2172:
2351:
2418:
2192:
2319:
2335:
107:
2119:
2103:
2245:
2151:
123:
4609:
2263:
2283:
2301:
5983:
4444:
4414:
2525:
2370:
2208:
699:
3424:"The resentment of the Sardinian Nation towards the Piedmontese had been growing for more than half a century, when they began to keep for themselves all the lucrative employments on the island, to violate the ancient privileges granted to the Sardinians by the Kings of Aragon, to promote to the highest positions people of their own kind while leaving to the Sardinians only the episcopates of Ales, Bosa and Castelsardo, that is Ampurias. The arrongance and scorn with which the Piedmontese had been treating the Sardinians by calling them bums, dirty, cowards and other similar and irritating names, and above all the most common expression of
2398:
1626:
2458:
2588:
1195:
2224:
4553:
4388:
4542:
4374:
724:
685:
172:
2135:
4532:
4424:
4364:
4584:
4563:
785:
4344:
4334:
4521:
4304:
4434:
4404:
4324:
8032:
1636:
3937:
643:
4314:
4511:
4354:
3998:
657:
671:
4574:
1473:
4498:
8021:
738:
4595:
1373:
2524:
1981:, which functioned as the constitution of the state. The Statute was proclaimed only because of concern at the revolutionary insurrection agitating Italy in 1848. At the time, Charles Albert was only following the example of other Italian rulers, but his Statute was the only constitution to survive the repression that followed the
3460:"Che qualcosa bollisse in pentola, in Sardegna, poteva essere compreso fin dal 1780. Molte delle recriminazioni contro il governo piemontese erano ormai più che mature, con una casistica di atti, fatti, circostanze a sostenerle, tanto per la classe aristocratica, quanto per le altre componenti sociali." Onnis, Omar (2015).
1533:, when people in Cagliari started chasing any Piedmontese functionaries they could find and expelled them from the island. Thus, Sardinia became the first European country to have engaged in a revolution of its own, the episode not being the result of a foreign military importation like in most of Europe.
2457:
1810:
Garibaldi was disappointed in this development, as well as in the loss of his home province, Nice, to France. He also failed to fulfill the promises that had gained him popular and military support by the
Sicilians: that the new nation would be a republic, not a kingdom, and that the Sicilians would
1830:
of all other
Apennine states, plus Sicily, to the Kingdom of Sardinia. The institutions and laws of the kingdom were quickly extended to all of Italy, abolishing the administrations of the other regions. Piedmont became the most dominant and wealthiest region in Italy and the capital of Piedmont,
1763:
voted in referendums to join the
Kingdom of Sardinia. This alarmed Napoleon, who feared a strong Savoyard state on his south-eastern border and he insisted that if the Kingdom of Sardinia were to keep the new acquisitions they would have to cede Savoy and Nice to France. This was done through the
1738:
Due to the
Austrian government's refusal to cede any lands to the Kingdom of Sardinia, they agreed to cede Lombardy to Napoleon, who in turn then ceded the territory to the Kingdom of Sardinia to avoid "embarrassing" the defeated Austrians. Cavour angrily resigned from office when it became clear
3446:
may paint it out to be. The
Sardinians wanted to get rid of them not only because they stood as a symbol of an anachronistic dominion, hostile to both the autonomy and the progress of the island, but also and perhaps especially because their presumptuosness and intrusiveness had already become
1118:, and hence this title was and still is used often to indicate the whole of their possessions. In reality, the Savoys ruled not a unitary state, but a complex array of different entities and titles with different institutional, cultural, and legal backgrounds. These included for example the
990:
Under
Savoyard rule, the kingdom's government, ruling class, cultural models and center of population were entirely situated in the peninsula. The island of Sardinia had always been of secondary importance to the monarchy. While the capital of the island of Sardinia and the seat of
2587:
2171:
1668:
and associated islands, the
Kingdom of Sardinia was troubled with political instability under alternating governments. After a short and disastrous renewal of the war with Austria in 1849, Charles Albert abdicated on 23 March 1849 in favour of his son
1867:, sponsoring the building of many railroads and canals. Between 1838 and 1842 Cavour began several initiatives in attempts to solve economic problems in his area. He experimented with different agricultural techniques on his estate, such as growing
2921:
3494:"Mentre a Parigi si ghigliottinava Robespierre e il governo repubblicano prendeva una piega più moderata, la Sardegna era in piena rivoluzione. Primo paese europeo a seguire l'esempio della Francia, peraltro dopo averne respinto le
1600:
issued by
Charles Albert; as a result, the kingdom's fundamental institutions were deeply transformed, assuming the shape of a constitutional and centralized monarchy on the French model; under the same pressure, Charles Albert
2903:
2369:
2417:
1427:, Duke of Savoy and Prince of Piedmont (and now King of Sicily too), had to agree to yield Sicily to the Austrian Habsburgs and receive Sardinia in exchange. The exchange was formally ratified in the
983:. The Savoyards united it with their historical possessions on the Italian peninsula, and the kingdom came to be progressively identified with the peninsular states, which included, besides Savoy and
2350:
987:, dynastic possessions like the Principality of Piedmont and the County of Nice, over both of which the Savoyards had been exercising their control since the 13th century and 1388, respectively.
2191:
1863:. Cavour believed that economic progress had to precede political change, and stressed the advantages of railroad construction in the peninsula. He was a strong supporter of transportation by
1583:
and returned the lands and power to the nobility and the Church. This reactionary policy went as far as discouraging the use of roads built by the French. These changes typified
Sardinia.
1523:
The refusal by the
Savoyards of recognizing the Sardinian's rights and representaion in government caused the Sardinian Vespers (also known as the "Three years of revolution") started by
1596:
under liberal pressure. In the same year the island of Sardinia, a Piedmontese dependency for more than a century, lost its own residual autonomy to the peninsula through the so-called
1431:
of 17 February 1720. Because the Kingdom of Sardinia had existed since the 14th century, the exchange allowed Victor Amadeus to retain the title of king in spite of the loss of Sicily.
3498:
militari. La rivoluzione in Sardegna, insomma, non era un fenomeno d'importazione. Le rivoluzioni altrove furono suscitate dall'arrivo delle armi francesi e da esse protette (come la
3900:
Zedda Corrado – Pinna Raimondo, La nascita dei Giudicati. Proposta per lo scioglimento di un enigma storiografico, in Archivio Storico Giuridico di Sassari, seconda serie, n° 12, 2007
1512:
to abdicate and leave for the island of Sardinia. The provisionary government voted to unite Piedmont with France. In 1799 the Austro-Russians briefly occupied the city, but with the
1807:
in the central peninsula. Cavour was satisfied with the unification, while Garibaldi, who was too revolutionary for the king and his prime minister, wanted to conquer Rome as well.
3845:
Gallinari Luciano, Il Giudicato di Cagliari tra XI e XIII secolo. Proposte di interpretazioni istituzionali, in Rivista dell'Istituto di Storia dell'Europa Mediterranea, n°5, 2010
3440:"The hostility against the Piedmontese was no longer a matter of employments, like the last period of Spanish rule, the dispatches of the viceroy Balbiano and the demands of the
3111:
1839:
throughout the peninsula, especially in southern Italy, and on the island of Sicily, because of the perceived unfair treatment of the south by the Piedmontese ruling class. The
4480:
4640:
4275:
1434:
Victor Amadeus initially resisted the exchange, and until 1723 continued to style himself King of Sicily rather than King of Sardinia. The state took the official title of
171:
2815:
6243:
2318:
3322:
2998:
4577:
2334:
8086:
2262:
4127:
3515:
Wells, H. G., Raymond Postgate, and G. P. Wells. The Outline of History, Being a Plain History of Life and Mankind. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1956. p. 753
3428:, that is "Sardinian donkeys", did little but worsen their disposition as the days passed, and gradually alienated them from this nation." Tommaso Napoli,
1025:(1814–15), which restructured Europe after Napoleon's defeat, returned to Savoy its peninsular possessions and augmented them with Liguria, taken from the
2853:
In 1848, the Statute or constitution issued by King Carlo Alberto for the kingdom of Sardinia proclaimed "the only State religion" the Roman Catholic one.
8081:
4473:
2013:
387:
4633:
4268:
7091:
927:
act of 1847, which created a unitary kingdom. Due to the fact that Piedmont was the seat of power and prominent part of the entity, the state is
3478:
3161:
1989:
was achieved in 1860 and the Kingdom of Sardinia became the Kingdom of Italy. Even though it suffered deep modifications, especially during the
3762:
Schena, Olivetta. "The role played by towns in parliamentary commissions in the kingdom of Sardinia in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries."
7123:
4466:
3881:
Motzo Bachisio Raimondo, Studi sui bizantini in Sardegna e sull'agiografia sarda, Deputazione di Storia Patria della Sardegna, Cagliari, 1987
2397:
2244:
862:
8066:
7754:
7106:
4626:
4261:
3187:
2282:
1935:
which was formally referred to as the "States of His Majesty the King of Sardinia", such as in the documents of the Congress of Vienna.
1693:
7718:
6648:
3087:
1731:, both French victories, Napoleon thought the war too costly to continue and made a separate peace behind Cavour's back in which only
7852:
6034:
2207:
462:
3654:
8076:
7759:
3894:
Paulis Giulio, Lingua e cultura nella Sardegna bizantina: testimonianze linguistiche dell'influsso greco, Sassari, L'Asfodelo, 1983
2300:
1950:
which abolished the administrative differences between the mainland states and the island of Sardinia, in a fashion similar to the
1175:
which abolished the administrative differences between the mainland states and the island of Sardinia, creating a unitary kingdom.
2223:
2118:
2102:
7324:
6452:
6121:
5982:
4991:
4122:
3903:
1871:, and was one of the first Italian landowners to use chemical fertilizers. He also founded the Piedmontese Agricultural Society.
1848:
1086:(1870). On 17 March 1861, to more accurately reflect its new geographic, cultural and political extent, the Kingdom of Sardinia
8071:
6536:
5908:
2150:
1053:, the various Savoyard states were unified under one legal system with their capital in Turin, and granted a constitution, the
3624:
2737:
8002:
7165:
4074:
3810:
AAVV. (a cura di F. Manconi), La società sarda in età spagnola, Cagliari, Consiglio Regionale della Sardegna, 2 voll., 1992-3
3736:
3551:
3398:
3357:
3316:
3275:
3237:
3141:
3105:
3030:
2992:
2957:
2915:
2876:
2846:
2807:
1820:
432:
4447:
3404:
3363:
3281:
3243:
3036:
8101:
7799:
7074:
6882:
6116:
5293:
5011:
4110:
3306:
2982:
2624:
1823:
1288:
1087:
1021:, the king of Sardinia temporarily resided on the island for the first time in Sardinia's history under Savoyard rule. The
542:
8061:
7128:
6457:
6416:
5549:
5497:
2663:
2658:
2005:
in 1948, which superseded several primary features of the document, with specific regard to those of monarchical nature.
