186: 8847: 8795: 8583: 8301: 8281: 8121: 8062: 7800: 7796: 7619: 7139: 7087: 7057: 6894: 6748: 6640: 6564: 6429: 6365: 6316: 5879: 4941:"Pakistan: Right to freedom of religion or belief under sustained attack" 3268:, the principle of relative pluralism, is one of the basic principles of 3081: 2443: 2416: 2403: 2359: 2318: 2161: 2120: 2116: 1608: 1575: 1540: 1381: 1351: 9102: 9043: 8146: 7567: 7401: 6950: 4984: 4967: 9749: 9744: 9619: 9614: 9577: 9555: 9412: 9392: 9387: 9228: 9218: 9181: 8785: 8563: 8511: 8251: 7896: 7876: 7454: 7379: 7318: 7082: 7062: 6983: 6635: 6603: 6574: 6353: 6348: 6333: 5972: 5967: 5900: 5677: 5381:

Robert Gordis, 1962, "Ground Rules for a Christian-Jewish Dialogue" in

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in Europe triggered a sweeping transformation about religion after the

1612: 1604: 1567: 1548: 1464: 1385: 1374: 1370: 1331: 301: 8593: 7474: 5796: 5738:

World Council of Churches Bibliography of Works on Religious Pluralism

5239:

Aging and spirituality: spiritual dimensions of aging theory, research

4107: 4060:

Rüpke, "Roman Religion – Religions of Rome", p. 4; Benjamin H. Isaac,

1793: 1682:, were the earliest proponents of religious pluralism and granting of 1318:

co-existing in society. It can indicate one or more of the following:

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Toward a Theological Encounter: Jewish Understandings of Christianity

4968:"Religious Freedom in Pakistan: A Case Study of Religious Minorities" 4473: 3458: 3315: 3161: 2986: 2901: 2860: 2424: 2258: 2191:

were cultivated at Rome and had been carried to even the most remote

2165: 2124: 2104: 1961:

above it through the understanding that Truth transcends all labels.

1715: 1616: 1544: 1424: 331: 7171: 6700: 5425: 3857: 3468: 3172:. Though the Quran mentions only 24 prophets, the founder of Islam, 2721: 2003: 1904: 85: 9499: 9243: 9233: 9088: 8578: 8558: 8385: 8261: 8116: 7690: 7444: 7384: 7303: 7211: 7198: 7176: 7156: 7134: 7129: 7109: 7049: 7016: 6955: 6799: 6784: 6662: 6623: 6579: 6370: 6307: 6211: 6114: 5700: 5658:

Council on Foreign Relations Religion and Foreign Policy Initiative

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and courts of other religions, including Christianity, Judaism and

2852: 2848: 2823: 2532: 2523: 2510: 2506: 2398:", while continuing to recognize each other as Christian, at least 2031: 2017: 1912: 1908: 1882: 1814: 1797: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1755: 1679: 1675: 1570:

are pernicious. This was a common historical attitude prior to the

1563: 1435: 1312: 4652:

Islam and the Blackamerican: looking toward the third resurrection

4310:

An Occult Glossary:A Compendium of Oriental and Theosophical Terms

4079:

Experiencing Rome: Culture, Identity and Power in the Roman Empire

3944:

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

3899: 2551: 2423:) movements rooted in 19th-century American Christianity, such as 2263: 1920:

to seek Enlightenment on his own, but also in Buddhist scripture.

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The imperative of Religious Pluralism: A Conservative Jewish View

5682: 5418:

Christians and Heretics in Rabbinic Literature of Late Antiquity,

5174:

The Psychology of Religion and Coping: Theory, Research, Practice

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Law No. 02-06 (bis), al Jarida al Rasmiyya, vol.12, 1 March 2006

4704: 4064:(Princeton University Press, 2004, 2006), p. 449; W.H.C. Frend, 1746: 9681: 9560: 9545: 9364: 9253: 9238: 9196: 8974: 8852: 8126: 7881: 7871: 7525: 7486: 7328: 6936: 6906: 6630: 5641: 5393:

Emet Ve-Emunah: Statement of Principles of Conservative Judaism

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As people approach me, so I receive them. All paths lead to Me.

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and develop a personal religious construct within it (see also

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Beyond Toleration: The Religious Origins of American Pluralism

4094:, "The Disadvantages of Monotheism for a Universal State", in 3561:

can reason the same way". Also in response to Pascal's wager,

1886: 1506:

Beyond Toleration: The Religious Origins of American Pluralism

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Islam and Religious Pluralism by Ayatullah Murtadha Mutahhari

5249:(NB: The quotation is discussing residents in nursing homes). 3416: 3389: 3385: 3165: 2973: 2962: 2877: 2871: 2678: 2562: 2543: 2283: 2212: 1878: 1870: 1827: 1780: 1478: 5652: 4504:

Justice Without Frontiers: Furthering human rights. Volume 1

3791:

Defining Religious Pluralism in America: A Regional Analysis

3229:

or convert to another religion. In Muslim countries such as

2497: 2093:

was also a major influence, particularly on the practice of

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Harvard Theological Review, Volume 87(2), pp. 155–169.

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have propagated the message of "many paths" leading to the

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samāno mantraḥ samitiḥ samānī samānaṃ manaḥ saha cittameṣām

2200: 2048: 1551: 1326:

the religious diversity of a society or country, promoting

1278:) coexist at the north end of St Giles' in Oxford, England. 5048: 4171:

Mediators between human and divine: From Moses to Muhammad

3978:"Dalai Lama Asks West Not to Turn Buddhism Into a 'Fashion 3497:. Unlike the constructivist stance, the pluralist stance: 2605:

samānaṃ mantramabhi maṇtraye vaḥ samānena vohaviṣā juhomi

1562:

of all kinds teach that religious practices like those of

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Apologetics index: Biblical Guide To Orthodoxy And Heresy

3527: 2531:

philosophy, a widely held view of many Hindus who follow

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CARM – The Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry

2382:

Churches also make this claim in respect to themselves.

2030:. Each home had a household shrine at which prayers and 5369:

The Blackwell Companion to Contemporary Islamic Thought

5225: 5223: 4810: 3392:, both attained salvation though they were born before 2502: 2235:

was not an issue in the sense that it is for competing

2066:, who tended Rome's sacred hearth for centuries, until 6126: 5202:

Brian J. Zinnbauer & Kenneth I. Pargament (2000).

2183:

One way that Rome incorporated diverse peoples was by

1999:

unifying you mean mixing, that is impossible; useless.

5683:

Elijah Interfaith Institute: Inter Religious Dialogue

4829:

Laws Criminalizing Apostasy in Selected Jurisdictions

4571:

Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle Ages

3917: 3915: 3913: 3873: 3871: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3593:

Category:Catholic ecumenical and interfaith relations

3408:

Again, the Guru Granth Sahib Ji provides this verse:

2599:

saṃ ghachadhvaṃ saṃ vadadhvaṃ saṃ vo manāṃsi jānatām

1734:), with rising acceptance of religious pluralism and 197:

may contain excessive or inappropriate references to

5220: 4470:

The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists

3573: 2097:, since Rome had once been ruled by Etruscan kings. 2089:

and iconography for Latin literature and Roman art.

2068:

disbanded under Christian persecution and domination

2038:

was structured around religious observances; in the

1684:

freedom to the individuals to choose their own faith

1311:

is an attitude or policy regarding the diversity of

5557:

Global communication without universal civilization

5505:Zinnbauer, Brian J.; Pargament, Kenneth I. (2000). 4441:

Scriptural Polemics: The Qur'an and Other Religions

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Projects working for peace among Israelis and Arabs

110:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5504: 5039: 4755: 4648: 4533: 4165: 4163: 3910: 3868: 3770: 3753: 3423:("word") lose their ego and class consciousness. ( 2042:, as many as 135 days of the year were devoted to 5792:Darbu Emet: A Jewish Statement About Christianity 5698: 5448:Lewis, Bernard; Churchill, Buntzie Ellis (2008). 5166: 5164: 5162: 4435:The French scholar Gustave Le Bon (the author of 3851: 3849: 3469:Religious pluralism and human service professions 2484:If God has willed that all persons be saved (see 2004:Classical civilization: Greek and Roman religions 1645:, which recognized two different churches in the 11060: 5404:International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 4816:"A Message of Peace" by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, p. 6 4763:Jihad in Islamic History: Doctrines and Practice 3653:Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity 2583:Truth is One, though the sages know it variously 4846:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA 4824: 4822: 4494: 4391:Fulani Hegemony in Yola (Old Adamawa) 1809–1902 4202:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 4160: 2336:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1543:religions teach that theirs is the only way to 5594:Downer's Grove, Illinois: Intervarsity Press. 5447: 5159: 4801: 4062:The Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity 3957:"Religions – Bahai: Origins of Bahá'í history" 3846: 3648:Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue 3445:Sikhs have been considered eager exponents of 3334:, influenced them and was influenced by them. 2694: 2685: 2660: 2597: 2576: 2569: 6099: 5812: 5775:Spiritual Education Lesson Plans for Children 4831:Library of Congress, US Government (May 2014) 4564: 4333: 4306: 4028:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia 2961:The primary sources that guide Islam, namely 2304:outside the true Church there is no salvation 2178:absorb the deities and cults of other peoples 1235: 5289: 4819: 4784:"Rumi the Alchemist of Interfaith Tolerance" 4750:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 4608:International Journal of Middle East Studies 4599: 4464: 4360: 2341: 4705:Richard Gottheil; Meyer Kayserling (1906). 4500: 4000:, "Roman Religion – Religions of Rome", in 2916:system. In medieval Islamic societies, the 2847:), religious freedom for Muslims, Jews and 2687:ये यथा मां प्रपद्यन्ते तांस्तथैव भजाम्यहम्। 2662:यत्तु कृत्स्नवदेकस्मिन्कार्ये सक्तमहैतुकम्। 2601:devā bhāghaṃ yathā pūrve saṃjānānā upāsate 2136: 73:Learn how and when to remove these messages 6106: 6092: 5819: 5805: 5423: 5295: 5231:The role of the chaplain in spiritual care 5097:"sggs ram khudha people pray to there god" 4915:The Rights of Non-Muslims in Islamic State 4532:Sachedina, Abdulaziz Abdulhussein (2001). 4121:"Defending Salvation Through Christ Alone" 3923:The Oxford Handbook of Religious Diversity 3879:The Oxford Handbook of Religious Diversity 3855: 3318:for all souls who treading on the path of 2689:मम वर्त्मानुवर्तन्ते मनुष्याः पार्थ सर्वशः 2290:. The two largest Christian branches, the 1924: 1688:Relationship between Buddhism and Hinduism 1242: 1228: 5335:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 203 5268:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 25. 5170: 4983: 4917:, Islamic Publications, Lahore, Pakistan. 4605: 4536:The Islamic Roots of Democratic Pluralism 4531: 4525: 4143:The SPCK Handbook of Anglican Theologians 4049:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia 3821: 3782: 3736: 3400:Additionally the Guru Granth Sahib says: 2884:Religious pluralism existed in classical 2806:Learn how and when to remove this message 2409: 1388:(a concept that arose as a result of the 999:Female genital mutilation laws by country 246:Learn how and when to remove this message 228:Learn how and when to remove this message 170:Learn how and when to remove this message 8621: 5477:A Short Introduction to the Bahá'í Faith 5054: 4394:. African Books Collective. p. 82. 4017:(Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 246. 3803: 3718: 2817: 2496: 2262: 2151: 1903: 1745: 1636: 1487: 1469: 1458: 1448: 1281: 1253: 9913: 5826: 5678:The Journal of Inter-Religious Dialogue 5592:A Theology of Interreligious Relations. 5577:. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing, 1998, 5511:Journal of Counseling & Development 5258: 5208:Journal of Counseling & Development 5027:Koller, John M. (July 2000) pp. 400–407 4965: 4890:"Yusuf Estes Corrects QURAN Mis-Quotes" 4614:(3). University of Cambridge: 429–444. 4507:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 4340:. World Wisdom. pp. 38–43, 68–75. 2609:samānamastu vomano yathā vaḥ susahāsati 14: 11061: 5554: 5480:. Oxford, UK: One World Publications. 5395:, Jewish Theological Seminary and the 5348: 5303:(in French). Vol. 1. p. 167. 4387: 3776: 3764: 3528:Argument from inconsistent revelations 3188:to be divinely appointed individuals. 2742:Please improve this article by adding 1839:Baháʼí Faith and the unity of religion 18:Argument from inconsistent revelations 9912: 9070: 8620: 6125: 6087: 5800: 5473: 4313:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 130. 4189: 3628:Institute for Interreligious Dialogue 3461:, agreed to fight against a tyrannic 3380:The Guru Granth Sahib also says that 3219: 3170:And there is a guide for every people 2869:status and their adult males pay the 2681:in a variety of spiritual practices: 2607:samānī va ākūtiḥ samānā hṛdayāni vaḥ 2366:makes the claim that it alone is the 208:by removing references to unreliable 5353:. New York: Oxford University Press. 4192:"Respect for Other People's Beliefs" 4131:, Christian Ministries International 3788: 3006:Abualrub, Holy Wars, Crusades, Jihad 2715: 2664:अतत्त्वार्थवदल्पं च तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् 1889:and Bahá'u'lláh (the founder of the 1582:regime, which destroyed the ancient 1520:, and does not necessarily preclude 212:where they are used inappropriately. 181: 108:adding citations to reliable sources 79: 38: 5706:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 5693:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 5413:, New Haven: Yale University Press. 5153:"Sri Granth: Sri Guru Granth Sahib" 5139:"Sri Granth: Sri Guru Granth Sahib" 5083:"Sri Granth: Sri Guru Granth Sahib" 5045:Hughes, Marilynn (2005) pp. 590–591 4945:International Commission of Jurists 4030:, Vol. 4 (Eerdmans, 1988), p. 116. 3988:, 2003-10-08, retrieved 2009-06-18. 3282:maxim of the blind men and elephant 2185:supporting their religious heritage 2028:religion was part of the daily life 1928:Sîmâtigo bâhitapâpattâ ka brâhmano. 1911:dharma chakra. A popular symbol of 1494:Parliament of the World's Religions 24: 9882:Religions and spiritual traditions 6128:Religious groups and denominations 5531: 5523:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb02574.x 5470:, Boston: Little, Brown, & Co. 5450:Islam: The Religion and the People 5426:"Pluralism and Democracy in Islam" 5424:Kazemzadeh, Hamed (January 2017). 4966:Mehfooz, Musferah (January 2021). 3858:"Pluralism and Democracy in Islam" 3856:Kazemzadeh, Hamed (January 2017). 3804:Grimshaw, Mike (11 January 2023). 3719:Grimshaw, Mike (11 January 2023). 2976:, a tax, with willing submission. 1380:Any of several forms of religious 25: 11080: 5726: 5688:"Religious Diversity (Pluralism)" 5605: 4190:Jones, Gerald E. (October 1977). 4090:A classic essay on this topic is 1857:Baháʼís refer to this concept as 1004:Legal aspects of ritual slaughter 322:Catholic priests in public office 54:This article has multiple issues. 11042: 11033: 11032: 10846:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9988:Democratic Republic of the Congo 5690:entry by David Basinger in the 5640: 5406:, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 1–33. 4999: 4015:A Dictionary of the Roman Empire 3793:. Vol. 612. pp. 64–81. 3576: 2720: 2565:can be known in different ways: 2486:Catechism of the Catholic Church 2315:Handbook of Anglican Theologians 2253:Christianity and other religions 2121:salvation through a personal God 1662:German philosophers of religion 1363:separation of religion and state 186: 84: 43: 9453:Evolutionary origin of religion 5575:America: Religions and Religion 5371:, ed. Ibrahim Abu-Rabi, Oxford. 5325: 5307: 5252: 5145: 5131: 5110: 5089: 5075: 5030: 5021: 5012: 4959: 4933: 4920: 4907: 4887: 4881: 4872: 4859: 4834: 4776: 4742: 4724: 4698: 4680: 4642: 4558: 4458: 4429: 4412: 4381: 4367:. Routledge. pp. 128–132. 4354: 4327: 4300: 4280: 4259: 4246: 4243:(Angelico P., 2014), pp. 101–2. 4233: 4208: 4183: 4134: 4113: 4101: 4084: 4071: 4054: 4041: 4020: 4007: 3991: 3971: 3949: 3936: 3388:, who were both believed to be 2246: 2079:Greeks on the Italian peninsula 1926:Katunnam kilesasîmânam atîtattâ 1741: 95:needs additional citations for 62:or discuss these issues on the 9804:Separation of church and state 8462:Polytheistic reconstructionism 5958:Separation of church and state 5875:History of religious pluralism 5342: 5299:(1875–77) . J. Assézar (ed.). 5171:Pargament, Kenneth I. (2001). 4913:Mawdudi, S. Abul `Ala (1982), 4765:, Princeton University Press, 4307:T. Depurucker (January 2003). 