Knowledge

8489:). La Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell'Università di Cagliari, coerentemente con queste premesse con l'istituzione di una Scuola Superiore di Studi Sardi, è pertanto invitata ad assumere l'iniziativa di proporre alle autorità politiche della Regione Autonoma e dello Stato il riconoscimento della condizione di minoranza etnico-linguistica per la Sardegna e della lingua sarda come lingua <<nazionale>> della minoranza. È di conseguenza opportuno che si predispongano tutti i provvedimenti a livello scolastico per la difesa e conservazione dei valori tradizionali della lingua e della cultura sarda e, in questo contesto, di tutti i dialetti e le tradizioni culturali presenti in Sardegna (ci si intende riferire al Gallurese, al Sassarese, all'Algherese e al Ligure-Carlofortino). In ogni caso tali provvedimenti dovranno comprendere necessariamente, ai livelli minimi dell'istruzione, la partenza dell'insegnamento del sardo e dei vari dialetti parlati in Sardegna, l'insegnamento nella scuola dell'obbligo riservato ai Sardi o coloro che dimostrino un'adeguata conoscenza del sardo, o tutti quegli altri provvedimenti atti a garantire la conservazione dei valori tradizionali della cultura sarda. È bene osservare come, nel quadro della diffusa tendenza a livello internazionale per la difesa delle lingue delle minoranze minacciate, provvedimenti simili a quelli proposti sono presi in Svizzera per la minoranza ladina fin dal 1938 (48000 persone), in Inghilterra per il Galles, in Italia per le minoranze valdostana, slovena e ultimamente ladina (15000 persone), oltre che per quella tedesca; a proposito di queste ultime e specificamente in relazione al nuovo ordinamento scolastico alto-atesino. Il presidente del Consiglio on. Colombo, nel raccomandare ala Camera le modifiche da apportare allo Statuto della Regione Trentino-Alto Adige (il cosiddetto "pacchetto"), <<modifiche che non-escono dal concetto di autonomia indicato dalla Costituzione>>, ha ritenuto di dover sottolineare l'opportunità "che i giovani siano istruiti nella propria lingua materna da insegnanti appartenenti allo stesso gruppo linguistico"; egli inoltre aggiungeva che "solo eliminando ogni motivo di rivendicazione si crea il necessario presupposto per consentire alla scuola di svolgere la sua funzione fondamentale in un clima propizio per la migliore formazione degli allievi". Queste chiare parole del presidente del Consiglio ci consentono di credere che non-si voglia compiere una discriminazione nei confronti della minoranza sarda, ma anche per essa valga il principio enunciato dall'opportunità dell'insegnamento della lingua materna ad opera di insegnanti appartenenti allo stesso gruppo linguistico, onde consentire alla scuola di svolgere anche in Sardegna la sua funzione fondamentale in un clima propizio alla migliore formazione per gli allievi. Si chiarisce che tutto ciò non è sciovinismo né rinuncia a una cultura irrinunciabile, ma una civile e motivata iniziativa per realizzare in Sardegna una vera scuola, una vera rinascita, "in un rapporto di competizione culturale con lo stato (...) che arricchisce la Nazione" (Lilliu)". Il Consiglio unanime approva le istanze proposte dal prof. Sanna e invita le competenti autorità politiche a promuovere tutte le iniziative necessarie, sul piano sia scolastico che politico-economico, a sviluppare coerentemente tali principi, nel contempo acquisendo dati atti a mettere in luce il suesposto stato. Cagliari, 19 Febbraio 1971. 3089:, noted as a testament of the French-inspired democratic and patriotic values, as well as Sardinia's situation under feudalism. As for the reactions that the three-year Sardinian revolutionary period aroused in the island's ruling class, who were now in the process of Italianisation, for Sotgiu "its failure was complete: undecided between a breathless municipalism and a dead-end attachment to the Crown, it did not have the courage to lead the revolutionary wave coming from the countryside". In fact, although pamphlets such as "the Achilles of Sardinian Liberation" circulated, denouncing the backwardness of an oppressive feudal system and a Ministry that was said to have "always been the enemy of the Sardinian Nation", and the "social pact between the Sovereign and the Nation" was declared to have been broken, there was no radical change in the form of government: therefore, it is not surprising, according to Sotgiu, that although "the call for the Sardinian nation, its traditions and identity became stronger and stronger, even to the point of requesting the creation of a stable military force of "Sardinian nationals only"", the concrete hypothesis of abolishing the monarchical and feudal regimes did not "make its way into the consciousness of many". The only result was therefore "the defeat of the peasant class emerging from the very core of feudal society, urged on by the masses of peasants and led by the most advanced forces of the Sardinian bourgeoisie" and, conversely, the victory of the feudal barons and "of large strata of the town bourgeoisie that had developed within the framework of the feudal order and feared that the abolition of feudalism and the proclamation of the Republic might simultaneously destroy the very basis of their own wealth and prestige". 8333:"In this Roman Court, having come into possession of a book in Italian, a new edition I have translated it into Sardinian to give news of it to the devotees of my homeland who are eager to know these legends. I have translated them into Sardinian, rather than into another language, out of love for the people who did not need an interpreter to enunciate them, and also because the Sardinian language is noble by virtue of its participation in Latinity, since no language spoken is as close to classical Latin as Sardinian. Since, if the Italian language is much appreciated, and if among all the vernacular languages is in first place for having much followed in the footsteps of Latin, no less should the Sardinian language be appreciated considering that it is not only a relative of Latin, but is largely straightforward Latin. And even if this were not so, it is sufficient reason to write in Sardinian to see that all nations write and print books in their natural language, boasting of having history and moral subjects written in the vernacular, so that all may benefit from them. And since the Sardinian Latin language is as clear and intelligible (when written, and pronounced as it should be), if not even more so, than the vulgar ones, since the Italians, and Spaniards, and all those who practice Latin in general understand it." Original text: " 8245:("All the monuments of the ancients and all histories have handed down to us the tradition that the nation of the Phoenicians is the most treacherous of all nations. The Poeni, who are descended from them, have proved by many rebellions of the Carthaginians, and very many broken and violated treaties, that they have in no respect degenerated from them. The Sardinians, who are sprung from the Poeni, with an admixture of African blood, were not led into Sardinia as colonists and established there, but are rather a tribe who were draughted off, and put there to get rid of them. Nor indeed, when I speak of the vices of the nation, do I except no one. But I am forced to speak generally of the entire race; in which, perhaps, some individuals by their own civilized habits and natural humanity have got the better of the vices of their family and nation. That the greater part of the nation is destitute of faith, destitute of any community and connection with our name, the facts themselves plainly show. For what province is there besides Sardinia which has not one city in it on friendly terms with the Roman people, not one free city? Africa itself is the parent of Sardinia, which has waged many most bitter wars against our ancestors." Translation by C. D. Yonge, B. A. London. Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Covent Garden. 1856, 8485: 8505:"O sardu, si ses sardu e si ses bonu, / Semper sa limba tua apas presente: / No sias che isciau ubbidiente / Faeddende sa limba 'e su padronu. / Sa nassione chi peldet su donu / De sa limba iscumparit lentamente, / Massimu si che l'essit dae mente / In iscritura che in arrejonu. / Sa limba 'e babbos e de jajos nostros / No l'usades pius nemmancu in domo / Prite pobera e ruza la creides. / Si a iscola no che la jughides / Po la difunder menzus, dae como / Sezis dissardizende a fizos bostros." ("Oh Sardinian! If you are Sardinian and a good Sardinian as well, you should always keep your language etched in your mind: do not be like a submissive slave, speaking your master's language. The nation that loses the gift of its own language is fated to slowly fade out of existence, especially when it does not come to its mind anymore to write and speak. Not even at home is the language of our ancestors used anymore, for you consider it wretched and uncout. If you do not bring it to be taught in school so as to better spread its use, from now on you are going to be stripping the Sardinian identity out of your children.") In 8337: 11854:" speak a peculiar language, Sardinian, and use it to write both in poetry and prose, especially in Logudoro where it has been kept purer, and more elegant and rich. And, since many Spaniards, both Aragonese and Catalan, and Italians immigrated to Sardinia, and keep doing so to trade, Spanish, Catalan and Italian are also spoken; so, all these languages are spoken to a conversational level by a single people. However, those from Cagliari and Alghero usually speak their masters' language, Catalan, whilst the other people retain the genuine language of the Sardinians." Original text: " Loquuntur lingua propria sardoa, tum ritmice, tum soluta oratione, praesertim in Capite Logudorii, ubi purior copiosior, et splendidior est. Et quia Hispani plures Aragonenses et Cathalani et Itali migrarunt in eam, et commerciorum caussa quotidie adventant, loquuntur etiam lingua hispanica et cathalana et italica; hisque omnibus linguis concionatur in uno eodemque populo. Caralitani tamen et Algharenses utuntur suorum maiorum lingua cathalana; alii vero genuinam retinent Sardorum linguam." 13554:"In una sua opera del 1848 egli mostra di considerare la situazione isolana come carica di pericoli e di minacce per il Piemonte e propone di procedere colpendo innanzitutto con decisione la lingua sarda, proibendola cioè "severamente in ogni atto pubblico civile non meno che nelle funzioni ecclesiastiche, tranne le prediche". Baudi di Vesme non si fa illusioni: l'antipiemontesismo non è mai venuto meno nonostante le proteste e le riaffermazioni di fratellanza con i popoli di terraferma; si è vissuti anzi fino a quel momento – aggiunge – non in attesa di una completa unificazione della Sardegna al resto dello Stato ma addirittura di un "rinnovamento del novantaquattro", cioè della storica "emozione popolare" che aveva portato alla cacciata dei Piemontesi. Ma, rimossi gli ostacoli che sul piano politico-istituzionale e soprattutto su quello etnico e linguistico differenziano la Sardegna dal Piemonte, nulla potrà più impedire che l'isola diventi un tutt'uno con gli altri Stati del re e si italianizzi davvero". Federico Francioni, 13519:" Nonetheless, the two works by Spano are of extraordinary importance, as they put on the table in Sardinia the "question of the Sardinian language", the language that should have been the unified and unifying one, to be enforced on the island over its singular dialects; the language of the Sardinian nation, through which the island was keen to project itself onto the other European nations, that already reached or were about to reach their political and cultural actualization in the 1800s, including the Italian nation. And just along the lines of what had been theorized and put into effect in favour of the Italian nation, that was successfully completing the process of linguistic unification by elevating the Florentine dialect to the role of "national language", so in Sardinia the long-desired "Sardinian national language" was given the name of "illustrious Sardinian"." Original: " Ciononostante le due opere dello Spano sono di straordinaria importanza, in quanto aprirono in Sardegna la discussione sul 8972:"Da G. I. Ascoli in poi, tutti i linguisti sono concordi nell'assegnare al sardo un posto particolare fra gl'idiomi neolatini per i varî caratteri che lo distinguono non-solo dai dialetti italiani, ma anche dalle altre lingue della famiglia romanza, e che appaiono tanto nella fonetica, quanto nella morfologia e nel lessico." ("From G. I. Ascoli onwards, all linguists agree in giving Sardinian a special place among the neo-Latin languages because of the various characteristics that distinguish it not only from the Italian dialects, but also from the other languages of the Romance family, and that appear as much in its phonetics as in its morphology and lexicon.") Almagia, Roberto; Cortesi, Fabrizio; Salfi, Mario; Sera, Gioacchino; Taramelli, Antonio; Momigliano, Arnaldo; Ciasca, Raffaele; Bottiglioni, Gino; Garzia, Raffa; Gabriel, Gavino; Brunelli, Enrico; Vardabasso, Silvio (1936). 3096:'s rebellion, whose substantial failure marked therefrom a historic watershed in Sardinia's future, other Sardinian intellectuals, all characterized by an attitude of general devotion to their island as well as proven loyalty to the House of Savoy, posed in fact the question of the Sardinian language, while being careful enough to use only Italian as a language to get their point across. During the 19th century in particular, the Sardinian intellectuality and ruling class found itself divided over the adherence to the Sardinian national values and the allegiance to the new Italian nationality, toward which they eventually leaned in the wake of the abortive Sardinian revolution. The identity crisis of the Sardinian ruling class, and their strive for acceptance into the new citizenship of the Italian identity, would manifest itself with the publication of the so-called 3936:) model, Sardinian would position between 7 ("Shifting: the child-bearing generation knows the language well enough to use it among themselves but none are transmitting it to their children") and 8a ("Moribund: the only remaining active speakers of the language are members of the grandparent generation"). While an estimated 68 percent of the islanders had in fact a good oral command of Sardinian, language ability among the children has plummeted to less than 13 percent; some linguists, like Mauro Maxia, cite the low number of Sardinian-speaking children (with the notable case of a number of villages where Sardinian has ceased to be spoken altogether since 1993) as indicative of language decline, calling Sardinia a case of "linguistic suicide". The depth of the Sardophone networks' increasing assimilation into Italian is illustrated by the latest 2935: 4218:(literally "swinish Italian") by native Sardinian speakers. Roberto Bolognesi argues that, in the face of the persistent denial and rejection of the Sardinian language, it is as if the latter "had taken revenge" on its original community of speakers "and continues to do so by "polluting" the hegemonic linguistic system", recalling Gramsci's prophetic warning uttered at the dawn of the previous century. In fact, compared to a now prevalent regional Italian that, according to Bolognesi, "is in fact a hybrid language that has arisen from the contact between two different linguistic systems", "the (little) Sardinian which is used by young people often constitutes an ungrammatical jargon filled with obscenities and constructions belonging to Italian": in other words, the population would therefore only master "two crippled languages" ( 14032:"Il ventennio fascista segnò per la Sardegna l'ingresso nel sistema nazionale. Il centralismo esasperato del governo fascista riuscì, seppure – come si dirà – con qualche contraddizione, a tacitare le istanze regionalistiche, comprimendole violentemente. La Sardegna fu colonialisticamente integrata nella cultura nazionale: modi di vita, costumi, visioni generali, parole d'ordine politiche furono imposte sia attraverso la scuola (dalla quale partì un'azione repressiva nei confronti della lingua sarda), sia attraverso l'organizzazione del partito (che accompagnò, come in ogni altra regione d'Italia, i sardi dalla prima infanzia alla maturità, oltre tutto coinvolgendo per la prima volta – almeno nelle città – anche le donne). La trasformazione che ne seguì fu vasta e profonda." Guido Melis, 3893:("Italian dialect") in spite of its actual recognition by the state. Sardinian is yet to be taught at school, with the exception of a few experimental occasions; Mauro Maxia noticed a lack of interest on the part of school managers, some request for Sardinian language classes notwithstanding. Furthermore, its use has not ceased to be disincentivized as antiquated or even indicative of a lack of education, leading many locals to associate it with negative feelings of shame, backwardness, and provincialism. Similar issues of identity have been observed in regard to the community's attitude toward what they positively perceive to be part of "modernity", generally associated with the Italian cultural sphere, as opposed to the Sardinian one, whose aspects have long been 10952:"Un caso unico – e a parte – nel dominio romanzo è costituito dalla Sardegna, in cui i documenti giuridici incominciano ad essere redatti interamente in volgare già alla fine dell'XI secolo e si fanno più frequenti nei secoli successivi. (...) L'eccezionalità della situazione sarda nel panorama romanzo consiste – come si diceva – nel fatto che tali testi sono stati scritti sin dall'inizio interamente in volgare. Diversamente da quanto succede a questa altezza cronologica (e anche dopo) in Francia, in Provenza, in Italia e nella Penisola iberica, il documento sardo esclude del tutto la compresenza di volgare e latino. (...) il sardo era usato prevalentemente in documenti a circolazione interna, il latino in documenti che concernevano il rapporto con il continente." 