1363:
648:
24:
3582:
7847:
7432:
7059:
6892:
6653:
6431:
6421:
6096:
5688:
5359:
3925:
3065:
2516:
7079:
7054:
6897:
6426:
6131:
6101:
6056:
5800:
5408:
3889:
3873:
3853:
3818:
3779:
3717:
3688:
3670:
2579:
2551:
1982:
1602:
1347:
1071:
855:
690:
177:
7451:
6732:
6618:
5929:
4649:
1454:
106:
7575:
7487:
7334:
7329:
7160:
7028:
5991:
5952:
5818:
4159:
3745:
Romani, Roberto. "The Reason of the Elites: Constitutional Moderatism in the Kingdom of Sardinia, 1849–1861." in
2605:
2542:
2475:
1720:
1509:
264:(already official in the peninsula since the 16th century via the Rivoli Edict; introduced to Sardinia in 1760),
1505:
7523:
7111:
6588:
6390:
6299:
6198:
6146:
5794:
5698:
5642:
4800:
4169:
4069:
3863:
3834:
3649:
Antonicelli, Aldo. "From Galleys to Square Riggers: The modernization of the navy of the Kingdom of Sardinia."
3229:
Power and Ceremony in European History: Rituals, Practices and Representative Bodies since the Late Middle Ages
3022:
Power and Ceremony in European History: Rituals, Practices and Representative Bodies since the Late Middle Ages
2704:
1860:
1836:
1629:
1397:
418:
376:
4608:
3813:
Blasco Ferrer Eduardo, Crestomazia Sarda dei primi secoli, collana Officina Linguistica, Ilisso, Nuoro, 2003,
3502:). È un tratto peculiare, quasi sempre trascurato, della nostra stagione rivoluzionaria." Onnis, Omar (2015).
122:
7774:
7605:
7492:
7023:
7018:
6044:
5683:
5617:
5416:
5148:
5071:
4922:
4317:
4046:
3965:
2910:, Cambridge Studies in Italian History and Culture, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 210–253,
2055:
1990:
1677:
1560:
1517:
1420:
1381:
1367:
811:
3701:
8091:
8056:
7533:
7472:
7457:
7309:
7170:
6623:
6314:
6009:
4377:
4357:
4347:
4041:
4034:
3955:
2643:
2638:
2009:
1998:
1769:
848:
345:
7877:
7595:
7441:
7223:
7133:
7033:
6919:
6887:
6572:
6493:
6071:
5947:
5812:
5764:
5455:
4942:
4337:
4024:
3752:
Romani, Roberto. "Reluctant Revolutionaries: Moderate Liberalism in the Kingdom of Sardinia, 1849–1859."
2569:
2510:
1784:
1748:
1639:
1271:). After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the region was repeatedly invaded by the Burgundians, the
1237:
1075:
831:
704:
273:
2134:
1548:, which returned the region of Savoy to its borders after it had been annexed by France in 1792. By the
7932:
7560:
7380:
7287:
7260:
7195:
7069:
6603:
6529:
6400:
6151:
6106:
5972:
5901:
5758:
5752:
5703:
5693:
5123:
5108:
4971:
4443:
4417:
4413:
4367:
4327:
4307:
3985:
2653:
2620:
2488:
2074:
in the four cantons, or adding a blue border, or using a blue flag with the Savoy cross in one canton.
1947:
1780:
1489:
1469:
and claimed it as part of Sardinia. Since then the archipelago has been a part of the Sardinian region.
1428:
1172:
964:
495:
160:
3174:
2062:
became the flag of a naval power. This posed the problem that the same flag was already in use by the
1625:
8111:
8106:
8096:
7962:
7728:
7651:
7615:
6633:
6598:
6593:
6385:
6111:
5870:
5153:
3473:
3157:
1614:
1564:
7977:
7967:
7947:
7917:
7872:
7570:
7412:
7344:
7314:
7294:
7175:
6851:
6816:
6613:
6019:
5776:
5128:
4981:
4917:
4566:
1967:
1916:
1335:
1127:
1114:
The Kingdom of Sardinia was the title with the highest rank among the territories possessed by the
1066:
in 1853, the Savoyards had built the kingdom into a strong power. There followed the annexation of
900:
784:
3933:
1779:
started his campaign to conquer southern Italy in the name of the Kingdom of Sardinia. He quickly
1380:
The Spanish domination of Sardinia ended at the beginning of the 18th century, as a result of the
7857:
7620:
7477:
7447:
7422:
7339:
7299:
7238:
7137:
6902:
6872:
6364:
6354:
6086:
5864:
5539:
5431:
5393:
4888:
4818:
3826:
1194:
333:
6091:
3198:
7555:
7543:
7319:
7304:
6996:
6638:
6395:
5962:
5824:
5770:
5718:
5708:
5544:
5487:
5158:
3918:
2492:
2085:, surmounted by the Savoyard shield, as his flag. This flag would later become the flag of the
1765:
1752:
1576:
1553:
1520:
without the royal army's help, stayed out of the reach of the French for the rest of the war.
1516:(1800), the French regained control. The island of Sardinia, having defeated the armies of the
1501:
1038:
521:
4541:
3839:
Coroneo Roberto, Arte in Sardegna dal IV alla metà dell'XI secolo, edizioni AV, Cagliari, 2011
3430:
Relazione ragionata della sollevazione di Cagliari e del Regno di Sardegna contro i Piemontesi
2808:"Limba Sarda 2.0S'italianu in Sardigna? Impostu a òbligu de lege cun Boginu – Limba Sarda 2.0"
2771:
The phonology of Campidanian Sardinian : a unitary account of a self-organizing structure
1609:. After initial success, the war took a turn for the worse and Charles Albert was defeated by
112:
7862:
7789:
7769:
7683:
7632:
7390:
7370:
7180:
6774:
6742:
6628:
6608:
6522:
6436:
6208:
6039:
5894:
5788:
5632:
5584:
5570:
5398:
5138:
5051:
5001:
4680:
4663:
4587:
4407:
4117:
4079:
4064:
3499:
2908:
Politics and Diplomacy in Early Modern Italy: The Structure of Diplomatic Practice, 1450–1800
2795:
Settecento sardo e cultura europea: Lumi, società, istituzioni nella crisi dell'Antico Regime
2002:
1530:
1493:
1458:
1331:
4552:
7713:
7528:
7417:
7395:
7049:
6947:
6831:
6699:
6188:
5917:
5836:
5713:
5652:
5637:
5560:
5524:
5480:
5470:
5248:
5220:
5026:
4870:
4768:
4712:
4056:
4019:
4014:
3975:
3543:
The Changing Faces of Federalism: Institutional Reconfiguration in Europe From East to West
2269:
2029:
2025:
1951:
1712:
1697:
1443:
1219:
816:
806:
801:
731:
330:
269:
87:
4387:
3823:
Boscolo Alberto, La Sardegna bizantina e alto giudicale, Edizioni Della TorreCagliari 1978
1017:
When the peninsular domains of the House of Savoy were occupied and eventually annexed by
1014:
of 1847, when all the kingdom's governmental institutions would be centralized in Turin.
8:
7997:
7987:
7942:
7708:
7673:
7668:
7385:
7006:
6942:
6862:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6269:
6076:
6029:
6014:
5999:
5858:
5589:
5492:
5475:
5465:
5320:
5243:
5066:
5061:
4996:
4896:
4806:
4545:
4437:
4192:
4095:
4029:
4006:
3980:
1986:
1908:
1728:
1681:
1651:
1593:
1572:
1549:
1462:
1409:
1405:
1227:
1135:
1018:
992:
952:
892:
836:
792:
20:
4373:
2001:), the Statute lasted mostly unaltered in the structure until the implementation of the
1811:
see great economic gains after unification. The former did not come to pass until 1946.
7972:
7957:
7937:
7794:
7735:
7688:
7610:
7467:
7437:
7427:
7402:
7375:
7282:
7275:
7211:
6967:
6962:
6679:
6334:
6324:
6253:
6218:
6061:
5782:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5647:
5612:
5607:
5565:
5529:
5388:
5283:
5205:
5178:
5118:
5021:
5006:
4844:
4824:
4207:
4202:
4187:
4182:
3960:
2963:
2033:
1971:
1963:
1928:
1776:
1670:
1665:
1643:
1545:
1401:
1157:
1050:
1022:
928:
912:
826:
239:
59:
6279:
5886:
7922:
7912:
7784:
7698:
7663:
7590:
7580:
7358:
7228:
7142:
6972:
6952:
6926:
6914:
6709:
6704:
6689:
6684:
6669:
6498:
6488:
6309:
6289:
6141:
5627:
5622:
5555:
5514:
5508:
5349:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5056:
5036:
4986:
4976:
4957:
4531:
4244:
4226:
4219:
4105:
3970:
3911:
3885:
3869:
3859:
3849:
3830:
3814:
3775:
3732:
3713:
3684:
3666:
3547:
3394:
3353:
3312:
3271:
3233:
3137:
3101:
3026:
2988:
2953:
2911:
2872:
2842:
2449:
1978:
1880:
1724:
1588:
1537:
1536:
In 1814, the Crown of Savoy enlarged its territories with the addition of the former
1513:
1466:
1439:
1424:
1413:
1389:
1385:
1292:
1214:. This region, named Allobrigia and later "Sapaudia" in Latin, was integrated to the
1099:
1055:
1026:
980:
968:
676:
598:
364:
323:
243:
4458:
3858:
Manconi Francesco, Una piccola provincia di un grande impero, CUEC, Cagliari, 2012,
3616:
2967:
2729:
1488:
In 1792, the Kingdom of Sardinia and the other states of the Savoy crown joined the
7992:
7814:
7764:
7745:
7740:
7693:
7600:
7538:
7518:
7506:
7462:
7265:
7245:
7233:
7096:
6977:
6694:
6557:
6549:
6319:
6233:
6228:
6213:
6193:
6167:
6081:
6066:
5844:
5426:
5421:
5344:
5278:
5273:
5143:
5113:
5081:
4937:
4882:
4861:
4839:
4618:
4288:
4253:
4214:
4177:
4137:
4100:
3693:
3093:
2945:
2086:
2082:
2063:
2049:
1994:
1955:
1891:. In 1816, after regaining their peninsular domains, the scudo was replaced by the
1610:
1504:, giving the French army free passage through Piedmont. On 6 December 1798 General
1276:
1046:
972:
717:
447:
310:
277:
261:
251:
247:
73:
7064:
4423:
4363:
3848:
Manconi Francesco, La Sardegna al tempo degli Asburgo, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2010,
7902:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7779:
7703:
7565:
7084:
6982:
6867:
6767:
6674:
6359:
6329:
6248:
6136:
5367:
5335:
5330:
5310:
5173:
5133:
5103:
5086:
5046:
5031:
5016:
4947:
4932:
4849:
4829:
4702:
4583:
4562:
3798:
3790:
3541:
3524:
3482:
3388:
3347:
3265:
3227:
3020:
2866:
1959:
1896:
1884:
1756:
1708:
1606:
1580:
1339:
956:
821:
592:
291:
265:
192:
5225:
4132:
1559:
In the reaction after Napoleon, the country was ruled by conservative monarchs:
8035:
7982:
7952:
7897:
7804:
7678:
7625:
7585:
7255:
7250:
7101:
7001:
6957:
6909:
6857:
6811:
6779:
6737:
6714:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6294:
6284:
6126:
5967:
5941:
5850:
5746:
5740:
5340:
5315:
5188:
5183:
5168:
5163:
5098:
5093:
5076:
5041:
4834:
4812:
4756:
4695:
4598:
4556:
4535:
4524:
4493:
2648:
2484:
2078:
1939:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1892:
1840:
1701:
1689:
1597:
1568:
1477:
1447:
1393:
1189:
1168:
1161:
1152:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1011:
984:
960:
924:
916:
908:
904:
896:
888:
880:
662:
610:
529:
508:
296:
196:
148:
45:
4333:
1831:
Turin, remained the Italian capital until 1865, when the capital was moved to
8050:
7907:
7548:
7118:
6806:
6784:
6643:
6238:
6223:
6203:
6172:
6024:
5534:
5372:
4876:
4750:
4722:
4520:
4303:
3574:
3097:
2380:
2090:
2059:
1768:, which also called for referendums to confirm the annexation. Subsequently,
1586:
The Kingdom of Sardinia industrialized from 1830 onward. A constitution, the
1303:
1102:
of the Kingdom of Italy, which in turn is the predecessor of the present-day
976:
4433:
4403:
4323:
3842:
Coroneo Roberto, Scultura mediobizantina in Sardegna, Nuoro, Poliedro, 2000,
3057:
1376:
19th-century coat of arms of the Kingdom of Sardinia under the Savoy dynasty
1296:
8025:
7832:
7637:
7407:
7011:
6877:
6826:
6801:
6380:
6274:
6051:
5957:
4907:
4762:
4742:
4489:
2949:
2614:
2560:
2501:
2384:
2067:
2037:
1888:
1864:
1716:
1571:(1831–49), who fought at the head of a contingent of his own troops at the
1541:
1249:
1215:
1142:
itself. The Savoys themselves referred to their possessions as a whole as "
1083:
604:
406:
4343:
3868:
Mastino Attilio, Storia della Sardegna Antica, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2005,
1010:
seat of power. This situation would be conferred official status with the
7927:
7867:
7837:
7190:
6821:
6304:
5460:
5325:
1868:
1685:
1661:
1323:
1223:
1063:
1034:
472:
456:
441:
268:(official in the peninsula since the 16th century via the Rivoli Edict),
3757:
3308:
Sabaudian Studies: Political Culture, Dynasty, and Territory (1400–1700)
3267:
Sabaudian Studies: Political Culture, Dynasty, and Territory (1400–1700)
2984:
Sabaudian Studies: Political Culture, Dynasty, and Territory (1400–1700)
2942:
Sabaudian Studies: Political Culture, Dynasty, and Territory (1400–1700)
2032:
functioned as the military of Kingdom of Sardinia until they became the
1927:
and others) were held by the Savoys in their own right, hence forming a
1772:
showed over 99.5% majorities in both areas in favour of joining France.