3892: 3797: 3712: 3451:Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadar 2509:sound and a popular symbol of 2168:was among the most widespread 2077:they honored. The presence of 1728:separation of Church and State 1633:History of religious pluralism 1189:Christian countercult movement 1098:Oriental Orthodox Christianity 307:Separation of church and state 13: 1: 7460:Traditional Sabahan religions 5743: 5714: 5499:People of God, Peoples of God 5409:Hutchison, William R. (2003) 5055:Schwartz, Wm. Andrew (2018). 5036:Jaini, Padmanabh (1998) p. 91 4752:, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 177–189 4420:Legal Traditions of the World 4337:A Guide to Hindu Spirituality 4002:A Companion to Roman Religion 3705: 3522: 3030:permission over such people. 2744:secondary or tertiary sources 2578:ékam sat vipra bahudā vadanti 2435:as not distinctly Christian. 2073:The Romans are known for the 1093:Eastern Orthodox Christianity 1034:Traditional African religions 6113: 5926:Multiple religious belonging 5839:Category:Religious pluralism 5631:Resources in other libraries 5321:. Stanford University. 2018. 5319:Objections to Pascal's Wager 4869:; Taha Publishers; London UK 4736:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org 3553:'s statement in response to 3440:Na koi hindu na koi musalman 3149: 2519:Hinduism and other religions 2239:. The monotheistic rigor of 2125:eternal life after the death 989:Apostasy in Islam by country 7: 9662:National religiosity levels 8887:Nauruan Indigenous religion 8442:Hellenism (modern religion) 5963:Spiritual but not religious 5653:Global Centre for Pluralism 5466:Monecal, Maria Rosa (2002), 5444:, Paulist Press / Stimulus. 5210:, v. 78 n. 2, pp. 162–171. 5141:. Sri Granth. p. 1349. 5085:. Sri Granth. p. 1350. 4649:Sherman A. Jackson (2005). 4501:Weeramantry, C. G. (1997). 4098:, 81.4 (1986), pp. 285–297. 3925:, Oxford University Press, 3881:, Oxford University Press, 3683:United Religions Initiative 3623:Interreligious organization 3613:Global Centre for Pluralism 3569: 3549:. It is also manifested in 3354:Guru Granth Sahib page 1350 2695: 2656:warns against exclusivism: 2598: 2577: 2492: 2476:." Among these dialogists, 2271:. A very popular symbol of 2119:), which offered initiates 1925: 1899: 1423:Sometimes as a synonym for 1373:espoused by other forms of 1009:Religious male circumcision 10: 11085: 9071: 5916:Confessionalism (politics) 5780: 5763: 5241:(pp. 177–190). Routledge. 4865:Doi, Abdur Rahman (1984), 4576:Princeton University Press 4437:La civilisation des Arabes 4388:Njeuma, Martin Z. (2012). 4216:"The Protestant Principle" 4081:(Routledge, 2000), p. 261. 4068:(Doubleday, 1967), p. 106. 3668:Religious harmony in India 3295: 3291: 3258: 3254: 3242:in southeast Asia adopted 3208:Ahmadiyya Muslim Community 3197:Ahmadiyya Muslim Community 3153: 2832: 2571:एकं सद्विप्रा बहुधा वदन्ति 2516: 2317:(1998) as "unquestionably 2288:principle of contradiction 2256: 2250: 2007: 1836: 1720:civil and political rights 1672:Asian religious traditions 1630: 1626: 1452: 32:Pluralism (disambiguation) 29: 11028: 10947: 10864: 10736: 10481: 10206: 9923: 9919: 9908: 9817: 9742: 9518: 9426: 9363: 9081: 9077: 9066: 8629: 8616: 8541: 8364: 8346:Transcendental Meditation 8239: 8226: 8191: 7939: 7916: 7905: 7832: 7795: 7539: 7435: 7417: 7361: 7352: 7269: 7197: 7048: 7039: 6997: 6969: 6927: 6860: 6851: 6842: 6808: 6775: 6747: 6738: 6688: 6555: 6242: 6156: 6147: 6138: 6134: 6121: 6063: 6045:Buddhism and Christianity 6037: 6009:Hajj Muhammad Legenhausen 5986: 5847: 5834: 5626:Resources in your library 5440:Leon Klenicki ed., 1991, 5430:Internal Journal of Acpcs 5385:, Univ. of Chicago Press. 5155:. Sri Granth. p. 67. 4620:10.1017/S0020743800055501 4286:See Swami Bhaskarananda, 4051:(ABC-Clio, 2006), p. 974. 3862:Internal Journal of Acpcs 3693:World Council of Churches 3118:Blind men and an elephant 3046: 2835:Islam and other religions 2686: 2661: 2570: 2342:Classical Christian views 1560:fundamentalist Christians 1431:within a single religion. 1402:(based on the concept of 1390:European wars of religion 994:Blasphemy laws by country 9973:Central African Republic 7007:Vietnamese folk religion 6398:Charismatic Christianity 5416:Kalmin, Richard (1994), 5378:, San Francisco: Harper. 4867:Shari`a: The Islamic Law 4169:John Macquarrie (1996). 4004:(Blackwell, 2007), p. 4. 3789:Silk, Mark (July 2007). 3658:Progressive Christianity 3546:Philosophical Dictionary 3506:Zinnbauer Pargament 2000 3453:, who on the pleas of a 2711: 2368:one and only true Church 2298:, both claim to be the " 2227:, found as far north as 2158:Mithras slaying the bull 1967:Edicts of Emperor Ashoka 1522:religious discrimination 429:Central African Republic 282:Religious discrimination 9867:New religious movements 9505:Theories about religion 9458:Evolutionary psychology 8487:Modern Finnish paganism 6474:Independent Catholicism 5999:Jacques Dupuis (Jesuit) 5699:Michael Barnes Norton. 5674:, retrieved 2009-07-16. 5383:The Root and the Branch 4761:Michael Bonner (2008), 4657:Oxford University Press 4542:Oxford University Press 4445:Oxford University Press 4424:Oxford University Press 4173:. New York: Continuum. 3341:, the holy book of the 3156:Prophethood (Ahmadiyya) 2474:Mystical Body of Christ 2358:, Orthodox Christians, 2296:Eastern Orthodox Church 2147:restrict the Bacchanals 2075:great number of deities 1736:decline of Christianity 1696:ancient Indian religion 1641:Front page of the 1555 1554:argue fiercely against 1475:Temple of All Religions 1440:religious denominations 1295:Serbian Orthodox Church 1184:New religious movements 930:Palestinian territories 10516:Bosnia and Herzegovina 8502:Erzyan native religion 8351:Unitarian Universalism 7740:Native American Church 6518:Oneness Pentecostalism 5943:Philosophy of religion 5349:Beneke, Chris (2006). 5301:Pensées philosophiques 4711:jewishencyclopedia.com 4334:Arvind Sharma (2006). 4288:Essentials of Hinduism 4146:(pp. 167–68). London: 4026:G. W. Bromiley (ed.), 3823:10.15575/kt.v5i1.20508 3738:10.15575/kt.v5i1.20508 3678:Unitarian Universalism 3509: 3429: 3406: 3378: 3372: 3366: 3357: 3147: 3138: 3130: 3044: 3009: 2994: 2926:communities living in 2857:Constitution of Medina 2830: 2731:relies excessively on 2709: 2675: 2650: 2631: 2591: 2514: 2490: 2410:Modern Christian views 2333: 2276: 2237:monotheistic religions 2173: 2137: 2010:Ancient Greek religion 2001: 1978: 1958: 1942: 1916: 1859:Progressive revelation 1834: 1824:Unitarian Universalism 1649: 1501: 1485: 1467: 1305: 1303:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1279: 1177:Religious antisemitism 199:self-published sources 10836:Saint Kitts and Nevis 10133:São Tomé and Príncipe 9993:Republic of the Congo 8199:Aboriginal Australian 6870:Chinese folk religion 6050:Buddhism and Hinduism 5911:Traditionalist School 5701:"Religious Pluralism" 5573:Albanese, Catherine, 5555:Ankerl, Guy (2000) . 5538:Abdelmassieh, Francis 5333:The Miracle of Theism 5331:Mackie, J. L., 1982. 5229:Nils Friberg (2001). 4361:Richard King (2013). 3921:Chad Meister (2010), 3900:"What is relativism?" 3877:Chad Meister (2010), 3499: 3410: 3402: 3373: 3367: 3361: 3347: 3339:Sri Guru Granth Sahib 3296:Further information: 3164:understanding of the 3142: 3134: 3125: 3017: 2998: 2978: 2821: 2755:"Religious pluralism" 2683: 2658: 2639: 2595: 2567: 2500: 2482: 2328: 2266: 2189:international deities 2155: 2014:Greco-Roman mysteries 1986: 1963: 1947: 1922: 1907: 1852:Manifestations of God 1749: 1640: 1518:religious persecution 1491: 1473: 1462: 1449:Definition and scopes 1418:Traditionalist School 1285: 1262:of the war memorial ( 1257: 1026:Religious persecution 119:"Religious pluralism" 10458:United Arab Emirates 9249:Religious experience 8623:Historical religions 7027:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương 6359:Schwenkfelder Church 6014:John Courtney Murray 5953:Religious syncretism 5936:Cambridge Platonists 5865:Comparative theology 5860:Comparative religion 5649:at Wikimedia Commons 5018:Dundas (2002) p. 231 4466:Abou El Fadl, Khaled 4290:(Viveka Press 2002) 3699:New Message from God 3673:Religious liberalism 3643:Perennial philosophy 3633:Multiconfessionalism 3608:Gamaliel's principle 3598:Comparative religion 3302:Hinduism and Sikhism 2672:Bhagavad Gita, 18:22 2286:impossible from the 2172:of the Roman Empire. 1704:Age of Enlightenment 1514:religious toleration 1414:religious syncretism 1405:philosophia perennis 287:Religious censorship 104:improve this article 11069:Religious pluralism 10851:Trinidad and Tobago 10746:Antigua and Barbuda 9914:Religion by country 8975:Cult of Magna Mater 7497:Philippine Dayawism 7078:Nimbarka Sampradaya 6826:Chinese Manichaeism 6498:Jehovah's Witnesses 6303:Proto-Protestantism 5948:Religious pluralism 5895:Interfaith marriage 5890:Interfaith dialogue 5828:Religious pluralism 5647:Religious pluralism 5617:Religious pluralism 5501:, WCC Publications. 5397:Rabbinical Assembly 5262:(16 January 2008). 5061:. Lexington Books. 4985:10.3390/rel12010051 4096:Classical Philology 3946:, 480(1), pp. 24–38 3603:Freedom of religion 3447:interfaith dialogue 2910:Indian subcontinent 2875:tax instead of the 2706:Bhagavad Gita, 4:11 2628:Rig Veda, 1.191.2-4 2433:Jehovah's Witnesses 2313:, described in the 2233:religious tolerance 2044:religious festivals 1455:Religious tolerance 1328:freedom of religion 1309:Religious pluralism 297:Religious pluralism 262:Freedom of religion 10786:Dominican Republic 9832:Abrahamic prophets 8926:Proto-Indo-Iranian 7470:Aliran Kepercayaan 6673:Non-denominational 6595:Modernist Salafism 6281:Oriental Orthodoxy 6024:Emanuel Swedenborg 5755:2009-10-16 at the 5588:Wrogemann, Henning 5474:Momen, M. (1997). 