2998:
3060:
3115:
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2788:
2855:
2623:
2756:
2772:
168:
130:
2535:
2963:
2519:
2931:
2676:
2567:
793:
5141:
2700:
2720:
2738:
6515:
4976:
4946:
2807:
2639:
2503:
1523:
2835:
2201:
2943:
123:
2655:
5085:
4920:
5074:
2895:
4906:
2588:
779:
212:
888:
863:
3162:
1468:, who reigned in the island from the 9th or 10th century until the beginning of the 11th century, can be considered real kings of all Sardinia (Κύριε βοήθε ιοῦ δού λού σου Tουρκοτουρίου ἅρχωντοσ Σαρδινίας καί τής δού ληςσου Γετιτ), even though nominal vassals of the Byzantine emperors. Of these sovereigns, only two names are known: Turcoturiu and Salusiu (Tουρκοτουριου βασιλικου προτοσπαθαριου και Σαλουσιου των ευγενεστατων άρχωντων), who probably ruled in the 10th century. The Archons still wrote in Greek or Latin, but one of the oldest documents left of the
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1650:
5064:
751:
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5095:
949:
765:
849:
4876:
4866:
5053:
4836:
4966:
4936:
4856:
2485:
155:
2211:
4469:
4846:
5043:
4886:
3900:"Antiquitas nostra primum Calarense iudicatum, quod tunc erat caput tocius Sardinie, armis subiugavit, et regem Sardinie Musaitum nomine civitati Ianue captum adduxerunt, quem per episcopum qui tunc Ianue erat, aule sacri palatii in Alamanniam mandaverunt, intimantes regnum illius nuper esse additum ditioni Romani imperii." – Oberti Cancellarii, Annales p 71, Georg Heinrich (a cura di) MGH, Scriptores, Hannoverae, 1863, XVIII, pp. 56–96
4530:
807:
835:
821:
5106:
2069:
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902:
5127:
1961:
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3837:
cepit civitatem edificare ibi atque homines Sardos vivos in cruce murare. Et tunc Pisani et
Ianuenses illuc venere, et ille propter pavorem eorum fugit in Africam. Pisani vero et Ianuenses reversi sunt Turrim, in quo insurrexerunt Ianuenses in Pisanos, et Pisani vicerunt illos et eiecerunt eos de Sardinea."
2330:
voted in referendums to join the
Kingdom of Sardinia. This alarmed Napoleon III, who feared a strong Savoyard state on his south-eastern border and he insisted that if the Kingdom of Sardinia were to keep the new acquisitions they would have to cede Savoy and Nice to France. This was done through the
1708:
waged war on Aragon. The Crown of Aragon did not reduce the last of the judicates (indigenous kingdoms of
Sardinia) until 1420. The Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica retained its separate character as part of the Crown of Aragon and was not merely incorporated into the Kingdom of Aragon. At the time of
4014:
Barisone Doria: "La senyoria no la tenim ne havem haùda ne del rey ne da regina, e no som tenguts a rey ne a regina axi com eren los dits harons de
Sicilia, abans de la dita senyoria e domini obtenim per Madonna Elionor, nostra muller, che és jutgessa d'Arborea e filla e succehidora per son pare per
1200:, since the island of Sardinia had always been of secondary importance to the monarchy. Under Savoyard rule, the kingdom's government, ruling class, cultural models and center of population were entirely situated in the mainland. Therefore, while the capital of the island of Sardinia and the seat of
2183:
issued by
Charles Albert; as a result, the kingdom's fundamental institutions were deeply transformed, assuming the shape of a constitutional and centralized monarchy on the French model; under the same pressure, Charles Albert declared war on Austria. After initial success, the war took a turn for
3909:
Crónica del califa 'Abd ar-Rahmân III an-Nâsir entre los años 912–942,(al-Muqtabis V), édicion. a cura de P. CHALMETA – F. CORRIENTE, Madrid, 1979, p. 365 "Tuesday, August 24th 942 (A.D.), a messenger of the Lord of the island of
Sardinia appeared at the gate of al-Nasir ... asking for a treaty of
3836:
B. Maragonis, Annales pisani a. 1004–1175, ed. K. Pertz, in MGH, Scriptores, 19, Hannoverae, 1861/1963, pp. 236–2 and Gli
Annales Pisani di Bernardo Maragone, a cura di M. L. Gentile, in Rerum Italicarum Scriptores, n.e., VI/2, Bologna 1930, pp. 4–7. "1017. Fuit Mugietus reversus in Sardineam, et
2397:
of all other
Apennine states, plus Sicily, to the Kingdom of Sardinia. The institutions and laws of the kingdom were quickly extended to all of Italy, abolishing the administrations of the other regions. Piedmont became the most dominant and wealthiest region in Italy and the capital of Piedmont,
1518:
of Genoa and Pisa, that through alliances with the "judges" (the local rulers), secured their political and economic zones of influence. While Genoa was mostly, but not always, in the north and west regions of
Sardinia, that is, in the Judicates of Gallura and Logudoro; Pisa was mostly, but not
2381:, to France. He also failed to fulfill the promises that had gained him popular and military support by the Sicilians: that the new nation would be a republic, not a kingdom, and that the Sicilians would see great economic gains after unification. The former did not come to pass until 1946.
4015:
lo jutgat d'Arborea, la qual Casa d'Arborea ha D anys que ha hauda senyioria en la present illa" "We had our lordship not from any king or queen and have not to be loyal to any king or queen as sicilian Barons, because we had our lordship from
Madonna Elionor, our wife, who is Lady Judge (
2602:
1622:(pro-imperial) city of Pisa and the Holy Roman Empire itself. Furthermore, Sardinia was then under the control of the very Catholic kings of Aragon, and the last result of rapprochement of the island to Rome. The Sardinian church had never been under the control of the
1370:("transfer of rule") and continued to organize itself along the ancient Roman and Byzantine model. The island was not the personal property of the ruler and of his family, as was then the dominant practice in western Europe, but rather a separate entity and during the
1864:, started the conquest of the remaining Sardinian territories, which formed the Kingdom of Sardinia. In 1368 an Arborean offensive succeeded in nearly driving the Aragonese from the island, reducing the "Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica" to just the port cities of
1541:. The first could not reunify the island under his rule, despite years of war against the other Sardinian judges, and he finally concluded a peace treaty with them in 1172. The second did not have the opportunity. Invested with the title from his father,
2243:
and associated islands, the Kingdom of Sardinia was troubled with political instability under alternating governments. After a short and disastrous renewal of the war with Austria in 1849, Charles Albert abdicated on 23 March 1849 in favour of his son
3683:
2997:
1860:, the only Sardinian state that remained independent of foreign domination, proved far more difficult to subdue. Threatened by the Aragonese claims of suzerainty and consolidation of the rest of the island, in 1353 Arborea, under the leadership of
1441:, Rome made many efforts to restore Latinity to the Sardinian church, politics and society, and to finally reunify the island under one Catholic ruler, as it had been for all of southern Italy, when the Byzantines had been driven away by Catholic
2930:
2894:
3910:
peace and friendship. With him were the merchants, people Malfat, known in al-Andalus as from Amalfi, with the whole range of their precious goods, ingots of pure silver, brocades etc. ... transactions which drew gain and great benefits"
2305:
to Napoleon, who in turn then ceded the territory to the Kingdom of Sardinia to avoid "embarrassing" the defeated Austrians. Cavour angrily resigned from office when it became clear that Victor Emmanuel would accept this arrangement.
1385:
from north Africa (recently conquered by Arab armies) harassed the population of the coastal cities. Information about the Sardinian political situation in the following centuries is scarce. Due to Saracen attacks, in the 9th century
4023:) of Arborea, daughter and successor of her father of the Judicate of Arborea, and this House of Arborea has reigned for five hundreds years in this island." – Archivo de la Corona d'Aragon. Colleccion de documentos inéditos. XLVIII
4058:
G. Seche, L'incoronazione di Barisone "Re di Sardegna" in due fonti contemporanee: gli Annales genovesi e gli Annales pisani, in Rivista dell'Istituto di storia dell'Europa mediterranea, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, n°4,
1361:. It remained a Byzantine province until the Arab conquest of Sicily in the 9th century. After that, communications with Constantinople became very difficult, and powerful families of the island assumed control of the land.
3871:
C. Zedda-R. Pinna, La nascita dei giudicati, proposta per lo scioglimento di un enigma storiografico, su Archivio Storico Giuridico Sardo di Sassari, vol. n°12, 2007, Dipartimento di Scienze Giuridiche dell'Università di
1552:, who started to conquer it in 1324, gained full control in 1410, and directly ruled it until 1460. In that year it was incorporated into a sort of confederation of states, each with its own institutions, called the
1519:
always, in the south and east, in the Judicates of Cagliari and Arborea. That was the cause of conflicts leading to a long war between the Judges, who regarded themselves as kings fighting against rebellious nobles.
2112:(1800), the French regained control. The island of Sardinia stayed out of the reach of the French for the rest of the war and was, for the first time in centuries governed directly by its king instead of a viceroy.
3114:
3881:
F. Pinna, Le testimonianze archeologiche relative ai rapporti tra gli Arabi e la Sardegna nel medioevo, in Rivista dell'Istituto di storia dell'Europa mediterranea, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, n°4,
2942:
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In 1848, the Statute or constitution issued by King Carlo Alberto for the kingdom of Sardinia (better known as Piedmont, from its capital in Turin) proclaimed "the only State religion" the Roman Catholic
2502:
2806:
2854:
1556:, and united only in the person of the king. The Crown of Aragon was made by a council of representatives of the various states and grew in importance for the main purpose of separating the legacy of
2787:
1591:
over the oppositions of the Sicilians. The two islands proposed for this new kingdom were occupied by other states and fiefs at the time. In Sardinia, three of the four states that had succeeded
3621:
2622:
2166:
and returned the lands and power to the nobility and the Church. This reactionary policy went as far as discouraging the use of roads built by the French. These changes typified Sardinia.
1883:. After the sale of the remaining territories for 100,000 gold florins to the Judicate of Arborea in 1420, the "Kingdom of Sardinia" extended throughout the island, except for the city of
1545:
in 1239, he was soon recalled by his parent and appointed Imperial Vicar for Italy. He died in 1272 without direct recognized heirs after a detention of 23 years in a prison in Bologna.
2023:
of 17 February 1720. Because the Kingdom of Sardinia had existed since the 14th century, the exchange allowed Victor Amadeus to retain the title of king in spite of the loss of Sicily.