1314:(now in France). Other areas remained independent, such as the powerful
1311:
911:
and others) were held by the Savoys in their own right, hence forming a
7185:
6794:
6503:
4231:
3884:
Ortu Gian Giacomo, La Sardegna dei Giudici, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2005,
2839:
Religious intolerance and discrimination in selected European countries
1827:
1635:
1327:
1203:
586:
3089:
Sardinia-Piedmont | 12 | Italy in the Age of the Risorgimento 1790 – 1
1899:, the coins that had been in use on the island throughout the period.
6004:
4727:
4427:
4147:
3897:
Spanu Luigi, Cagliari nel seicento, Edizioni Castello, Cagliari, 1999
1787:, which was the largest of the states in the region, stretching from
4313:
2696:
1985:(1848–49). The Statute remained the basis of the legal system after
1859:
Major progress in the economy was achieved during the government of
1707:
In 1859, France sided with the Kingdom of Sardinia in a war against
1680:
was installed and the Kingdom of Sardinia became the engine driving
1287:(773). At the time, what is known today as Piedmont, as part of the
967:, the island of Sardinia and its title of kingdom were ceded by the
7842:
7827:
7822:
7723:
6757:
6752:
5445:
4927:
4732:
4675:
4510:
4353:
4152:
4142:
3941:
3936:
3527:
A Monograph on Plebiscites, with a Collection of Official Documents
3442:
2902:
Stobbs, Christopher (2000), Belton, Adrian; Frigo, Daniela (eds.),
2575:
2177:
Royal Standard of the Savoyard kings of Sardinia of Savoy dynasty (
1832:
1732:
1497:
1280:
1233:
1139:
1091:
1067:
999:
884:
220:
3997:
2450:
Territorial evolution of the Kingdom of Sardinia from 1859 to 1860
2066:. Because of this, the Savoyards modified their flag for use as a
1472:
1207:
1150:: "gli Stati del Re di Sardegna"). Today, historians use the term
891:. Before 1847, only the island of Sardinia proper was part of the
6789:
6514:
4707:
4668:
4573:
4284:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1760:
1657:
1245:
1241:
1042:
1006:, the capital of Savoy since the mid 16th century, which was the
951:
Before becoming a possession of the House of Savoy, the medieval
305:
281:
4497:
3797:
old interpretations but useful on details; vol 1 goes to 1859];
3729:
Cavour and the Economic Modernization of the Kingdom of Sardinia
3575:"Coppa, Frank J., "Cavour, Count Camillo Benso di (1810–1861)",
3475:
Sa dì de s´acciappa – Dramma storico in due tempi e sette quadri
1907:
Before 1847, only the island of Sardinia proper was part of the
1620:
7482:
5215:
4594:
3829:, La storia di Sardegna, Carlo Delfino Editore, Sassari, 1994,
2773:, Roberto Bolognesi, The Hague : Holland Academic Graphics
2089:, and the tricolor without the Savoyard escutcheon remains the
1792:
1372:
1315:
1284:
1079:
1030:
769:
764:
1719:
did not keep his promises to Cavour to fight until all of the
1529:("the day of the pursuit and capture"), commemorated today as
1160:
where many different and distinct territories are united in a
6762:
6545:
5193:
4717:
4690:
3185:
2761:, vol. 3, a cura di Giorgia Ingrassia e Eduardo Blasco Ferrer
1844:
1804:
1579:
to the Spanish throne. Victor Emanuel I disbanded the entire
1552:, the Kingdom of Sardinia extended its protectorate over the
1483:
1388:
of 1713, Spain's European empire was divided: Savoy received
1351:
1343:
1307:
1272:
1268:
1198:
The Savoyards' Italian possessions in the early 18th century.
1103:
1003:
759:
525:
213:
128:
2797:; Antonello Mattone, Piero Sanna; FrancoAngeli Storia; pp.18
176:
Kingdom of Sardinia in 1859 including conquest of Lombardy;
7270:
6747:
4685:
2071:
2043:
1319:
1218:. In the 5th century, the region of Savoy was ceded by the
1211:
1095:
143:
3878:
Meloni Piero, La Sardegna Romana, Chiarella, Sassari, 1980
2904:"Savoyard diplomacy in the eighteenth century (1684-1798)"
3619:
Flags of the World: Kingdom of Sardinia – Part 1 (Italy).
2732:
Flags of the World: Kingdom of Sardinia – Part 2 (Italy).
16:
Historical period of the Savoyard state from 1720 to 1861
1911:, while the other mainland possessions (principally the
895:, while the other mainland possessions (principally the
5916:
3179:
1049:. In 1847–48, through an act of Union analogous to the
3788:
3540:
Ortino, Sergio; Zagar, Mitja; Mastny, Vojtech (2005).
1134:, which were distinct and not juridically part of the
4488:
1438:, as the House of Savoy still claimed the thrones of
4648:
4283:
1739:
that Victor Emmanuel would accept this arrangement.
1723:
had been conquered. Following the bloody battles of
1476:
A map of the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1856, after the
7029:
Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
3226:Kalinowska, Anna; Spangler, Jonathan (2021-09-09).
3019:Kalinowska, Anna; Spangler, Jonathan (2021-09-09).
2944:. Vol. 12. Penn State University Press. 2013.
2699:
Bandiere degli Stati preunitari italiani: Sardegna.
3390:Turin and the British in the Age of the Grand Tour
3225:
3018:
1843:ruled Italy until 1946, when Italy was declared a
1357:
3539:
3525:Wambaugh, Sarah & Scott, James Brown (1920),
3086:"Cavour and the achievement of unity (1852–61)".
2058:in 1713 and the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1723, the
1098:. The Savoy-led Kingdom of Sardinia was thus the
883:from 1720 until 1861, which united the island of
79:
8048:
1887:, it was replaced in general circulation by the
1416:, Sardinia, and the bulk of the Duchy of Milan.
1259:), who founded several colonies there including
1156:to indicate this entity, which is an example of
1090:, and its capital was eventually moved first to
257:During the Savoyard period as a composite state:
5834:
3772:War, Diplomacy and the Rise of Savoy, 1690–1720
3663:Italy in the Age of the Risorgimento, 1790–1870
3349:War, Diplomacy and the Rise of Savoy, 1690–1720
2868:An Introduction to Ancient and Modern Geography
1814:
1524:
1236:was inhabited in early historic times by Celto-
51:
2724:
2722:
1045:and adjacent areas to the newly-created Swiss
8087:States and territories disestablished in 1861
6530:
5902:
4634:
4474:
4269:
3919:
3604:The Risorgimento and the Unification of Italy
1742:
1621:Savoyard struggle for the Italian unification
856:
65:
5037:Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia)
3546:. Manchester University Press. p. 183.
3386:
2427:) and Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Italy (
3698:Victor Emanuel, Cavour and the Risorgimento
3529:, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 599
3393:. Cambridge University Press. p. 142.
3387:Bianchi, Paola; Wolfe, Karin (2017-09-21).
3131:
2719:
2012:, while the head of the government was the
1997:(who ruled with the tacit approval of King
1684:. The Kingdom of Sardinia took part in the
1500:and forced to conclude the disadvantageous
37:
8082:States and territories established in 1324
6537:
6523:
5909:
5895:
4641:
4627:
4481:
4467:
4276:
4262:
3926:
3912:
3681:The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire
3058:"Sardinia-Piedmont, Kingdom of, 1848–1849"
2691:
2689:
1544:against France. This was confirmed by the
1484:Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna
921:States of His Majesty the King of Sardinia
863:
849:
170:
6035:Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states
2181:) and State Flag of the Savoyard States (
2014:Prime minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia
1977:In 1848, King Charles Albert granted the
1436:Kingdom of Sardinia, Cyprus and Jerusalem
1183:
3726:
3186:Aldo Sandulli; Giulio Vesperini (2011).
2864:
2044:Flags, royal standards and coats of arms
1946:) was the 1847 act of the Savoyard King
1634:
1624:
1471:
1371:
1306:added Piedmont to their main segment of
1193:
1088:changed its name to the Kingdom of Italy
19:For broader coverage of this topic, see
6453:Anniversary of the Unification of Italy
6122:Brigandage in Southern Italy after 1861
4992:Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
3764:Parliaments, Estates and Representation
3660:
3195:Rivista trimestrale di diritto pubblico
3188:"L'organizzazione dello Stato unitario"
2858:
2836:
2686:
2669:
2356:War Ensign of the Kingdom of Sardinia (
1206:settled down in the region between the
975:claimants to the Spanish throne to the
919:which was formally referred to as the "
8049:
3769:
3707:
3533:
3451:, Editore Mursia, Milano, 1971, pp.793
3345:
3341:
3339:
3304:
3300:
3298:
3263:
3232:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 158.