8452:", nos nareit, seriu seriu, su mastru de iscola. Gai, totus sos pitzinnos de 'idda, intraian in iscola abbistos e allirgos e nde bessian tontos e cari-tristos." ("When I was a little kid growing up in the village, we all used to speak in the Sardinian language. We did not speak any other language in our homes. And I began to know all the things of the world in the native language. At the age of six, I went to first grade and the school teacher forbade me as well as my peers to speak in the only language we knew: from that moment on, we only had to speak in Italian, "the language of the Fatherland", he told us seriously. Thus, the children of our village would come to school bright and happy, and walk out of school empty-headed and with a gloomy look on our faces.") 12288:"Habuerunt quidem Sardi linguam propriam, sed quum diversi populi immigraverint in eam atque ab exteris principibus eius imperium usurpatum fuerit, nempe Latinis, Pisanis, Genuensibus, Hispanis et Afris, corrupta fuit multum lingua eorum, relictis tamen plurimis vocabulis, quae in nullo inveniuntur idiomate. Hinc est quod Sardi in diversis locis tam diverse loquuntur, iuxta quod tam varium habuerunt imperium, etiamsi ipsi mutuo sese recte intelligant. Sunt autem duae praecipuae in ea insula linguae, una qua utuntur in civitatibus, et altera qua extra civitates. Oppidani loquuntur fere lingua Hispanica, Tarraconensi seu Catalana, quam didicerunt ab Hispanis, qui plerumque magistratum in eisdem gerunt civitatibus: alii vero genuinam retinent Sardorum Linguam." 8360:, Royal Note, 23 July 1760: "Dovendosi per tali insegnamenti (scuole inferiori) adoperare fra le lingue più colte quella che è meno lontana dal materno dialetto ed a un tempo la più corrispondente alle pubbliche convenienze, si è determinato di usare nelle scuole predette l'italiana, siccome quella appunto che non essendo più diversa dalla sarda di quello fosse la castigliana, poiché anzi la maggior parte dei sardi più colti già la possiede; resta altresì la più opportuna per maggiormente agevolare il commercio ed aumentare gli scambievoli comodi; ed i Piemontesi che verranno nel Regno, non avranno a studiare una nuova lingua per meglio abituarsi al servizio pubblico e dei sardi, i quali in tal modo potranno essere impiegati anche nel continente." 13206:"Cinque linguaggi parlansi in Sardegna, lo spagnuolo, l'italiano, il sardo, l'algarese, e 'l sassarese. I primi due per ragione del passato e del presente dominio, e delle passate, e presenti scuole intendonsi e parlansi da tutte le pulite persone nelle città, e ancor ne' villaggi. Il sardo è comune a tutto il Regno, e dividesi in due precipui dialetti, sardo campidanese e sardo del capo di sopra. L'algarese è un dialetto del catalano, perché colonia di catalani è Algheri; e finalmente il sassarese che si parla in Sassari, in Tempio e in Castel sardo, è un dialetto del toscano, reliquia del dominio de' Pisani. Lo spagnuolo va perdendo terreno a misura che prende piede l'italiano, il quale ha dispossessato il primo delle scuole, e de' tribunali." 9384:"Sorge ora la questione se il sardo si deve considerare come un dialetto o come una lingua. È evidente che esso è, politicamente, uno dei tanti dialetti dell'Italia, come lo è anche, p. es., il serbo-croato o l'albanese parlato in vari paesi della Calabria e della Sicilia. Ma dal punto di vista linguistico la questione assume un altro aspetto. Non si può dire che il sardo abbia una stretta parentela con alcun dialetto dell'italiano continentale; è un parlare romanzo arcaico e con proprie spiccate caratteristiche, che si rivelano in un vocabolario molto originale e in una morfologia e sintassi assai differenti da quelle dei dialetti italiani" (Wagner 1951:90–91). He was writing in 1951, several decades before Sardinian, or Italy's eleven other 14796:"Anche qui, per quanto riguarda le percentuali di posticipatari presenti nel campione, viene rilevata una loro maggiore presenza nelle regioni settentrionali e una diminuzione costante nel passaggio dal Centro al Sud. In Val d'Aosta sono il 31% e nelle scuole italiane della Provincia di Bolzano il 38%. Scendendo al sud, la tendenza alla diminuzione è la stessa della scuola media, fino ad arrivare al 13% in Calabria. Unica eccezione la Sardegna che arriva al 30%. Le cause ipotizzate sono sempre le stesse. La Sardegna, in controtendenza con le regioni dell'Italia meridionale, a cui quest'autore vorrebbe associarla, mostra percentuali di ripetenze del tutto analoghe a quelle di regioni abitate da altre minoranze linguistiche." 12798:"Lingue fuori dell'Italiano e del Sardo nessuno ne impara, e pochi uomini capiscono il francese; piuttosto lo spagnuolo. La lingua spagnuola s'accosta molto anche alla Sarda, e poi con altri paesi poco sono in relazione. La popolazione della Sardegna pare dalli suoi costumi, indole, etc., un misto di popoli di Spagna, e del Levante conservano vari usi, che hanno molta analogia con quelli dei Turchi, e dei popoli del Levante; e poi vi è mescolato molto dello Spagnuolo, e dirò così, che pare una originaria popolazione del Levante civilizzata alla Spagnuola, che poi coll'andare del tempo divenne più originale, e formò la Nazione Sarda, che ora distinguesi non solo dai popoli del Levante, ma anche da quelli della Spagna." 13523:, quella che sarebbe dovuta essere la lingua unificata ed unificante, che si sarebbe dovuta imporre in tutta l'isola sulle particolarità dei singoli dialetti e suddialetti, la lingua della nazione sarda, con la quale la Sardegna intendeva inserirsi tra le altre nazioni europee, quelle che nell'Ottocento avevano già raggiunto o stavano per raggiungere la loro attuazione politica e culturale, compresa la nazione italiana. E proprio sulla falsariga di quanto era stato teorizzato ed anche attuato a favore della nazione italiana, che nell'Ottocento stava per portare a termine il processo di unificazione linguistica, elevando il dialetto fiorentino e toscano al ruolo di "lingua nazionale", chiamandolo 14358:"Il prezzo che si pagò fu altissimo: la compressione della cultura regionale, la frattura sempre più netta tra il passato dei sardi e il loro futuro "italiano", la riduzione di modi di vita e di pensiero molto radicati a puro fatto di folklore. I codici di comportamento tradizionali delle zone interne resistettero, seppure insidiati e spesso posti in crisi dalla invasione di nuovi valori estranei alla tradizione della comunità; in altre zone della Sardegna, invece, i modelli culturali nazionali prevalsero facilmente sull'eredità del passato e ciò, oltre a provocare una crisi d'identità con preoccupanti riflessi sociali, segnò una frattura non più rimarginabile tra le generazioni." Guido Melis, 18391:"Queste pretese barriere sono costituite da una manciata di fenomeni lessicali e fonetico-morfologici che, comunque, non-impediscono la mutua comprensibilità tra parlanti di diverse varietà del sardo. Detto questo, bisogna ripetere che le varie operazioni di divisione del sardo in due varietà sono tutte basate quasi esclusivamente sull'esistenza di pronunce diverse di lessemi (parole e morfemi) per il resto uguali. Come si è visto, non-solo la sintassi di tutte le varietà del sardo è praticamente identica, ma la quasi totalità delle differenze morfologiche è costituita da differenze, in effetti, lessicali e la percentuale di parole realmente differenti si aggira intorno al 10% del totale." 3476: 2965:, which saw the arrival of personnel from the Italian mainland, and the reorganisation of lower education, where it was decided likewise to send teachers from Piedmont to make up for the lack of Italian-speaking Sardinian teachers. In 1763, it had already been planned to "send a number of skilled Italian professors" to Sardinia to "rid the Sardinian teachers of their errors" and "steer them along the right path". The purpose did not elude the attention of the Sardinian ruling class, who deplored the fact that "the Piedmontese bishops have introduced preaching in Italian" and, in an anonymous document attributed to the conservative Sardinian Parliament and eloquently called 3532: 3274: 3655: 12399:"Totu sas naziones iscrient e imprentant sos libros in sas propias limbas nadias e duncas peri sa Sardigna – sigomente est una natzione – depet iscriere e imprentare sos libros in limba sarda. Una limba – sighit Garipa – chi de seguru bisongiat de irrichimentos e de afinicamentos, ma non est de contu prus pagu de sas ateras limbas neolatinas." ("All the nations write and print books in their native languages and therefore Sardinia – which is a nation – should do so as well, in Sardinian language. A language – follows Garipa – which certainly needs a little enrichment and refinement, but is no less important than the other Neolatin languages"). 2670:'s "On the different languages used by the various nations across the globe" with minor variations), stated that Sardinian prevailed in most of the Kingdom, with particular regard for the interior, while Catalan and Spanish were spoken in the cities, where the predominantly Iberian ruling class "occupies most of the official positions"; although the Sardinian language had become fragmented due to foreign domination (i.e. "namely Latins, Pisans, Genoese, Spanish, and Africans"), Arquer pointed to there being many Sardinian words with apparently no traceable origin and reported that Sardinians nevertheless "understand each other perfectly". 18119:"La situazione del sardo in questi ultimi decenni risente da un lato degli esiti del processo di italianizzazione linguistica, profondo e pervasivo, e dall'altro di un processo che si può definire come risardizzazione linguistica, intendendo con questo una serie di passaggi che incidono sulla modifica dello status del sardo come lingua, sulla determinazione di una regola scritta, sulla diffusione del suo uso nei media e nella comunicazione pubblica e, infine, sullo sviluppo del suo uso come lingua di comunicazione privata e d'uso in set d'interazione interpersonale dai quali era stato precedentemente bandito o considerato sconveniente". 2801: 14775:"Come primo atto, il maestro decise di dividere la classe in due: da una parte sistemò i bambini che lui sapeva essere già "bravi", che appartenevano a famiglie di ceto e condizione superiore, che parlavano in italiano, dall'altra aggregò, ben distinti per banco, i bambini "non bravi", qualcuno più irrequieto di altri, qualche altro scalzo e che puzzava di pecora, quelli, cioè, che l'italiano non sapevano neppure cosa fosse, e che portavano addosso, ben impresso, il marchio dei figli della gleba. Quando poi fece l'appello, con mia grande sorpresa, scoprii che per la scuola e per il maestro io non ero più "Giuanneddu" ma "Giovanni"." 2893: 1775: 8465:, whose editorial staff properly censored it in accordance with the regime's directives. The newspaper then justified itself in the following way, in a personal letter addressed to Casula on 12 September: "Your article could not be published because part of it clearly exalts the region too much. This is absolutely forbidden by the current provisions of the Head of Government's press office, which specifically state: 'In no way and for no reason does the region exist'. We are very sorry. However, we would ask you to redo the article by simply talking about your poetry in dialect without touching on this dangerous subject!" 15885:"Centuries of foreign domination have accustomed Sardinians to the authority's negative attitude towards their language and culture, and to the necessity of the use of a foreign language for formal affairs and in formal writing. It also triggered a negative attitude on the part of the Sardinians, if not a pervasive sense of inferiority of the Sardinian ethnic and cultural identity. The effects of the public institutions' rejection of the local culture and idiom had a particularly strong impact on the Sardinian population after the unification of Italy, and especially with the institution of the national school system." 12750:"La più diffusa, e storicamente precocissima, consapevolezza nell'isola circa lo statuto di lingua a sé del sardo, ragion per cui il rapporto tra il sardo e l'italiano ha teso a porsi fin dall'inizio nei termini di quello tra due lingue diverse (benché con potere e prestigio evidentemente diversi), a differenza di quanto normalmente avvenuto in altre regioni italiane, dove, tranne nel caso di altre minoranze storiche, la percezione dei propri "dialetti" come "lingue" diverse dall'italiano sembrerebbe essere un fatto relativamente più recente e, almeno apparentemente, meno profondamente e drammaticamente avvertito." 4051:) with thirty experts that would propose a linguistic standard based on the main historical varieties, and would also have advisory duties towards the Regional body. However, said law has yet to be followed up by the respective implementing decrees, the lack of which prevents it from being legally applicable. Some Sardinian language activists and activist groups have also contested the law itself, considering it a political attack on Sardinian made to try to negate its uniformity and to relegate it to folklore, and also noted how its text contains a few parts that could bring the Italian government to challenge it. 12867:"Come data ufficiale per la estensione della lingua italiana in Sardegna viene comunemente citato il 1764, anno in cui fu emanata un'apposita carta reale per le Università, ma questa, in effetti, fu preceduta nel 1760 da un piano regio per le scuole inferiori e seguita nel 1770 da un regio editto per la magistratura. Occorse dunque un periodo di dieci anni per rendere ufficiale, nell'isola, l'adozione dell'italiano, la cui diffusione fu da principio assai lenta anche negli ambienti colti, come attesta l'uso frequente della lingua spagnola in atti e documenti pubblici fino ai primi decenni dell'Ottocento." 4224:) whose manifestations do not arise from a recognisable norm, nor do they constitute a clear source of linguistic security. Bolognesi believes therefore that the Sardinians' utter "rejection of their original linguistic identity has not entailed the hoped-for and automatic homologation to a more socially prestigious identity, but the acquisition of a second-class identity (neither truly Sardinian nor truly Italian), no longer self-centred but rather peripheral with respect to the sources of linguistic and cultural norms, which still remain beyond their reach: on the other side of the Tyrrhenian Sea". 8046:(transitional) varieties as reference, and welcoming elements of the spoken language so as to be perceived as a more "natural" mediation; it also ensured that the common orthography would be provided with the characteristics of over-dialectality and supra-municipality, while being open to integrating the phonetic peculiarities of the local variants. Despite this, there was some criticism for this norm as well, both by those who proposed amendments to improve it, and by those who preferred to insist with the idea of dividing Sardinian into two macro-variants with their own separate orthographies. 