5374:Eck, Diane (2001) 5177:. Guilford Press. 5118:"pluarism in sggs" 4418:H. Patrick Glenn, 4127:2009-10-03 at the 4092:Arnaldo Momigliano 3906:. 21 January 2012. 3810:Khazanah Theologia 3725:Khazanah Theologia 3515:The profession of 3220:In modern practice 3213:A Message of Peace 3210:wrote in his book 3204:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 2831: 2826:, a symbol of the 2647:Uddhava Gita, 3:21 2588:Rig Veda, 1.164.46 2515: 2457:Vatican Council II 2277: 2174: 2103:imported from the 1917: 1835: 1724:freedom of thought 1650: 1534:cultural construct 1502: 1486: 1468: 1367:hostile separation 1306: 1280: 352:Confessional state 11056: 11055: 11024: 11023: 11020: 11019: 10008:Equatorial Guinea 9904: 9903: 9900: 9899: 9443:Cognitive science 9062: 9061: 8995:Mysteries of Isis 8769:Frankish paganism 8612: 8611: 8608: 8607: 8604: 8603: 8356:White Brotherhood 8222: 8221: 8187: 8186: 7531:Sundanese Wiwitan 7348: 7347: 7344: 7343: 7073:Brahma Sampradaya 7035: 7034: 6838: 6837: 6834: 6833: 6816:Assianism/Uatsdin 6734: 6733: 6503:British Israelism 6489:Nontrinitarianism 6452:Plymouth Brethren 6447:Nondenominational 6381:Congregationalism 6269:Eastern Orthodoxy 6217:Reconstructionist 6081: 6080: 6073:Philosophy portal 6019:Swami Vivekananda 5645:Media related to 5612:Library resources 5600:978-0-8308-5099-0 5550:978-3-643-91280-0 5275:978-0-547-34866-7 5247:978-0-7890-0939-5 5184:978-1-57230-664-6 5068:978-1-4985-6392-5 4732:"Jews of Morocco" 4374:978-1-134-63234-3 4347:978-1-933316-17-8 4252:Robert Magliola, 4239:Robert Magliola, 4156:978-0-281-05145-8 4077:Janet Huskinson, 3479:Kenneth Pargament 3425:Guru Granth Sahib 3415:the printer, and 3298:Islam and Sikhism 3206:, founder of the 3186:Chinese religions 3106:Attar of Nishapur 3027:you to harm them. 2816: 2815: 2808: 2790: 2557:For example, the 2470:Redemptor hominis 2468:'s statement, in 2452:baptism of desire 2429:Christian Science 2380:Oriental Orthodox 2170:mystery religions 2156:Marble relief of 2101:Mystery religions 2091:Etruscan religion 1939:Sutta Nipata, 796 1708:French Revolution 1647:Holy Roman Empire 1643:Peace of Augsburg 1599:Church of England 1584:Buddhas of Bamyan 1556:Roman Catholicism 1530:religious liberty 1526:Thirteen Colonies 1356:public expression 1264:Church of England 1252: 1251: 1088:Jehovah's Witness 1064:post–Cold War era 1016: 1015: 371:Status by country 292:Religious liberty 256: 255: 248: 238: 237: 230: 180: 179: 172: 154: 77: 16:(Redirected from 11076: 11046: 11036: 11035: 10914:Papua New Guinea 10889:Marshall Islands 10716:Northern Ireland 9921: 9920: 9910: 9909: 9794:Secular theology 9789:Secular humanism 9079: 9078: 9068: 9067: 8943:Ancestral Pueblo 8618: 8617: 8237: 8236: 7914: 7913: 7359: 7358: 7115:Shaiva Siddhanta 7046: 7045: 6979:Korean shamanism 6858: 6857: 6849: 6848: 6745: 6744: 6658:Mahdawi movement 6528:Swedenborgianism 6508:Christadelphians 6154: 6153: 6145: 6144: 6136: 6135: 6123: 6122: 6108: 6101: 6094: 6085: 6084: 5921:Multifaith space 5907:Moral relativism 5821: 5814: 5807: 5798: 5797: 5710: 5644: 5570: 5526: 5491: 5463: 5437: 5436:(Winter): 62–77. 5354: 5336: 5329: 5323: 5322: 5315:"Pascal's Wager" 5311: 5305: 5304: 5293: 5287: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5265:The God Delusion 5260:Dawkins, Richard 5256: 5250: 5227: 5218: 5200: 5189: 5188: 5168: 5157: 5156: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5114: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5093: 5087: 5086: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5052: 5046: 5043: 5037: 5034: 5028: 5025: 5019: 5016: 5010: 5003: 4997: 4987: 4963: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4937: 4931: 4924: 4918: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4885: 4879: 4876: 4870: 4863: 4857: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4838: 4832: 4826: 4817: 4814: 4808: 4805: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4780: 4774: 4759: 4753: 4746: 4740: 4739: 4728: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4702: 4696: 4684: 4678: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4646: 4640: 4639: 4603: 4597: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4539: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4462: 4456: 4433: 4427: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4331: 4325: 4324: 4304: 4298: 4284: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4263: 4257: 4250: 4244: 4237: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4187: 4181: 4167: 4158: 4138: 4132: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4099: 4088: 4082: 4075: 4069: 4058: 4052: 4045: 4039: 4024: 4018: 4013:Matthew Bunson, 4011: 4005: 3995: 3989: 3981: 3975: 3969: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3953: 3947: 3940: 3934: 3919: 3908: 3907: 3896: 3890: 3887:978-0-19534013-6 3875: 3866: 3865: 3853: 3844: 3843: 3825: 3801: 3795: 3794: 3786: 3780: 3774: 3768: 3762: 3751: 3750: 3740: 3716: 3638:Multifaith space 3586: 3581: 3580: 3507: 3355: 3193:Khalifatul Maish 3140:Rumi also says: 3132:Rumi also says: 3042: 3007: 2992: 2851:was declared by 2811: 2804: 2800: 2797: 2791: 2789: 2748: 2724: 2716: 2707: 2698: 2691: 2690: 2677:It also affirms 2673: 2666: 2665: 2652:Conversely, the 2648: 2629: 2611: 2589: 2580: 2573: 2572: 2561:states that the 2448:deposit of faith 2376:Eastern Orthodox 2140: 2026:For the Romans, 1956: 1940: 1930: 1674:, in particular 1664:Ludwig Feuerbach 1394:moral relativism 1358:, and promoting 1354:that is open to 1322:Recognizing and 1244: 1237: 1230: 376: 375: 312:Anti-clericalism 258: 257: 251: 244: 233: 226: 222: 219: 213: 190: 189: 182: 175: 168: 164: 161: 155: 153: 112: 88: 80: 69: 47: 46: 39: 21: 11084: 11083: 11079: 11078: 11077: 11075: 11074: 11073: 11059: 11058: 11057: 11052: 11016: 10943: 10924:Solomon Islands 10860: 10732: 10636:North Macedonia 10477: 10202: 9915: 9896: 9857:Mass gatherings 9825: 9820: 9813: 9752: 9747: 9738: 9677:Religiocentrism 9657:National church 9525: 9522: 9514: 9429: 9422: 9359: 9281:Bodies of water 9073: 9058: 8843:Jamaican Maroon 8625: 8600: 8537: 8367: 8360: 8231: 8229: 8218: 8183: 8157:Trinidad Orisha 7942: 7935: 7908: 7901: 7828: 7791: 7542: 7535: 7431: 7413: 7340: 7314:Srilankan Vedda 7265: 7193: 7068:Sri Vaishnavism 7031: 6993: 6965: 6923: 6830: 6804: 6771: 6730: 6684: 6609:Twelver Shi'ism 6551: 6413:Neo-charismatic 6386:Presbyterianism 6238: 6130: 6117: 6112: 6082: 6077: 6068:Religion portal 6059: 6055:Three teachings 6033: 6029:Paul F. Knitter 5994:Eknath Easwaran 5982: 5843: 5830: 5825: 5783: 5766: 5757:Wayback Machine 5746: 5729: 5717: 5637: 5636: 5635: 5620: 5619: 5615: 5608: 5567: 5534: 5532:Further reading 5488: 5460: 5345: 5340: 5339: 5330: 5326: 5313: 5312: 5308: 5294: 5290: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5257: 5253: 5235:David O. Moberg 5228: 5221: 5201: 5192: 5185: 5169: 5160: 5151: 5150: 5146: 5137: 5136: 5132: 5122: 5120: 5116: 5115: 5111: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5081: 5080: 5076: 5069: 5053: 5049: 5044: 5040: 5035: 5031: 5026: 5022: 5017: 5013: 4964: 4960: 4950: 4948: 4939: 4938: 4934: 4928:Balagh Magazine 4925: 4921: 4912: 4908: 4898: 4896: 4894:Islam News Room 4888:Adl, Ansar Al. 4886: 4882: 4877: 4873: 4864: 4860: 4850: 4848: 4840: 4839: 4835: 4827: 4820: 4815: 4811: 4806: 4802: 4792: 4790: 4782: 4781: 4777: 4760: 4756: 4747: 4743: 4730: 4729: 4725: 4715: 4713: 4703: 4699: 4685: 4681: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4659:. p. 144. 4647: 4643: 4604: 4600: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4563: 4559: 4552: 4530: 4526: 4519: 4499: 4495: 4484: 4476:. p. 204. 4463: 4459: 4434: 4430: 4426:, 2007, p. 219. 4417: 4413: 4402: 4386: 4382: 4375: 4359: 4355: 4348: 4332: 4328: 4321: 4305: 4301: 4285: 4281: 4271: 4269: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4251: 4247: 4238: 4234: 4224: 4222: 4214: 4213: 4209: 4188: 4184: 4168: 4161: 4139: 4135: 4129:Wayback Machine 4119:Jason Carlson, 4118: 4114: 4106: 4102: 4089: 4085: 4076: 4072: 4059: 4055: 4046: 4042: 4025: 4021: 4012: 4008: 3996: 3992: 3979: 3976: 3972: 3962: 3960: 3955: 3954: 3950: 3941: 3937: 3920: 3911: 3898: 3897: 3893: 3876: 3869: 3854: 3847: 3802: 3798: 3787: 3783: 3775: 3771: 3763: 3754: 3717: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3584:Religion portal 3582: 3575: 3572: 3530: 3525: 3508: 3505: 3471: 3431:Most of the 15 3356: 3353: 3304: 3294: 3263: 3257: 3222: 3158: 3152: 3049: 3043: 3035: 3032: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3008: 3005: 2993: 2987:Surah At-Tawbah 2985: 2949:"self-marriage" 2843:(then known as 2837: 2812: 2801: 2795: 2792: 2749: 2747: 2741: 2737:primary sources 2725: 2714: 2708: 2705: 2688: 2674: 2671: 2663: 2649: 2646: 2630: 2627: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2590: 2587: 2533:Sanatana Dharma 2529:Advaita Vedanta 2521: 2495: 2478:Robert Magliola 2440:Catholic Church 2412: 2364:Catholic Church 2356:Roman Catholics 2344: 2311:John Macquarrie 2300:one true church 2292:Catholic Church 2269:Christian cross 2261: 2255: 2249: 2215:), and Gods of 2135:", conspiracy ( 2109:Ptolemaic Egypt 2024: 2006: 1957: 1954: 1941: 1938: 1927: 1902: 1841: 1817: 1800: 1783: 1766: 