3221:
3219:
2980:
2901:
1819:On 17 March 1861, law no. 4671 of the
6518:
5890:
4622:
4462:
4257:
3907:
3627:from the original on 23 December 2017
3567:
3447:insufferable." Raimondo Carta Raspi,
3382:
3380:
3136:. New York: Oxford University Press.
3134:The napoleonic wars: a global history
2897:
2895:
2871:. Cummings and Hilliard. p. 98.
2740:from the original on 25 February 2017
2383:with the coat of arms of Savoy as an
2081:of Savoy adopted the "revolutionary"
2054:When the Duchy of Savoy acquired the
1879:The currency in use in Savoy was the
1821:Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia
1051:one between Great Britain and Ireland
923:". This situation was changed by the
887:with the mainland possessions of the
236:Since the Iberian period in Sardinia:
7075:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
6417:Museum of the Risorgimento (Bologna)
6117:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
3731:. New York: Garland Publishing Inc.
3710:The Red Shirt and the Cross of Savoy
2818:from the original on 8 December 2015
2625:proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
2070:in various ways, adding the letters
1446:, although both had long been under
1138:, which included only the island of
8067:Viceroyalties of the Spanish Empire
6458:National Unity and Armed Forces Day
3336:
3295:
3216:
3197:(in Italian): 47–49. Archived from
2841:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 166.
13:
6544:
6432:Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)
6422:Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan)
6097:Second Italian War of Independence
4128:Archaeological and artistic sights
3792:The Life and Times of Cavour vol 1
3485:, Piero Marcialis, 1996, Condaghes
3377:
3346:Storrs, Christopher (2000-01-13).
3079:
3050:
2892:
2517:Second Italian War of Independence
1895:, which in 1821 also replaced the
1770:somewhat controversial referendums
1676:In 1852, a liberal ministry under
1540:, now a duchy, and it served as a
1144:the States of the King of Sardinia
14:
8123:
6427:Museum of the Risorgimento (Rome)
6132:Third Italian War of Independence
6102:United Provinces of Central Italy
6057:First Italian War of Independence
5801:United Provinces of Central Italy
3747:Sensibilities of the Risorgimento
3311:. Penn State Press. p. 261.
2987:. Penn State Press. p. 261.
2580:United Provinces of Central Italy
2578:and before the annexation of the
2552:United Provinces of Central Italy
1575:, which restored the reactionary
1002:, it was the Piedmontese city of
942:and sometimes erroneously as the
691:United Provinces of Central Italy
8031:
8030:
8019:
5981:
4650:List of historic states of Italy
4607:
4593:
4582:
4572:
4561:
4551:
4540:
4530:
4519:
4509:
4496:
4442:
4432:
4422:
4412:
4402:
4386:
4372:
4362:
4352:
4342:
4332:
4322:
4312:
4302:
3996:
3935:
3577:Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions
2707:from the original on 31 May 2019
2586:
2523:
2456:
2416:
2396:
2368:
2349:
2333:
2317:
2299:
2281:
2261:
2243:
2222:
2206:
2190:
2170:
2149:
2133:
2117:
2101:
783:
736:
722:
697:
683:
669:
655:
641:
121:
105:
8077:1861 disestablishments in Italy
7760:Orders, decorations, and medals
5783:Provisional Government of Milan
3789:Thayer, William Roscoe (1911).
3749:(Brill, 2018) pp. 192–244.
3712:. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co.
3708:Martin, George Whitney (1969).
3643:
3609:
3596:
3585:from the original on 2010-06-09
3518:
3509:
3504:La Sardegna e i sardi nel tempo
3500:rivoluzione napoletana del 1799
3488:
3467:
3462:La Sardegna e i sardi nel tempo
3454:
3434:
3418:
3407:from the original on 2023-08-16
3366:from the original on 2023-08-16
3325:from the original on 2023-08-16
3284:from the original on 2023-08-16
3257:
3246:from the original on 2023-08-16
3164:from the original on 2023-06-05
3150:
3132:Mikaberidze, Alexander (2020).
3125:
3114:from the original on 2023-01-19
3068:from the original on 2023-01-19
3039:from the original on 2023-08-16
3012:
3001:from the original on 2023-08-16
2974:
2934:
2924:from the original on 2023-05-10
2664:Kingdom of Sardinia (1700–1720)
2659:Kingdom of Sardinia (1324–1720)
1824:proclaimed the Kingdom of Italy
1364:Kingdom of Sardinia (1700–1720)
1358:Exchange of Sardinia for Sicily
1202:During the 3rd century BC, the
1167:The situation changed with the
649:Kingdom of Sardinia (1700–1720)
543:Became the new Kingdom of Italy
164:"The Sardinian national anthem"
25:Kingdom of Sardinia (1324–1720)
6391:Francis II of the Two Sicilies
6199:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
6147:Italian entry into World War I
4982:City of Fiume and its District
4070:List of presidents of Sardinia
3799:volume 2 online covers 1859–62
3774:. Cambridge University Press.
3352:. Cambridge University Press.
3305:Vester, Matthew (2013-03-25).
3264:Vester, Matthew (2013-03-25).
3158:"Sardinia, Historical Kingdom"
2981:Vester, Matthew (2013-03-25).
2830:
2800:
2788:
2776:
2764:
2752:
2324:Merchant Flag and War Ensign (
1962:between 1707 and 1716 and the
1861:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
1803:on Sicily. He then marched to
1630:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
1295:, was subdivided into several
1248:. They later submitted to the
1109:
496:Became part of the Savoy state
1:
8072:1324 establishments in Europe
6244:Annibale Santore di Santarosa
5417:County of Apulia and Calabria
4923:Campagna e Marittima Province
3804:
2340:Civil Flag and Civil Ensign (
2183:late 16th - late 18th century
1902:
1678:Count Camillo Benso di Cavour
1594:the year of revolutions, 1848
1518:French expedition to Sardinia
1421:War of the Quadruple Alliance
1382:War of the Spanish Succession
1368:Kingdom of Sicily under Savoy
1253:
879:is a term used to denote the
6315:Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi
6010:Revolutions during the 1820s
3770:Storrs, Christopher (1999).
2674:
2644:List of viceroys of Sardinia
2639:List of monarchs of Sardinia
1815:Towards the Kingdom of Italy
1496:, but was beaten in 1796 by
7:
8102:Former monarchies of Europe
7800:Water supply and sanitation
7224:Italian geographical region
7092:Monarchy and the World Wars
7034:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
6920:War of the Sicilian Vespers
6573:Timeline of Italian history
6494:Revisionism of Risorgimento
6072:Sicilian revolution of 1848
5953:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
5948:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
5819:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
5813:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
5765:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
4943:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
3727:Murtaugh, Frank M. (1991).
3683:, The Belknap Press, 2009,
2632:
2570:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
2511:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
2229:State flag and war ensign (
2197:State Flag and War Ensign (
2019:
1874:
1785:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
1721:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
1164:by having the same ruler.
1076:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
959:and then of the burgeoning
705:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
10:
8128:
8062:Former countries in Europe
7719:Inventions and discoveries
7129:Fall of the Fascist regime
7112:Fourth War of Independence
7070:Expedition of the Thousand
7060:Second War of Independence
6401:Joseph Radetzky von Radetz
6107:Expedition of the Thousand
5973:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
5759:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
5753:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
5154:Prince-Bishopric of Trento
5124:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
5109:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
3506:, Arkadia, Cagliari, p.152
3464:, Arkadia, Cagliari, p.149
2621:Expedition of the Thousand
2047:
2008:The head of state was the
1948:Charles Albert of Sardinia
1854:
1743:Garibaldi and the Thousand
1649:
1646:in Teano (26 October 1860)
1508:occupied Turin and forced
1490:War of the First Coalition
1361:
1187:
1178:
1173:Charles Albert of Sardinia
18:
8015:
7813:
7659:
7650:
7514:
7505:
7493:Security and intelligence
7366:
7357:
7219:
7210:
7153:
7080:Third War of Independence
7055:First War of Independence
7042:
6935:
6844:
6725:
6662:
6581:
6565:
6556:
6466:
6445:
6409:
6386:Franz Joseph I of Austria
6373:
6263:Literature and philosophy
6262:
6181:
6160:
6112:Dictatorship of Garibaldi
5990:
5979:
5928:
5871:Free Territory of Trieste
5731:
5661:
5600:
5583:
5507:
5444:
5407:
5389:Principality of Benevento
5381:
5358:
5303:
5292:
5234:
5204:
4956:
4906:
4860:
4791:
4778:
4741:
4656:
4605:
4505:
4395:
4384:
4295:
4242:
4168:
4088:
4055:
4005:
3994:
3948:
3025:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
2759:Storia della lingua sarda
2598: Kingdom of Sardinia
2535: Kingdom of Sardinia
2468: Kingdom of Sardinia
2375:Civil and merchant flag (
1983:First War of Independence
1615:Battle of Custozza (1848)
812:Phoenician–Punic Sardinia
752:
620:
579:
575:
565:
561:
556:
552:
539:
518:
505:
492:
482:
478:
468:
453:
438:
428:
424:
412:
400:
396:
386:
382:
370:
358:
354:
344:
316:
304:
287:
231:
206:
185:
169:
155:
139:
101:
96:
32:
7171:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
7166:Institutional referendum
5777:Italian United Provinces
5129:Principality of Piombino
4918:Patrimony of Saint Peter
4567:Principality of Piedmont
4396:Americas and East Indies
3949:Administrative divisions
3579:, Ohio University, 1998"
3098:10.4324/9781315836836-12
2865:Cummings, Jacob (1821).
2837:Seiwert, Hubert (2011).
2679:
2623:, and on the eve of the
2606:Kingdom Lombardy–Venetia
2574:After the annexation of
2543:Kingdom Lombardy–Venetia
2476:Kingdom Lombardy–Venetia
2407:) and Kingdom of Italy (
1917:Principality of Piedmont
1171:of 1847, an act of King
1128:Principality of Piedmont
965:1720 Treaty of The Hague
901:Principality of Piedmont
414:• 1860–1861 (last)
372:• 1849–1861 (last)
7694:Emigration and diaspora
6903:Guelphs and Ghibellines
6888:the Sardinian Judicates
6365:Francesco Saverio Salfi
6355:Gian Domenico Romagnosi
5865:Italian Social Republic
5540:Principality of Taranto
5432:Principality of Taranto
5394:Principality of Salerno
5149:Bishopric of Tarantasia
4972:Bishopric of Bressanone
4889:Duchy of the Pentapolis
4578:Principality of Oneglia
3827:Casula Francesco Cesare
3661:Hearder, Harry (1986).