1393: 2957: 3464:", which was interpreted as "the region's revealing spiritual element"; in the wake of this debate, Anchisi managed to have Sardinian banned from the printing press, as well. The significance of the Sardinian language as it was posed by Casula, in fact, lent itself to potentially subversive themes, being tied to the practices of cultural resistance of an indigenous ethnic group, whose linguistic repertoire had to be introduced in school to preserve a "Sardinian personality" and regain "a dignity" perceived to have been lost in the process. Another famed poet from the island, Salvatore ( 7512: 2693:; according to Bruno Anatra's estimates, around 87% of the books printed in Cagliari were in Spanish. A notable exception was Pedro Delitala (1550–1590), who decided to write in Italian instead. Nonetheless, the Sardinian language retained much of its importance, earning respect from the Spaniards in light of it being the ethnic code the people from most of the Kingdom kept using, especially in the rural areas. Sardinian endured, moreover, in religious drama and the drafting of notarial deeds in the interior. New genres of popular poetry were established around this period, like the 2161: 11578:: "I sardi sono di schiatta Rum Afariqah (latina d'Africa), berberizzanti. Rifuggono (dal consorzio) di ogni altra nazione di Rum: sono gente di proposito e valorosa, che non lascia mai l'arme." Note to the passage by Mohamed Mustafa Bazama: "Questo passo, nel testo arabo, è un poco differente, traduco qui testualmente: "gli abitanti della Sardegna, in origine sono dei Rum Afariqah, berberizzanti, indomabili. Sono una (razza a sé) delle razze dei Rum. Sono pronti al richiamo d'aiuto, combattenti, decisivi e mai si separano dalle loro armi (intende guerrieri nati)." 4246: 3041:. The intention that motivated Madau was to trace the ideal path through which Sardinian could be elevated to the island's proper national language; nevertheless, according to Amos Cardia, the Savoyard climate of repression on Sardinian culture would induce Matteo Madau to veil its radical proposals with some literary devices, and the author was eventually unable to ever translate them into reality. The first volume of comparative Sardinian dialectology was produced in 1786 by the Catalan Jesuit Andres Febres, known in Italy and Sardinia by the pseudonym of 9660:"Wagner prospetta l'ipotesi che la denominazione sarda, identica a quella berbera, sia una reminiscenza atavica di lontane tradizioni comuni e così commenta (p. 277): "Parlando delle sopravvivenze celtiche, dice il Bertoldi: "Come nell'Irlanda odierna, anche nella Gallia antica una maggiore cedevolezza della "materia" linguistica, suoni e forme, rispetto allo "spirito" che resiste più tenace". Questo vale forse anche per la Sardegna; antichissime usanze, superstizioni, leggende si mantengono più saldamente che non i fugaci fenomeni linguistici"." 3902: 2985:, started to perceive Sardinian as a handicap. Girolamo Sotgiu asserts on the matter that "the Sardinian ruling class, just as it had become Hispanicized, now became Italianised, without ever managing to become Sardinian, that is to say, to draw from the experience and culture of their people, from which it came, those elements of concreteness without which a culture and a ruling class always seem foreign even in their homeland. This was the objective that the Savoyard government had set itself and which, to a good measure, it managed to pursue". 8228: 13453:" In generale considera la lingua un patrimonio che deve essere tutelato e migliorato con sollecitudine. In definitiva, per il Porru possiamo ipotizzare una probabilmente sincera volontà di salvaguardia della lingua sarda che però, dato il clima di severa censura e repressione creato dal dominio sabaudo, dovette esprimersi tutta in funzione di un miglior apprendimento dell'italiano. Siamo nel 1811, ancora a breve distanza dalla stagione calda della rivolta antifeudale e repubblicana, dentro il periodo delle congiure e della repressione." 17684:"Tutte le lingue dei sardi sono prive di uno status ufficiale che non-sia un mero riconoscimento legislativo, non-hanno protezione legale né supporto finanziario, e solo il sardo ha una qualche forma di codifica e di standardizzazione ma che sono sconosciute ai parlanti, nessuna è impiegata se non-episodicamente sui media, a scuola, dalla Chiesa, dall'amministrazione e dalle imprese. Ancora oggi non-esiste una Radio che trasmetta solo in sardo, né giornali, né scuole private sardofone. Esiste pochissimo a livello di società civile." 3636: 12375:: "Los tercios españoles solo podían ser comandados por soldados que hablasen castellano, catalán, portugués o sardo. Cualquier otro tenía vedado su ascenso, por eso los italianos que chapurreaban español se hacían pasar por valencianos para intentar su promoción."; "The Spanish tercios could only be commanded by soldiers who spoke Castilian, Catalan, Portuguese or Sardinian. Everyone else had his promotion forbidden, that's why the Italians who spoke Spanish badly tried to pass themselves off as Valencians to try to get promoted." 1838:. Pinelli believes that this event constituted a fundamental watershed in the historical course of Sardinia, leading to the definitive severance of those previously close cultural ties between Sardinia and the southern shore of the Mediterranean: any previously held commonality shared between Sardinia and Africa "disappeared, like mist in the sun, as a result of North Africa's conquest by Islamic forces, since the latter, due to the fierce resistance of the Sardinians, were not able to spread to the island, as they had in Africa". 18084:"Benché si tratti anche qui di atteggiamenti e stereotipi in via di rapido cambiamento, va rilevato che anche essi implicano però una profonda consapevolezza dello statuto di lingua, fortemente marcata etnicamente, e non di semplice "dialetto", del sardo stesso: ciò che si può inferire da questo tipo di atteggiamenti (neanche troppo cripticamente normativi) è infatti che, così come si deve evitare di "storpiare" l'italiano, si deve evitare di "storpiare" anche il sardo, a meno che non si sia giustificati in partenza dal fatto di 15822:"...Per la più gran parte dei parlanti, la lingua sarda è sinonimo o comunque connotato di un passato misero e miserabile che si vuole dimenticare e di cui ci si vuole liberare, è il segno della subordinazione sociale e politica; la lingua di classi più che subalterne e per di più legate a modalità di vita ormai ritenuta arcaica e pertanto non-desiderabile, la lingua degli antichi e dei bifolchi, della ristrettezza e della chiusura paesane contro l'apertura, nazionale e internazionale, urbana e civile." Virdis, Maurizio (2003). 13688:"Des del seu càrrec de capità general, Carles Fèlix havia lluitat amb mà rígida contra les darreres actituds antipiemonteses que encara dificultaven l'activitat del govern. Ara promulgava el Codi felicià (1827), amb el qual totes les lleis sardes eren recollides i, sovint, modificades. Pel que ara ens interessa, cal assenyalar que el nou codi abolia la Carta de Logu – la "consuetud de la nació sardesca", vigent des de l'any 1421 – i allò que restava de l'antic dret municipalista basat en el privilegi." Joan Armangué i Herrero, 3504: 3692:(62.7% of the population were in favour, 25.9% said no and 11.4% were unsure). Such consensus remains relatively stable to this day; another survey, conducted in 2008, reported that more than half of the interviewees, 57.3%, were in favour of the introduction of Sardinian into schools alongside Italian. More research carried out in 2010 confirmed warm reception among the students' parents to introducing Sardinian at school, even though skepticism circulated around having it taught as the vehicular language of education. 18375:"The phonetic differences between the dialects occasionally lead to communicative difficulties, particularly in those cases where a dialect is believed to be 'strange' and 'unintelligible' owing to the presence of phonetic peculiarities such as laryngeal or pharyngeal consonants or nazalized vowels in Campidanese and in the dialects of central Sardinia. In his comprehensive experimental-phonetic study, however, Contini (1987) concludes that interdialectal intelligibility exists and, on the whole, works satisfactorily." 1385: 847: 2889: 12990:"En aquest sentit, la italianització definitiva de l'illa representava per a ell l'objectiu més urgent, i va decidir de contribuir-hi tot reformant les Universitats de Càller i de Sàsser, bandejant-ne alhora els jesuïtes de la direcció per tal com mantenien encara una relació massa estreta amb la cultura espanyola. El ministre Bogino havia entès que només dins d'una Universitat reformada podia crear-se una nova generació de joves que contribuïssin a homogeneïtzar de manera absoluta Sardenya amb el Piemont." 8324: 3696: 4106: 1070: 14406:"Le argomentazioni sono sempre le stesse, e sostanzialmente possono essere riassunte con il legame a loro avviso naturale tra la lingua sarda, intesa come la lingua delle società tradizionali, e la lingua italiana, connessa ai cosiddetti processi di modernizzazione. Essi hanno interiorizzato l'idea, molto rozza e intellettualmente grossolana, che essere italofoni è essere "moderni". La differenza tra modernità e tradizione è ai loro occhi di sostanza, si tratta di due tipi di società opposti 12766:"La consapevolezza di alterità rispetto all'italiano si spiega facilmente non solo per i quasi 400 anni di fila sotto il dominio ispanico, che hanno agevolato nei sardi, rispetto a quanto avvenuto in altre regioni italiane, una prospettiva globalmente più distaccata nei confronti della lingua italiana, ma anche per il fatto tutt'altro che banale che già i catalani e i castigliani consideravano il sardo una lingua a sé stante, non solo rispetto alla propria ma anche rispetto all'italiano." 1901:. The exceptionality of the Sardinian situation, which in this sense constitutes a unique case throughout the Latin-speaking Europe, consists in the fact that any official text was written solely in Sardinian from the very beginning and completely excluded Latin, unlike what was happening – and would continue to happen – in France, Italy and Iberia at the same time; Latin, although co-official, was in fact used only in documents concerning external relations in which the Sardinian kings ( 15857:"Nella coscienza dei sardi, in analogia coi processi che caratterizzano la subalternità ovunque, si è costituita un'identità fondata su alcune regole che distinguono il dicibile (autonomia in politica, italianità linguistica, criteri di gusto musicali convenzionali non-sardi, mode, gastronomie, uso del tempo libero, orientamenti politici) come campo che può comprendere quasi tutto ma non-l'indicibile, cioè ciò che viene stigmatizzato come "arretrato", "barbaro", "primitivo", cioè sardo 12974:"Ai funzionari sabaudi, inseriti negli ingranaggi dell'assolutismo burocratico ed educati al culto della regolarità e della precisione, l'isola appariva come qualcosa di estraneo e di bizzarro, come un Paese in preda alla barbarie e all'anarchia, popolato di selvaggi tutt'altro che buoni. Era difficile che quei funzionari potessero considerare il diverso altrimenti che come puro negativo. E infatti essi presero ad applicare alla Sardegna le stesse ricette applicate al Piemonte.". 3010:") and the main differences between Sassarese and Tuscan": "five languages are spoken in Sardinia, that is Spanish, Italian, Sardinian, Algherese, and Sassarese. The former two because of the past and today's domination, and they are understood and spoken through schooling by all the educated people residing in the cities, as well as villages. Sardinian is common to all the Kingdom, and is divided into two main dialects, Campidanese Sardinian and Sardinian from the Upper Half (" 8448:("The language is the world's history; Biddafraigada's Condaghe"), Condaghes, p. 4: "A sos tempos de sa pitzinnìa, in bidda, totus chistionaiamus in limba sarda. In domos nostras no si faeddaiat atera limba. E deo, in sa limba nadìa, comintzei a connoscher totu sas cosas de su mundu. A sos ses annos, intrei in prima elementare e su mastru de iscola proibeit, a mie e a sos fedales mios, de faeddare in s'unica limba chi connoschiamus: depiamus chistionare in limba italiana, " 3631:, that Sardinians were one of the many ethnic and national minorities facing the danger of cultural assimilation, and his fervor reverberated across the Sardinian society, pushing even some non-nationalist groups to take an interest in matters relating to minorities. Although a law was passed as early as 1955 for the establishment of five professorships of Sardinian linguistics, one of the first demands for bilingualism was in fact formulated in a resolution adopted by the 14759:"The State's purpose to dismiss the ethnic language was particularly evident at school in the teachers' negative attitudes; they formally and informally objected to the students' use of their local idiom at school. The children's negative experience at school, where their language and culture were stigmatized as inferior, alienated them from school, and induced the families to teach Italian to their offspring in order for them to avoid discrimination and even harassment." 3519:, awareness around the Sardinian language and the danger of its slipping away did not seem to concern the Sardinian elites and entered the political spaces later than in other European peripheries marked by the presence of local ethno-linguistic minorities; Sardinian was in fact dismissed by the middle class, as both the Sardinian language and culture were still being held responsible for the island's underdevelopment. The Sardinian ruling class, drawn to the Italian 14970:"Mossa era un intellettuale poliedrico: architetto di grande talento, insegnante, giornalista, viaggiatore instancabile. Fin da giovane manifestò un particolare interesse verso le problematiche delle minoranze etnico-linguistiche, europee e mondiali, a rischio di estinzione e vittime di un "genocidio culturale". Un pericolo che incombeva anche sulla Sardegna, considerata da Mossa "un'unità o comunità etnica ben distinta dalle altre componenti dello Stato italiano"." 4150: 470: 14702:"E in tempi a noi più vicini, con una nota riservata del Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione – regnante Malfatti – del 13-2-1976 si sollecitano Presidi e Direttori Didattici a controllare eventuali attività didattiche- culturali riguardanti l'introduzione della lingua sarda nelle scuole. Una precedente nota riservata dello stesso anno del 23–1 della Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri aveva addirittura invitato i capi d'Istituto a schedare gli insegnanti." 3870:) through the framework law no. 482, in keeping with the spirit of Art. 6 of the Italian Constitution ("The Republic safeguards linguistic minorities by means of appropriate measures"). While the first section of said law states that Italian is the official language of the Republic, a number of provisions are included to normalize the use of such languages and let them become part of the national fabric. However, Italy (along with France and Malta) has never 18808:"Nel periodo giudicale si osserva una certa unitarietà del modo di scrivere il sardo, ma non-si ha notizia di alcuna regolazione: la sua ufficialità era implicita e data per scontata. Nel XVI e, poi, nel XVIII secolo, nei circoli umanisti e in quelli gesuitici, rispettivamente, si è osservato un tentativo di fornire una regolazione, ma tali tentativi furono non solo ostacolati ma anche repressi dalle autorità coloniali ispaniche e soprattutto sabaude." 21257: 2380: 8120: 3973: 8394:"Una innovazione in materia di incivilimento della Sardegna e d'istruzione pubblica, che sotto vari aspetti sarebbe importantissima, si è quella di proibire severamente in ogni atto pubblico civile non meno che nelle funzioni ecclesiastiche, tranne le prediche, l'uso dei dialetti sardi, prescrivendo l'esclusivo impiego della lingua italiana. Attualmente in sardo si gettano i così detti pregoni o bandi; in sardo si cantano gl'inni dei Santi ( 518: 1874: 14254:"Il diffondere l'uso della lingua sarda in tutte le scuole di ogni ordine e grado non è per gli educatori sardi soltanto una necessità psicologica alla quale nessuno può sottrarsi, ma è il solo modo di essere Sardi, di essere cioè quello che veramente siamo per conservare e difendere la personalità del nostro popolo. E se tutti fossimo in questa disposizione di idee e di propositi ci faremmo rispettare più di quanto non-ci rispettino." 21318: 12414:"...non-scrivono di Sardegna o in sardo per inserirsi in un sistema isolano, ma per iscrivere la Sardegna e la sua lingua – e con esse, se stessi – in un sistema europeo. Elevare la Sardegna ad una dignità culturale pari a quella di altri paesi europei significava anche promuovere i sardi, e in particolare i sardi colti, che si sentivano privi di radici e di appartenenza nel sistema culturale continentale." Paolo Maninchedda (2000): 8381:'s inhabitants" (p. 5) and, formulating a vow of loyalty to the new dynasty of regents that followed the Spanish ones, "Sardinia owes so much to the most August HOUSE OF SAVOY, which, once the Hispanic domination had ceased, so wisely promoted the development of science, and also commanded during the middle of the last century, that Tuscan be made the language of the Dicasteries and public education" (p. 6). The Preface, entitled 3136: 939: 8001:, where a certain orthographic uniformity can be observed, the only steps to provide the language with a single standard, called "illustrious Sardinian", were undertaken by such writers as Hieronimu Araolla, Ioan Mattheu Garipa and Matteo Madau, who had based their works on the model of medieval Sardinian. However, attempts to formalise and spread this orthography would be hindered by the Iberian and later Savoyard authorities. 