2179:
under liberal pressure. In the same year the island of Sardinia, a Piedmontese dependency for more than a century, lost its own residual autonomy to the mainland through the so-called
4432:
Zedda Corrado – Pinna Raimondo, La nascita dei Giudicati. Proposta per lo scioglimento di un enigma storiografico, in Archivio Storico Giuridico di Sassari, seconda serie, n° 12, 2007
2108:
to abdicate and leave for the island of Sardinia. The provisionary government voted to unite Piedmont with France. In 1799 the Austro-Russians briefly occupied the city, but with the
4077:
Geronimo Zurita, Los cinco libros postreros de la segunda parte de los Anales de la Corona d'Aragon, Oficino de Domingo de Portonaris y Ursono, Zaragoza, 1629, libro XVII, pp. 75–76
2374:
in the central peninsula. Cavour was satisfied with the unification, while Garibaldi, who was too revolutionary for the king and his prime minister, wanted to conquer Rome as well.
4377:
Gallinari Luciano, Il Giudicato di Cagliari tra XI e XIII secolo. Proposte di interpretazioni istituzionali, in Rivista dell'Istituto di Storia dell'Europa Mediterranea, n°5, 2010
211:
1879:
again swept most of the island into Arborean rule. This situation lasted until 1409 when the army of the Judicate of Arborea suffered a heavy defeat by the Aragonese army in the
2406:
throughout the peninsula, especially in southern Italy, and on the island of Sicily, because of the perceived unfair treatment of the south by the Piedmontese ruling class. The
5012:
5172:
4807:
1755:
Corsica, which had never been conquered, was dropped from the formal title and Sardinia passed with the Crown of Aragon to a united Spain. The defeat of the local kingdoms,
2026:
Victor Amadeus initially resisted the exchange, and until 1723 continued to style himself King of Sicily rather than King of Sardinia. The state took the official title of
1156:
united it with their historical possessions on the Italian mainland, and the kingdom came to be progressively identified with the mainland states, which included, besides
6775:
2755:
2019:, Duke of Savoy and King of Sicily, had to agree to yield Sicily to the Austrian Habsburgs and receive Sardinia in exchange. The exchange was formally ratified in the
5109:
2771:
1899:
in 1448. The subduing of Sardinia having taken a century, Corsica, which had never been wrested from the Genoese, was dropped from the formal title of the kingdom.
4033:
1767:, as well as the discovery of the Americas, provoked an unstoppable decline of the Kingdom of Sardinia. A short period of uprisings occurred under the local noble
3648:
167:
7086:
2699:
2298:, both French victories, Napoleon thought the war too costly to continue and made a separate peace behind Cavour's back in which only Lombardy would be ceded.
4659:
1724:, king of Sicily and heir to Aragon, bought the remaining territories for 100,000 gold florins of the Judicate of Arborea in the 1420 from the last judge,
7081:
1776:
5005:
442:
1445:. Even the title of "Judge" was a Byzantine reminder of the Greek church and state, in times of harsh relations between eastern and western churches (
5165:
4800:
1833:
and asserted his papally-approved title. In 1347, Aragon made war on landlords of the Doria House and the Malaspina House, who were citizens of the
1931:. From the 1570s onward a series of towers, known today as the Spanish Towers, were built around the island's coast to guard against pirate raids.
1775:, who defended his territories against Viceroy Nicolò Carroz and managed to defeat the viceroy's army in the 1470s, but was later crushed at the
4294:
Schena, Olivetta. "The role played by towns in parliamentary commissions in the kingdom of Sardinia in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries."
3161:
2936:
The Kingdom of Sardinia from 1368 to 1388 and 1392 to 1409, after the wars with Arborea, consisted of only the cities of Cagliari and Alghero.
2675:
4998:
4413:
Motzo Bachisio Raimondo, Studi sui bizantini in Sardegna e sull'agiografia sarda, Deputazione di Storia Patria della Sardegna, Cagliari, 1987
2834:
1026:
1172:, over both of which the Savoyards had been exercising their control since the 13th century and 1388, respectively. The formal name of this
7066:
5158:
4793:
3801:
1915:
governing the island on the king's behalf. This arrangement continued after the personal union of the crowns of Castile and Aragon to form
4068:
Dino Punchu (a cura di), I Libri Iurium della Repubblica de Genova, Ministero per i Beni Culturali e Ambientali, Roma, 1996, n°390, p. 334
2719:
2268:
1875:
A peace treaty returned the Aragonese their previous possessions in 1388, but tensions continued and, in 1382, the Arborean army led by
1681:, promising him papal support should he wish to conquer Pisan Sardinia in exchange for Sicily. In 1323 James II formed an alliance with
3579:
1402:
and numerous other coastal centres suffered the same fate. There is a record of another massive Saracen sea attack in 1015–16 from the
6566:
2638:
2587:
1623:
519:
4187:
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4426:
Paulis Giulio, Lingua e cultura nella Sardegna bizantina: testimonianze linguistiche dell'influsso greco, Sassari, L'Asfodelo, 1983
2737:
2654:
2534:
2518:
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6653:
6514:
5523:
4654:
4435:
2415:
1238:(1814–15), which restructured Europe after Napoleon's defeat, returned to Savoy its mainland possessions and augmented them with
1307:(1870). On 17 March 1861, to more accurately reflect its new geographic, cultural and political extent, the Kingdom of Sardinia
7071:
6440:
2566:
1274:, the various Savoyard states were unified under one legal system with their capital in Turin, and granted a constitution, the
4157:
3392:
4606:
4342:
AAVV. (a cura di F. Manconi), La società sarda in età spagnola, Cagliari, Consiglio Regionale della Sardegna, 2 voll., 1992-3
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granted an autonomous legislature to the kingdom and its legal traditions. The kingdom was governed in the king's name by a
7101:
6648:
5825:
5543:
4642:
2390:
1308:
1234:, the king of Sardinia temporarily resided on the island for the first time in Sardinia's history under Savoyard rule. The
650:
3919:
Constantini Porphyrogeneti De caerimoniis aulae Byzantinae, in Patrologia cursus completus. Series Graeca CXII, Paris 1857
7061:
6989:
6948:
6469:
6338:
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5046:
3198:
1951:
1940:
1800:
1639:
1177:
1047:
26:
22:
3684:"The Crown of Aragon and the Regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae in the Fourteenth Century: Comparing Institutional Identities"
6963:
6953:
6628:
6220:
5891:
4457:
319:(already officially used in the mainland since the 16th century via the Rivoli Edict; introduced to Sardinia in 1760),
1677:
of the papacy. Then, ignoring the indigenous states which already existed, the Pope offered his newly created fief to
1618:
There were other reasons beside this papal decision: it was the final successful result of the long fight against the
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1548:
The Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica (later, just the "Kingdom of Sardinia" from 1460) was a state whose king was the
1292:
1019:
868:
217:
6461:
5181:
2050:
1542:
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from the late 13th until the mid-19th century ; officialy 1297 to 1768 for the corsican part of this kingdom.
129:
6523:
6484:
6350:
4691:
4277:
Romani, Roberto. "The Reason of the Elites: Constitutional Moderatism in the Kingdom of Sardinia, 1849–1861." in
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Antonicelli, Aldo. "From Galleys to Square Riggers: The modernization of the navy of the Kingdom of Sardinia."
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1989:
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473:
431:
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Blasco Ferrer Eduardo, Crestomazia Sarda dei primi secoli, collana Officina Linguistica, Ilisso, Nuoro, 2003,
3306:. Carlodelfino Editore. pp. 32, 49). However, every king of Sardinia continued to retain the nominal title of
1364:
Facing Arab attempts to sack and conquer, while having almost no outside help, Sardinia used the principle of
6576:
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2012:
1969:
1955:
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136:
3294:, in that it was originally meant to also include the neighbouring island of Corsica, until its status as a
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Due to the Austrian government's refusal to cede any lands to the Kingdom of Sardinia, they agreed to cede
1912:
1340:
1012:
590:
400:
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started his campaign to conquer the southern Apennines in the name of the Kingdom of Sardinia. He quickly
1595:
rule in the 9th century had passed through marriage and partition under the direct or indirect control of
7025:
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5987:
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Romani, Roberto. "Reluctant Revolutionaries: Moderate Liberalism in the Kingdom of Sardinia, 1849–1859."
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1415:
1407:
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328:
3716:
Christopher Storrs, "Savoyard Diplomacy in the Eighteenth Century (1684–1798)", in Daniela Frigo (ed.),
2550:
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and claimed it as part of Sardinia. Since then the archipelago has been a part of the Sardinian region.
1522:
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6683:
6638:
6504:
6433:
6290:
6284:
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in the four cantons, or adding a blue border, or using a blue flag with the Savoy cross in one canton.
2347:
2020:
1149:
603:
200:
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2444:
became the flag of a naval power. This posed the problem that the same flag was already in use by the
2200:
7111:
7106:
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6917:
6643:
6402:
5685:
3782:
3322:
2189:
2147:
1477:
1125:, the last competing claim to the island was bought out. After the union of the crowns of Aragon and
1911:
Sardinia continued to be governed as a semi-independent kingdom, retaining its own parliament and a
6551:
6308:
5660:
5513:
5449:
5098:
1287:
in 1853, the Savoyards had built the kingdom into a strong power. There followed the annexation of
948:
25:. For the Savoyard phase of the kingdom, also known as Sardinia-Piedmont or Piedmont Sardinia, see
4465:
1968:
The Spanish domination of Sardinia ended at the beginning of the 18th century, as a result of the
6896:
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6396:
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and, following a military campaign which lasted a year or so, occupied the Pisan territories of
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2508:
Imperial Eagle of Roman Holy Emperor Charles V with the four Moors of the Kingdom of Sardinia (
2467:, surmounted by the Savoyard shield, as his flag. This flag would later become the flag of the
2332:
2159:
2136:
2097:
1861:
1772:
1557:
1534:
1446:
1255:
629:
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Coroneo Roberto, Arte in Sardegna dal IV alla metà dell'XI secolo, edizioni AV, Cagliari, 2011
3756:
3463:"Limba Sarda 2.0S'italianu in Sardigna? Impostu a òbligu de lege cun Boginu – Limba Sarda 2.0"
3426:
The phonology of Campidanian Sardinian : a unitary account of a self-organizing structure
1353:. The Romans ruled the island until the middle of the 5th century when it was occupied by the
122:
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Roberto Coroneo, Arte in Sardegna dal IV alla metà dell'XI secolo, edizioni AV, Cagliari 2011
3718:
Politics and Diplomacy in Early Modern Italy: The Structure of Diplomatic Practice, 1450–1800
3450:
Settecento sardo e cultura europea: Lumi, società, istituzioni nella crisi dell'Antico Regime
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2377:
Garibaldi was disappointed in this development, as well as in the loss of his home province,
2089:
2054:
1561:
5084:
1533:
Later, the title of King of Sardinia was granted by the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire to
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The Changing Faces of Federalism: Institutional Reconfiguration in Europe From East to West
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1507:
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1469:
1438:
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385:
324:
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Boscolo Alberto, La Sardegna bizantina e alto giudicale, Edizioni Della TorreCagliari 1978
3302:, who dropped the last original bit mentioning Corsica in 1479 (Francesco Cesare, Casula.