3175:Encyclopædia Britannica
2783:S'italianu in Sardìnnia
2654:S'hymnu sardu nationale
2444:
2201:): Civil Flag "crowned"
2003:republican constitution
1700:, and fighting against
1640:King Victor Emmanuel II
1283:(6th century), and the
1226:and became part of the
334:Constitutional monarchy
161:S'hymnu sardu nationale
80:
7576:Science and technology
7524:Italian regions by GDP
7325:Marine protected areas
6997:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
6396:Klemens von Metternich
5963:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
5918:Unification of Italy (
5771:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
5545:Terra Sancti Benedicti
5449:(from the 9th century)
5159:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
4160:National football team
3653:102.2 (2016): 153–173
3602:Beales & Biagini,
2950:10.5325/j.ctv1c9hnc2.7
2036:on 4 May 1861 and the
1958:and the realms of the
1647:
1632:
1554:Principality of Monaco
1525:
1502:Treaty of Paris (1796)
1480:
1377:
1199:
1184:Early history of Savoy
1072:central Italian states
1039:Treaty of Turin (1816)
217:(1720–1798, 1814–1861)
66:
52:
38:
7775:Public administration
6883:the Holy Roman Empire
6437:Tricolour Flag Museum
6209:Federico Confalonieri
6040:Republic of San Marco
5789:Republic of San Marco
5571:Crown Colony of Malta
5399:Principality of Capua
5139:Marquisate of Saluzzo
5002:County of Santa Fiora
4664:Etruscan civilization
4588:Marquisate of Saluzzo
4118:Sa die de sa Sardigna
4065:Elections in Sardinia
3766:39.3 (2019): 304–315.
3449:Storia della Sardegna
1837:many revolts exploded
1656:Like all the various
1638:
1628:
1531:Sa die de sa Sardigna
1494:French First Republic
1475:
1459:Maddalena archipelago
1375:
1197:
955:had been part of the
232:Common languages
8003:World Heritage Sites
7458:Council of Ministers
7196:Coronavirus pandemic
6594:Currency and coinage
6092:Plombières Agreement
5585:French Revolutionary
5525:State of the Presidi
5249:Republic of Florence
5221:Domini di Terraferma
4871:Exarchate of Ravenna
4769:Western Roman Empire
4713:Nuragic civilization
4020:Sardinia and Corsica
3651:The Mariner's Mirror
3270:. Penn State Press.
2968:10.5325/j.ctv1c9hnc2
2785:, Amos Cardia, Iskra
2670:Notes and references
2270:Royal Sardinian Navy
2213:State and war flag (
2030:Royal Sardinian Navy
2026:Royal Sardinian Army
1952:Nueva Planta decrees
1795:on the peninsula to
1713:Austro-Sardinian War
1455:Charles Emmanuel III
1310:, with a capital at
1220:Western Roman Empire
817:Sardinia and Corsica
807:Nuragic civilization
802:Pre-Nuragic Sardinia
732:Second French Empire
402:• 1848 (first)
360:• 1720 (first)
8092:History of Sardinia
8057:Kingdom of Sardinia
7534:Automotive industry
7473:Metropolitan cities
7019:Early Modern period
6992:Kingdom of Sardinia
6943:Italian city-states
6484:Italian nationalism
6479:Italian irredentism
6474:Altare della Patria
6270:Giovanni Arrivabene
6077:Ten Days of Brescia
6030:Revolutions of 1848
6015:Revolutions of 1830
6000:Rimini Proclamation
5938:Kingdom of Sardinia
5859:Free State of Fiume
5807:Kingdom of Sardinia
5550:Neapolitan Republic
5498:Kingdom of Sardinia
5493:Republic of Sassari
5321:Catepanate of Italy
5244:Republic of Cospaia
5067:Duchy of Montferrat
5062:March of Montferrat
4997:County of Guastalla
4897:Exarchate of Africa
4546:Duchy of Montferrat
4515:Kingdom of Sardinia
4123:Tourist attractions
3665:. London: Longman.
3092:. Routledge. 1983.
1999:Victor Emmanuel III
1987:Italian unification
1909:Kingdom of Sardinia
1826:, so ratifying the
1682:Italian unification
1652:Italian unification
1573:Battle of Trocadero
1550:Treaty of Stupinigi
1526:sa dii de s'aciappa
1510:Charles Emmanuel IV
1463:Strait of Bonifacio
1429:Treaty of The Hague
1410:Spanish Netherlands
1406:Archduke of Austria
1261:Augusta Taurinorum
1240:tribes such as the
1228:Kingdom of Burgundy
1136:Kingdom of Sardinia
1062:By the time of the
953:Kingdom of Sardinia
944:Kingdom of Piedmont
929:also referred to as
893:Kingdom of Sardinia
877:Kingdom of Sardinia
837:Kingdom of Sardinia
832:Sardinian Judicates
793:History of Sardinia
484:• Established
463:Chamber of Deputies
34:Kingdom of Sardinia
21:Kingdom of Sardinia
7596:Telecommunications
6963:Maritime republics
6335:Alessandro Manzoni
6325:Francesco Lomonaco
6254:Victor Emmanuel II
6219:Giuseppe Garibaldi
6062:Five Days of Milan
5930:Pre-unitary states
5689:Lucca and Piombino
5566:Malta Protectorate
5530:Duke of San Donato
5284:Republic of Ancona
5206:Republic of Venice
5119:Duchy of Mirandola
5007:Duchy of Guastalla
4845:Duchy of Tridentum
4825:Duchy of Benevento
4792:Barbarian kingdoms
3754:Historical Journal
3700:(Oxford UP, 1971)
3481:2018-06-25 at the
3204:on 2 November 2018
2515:On the eve of the
2362:aspect ratio 31:76
2268:War Ensign of the
2040:on 17 March 1861.
2034:Royal Italian Army
1991:fascist government
1929:composite monarchy
1777:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1688:, allied with the
1671:Victor Emmanuel II
1666:Apennine peninsula
1648:
1633:
1546:Congress of Vienna
1481:
1402:Holy Roman Emperor
1378:
1350:moved the seat to
1348:Emmanuel Philibert
1346:in 1416, and Duke
1342:was elevated to a
1200:
1158:composite monarchy
1023:Congress of Vienna
913:composite monarchy
827:Byzantine Sardinia
377:Victor Emmanuel II
8044:
8043:
8011:
8010:
7646:
7645:
7581:Southern question
7501:
7500:
7433:Political parties
7381:Foreign relations
7353:
7352:
7206:
7205:
6927:Kingdom of Naples
6915:Kingdom of Sicily
6512:
6511:
6499:Southern question
6310:Vincenzo Gioberti
6290:Felice Cavallotti
6189:Massimo d'Azeglio
6142:Law of Guarantees
5884:
5883:
5880:
5879:
5727:
5726:
5694:Massa and Carrara
5579:
5578:
5556:Hospitaller Malta
5515:Kingdom of Naples
5509:Kingdom of Sicily
5440:
5439:
5350:Duchy of Sorrento
5269:Republic of Genoa
5264:Republic of Siena
5259:Republic of Massa
5254:Republic of Lucca
4987:County of Gorizia
4977:Corsican Republic
4958:Holy Roman Empire
4616:
4615:
4456:
4455:
4251:
4250:
4075:Political parties
3738:978-0-8153-0671-9
3694:Mack Smith, Denis
3553:978-0-7190-6996-3
3400:978-1-107-14770-6
3359:978-1-139-42519-3
3318:978-0-271-09100-6
3277:978-0-271-09100-6
3239:978-1-350-15219-9
3143:978-0-19-995106-2
3107:978-1-315-83683-6
3032:978-1-350-15219-9
2994:978-0-271-09100-6
2959:978-1-61248-094-7
2917:978-0-511-52329-8
2878:978-1-341-37795-2
2848:978-3-643-99894-1
2077:Eventually, King
2056:Kingdom of Sicily
1979:Statuto Albertino
1881:Piedmontese scudo
1747:On 5 March 1860,
1592:, was enacted in
1589:Statuto Albertino
1561:Victor Emmanuel I
1538:Republic of Genoa
1514:Battle of Marengo
1467:Republic of Genoa
1425:Victor Amadeus II
1414:Kingdom of Naples
1392:and parts of the
1386:Treaty of Utrecht
1293:Holy Roman Empire
1100:legal predecessor
1056:Statuto Albertino
1027:Republic of Genoa
1019:Napoleonic France
981:Victor Amadeus II
940:Piedmont-Sardinia
873:
872:
778:
777:
748:
747:
744:
743:
710:
709:
677:Republic of Genoa
599:Piedmontese scudo
365:Victor Amadeus II
324:Absolute monarchy
300:
67:Regno di Sardegna
53:Rennu de Sardigna
8119:
8112:Christian states
8107:Island countries
8097:Former countries
8034:
8033:
8026:Italy portal
8023:
8022:
7963:National symbols
7657:
7656:
7512:
7511:
7364:
7363:
7217:
7216:
7097:Kingdom of Italy
7024:Napoleonic Italy
6563:
6562:
6539:
6532:
6525:
6516:
6515:
6320:Giacomo Leopardi
6300:Giuseppe Ferrari
6234:Bettino Ricasoli
6229:Giuseppe Mazzini
6214:Francesco Crispi
6194:Agostino Bertani
6168:Cockade of Italy
6152:Impresa di Fiume
6082:Belfiore martyrs
6067:Sortie on Mestre
5985:
5911:
5904:
5897:
5888:
5887:
5845:Kingdom of Italy
5832:
5831:
5598:
5597:
5427:County of Sicily
5422:County of Aversa
5345:Byzantine Sicily
5331:Theme of Lucania
5301:
5300:
5279:Republic of Pisa
5274:Republic of Noli
5144:Duchy of Spoleto
5114:Duchy of Merania
5012:Kingdom of Italy
4938:Duchy of Ferrara
4883:Duchy of Perugia
4862:Byzantine Empire
4840:Duchy of Spoleto
4807:Ostrogothic rule
4789:
4788:
4657:Pre-Roman period
4643:
4636:
4629:
4620:
4619:
4611:
4597:
4586:
4576:
4565:
4555:
4544:
4534:
4523:
4513:
4500:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4460:
4459:
4446:
4436:
4426:
4416:
4406:
4390:
4376:
4366:
4356:
4346:
4336:
4326:
4316:
4306:
4289:Spanish monarchy
4278:
4271:
4264:
4255:
4254:
4199:Corso-Sardinian
4000:
3940:
3939:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3905:
3904:
3796:
3785:
3742:
3723:
3679:Luttwak Edward,
3676:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3613:
3607:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3537:
3531:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3507:
3492:
3486:
3471:
3465:
3458:
3452:
3438:
3432:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3384:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3343:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3302:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3223:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3203:
3192:
3183:
3177:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2899:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2726:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2693:
2612:
2603:
2597:
2590:
2567:
2558:
2549:
2540:
2534:
2527:
2508:
2499:
2482:
2473:
2467:
2460:
2420:
2400:
2372:
2353:
2337:
2321:
2303:
2285:
2265:
2247:
2226:
2210:
2194:
2174:
2153:
2137:
2121:
2105:
2087:Kingdom of Italy
2083:Italian tricolor
2064:Knights of Malta
2050:Flag of Sardinia
2010:King of Sardinia
1995:Benito Mussolini
1956:Crown of Castile
1944:Fusione perfetta
1735:would be ceded.