4261: 12331:«Il brano qui riportato non è soltanto illustrativo di una chiara evoluzione di diglossia con bilinguismo dei ceti medio-alti (il cavaliere sa lo spagnolo e il sardo), ma anche di un rapporto gerarchico, tra lingua dominante (o "egèmone", come direbbe Gramsci) e subordinata, che tuttavia concede spazio al codice etnico, rispettato e persino appreso dai conquistatori.» Eduardo Blasco Ferrer, Giorgia Ingrassia (edited by). 3898: 19983: 1808: 20881: 8106: 1954: 3965:(all the other ethno-linguistic groups, including Sardinian). This bill, which was eventually implemented but later deemed unconstitutional by the Court, triggered a reaction on the island. Students expressed an interest in taking all (or part) of their exit examinations in Sardinian. In response to a 2013 Italian initiative to remove bilingual signs on the island, a group of Sardinians began a virtual campaign on 3619: 17768:"Va però rilevato che, contrariamente alle indicazioni del Consiglio d'Europa, che raccomanda il censimento delle minoranze ai fini della tutela, in Italia un censimento ufficiale in questo senso è limitato alla regione Trentino-Alto Adige ed ai gruppi linguistici ivi riconosciuti (tedesco, italiano, ladino, cimbro e mocheno); per le altre regioni non si dispongono che di stime più o meno attendibili." 2859: 4114: 18721:"Le lingue che si parlano in Sardegna si possono dividere in istraniere, e nazionali. Straniera totalmente è la lingua d'Algher, la quale è la catalana, a motivo che Algher medesimo è una colonia di Catalani. Straniera pure si deve avere la lingua che si parla in Sassari, Castelsardo e Tempio; è un dialetto italiano, assai più toscano, che non la maggior parte de' medesimi dialetti d'Italia." 15029:"These claims have been put forward both on the political level (accompanied by demands for greater administrative autonomy) and on the academic level (the Council of the Arts Faculty in the University of Cagliari unanimously adopted in 1971 a resolution in defence of the Sardinian ethnolinguistic heritage." Commission of the European Communities, Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana (1986). 13413:"Nel caso della Sardegna, la scelta della patria italiana è avvenuta da parte delle élite legate al dominio sabaudo sin dal 1799, in modo esplicito, più che altro come strategia di un ceto che andava formandosi attraverso la fusione fra aristocrazia, nobiltà di funzione e borghesia, in reazione al progetto antifeudale, democratico e repubblicano della Sarda rivoluzione." Mongili, Alessandro. 19710: 8025:, Roberto Bolognesi, Diego Salvatore Corraine, Ignazio Delogu, Antonietta Dettori, Giulio Paulis, Massimo Pittau, Tonino Rubattu, Leonardo Sole, Heinz Jürgen Wolf, and Matteo Porru acting as the Committee's secretary. This study, although scientifically valid, has never been adopted at an institutional level: critics argued that it was an "artificial" system "imposed" on Sardinian speakers. 953: 32: 7748: 14442:"Rimangono, invece, inspiegabilmente in ombra i problemi legati agli aspetti etnici e culturali della questione autonomistica, per i quali i consultori non mostrano alcuna sensibilità, a differenza di tutti quei teorici (da Angioy a Tuveri, da Asproni a Bellieni) che invece proprio in questo patrimonio avevano individuato il title primario per un reggimento autonomo." Antonello Mattone, 1691:, are actually not related to any known language. According to Terracini, amongst the regions in Europe that went on to draw their language from Latin, Sardinia has overall preserved the highest proportion of pre-Latin toponyms. Besides the place names, on the island there are still a few names of plants, animals and geological formations directly traceable to the ancient Nuragic era. 8528:"A defunct language to be studied in school"), claimed that "per tutti l'italiano era un'altra lingua nella quale traducevamo i nostri pensieri che, irrefrenabili, sgorgavano in sardo" and went on to conclude that for the Sardinian language "abbiamo vissuto, per essa abbiamo sofferto, per essa viviamo e vivremo. Il giorno che essa morrà, moriremo anche noi come sardi." (cit. in 3077:, a group of the Sardinian middle class planned to break away from Savoyard rule and institute an independent Sardinian Republic under French protection; all over the island, a number of political pamphlets printed in Sardinian were illegally distributed, calling for a mass revolt against the "Piedmontese" rule and the barons' abuse. The most famous literary product born out of 15399:"Se dunque il quadro delle competenze e degli usi linguistici è contraddittorio ed estremamente eterogeneo per le ragioni che abbiamo citato prima, non altrimenti si può dire per l'opinione. Questa è generalmente favorevole a un mutamento dello status pubblico della lingua sarda e delle altre lingue della Sardegna, le vuole tutelare e vuole diffonderne l'uso, anche ufficiale." 9352:"il sardo continua ad agire anche nelle menti dei sardi che il sardo non lo conoscono né lo parlano, che non l'hanno mai appreso e imparato; il sardo agisce se non altro nelle strutture linguistiche d'ogni livello dell'italiano regionale di Sardegna, che è il codice usato dai più (agisce nella fonetica, nella sintassi e in ampi settori del lessico)..." Virdis, Maurizio (2003). 9888:"Dopo pisani e genovesi si erano susseguiti aragonesi di lingua catalana, spagnoli di lingua castigliana, austriaci, piemontesi ed, infine, italiani Nonostante questi impatti linguistici, la "limba sarda" si mantiene relativamente intatta attraverso i secoli. Fino al fascismo: che vietò l'uso del sardo non solo in chiesa, ma anche in tutte le manifestazioni folkloristiche." 17392:"Lo stato italiano che, nel passato e ancora oggi, controlla la maggioranza dei settori della sfera pubblica, è stato responsabile di aver trascurato e anche denigrato la lingua sarda. Attraverso l'istruzione, i media e l'assenza della lingua sarda nella sfera pubblica, la popolazione locale ha assistito alla svalutazione e al disprezzo della sua lingua e della sua cultura." 4174: 3452:, which launched a campaign of violent repression of autonomist demands and finally determined the island's definitive entry into the "national cultural system" through the combined work of the educational system and the one-party system. Local cultural expressions were thus repressed, including Sardinia's festivals and improvised poetry competitions, and a large number of 18038: 15903: 9237: 9204: 4146:. There is also virtually no print and broadcasting media exposure in politically or numerically weaker minorities like Sardinian. Moreover, the resources allocated to cultural projects like bilingual education, which lacks a consistent approach and offers no guarantee of continuity throughout the years, are largely insufficient to meet "even the most basic expectations". 4165: 17534:"L'utilizzo della lingua sarda nelle scuole è pressoché assente e i vari progetti realmente esistenti non sono dislocati su tutto il territorio regionale in maniera omogenea così come nei mass media, ancor più dopo la bocciatura del Senato della possibilità di inserire anche il sardo nella programmazione regionale nelle zone in cui sono presenti minoranze linguistiche." 3148: 14825:"Ancora oggi, nonostante l'eradicazione e la stigmatizzazione della sardofonia nelle generazioni più giovani, il "parlare sbagliato" dei sardi contribuisce con molta probabilità all'espulsione dalla scuola del 23% degli studenti sardi (contro il 13% del Lazio e il 16% della Toscana), e lo giustifica in larga misura anche di fronte alle sue stesse vittime (ISTAT 2010)." 10699:"Le ultime provengono, per lo più, come quelle metriche della "Grotta della Vipera" nel sobborgo cagliaritano di Sant'Avendrace, da tombe di continentali immigrati. Oltre a ciò il numero delle iscrizioni latine in Sardegna non è molto elevato e il loro contenuto è spesso frammentario; e, per di più, quasi due terzi di esse provengono da Cagliari e dal suo distretto." 8021:, published on 28 February 2001) was tabled, which identified a model language of reference (based on the analysis of local varieties of Sardinian and on the selection of the most representative and compatible models) so as to guarantee the necessary characteristics of certainty, coherence, univocity, and supra-local diffusion. The people appointed for the task were 9336:"If present trends continue, it is possible that within a few generations the regional variety of Italian will supplant Sardinian as the popular idiom and that linguists of the future will be obliged to refer to Sardinian only as a substratal influence which has shaped a regional dialect of Italian rather than as a living language descended directly from Latin." 3557:, who admitted that he had only voted in favour of the final draft "to prevent the Statute from being rejected altogether by a single vote, even in such a reduced form", was the only member, at the session of 30 December 1946, to call in vain for the mandatory teaching of the Sardinian language, arguing that it was "a millenary heritage that must be preserved". 9035:"With some 1,6 million speakers, Sardinia is the largest minority language in Italy. Sardinians form an ethnic minority since they show a strong awareness of being an indigenous group with a language and a culture of their own. Although Sardinian appears to be recessive in use, it is still spoken and understood by a majority of the population on the island." 2065:), but resorted to aping straightforward Latin instead. Dante's view on the Sardinians, however, is proof of how their language had been following its own course in a way which was already unintelligible to non-islanders, and had become, in Wagner's words, an impenetrable "sphinx" to their judgment. Frequently mentioned is a previous 12th-century poem by the 10467:"The last to use that idiom, the inhabitants of Barbagia, renounced it in the seventh century together with paganism in favor of Latin, still an archaic substratum in the Sardinian language." Proceedings, VII Congress, Boulder-Denver, Colorado, 14 August – 19 September 1965, International Association for Quaternary Research, Indiana University Press, p. 28 3663: 1935:" Ego Gregorius, priore de Bonarcadu, partivi cun iudice de Gallulu. Coiuvedi Goantine Mameli, serbu de sancta Maria de Bonarcadu, cun Maria de Lee, ancilla de iudice de Gallul. Fegerunt II fiios: Zipari et Justa. Clesia levait a Zipari et iudice levait a Justa. Testes: Nigola de Pane, Comida Pira, Goantine de Porta, armentariu dessu archipiscobu. " 11626:"Non vi è dubbio che vi erano rapporti più stretti tra la latinità dell'Africa settentrionale e quella della Sardegna. Senza parlare della affinità della razza e degli elementi libici che possano ancora esistere in sardo, non bisogna dimenticare che la Sardegna rimase, durante vari secoli, alle dipendenze dell'esarcato africano". Wagner, M. (1952). 10476:"Cicerone in particolare odiava i Sardi per il loro colorito terreo, per la loro lingua incomprensibile, per l'antiestetica mastruca, per le loro origini africane e per l'estesa condizione servile, per l'assenza di città alleate dei Romani, per il rapporto privilegiato dei Sardi con l'antica Cartagine e per la resistenza contro il dominio di Roma." 18310: 738:". In fact, the intergenerational chain of transmission appears to have been broken since at least the 1960s, in such a way that the younger generations, who are predominantly Italian monolinguals, do not identify themselves with the indigenous tongue, which is now reduced to the memory of "little more than the language of their grandparents". 3553:, what ended up resulting in Sardinia was, in the words of Mariarosa Cardia, an outcome "solely based on economic considerations, because there was not either the will or the ability to devise a strong and culturally motivated autonomy, a "Sardinian specificity" that was not defined in terms of social backwardness and economic deprivation". 8076:, showed that the students of the local middle school had no problem using that standard despite the fact that the Sardinian they spoke was partly different. No pupil rejected it or considered it "artificial", a thing that proved its validity as a didactic tool. The results were first presented in 2016 and published in an article in 2021. 18045: 15910: 9244: 9211: 9051:"Nel 1948 la Sardegna diventa, anche per le sue peculiarità linguistiche, Regione Autonoma a statuto speciale. Tuttavia a livello politico, ufficiale, non cambia molto per la minoranza linguistica sarda, che, con circa 1,2 milioni di parlanti, è la più numerosa tra tutte le comunità alloglotte esistenti sul territorio italiano." 8058: 688:, during which Catalan and Castilian became the island's prestige languages and would remain so well into the 18th century. Finally, from the early 18th century onward, under the Savoyard and contemporary Italian one, following the country's linguistic policies which, to the detriment of Sardinian and the local Catalan, led to 13098:"Anche la sostituzione dell'italiano allo spagnolo non avvenne istantaneamente: quest'ultimo restò lingua ufficiale nelle scuole e nei tribunali fino al 1764, anno in cui da Torino fu disposta una riforma delle università di Cagliari e Sassari e si stabilì che l'insegnamento scolastico dovesse essere solamente in italiano." 3472:) had been seized by Cagliari's police commissioner. When the use of Sardinian in school was banned in 1934 as part of a nation-wide educational plan against the alloglot "dialects", the then Sardinian-speaking children were confronted with another means of communication that was supposed to be their own from then onwards. 2677:, Sardinia would gradually join a broad Spanish cultural sphere. Spanish was perceived as an elitist language, gaining solid ground among the ruling Sardinian class; Spanish had thus a profound influence on Sardinian, especially in those words, styles and cultural models owing to the prestigious international role of the 1785:, the first written documents in Sardinian. From the long Byzantine era there are only a few entries but they already provide a glimpse of the sociolinguistical situation on the island in which, in addition to the community's everyday Neo-Latin language, Greek was also spoken by the ruling classes. Some toponyms, such as 8050: 18506:"L'esistenza di una striscia di "terra di nessuno" (fatta eccezione, comunque, per i dialetti di Laconi e Seneghe) tra dialetti meridionali e settentrionali, come anche della tradizionale suddivisione della Sardegna in due "capi" politico-amministrativi oltre che, ma fino a un certo punto, sociali e antropologici ( 3878:. Nevertheless, the law proved to be a positive step towards the legalization of Sardinian as it put at least an end to the ban on the language which had been in effect since the Italian Unification, and was deemed as a starting point, albeit timid, to pursue a more decentralized school curriculum for the island. 1905:, "judges") engaged. Awareness of the dignity of Sardinian for official purposes was such that, in the words of Livio Petrucci, a Neo-Latin language had come to be used "at a time when nothing similar can be observed in the Italian peninsula" not only "in the legal field" but also "in any other field of writing". 15097:"S. Salvi described the Sardinians as a "nazione proibita" since their status as a linguistic or ethnic minority is nowhere reflected in national or regional legislation. His books (Salvi 1973, 1975) contributed significantly to the increased intensity in the controversy surrounding the language question." 2797: 521: 1920:, a script that had long fallen out of use on the European continent and F. Casula believes may have been adopted by the Sardinians of Latin culture as their own "national script" from the 8th until the 12th century, prior to their receiving outside influence from the arrival of mainly Italian notaries. 3265:, literally translating into English as "the language of hunger" (i.e. the language of the poor), and Sardinian parents strongly supported the teaching of the Italian tongue to their children, since they saw it as the portal to escaping from a poverty-stricken, rural, isolated and underprivileged life. 3156: 520: 3441:(PsdAz) which, before long, would become one of the most important players in the island's political life. At the beginning, the party would not have had strictly ethnic claims though, being the Sardinian language and culture widely perceived, in the words of Fiorenzo Toso, as "symbols of the region's 525: 524: 519: 8323: 4129: 4046: 3667: 2974: 2858: 2152: 1774: 1703: 938: 775: 695: 18518: 8484: 8401: 3944: 3672: 3662: 3209: 3155: 3147: 2892: 2796: 1949: 10225: 8065: 8008: 8004: 4173: 3635: 3475: 2934: 2379: 835: 13975: 10900:"La lingua sarda acquisì dignità di lingua nazionale già dall'ultimo scorcio del secolo XI quando, grazie a favorevoli circostanze storico-politiche e sociali, sfuggì alla limitazione dell'uso orale per giungere alla forma scritta, trasformandosi in volgare sardo." Cecilia Tasca (a cura di), 2003. 