8:
7015:
7010:
7005:
6801:
6608:
6561:
6546:
6531:
6390:
6121:
6024:
6007:
5997:
5852:
5775:
5598:
5593:
5528:
5428:
5338:
5077:
4969:
4724:
4627:
4538:
4512:
3964:
2949:
2921:
2295:
2256:
2226:
2176:
2155:
2132:
2058:
2001:
1997:
1857:
1846:
1818:
1721:
1705:
1515:
1503:
1499:
1336:
1231:
1227:
of 1847, when all the kingdom's governmental institutions would be centralized in Turin.
1201:
956:
784:
756:
4905:
1510:, perfectly organized as was the previous realm, but was now under the influence of the
1230:
When the mainland domains of the House of Savoy were occupied and eventually annexed by
6866:
6856:
6785:
6750:
6593:
6314:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6179:
6144:
6139:
6097:
6061:
5920:
5815:
5737:
5710:
5650:
5553:
5538:
5376:
5356:
4739:
4734:
4719:
4714:
4492:
4233:
4020:
3253:
2343:
2240:
2218:
2124:
1993:
1728:, and the "Kingdom of Sardinia" extended throughout the island, except for the city of
1710:
1682:
1678:
1666:
1658:
1649:
1572:
1568:
1484:
1419:
1366:
1271:
1235:
1181:
1106:
990:
419:
294:
89:
6811:
6418:
1630:, but during the Byzantine period became influenced by Byzantine liturgy and culture.
1434:
also requested aid from the two maritime republics in the struggle against the Arabs.
7030:
7020:
6841:
6821:
6673:
6159:
6154:
6087:
6046:
6040:
5881:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5588:
5568:
5518:
5508:
5489:
5063:
4776:
4758:
4751:
4637:
4502:
4443:
4417:
4401:
4391:
4381:
4362:
4346:
4307:
4264:
4245:
4216:
4198:
4122:
3762:
3691:
3656:
3593:
3523:
3492:
3295:
2953:
2291:
2171:
2116:
2115:
In 1814, the Crown of Savoy enlarged its territories with the addition of the former
2109:
2062:
2035:
2016:
2005:
1973:
1880:
1876:
1834:
1538:
1481:
1427:
1320:
1276:
1243:
1137:
1084:
826:
798:
706:
577:
378:
346:
298:
4990:
4390:
Manconi Francesco, Una piccola provincia di un grande impero, CUEC, Cagliari, 2012,
4149:
3384:
2084:
In 1792, the Kingdom of Sardinia and the other states of the Savoy Crown joined the
6851:
6765:
6760:
6745:
6725:
6699:
6613:
6598:
6376:
5958:
5953:
5876:
5810:
5805:
5675:
5645:
5613:
5469:
5414:
5393:
5371:
5150:
4820:
4785:
4746:
4709:
4669:
4632:
4225:
3585:
3127:
2468:
2464:
2445:
2427:
2185:
1822:
1756:
1592:
1576:
1423:
1371:
1358:
1263:
1141:
1126:
881:
770:
551:
503:
365:
332:
316:
306:
302:
103:
75:
61:
4955:
4895:
4380:
Manconi Francesco, La Sardegna al tempo degli Asburgo, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2010,
6891:
6861:
6780:
6668:
5899:
5867:
5862:
5842:
5705:
5665:
5635:
5618:
5578:
5563:
5548:
5479:
5464:
5381:
5361:
5234:
5115:
5094:
4330:
4322:
4116:
4099:
3517:
2905:
2275:
2163:
2085:
1924:
1908:
1783:
and a series of plagues (in 1582, 1652 and 1655) further worsened the situation.
1768:
1553:
1173:
1077:
1065:
985:
854:
700:
320:
244:
233:
5757:
4664:
2142:
In the reaction after Napoleon, the country was ruled by conservative monarchs:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6826:
6816:
6658:
6499:
6473:
6382:
6278:
6272:
5872:
5847:
5720:
5715:
5700:
5695:
5630:
5625:
5608:
5573:
5366:
5344:
5288:
5227:
5130:
5088:
5067:
5056:
5025:
3690:, CARMEN Monographs and Studies, Amsterdam University Press, pp. 329–346,
3188:
3024:
2460:
2433:
2407:
2264:
2180:
2151:
2073:
2043:
1985:
1977:
1928:
1920:
1896:
1741:
1549:
1488:
1267:
1239:
1224:
1216:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1130:
1073:
1069:
840:
812:
718:
637:
616:
351:
323:(officially used in the mainland since the 16th century via the Rivoli Edict),
251:
237:
188:
47:
4865:
2398:
Turin, remained the Italian capital until 1865, when the capital was moved to
1779:
in 1478, ending any further revolts in the island. The unceasing attacks from
7050:
6770:
6755:
6735:
6704:
6556:
6066:
5904:
5408:
5282:
5254:
5052:
4835:
3589:
2817:
2472:
2441:
2335:, which also called for referendums to confirm the annexation. Subsequently,
2169:
The Kingdom of Sardinia industrialized from 1830 onward. A constitution, the
1780:
1514:, which claimed sovereignty over the entire island, and in particular of the
1431:
1382:
1323:
of the Kingdom of Italy, which in turn is the predecessor of the present-day
1145:
4965:
4935:
4855:
4374:
Coroneo Roberto, Scultura mediobizantina in Sardegna, Nuoro, Poliedro, 2000,
3730:
3550:
1964:
19th-century coat of arms of the Kingdom of Sardinia under the Savoy dynasty
1357:, who had also settled in north Africa. In 534 AD it was reconquered by the
6912:
6806:
6583:
6489:
5439:
5294:
5274:
5021:
3234:
when the kingdom was still considered to include Corsica. In Italian it is
3146:
3086:
3041:
2821:
2449:
2283:
2154:(1831–49), who fought at the head of a contingent of his own troops at the
2120:
2100:, giving the French army free passage through Piedmont. On 6 December 1798
1627:
1399:
1350:
1304:
1296:
712:
534:
461:
4875:
4400:
Mastino Attilio, Storia della Sardegna Antica, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2005,
2985:
1223:
seat of power. This situation would be conferred official status with the
6836:
5992:
5857:
2491:
2260:
2236:
1884:
1763:, the firm Aragonese (later Spanish) rule, the introduction of a sterile
1729:
1284:
1251:
538:
530:
513:
497:
4289:
3647:
Schena, Olivetta (2012), Gamberini, Andrea; Lazzarini, Isabella (eds.),
2339:
showed over 99.5% majorities in both areas in favour of joining France.
154:
7035:
4763:
4416:
Ortu Gian Giacomo, La Sardegna dei Giudici, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2005,
3489:
Religious intolerance and discrimination in selected European countries
2394:
2210:
1619:
694:
2886:
6536:
5259:
4959:
4679:
4429:
Spanu Luigi, Cagliari nel seicento, Edizioni Castello, Cagliari, 1999
3891:
Archeological museum of Cagliari, from Santa Sofia church in Villasor
2354:, which was the largest of the states in the region, stretching from
1764:
1403:
216:
Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont in 1859 including conquest of Lombardy;
4845:
3351:
2274:
In 1859, France sided with the Kingdom of Sardinia in a war against
2255:
was installed and the Kingdom of Sardinia became the engine driving
1809:" could be said to have started as a questionable and extraordinary
5977:
5459:
5264:
5207:
5042:
4885:
4684:
4674:
4473:
4468:
4102:
A Monograph on Plebiscites, with a Collection of Official Documents
2977:
2948:
The Kingdom of Sardinia from 1410 to 1420, after the defeat of the
2913:
2901:
2608:
Royal Standard of the Savoyard kings of Sardinia of Savoy dynasty (
2399:
2315:
2302:
2131:
to its borders after it had been annexed by France in 1792. By the
2093:
1865:
1838:
1826:
1760:
1686:
1626:; it was an autonomous province loyal to Rome and belonging to the
1395:
1391:
1312:
1288:
1208:
1165:
1092:
268:
4529:
2448:. Because of this, the Savoyards modified their flag for use as a
2068:
5239:
5200:
5105:
4816:
4088:
The Outline of History, Being a Plain History of Life and Mankind
3105:
2367:
2363:
2355:
2327:
2232:
1869:
1850:
1842:
1830:
1714:
1694:
1690:
1608:
1494:
The realm was divided into four small kingdoms, the Judicates of
1442:
1387:
1354:
1259:
1088:
360:
336:
21:
For the kingdom as part of the Aragonese and Spanish crowns, see
5029:
4329:
old interpretations but useful on details; vol 1 goes to 1859];
4261:
Cavour and the Economic Modernization of the Kingdom of Sardinia
3688:
Identity in the Middle Ages: Approaches from Southwestern Europe
2195:
1825:, James II seized the Pisan territories in the former states of
5747:
5126:
4361:, La storia di Sardegna, Carlo Delfino Editore, Sassari, 1994,
3428:, Roberto Bolognesi, The Hague : Holland Academic Graphics
2471:, and the tricolor without the Savoyard escutcheon remains the
2359:
2323:
1981:
1960:
1604:
1580:
1526:
The flag of the Kingdom of Sardinia at the funeral ceremony of
1511:
1461:
1414:). The Saracen attempt to invade the island was stopped by the
1300:
1247:
1096:
933:
928:
2286:
did not keep his promises to Cavour to fight until all of the
2162:
on the Spanish throne. Victor Emmanuel I disbanded the entire
5725:
5249:
5222:
3799:
3416:, vol. 3, a cura di Giorgia Ingrassia e Eduardo Blasco Ferrer
2909:
2411:
2371:
2319:
2135:, the Kingdom of Sardinia extended its protectorate over the
2128:
2079:
2031:
1916:
1600:
1324:
1212:
923:
633:
275:
160:
4034:"Storia di Sardegna, Pisa e Genova in guerra per il dominio"
3452:; Antonello Mattone, Piero Sanna; FrancoAngeli Storia; p. 18
1817:
existence began in 1324 when, called by their allies of the
5217:
2453:
2421:
2389:
On 17 March 1861, law no. 4671 of the Sardinian Parliament
2378:
1674:
1596:
1316:
183:
148:
Bottom: Flag 1816–1848 during the Union with Piedmont-Savoy
4410:
Meloni Piero, La Sardegna Romana, Chiarella, Sassari, 1980
1872:
and incorporating everything else into their own kingdom.
1579:. This was an inducement to join in the effort to restore
1319:. The Savoy-led Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia was thus the
4152:
Flags of the World: Kingdom of Sardinia – Part 1 (Italy).
3655:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 50–68,
3387:
Flags of the World: Kingdom of Sardinia – Part 2 (Italy).
1611:
since conquering the island nearly two centuries before (
1644:
6448:
3793:
1841:
state in north-western Sardinia, including the city of
4320:
4115:
Ortino, Sergio; Zagar, Mitja; Mastny, Vojtech (2005).