1611:Marshal Radetzky
1528:
1408:), received the
1289:Kingdom of Italy
1258:
1255:
1104:Italian Republic
1082:(1866), and the
1047:Canton of Geneva
1033:'s accession to
995:had always been
865:
858:
851:
787:
780:
779:
740:
739:
726:
725:
718:Kingdom of Italy
714:
713:
701:
700:
687:
686:
673:
672:
659:
658:
645:
644:
638:
637:
622:
621:
448:Subalpine Senate
294:
174:
125:
109:
91:
83:
81:Regn ëd Sardëgna
77:
69:
63:
55:
49:
41:
39:Regnum Sardiniae
30:
29:
8127:
8126:
8122:
8121:
8120:
8118:
8117:
8116:
8047:
8046:
8045:
8040:
8020:
8007:
7978:Public holidays
7809:
7755:Life expectancy
7642:
7497:
7413:Law enforcement
7349:
7202:
7149:
7138:Social Republic
7102:Colonial Empire
7085:Capture of Rome
7038:
6931:
6840:
6733:Ancient peoples
6721:
6658:
6619:Historic states
6577:
6552:
6543:
6513:
6508:
6462:
6441:
6405:
6369:
6360:Antonio Rosmini
6330:Goffredo Mameli
6280:Giosuè Carducci
6258:
6249:Ruggero Settimo
6177:
6156:
6137:Capture of Rome
5986:
5977:
5924:
5915:
5885:
5876:
5830:
5733:
5732:Post-Napoleonic
5723:
5657:
5593:
5587:
5575:
5517:
5513:
5512:(1130–1816) and
5511:
5503:
5448:
5436:
5403:
5377:
5368:Emirate of Bari
5354:
5341:Theme of Sicily
5336:Duchy of Naples
5311:Duchy of Amalfi
5296:
5288:
5236:
5235:Other Republics
5230:
5208:
5200:
5194:County of Tenda
5174:County of Savoy
5134:Duchy of Reggio
5104:Duchy of Mantua
5032:March of Friuli
4964:
4962:
4960:
4952:
4948:Duchy of Urbino
4933:Duchy of Castro
4910:
4902:
4856:
4850:Duchy of Tuscia
4830:Duchy of Friuli
4793:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4774:
4753:(753 BC–509 BC)
4737:
4652:
4647:
4617:
4612:
4603:
4590:
4569:
4548:
4527:
4501:
4487:
4457:
4452:
4448:Río de la Plata
4391:
4382:
4291:
4282:
4252:
4247:
4238:
4164:
4084:
4051:
4001:
3992:
3944:
3934:
3932:
3807:
3782:
3756:(2012): 45–73.
3739:
3720:
3673:
3646:
3641:
3640:
3630:
3628:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3601:
3597:
3588:
3586:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3538:
3534:
3523:
3519:
3514:
3510:
3493:
3489:
3483:Wayback Machine
3472:
3468:
3459:
3455:
3439:
3435:
3423:
3419:
3410:
3408:
3401:
3385:
3378:
3369:
3367:
3360:
3344:
3337:
3328:
3326:
3319:
3303:
3296:
3287:
3285:
3278:
3262:
3258:
3249:
3247:
3240:
3224:
3217:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3190:
3184:
3180:
3167:
3165:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3130:
3126:
3117:
3115:
3108:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3071:
3069:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3042:
3040:
3033:
3017:
3013:
3004:
3002:
2995:
2979:
2975:
2960:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2927:
2925:
2918:
2900:
2893:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2863:
2859:
2849:
2835:
2831:
2821:
2819:
2812:Limba Sarda 2.0
2806:
2805:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2781:
2777:
2769:
2765:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2728:
2727:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2635:
2628:
2618:
2617:
2610:
2608:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2572:
2565:
2563:
2556:
2554:
2547:
2545:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2506:
2504:
2497:
2495:
2480:
2478:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2452:
2447:
2432:
2421:
2412:
2401:
2392:Royal Standards
2387:
2379:), the Italian
2373:
2364:
2354:
2345:
2338:
2329:
2322:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2277:
2266:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2234:
2227:
2218:
2211:
2202:
2195:
2186:
2175:
2161:
2154:
2145:
2138:
2129:
2122:
2113:
2106:
2052:
2046:
2022:
1960:Crown of Aragon
1905:
1897:Sardinian scudo
1877:
1857:
1817:
1766:Treaty of Turin
1749:Parma, Piacenza
1745:
1654:
1623:
1581:Napoleonic Code
1486:
1370:
1362:Main articles:
1360:
1340:County of Savoy
1275:(5th century),
1256:
1192:
1186:
1181:
1112:
957:Crown of Aragon
869:
822:Vandal Sardinia
774:
737:
723:
698:
684:
670:
656:
642:
616:
593:Sardinian scudo
568:
545:
532:
511:
498:
485:
459:
444:
415:
403:
373:
361:
340:
336:
326:
292:Catholic Church
259:
255:
238:
227:
223:
216:
202:
193:Sovereign state
181:
165:
163:
147:(Motto for the
146:
135:
134:
133:
131:
126:
118:
117:
115:
110:
92:
85:
78:
71:
64:
57:
50:
43:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8125:
8115:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8042:
8041:
8039:
8038:
8028:
8016:
8013:
8012:
8009:
8008:
8006:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7819:
7817:
7811:
7810:
7808:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7751:
7750:
7749:
7748:
7733:
7732:
7731:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7660:
7654:
7648:
7647:
7644:
7643:
7641:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7629:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7586:Stock exchange
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7552:
7551:
7546:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7515:
7509:
7503:
7502:
7499:
7498:
7496:
7495:
7490:
7488:Municipalities
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7448:Prime Minister
7445:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7399:
7398:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7367:
7361:
7355:
7354:
7351:
7350:
7348:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7335:Regional parks
7332:
7330:National parks
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7291:
7290:
7280:
7279:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7242:
7241:
7239:Climate change
7231:
7226:
7220:
7214:
7208:
7207:
7204:
7203:
7201:
7200:
7199:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7157:
7155:
7151:
7150:
7148:
7147:
7146:
7145:
7140:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7115:
7114:
7104:
7099:
7089:
7088:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7046:
7044:
7040:
7039:
7037:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7015:
7014:
7004:
7002:Duchy of Savoy
6999:
6994:
6989:
6988:
6987:
6986:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6939:
6937:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6929:
6924:
6923:
6922:
6912:
6910:Lombard League
6907:
6906:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6848:
6846:
6842:
6841:
6839:
6838:
6837:
6836:
6835:
6834:
6832:Western Empire
6824:
6819:
6817:Roman conquest
6814:
6809:
6799:
6798:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6771:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6738:Italic peoples
6729:
6727:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6718:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6666:
6664:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6585:
6583:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6569:
6567:
6560:
6554:
6553:
6542:
6541:
6534:
6527:
6519:
6510:
6509:
6507:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6470:
6468:
6464:
6463:
6461:
6460:
6455:
6449:
6447:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6413:
6411:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6377:
6375:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6350:Carlo Pisacane
6347:
6345:Silvio Pellico
6342:
6340:Ippolito Nievo
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6295:Vincenzo Cuoco
6292:
6287:
6285:Carlo Cattaneo
6282:
6277:
6272:
6266:
6264:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6185:
6183:
6179:
6178:
6176:
6175:
6170:
6164:
6162:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6127:Roman Question
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6048:
6047:
6045:Roman Republic
6042:
6037:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5996:
5994:
5988:
5987:
5980:
5978:
5976:
5975:
5970:
5968:Duchy of Parma
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5942:House of Savoy
5934:
5932:
5926:
5925:
5914:
5913:
5906:
5899:
5891:
5882:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5874:
5868:
5862:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5851:Italian Empire
5841:
5839:
5829:
5828:
5822:
5816:
5810:
5804:
5798:
5795:Roman Republic
5792:
5786:
5780:
5774:
5768:
5762:
5756:
5750:
5747:Duchy of Lucca
5744:
5741:Duchy of Genoa
5737:
5735:
5729:
5728:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5665:
5663:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5604:
5602:
5595:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5521:
5519:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5452:
5450:
5442:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5413:
5411:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5364:
5362:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5347:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5316:Duchy of Gaeta
5313:
5307:
5305:
5298:
5294:Southern Italy
5290:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5240:
5238:
5237:(c. 1000–1797)
5232:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5212:
5210:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5189:County of Nice
5186:
5184:Duchy of Aosta
5181:
5176:
5171:
5164:Savoyard state
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5099:Duchy of Milan
5096:
5094:Duchy of Ivrea
5091:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4968:
4966:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4914:
4912:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4886:
4880:
4867:
4865:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4835:Duchy of Ivrea
4832:
4827:
4816:
4810:
4804:
4801:Odoacer's rule
4797:
4795:
4786:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4766:
4765:(27 BC–395 AD)
4760:
4759:(509 BC–27 BC)
4757:Roman Republic
4754:
4747:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4696:Cisalpine Gaul
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4653:
4646:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4623:
4614:
4613:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4599:County of Nice
4591:
4580:
4570:
4559:
4557:Duchy of Genoa
4549:
4538:
4536:Duchy of Aosta
4528:
4525:Duchy of Savoy
4517:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4494:House of Savoy
4486:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4463:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4440:
4430:
4420:
4410:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4370:
4360:
4350:
4340:
4330:
4320:
4310:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4281:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4258:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4180:
4174:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4103:
4098:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4061:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4011:
4009:
4003:
4002:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3986:South Sardinia
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3958:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3931:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3866:
3856:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3824:
3821:
3811:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3786:
3780:
3767:
3760:
3750:
3743:
3737:
3724:
3718:
3705:
3691:
3677:
3671:
3658:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3608:
3595:
3566:
3552:
3532:
3517:
3508:
3487:
3466:
3453:
3433:
3417:
3399:
3376:
3358:
3335:
3317:
3294:
3276:
3256:
3238:
3215:
3178:
3149:
3142:
3124:
3106:
3078:
3049:
3031:
3011:
2993:
2973:
2958:
2933:
2916:
2891:
2877:
2857:
2847:
2829:
2799:
2787:
2775:
2763:
2751:
2718:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2649:Spanish Empire
2646:
2641:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2609:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2585:
2583:
2564:
2555:
2546:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2522:
2520:
2505:
2496:
2483: Duchies
2479:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2434:
2433:
2423:Crown Prince (
2422:
2415:
2413:
2402:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2374:
2367:
2365:
2355:
2348:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2314:
2305:
2298:
2296:
2287:
2280:
2278:
2267:
2260:
2258:
2249:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2187:
2176:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2098:
2079:Charles Albert
2048:Main article:
2045:
2042:
2021:
2018:
1940:Perfect Fusion
1933:personal union
1925:Duchy of Genoa
1921:County of Nice
1913:Duchy of Savoy
1904:
1901:
1893:Sardinian lira
1885:Napoleonic era
1876:
1873:
1856:
1853:
1841:House of Savoy
1816:
1813:
1744:
1741:
1690:Ottoman Empire
1650:Main article:
1622:
1619:
1598:Perfect fusion
1569:Charles Albert
1567:(1821–31) and
1485:
1482:
1478:Perfect Fusion
1453:In 1767–1769,
1394:Duchy of Milan
1359:
1356:
1299:and counties.