8227: 8061: 4245: 3654: 3531: 3523: 3069: 2956: 2888: 1464: 713: 10730:"Dopo la dominazione vandalica, durata ottanta anni, la Sardegna ritornava di nuovo all'impero, questa volta a quello d'Oriente. Anche sotto i Bizantini la Sardegna rimase alle dipendenze dell'esarcato africano, ma l'amministrazione civile fu separata da quella militare; alla prima fu preposto un 4125: 3964: 3920: 3415: 3291: 2594:);); another testimony is offered by the rector of the Jesuit college of Sassari Baldassarre Pinyes who, in Rome, wrote: "As far as the Sardinian language is concerned, Your Paternity should know that it is not spoken in this city, nor in Alghero, nor in Cagliari: it is only spoken in the towns". 2518: 11678: 7771: 4184: 4141: 1953: 526: 18309: 15206:"It also became obvious that the polarization of the language controversy had brought about a change in the attitude towards Sardinian and its use. Sardinian had become a symbol of ethnic identity: one could be proud of it and it served as a marker to distance oneself from the 'continentali' ." 9503:"Il fondo della lingua sarda di oggi è il latino. La Sardegna è il solo paese del mondo in cui la lingua dei Romani si sia conservata come lingua viva. Questa circostanza ha molto facilitato le mie ricerche nell'isola, perché almeno la metà dei pastori e dei contadini non conoscono l'italiano." 8420: 8057: 8016: 4164: 3410: 8049: 3897: 3618: 4113: 8336: 3429: 1694: 6865: 15299:"In August 1980 the Italian Communist Party (PCI) presented the regional council with another bill, and in October of that year a further proposal "for the protection of the language and culture of the Sardinian people" was put forward on the initiative of the education advisory council." 18153:"Ciò nonostante non si è potuto né frenare l'italianizzazione progredente attraverso la scuola e gli ambiti ufficiali, né restituire vitalità al sardo in famiglia. La trasmissione intergenerazionale, fattore essenziale per la riproduzione etnolinguistica, resta seriamente compromessa." 8995:"Il Sardo ha una sua speciale fisionomia ed individualità che lo rende, in certo qual modo, il più caratteristico degli idiomi neolatini; e questa speciale individualità del Sardo, come lingua di tipo arcaico e con una fisionomia inconfondibile, traspare già fin dai più antichi testi." 2299: 17924:"Bisogna partire dal constatare che il processo di 'desardizzazione' culturale ha trovato spunto e continua a trovare alimento nella desardizzazione linguistica, e che l'espropriazione culturale è venuta e viene a rimorchio dell'espropriazione linguistica." Virdis, Maurizio (2003). 7550: 2923:. In the same year, Victor Amadeus II had already said he could no longer tolerate the lack of ability to speak Italian on the part of the islanders, in view of the inconveniences that such inability was putting through for the functionaries sent from the Mainland. Restrictions to 10419:(la malaria), abitata da popoli di origine africana ribelli e resistenti, impegnati in latrocinia ed in azioni di pirateria che si spingevano fino al litorale etrusco; un luogo terribile, scarsamente urbanizzato, destinato a diventare nei secoli la terra d'esilio per i condannati 17901: 2568:" "few, thickheaded, and badly united") noted in 1611 that the main cities spoke Catalan and Spanish, but outside these cities no other language was understood than Sardinian, which in turn was understood by everyone in the entire Kingdom; Joan Gaspar Roig i Jalpí, author of 8094:, which the natives used to confer on each other until contemporary times, as well as most of the traditional surnames still common on the island. Sardinian place names have a very ancient history and, in some cases, have originated a significant debate about their origins. 527: 12463:"I territori della casa di Savoia si allargano fino al Ticino; importante è l'annessione della Sardegna (1718), perché la vita amministrativa e culturale dell'isola, che prima si svolgeva in spagnolo, si viene orientando, seppur molto lentamente, verso la lingua italiana". 1861:, and eventually attain independence. Pinelli argues that "the Arab conquest of North Africa separated Sardinia from that continent without, however, causing the latter to rejoin Europe" and that this event "determined a capital turning point for Sardinia, giving rise to a 13795:"In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of Italy, and the island became part of the unified Italian state. Sardinia's distinct language and culture as well as its geographic isolation from the Italian mainland, made it something of a forgotten province, however." 10636:"Although it is an established historical fact that Roman dominion over Sardinia lasted until the fifth century, it has been argued, on purely linguistic grounds, that linguistic contact with Rome ceased much earlier than this, possibly as early as the first century BC." 528: 8012: 2902: 722: 523: 12942:"L'attività riformatrice si allargò anche ad altri campi: scuole in lingua italiana per riallacciare la cultura isolana a quella del continente, lotta contro il banditismo, ripopolamento di terre e ville deserte con Liguri, Piemontesi, Còrsi." Roberto Almagia et al., 1842:, quoted by Pinelli, writes that "the attempts of the Muslims of Africa to conquer Sardinia and Corsica were frustrated by the unconquered valour of the poor and valiant inhabitants of those islands, who saved themselves for two centuries from the yoke of the Arabs". 8009: 8373:, out of devotion to the new rulers, there are several passages in which the author sings the praises of the Savoyards and their cultural policies pursued in Sardinia, such as "It was destiny that the sweet Italian tongue, although born on the pleasant banks of the 12249: 13742:"...la 'lingua della sarda nazione' perse il valore di strumento di identificazione etnica di un popolo e della sua cultura, da codificare e valorizzare, per diventare uno dei tanti dialetti regionali subordinati alla lingua nazionale." Dettori, Antonietta, 2001. 19930: 11312:"Eliminiamo anche i Sardi (che non sono Italiani, ma sembrano accomunabili agli Italiani) perché essi soli appaiono privi di un volgare loro proprio e imitano la "gramatica" come le scimmie imitano gli uomini: dicono infatti "domus nova" e "dominus meus"". 3524: 3649: 8311: 2539: 13701:"Il trapiantamento in Sardegna, senza riserve ed ostacoli, della civiltà e cultura continentale, la formazione d'una sola famiglia civile, composta di Liguri, Piemontesi, Sardi, e Savoiardi, sotto un solo Padre meglio che Re, il Grande Carlo Alberto." 11594: 3622: 3320: 3673: 15222:"It also turned out that this segregation from Italian became proportionately stronger as speakers felt that they had been let down by the 'continentali' in their aspirations towards better socio-economic integration and greater social mobility." 2015:, was written in this transitional variety of Sardinian, and would remain in force until 1827. The Arborean judges' effort to unify the Sardinian dialects were due to their desire to be legitimate rulers of the entire island under a single state ( 14638:"Un autonomismo nettamente economicistico, perché non si volle o non si poté disegnare un'autonomia forte, culturalmente motivata, una specificità sarda che non si esaurisse nell'arretratezza e nella povertà economica". Cardia, Mariarosa (1998). 2433: 4047: 2534: 7755: 9728:"Sardinian is a highly original conglomerate of dialects with respect to the Neo-Latin varieties and thoroughly distinct from the Italo-Romance typology, and its separateness as a group of its own among the Romance languages is indisputable." 14426:"La tendenza che caratterizza invece molti gruppi dominati è quella di gettare a mare i segni che indicano la propria appartenenza a un'identità stigmatizzata. È quello che accade in Sardegna con la sua lingua (capp. 8–9, in questo volume)." 9620:" ("where villagers speak an almost intact Latin and, when Latin words are corrupted, then they pass to the sound and habits of the Sardinian language, which, as I myself know, also comes from Latin")". Quoted in Loporcaro, Michele (2015). 2455: 11266:"As for the Sardinians, who are not Italian but may be associated with Italians for our purposes, out they must go, because they alone seem to lack a vernacular of their own, instead imitating gramatica as apes do humans: for they say 9676:"Sardinian is unintelligible to most Italians and gives an acoustic impression more similar to Spanish than Italian. It is clearly and energetically articulated but has always been regarded as barbarous by the soft-speaking Italians." 3116:) and, out of prudence towards the king, was made with the declared intention of easing the acquisition of Italian among his fellow Sardinians, instead of protecting their language. The more ambitious work of the professor and senator 1611: 14324:"La politica di assimilazione culmina nel ventennio fascista, ma si protrae nel secondo dopoguerra, dove l'abbandono del sardo a favore dell'italiano viene favorito anche dalla crescente mobilità e dalla diffusione dei mass-media." 8936:"Il più caratteristico degli idiomi neolatini, di gran lunga più caratteristico del ladino o del franco-provenzale." ("The most characteristic of the Neo-Latin languages, by far more characteristic than Ladin or Franco-Provençal.") 7760:, the second-largest city on Sardinia and the main center of the northern half of the island, is amongst the latter. The aforementioned Gallurese and Sassarese, despite being often colloquially considered part of Sardinian, are two 4058: 1139:(s). Etruscan elements, formerly thought to have originated in Latin, would indicate a connection between the ancient Sardinian culture and the Etruscans. According to Pittau, the Etruscan and Nuragic language(s) are descended from 11079:"Ma, prescindendo dalle divergenze stilistiche e da altri particolari minori, si può dire che la lingua dei documenti antichi è assai omogenea e che, ad ogni modo, l'originaria unità della lingua sarda vi si intravede facilmente." 2927: 1869: 822: 9070:"Sebbene in continua diminuzione, i sardi costituiscono tuttora la più grossa minoranza linguistica dello stato italiano con ca. 1.000.000 di parlanti stimati (erano 1.269.000 secondo le stime basate sul censimento del 2001)". 3210: 706:, as defined by the legislator) were similarly recognized as such by national law (specifically, Law No. 482/1999). Among these, Sardinian is notable as having, in terms of absolute numbers, the largest community of speakers. 3109: 6866: 2971:("Grievance of the Kingdom"), denounced how "the arms, the privileges, the laws, the language, University, and currency of Aragon have now been taken away, to the disgrace of Spain, and to the detriment of all particulars". 1977: 1013: 854: 18519: 11345:"In.. perceiving that the 'outlandish' character of Sardinian speech lay in its approximation to Latin the poet-philologist had almost divined the truth concerning the origin of the Romance languages." W. D. Elcock, 17082: 8385:, states the intention, already common to Porru, to publish a work dedicated to the teaching of Italian, through the differences and similarities provided by another language more familiar to the Sardinian subjects. 19924: 17461: 15865:, originario, si è costituita lentamente attraverso una serie di atti repressivi (Butler 2006, 89), dalle punizioni scolastiche alla repressione fascista del sardismo, ma anche grazie alla pratica quotidiana del 8277:" ("Moreover, I made reference to the example of the Sardinians and the Corsicans, who used their own vulgar language, as being those who preceded the Italians in such regard"). Antonio, Ludovico Antonio (1739). 15046:"The University of Cagliari passed a resolution demanding from regional and state authorities the recognition of the Sardinians as an ethnic and linguistic minority and of Sardinian as their national language." 1288:. Pittau emphasized that this concerns terms originally ending in an accented vowel, with an attached paragogic vowel; the suffix resisted Latinization in some place names, which show a Latin body and a Nuragic 17904: 16812: 10196: 1778: 7993: 6837:("especially"), as well as some recent loanwords from Italian, all the Sardinian dialects have a number of ways with which to express the meaning conferred to the adverbs by the other Romance languages (e.g. 11245: 3483:: it was in the context of the second post-war period that, as consensus for autonomy kept growing, the party began to distinguish itself by policies based on Sardinia's linguistic and cultural specificity. 746:, it was possible that there would not be a Sardinian language of which to speak in the future, being referred to by linguists as the mere substratum of the now-prevailing idiom, i.e. Italian articulated in 2631:). This way, Araolla is one of the first Sardinian authors to bind the language to a Sardinian nation, the existence of which is not outright stated but naturally implied. Antonio Lo Frasso, a poet born in 8271:" ("In reality, I believe that our people have been induced to employ the Italian language for writing by following the example of our neighbours, the Provençals, the Corsicans and the Sardinians") and " 3627:, to give Sardinian equal status with Italian as a means to promote cultural identity. Antonio Simon Mossa had drawn from his past experiences across the world, including the newly independent country of 3374:. Unlike the other infantry brigades of Italy, Sassari's conscripts were only Sardinians (including many officers). It is currently the only unit in Italy with an anthem in a language other than Italian: 741: 730:, and therefore now only happen to keep but a scant and fragmentary knowledge of their native and once first spoken language, limited in both scope and frequency of use, Sardinian has been classified by 717: 17989: 16488: 19832:. In addition to vocabularies of each Sardinian variety of the language and non-Sardinian languages, the site provides the reader also with some basic grammar guides and etymology dictionaries as well. 522: 12179:"First attempts at national self-assertion through language date back to the 16th century, when G. Araolla, a speaker of Sassarese, wrote a poem intended to enrich and honour the Sardinian language." 3929:" language ("children no longer learn the language as mother tongue in the home"), on the way to become "severely endangered" ("the language is used mostly by the grandparental generation and up"). 3292: 1640:, who loathed the Sardinians on the ground of numerous factors, such as their outlandish language, their kinship with Carthage and their refusal to engage with Rome, would call the Sardinian rebels 18169:"Yet, it cannot be ignored that at present many young speakers, who have frequently been brought up in Italian, have a restricted active or even a merely passive command of their ethnic language." 7531:, being traditionally subdivided into two standardized varieties spoken by roughly half of the entire community: the dialects spoken in North-Central Sardinia, centered on the orthography known as 3560: 1428:) mentioned by the same Roman author. According to the archeologist Giovanni Ugas, these tribes may have in fact played a role in shaping the current regional linguistic differences of the island. 19347: 12195:"Intendendo esservi una "naturalità" della lingua propria delle diverse "nazioni", così come v'è la lingua naturale della "nazione sarda", espressione, quest'ultima, non usata ma ben sottintesa." 2899:), as early as 1721. Such prudence was again noted, when the King claimed that he was nevertheless not intentioned to ban either Sardinian or Spanish on two separate occasions, in 1726 and 1728. 2327: 8423:È tanto nativa per me la lingua italiana, come la latina, francese o altre forestiere che solo s'imparano in parte colla grammatica, uso e frequente lezione de' libri, ma non si possiede appieno 15238:"The data in Sole 1988 point to the existence of two opposing tendencies: Sardophone speakers hold their language in higher esteem these days than before but they still use it less and less." 8493: 10367: 10387:"Sardinia was under the control of Carthage from around 500BC. It was conquered by Rome in 238/7 BC, but was isolated and apparently despised by the Romans, and Romanization was not rapid." 3390: 1321: 19732: 10913:"Moreover, the Sardinians are the first Romance-speaking people of all who made the language of the common folk the official language of the State, the Government..." Puddu, Mario (2002). 3055: 13082:"In Sardegna, dopo il passaggio alla casa di Savoia, lo spagnolo perde terreno, ma lentissimamente: solo nel 1764 l'italiano diventa lingua ufficiale nei tribunali e nell'insegnamento". 