2074:
fusion of all its provinces into a single jurisdiction
1136:
In 1720, the island and its kingdom were ceded by the
5020:
3622:"Cession à la France de la souveraineté sur la Corse"
3167:
maximum expansion of the Kingdom of Sardinia, in 1860
1109:
in 1297. Beginning in 1324, James and his successors
5180:
4815:
3930:
Scultura mediobizantina in Sardegna, Nuoro, Poliedro
3754:
2290:
had been conquered. Following the bloody battles of
2072:
A map of the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1856, after the
1095:, sovereignty over both of which was claimed by the
139:
during the Aragonese and Spanish periods, and again
3354:
Bandiere degli Stati preunitari italiani: Sardegna.
2887:
Territorial evolution of Sardinia from 1324 to 1720
1837:, which controlled most of the lands of the former
2410:ruled Italy until 1946, when Italy was declared a
1945:
1923:. During this time the island became a target for
4114:
4100:Wambaugh, Sarah & Scott, James Brown (1920),
3682:Cioppi, Alessandra (2021), Sabaté, Flocel (ed.),
3578:"Cavour and the achievement of unity (1852–61)".
3258:
2440:in 1713 and the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1723, the
2418:. The result was 54.3% in favor of the Republic.
1927:, due to the frequent wars between Spain and the
1786:
1345:In 238 BC Sardinia became, along with Corsica, a
7048:
3848:"Sardegna Cultura – Periodi storici – Giudicale"
2978:Territorial evolution of Italy from 1796 to 1860
2008:, Sardinia, and the bulk of the Duchy of Milan.
1633:
1460:Before the Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica, the
1311:, and its capital was eventually moved first to
1164:, dynastic possessions like the Principality of
312:During the Savoyard period as a composite State:
6366:
4304:War, Diplomacy and the Rise of Savoy, 1690–1720
4195:Italy in the Age of the Risorgimento, 1790–1870
4086:Wells, H.G., Raymond Postgate, and G.P. Wells.
3761:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 644.
3519:An Introduction to Ancient and Modern Geography
3247:
2968:The Kingdom of Sardinia from 1448 to 1720; the
2384:
1567:The idea of the kingdom was created in 1297 by
81:
3379:
3377:
1976:of 1713, Spain's European empire was divided:
1262:and adjacent areas to the newly created Swiss
7087:States and territories disestablished in 1861
6434:
5166:
5006:
4801:
4451:
3235:
2309:
2196:Savoyard struggle for the Italian unification
2184:the worse and Charles Albert was defeated by
1653:The Kingdom of Sardinia in a 16th-century map
1105:("kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica"), to King
1020:
95:
67:
53:
5569:Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia)
4121:. Manchester University Press. p. 183.
3581:LItaly in the Age of the Risorgimento 1790–1
3241:
3222:The name of the state was originally Latin:
2864:) and Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Italy (
1394:, after more than 1800 years of occupation;
4230:Victor Emanuel, Cavour and the Risorgimento
4104:, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 599
4090:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1956. p. 753
3720:(Cambridge University Press, 2000), p. 210.
3374:
3307:
3289:
3229:
3223:
2271:, and France, and fighting against Russia.
2259:. The Kingdom of Sardinia took part in the
2096:and forced to conclude the disadvantageous
1129:, Sardinia became a part of the burgeoning
1100:
39:
7082:States and territories established in 1324
6441:
6427:
5173:
5159:
5013:
4999:
4808:
4794:
4458:
4444:
4213:The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire
3731:"Sardinia-Piedmont, Kingdom of, 1848-1849"
3551:"Sardinia-Piedmont, Kingdom of, 1848-1849"
3346:
3344:
2123:against France. This was confirmed by the
2080:Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna
1219:since the mid 16th century, which was the
1178:States of His Majesty the King of Sardinia
1087:and initially consisted of the islands of
1027:
1013:
210:
16:State in Southern Europe from 1324 to 1861
6567:Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states
2612:) and State Flag of the Savoyard States (
2028:Kingdom of Sardinia, Cyprus and Jerusalem
1624:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
1583:, then under the rule of James's brother
4258:
3800:Aldo Sandulli; Giulio Vesperini (2011).
3515:
3509:
2422:Flags, royal standards and coats of arms
2209:
2199:
2067:
1959:
1853:, and added them to its direct domains.
1648:
1521:
1309:changed its name to the Kingdom of Italy
6985:Anniversary of the Unification of Italy
6654:Brigandage in Southern Italy after 1861
5524:Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
4296:Parliaments, Estates and Representation
4192:
3809:Rivista trimestrale di diritto pubblico
3802:"L'organizzazione dello Stato unitario"
3486:
3341:
3204:
2793:War Ensign of the Kingdom of Sardinia (
1571:, as a hypothetical entity created for
1144:claimants to the Spanish throne to the
7049:
4301:
4239:
4108:
3990:"GIUDICATI in "Enciclopedia Italiana""
3965:"Sardinia - Vandal and Byzantine rule"
3681:
3646:
3573:
3571:
3263:
3100:After the annexation of Lombardy, the
1418:with the support of the fleets of the
291:During the Iberian period in Sardinia:
6422:
5154:
4994:
4789:
4439:
4160:from the original on 23 December 2017
3758:Concise Encyclopeida Of World History
3649:"The kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica"
3522:. Cummings and Hilliard. p. 98.
3395:from the original on 25 February 2017
3252:
2820:with the coat of arms of Savoy as an
2463:of Savoy adopted the "revolutionary"
1645:Foundation of the Kingdom of Sardinia
1272:one between Great Britain and Ireland
6949:Museum of the Risorgimento (Bologna)
6649:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
4263:. New York: Garland Publishing Inc.
4242:The Red Shirt and the Cross of Savoy
3298:land was eventually acknowledged by
2452:in various ways, adding the letters
2042:, although both had long been under
1480:in 1070, was already written in the
1378:, as it had been since Roman times.
1099:, which granted them as a fief, the
651:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
7067:Viceroyalties of the Spanish Empire
6990:National Unity and Armed Forces Day
3811:(in Italian): 47–49. Archived from
3723:
3584:. Routledge. 1983. pp. 53–78.
3568:
3543:
3491:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 166.
3304:Italia, il grande inganno 1861–2011
2593:Flag of the Kingdom of Sardinia in
1902:
13:
6964:Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)
6954:Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan)
6629:Second Italian War of Independence
4660:Archaeological and artistic sights
4324:The Life and Times of Cavour vol 1
3748:
3619:
2337:somewhat controversial referendums
2251:In 1852, a liberal ministry under
2119:, now a duchy, and it served as a
1934:
1895:), which had been stolen from the
14:
7128:
6959:Museum of the Risorgimento (Rome)
6664:Third Italian War of Independence
6634:United Provinces of Central Italy
6589:First Italian War of Independence
6333:United Provinces of Central Italy
4279:Sensibilities of the Risorgimento
3952:Storia Linguistica Della Sardegna
3288:The Kingdom was initially called
3104:, the Emilian Duchies and Pope's
1211:, it was the Piedmontese city of
869:United Provinces of Central Italy
6513:
5182:List of historic states of Italy
5139:
5125:
5114:
5104:
5093:
5083:
5072:
5062:
5051:
5041:
5028:
4974:
4964:
4954:
4944:
4934:
4918:
4904:
4894:
4884:
4874:
4864:
4854:
4844:
4834:
4528:
4467:
3362:from the original on 31 May 2019
3160:
3113:
3058:
2996:
2984:
2961:
2941:
2929:
2893:
2853:
2833:
2805:
2786:
2770:
2754:
2736:
2718:
2698:
2674:
2653:
2637:
2621:
2601:
2586:
2565:
2549:
2533:
2517:
2501:
2483:
1697:, claiming the territory as the
1359:Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire
1330:
1111:conquered the island of Sardinia
1083:The kingdom was a member of the
947:
900:
886:
861:
847:
833:
819:
805:
791:
777:
763:
749:
166:
153:
128:
121:
7077:1861 disestablishments in Italy
6315:Provisional Government of Milan
4321:Thayer, William Roscoe (1911).
4281:(Brill, 2018) pp. 192–244.
4244:. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co.
4240:Martin, George Whitney (1969).
4176:
4142:
4093:
4080:
4071:
4062:
4052:
4026:
4008:
3982:
3957:
3950:Ferrer, Eduardo Blasco (1984).
3944:
3935:
3922:
3913:
3903:
3894:
3885:
3875:
3865:
3840:
3830:
3775:
3710:
3675:
3640:
3613:
3480:
3216:
3199:Kingdom of Sardinia (1700–1720)
2391:proclaimed the Kingdom of Italy
2127:, which returned the region of
1952:Kingdom of Sardinia (1700–1720)
1946:Exchange of Sardinia for Sicily
1941:Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)
1807:Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica
1801:Kingdom of Sardinia (1324–1720)
1699:Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica
1640:Kingdom of Sardinia (1324–1720)
204:"The Sardinian national anthem"
27:Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)
23:Kingdom of Sardinia (1324–1720)
6923:Francis II of the Two Sicilies
6731:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
6679:Italian entry into World War I
5514:City of Fiume and its District
4602:List of presidents of Sardinia
4331:volume 2 online covers 1859–62
4306:. Cambridge University Press.
4040:(in Italian). 10 November 2017
3783:"Sardinia, Historical Kingdom"
3455:
3443:
3431:
3419:
3407:
3315:
3282:
2761:Merchant Flag and War Ensign (
2370:on Sicily. He then marched to
2205:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
1821:in the course of war with the
1793:Aragonese conquest of Sardinia
1787:Aragonese conquest of Sardinia
1603:in the 40 years preceding the
1451:Siege of Constantinople (1204)
1121:authority. In 1420, after the
1:
7072:1324 establishments in Europe
6776:Annibale Santore di Santarosa
5949:County of Apulia and Calabria
5455:Campagna e Marittima Province
4336:
3755:Carlos Ramirez-Faria (2007).
3653:The Italian Renaissance State
2916:, which included the defunct
2777:Civil Flag and Civil Ensign (
2685:
2614:late 16th – late 18th century
2253:Count Camillo Benso di Cavour
2177:the year of revolutions, 1848
2034:still claimed the thrones of
2013:War of the Quadruple Alliance
1970:War of the Spanish Succession
1956:Kingdom of Sicily under Savoy
1634:Aragonese and Spanish kingdom
1607:treaty. Genoa had also ruled
1575:under a secret clause in the
1478:Torchitorio I de Lacon-Gunale
140:
6847:Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi
6542:Revolutions during the 1820s
4302:Storrs, Christopher (1999).
3291:Regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae
3231:Regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae
3209:
3184:List of viceroys of Sardinia
3179:List of monarchs of Sardinia
2385:Towards the Kingdom of Italy
2158:, which set the reactionary
2092:, but was beaten in 1796 by
1709:his struggles with Arborea,
1671:Regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae
1341:List of monarchs of Sardinia
1102:regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae
7:
7102:Former monarchies of Europe
7026:Revisionism of Risorgimento
6604:Sicilian revolution of 1848
6485:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
6480:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
6351:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
6345:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
6297:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
5475:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
4259:Murtaugh, Frank M. (1991).