1190:Duchy of Savoy
1188:Main article:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1169:Perfect Fusion
1162:personal union
1153:Savoyard state
1132:County of Nice
1124:Duchy of Aosta
1120:Duchy of Savoy
1116:House of Savoy
1111:
1108:
1012:Perfect Fusion
961:Spanish Empire
925:Perfect Fusion
917:personal union
909:Duchy of Genoa
905:County of Nice
897:Duchy of Savoy
889:House of Savoy
881:Savoyard state
871:
870:
868:
867:
860:
853:
845:
842:
841:
840:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
796:
795:
789:
788:
776:
775:
773:
772:
767:
762:
756:
754:
750:
749:
746:
745:
742:
741:
734:
728:
727:
720:
711:
708:
707:
702:
694:
693:
688:
680:
679:
674:
666:
665:
663:Duchy of Savoy
660:
652:
651:
646:
634:
633:
628:
618:
617:
615:
614:
611:Sardinian lira
608:
602:
596:
590:
583:
581:
577:
576:
573:
572:
569:
566:
563:
562:
559:
558:
554:
553:
550:
549:
546:
540:
537:
536:
533:
519:
516:
515:
512:
509:Perfect fusion
506:
503:
502:
499:
493:
490:
489:
486:
483:
480:
479:
476:
475:
470:
469:Historical era
466:
465:
460:
454:
451:
450:
445:
439:
436:
435:
430:
426:
425:
422:
421:
416:
413:
410:
409:
404:
401:
398:
397:
394:
393:
390:
388:Prime Minister
384:
383:
380:
379:
374:
371:
368:
367:
362:
359:
356:
355:
352:
351:
348:
342:
341:
339:
338:
328:
320:
318:
314:
313:
308:
302:
301:
289:
285:
284:
233:
229:
228:
226:
225:
218:
210:
208:
204:
203:
201:
200:
189:
187:
183:
182:
180:in light green
175:
167:
166:
153:
152:
149:House of Savoy
137:
136:
127:
120:
119:
111:
104:
103:
102:
99:
98:
94:
93:
36:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8124:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8054:
8052:
8037:
8029:
8027:
8018:
8017:
8014:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7820:
7818:
7816:
7812:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7747:
7744:
7743:
7742:
7739:
7738:
7737:
7734:
7730:
7727:
7726:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7661:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7649:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7613:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7541:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7516:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7504:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7453:
7449:
7446:
7443:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7397:
7394:
7393:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7368:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7356:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7289:
7286:
7285:
7284:
7281:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7263:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7240:
7237:
7236:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7221:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7209:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7181:Years of Lead
7179:
7177:
7176:Economic Boom
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7163:
7162:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7152:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7119:Fascist Italy
7117:
7113:
7110:
7109:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7094:
7093:
7090:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7065:Niçard exodus
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7052:
7051:
7048:
7047:
7045:
7041:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7013:
7010:
7009:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6965:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6945:
6944:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6934:
6928:
6925:
6921:
6918:
6917:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6855:
6854:
6853:
6850:
6849:
6847:
6843:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6804:
6803:
6800:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6785:Magna Graecia
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6740:
6739:
6736:
6735:
6734:
6731:
6730:
6728:
6724:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6672:
6671:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6661:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6584:
6580:
6574:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6555:
6551:
6547:
6540:
6535:
6533:
6528:
6526:
6521:
6520:
6517:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6465:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6446:National days
6444:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6414:
6412:
6408:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6378:
6376:
6372:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6265:
6261:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6239:Aurelio Saffi
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6224:Daniele Manin
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6204:Celso Ceretti
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6180:
6174:
6173:Flag of Italy
6171:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6159:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6032:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6025:Neo-Guelphism
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5993:
5989:
5984:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5943:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5921:
5912:
5907:
5905:
5900:
5898:
5893:
5892:
5889:
5872:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5838:
5833:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5799:
5796:
5793:
5790:
5787:
5784:
5781:
5778:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5760:
5757:
5754:
5751:
5748:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5730:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5660:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5582:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5535:Duchy of Sora
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5516:
5510:
5506:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5373:Muslim Sicily
5371:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5357:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5233:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4959:
4955:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4898:
4895:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4881:
4878:
4877:Duchy of Rome
4875:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4859:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4814:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4790:
4787:
4777:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4751:Roman Kingdom
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4723:Magna Graecia
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4644:
4639:
4637:
4632:
4630:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4610:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4484:
4479:
4477:
4472:
4470:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4389:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4279:
4274:
4272:
4267:
4265:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4246:
4241:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3999:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3938:
3929:
3924:
3922:
3917:
3915:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3890:9788889801024
3887:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3874:9788889801635
3871:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3855:
3854:9788864290102
3851:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3819:9788887825657
3816:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3787:
3783:
3781:0-521-55146-3
3777:
3773:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3734:
3730:
3725:
3721:
3719:0-396-05908-2
3715:
3711:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3689:9780674035195
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3672:0-582-49146-0
3668:
3664:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3626:
3622:
3620:
3612:
3605:
3599:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3570:
3555:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3521:
3512:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3470:
3463:
3457:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3437:
3431:
3427:
3426:Sardi molenti
3421:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3383:
3381:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3342:
3340:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3301:
3299:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3260:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3222:
3220:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3176:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3145:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3082:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3053:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3015:
3000:
2996:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2977:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2898:
2896:
2880:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2861:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2840:
2833:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2796:
2791:
2784:
2779:
2772:
2767:
2760:
2755:
2739:
2735:
2733:
2725:
2723:
2706:
2702:
2700:
2692:
2690:
2685:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
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2091:flag of Italy
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2069:
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2061:
2060:flag of Savoy
2057:
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2027:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2004:
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1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1968:Great Britain
1965:
1964:Acts of Union
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1883:. During the
1882:
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1866:
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1304:Oddo of Savoy
1300:
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1257: 220 BC
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977:Duke of Savoy
974:
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753:Today part of
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419:Camillo Benso
417:
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385:
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378:
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335:
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331:Parliamentary
329:
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114:
108:
100:
95:
89:
82:
75:
68:
61:
54:
47:
40:
31:
26:
22:
7863:Architecture
7833:Quattrocento
7790:Social class
7770:Prostitution
7684:Demographics
7606:Trade unions
7549:Central Bank
7391:Human rights
7371:Constitution
7154:Contemporary
7124:World War II
7012:Italian Wars
6991:
6936:Early modern
6878:Papal States
6856:Italy under
6802:Ancient Rome
6381:Pope Pius IX
6275:Cesare Balbo
6182:Main leaders
6052:Quadrilatero
5958:Papal States
5937:
5920:Risorgimento
5919:
5847:(1861–1946)
5825:Papal States
5806:
5653:Transpadania
5226:Stato da Màr
4908:Papal States
4819:Lombard rule
4783:Early Modern
4771:(395–476 AD)
4763:Roman Empire
4743:Ancient Rome
4514:
3791:
3771:
3763:
3753:
3746:
3728:
3709:
3697:
3680:
3662:
3650:
3644:Bibliography
3629:. Retrieved
3618:
3611:
3603:
3598:
3587:. Retrieved
3576:
3569:
3557:. Retrieved
3542:
3535:
3526:
3520:
3511:
3503:
3495:
3490:
3474:
3469:
3461:
3456:
3448:
3441:
3436:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3409:. Retrieved
3389:
3368:. Retrieved
3348:
3327:. Retrieved
3307:
3286:. Retrieved
3266:
3259:
3248:. Retrieved
3228:
3206:. Retrieved
3199:the original
3194:
3181:
3166:. Retrieved
3152:
3133:
3127:
3116:. Retrieved
3088:
3081:
3070:. Retrieved
3062:www.ohio.edu
3061:
3052:
3041:. Retrieved
3021:
3014:
3003:. Retrieved
2983:
2976:
2941:
2936:
2926:, retrieved
2907:
2882:. Retrieved
2867:
2860:
2852:
2838:
2832:
2820:. Retrieved
2811:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2770:
2766:
2758:
2754:
2742:. Retrieved
2731:
2709:. Retrieved
2698:
2615:Papal States
2561:Papal States
2502:Papal States
2437:
2436:
2435:
2428:
2424:
2408:
2404:
2385:inescutcheon
2376:
2361:
2357:
2341:
2325:
2309:
2291:
2273:
2253:
2230:
2214:
2198:
2182:
2178:
2157:
2141:
2125:
2109:
2097:Coat of Arms
2076:
2068:naval ensign
2053:
2038:Regia Marina
2023:
2007:
1976:
1954:between the
1943:
1937:
1906:
1889:French franc
1878:
1865:steam engine
1858:
1818:
1809:
1774:
1746:
1737:
1717:Napoleon III
1706:
1675:
1655:
1603:declared war
1587:
1585:
1558:
1542:buffer state
1535:
1522:
1492:against the
1487:
1457:annexed the
1452:
1435:
1433:
1418:
1379:
1301:
1264:
1263:(Turin) and
1260:
1232:
1216:Roman Empire
1201:
1166:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1113:
1094:and then to
1084:Papal States
1070:(1859), the
1061:
1054:
1041:transferred
1029:. Following
1016:
1007:
996:
993:its viceroys
989:
950:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
920:
876:
874:
631:Succeeded by
630:
625:
605:French franc
567:• 1821
407:Cesare Balbo
256:
235:
178:client state
156:
141:Motto:
140:
129:Coat of arms
7928:Italophilia
7888:Coat of arm
7838:Cinquecento
7714:Immigration
7664:Aristocracy
7529:Agriculture
7423:Nationality
7396:LGBT rights
7310:Earthquakes
7191:Mani pulite
7107:World War I
7050:Unification
7043:Late modern
7007:Renaissance
6852:Middle Ages
6845:Middle Ages
6822:Roman Italy
6589:Citizenship
6305:Ugo Foscolo
6087:Crimean War
6020:Young Italy
5873:(1947–1954)
5867:(1943–1945)
5861:(1920–1924)
5853:(1882–1960)
5837:unification
5827:(1814–1870)
5821:(1815–1866)
5815:(1816–1861)
5809:(1814–1860)
5803:(1859–1860)
5797:(1849–1850)
5791:(1848–1849)
5773:(1815–1859)
5767:(1814–1859)
5761:(1814–1859)
5755:(1814–1829)
5749:(1815–1847)
5743:(1815–1848)
5633:Parthenopea
5594:(1792–1815)
5552:(1647–1648)
5518:(1282–1816)
5500:(1324–1861)
5461:Agugliastra
5326:Longobardia
4963:independent
4813:Vandal rule
4418:New Granada
4193:Campidanese
4080:Nationalism
4015:Nuragic era
2822:28 November
2254:c.1799–1802
2239:Other Flags
2166:State Flags
1869:sugar beets
1828:annexations
1686:Crimean War
1662:city-states
1563:(1802–21),
1419:During the
1328:marquisates
1324:Alessandria
1291:within the
1224:Burgundians
1110:Terminology
1064:Crimean War
1035:Switzerland
963:. With the
626:Preceded by
613:(1816–1861)
607:(1800–1814)
473:Late modern
457:Lower house
442:Upper house
429:Legislature
337:(1849–1861)
327:(1720–1849)
270:Piedmontese
224:(1798–1814)
199:(1720–1861)
132:(1833–1848)
116:(1816–1848)
88:Piedmontese
8051:Categories
7998:Traditions
7988:Television
7973:Philosophy
7938:Literature
7878:Cathedrals
7848:Settecento
7709:Healthcare
7674:Corruption
7669:Censorship
7428:Parliament
7386:Government
7186:Maxi Trial
7134:Resistance
6863:Ostrogoths
6795:Messapians
6680:Villanovan
6670:Prehistory
6663:Prehistory
6504:Third Rome
5704:Pontecorvo
5662:Monarchies
5648:Subalpinia
5613:Cispadania
5608:Cisalpinia
5590:Napoleonic
5297:(774–1139)
5209:(697–1797)
4911:(754–1870)
4873:(584–751)
4821:(568–774)
4245:Categories
4232:Tabarchino
4188:Logudorese
4138:Sardinians
3864:8884677882
3835:8871380843
3805:In Italian
3589:2023-05-07
3411:2023-05-18
3370:2023-05-18
3329:2023-07-10
3288:2023-05-10
3250:2023-05-10
3168:2023-01-19
3118:2023-01-19
3072:2023-01-19
3043:2023-05-10
3005:2023-07-10
2928:2023-05-10
2619:After the
2438:References
2306:War Ensign
1903:Government
1849:referendum
1398:Charles VI
1336:Montferrat
1326:, and the
1277:Byzantines
1204:Allobroges
587:Cagliarese
557:Population
433:Parliament
317:Government
306:Demonym(s)
7958:Mythology
7933:Libraries
7853:Ottocento
7795:Terrorism
7736:Languages
7689:Education
7611:Transport
7561:Companies
7468:Provinces
7438:President
7403:Judiciary
7376:Elections
7288:Volcanoes
7283:Volcanism
7276:Apennines
7261:Mountains
7229:Peninsula
7212:Geography
7143:Civil War
6868:Byzantium
6775:Etruscans
6710:Canegrate
6705:Golasecca
6690:Rinaldone
6685:Terramare
6675:Neolithic
6489:Redshirts
6374:Opponents
6005:Carbonari
5679:Guastalla
5669:Benevento
5601:Republics
5456:Judicates
5304:Byzantine
4961:and other
4899:(585–698)
4891:(554–752)
4885:(554–752)
4879:(533–751)
4864:(584–751)
4815:(435–534)
4809:(493–553)
4803:(476–493)
4794:(476–774)
4728:Iapygians
4428:New Spain
4408:Columbian
4318:Catalonia
4220:Algherese
4208:Sassarese
4203:Gallurese
4183:Sardinian
4170:Languages
4148:Corsicans
4025:Judicates
3961:Provinces
3606:, p. 108.