1744: 1670:concluded that 1668:Ernst Troeltsch 1635: 1629: 1457: 1451: 1416:, those of the 1330:, and defining 1287:Catholic church 1248: 1218:Religion portal 1212: 1211: 1210: 1076:Catholic Church 1028: 1018: 1017: 822:North Macedonia 787:Northern Cyprus 594:Northern Cyprus 373: 363: 362: 361: 337: 336: 327:Confessionalism 271: 252: 241: 240: 239: 234: 223: 217: 214: 203: 191: 187: 176: 165: 159: 156: 113: 111: 101: 89: 48: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11082: 11072: 11071: 11054: 11053: 11051: 11050: 11040: 11029: 11026: 11025: 11022: 11021: 11018: 11017: 11015: 11014: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10974: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10953: 10951: 10945: 10944: 10942: 10941: 10936: 10931: 10926: 10921: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10891: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10870: 10868: 10862: 10861: 10859: 10858: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10838: 10833: 10828: 10823: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10742: 10740: 10734: 10733: 10731: 10730: 10729: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10706:United Kingdom 10703: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10598: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10578: 10573: 10568: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10513: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10487: 10485: 10479: 10478: 10476: 10475: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10334: 10333: 10328: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10212: 10210: 10204: 10203: 10201: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10185: 10180: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10105: 10100: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10005: 10000: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9940: 9935: 9929: 9927: 9917: 9916: 9906: 9905: 9902: 9901: 9898: 9897: 9895: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9828: 9826: 9818: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9799:Secularization 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9779:Deconstruction 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9755: 9753: 9743: 9740: 9739: 9737: 9736: 9731: 9730: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9679: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9632:Fundamentalism 9629: 9628: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9586: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9565: 9564: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9539: 9534: 9528: 9526: 9519: 9516: 9515: 9513: 9512: 9507: 9502: 9497: 9496: 9495: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9434: 9432: 9424: 9423: 9421: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9369: 9367: 9361: 9360: 9358: 9357: 9356: 9355: 9350: 9345: 9335: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9299: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9273: 9272: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9205: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9110: 9108:Call to prayer 9105: 9100: 9095: 9093:Disaffiliation 9085: 9083: 9075: 9074: 9064: 9063: 9060: 9059: 9057: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9020: 9019: 9014: 9009: 8999: 8998: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8967: 8962: 8961: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8940: 8939: 8938: 8933: 8923: 8922: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8896: 8891: 8890: 8889: 8879: 8878: 8877: 8872: 8862: 8857: 8856: 8855: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8809: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8791:Greco-Buddhism 8788: 8778: 8777: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8751: 8746: 8745: 8744: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8723: 8722: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8701: 8700: 8695: 8685: 8680: 8679: 8678: 8673: 8668: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8642: 8641: 8630: 8627: 8626: 8614: 8613: 8610: 8609: 8606: 8605: 8602: 8601: 8599: 8598: 8597: 8596: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8545: 8543: 8539: 8538: 8536: 8535: 8534: 8533: 8521: 8516: 8515: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8433: 8432: 8422: 8421: 8420: 8415: 8405: 8404: 8403: 8398: 8388: 8383: 8382: 8381: 8372: 8370: 8362: 8361: 8359: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8342: 8341: 8336: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8305: 8304: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8243: 8241: 8234: 8224: 8223: 8220: 8219: 8217: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8195: 8193: 8189: 8188: 8185: 8184: 8182: 8181: 8180: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8152:Tambor de Mina 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8108: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8078: 8077: 8076: 8075: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7979: 7978: 7973: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7947: 7945: 7937: 7936: 7934: 7933: 7932: 7931: 7929:Guanche church 7920: 7918: 7911: 7903: 7902: 7900: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7838: 7836: 7834:Tibeto-Burmese 7830: 7829: 7827: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7805: 7803: 7793: 7792: 7790: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7773: 7772: 7767: 7757: 7752: 7750:Nuu-chah-nulth 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7731: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7694: 7693: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7672: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7659:Muscogee Creek 7656: 7651: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7596: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7564: 7563: 7553: 7547: 7545: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7533: 7528: 7526:Sumbese Marapu 7523: 7522: 7521: 7516: 7506: 7505: 7504: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7478: 7477: 7472: 7464: 7463: 7462: 7457: 7447: 7445:Batak Parmalim 7441: 7439: 7433: 7432: 7430: 7429: 7423: 7421: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7411: 7410: 7409: 7404: 7394: 7393: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7367: 7365: 7356: 7350: 7349: 7346: 7345: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7338: 7337: 7336: 7331: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7300: 7299: 7294: 7284: 7279: 7273: 7271: 7267: 7266: 7264: 7263: 7256: 7251: 7250: 7249: 7239: 7238: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7209: 7203: 7201: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7191: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7153: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7107: 7106: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7054: 7052: 7043: 7037: 7036: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7003: 7001: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6975: 6973: 6967: 6966: 6964: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6947: 6946: 6933: 6931: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6921: 6920: 6919: 6914: 6904: 6903: 6902: 6897: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6866: 6864: 6855: 6846: 6840: 6839: 6836: 6835: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6812: 6810: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6781: 6779: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6757:Ilm-e-Khshnoom 6753: 6751: 6742: 6736: 6735: 6732: 6731: 6729: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6692: 6690: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6682: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6644: 6643: 6633: 6628: 6627: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6601: 6600: 6599: 6598: 6597: 6592: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6561: 6559: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6549: 6542: 6541: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6494:Bible Students 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6464:Restorationism 6461: 6460: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6443: 6442: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6420:Evangelicalism 6417: 6416: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6395: 6394: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6362: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6331: 6321: 6320: 6319: 6314: 6300: 6299: 6298: 6293: 6283: 6278: 6277: 6276: 6266: 6265: 6264: 6259: 6248: 6246: 6240: 6239: 6237: 6236: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6193: 6192: 6191: 6190: 6180: 6179: 6178: 6162: 6160: 6151: 6142: 6132: 6131: 6119: 6118: 6111: 6110: 6103: 6096: 6088: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6075: 6070: 6064: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6041: 6039: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5990: 5988: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5939: 5938: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5904: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5885:Indifferentism 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5851: 5849: 5845: 5844: 5842: 5841: 5835: 5832: 5831: 5824: 5823: 5816: 5809: 5801: 5795: 5794: 5789: 5782: 5779: 5778: 5777: 5772: 5765: 5762: 5761: 5760: 5750:Big Picture TV 5745: 5742: 5741: 5740: 5735: 5728: 5725: 5724: 5723: 5716: 5713: 5712: 5711: 5696: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5634: 5633: 5628: 5622: 5621: 5610: 5609: 5607: 5606:External links 5604: 5603: 5602: 5585: 5571: 5565: 5552: 5544:Münster: LIT. 5533: 5530: 5529: 5528: 5502: 5492: 5486: 5471: 5464: 5458: 5445: 5438: 5421: 5414: 5407: 5400: 5391:et al., 1988, 5386: 5379: 5372: 5356: 5344: 5341: 5338: 5337: 5324: 5306: 5297:Diderot, Denis 5288: 5274: 5251: 5219: 5190: 5183: 5158: 5144: 5130: 5109: 5088: 5074: 5067: 5047: 5038: 5029: 5020: 5011: 4958: 4947:. 