917:"), prove that there might have been a fair amount of vocabulary shared between Sardinia and Africa. According to Wagner, it is notable that Sardinian is the only Romance language whose 8066: 2979: 7764:-Sardinian transitional languages; they are spoken in the northernmost part of Sardinia, although some Sardinian is also understood by the majority of people living therein (73.6% in 16444: 3940: 1632: 9183: 8461: 6846: 4062: 3345:: it is to the latter's activity that much of the twentieth-century knowledge and research of Sardinian in the phonetic, morphological and, in part, syntactic fields was generated. 2909:("Account of the proposed ways to introduce the Italian language to this Kingdom") commissioned in 1726 by the Piedmontese administration, to which the Jesuit Antonio Falletti from 803: 759: 19583: 16786: 11417: 3991: 17426: 16967: 8069: 9519:"Prima di tutto, la neonata lingua sarda ingloba un consistente numero di termini e di cadenze provenienti da una lingua originaria preromana, che potremmo chiamare "nuragica"." 8062: 3676: 17572: 14477:"Relazione di accompagnamento al disegno di legge "Norme per la tutela, valorizzazione e promozione della lingua sarda e delle altre varietà linguistiche della Sardegna", p. 7" 3032:), is a dialect of Tuscan, a relic of their Pisan overlords. Spanish is losing ground to Italian, which has taken over the former in the fields of education and jurisdiction". 3835: 16931: 696: 17134: 16913: 15765: 15017: 9617: 3479: 1707: 9308: 9011: 8036:, Diego Corraine, Giovanni Lupinu, Anna Oppo, Giulio Paulis, Maria Teresa Pinna Catte and Mario Puddu. The new project continued to be worked on, going by the name of LSC ( 3658: 16597: 2519: 2316:", which threatened the survival of deep-rooted indigenous institutions and, far from ensuring the return of the island to a unitary regime, had only introduced there " 1465: 18835: 16820: 16723: 16397: 16376: 15664: 3416: 18991: 16036: 12958:"L'italianizzazione dell'isola fu un obiettivo fondamentale della politica sabauda, strumentale a un più ampio progetto di assimilazione della Sardegna al Piemonte." 16888: 12695: 3061:, was to "write down the rules of the Sardinian language" and spur the Sardinians to "cherish the language of their Homeland, as well as Italian". The government in 16571: 16325: 19155: 17870:"Language group endogamy among the Sardinian language group is in excess of 80 per cent, but with only 14 per cent of the children using Sardinian to each other." 3684:, wanted Sardinian to be compulsory in Sardinian schools, while 54.7% would prefer to see teaching in Sardinian as optional) and official bilingualism like in the 17178: 14778: 14542: 14135: 13429: 9372: 8531: 18412: 17811: 17522: 17396: 15807: 13332: 12665: 12333: 12101: 1727:) by Lucius Cassius Philippus (a Roman who had been exiled to Sardinia) in remembrance of his dead spouse Atilia Pomptilla; we also have some religious works by 19013: 18088: 16985: 4227: 17667: 16492: 7523:, sharing demographic patterns similar to the neighbouring Corsica; as a result, Sardinian developed a broad spectrum of dialects over the time. Starting from 8054:. The resolution does not aim to impose the guide and further notes that it is "open to integrations" and that "all solutions are of equal linguistic value". 3809: 2253: 21447: 16199: 15502: 18955: 15317: 15281: 15064: 14993: 14973: 14584: 13304: 7708: 3124:("Sardinian National Orthography"), although it was officially meant for the same purpose as Porru's, attempted in reality to establish a unified Sardinian 1080: 16506: 11276: 6528: 2523: 2345: 1687:"), because its people refused cultural and linguistic assimilation for a long time: 50% of toponyms of central Sardinia, particularly in the territory of 13506: 12226:"... L'Alguer castillo fuerte bien murado / con frutales por tierra muy divinos / y por la mar coral fino eltremado / es ciudad de mas de mil vezinos..." 3885:(education has never fallen under the region's remits and is managed by the state at the central level) have not stopped to squeeze the language into the 2884:, continued to be spoken by all social classes, its linguistic alterity and independence being universally perceived; Spanish, on the other hand, was the 17825: 16949: 12782:"Ma la percezione di alterità linguistica era condivisa e avvertita anche da qualsiasi italiano che avesse occasione di risiedere o passare nell'Isola." 8268: 3875: 1969:, in the second half of the 13th century, that Sardinian began to fragment into its modern dialects, undergoing some Tuscanization under the rule of the 17715: 15556: 3460:) and the fascist journalist Gino Anchisi, who stated that "once the region is moribund or dead", which the regime declared to be, "so will the dialect 2448: 1420:. There are also some stylistic differences across Northern and Southern Nuragic Sardinia, which may indicate the existence of two other tribal groups ( 19640: 18705: 13471: 12819: 2758: 18136: 13442: 13159: 12147: 3831:), delving into the question of modern energy supplies, was written by Paolo Giuseppe Mura, Physics Professor at the University of Cagliari, in 1995. 17844:"Resolution CM/ResCMN(2017)4 on the implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities by Italy, Council of Europe" 12305: 17338: 16137: 15718:"Lingue di minoranza e scuola. A dieci anni dalla Legge 482/99. Il plurilinguismo scolastico nelle comunità di minoranza della Repubblica Italiana" 1950: 897: 16173: 17462:"Caro Mastino, non negare l'evidenza: per te il sardo è una lingua morta. Che l'Università di Sassari vorrebbe insegnare come se fosse il latino" 16675: 15538: 10207: 10164: 8693: 15520: 3825: 23484: 19166: 17798:"The Council of Europe Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Fourth Opinion on Italy, 2015" 17196: 17152: 16296: 14019: 12929: 12496: 10582: 10536: 8956: 4954: 4192: 3316:. The pioneering research of German authors spurred a certain interest in the Sardinian language on the part of some Italian scholars, such as 1700: 17985:"The sociolinguistic subordination of Sardinian to Italian has resulted in the gradual degeneration of the Sardinian language into an Italian 9024: 8816: 3945: 1704: 19052: 16351: 15869: 15426: 14672:"Sardinia and the right to self-determination of peoples, Document to be presented to the European left University of Berlin – Enrico Lobina" 8421: 7581: 3245: 17598: 17487: 15601: 14201: 13226: 8817:"Limba Sarda Comuna. Normas linguìsticas de referèntzia a caràtere isperimentale pro sa limba sarda iscrita de s'Amministratzione regionale" 4043: 3181: 20026: 19971: 15840: 11550:. Annali della Facoltà di Lingue e Letterature Straniere dell'Università di Sassari, Vol. 3 (2003 pubbl. 2005), pp. 287–297. ISSN 1828-5384 2076:("Lady, so much I have endeared you"); Sardinian epitomizes outlandish speech therein, along with non-Romance languages such as German and 19812: 18537: 16423: 7555: 21595: 17367: 11426: 8438: 4160: 3969: 2110: 1628: 668:, whose indigenous society experienced for centuries competition and at times conflict with a series of colonizing newcomers: before the 16462: 14603: 14506: 11178: 10096: 2674: 2059:), even though they appeared superficially similar to them, and they did not speak anything close to a Neo-Latin language of their own ( 893:. Indeed, Sardinian was perceived as rather similar to African Latin when the latter was still in use, giving credit to the theory that 18596: 17624: 15935: 3184:" ("Why should we show neglect and contempt for Sardinian, which is a language as ancient and noble as Italian, French and Spanish?"). 19631:. 2010. Cento tratti distintivi del sardo tra le lingue romanze: Una proposta. In Iliescu, Maria; Siller, Heidi; Danler, Paul (eds.), 18608: 18578: 13726:"Lingue sotto il tetto d'Italia. Le minoranze alloglotte da Bolzano a Carloforte – 8. Il sardo | Treccani, il portale del sapere" 11524: 8913: 2822: 20442: 19949: 16546: 9580: 8887:...if the Romance languages are compared with Latin, it is seen that by most measures Sardinian and Italian are least differentiated. 4142: 709: 18207: 17029: 13989: 8028: 3545: 2172: 17797: 16867: 16633: 14913: 9397:"Sardinian is an insular language par excellence: it is at once the most archaic and the most individual among the Romance group." 8370: 8274: 3937: 2685:. Most Sardinian authors would write in both Spanish and Sardinian until the 19th century and were well-versed in the former, like 19326: 17992: 17138: 17108: 3646:) Piras some months before his death in 1977, urging bilingual education to reverse the ongoing trend of cultural De-Sardization. 1985:, the last Sardinian kingdom to fall to foreign powers, in which a transitional dialect was spoken, that of Middle Sardinian. The 1042:, Spanish, and Italian. The situation of the Sardinian language with regard to the politically dominant ones did not change until 21442: 21223: 19693: 19606: 17298: 17273: 17248: 10823: 10597: 3494: 18867: 18327: 18242:"Due dialetti principali si distinguono nella medesima lingua sarda; ciò sono il campidanese, e 'l dialetto del capo di sopra." 9950: 9087: 19457:, Atos de sa cunferèntzia regionale de sa limba sarda, Macumere, 28–30 Santandria 2008. Casteddu: Regione Autònoma de Sardigna. 19089: 13760: 4067: 3172:" ("Being an Italian province nowadays, cannot have laws and public acts made in its own language"), and while claiming that " 2528: 2208: 1735:, both from Caralis and in the writing style of whom may be noted the lexicon and perifrastic forms typical of Sardinian (e.g. 18668: 15995:, Document submitted to the International Expert Meeting on UNESCO Programme Safeguarding of Endangered Languages, Paris, p. 8 15734: 23542: 22046: 21394: 20688: 18874: 18819: 18785: 18435: 18334: 18294: 18214: 17003: 16661: 16103: 15410: 15264: 14851: 13827: 12275: 11836: 11730: 11705: 11137: 10554: 10400: 10313: 9927: 9711: 9645: 3178:" ("the Sardinian language, however unofficial, will last as long as Sardinia among the Sardinians"), he also asked himself " 21978: 20175: 19181:, cf. Ong, Brenda Man Qing, and Francesco Perono Cacciafoco. (2022). Unveiling the Enigmatic Origins of Sardinian Toponyms. 18843: 15643: 3341:, Phil. Hist. Kl., 145), the study of which led to the initiation into Sardinian linguistics of the then university student 3325:, an undisputed authority on Romance linguistics, published in 1902 an essay on Logudorese Sardinian from the survey of the 3035: 1916:, which employed an indigenous diplomatic model for writing public documents; one of them, dating to 1102, displays text in 21430: 19848: 6570: 3611: 3084: 2346: 1636:, joined their brethren in making the switch to Latin around the 7th century AD, through their conversion to Christianity. 839: 21781: 21776: 10943:, in Judicalia, Atti del Seminario di Studi Cagliari 14 dicembre 2003, a cura di B. Fois, Cagliari, Cuec, 2004, pp. 45–54. 21720: 21608: 21211: 19784: 19474: 13725: 9977: 8722: 4574: 4564: 2106:" ("a people that no one is able to understand / nor do they come to a knowledge of what other peoples say about them"). 500: 21881: 21771: 20227: 16760: 13797: 13457: 13291: 13117: 12962: 12901: 12651: 12607: 9730: 8304: 3456: 2953:("great hunt"), was that the islanders spoke "a horrible language, as intricate as Saracen, and sounding like Spanish". 2663: 714: 21996: 21245: 19439: 18724: 18245: 17222: 14546: 14143: 11380: 10378: 1846: 1456:. In the eighth and seventh centuries, the Phoenicians began to develop permanent settlements, politically arranged as 836: 19997: 16647: 15803: 15689:"The legalization of the Sard language ends a ban on the language that has been in effect since Italian unification." 12726: 2863:, and the island of Sardinia would remain a separate country with its own traditions and institutions, albeit without 22835: 19758: 19020: 17551: 15700: 14300: 13189: 11475: 11162: 10284: 10152: 9488: 3430: 19869: 16021: 13931: 10365: 1857:; this spurred the former Byzantine province of Sardinia to become progressively more autonomous from the Byzantine 1448: 22895: 19964: 18598:– Roderigo Hunno Baeza, Caralis Panegyricus, about 1516, manuscript preserved in the University Library of Cagliari 17427:"IL VIDEO/ Elisa, la studentessa cui è stata negata la tesina in sardo: "Semus in custa terra e no ischimus nudda"" 14671: 11639: 8357: 4981:). The conjugations of regular verbs in the 3 main dialects (Nuorese, Logudorese, and Campidanese) are as follows: 4455: 4350: 18202: 15612: 11218: 1460: 22183: 21788: 21588: 21479: 20541: 20117: 19491: 17857: 14704: 9731:"(Toso, Fiorenzo). Lingue sotto il tetto d'Italia. Le minoranze alloglotte da Bolzano a Carloforte – 8. Il sardo" 4654: 4431: 1823: 1793:, "untilled"), together with the personal names Mikhaleis, Konstantine and Basilis, demonstrate Greek influence. 918: 726: 490: 7559:, is in fact the result of a psychological adherence to the way Sardinia was administratively subvidided into a 3038: 1845: 23527: 22983: 22884: 21489: 21389: 16615: 11363: 7772: 4948: 4677: 3016:"). Algherese is a Catalan dialect, for a Catalan colony is Alghero; and finally Sassarese, which is spoken in 22854: 14114: 9133: 22791: 22469: 21366: 21285: 19207: 17913: 17726: 16271: 15563: 13748: 11950: 4488: 4402: 3669: 3528: 3249:. Between 1848 and 1861, the island was plunged into a social and economic crisis that was to last until the 2836: 2588:, noted in his pilgrimages how, many foreigners notwithstanding, the natives still spoke their own language ( 2021:"Sardinian Republic"); such political goal, after all, was already manifest in 1164, when the Arborean Judge 1651: 460: 378: 19829: 18699: 17083:"Nella Procura di Oristano si parla sardo: primo sportello giudiziario in Italia per una lingua minoritaria" 16050: 13478: 13384:. Vol. 1. La geografia, la storia, l'arte e la letteratura. Cagliari: Edizioni Della Torre. p. 95. 13366:. Vol. 1. La geografia, la storia, l'arte e la letteratura. Cagliari: Edizioni Della Torre. p. 90. 13238: 13019:. Vol. 1. La geografia, la storia, l'arte e la letteratura. Cagliari: Edizioni Della Torre. p. 77. 12943: 12828: 12594:. Vol. 1. La geografia, la storia, l'arte e la letteratura. Cagliari: Edizioni Della Torre. p. 64. 12453:. Vol. 1. La geografia, la storia, l'arte e la letteratura. Cagliari: Edizioni Della Torre. p. 65. 8973: 4130: 3838: 3614: 396: 23532: 23522: 21361: 21354: 21275: 19902: 18901:, Condaghes, p. 41 (Le strutture linguistiche comuni del sardo. Sintassi, pp. 42–51; Morfologia, pp. 51–55) 13276:– Marcel Farinelli, Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Institut Universitari d'Història Jaume Vicens i Vives, p. 285 13167: 12155: 11529: 7520: 4663: 4474: 4446: 4341: 3894: 3214: 2848: 2562: 776: 22918: 22321: 19807: 12359: 9285: 4969: 3855: 3273: 3065:, which had been monitoring Febres' activity, decided that his work would not be allowed to be published: 2826: 1294: 1280: 1274: 1268: 1262: 1218: 1202: 1184: 23537: 23512: 23359: 22797: 21766: 21695: 21344: 19957: 19623: 13883:. Vol. 2. La cultura popolare, l'economia, l'autonomia. Cagliari: Edizioni Della Torre. p. 175. 12871: 12416: 11971: 11220:, Rivista dell'Istituto di storia dell'Europa mediterranea, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, n°4, 2010 8753: 8427: 8171: 7791: 6630:("Already told I have you that is she the boss", that is "I've already told you that it's her the boss"). 4686: 4631: 4235: 3480: 3387: 3242: 3066: 2885: 1886: 1802: 339: 19467: 19448: 19114: 18261: 17701: 17056: 8507: 4109: 3378:("Devils"), which would be written in 1994 by Luciano Sechi; its title derives from the German-language 3152:: "Sardinia will be Piedmont, it will be Italy; it will receive and give us lustre, wealth and power!". 2943:; a popular assertion by the officer Giulio Bechi, who would participate in a military campaign against 680:, when Sardinian was officially employed in accordance with documentary testimonies, it came during the 642: 23080: 22652: 22087: 21645: 21581: 21305: 20744: 20333: 17339:"Un docente giapponese in pensione ha scritto il vocabolario sardo-italiano-giapponese | Vistanet" 13274: 13273: 12918:. Cagliari. p. Premessa, 18; Postcolonial Sardinia, 65; Mondi post, informatica ed esclusione, 21. 12800: 10667: 8610: 8143: 4702: 4583: 4438: 4334: 4327: 3976: 3219: 2940: 2936: 2855: 1256:(Rohlfs), with a closer relationship to Basque (Wagner and Hubschmid). However, these early links to a 210: 19979: 19214: 19014:"Arrègulas po ortografia, fonètica, morfologia e fueddàriu de sa Norma Campidanesa de sa Lìngua Sarda" 16683: 12046: 11628: 8782:"Arrègulas po ortografia, fonètica, morfologia e fueddàriu de sa norma campidanesa de sa lìngua sarda" 8781: 8697: 4238: 1608: 1400: 1318:) have also been noted as Paleo-Sardinian elements (Terracini, Ribezzo, Wagner, Hubschmid and Faust). 