4215:, The Belknap Press, 2009,
3254:[ˈrenːuðɛzaɾˈdiɲːa]
3172:
3096:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
3051:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
2900:The political situation in
2660:State flag and war ensign (
2628:State Flag and War Ensign (
2352:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
2288:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
2221:in Teano (26 October 1860).
1740:) that was stolen from the
1564:when they married in 1469.
1455:Recapture of Constantinople
10:
7133:
7062:Former countries in Europe
6933:Joseph Radetzky von Radetz
6639:Expedition of the Thousand
6505:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
6291:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
6285:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
5686:Prince-Bishopric of Trento
5656:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
5641:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
3153:Expedition of the Thousand
2425:
2310:Garibaldi and the Thousand
2224:
2104:occupied Turin and forced
1949:
1938:
1790:
1661:, intervening between the
1637:
1390:was abandoned in favor of
1381:Starting from 705 to 706,
1334:
1043:, also referred to as the
20:
6998:
6977:
6941:
6918:Franz Joseph I of Austria
6905:
6795:Literature and philosophy
6794:
6713:
6692:
6644:Dictatorship of Garibaldi
6522:
6511:
6460:
6403:Free Territory of Trieste
6263:
6193:
6132:
6115:
6039:
5976:
5939:
5921:Principality of Benevento
5913:
5890:
5835:
5824:
5766:
5736:
5488:
5438:
5392:
5323:
5310:
5273:
5188:
5137:
5037:
4927:
4916:
4827:
4774:
4700:
4620:
4587:
4537:
4526:
4480:
3414:Storia della lingua sarda
3265:[ˈrɛɲətsarˈdəɲːa]
3070: Kingdom of Sardinia
3008: Kingdom of Sardinia
2972:was conquered in 1767–69.
2812:Civil and merchant flag (
2190:Battle of Custozza (1848)
1669:, established on paper a
1464:(ἄρχοντες) or, in Latin,
1266:. In 1847–48, through an
976:Phoenician–Punic Sardinia
916:
728:
687:
683:
673:
669:
664:
660:
647:
626:
613:
600:
587:
574:
561:
548:
544:
526:
510:
494:
483:
479:
467:
455:
451:
441:
437:
425:
415:• 1324–1327 (first)
413:
409:
399:
371:
359:
342:
286:
261:
225:
209:
195:
179:
164:Aragonese-Spanish periods
117:
112:
34:
7117:Spanish Empire in Europe
6309:Italian United Provinces
5661:Principality of Piombino
5450:Patrimony of Saint Peter
5099:Principality of Piedmont
4928:Americas and East Indies
4481:Administrative divisions
3590:10.4324/9781315836836-12
3516:Cummings, Jacob (1821).
3487:Seiwert, Hubert (2011).
3275:
3138:Kingdom Lombardy–Venetia
3078:Kingdom Lombardy–Venetia
3016:Kingdom Lombardy–Venetia
2844:) and Kingdom of Italy (
469:• 1860–1861 (last)
427:• 1849–1861 (last)
6897:Francesco Saverio Salfi
6887:Gian Domenico Romagnosi
6397:Italian Social Republic
6072:Principality of Taranto
5964:Principality of Taranto
5926:Principality of Salerno
5681:Bishopric of Tarantasia
5504:Bishopric of Bressanone
5421:Duchy of the Pentapolis
5110:Principality of Oneglia
4359:Casula Francesco Cesare
4193:Hearder, Harry (1986).
3969:Encyclopedia Britannica
3789:Encyclopædia Britannica
3438:S'italianu in Sardìnnia
3259:
3194:S'hymnu sardu nationale
2881:
2632:): Civil Flag "crowned"
2215:King Victor Emmanuel II
1845:and the semiautonomous
1797:Sardinian–Aragonese war
1726:William III of Narbonne
1693:along with the city of
1585:Frederick III of Sicily
1123:Sardinian–Aragonese war
389:constitutional monarchy
232:Associate state of the
201:S'hymnu sardu nationale
6928:Klemens von Metternich
6495:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
6450:Unification of Italy (
6303:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
6077:Terra Sancti Benedicti
5981:(from the 9th century)
5691:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
4692:National football team
4186:102.2 (2016): 153–173
3852:www.sardegnacultura.it
3308:
3300:Ferdinand II of Aragon
3290:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3102:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
2222:
2207:
2137:Principality of Monaco
2098:Treaty of Paris (1796)
2076:
1965:
1654:
1558:Ferdinand II of Aragon
1535:Barisone II of Arborea
1530:
1447:Massacre of the Latins
1293:central Italian states
1256:Treaty of Turin (1816)
1182:was and is referred to
1101:
279:(1720–1798, 1814–1861)
272:(1324–1720, 1798–1814)
250:Sovereign State under
240:(1324–1708, 1717–1720)
96:
82:
68:
54:
40:
6969:Tricolour Flag Museum
6741:Federico Confalonieri
6572:Republic of San Marco
6321:Republic of San Marco
6103:Crown Colony of Malta
5931:Principality of Capua
5671:Marquisate of Saluzzo
5534:County of Santa Fiora
5196:Etruscan civilization
5120:Marquisate of Saluzzo
4650:Sa die de sa Sardigna
4597:Elections in Sardinia
4298:39.3 (2019): 304–315.
3257:, and in Piedmontese
2970:Maddalena archipelago
2438:the Kingdom of Sicily
2404:many revolts exploded
2231:Like all the various
2213:
2203:
2090:French First Republic
2071:
2055:Maddalena archipelago
1963:
1887:(at that time called
1791:Further information:
1781:north African pirates
1744:in 1448, and renamed
1732:(at that time called
1652:
1562:Isabella I of Castile
1525:
1196:, or erroneously the
287:Common languages
6624:Plombières Agreement
6117:French Revolutionary
6057:State of the Presidi
5781:Republic of Florence
5753:Domini di Terraferma
5403:Exarchate of Ravenna
5301:Western Roman Empire
5245:Nuragic civilization
4552:Sardinia and Corsica
4184:The Mariner's Mirror
3440:, Amos Cardia, Iskra
3325:Storia dello stemma.
3312:("King of Corsica").
3243:Royaume de Sardaigne
3205:Notes and references
2918:Judicate of Cagliari
2904:after 1324 when the
2707:Royal Sardinian Navy
2644:State and war flag (
2280:Austro-Sardinian War
2051:Charles Emmanuel III
1773:marquess of Oristano
1543:Emperor Frederick II
1470:Judicate of Cagliari
1376:monarchical republic
1058:Sardegna and Corsica
981:Sardinia and Corsica
971:Nuragic civilization
966:Pre-Nuragic Sardinia
896:Second French Empire
604:Became part of Savoy
565:Actual establishment
457:• 1848 (first)
7092:History of Sardinia
7057:Kingdom of Sardinia
7016:Italian nationalism
7011:Italian irredentism
7006:Altare della Patria
6802:Giovanni Arrivabene
6609:Ten Days of Brescia
6562:Revolutions of 1848
6547:Revolutions of 1830
6532:Rimini Proclamation
6470:Kingdom of Sardinia
6391:Free State of Fiume
6339:Kingdom of Sardinia
6082:Neapolitan Republic
6030:Kingdom of Sardinia
6025:Republic of Sassari
5853:Catepanate of Italy
5776:Republic of Cospaia
5599:Duchy of Montferrat
5594:March of Montferrat
5529:County of Guastalla
5429:Exarchate of Africa
5078:Duchy of Montferrat
5047:Kingdom of Sardinia
4655:Tourist attractions
4197:. London: Longman.
3954:, p. 65, De Gruyter
3785:. 20 December 2023.
3128:Kingdom of Sardinia
2496:(union with Aragon)
2393:, so ratifying the
2362:on the mainland to
2257:Italian unification
2227:Italian unification
2156:Battle of Trocadero
2133:Treaty of Stupinigi
2106:Charles Emmanuel IV
2059:Strait of Bonifacio
2021:Treaty of The Hague
2002:Spanish Netherlands
1998:Archduke of Austria
1858:Judicate of Arborea
1819:Judicate of Arborea
1813:state in 1297, its
1722:Alfonso V of Aragon
1337:History of Sardinia
1283:By the time of the
1198:Kingdom of Piedmont
1041:Kingdom of Sardinia
1001:Kingdom of Sardinia
996:Sardinian Judicates
957:History of Sardinia
785:Republic of Sassari
757:Judicate of Arborea
520:Chamber of Deputies
146:–1720 (longest use)
36:Kingdom of Sardinia
6867:Alessandro Manzoni
6857:Francesco Lomonaco
6786:Victor Emmanuel II
6751:Giuseppe Garibaldi
6594:Five Days of Milan
6462:Pre-unitary states
6221:Lucca and Piombino
6098:Malta Protectorate
6062:Duke of San Donato
5816:Republic of Ancona
5738:Republic of Venice
5651:Duchy of Mirandola
5539:Duchy of Guastalla
5377:Duchy of Tridentum
5357:Duchy of Benevento
5324:Barbarian kingdoms
4286:Historical Journal
4232:(Oxford UP, 1971)
3818:on 2 November 2018
2799:aspect ratio 31:76
2705:War Ensign of the
2344:Giuseppe Garibaldi
2263:, allied with the
2246:Victor Emmanuel II
2241:Apennine peninsula
2223:
2208:
2125:Congress of Vienna
2077:
2030:, as the House of
1994:Holy Roman Emperor
1966:
1711:Peter IV of Aragon
1683:Hugh II of Arborea
1679:James II of Aragon
1659:Pope Boniface VIII
1655:
1593:Byzantine imperial
1573:James II of Aragon
1569:Pope Boniface VIII
1531:
1487:, albeit with the
1485:Sardinian language
1420:maritime republics
1367:translatio imperii
1236:Congress of Vienna
1107:James II of Aragon
991:Byzantine Sardinia
591:Spanish reconquest
432:Victor Emmanuel II
7044:
7043:
7031:Southern question
6842:Vincenzo Gioberti
6822:Felice Cavallotti
6721:Massimo d'Azeglio
6674:Law of Guarantees
6416:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6259:
6258:
6226:Massa and Carrara
6111:
6110:
6088:Hospitaller Malta
6047:Kingdom of Naples
6041:Kingdom of Sicily
5972:
5971:
5882:Duchy of Sorrento
5801:Republic of Genoa
5796:Republic of Siena
5791:Republic of Massa
5786:Republic of Lucca
5519:County of Gorizia
5509:Corsican Republic
5490:Holy Roman Empire
5148:
5147:
4988:
4987:
4783:
4782:
4607:Political parties
4270:978-0-8153-0671-9
4226:Mack Smith, Denis
4128:978-0-7190-6996-3
4038:La Nuova Sardegna
3768:978-81-269-0775-5
3697:978-1-64189-259-9
3662:978-0-511-84569-7
3599:978-1-315-83683-6
3529:978-1-341-37795-2
3498:978-3-643-99894-1
3249:Rennu de Sardigna
3237:Regno di Sardegna
2954:Battle of Sanluri
2950:Arborean Judicate
2459:Eventually, King
2314:On 5 March 1860,
2175:, was enacted in
2172:Statuto Albertino
2144:Victor Emmanuel I
2117:Republic of Genoa
2110:Battle of Marengo
2063:Republic of Genoa
2017:Victor Amadeus II
2006:Kingdom of Naples
1984:and parts of the
1974:Treaty of Utrecht
1881:Battle of Sanluri
1877:Brancaleone Doria
1835:Republic of Genoa
1777:Battle of Macomer
1746:Castillo Aragonés
1539:Enzio of Sardinia
1408:Mujāhid al-ʿĀmirī
1321:legal predecessor
1277:Statuto Albertino
1270:analogous to the
1244:Republic of Genoa
1242:, taken from the
1232:Napoleonic France
1215:, the capital of
1194:Piedmont–Sardinia
1150:Victor Amadeus II
1085:Council of Aragon
1062:Piedmont–Sardinia
1037:
1036:
942:
941:
912:
911:
908:
907:
874:
873:
827:Republic of Genoa
799:Holy Roman Empire
707:Piedmontese scudo
552:Papal investiture
379:Absolute monarchy
355:
347:Roman Catholicism
97:Regno di Sardegna
83:Rennu de Sardigna
55:Regne de Sardenya
7124:
7112:Christian states
7107:Island countries
7097:Former countries
6852:Giacomo Leopardi
6832:Giuseppe Ferrari
6766:Bettino Ricasoli
6761:Giuseppe Mazzini
6746:Francesco Crispi
6726:Agostino Bertani
6700:Cockade of Italy
6684:Impresa di Fiume
6614:Belfiore martyrs
6599:Sortie on Mestre
6517:
6443:
6436:
6429:
6420:
6419:
6377:Kingdom of Italy
6364:
6363:
6130:
6129:
5959:County of Sicily
5954:County of Aversa
5877:Byzantine Sicily
5863:Theme of Lucania
5833:
5832:
5811:Republic of Pisa
5806:Republic of Noli
5676:Duchy of Spoleto
5646:Duchy of Merania
5544:Kingdom of Italy
5470:Duchy of Ferrara
5415:Duchy of Perugia
5394:Byzantine Empire
5372:Duchy of Spoleto
5339:Ostrogothic rule
5321:
5320:
5189:Pre-Roman period
5175:
5168:
5161:
5152:
5151:
5143:
5129:
5118:
5108:
5097:
5087:
5076:
5066:
5055:
5045:
5032:
5015:
5008:
5001:
4992:
4991:
4978:
4968:
4958:
4948:
4938:
4922:
4908:
4898:
4888:
4878:
4868:
4858:
4848:
4838:
4821:Spanish monarchy
4810:
4803:
4796:
4787:
4786:
4731:Corso-Sardinian
4532:
4472:
4471:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4437:
4436:
4328:
4317:
4274:
4255:
4211:Luttwak Edward,
4208:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4112:
4106:
4097:
4091:
4084:
4078:
4075:
4069:
4066:
4060:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4030:
4024:
4012:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3961:
3955:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3933:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3898:
3892:
3889:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3844:
3838:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3817:
3806:
3797:
3791:
3786:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3727:
3721:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3575:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3381:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3293:
3286:
3269:
3267:
3262:
3260:Regn ëd Sardëgna
3256:
3251:
3245:
3239:
3233:
3227:
3225:Regnum Sardiniae
3220:
3164:
3144:
3135:
3124:
3117:
3093:
3084:
3075:
3069:
3062:
3048:
3039:
3022:
3013:
3007:
3000:
2988:
2965:
2945:
2933:
2897:
2857:
2837:
2809:
2790:
2774:
2758:
2740:
2722:
2702:
2690:
2687:
2678:
2657:
2641:
2625:
2605:
2590:
2569:
2553:
2537:
2521:
2505:
2487:
2469:Kingdom of Italy
2465:Italian tricolor
2446:Knights of Malta
2428:Flag of Sardinia
2186:Marshal Radetzky
2000:), received the
1921:Habsburg dynasty
1903:Spanish Sardinia
1823:Republic of Pisa
1750:Aragonese Castle
1673:that would be a
1577:Treaty of Anagni
1372:Byzantine Empire
1325:Italian Republic
1303:(1866), and the
1264:Canton of Geneva
1250:'s accession to
1204:had always been
1113:and established
1104:
1029:
1022:
1015:
951:
944:
943:
904:
903:
890:
889:
882:Kingdom of Italy
878:
877:
865:
864:
851:
850:
837:
836:
823:
822:
809:
808:
795:
794:
781:
780:
771:Republic of Pisa
767:
766:
753:
752:
746:
745:
730:
729:
504:Subalpine Senate
349:
214:
172:Savoyard Periods
170:
157:
145:
142:
132:
125:
107:
99:
93:
85:
79:
71:
69:Reino de Cerdeña
65:
57:
51:
43:
32:
31:
7132:
7131:
7127:
7126:
7125:
7123:
7122:
7121:
7047:
7046:
7045:
7040:
6994:
6973:
6937:
6901:
6892:Antonio Rosmini
6862:Goffredo Mameli
6812:Giosuè Carducci
6790:
6781:Ruggero Settimo
6709:
6688:
6669:Capture of Rome
6518:
6509:
6456:
6447:
6417:
6408:
6362:
6265:
6264:Post-Napoleonic
6255:
6189:
6125:
6119:
6107:
6049:
6045:
6044:(1130–1816) and
6043:
6035:
5980:
5968:
5935:
5909:
5900:Emirate of Bari
5886:
5873:Theme of Sicily
5868:Duchy of Naples
5843:Duchy of Amalfi
5828:
5820:
5768:
5767:Other Republics
5762:
5740:
5732:
5726:County of Tenda
5706:County of Savoy
5666:Duchy of Reggio
5636:Duchy of Mantua
5564:March of Friuli
5496:
5494:
5492:
5484:
5480:Duchy of Urbino
5465:Duchy of Castro
5442:
5434:
5388:
5382:Duchy of Tuscia
5362:Duchy of Friuli
5325:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5306:
5285:(753 BC–509 BC)
5269:
5184:
5179:
5149:
5144:
5135:
5122:
5101:
5080:
5059:
5033:
5019:
4989:
4984:
4980:Río de la Plata
4923:
4914:
4823:
4814:
4784:
4779:
4770:
4696:
4616:
4583:
4533:
4524:
4476:
4466:
4464:
4339:
4314:
4288:(2012): 45–73.
4271:
4252:
4205:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4163:
4161:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4113:
4109:
4098:
4094:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4072:
4067:
4063:
4057:
4053:
4043:
4041:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4013:
4009:
3999:
3997:
3994:www.treccani.it
3988:
3987:
3983:
3973:
3971:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3936:
3927:
3923:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3904:
3899:
3895:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3876:
3870:
3866:
3856:
3854:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3835:
3831:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3804:
3798:
3794:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3769:
3753:
3749:
3739:
3737:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3715:
3711:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3680:
3676:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3645:
3641:
3631:
3629:
3618:
3614:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3577:
3576:
3569:
3559:
3557:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3514:
3510:
3499:
3485:
3481:
3471:
3469:
3467:Limba Sarda 2.0
3461:
3460:
3456:
3448:
3444:
3436:
3432:
3424:
3420:
3412:
3408:
3398:
3396:
3383:
3382:
3375:
3365:
3363:
3350:
3349:
3342:
3332:
3330:
3321:
3320:
3316:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3246:, in Sardinian
3221:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3175:
3168:
3165:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3142:
3140:
3133:
3131:
3122:
3118:
3109:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3089:
3082:
3080:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3046:
3044:
3037:
3035:
3020:
3018:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2992:
2989:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2957:
2946:
2937:
2934:
2925:
2912:territories of
2898:
2889:
2884:
2869:
2858:
2849:
2838:
2829:Royal Standards
2824:
2816:), the Italian
2810:
2801:
2791:
2782:
2775:
2766:
2759:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2714:
2703:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2665:
2658:
2649:
2642:
2633:
2626:
2617:
2606:
2597:
2591:
2577:
2570:
2561:
2554:
2545:
2538:
2529:
2522:
2513:
2506:
2497:
2495:
2488:
2430:
2424:
2387:
2333:Treaty of Turin
2312:
2229:
2198:
2086:First Coalition
2082:
1958:
1950:Main articles:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1935:Savoyard period
1925:Barbary pirates
1909:Crown of Aragon
1905:
1803:
1789:
1769:Leonardo Alagon
1663:Houses of Anjou
1647:
1642:
1636:
1589:Angevin dynasty
1554:Crown of Aragon
1472:(the so-called
1406:, commanded by
1343:
1335:Main articles:
1333:
1174:composite state
1078:Southern Europe
1066:composite state
1033:
986:Vandal Sardinia
938:
901:
887:
862:
855:Crown of Aragon
848:
834:
820:
806:
792:
778:
764:
750:
724:
701:Sardinian scudo
676:
653:
640:
619:
606:
593:
580:
578:Became Habsburg
567:
554:
516:
500:
470:
458:
428:
416:
395:
391:
381:
314:
310:
293:
282:
278:
271:
257:
234:Crown of Aragon
221:
205:
203:
187:(Motto for the
186:
175:
174:
173:
171:
163:
158:
150:
149:
147:
143:
133:
126:
108:
101:
94:
87:
80:
73:
66:
59:
52:
45:
41:Regnum Sardiniæ
37:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7130:
7120:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7002:
7000:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6992:
6987:
6981:
6979:
6975:
6974:
6972:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6945:
6943:
6939:
6938:
6936:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6909:
6907:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6882:Carlo Pisacane
6879:
6877:Silvio Pellico
6874:
6872:Ippolito Nievo
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6827:Vincenzo Cuoco
6824:
6819:
6817:Carlo Cattaneo
6814:
6809:
6804:
6798:
6796:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6717:
6715:
6711:
6710:
6708:
6707:
6702:
6696:
6694:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6659:Roman Question
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6580:
6579:
6577:Roman Republic
6574:
6569:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6528:
6526:
6520:
6519:
6512:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6502:
6500:Duchy of Parma
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6474:House of Savoy
6466:
6464:
6458:
6457:
6446:
6445:
6438:
6431:
6423:
6414:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6407:
6406:
6400:
6394:
6388:
6387:
6386:
6383:Italian Empire
6373:
6371:
6361:
6360:
6354:
6348:
6342:
6336:
6330:
6327:Roman Republic
6324:
6318:
6312:
6306:
6300:
6294:
6288:
6282:
6279:Duchy of Lucca
6276:
6273:Duchy of Genoa
6269:
6267:
6261:
6260:
6257:
6256:
6254:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6197:
6195:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6136:
6134:
6127:
6113:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6053:
6051:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6033:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6016:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5984:
5982:
5974:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5945:
5943:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5907:
5902:
5896:
5894:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5884:
5879:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5848:Duchy of Gaeta
5845:
5839:
5837:
5830:
5826:Southern Italy
5822:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5772:
5770:
5769:(c. 1000–1797)
5764:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5744:
5742:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5723:
5721:County of Nice
5718:
5716:Duchy of Aosta
5713:
5708:
5703:
5696:Savoyard state
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5631:Duchy of Milan
5628:
5626:Duchy of Ivrea
5623:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5500:
5498:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5446:
5444:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5418:
5412:
5399:
5397:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5367:Duchy of Ivrea
5364:
5359:
5348:
5342:
5336:
5333:Odoacer's rule
5329:
5327:
5318:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5298:
5297:(27 BC–395 AD)
5292:
5291:(509 BC–27 BC)
5289:Roman Republic
5286:
5279:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5228:Cisalpine Gaul
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5192:
5190:
5186:
5185:
5178:
5177:
5170:
5163:
5155:
5146:
5145:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5131:County of Nice
5123:
5112:
5102:
5091:
5089:Duchy of Genoa
5081:
5070:
5068:Duchy of Aosta
5060:
5057:Duchy of Savoy
5049:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5026:House of Savoy
5018:
5017:
5010:
5003:
4995:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4972:
4962:
4952:
4942:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4924:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4902:
4892:
4882:
4872:
4862:
4852:
4842:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4813:
4812:
4805:
4798:
4790:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4635:
4630:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4593:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4543:
4541:
4535:
4534:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4518:South Sardinia
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4490:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4463:
4462:
4455:
4448:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4398:
4388:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4356:
4353:
4343:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4318:
4312:
4299:
4292:
4282:
4275:
4269:
4256:
4250:
4237:
4223:
4209:
4203:
4190:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4141:
4127:
4107:
4092:
4079:
4070:
4061:
4051:
4025:
4007:
3981:
3956:
3943:
3934:
3921:
3912:
3902:
3893:
3884:
3874:
3864:
3839:
3829:
3792:
3774:
3767:
3747:
3722:
3709:
3696:
3674:
3661:
3639:
3626:FranceArchives
3620:Lucien, Bély.