29 July 2021 4932: 4919: 4906: 4880: 4871: 4858: 4833: 4818: 4809: 4800: 4775: 4771:978-0691138381 4754: 4741: 4723: 4697: 4679: 4665: 4641: 4598: 4584: 4578:. p. 74. 4557: 4550: 4524: 4517: 4493: 4483:978-0061189036 4482: 4457: 4453:978-0199359363 4428: 4411: 4401:978-9956726950 4400: 4380: 4373: 4353: 4346: 4326: 4319: 4299: 4279: 4258: 4245: 4232: 4207: 4182: 4159: 4133: 4112: 4100: 4083: 4070: 4053: 4040: 4019: 4006: 3990: 3970: 3948: 3935: 3931:978-0195340136 3909: 3891: 3867: 3845: 3796: 3781: 3769: 3752: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3701: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3618:Indifferentism 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3571: 3568: 3555:Pascal's wager 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3503: 3491:constructivist 3470: 3467: 3351: 3293: 3290: 3259:Main article: 3256: 3253: 3221: 3218: 3184:, founders of 3151: 3148: 3048: 3045: 3033: 3018: 3003: 2983: 2928:Islamic states 2914:Ottoman Millet 2894:religious laws 2886:Islamic ethics 2833:Main article: 2814: 2813: 2728: 2726: 2719: 2713: 2710: 2703: 2669: 2644: 2625: 2585: 2494: 2491: 2421:restorationist 2411: 2408: 2343: 2340: 2251:Main article: 2248: 2245: 2160:(2nd century, 2145:'s efforts to 2064:Vestal Virgins 2036:Roman calendar 2005: 2002: 1952: 1936: 1901: 1898: 1837:Main article: 1832:Zoroastrianism 1743: 1740: 1732:secularization 1657:post-modernity 1631:Main article: 1628: 1625: 1595:Lateran Treaty 1453:Main article: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1443: 1432: 1421: 1397: 1378: 1365:as opposed to 1316:belief systems 1299:Bosanska Krupa 1250: 1249: 1247: 1246: 1239: 1232: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1214: 1213: 1209: 1208: 1206:Zoroastrianism 1203: 1198: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1181: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1159: 1158: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1122: 1112: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1079: 1078: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1014: 1013: 1012: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 983: 982: 978: 977: 976: 975: 967: 966: 960: 959: 958: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 879: 878: 872: 871: 870: 869: 867:United Kingdom 864: 859: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 731: 730: 724: 723: 722: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 543: 542: 536: 535: 534: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 490: 489: 479: 478: 477: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 383: 382: 374: 369: 368: 365: 364: 360: 359: 354: 349: 344: 342:State religion 338: 335: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 273: 272: 269: 268: 265: 264: 254: 253: 236: 235: 194: 192: 185: 178: 177: 92: 90: 83: 78: 52: 51: 49: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11081: 11070: 11067: 11066: 11064: 11049: 11045: 11041: 11039: 11031: 11030: 11027: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10954: 10952: 10950: 10949:South America 10946: 10940: 10937: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10925: 10922: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10871: 10869: 10867: 10863: 10857: 10856:United States 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10743: 10741: 10739: 10738:North America 10735: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10708: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10609: 10607: 10604: 10602: 10599: 10597: 10596:Liechtenstein 10594: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10534: 10532: 10529: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10488: 10486: 10484: 10480: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10323: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10213: 10211: 10209: 10205: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10048:Guinea-Bissau 10046: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9930: 9928: 9926: 9922: 9918: 9911: 9907: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9872:Organizations 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9816: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9735: 9732: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9714: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9702:Vegetarianism 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9647:Homosexuality 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9607: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9570: 9569: 9566: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9548: 9547: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9517: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9494: 9491: 9490: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9468:Neurotheology 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9435: 9433: 9431: 9425: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9370: 9368: 9366: 9362: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9340: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9278: 9277: 9274: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9256: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9189: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9162:Folk religion 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9090: 9087: 9086: 9084: 9080: 9076: 9069: 9065: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9004: 9003: 9000: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8985:Imperial cult 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8972: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8945: 8944: 8941: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8928: 8927: 8924: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8901: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8888: 8885: 8884: 8883: 8880: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8867: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8854: 8851: 8850: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8783: 8782: 8779: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8756: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8743: 8740: 8739: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8721: 8718: 8717: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8690: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8677: 8674: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8664: 8663: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8640: 8637: 8636: 8635: 8632: 8631: 8628: 8624: 8619: 8615: 8595: 8592: 8591: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8554:Discordianism 8552: 8550: 8549:Anthroposophy 8547: 8546: 8544: 8540: 8532: 8531: 8527: 8526: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8497:Mari religion 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8479: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8431: 8428: 8427: 8426: 8423: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8410: 8409: 8406: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8393: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8380: 8377: 8376: 8374: 8373: 8371: 8369: 8363: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8334:Neo-Theosophy 8332: 8331: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8303: 8300: 8299: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8272:New Acropolis 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8244: 8242: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8225: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8196: 8194: 8190: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8092: 8091: 8088: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8080: 8079: 8074: 8071: 8070: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7968: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7948: 7946: 7944: 7938: 7930: 7927: 7926: 7925: 7922: 7921: 7919: 7917:North African 7915: 7912: 7910: 7904: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7835: 7831: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7806: 7804: 7802: 7798: 7794: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7762: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7710: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7692: 7689: 7688: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7681:Kwakwakaʼwakw 7679: 7677: 7674: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7646: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7580: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7562: 7559: 7558: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7538: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7511: 7510: 7507: 7503: 7500: 7499: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7467: 