2675:Footnotes
2429:1861–1880
2425:1848–1861
2409:1861–1880
2405:1848–1861
2381:tricolore
2377:1851–1861
2358:1816–1848
2342:1816–1848
2326:1814–1816
2310:1802–1814
2292:1802–1814
2274:1785–1802
2231:1851–1861
2215:1848–1851
2199:1816–1848
2179:1720-1848
2158:1848–1861
2142:1831–1848
2126:1815–1831
2110:1720–1815
1974:in 1800.
1775:In 1860,
1729:Solferino
1644:Garibaldi
1465:from the
1444:Jerusalem
1384:. By the
1354:in 1563.
1302:In 1046,
601:(to 1816)
595:(to 1816)
589:(to 1813)
571:3,974,500
311:Sardinian
288:Religion
240:Sardinian
97:1720–1861
60:Sardinian
8036:Category
7923:Internet
7913:Folklore
7843:Seicento
7828:Trecento
7823:Duecento
7785:Religion
7746:Regional
7724:Italians
7699:Gambling
7591:Taxation
7418:Military
7359:Politics
7161:Republic
6948:Florence
6873:Lombards
6812:Republic
6758:Samnites
6753:Picentes
6695:Apennine
6654:Railways
6634:Military
6582:By topic
6566:Overview
6550:articles
5992:Timeline
5638:Piedmont
5488:Oristano
5481:Logudoro
5471:Cagliari
5446:Sardinia
5179:Piedmont
4928:Holy See
4779:Medieval
4733:Picentes
4676:Samnites
4378:Valencia
4358:Sardinia
4348:Portugal
4285:Viceroys
4227:Ligurian
4153:Italians
4143:Catalans
4057:Politics
4042:Monarchs
4035:Viceroys
3976:Oristano
3966:Cagliari
3956:Communes
3942:Sardinia
3625:Archived
3583:Archived
3479:Archived
3443:Stamenti
3405:Archived
3364:Archived
3323:Archived
3282:Archived
3244:Archived
3208:19 March
3162:Archived
3112:Archived
3066:Archived
3037:Archived
2999:Archived
2922:archived
2816:Archived
2738:Archived
2705:Archived
2633:See also
2576:Lombardy
2028:and the
2020:Military
1966:between
1875:Currency
1845:republic
1833:Florence
1733:Lombardy
1498:Napoleon
1396:, while
1316:communes
1312:Chambéry
1281:Lombards
1265:Eporedia
1244:and the
1238:Ligurian
1234:Piedmont
1210:and the
1140:Sardinia
1092:Florence
1078:(1860),
1074:and the
1068:Lombardy
1008:de facto
1000:Cagliari
969:Habsburg
936:Piedmont
932:Sardinia
885:Sardinia
580:Currency
297:official
274:Ligurian
244:Corsican
221:Cagliari
7993:Theatre
7968:Palaces
7948:Museums
7918:Gardens
7903:Fashion
7893:Cuisine
7873:Castles
7815:Culture
7765:Poverty
7741:Italian
7652:Society
7633:Welfare
7601:Tourism
7571:Exports
7539:Banking
7519:Economy
7507:Economy
7463:Regions
7345:Valleys
7315:Islands
7295:Beaches
7266:Prealps
7246:Geology
7234:Climate
6898:Normans
6858:Odoacer
6807:Kingdom
6790:Ligures
6726:Ancient
6700:Nuragic
6649:Postage
6624:Judaism
6614:Genetic
6604:Fashion
6599:Economy
6558:History
6410:Museums
6161:Symbols
5719:Corsica
5709:Tuscany
5674:Etruria
5623:Liguria
5476:Gallura
5466:Arborea
5382:Lombard
5082:Tuscany
5072:Trieste
4708:Ligures
4669:Etruria
4492:of the
4338:Navarre
4287:of the
4215:Catalan
4178:Italian
4096:Cuisine
4089:Culture
4030:Kingdom
4007:History
3981:Sassari
3559:3 March
2493:Tuscany
1972:Ireland
1855:Economy
1801:Palermo
1797:Messina
1789:Abruzzo
1781:toppled
1761:Romagna
1753:Tuscany
1725:Magenta
1709:Austria
1694:Britain
1664:on the
1658:duchies
1613:at the
1607:Austria
1506:Joubert
1461:in the
1448:Ottoman
1332:Saluzzo
1246:Salassi
1242:Taurini
1222:to the
1179:History
1148:Italian
1080:Venetia
1043:Carouge
997:de jure
973:Bourbon
541:•
520:•
507:•
494:•
455:•
440:•
282:Arpitan
278:Occitan
262:Italian
252:Spanish
248:Catalan
207:Capital
157:Anthem:
74:Italian
8024:
7898:Design
7883:Cinema
7858:Anthem
7780:Racism
7729:People
7704:Health
7566:Energy
7556:Brands
7483:Comune
7478:Cities
7340:Rivers
7300:Canals
6983:Amalfi
6968:Venice
6827:Empire
6768:Veneti
6743:Latins
6715:Latial
6548:
5785:(1848)
5779:(1831)
5734:states
5699:Naples
5409:Norman
5216:Dogado
5087:Verona
5052:Mantua
5047:Istria
5027:Finale
5017:Ancona
4965:states
4785:states
4703:Veneti
4681:Latins
4490:States
4368:Sicily
4328:Naples
4308:Aragon
4296:Europe
4133:People
4111:Anthem
4047:Mining
3888:
3872:
3862:
3852:
3833:
3817:
3778:
3758:online
3735:
3716:
3702:online
3687:
3669:
3655:online
3631:31 May
3550:
3496:avance
3397:
3356:
3315:
3274:
3236:
3140:
3104:
3029:
2991:
2966:
2956:
2914:
2884:11 May
2875:
2845:
2744:31 May
2711:31 May
2613:
2611:
2604:
2602:
2596:
2593:1861:
2568:
2566:
2559:
2557:
2550:
2548:
2541:
2539:
2533:
2530:1860:
2509:
2507:
2500:
2498:
2489:Modena
2481:
2474:
2472:
2466:
2463:1859:
1931:and a
1835:. But
1793:Naples
1759:, and
1757:Modena
1711:, the
1702:Russia
1698:France
1696:, and
1642:meets
1450:rule.
1440:Cyprus
1412:, the
1390:Sicily
1338:. The
1285:Franks
1250:Romans
1130:, and
1037:, the
1031:Geneva
915:and a
770:Monaco
765:France
392:
350:
266:French
195:under
186:Status
159:
84:
70:
56:
42:
7983:Sport
7953:Music
7943:Media
7805:Women
7679:Crime
7544:Banks
7320:Lakes
7305:Caves
7256:Flora
7251:Fauna
6973:Genoa
6958:Milan
6953:Siena
6893:Arabs
6780:Celts
6763:Umbri
6639:Music
6609:Flags
6546:Italy
6467:Other
5835:Post-
5684:Italy
5628:Lucca
5618:Italy
5169:Savoy
5077:Turin
5057:Milan
5042:Ivrea
4718:Umbri
4691:Celts
4106:Music
3971:Nuoro
3202:(PDF)
3191:(PDF)
2964:JSTOR
2680:Notes
2485:Parma
1805:Gaeta
1400:(the
1352:Turin
1344:duchy
1308:Savoy
1297:marks
1273:Goths
1269:Ivrea
1208:Rhône
1004:Turin
985:Aosta
760:Italy
526:Savoy
260:Also
214:Turin
197:Savoy
46:Latin
7908:Flag
7638:Wine
7626:road
7621:rail
7452:List
7442:List
7271:Alps
7136:and
6978:Pisa
6748:Osci
6644:Name
6629:LGBT
5714:Elba
5643:Rome
5592:eras
5588:and
5561:Gozo
5360:Arab
5343:and
5022:Ceva
4686:Osci
4438:Peru
4101:Flag
3886:ISBN
3870:ISBN
3860:ISBN
3850:ISBN
3831:ISBN
3815:ISBN
3776:ISBN
3733:ISBN
3714:ISBN
3685:ISBN
3667:ISBN
3633:2019
3561:2014
3548:ISBN
3395:ISBN
3354:ISBN
3313:ISBN
3272:ISBN
3234:ISBN
3210:2013
3138:ISBN
3102:ISBN
3027:ISBN
2989:ISBN
2954:ISBN
2912:ISBN
2886:2022
2873:ISBN
2843:ISBN
2824:2015
2746:2019
2713:2019
2445:Maps
2072:FERT
2024:The
1970:and
1938:The
1799:and
1791:and
1783:the
1727:and
1660:and
1442:and
1404:and
1366:and
1334:and
1322:and
1320:Asti
1212:Alps
1096:Rome
971:and
875:The
548:1861
535:1860
530:Nice
528:and
522:Loss
514:1848
501:1720
488:1720
346:King
280:and
250:and
144:FERT
113:Flag
23:and
7868:Art
7616:air
7408:Law
4781:and
3094:doi
2946:doi
1993:of
1847:by
1605:on
1330:of
1318:of
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938:or
524:of
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1851:.
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1673:.
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1556:.
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1279:,
1254:c.
1230:.
1126:,
1122:,
1106:.
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907:,
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