850: 22667: 22579: 22188: 22029: 21744: 21673: 21655: 21638: 21633: 21623: 20557: 20066: 19944: 19940: 19914: 19894: 19884: 16524: 11318:. Paraphrase and notes by Sergio Cecchin. Opere minori di Dante Alighieri, vol. II, UTET, Torino 1986 8262: 4784: 4780: 4740: 4388: 4000: 3434: 3198: 2465: 2304:), as well as a widespread impatience with the foreign importation of a feudal regime, specifically " 2197: 195: 19138: 18953: 17942: 16249: 14731: 14444: 11696: 9116: 8823: 7519: 4071: 2690: 23372: 23276: 22149: 22097: 21876: 21824: 20823: 20814: 20219: 19740: 19736: 19720: 8138: 8072: 7661:, "school"). An east-west strip of villages in central Sardinia, mainly in the central part of the 4640: 4395: 3437:, Sardinian autonomism re-emerged as an expression of the fighters' movement, coagulating into the 3309: 2919:("to introduce an unknown language through a known one ") method as the best course of action for 2686: 2334: 1159:. Although Pittau suggests that the Tirrenii landed in Sardinia and the Etruscans landed in modern 1074: 1060: 1015: 856: 800: 634: 454: 20: 21253: 19858: 19802: 19794: 19063: 18427: 17751: 15940: 15437: 12529:. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto Jerónimo Zurita. p. 128. 6603:("Not of brothers, they seem enemies": that is, "Far from being brothers, they are like enemies"). 3468:) Poddighe, fell into a severe depression and took his own life a few years after his masterwork ( 2975: 2597: 867:. These etyma might refer to an early Mediterranean substratum, which reveal close relations with 22740: 22331: 22285: 22166: 22139: 22078: 22015: 21961: 21668: 21628: 20983: 20968: 20754: 20662: 20519: 20396: 20199: 18927: 18009: 17812:"Lingua Sarda: il Consiglio d'Europa indaga lo Stato Italiano. Ne parliamo con Giuseppe Corongiu" 14395: 14212: 11809: 11746: 10791: 10127: 4381: 4374: 4358: 4063: 3916: 3659: 2580:" ("they speak Catalan very well, as though I was in Catalonia"); Anselm Adorno, originally from 2527:" from the post-Tridentine period is dated 1695, at the foot of the synodal constitutions of the 2441: 2396: 2349:", should be considered "neither triumph nor defeat, but the painful birth of today's Sardinia". 1625: 1413: 1144: 987: 979: 796: 789: 185: 66: 58: 22336: 18175:. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: University of Hamburg. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 241. 18109:. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: University of Hamburg. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 241. 16705: 15665:"L'Ue richiama l'Italia: non ha ancora firmato la Carta di tutela – Cronaca – Messaggero Veneto" 15343:. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: University of Hamburg. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 238. 15168:. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: University of Hamburg. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 239. 9280: 9041:. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: University of Hamburg. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 238. 6822: 3166:("Holy Discourses in Sardinian language"), wherein the author lamented the fact that Sardinia, " 2800: 2425:("he does not know Catalan") to indicate a person who could not express themselves "correctly". 1885: 1648:("Africans") to emphasize Roman superiority over a population mocked as the refuse of Carthage. 1576:, while proceeding northwards the influence is more limited to place names, such as the town of 878: 23458: 22674: 22092: 22038: 21690: 21238: 21109: 21026: 20941: 20749: 20459: 19219: 13472:"Ortographia Sarda Nationale o siat Grammatica de sa limba logudoresa cumparada cum s'italiana" 11599: 11491: 10668: 10029: 4296: 4239: 4131: 4075: 3632: 3438: 3317: 2958: 2342: 2204:. Other documents are the 1080 "Logudorese Privilege", the 1089 Torchitorius' Donation (in the 1990: 1912: 1890: 1392: 963: 633: 252: 42: 17410:"The internet as a Rescue Tool of Endangered Languages: Sardinian – Free University of Berlin" 17371: 16297:"Cagliari, promosso a pieni voti il tredicenne che ha dato l'esame in sardo – Sardiniapost.it" 16095: 16088: 15625: 14237: 10415:"E viceversa gli scrittori romani giudicavano la Sardegna una terra malsana, dove dominava la 9915: 8042:). The new experimental standard proposal, published in 2006, was characterised by taking the 3322: 2906: 1989: 23490: 23435: 23241: 23236: 22889: 22867: 22758: 22686: 22509: 22171: 21934: 21437: 21399: 21384: 21172: 21021: 20525: 20368: 20165: 17030:"Nono, gasi no andat bene. Su CSU e sa proposta de lege pro sa limba sarda – Limba Sarda 2.0" 14931: 14614: 14517: 13508: 12428: 12060: 10390: 10104: 8022: 7539:), and the dialects spoken in South-Central Sardinia, centered on another orthography called 7528: 7511: 4964: 4544: 4512: 4505: 4189: 4020: 3707: 3624: 3383: 3093: 3078: 2962: 2931: 2546:, had previously claimed in 1557 that, although Catalan had carved out a place for itself as 2185: 2069: 2045: 2022: 1958: 760: 615: 290: 23154: 22122: 20491: 19855:– Sardinian version of the official cultural site from the Regional Sardinia administration. 19728: 17702:"Question for written answer E-005984-17 to the Commission, Rule 130, Renato Soru (S&D)" 14180: 12400: 11313: 10549: 8468: 8398:), alcuni dei quali privi di dignità È necessario inoltre scemare l'uso del dialetto sardo 4201: 3668: 2804: 1370: 747: 23440: 23214: 22830: 22803: 22729: 22589: 22388: 22316: 22268: 22262: 22225: 22208: 21376: 21339: 21334: 21295: 21016: 20993: 20764: 20624: 20578: 20319: 15717: 14102: 12541: 12214: 10057: 8440: 7686: 7662: 6516: 4728: 4523: 4410: 4079: 3681: 3520: 3169: 2976: 2924: 2792:) in 1627, was the first author to claim that Sardinian was the closest living relative of 2212: 2193: 1962: 1913: 1728: 1439: 1064: 596: 279: 23224: 22637: 21705: 20918: 20910: 20431: 20018: 20002: 12543: 7713: 2659: 764: 8: 22925: 22817: 22785: 22779: 22400: 22360: 22326: 22154: 21918: 21512: 21415: 21349: 21326: 21300: 20963: 20924: 20668: 20314: 20147: 20122: 15557:"La lingua sarda al cinema. Un'introduzione. Di Antioco Floris e Salvatore Pinna – UniCa" 10971: 8153: 7724: 7540: 7506: 6930: 4748: 4291: 4255: 4166: 4119: 4115: 3992: 3953: 3926: 3615: 3140: 2293: 2267: 2154: 1982: 1966: 1827: 1771: 1732: 1624: 1529: 1257: 1008: 975: 860: 832: 735: 685: 673: 665: 567: 54: 23188: 22621: 22296: 22230: 21098: 20645: 20423: 19238: 17996: 16155: 15354: 14844: 14313: 12886: 11001: 10986: 3175: 1683:(a term meaning "Land of the Barbarians", similar in origin to the now antiquated word " 1030: 23159: 23015: 22973: 22939: 22933: 22823: 22766: 22723: 22706: 22444: 22437: 22273: 22061: 22002: 21858: 21846: 21725: 21663: 21527: 21522: 21507: 21280: 20950: 20759: 20709: 20283: 20101: 19987: 19681: 19671: 19661: 19119: 17443: 16489:"Col costume sardo all'esame di maturità discute la tesina in "limba", Casteddu Online" 12923: 12490: 11398: 10576: 10530: 10252: 10227: 10073: 9597: 9388:, would be officially recognized by the Parliament with the passing of Law 482 in 1999. 8950: 8176: 8159: 8149: 8133: 8085: 8038: 8017: 7988: 7736: 7732: 7727:) considered characteristic for two different, albeit very closely related, languages. 7532: 7502: 6819: 4286: 3834: 3453: 3342: 3129: 2944: 2520: 2461: 2457: 2263: 2241: 2121: 2113: 2012: 1521: 1131: 1081: 983: 969: 875: 781: 654: 584: 555: 352: 273: 127: 62: 48: 23208: 21700: 19380: 15962: 14476: 11910: 11295: 10612: 9678: 6831: 2444:. Fara, in the same first modern monograph dedicated to Sardinia, reported the lively 446: 23517: 23387: 23366: 23286: 23246: 23105: 23033: 23027: 22951: 22843: 22753: 22694: 22606: 22564: 22365: 22311: 22117: 22102: 22073: 22056: 21966: 21929: 21898: 21886: 21805: 21793: 21710: 21685: 21679: 21604: 21573: 21564: 21546: 21539: 21425: 21290: 21231: 21103: 21093: 21085: 21011: 20901: 20831: 20800: 20787: 20778: 20723: 20717: 20702: 20548: 20486: 20468: 20374: 20350: 20273: 20246: 20232: 20204: 20155: 20132: 20022: 20010: 20006: 19816: 19453: 19123: 18880: 18870: 18815: 18791: 18781: 18451: 18431: 18340: 18330: 18300: 18290: 18210: 17926: 16424:"In sardo all'esame di maturità. La scelta di Lia Obinu al liceo scientifico di Bosa" 16099: 15841:"The Sardinian professor fighting to save Gaelic – and all Europe's minority tongues" 15824: 15804: 15786: 15696: 15406: 15260: 14847: 14296: 13823: 13256: 11832: 11726: 11701: 11471: 11255: 11158: 11133: 10550: 10396: 10309: 10280: 10257: 10148: 9954: 9923: 9641: 9484: 9385: 9354: 9091: 8878: 8521: 8462: 8233: 8167: 8163: 7799: 7783: 7761: 7666: 7552: 6937: 6896: 4788: 4752: 4534: 4467: 4367: 4301: 4138: 4099: 3859: 3851: 3839: 3708: 3677: 3664: 3279: 3074: 2844: 2840: 2839: 2678: 2619:) as the Spanish, French and Italian poets had already done for their own languages ( 2430: 2338: 2131: 1974: 1894: 1453: 1449: 1401: 1249: 1132: 1023: 840: 824: 815: 807: 792: 697: 607: 205: 23229: 22198: 22176: 20571: 20532: 20382: 19840: 19773: 16843:"Sardinia's parties strike deal to introduce Sardinian language teaching in schools" 16741: 15388: 13771: 11940: 11249: 8005: 4951: 4102: 1260: 496: 23340: 23330: 23315: 23303: 23219: 23168: 23132: 23110: 23097: 23091: 23020: 23009: 22913: 22878: 22862: 22711: 22699: 22632: 22596: 22584: 22552: 22477: 22449: 22422: 22252: 22247: 22235: 22215: 22203: 22144: 22051: 22008: 21949: 21944: 21939: 21903: 21834: 21818: 21715: 21534: 21497: 21457: 21420: 20842: 20696: 20638: 20617: 20601: 20594: 20585: 20511: 20360: 20342: 20252: 20186: 20180: 20170: 20083: 20075: 20050: 20038: 19823: 19109: 19101: 18675: 18423: 17368:"Lingue di minoranza e scuola, Carta Generale. Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione" 16465:[Maturity in Orgosolo: student-poet in Sardinian costume, essay in limba]. 16065: 15319: 15283: 15066: 14995: 14975: 14688:"Schedati tutti gli insegnanti che vogliono portare la lingua sarda nelle scuole". 14586: 11721: 10247: 10239: 9589: 9464: 9459: 9447: 8670: 8125: 8091: 7780: 7720: 7716: 6918: 6770:("You're so well educated!", that is, "You are so ignorant and full of yourself!"). 4823: 4744: 4281: 4276: 4028: 3984: 3867: 3847: 3722: 3503: 3442: 3399: 3238: 3052: 2910: 2610: 2388: 2160: 2077: 1970: 1898: 1831: 1767: 1493: 1461: 1409: 1378: 1306:/, widely used in Iberia and possibly of Celtic origin, and the ethnic suffix in -/ 1285: 1136: 1039: 1027: 932: 828: 681: 658: 650: 626: 190: 23115: 23065: 19245: 18492: 17510:, edited by Stephen Barbour and Cathie Carmichael, Oxford University Press, p. 178 10439: 8341: 6850: 4185: 4134:, although such a course had been already available in other universities abroad. 1889:, former Byzantine districts that became independent political entities after the 23424: 23410: 23291: 23193: 23183: 23127: 22978: 22966: 22906: 22901: 22716: 22645: 22627: 22601: 22574: 22504: 22461: 22373: 22354: 22306: 22193: 22159: 22112: 22107: 21829: 21761: 21733: 21177: 21158: 21128: 21076: 21057: 20973: 20849: 20675: 20564: 20481: 20476: 20436: 20405: 20042: 19934: 19918: 19906: 19873: 19852: 19788: 19628: 19618: 19359: 18709: 18411: 16914:"Sardegna, sì alla legge per la tutela della lingua: sarà insegnata nelle scuole" 16787:"Firefox parla in sardo: la missione di Sardware per diffondere la limba sul web" 16445:"Studente sostiene l'esame di terza media su Grazia Deledda interamente in sardo" 15811: 14410:, in cui non-esiste continuità di pratiche, di attori, né esistono forme miste." 13704: 13617: 13600: 13583: 13209: 12256: 12131: 11857: 11827: 11596: 11127: 10041: 9635: 9168: 8486: 8405: 7807: 7776: 7602: 7586: 7524: 6847: 4827: 4648: 4499: 4307: 4197: 4095: 3449: 3426: 3391: 3367: 3363: 3293: 3284: 3250: 3021: 2995: 2860: 2793: 2445: 2283: 2279: 2040: 1501: 1470: 1417: 1384: 1167: 1140: 1043: 1019: 890: 868: 646: 177: 22427: 21452: 19803: 18754: 17409: 16326:"Eleonora d'Arborea in sardo? La prof. "continentale" dice no – Sardiniapost.it" 15492:, vol. 3, a cura di Giorgia Ingrassia e Eduardo Blasco Ferrer, CUEC, pp. 227–230 14089: 13543: 13305:"Febrés, la prima grammatica sul sardo. A lezione di limba dal gesuita catalano" 12821: 11814: 11796: 11683: 10810: 10796: 8696:. Regione autonoma della Sardegna – Regione Autònoma de Sardigna. Archived from 3901: 2812:), wherein a total of 39 gravestones have writings in Sardinian and 3 in Italian 1679:, the mountainous central region of the island, derives its name from the Latin 23475: 23382: 23377: 23298: 23178: 23140: 22872: 22432: 22378: 22348: 22240: 21924: 21852: 21798: 21164: 21040: 21003: 20988: 20836: 20795: 20631: 20137: 20127: 20093: 20034: 19845: 19835: 19314: 16598:"Facebook in sardo: è possibile ottenerlo se noi tutti compiliamo la richiesta" 13911: 12698: 12273: 10443:, ed. Cornelia Stroh (Bochum: Universitätsverlag Dr. N. Brockmeyer, 2012), 183. 8938: 8551: 8208: 8200: 8033: 8029: 6552: 4830: 4671: 4193: 4154: 4087: 3941: 3863: 3843: 3714: 3539: 3498: 3206: 3149: 3117: 3103: 2920: 2874: 2870: 2865: 2830: 2667: 2357: 2275: 2201: 2137: 1854: 1629: 1621: 1613: 1166: 864: 846: 743: 638: 630: 22521: 19778: 15646: 13798:"Sardinia, History, People and Points of Interest. Sardinia in a united Italy" 11951:"Ciurrata di la linga gadduresa, Atti del II Convegno Internazionale di Studi" 10824:"Un'inedita carta sardo-greca del XII secolo nell'Archivio Capitolare di Pisa" 10243: 9860:"grasshopper", etc.) but even to other words beyond that semantic field (e.g. 1289: 1069: 750:, which may come to wholly supplant the islanders' once living native tongue. 19: 23506: 23417: 23320: 23308: 23040: 22748: 22405: 22343: 21839: 21133: 21062: 21049: 20978: 20856: 20413: 20030: 20014: 19212: 18884: 18795: 18344: 18304: 18203:"Medieval Sardinian: New evidence for syntactic change from Latin to Romance" 17889: 17874: 17649: 16815: 15766:"La situazione sociolinguistica della Sardegna settentrionale di Mauro Maxia" 15693: 11575: 11293:"Dante, for instance, said that Sardinians were like monkeys imitating men." 10129:, Pisa, Giardini editori e stampatori, p. 29: "Origine e carattere dei Sardi" 8378: 7681:(the waters). The dialects centered on the Campidanese model, spreading from 4613: 4424: 4320: 3957: 3762: 3403: 3193: 3004: 2682: 2184:. The first document containing Sardinian elements is a 1063 donation to the 1986: 1878: 1839: 1374: 1179: 1118: 906: 883: 710: 19633: 19613: 19585: 19486: 19053:"Monitoraggio sull'utilizzo sperimentale della Limba Sarda Comuna 2007–2013" 18185: 18154: 18089: 18069: 18018: 17488:"Lingua Sarda: La figuraccia di Mastino, rettore dell'Università di Sassari" 16932:"Sardegna, approvata la legge che dà lo status ufficiale di lingua al sardo" 15461: 15133: 14897: 14867: 14744: 14343: 13706: 13067: 12783: 12767: 12751: 12711: 12574: 12559: 12509: 12306:"Vicenç Bacallar, el sard botifler als orígens de la Real Academia Española" 12004: 10672: 9743: 4214:) which in its lowest diastratic forms is, oftentimes derisively, nicknamed 4105: 3299:Über die sogennannten unregelmässigen Zeitwörter in den romanischen Sprachen 2991: 2296:, in which the Sardinian language was to play the role of an ethnic marker. 2240:, was published anonymously in the 13th century, relating the events of the 2094:"); the Tuscan poet Fazio degli Uberti refers to the Sardinians in his poem 23199: 23059: 22499: 22454: 21183: 20958: 20886: 20160: 19500: 19190: 17650:"Niente messa in limba, lettera al vescovo: "Perché non parlare in sardo?"" 16968:"Manca, 5Stelle, denuncia: 100 docenti di lingua sarda rischiano il lavoro" 16889:"Lingua sarda, dalla Regione 3 milioni di euro per insegnarla nelle scuole" 16463:"La maturità ad Orgosolo: studente-poeta in costume sardo, tesina in limba" 15590:, vol. 3, a cura di Giorgia Ingrassia e Eduardo Blasco Ferrer, CUEC, p. 226 10261: 8111: 7751: 7709: 3917: 3871: 3685: 3587: 3554: 3546: 3516: 3407: 3395: 3382:("red devils"), by which they were popularly known among the troops of the 3353: 3246: 3233: 2744: 2640: 1708: 1404:, for instance, suggests a link between the northernmost Sardinian region ( 1031: 894: 819: 661: 247: 19879: 17858:"Sulla lingua sarda uno stato fuorilegge e inadempiente, Francesco Casula" 17826:"Il Consiglio d'Europa: "Lingua sarda discriminata, norme non rispettate"" 16842: 15735:"Il sardo è un dialetto. Campagna di boicottaggio contro l'editore Giunti" 13397:"Geostorica sarda. Produzione letteraria nella e nelle lingue di Sardegna" 12199: 9808: 2370:, were and would have been systematically neutralised. From that moment, " 2103: 1815: 429: 422: 413: 23261: 23254: 22991: 22557: 21191: 20054: 19885: 19866: 19496: 19186: 18359: 16377:"Quartu, esame di terza media in campidanese:studenti premiati in Comune" 13690: 13211: 12994: 10598:"From Latin to the Romance languages: A normal evolution to what extent?" 10138: 10078: 9309: 9295: 9012: 7998: 6761: 4625: 4608: 4558: 4228: 4143: 4122: 4008: 3966: 3961: 3882: 3700: 3689: 3550: 3349: 3125: 3025: 2452: 2213: 1917: 1909: 1572:) are commonly used, especially in the modern Sardinian varieties of the 1148: 1097: 669: 22526: 19515: 19105: 18702: 18626: 18413:"Sardinian intonational phonology: Logudorese and Campidanese varieties" 17625:"On Why I Translated Zakaria Tamer's Stories from Arabic into Sardinian" 12662: 10821: 7585:) being deemed the most conservative of all. They have all retained the 6597:("not of water brandy it+is": that is, "It is not water, but brandy."); 4149: 3448: 788: 469: 22569: 22539: 22531: 22487: 22482: 22132: 21891: 21551: 20501: 20238: 19799:. Automatic translation software from Italian and Catalan to Sardinian. 