7465: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7452: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7434: 7428: 7425: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7419:Austroasiatic 7416: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7399: 7398: 7395: 7391: 7390:Vattisen Yaly 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7377: 7376: 7372: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7364: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7351: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7326: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7309:Kirat Mundhum 7307: 7305: 7302: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7289: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7274: 7272: 7268: 7262: 7261: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7248: 7245: 7244: 7243: 7240: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7215: 7214: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7204: 7202: 7200: 7196: 7190: 7189: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7112: 7111: 7108: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7060: 7059: 7056: 7055: 7053: 7051: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7038: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7002: 7000: 6996: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6972: 6968: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6945: 6944: 6940: 6939: 6938: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6926: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6909: 6908: 6905: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6892: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6841: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6813: 6811: 6807: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6782: 6780: 6778: 6774: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6750: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6737: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6681: 6680: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6668:Milah Abraham 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6606: 6605: 6602: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6587: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6567: 6566: 6563: 6562: 6560: 6558: 6554: 6548: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6495: 6492: 6491: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6441: 6438: 6437: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6400: 6399: 6396: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6378: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6336: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6326: 6325: 6324:Protestantism 6322: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6309: 6306: 6305: 6304: 6301: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6288: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6275: 6272: 6271: 6270: 6267: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6254: 6253: 6250: 6249: 6247: 6245: 6241: 6235: 6234: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6189: 6186: 6185: 6184: 6181: 6177: 6174: 6173: 6172: 6169: 6168: 6167: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6109: 6104: 6102: 6097: 6095: 6090: 6089: 6086: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6065: 6062: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6036: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5985: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5937: 5934: 5933: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5902: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5855:Belief system 5853: 5852: 5850: 5846: 5840: 5837: 5836: 5833: 5829: 5822: 5817: 5815: 5810: 5808: 5803: 5802: 5799: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5767: 5758: 5754: 5751: 5748: 5747: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5730: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5708: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5695: 5694: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5673: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5648: 5643: 5639: 5638: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5583:0-534-50457-4 5580: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5566:2-88155-004-5 5562: 5558: 5553: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5536: 5535: 5524: 5520: 5517:(2): 162–71. 5516: 5512: 5508: 5503: 5500: 5496: 5493: 5489: 5487:1-85168-209-0 5483: 5479: 5478: 5472: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5459:9780137154944 5455: 5451: 5446: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5422: 5419: 5415: 5412: 5408: 5405: 5401: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5389:Robert Gordis 5387: 5384: 5380: 5377: 5373: 5370: 5366: 5365: 5360: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5346: 5334: 5328: 5320: 5316: 5310: 5302: 5298: 5292: 5277: 5271: 5267: 5266: 5261: 5255: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5226: 5224: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5199: 5197: 5195: 5186: 5180: 5176: 5175: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5154: 5148: 5140: 5134: 5119: 5113: 5098: 5092: 5084: 5078: 5070: 5064: 5060: 5059: 5051: 5042: 5033: 5024: 5015: 5009: 5007: 5002: 4995: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4962: 4946: 4942: 4936: 4929: 4923: 4916: 4910: 4895: 4891: 4884: 4875: 4868: 4862: 4847: 4843: 4837: 4830: 4825: 4823: 4813: 4804: 4789: 4785: 4779: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4758: 4751: 4745: 4737: 4733: 4727: 4712: 4708: 4701: 4695: 4691: 4688: 4683: 4668: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4653: 4645: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4602: 4587: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4572: 4567: 4566:Mark R. Cohen 4561: 4553: 4547: 4543: 4538: 4537: 4528: 4520: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4505: 4497: 4490: 4485: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4461: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4432: 4425: 4421: 4415: 4408: 4403: 4397: 4393: 4392: 4384: 4376: 4370: 4366: 4365: 4357: 4349: 4343: 4339: 4338: 4330: 4322: 4320:9780766129757 4316: 4312: 4311: 4303: 4297: 4296:1-884852-04-1 4293: 4289: 4283: 4268: 4262: 4255: 4249: 4242: 4236: 4221: 4217: 4211: 4203: 4199: 4198: 4193: 4186: 4180: 4179:0-8264-1170-3 4176: 4172: 4166: 4164: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4144: 4137: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4116: 4109: 4104: 4097: 4093: 4087: 4080: 4074: 4067: 4063: 4057: 4050: 4044: 4037: 4036:0-8028-3784-0 4033: 4029: 4023: 4016: 4010: 4003: 3999: 3994: 3987: 3983: 3974: 3958: 3952: 3945: 3939: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3874: 3872: 3863: 3859: 3852: 3850: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3800: 3792: 3785: 3778: 3773: 3766: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3748: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3715: 3711: 3700: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3585: 3579: 3574: 3567: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3551:Denis Diderot 3548: 3547: 3542: 3541: 3536: 3520: 3518: 3513: 3502: 3498: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3477: 3466: 3464: 3463:Moghul Empire 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3441: 3436: 3434: 3428: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3382:Bhagat Namdev 3377: 3371: 3365: 3360: 3350: 3346: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3320:righteousness 3317: 3314:and ultimate 3313: 3309: 3303: 3299: 3289: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3278:andhgajnyaya 3275: 3271: 3267: 3262: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3241: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3217: 3215: 3214: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3198: 3194: 3189: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3157: 3146: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3115: 3114:Salim Chishti 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3090:Shams Tabrizi 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3041: 3038: 3037:Surah An-Nisa 3031: 3016: 3014: 3002: 2997: 2991: 2988: 2982: 2977: 2975: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2950: 2947: 2943: 2937: 2935: 2934: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2882: 2880: 2879: 2874: 2873: 2868: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2836: 2829: 2828:Islamic world 2825: 2820: 2810: 2807: 2799: 2788: 2785: 2781: 2778: 2774: 2771: 2767: 2764: 2760: 2757: – 2756: 2752: 2751:Find sources: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2729:This article 2727: 2723: 2718: 2717: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2692: 2682: 2680: 2668: 2657: 2655: 2654:Bhagavad Gita 2643: 2638: 2636: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2594: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2574: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2536: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2489: 2487: 2481: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2462: 2461:Nostra aetate 2458: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2400:secundum quid 2397: 2393: 2389: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2360:Episcopalians 2357: 2353: 2349: 