3612:
3598:
3567:
3542:
3528:
3508:
3497:
3479:
3454:
3442:
3430:
3418:
3406:
3373:
3340:
3314:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3189:Spanish Empire
3186:
3181:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3159:
3157:
3141:
3132:
3121:
3119:
3112:
3110:
3090:
3081:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3057:
3055:
3045:
3036:
3023: Duchies
3019:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2958:
2947:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2928:
2926:
2908:conquered the
2899:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2871:
2870:
2860:Crown Prince (
2859:
2852:
2850:
2839:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2811:
2804:
2802:
2792:
2785:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2751:
2742:
2735:
2733:
2724:
2717:
2715:
2704:
2697:
2695:
2680:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2618:
2607:
2600:
2598:
2592:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2498:
2489:
2482:
2480:
2461:Charles Albert
2434:Duchy of Savoy
2426:Main article:
2423:
2420:
2408:House of Savoy
2386:
2383:
2311:
2308:
2265:Ottoman Empire
2225:Main article:
2197:
2194:
2181:Perfect fusion
2152:Charles Albert
2150:(1821–31) and
2081:
2078:
2049:In 1767–1769,
1986:Duchy of Milan
1947:
1944:
1939:Main article:
1936:
1933:
1929:Ottoman Empire
1904:
1901:
1893:Castelgenovese
1805:Although the "
1788:
1785:
1738:Castelgenovese
1646:
1643:
1638:Main article:
1635:
1632:
1550:King of Aragon
1516:Italian states
1489:Greek alphabet
1410:(Latinized as
1332:
1329:
1225:Perfect Fusion
1170:County of Nice
1131:Spanish Empire
1072:period, was a
1035:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
960:
959:
953:
952:
940:
939:
937:
936:
931:
926:
920:
918:
914:
913:
910:
909:
906:
905:
898:
892:
891:
884:
875:
872:
871:
866:
858:
857:
852:
844:
843:
841:Duchy of Genoa
838:
830:
829:
824:
816:
815:
813:Duchy of Savoy
810:
802:
801:
796:
788:
787:
782:
774:
773:
768:
760:
759:
754:
742:
741:
736:
726:
725:
723:
722:
719:Sardinian lira
716:
710:
704:
698:
691:
689:
685:
684:
681:
680:
677:
674:
671:
670:
667:
666:
662:
661:
658:
657:
654:
648:
645:
644:
641:
627:
624:
623:
620:
617:Perfect fusion
614:
611:
610:
607:
601:
598:
597:
594:
588:
585:
584:
581:
575:
572:
571:
568:
562:
559:
558:
555:
549:
546:
545:
542:
541:
528:
527:Historical era
524:
523:
517:
511:
508:
507:
501:
495:
492:
491:
485:
481:
480:
477:
476:
471:
468:
465:
464:
459:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
445:
443:Prime Minister
439:
438:
435:
434:
429:
426:
423:
422:
417:
414:
411:
410:
407:
406:
403:
397:
396:
394:
393:
383:
375:
373:
369:
368:
363:
357:
356:
344:
340:
339:
288:
284:
283:
281:
280:
273:
265:
263:
259:
258:
256:
255:
248:
241:
238:Spanish Empire
229:
227:
223:
222:
220:in light green
215:
207:
206:
193:
192:
189:House of Savoy
177:
176:
165:
159:
152:
151:
134:
127:
120:
119:
118:
115:
114:
110:
109:
38:
35:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7129:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7003:
7001:
6997:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6982:
6980:
6978:National days
6976:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6940:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6910:
6908:
6904:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6799:
6797:
6793:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6771:Aurelio Saffi
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
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6756:Daniele Manin
6754:
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6736:Celso Ceretti
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6705:Flag of Italy
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6557:Neo-Guelphism
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6067:Duchy of Sora
6065:
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6060:
6058:
6055:
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6048:
6042:
6038:
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6028:
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5905:Muslim Sicily
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5409:Duchy of Rome
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5283:Roman Kingdom
5281:
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4309:
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2681:Merchant Flag
2677:
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2479:Coats of arms
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2474:
2473:flag of Italy
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2160:Ferdinand VII
2157:
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2148:Charles Felix
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2029:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
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1971:
1962:
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1560:from that of
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1479:
1476:), issued by
1475:
1474:Carta Volgare
1471:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1448:
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1432:Benedict VIII
1429:
1425:
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1409:
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1397:
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1379:
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1369:
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1362:
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1356:
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1331:Early history
1328:
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1146:Duke of Savoy
1143:
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656:17 March 1861
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621:
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475:
474:Camillo Benso
472:
466:
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460:
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444:
440:
436:
433:
430:
424:
421:
418:
412:
408:
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402:
398:
390:
387:
386:Parliamentary
384:
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364:
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84:
77:
70:
63:
56:
49:
42:
33:
28:
24:
19:
6913:Pope Pius IX
6807:Cesare Balbo
6714:Main leaders
6584:Quadrilatero
6490:Papal States
6452:Risorgimento
6451:
6379:(1861–1946)
6357:Papal States
6185:Transpadania
5758:Stato da Màr
5440:Papal States
5351:Lombard rule
5315:Early Modern
5303:(395–476 AD)
5295:Roman Empire
5275:Ancient Rome
4561:
4323:
4303:
4295:
4285:
4278:
4260:
4241:
4229:
4212:
4194:
4183:
4177:Bibliography
4162:. Retrieved
4151:
4144:
4132:. Retrieved
4117:
4110:
4101:
4095:
4087:
4082:
4073:
4064:
4054:
4042:. Retrieved
4037:
4028:
4016:
4010:
3998:. Retrieved
3996:(in Italian)
3993:
3984:
3972:. Retrieved
3968:
3959:
3951:
3946:
3937:
3929:
3928:R. Coroneo,
3924:
3915:
3905:
3896:
3887:
3877:
3867:
3855:. Retrieved
3851:
3842:
3832:
3820:. Retrieved
3813:the original
3808:
3795:
3777:
3757:
3750:
3738:. Retrieved
3735:www.ohio.edu
3734:
3725:
3717:
3712:
3701:, retrieved
3687:
3677:
3666:, retrieved
3652:
3642:
3630:. Retrieved
3625:
3615:
3603:. Retrieved
3580:
3558:. Retrieved
3555:www.ohio.edu
3554:
3545:
3533:. Retrieved
3518:
3511:
3502:
3488:
3482:
3470:. Retrieved
3466:
3457:
3449:
3445:
3437:
3433:
3425:
3421:
3413:
3409:
3397:. Retrieved
3386:
3364:. Retrieved
3353:
3331:. Retrieved
3329:(in Italian)
3324:
3317:
3309:Rex Corsicae
3303:
3284:
3240:, in French
3218:
3147:Papal States
3126:
3087:Papal States
3042:Papal States
2874:
2873:
2872:
2865:
2861:
2845:
2841:
2822:inescutcheon
2813:
2798:
2794:
2778:
2762:
2746:
2728:
2710:
2684:
2661:
2645:
2629:
2613:
2609:
2594:
2573:
2557:
2541:
2525:
2510:16th century
2509:
2490:
2458:
2450:naval ensign
2431:
2388:
2376:
2341:
2313:
2300:
2284:Napoleon III
2273:
2250:
2230:
2170:
2168:
2141:
2121:buffer state
2114:
2088:against the
2083:
2053:annexed the
2048:
2027:
2025:
2010:
1967:
1906:
1892:
1888:
1874:
1855:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1737:
1733:
1719:
1703:
1698:
1670:
1656:
1628:Latin Church
1617:
1612:
1566:
1547:
1532:
1493:
1473:
1465:
1459:
1439:Great Schism
1436:
1411:
1400:Porto Torres
1380:
1365:
1363:
1351:Roman Empire
1344:
1315:and then to
1305:Papal States
1297:Two Sicilies
1291:(1859), the
1282:
1275:
1268:act of Union
1258:transferred
1246:. Following
1229:
1220:
1205:
1202:its viceroys
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1135:
1118:
1114:
1082:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1000:
739:Succeeded by
738:
733:
713:French franc
675:• 1821
535:Early modern
462:Cesare Balbo
311:
290:
218:client state
196:
181:Motto:
180:
161:Coat of arms
18:
6837:Ugo Foscolo
6619:Crimean War
6552:Young Italy
6405:(1947–1954)
6399:(1943–1945)
6393:(1920–1924)
6385:(1882–1960)
6369:unification
6359:(1814–1870)
6353:(1815–1866)
6347:(1816–1861)
6341:(1814–1860)
6335:(1859–1860)
6329:(1849–1850)
6323:(1848–1849)
6305:(1815–1859)
6299:(1814–1859)
6293:(1814–1859)
6287:(1814–1829)
6281:(1815–1847)
6275:(1815–1848)
6165:Parthenopea
6126:(1792–1815)
6084:(1647–1648)
6050:(1282–1816)
6032:(1324–1861)
5993:Agugliastra
5858:Longobardia
5495:independent
5345:Vandal rule
4950:New Granada
4725:Campidanese
4612:Nationalism
4547:Nuragic era
3628:(in French)
3472:28 November
2689: 1799
2670:Other Flags
2582:State Flags
2492:Middle Ages
2395:annexations
2322:, Tuscany,
2261:Crimean War
2237:city-states
2146:(1802–21),
2011:During the
1889:Casteldoria
1885:Castelsardo
1862:Marianus IV
1734:Casteldoria
1730:Castelsardo
1285:Crimean War
1252:Switzerland
1068:during the
734:Preceded by
539:Late modern
531:Middle Ages
522:(from 1848)
514:Lower house
506:(from 1848)
498:Upper house
490:(from 1848)
484:Legislature
392:(1849–1861)
382:(1324–1849)
325:Piedmontese
254:(1720–1861)
247:(1708–1717)
144: 1324
7051:Categories
7036:Third Rome
6236:Pontecorvo
6194:Monarchies
6180:Subalpinia
6145:Cispadania
6140:Cisalpinia
6122:Napoleonic
5829:(774–1139)
5741:(697–1797)
5443:(754–1870)
5405:(584–751)
5353:(568–774)
4777:Categories
4764:Tabarchino
4720:Logudorese
4670:Sardinians
4396:8884677882
4367:8871380843
4337:In Italian
3740:19 January
3668:19 January
3605:19 January
3560:19 January
3333:31 January
3151:After the
2875:References
2743:War Ensign
2416:referendum
1990:Charles VI
1919:under the
1907:Under the
1620:Ghibelline
1437:After the
1184:as either
1180:", and it
1045:Kingdom of
695:Cagliarese
665:Population
488:Parliament
372:Government
361:Demonym(s)
7021:Redshirts
6906:Opponents
6537:Carbonari
6211:Guastalla
6201:Benevento
6133:Republics
5988:Judicates
5836:Byzantine
5493:and other
5431:(585–698)
5423:(554–752)
5417:(554–752)
5411:(533–751)
5396:(584–751)
5347:(435–534)
5341:(493–553)
5335:(476–493)
5326:(476–774)
5260:Iapygians
4960:New Spain
4940:Columbian
4850:Catalonia
4752:Algherese
4740:Sassarese
4735:Gallurese
4715:Sardinian
4702:Languages
4680:Corsicans
4557:Judicates
4493:Provinces
4021:Sardinian
4017:Juighissa
3703:29 August
3632:29 August
3210:Footnotes
2906:Aragonese
2866:1861–1880
2862:1848–1861
2846:1861–1880
2842:1848–1861
2818:tricolore
2814:1851–1861
2795:1816–1848
2779:1816–1848
2763:1814–1816
2747:1802–1814
2729:1802–1814
2711:1785–1802
2662:1851–1861
2646:1848–1851
2630:1816–1848
2610:1720-1848
2574:1848–1861
2558:1831–1848
2542:1815–1831
2526:1720–1815
2436:acquired
2432:When the
2342:In 1860,
2296:Solferino
2219:Garibaldi
2061:from the
2040:Jerusalem
1980:received
1972:. By the
1765:feudalism
1720:In 1420,
1704:In 1353,
1657:In 1297,
1615:. 1133).
1587:, to the
1528:Charles V
1457:, 1261).
1416:Judicates
1404:Balearics
1176:was the "
1154:Savoyards
721:(1816–61)
715:(1800–14)
709:(to 1816)
703:(to 1816)
697:(to 1813)
679:3,974,500
366:Sardinian
343:Religion
295:Sardinian
113:1297—1861
90:Sardinian
6524:Timeline
6170:Piedmont
6020:Oristano
6013:Logudoro
6003:Cagliari
5978:Sardinia
5711:Piedmont
5460:Holy See
5311:Medieval
5265:Picentes
5208:Samnites
4910:Valencia
4890:Sardinia
4880:Portugal
4817:Viceroys
4759:Ligurian
4685:Italians
4675:Catalans
4589:Politics
4574:Monarchs
4567:Viceroys
4508:Oristano
4498:Cagliari
4488:Communes
4474:Sardinia
4158:Archived
4044:2 August
4000:2 August
3974:2 August
3857:2 August
3822:19 March
3393:Archived
3360:Archived
3173:See also
2914:Sardinia
2902:Sardinia
2412:republic
2400:Florence
2316:Piacenza
2303:Lombardy
2094:Napoleon
1988:, while
1866:Cagliari
1847:Republic
1839:Logudoro
1827:Cagliari
1815:de facto
1761:signorie
1757:communes
1687:Cagliari
1508:Logudoro
1496:Cagliari
1449:, 1182,
1392:Oristano
1383:Saracens
1347:province
1313:Florence
1299:(1860),
1295:and the
1289:Lombardy
1221:de facto
1209:Cagliari
1190:Piedmont
1186:Sardinia
1168:and the
1166:Piedmont
1138:Habsburg
1115:de facto
1093:Sardinia
1070:Savoyard
1053:Piedmont
1049:Sardinia
688:Currency
420:James II
352:official
329:Ligurian
299:Corsican
269:Cagliari
243:Part of
236:and the
6942:Museums
6693:Symbols
6251:Corsica
6241:Tuscany
6206:Etruria
6155:Liguria
6008:Gallura
5998:Arborea
5914:Lombard
5614:Tuscany
5604:Trieste
5240:Ligures
5201:Etruria
5024:of the
4870:Navarre
4819:of the
4747:Catalan
4710:Italian
4628:Cuisine
4621:Culture
4562:Kingdom
4539:History
4513:Sassari
4134:3 March
3872:Sassari
3296:Genoese
3106:Romagna
3033:Tuscany
2956:(1409).
2952:in the
2922:Gallura
2368:Palermo
2364:Messina
2356:Abruzzo
2348:toppled
2328:Romagna
2292:Magenta
2276:Austria
2269:Britain
2239:on the
2233:duchies
2188:at the
2102:Joubert
2057:in the
2044:Ottoman
1913:Viceroy
1870:Alghero
1851:Sassari
1843:Alghero
1831:Gallura
1811:de jure
1715:viceroy
1706:Arborea
1695:Sassari
1691:Gallura
1609:Corsica
1504:Gallura
1500:Arborea
1482:Romance
1466:judices
1462:Archons
1443:Normans
1430:. Pope
1396:Caralis
1388:Tharros
1355:Vandals
1349:of the
1301:Venetia
1260:Carouge
1240:Liguria
1206:de jure
1142:Bourbon
1127:Castile
1119:de jure
1089:Corsica
1074:country
649:•
628:•
615:•
602:•
589:•
576:•
563:•
550:•
512:•
496:•
337:Arpitan
333:Occitan
317:Italian
307:Spanish
303:Catalan
262:Capital
245:Austria
197:Anthem:
104:Italian
76:Spanish
62:Catalan
6317:(1848)
6311:(1831)
6266:states
6231:Naples
5941:Norman
5748:Dogado
5619:Verona
5584:Mantua
5579:Istria
5559:Finale
5549:Ancona
5497:states
5317:states
5235:Veneti
5213:Latins
5022:States
4900:Sicily
4860:Naples
4840:Aragon
4828:Europe
4665:People
4643:Anthem
4579:Mining
4420:
4404:
4394:
4384:
4365:
4349:
4310:
4290:online
4267:
4248:
4234:online
4219:
4201:
4188:online
4164:31 May
4125:
3932:, 2000
3765:
3694:
3659:
3596:
3535:11 May
3526:
3495:
3399:31 May
3366:31 May
3145:
3143:
3136:
3134:
3125:
3123:
3120:1861:
3094:
3092:
3085:
3083:
3076:
3074:
3068:
3065:1860:
3049:
3047:
3040:
3038:
3029:Modena
3021:
3014:
3012:
3006:
3003:1859:
2402:. But
2360:Naples
2326:, and
2324:Modena
2278:, the
2217:meets
2046:rule.
2036:Cyprus
2004:, the
1982:Sicily
1799:, and
1667:Aragon
1605:Anagni
1581:Sicily
1512:papacy
1412:Museto
1254:, the
1248:Geneva
1152:. The
1117:their
1097:papacy
934:Monaco
929:France
447:
405:
321:French
226:Status
199:
100:
86:
72:
58:
44:
6999:Other
6367:Post-
6216:Italy
6160:Lucca
6150:Italy
5701:Savoy
5609:Turin
5589:Milan
5574:Ivrea
5250:Umbri
5223:Celts
4638:Music
4503:Nuoro
3816:(PDF)
3805:(PDF)
3276:Notes
3228:, or
3025:Parma
2910:Pisan
2691:–1802
2372:Gaeta
2320:Parma
2129:Savoy
2032:Savoy
1992:(the
1978:Savoy
1917:Spain
1897:Doria
1742:Doria
1601:Genoa
1428:Genoa
1217:Savoy
1213:Turin
1162:Aosta
1158:Savoy
1064:as a
924:Italy
634:Savoy
315:Also
276:Turin
252:Savoy
135:Top:
48:Latin
6246:Elba
6175:Rome
6124:eras
6120:and
6093:Gozo
5892:Arab
5875:and
5554:Ceva
5218:Osci
4970:Peru
4633:Flag
4418:ISBN
4402:ISBN
4392:ISBN
4382:ISBN
4363:ISBN
4347:ISBN
4308:ISBN
4265:ISBN
4246:ISBN
4217:ISBN
4199:ISBN
4166:2019
4136:2014
4123:ISBN
4059:2010
4046:2021
4002:2021
3976:2021
3882:2010
3859:2021
3824:2013
3763:ISBN
3742:2023
3705:2024
3692:ISBN
3670:2023
3657:ISBN
3634:2024
3607:2023
3594:ISBN
3562:2023
3537:2022
3524:ISBN
3504:one.
3493:ISBN
3474:2015
3401:2019
3368:2019
3335:2023
2991:1796
2920:and
2882:Maps
2595:1568
2454:FERT
2379:Nice
2366:and
2358:and
2350:the
2294:and
2235:and
2038:and
1996:and
1954:and
1868:and
1856:The
1829:and
1759:and
1689:and
1675:fief
1665:and
1599:and
1597:Pisa
1537:and
1506:and
1426:and
1424:Pisa
1374:, a
1339:and
1317:Rome
1160:and
1140:and
1091:and
1039:The
643:1860
638:Nice
636:and
630:Loss
622:1848
609:1720
596:1717
583:1708
570:1324
557:1297
401:King
335:and
305:and
184:FERT
137:Flag
5313:and
4019:in
3586:doi
2414:by
1891:or
1849:of
1752:).
1736:or
1422:of
1076:in
1060:or
632:of
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4036:.
3992:.
3967:.
3850:.
3807:.
3787:,
3733:.
3686:,
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3624:.
3592:.
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2248:.
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6454:)
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