2339: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2254: 2244: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2229:Roman Britain 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2181: 2179: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2154: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2050: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2000: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1985: 1983: 1977: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1962: 1951: 1946: 1935: 1931: 1929: 1921: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1846:, founder of 1845: 1840: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1739: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1698:, as well as 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1572:Enlightenment 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1510:United States 1507: 1499: 1495: 1490: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1444: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1430: 1429:denominations 1426: 1422: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1410:universalists 1407: 1406: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1352:public square 1349: 1345: 1344:non-sectarian 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1320: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1310: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1256: 1245: 1240: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1226: 1225: 1223: 1222: 1219: 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7254:Neo-Buddhism 7186: 7182:Neo-Hinduism 7103:Swaminarayan 6941: 6890:Salvationist 6875:Confucianism 6726:Samaritanism 6696:Ali-Illahism 6677: 6544: 6538:Unitarianism 6479:Old Catholic 6286:Nestorianism 6244:Christianity 6231: 6197:Conservative 5978:Universalism 5947: 5931:Perennialism 5899: 5827: 5727:Christianity 5704: 5691: 5616: 5591: 5574: 5556: 5541: 5514: 5510: 5498: 5476: 5467: 5449: 5441: 5433: 5429: 5417: 5410: 5403: 5392: 5382: 5375: 5368: 5363: 5350: 5332: 5327: 5318: 5309: 5300: 5291: 5279:. 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Retrieved 3951: 3943: 3938: 3922: 3903: 3894: 3878: 3861: 3816:(1): 71–86. 3813: 3809: 3799: 3790: 3784: 3779:, p. 5. 3772: 3767:, p. 6. 3731:(1): 71–86. 3728: 3724: 3714: 3688:Universalism 3563:J. L. Mackie 3544: 3538: 3531: 3514: 3510: 3500: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3483:rejectionist 3482: 3476:psychologist 3472: 3444: 3439: 3437: 3433:Sikh Bhagats 3430: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3386:Bhagat Kabir 3379: 3374: 3368: 3362: 3359:As well as: 3358: 3348: 3336: 3305: 3285: 3277: 3266:Anekāntavāda 3265: 3264: 3261:Anekantavada 3249: 3235:Saudi Arabia 3223: 3211: 3202: 3190: 3169: 3159: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3122: 3110:Amir Khusrow 3086:Shah Hussain 3078:Sheikh Farid 3057:Pir (Sufism) 3050: 3019: 3010: 2999: 2995: 2979: 2971: 2960: 2957: 2944:practice of 2938: 2931: 2923: 2917: 2883: 2876: 2870: 2864: 2844: 2838: 2802: 2793: 2783: 2776: 2769: 2762: 2750: 2730: 2700: 2693: 2684: 2676: 2659: 2651: 2640: 2635:Uddhava Gita 2632: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2596: 2592: 2582: 2575: 2568: 2556: 2537: 2522: 2483: 2466:John Paul II 2437: 2413: 2387: 2384: 2372:Jesus Christ 2352:Nicene Creed 2348:Great Schism 2345: 2334: 2329: 2314: 2308: 2302:" and that " 2281: 2278: 2273:Christianity 2247:Christianity 2225:Sol Invictus 2217:solar monism 2195:(among them 2182: 2175: 2129:family rites 2099: 2072: 2047: 2040:Imperial Era 2025: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1987: 1979: 1974: 1971: 1964: 1959: 1948: 1943: 1932: 1923: 1918: 1895: 1891:Baháʼí Faith 1856: 1848:Baháʼí Faith 1842: 1764:Christianity 1752:Baháʼí Faith 1742:Baháʼí Faith 1661: 1651: 1611:. Likewise, 1603: 1592: 1588:World War II 1538: 1505: 1503: 1492:Congress of 1403: 1400:Perennialism 1399: 1348:public forum 1308: 1307: 1268:Christianity 1172:Anti-Judaism 1167:Antisemitism 1155:Islamophobia 1054:Christianity 1044:Baháʼí Faith 940:Saudi Arabia 709:Turkmenistan 464:South Africa 409:Burkina Faso 296: 242: 224: 215: 204:Please help 196: 166: 157: 147: 140: 133: 126: 114: 102:Please help 97:verification 94: 70: 63: 57: 56:Please help 53: 36: 10904:New Zealand 10841:Saint Lucia 10791:El Salvador 10696:Switzerland 10631:Netherlands 10403:Philippines 10331:South Korea 10326:North Korea 10216:Afghanistan 10163:South Sudan 10053:Ivory Coast 9837:Deification 9784:Objectivism 9759:Agnosticism 9717:Persecution 9707:Video games 9672:Populations 9583:Proselytism 9551:Monasticism 9542:Clericalism 9532:Agriculture 9523:and society 9488:Soteriology 9448:Comparative 9418:Transtheism 9403:Panentheism 9187:Monasticism 8980:Gallo-Roman 8882:Micronesian 8848:Manichaeism 8796:Hermeticism 8764:Continental 8759:Anglo-Saxon 8639:Paleolithic 8634:Prehistoric 8584:Scientology 8447:Italo-Roman 8302:Radha Soami 8282:New Thought 8122:Espiritismo 8063:Waaqeffanna 8003:Fon and Ewe 7941:Sub-Saharan 7824:Satsana Phi 7620:Ghost Dance 7578:Californian 7556:Anishinaabe 7487:Karo Pemena 7466:Indonesian 7140:Lingayatism 7088:Mahanubhava 7058:Vaishnavism 6989:Jeungsanism 6912:Folk Taoism 6895:Xiantiandao 6749:Zoroastrian 6408:Charismatic 6403:Pentecostal 6366:Anglicanism 6317:Waldensians 6252:Catholicism 5880:Inclusivism 5497:ed., 1996, 5452:. Wharton. 5359:Ashk Dahlén 5343:Works cited 5123:4 September 5102:4 September 4773:, pp. 23–31 3933:, pp. 62–72 3889:, pp. 32–57 3777:Beneke 2006 3765:Beneke 2006 3487:exclusivist 3330:as well as 3227:leave Islam 3191:The Second 3123:Rumi says: 3082:Bulleh Shah 2942:Zoroastrian 2538:In several 2505:(aum) is a 2444:Holy Spirit 2417:evangelical 2404:ecumenicism 2370:founded by 2346:Before the 2319:Anglicanism 2162:Louvre-Lens 2149:in 186 BC. 2117:Mesopotamia 2087:Greek myths 2046:and games ( 1844:Bahá'u'lláh 1609:inclusivism 1576:Afghanistan 1541:Exclusivist 1412:who accept 1382:inclusivism 1196:Neopaganism 1119:Hinduphobia 1071:Catholicism 876:Middle East 679:South Korea 664:Philippines 654:North Korea 549:Afghanistan 10894:Micronesia 10771:Costa Rica 10666:San Marino 10626:Montenegro 10606:Luxembourg 10463:Uzbekistan 10438:Tajikistan 10343:Kyrgyzstan 10316:Kazakhstan 10266:East Timor 10236:Bangladesh 10226:Azerbaijan 10143:Seychelles 10108:Mozambique 10093:Mauritania 10078:Madagascar 9968:Cape Verde 9750:irreligion 9745:Secularism 9652:Minorities 9620:Toleration 9615:Syncretism 9600:Fanaticism 9590:Disability 9578:Missionary 9568:Conversion 9556:Ordination 9478:Psychology 9473:Philosophy 9413:Polytheism 9393:Monotheism 9388:Henotheism 9229:Orthopraxy 9219:Ordination 9182:Meditation 9177:Indigenous 9142:Entheogens 9127:Conversion 8953:Pueblo III 8870:Babylonian 8860:Melanesian 8786:Gnosticism 8671:Lithuanian 8564:Fourth Way 8418:Circassian 8396:Dievturība 8319:Tensegrity 8252:Falun Gong 7897:Sanamahism 7877:Donyi-Polo 7509:Polynesian 7455:Kaharingan 7380:Burkhanism 7319:Ravidassia 7297:Śvetāmbara 7083:Pushtimarg 7063:Krishnaism 6999:Vietnamese 6984:Cheondoism 6917:Yao Taoism 6853:East Asian 6619:Isma'ilism 6575:Maturidism 6354:Mennonites 6349:Hutterites 6334:Anabaptism 6227:Humanistic 5973:Toleration 5968:Syncretism 5901:Mirari vos 4694:0805079327 4666:019518081X 4585:069101082X 4551:0195139917 4518:9041102418 4443:, p. 179. 4267:"Hinduism" 4225:7 February 3998:Jörg Rüpke 3963:4 November 3706:References 3523:Skepticism 3517:chaplaincy 3427:page 67) 3308:Sikh gurus 3154:See also: 3098:al-Ghazali 3094:Waris Shah 2953:Ibn Qayyim 2946:incestuous 2912:, and the 2906:Al-Andalus 2796:March 2024 2766:newspapers 2733:references 2517:See also: 2396:schismatic 2374:, but the 2257:See also: 2138:coniuratio 2022:Pax deorum 2008:See also: 1982:Dalai Lama 1712:liberalism 1694:, another 1613:syncretism 1605:Relativism 1568:witchcraft 1549:Protestant 1465:Kuta, Bali 1386:toleration 1375:secularism 1371:antitheism 1336:neutrality 1332:secularism 1324:tolerating 1110:Falun Gong 817:Montenegro 757:Azerbaijan 714:Uzbekistan 694:Tajikistan 619:Kazakhstan 564:Bangladesh 559:Azerbaijan 454:Mauritania 424:Cape Verde 302:Secularism 206:improve it 130:newspapers 59:improve it 11012:Venezuela 10957:Argentina 10874:Australia 10826:Nicaragua 10801:Guatemala 10601:Lithuania 10423:Sri Lanka 10418:Singapore 10398:Palestine 10286:Indonesia 10276:Hong Kong 10098:Mauritius 9819:Overviews 9774:Criticism 9722:Terrorism 9697:Theocracy 9642:Happiness 9610:Pluralism 9595:Education 9521:Religion 9493:Salvation 9483:Sociology 9428:Religious 9408:Pantheism 9398:Nontheism 9291:Mountains 9269:Sacrifice 9224:Orthodoxy 9214:Mythology 9209:Mysticism 9098:Behaviour 9007:Canaanite 8990:Mithraism 8958:Pueblo IV 8948:Pueblo II 8853:Mazdakism 8828:Hungarian 8801:Mysteries 8710:Dravidian 8492:Hungarian 8408:Caucasian 8379:Godianism 8339:Agni Yoga 8329:Theosophy 8292:Rastafari 8267:Modekngei 8247:Brahmoism 8240:Syncretic 8232:movements 8230:religious 8142:Quimbanda 8090:Candomblé 8083:Diasporic 7862:Bathouism 7852:Benzhuism 7777:Tsimshian 7728:Purépecha 7649:Longhouse 7624:Sun Dance 7573:Blackfoot 7492:Malaysian 7482:Kapitayan 7292:Digambara 7277:Ayyavazhi 7242:Vajrayana 7207:Theravada 7120:Ganapatya 7093:Ramanandi 7022:Hoahaoism 6900:Yiguandao 6795:Yarsanism 6790:Shabakism 6777:Yazdânism 6767:Zurvanism 6762:Mazdaznan 6721:Rastafari 6716:Mandaeism 6590:Wahhabism 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