19536: 17599:"Bill excluding Sardinian, Friulian from RAI broadcasts sparks protest" 17249:"In città il professore giapponese che insegna la lingua sarda a Tokio" 17179:"DA MOGORO ALL'ISLANDA PER INSEGNARE IL SARDO: "COSÌ PROMUOVO L'ISOLA"" 14271: 13160:"Sardegna Cultura – Lingua sarda – Letteratura – Dalle origini al '700" 12148:"Sardegna Cultura – Lingua sarda – Letteratura – Dalle origini al '700" 11614: 10858: 10778: 8636: 8247: 7795: 7694: 6882: 4736: 4694: 4618: 4040: 4032: 3886: 3695: 2087: 2066: 2050: 1866: 1481: 1457: 1089: 727: 611: 158: 19319: 19167: 18476:Ètude de géographie phonétique et de phonétique instrumentale du sarde 16224: 15031: 12098: 11973: 11663: 10441: 9601: 7527:'s description in the 18th century, Sardinian has been presented as a 3213: 2994:, depicts the island's linguistic pluralism in 1776, and referring to 2600: 2552:, in many parts of the island the "ancient language of the Kingdom" (" 2477: 795:, as well as one of the most highly individual within the family; its 23335: 23173: 22515: 21810: 21467: 20278: 19772: 18913: 18778: 17135:"30 e lode in lingua sarda per gli studenti tedeschi, La Donna Sarda" 15889: 14763: 14085: 13539: 12242: 11196: 10144: 9848: 9443: 8556: 7803: 6870: 6689:("What beautiful that (you) are!", that is "How beautiful you are!"). 4418: 3980: 3972: 3910: 3906: 3651: 3412: 3313: 2881: 2636: 2259: 2227: 2205: 2188: 1927: 1696: 1577: 1573: 1445: 1212: 1207: 1156: 1035: 922: 811: 689: 677: 533: 439: 406: 388: 370: 242: 22961: 19808: 19309: 18647:Проблема "язык или диалект" и попытка лексикостатистического подхода 18645: 18264: 18230: 17004:"Proposta de lege pro su sardu, non bi semus. Ite nde pensat su CSU" 16051:"L'uso della lingua italiana, dei dialetti e delle lingue straniere" 14606: 14509: 14167: 13396: 12289: 9951:"Minoranze linguistiche, Sardo. Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione" 9150: 4234: 3406:, native Sardinians were offered the opportunity to be recruited as 2254: 1873: 23120: 22956: 22772: 22220: 22068: 21472: 21462: 21261: 21256: 20608: 19739: 18973: 18170: 18104: 16200:"Il consiglio regionale si sveglia sulla tutela della lingua sarda" 16037:"In famiglia si riparla il sardo, i figli lo insegnano ai genitori" 15478: 15338: 15163: 13032: 12483: 10812:, in "Bibliothèque de l' École des chartes", 35 (1874), pp. 255–265 10352: 9593: 9036: 8983: 8212: 8119: 7690: 7682: 7598: 7556: 4260: 4161: 4055: 4016: 3946: 3508: 3356: 3326: 3237: 3197:, was abolished and replaced by the more advanced Savoyard code of 2851: 2809: 2777: 2770: 2726: 2613:, was aimed at "glorifying and enriching Sardinian, our language" ( 2577: 2395:, a city subject to Aragonese repopulation and where, according to 2392: 2384: 2320:" ("as many petty rulers as there are villages"), whereas instead " 2247: 1946: 1942: 1858: 1850: 1835: 1812: 1781: 1724: 1676: 1565: 1425: 1388: 1224: 1182: 1111: 914: 879: 768: 619: 602: 573: 508: 326: 148: 23325: 21317: 19522: 19479: 19304:. 2 vols. Dolianova: Grafia del Parteolla. ISBN 978-88-96778-61-6. 17688: 17444:"Team | Institut für Linguistik | Universität Stuttgart" 16119: 15873: 14829: 14430: 14414: 13912: 13415: 13133:. Vol. 104. Edizioni scientifiche italiane. 1992. p. 55. 12916: 12527: 11859: 8671:"Norme in materia di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche storiche" 6721:+ subjunctive as a way to express a (malevolent) wish on someone: 6555:, with the interrogative marker remaining in underlying position: 4098: 3135: 2765:, among which the Sardinians were fully considered and counted as 22944: 22809: 22547: 21971: 21956: 21138: 20654: 20209: 20194: 19333: 18039:"Un programma sperimentale di educazione linguistica in Sardegna" 16174:"Università contro spending review "Viene discriminato il sardo"" 15904:"Un programma sperimentale di educazione linguistica in Sardegna" 14464: 14070: 13676: 13658: 13346: 13284: 13282: 13055: 11334: 11113: 10013: 9238:"Un programma sperimentale di educazione linguistica in Sardegna" 9205:"Un programma sperimentale di educazione linguistica in Sardegna" 8725:. Regione autonoma della Sardegna – Regione Autònoma de Sardigna. 8688: 8686: 8684: 8290: 7787: 7765: 7757: 7728: 4314: 4083: 4036: 3996: 3756: 3628: 3157: 3017: 2805: 2673: 2632: 2426: 2412: 2361: 2353: 2165: 2143: 2130:("The book of pleasant journeys into faraway lands" or, simply, " 2117: 2091: 1820: 1807: 1763: 1684: 1660: 1633: 1421: 1405: 1253: 1160: 1093: 886: 547: 504: 17843: 17720:, DLDP Sardinian Report, the Digital Language Diversity Project" 17197:"Studenti cechi imparano il sardo – Cronaca – la Nuova Sardegna" 16034: 16022:"Ai docenti di sardo lezioni in italiano, Sardegna 24 – Cultura" 14812: 13897: 13564:. Vol. 2. Cagliari: Edizioni Della Torre. pp. 173–174. 11911:"Why is Catalan spoken in L'Alguer? – Corpus Oral de l'Alguerès" 11537: 11364:"La casa del signore. La lingua sarda nel De vulgari eloquentia" 10208:"Il genetista conferma le origini comuni tra i sardi e i baschi" 9809:"Massimo Pittau – La lingua dei Sardi Nuragici e degli Etruschi" 6534:("Understood me you have", that is, "Have you understood me?"), 2352: 2200: 874: 23146: 22492: 22415: 22395: 22127: 20496: 19899: 19876:– Contains many links and other information about the language. 19651:. Selargius: Domus de Janas. ISBN 88-88569-61-8. OCLC 77504100. 18410: 17772: 17668:"Messa vietata in sardo: lettera aperta all'arcivescovo Miglio" 17573:"No al sardo in Rai, Pigliaru: "Discriminazione inaccettabile"" 17354: 17057:"Nono a sa lege chi cheret truncare su sardu – Limba Sarda 2.0" 16634:"Via alle traduzioni, Facebook in sardo sarà presto una realtà" 14328: 14020:"Gramsci, la Sardegna, la lingua sarda, le tradizioni popolari" 12738: 12639:. Vol. I. Cagliari: Tip. Mercantile G. Doglio. p. 87. 12196: 10354: 9074: 8717: 8715: 8633: 8215: 8073: 4004: 3922: 3371: 3338: 2759: 2585: 2536: 2416: 2341: 1637: 1597: 1593: 1396: 1171: 1152: 1122: 1092:, is reportedly either associated with or originating from the 772: 731: 19328:. Cagliari: Condaghes. ISBN 978-88-7356-214-6. OCLC 856863696. 18910: 18741: 17909: 17552:"- Institut für Linguistik/Romanistik – Universität Stuttgart" 16986:"Niente lingua sarda a scuola, la legge regionale è inattuata" 15886: 14760: 14511:, Dolianova, Stampa Grafica del Parteolla, 2008, pp. 116, 134" 13279: 12680: 12080: 10953: 8681: 3932: 3836: 2286:. Thus began a long war between the latter and, to the cry of 22410: 22383: 19982: 19880: 19307: 18650:[Language vs. dialect: A lexicostatistic approach]. 18538:"Una lingua unitaria che non ha bisogno di standardizzazioni" 18376: 15300: 15239: 15223: 15207: 15113: 15098: 15047: 14366: 14040: 13744: 12180: 11450: 9403:. The Hague, Paris, New York: Mouton Publishers. p. 171. 9398: 8943:"Un po' di sardo" in Archeografo triestino, vol. I, serie III 8446: 7561: 4024: 3730: 3062: 2696: 2581: 2209: 2037:("The people's rule is equal to the Sardinians' own force"). 1786: 1688: 1671: 1665: 1656: 1585: 1114: 1105: 318: 200: 138: 18231:"Verb-initial orders in Old Romance: A comparative Account." 18188: 18157: 18092: 18072: 18021: 16724:"La limba nel cielo: le costellazioni ribattezzate in sardo" 16398:"Studentessa dialoga in sardo con il presidente dei docenti" 15963:"Una breve introduzione alla "Questione della lingua sarda"" 15503:"Stranos Elementos, musica per dare voce al disagio sociale" 15464: 15136: 14932:"New research shows strong support for Sardinian – Eurolang" 14900: 14870: 12799: 12786: 12770: 12754: 12714: 12562: 12007: 10675: 8898: 8712: 7747: 4822:(Campidanese). At present, such articles are only common in 4200: 2603:, written by Antòni Canu (1400–1476) and published in 1557. 2574:, reported in the mid-seventeenth century that in Sardinia " 2387: 19890: 19863:. Automatic translation software from Italian to Sardinian. 19434: 19229: 19224: 14368:. Vol. 1. Cagliari: Edizioni Della Torre. p. 132. 14042:. Vol. 1. Cagliari: Edizioni Della Torre. p. 132. 13868:. Vol. 2. Cagliari: Edizioni Della Torre. p. 115. 13850:. Vol. 2. Cagliari: Edizioni Della Torre. p. 114. 12034: 12021: 11766: 9787: 9775: 8374: 8203:(498–514 C.E.), a Sardinian by birth, described himself as 6810: 6525:("That song I have sung": that is, "I've sung that song"). 4091: 4012: 3073: 3048: 1549: 19564: 19455: 18992:"Sì alla lingua sarda standard, ma con questi emendamenti" 18836:"Regole Ortografiche – Premio Ozieri di Letteratura Sarda" 16120:"L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde: page d'accueil" 16066:"Sardinien: Ferienparadies oder stiller Tod eines Volkes?" 15374: 14543:"Strumenti giuridici per la promozione della lingua sarda" 13502:"Il presente lavoro però restringesi propriamente al solo 12805: 11597: 10637: 10224: 9337: 9321: 8901: 8344: 7597:, "supper"), the front middle vowels (compare Campidanese 6561:("They arrived when?", that is, "when did they arrive?"), 2789: 507: 19911: 19094: 18186: 18155: 18090: 18070: 18019: 15462: 15134: 14958: 14898: 14868: 14745: 14660:. Vol. 2. Edizioni Della Torre. pp. 34–35, 177. 14658: 14450: 14344: 13866: 13848: 13562: 13068: 12784: 12768: 12752: 12712: 12575: 12560: 12510: 12261:. Vol. 2. Londra: Henrique Chapel. pp. 141–144. 12254: 12142: 12140: 12005: 11584:. Cagliari: Editrice democratica sarda. pp. 17, 162. 10673: 9828: 9744: 9552: 7723: 2880: 2081: 1248:- found a correspondence in north Africa (Terracini), in 676:; then, after a significant period of self-rule with the 19836: 19550: 18810: 17299:"Il professore giapponese che insegna il sardo ai sardi" 17109:"Su tribunale de Aristanis immoe faeddat in limba sarda" 16648:"Ora Facebook parla sardo, successo per la App in limba" 15401: 15390:, Edizioni di Iniziative culturali, Sassari, pp. 166–174 15255: 14608:, Dolianova, Stampa Grafica del Parteolla, 2008, p. 118" 10941: 9892: 9748:. Vol. II. Cambridge University Press. p. 301. 9712:"minoranze linguistiche in "Enciclopedia dell'Italiano"" 9055: 9025: 4718: 2783: 2337: 2324:" ("the Sardinians believed they had one single king"). 19156: 18974:"Proposte di Miglioramento dello Standard Sardo L.S.C." 18514:), ma soprattutto della popolarizzazione, condotta dai 18209:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 303–324. 18173: 18107: 16572:"Su Google Maps spariscono i nomi delle città in sardo" 15480:. Modern Italy, 25(2), 199–212. doi:10.1017/mit.2019.65 15341: 15166: 14005: 13072:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 302. 11855: 11826: 11793: 11720: 11695: 11685:. Cagliari: Editrice Democratica Sarda. pp. 56–57. 11680: 11080: 11046: 10998: 10983: 10886: 10870: 10790: 10755: 10715: 10700: 10520: 10369:, ed. Paolo Filigheddu (Cagliari: Corda, 1994), 213–19. 10337: 9661: 9505: 9039: 8654:. Novara: Istituto Geografico De Agostini. p. 230. 8554: 7641: 6695: 2031:("Barison, by the grace of God, King of Sardinia") and 1228:) as a unique element of Paleo-Sardinian. Suffixes in / 1147:) as a consequence of contact with Etruscans and other 21603: 19641: 18406: 18404: 18233: 15325:. Rende: Edizioni Fondazione Sardinia. pp. 21–44. 15289:. Rende: Edizioni Fondazione Sardinia. pp. 14–16. 15197:, Istituto Superiore Regionale Etnografico, Nuoro, p.3 15072:. Rende: Edizioni Fondazione Sardinia. pp. 12–13. 13330: 13257:"Ichnussa – la biblioteca digitale della poesia sarda" 12137: 11579: 11468: 11067: 11034: 9523: 9504: 8079: 7515: 3394:-speaking service members in the United States during 3092: 2816: 2652:, the Sardinian attorney Sigismondo Arquer, author of 17754: 17325: 14914:"Regional Identity in Contemporary Sardinian Writing" 13619: 13602: 13585: 11648: 11125: 9772: 9637: 9432:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2016. p. 270. 8926:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2016. p. 272. 8407: 8090: 7601:, probably from Byzantine Greek) and assimilation of 6546:("Done he/she has", that is "He/She's done it"), etc. 4803:. However, Sardinian may also change the final vowel. 3302:, Berlin, 1840) and, later, in the second edition of 1961:, it was in the wake of the fall of the Judicates of 16: 22295: 20876: 16950:"Lingua sarda: quest'anno niente corsi nelle scuole" 15315: 15279: 15062: 14991: 14971: 14776: 14705:"Lingua sarda: dall'interramento alla resurrezione?" 14582: 14104:, in: Studies on National Movements, 2 (2014), p. 15 13841: 13839: 13615: 13598: 13581: 12387: 11897: 11155: 11013: 9894:. Pergine Valsugana : Comune. pp. 195–196. 9889: 9762:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2016. p. 65. 9537: 9185:. Trento: Provincia Autonoma di Trento. p. 122. 9052: 8797: 8768: 8529: 8403: 8302: 8101: 7712:, similarly to the 85–88% number of matches between 3527: 3362:) to enlist as Italian subjects and established the 2635:(a city he remembered fondly) who spent his life in 2025: 1128:("Sardinian Father" or "Father of the Sardinians"). 474: 19571: 19171: 18809: 18401: 18137:"Il bilinguismo perfetto è ancora solo un miraggio" 15715: 15400: 15254: 14642:, in Luigi Berlinguer, Luigi e Mattone, Antonello. 14002: 12991: 12634: 12619: 11816:. Cagliari: Editrice Democratica Sarda. p. 28. 11798:. Cagliari: Editrice Democratica Sarda. p. 29. 11763: 8811: 8809: 7743: 6698:("That Greek dictionary is bigger than Efisio's"), 6540:("Eaten he/she has", that is "Has he/she eaten?"), 3876: 3113: 1826:, what remained of the Byzantine possession of the 1163:, his views are not shared by most Etruscologists. 19889: 19352:Ingrassia, Giorgia; Blasco Ferrer, Eduardo. 2009. 17685: 17223:"Ecco come insegno il sardo nella Repubblica Ceca" 16507:"All'esame di terza media con una tesina in sardo" 16087: 15870: 15001:. Rende: Edizioni Fondazione Sardinia. p. 11. 14826: 14592:. Rende: Edizioni Fondazione Sardinia. p. 12. 14427: 14411: 12913: 12855:Caccia grossa. Scene e figure del banditismo sardo 12624:. Cagliari: Tip. Mercantile G. Doglio. p. 95. 11989: 11872: 11778: 11616:. Cagliari: Edizioni della Torre. pp. 30, 42. 10822:Alessandro Soddu; Paola Crasta; Giovanni Strinna. 9873: 9579: 6871:Vocabulary comparison with other Romance languages 4169:, concludes their report on Sardinian as follows: 3934:Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale 3187:In 1827, the historical legal code serving as the 2622:la Deffense et illustration de la langue françoyse 2415:, was emblematic, so much so as to later generate 2278:within the broader Mediterranean structure of the 2083:No t'entend plui d'un Todesco / Sardesco o Barbarì 1292:. According to Bertoldi, some toponyms ending in - 625:Many Romance linguists consider it, together with 19723:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines 19543:Grammatica della lingua sarda: Varietà logudorese 19385:Vocabolario moderno sardo-italiano: 8400 vocaboli 18814:. Turin, Italy: G. Giappichelli. pp. 75–76. 18562: 18392: 18036: 16544: 16138:"Scuola e minoranze linguistiche, vertice a Roma" 15901: 15148: 14981:. Rende: Edizioni Fondazione Sardinia. p. 9. 14960:. Vol. 2. Edizioni Della Torre. p. 142. 14841: 14797: 14339: 14337: 13916:. Rome: Sapienza Università Editrice. p. 49. 13892: 13890: 13859: 13857: 13836: 13647: 13207: 13190:"sardi, dialetti in "Enciclopedia dell'Italiano"" 13099: 13088:. Vol. 61. Firenze: Le Lettere. p. 398. 12817: 12677: 12663:Eduardo Blasco Ferrer, Giorgia Ingrassia (2009). 12622:Sardegna sabauda. Il regime di Vittorio Amedeo II 12384: 12099:Eduardo Blasco Ferrer; Giorgia Ingrassia (2009). 11894: 11751:Profilo storico della Sardegna catalano-aragonese 11018:. Cagliari: Edizioni della Fondazione Il nuraghe. 10652: 10452: 10184:Über die vorrömischen Bestandteile des Sardischen 9235: 9202: 9176: 9174: 8822:. Regione Autonoma della Sardegna. Archived from 8377:, would one day also become rich heritage of the 8301: 8294: 6807:("He/She injured himself/herself while working"). 3223:("the Sardinian National Anthem"), also known as 2270:: that is, of a state which, although lacking in 2086:" ("I don't understand you more than a German or 1897:had cut off any ties left between the island and 1853:was neglected and communications broke down with 1302:/ indicated an Anatolian influence. The suffix -/ 843:during a research project on the island in 1941. 293: 23504: 20909: 19782:– Curretore regionale ortogràficu sardu in lìnia 19263:La geografia, la storia, l'arte e la letteratura 19019:(in Sardinian and Italian). 2009. Archived from 18812:Regioni a statuto speciale e tutela della lingua 18289:(in Italian). Cagliari: Condaghes. p. 141. 18123:Regioni a statuto speciale e tutela della lingua 17785:Se i ragazzi non-parlano la lingua degli anziani 16009:Assessing Endangerment: Expanding Fishman's GIDS 15403:Regioni a statuto speciale e tutela della lingua 15257:Regioni a statuto speciale e tutela della lingua 14452:. Vol. 2. Edizioni Della Torre. p. 33. 14363: 14164: 14052: 14037: 14017: 13944: 13896: 13878: 13863: 13845: 13692:, Arxiu de Tradicions de l'Alguer, Cagliari, I.1 13632: 13559: 13379: 13361: 13083: 13014: 12589: 12464: 12448: 11095: 10888:Feudal Society. The Growth of Ties of Dependence 10388: 10328:Giovanni Ugas – L'alba dei Nuraghi (2005) p. 241 9991:(edit. C. F. Hermann, Lipsia 1877), 25 B, p. 368 9913: 8996: 8862: 8847: 8806: 7879:Comente nois perdonamus a sos depidores nostros. 7768:and 67.8% in the Sassarese-speaking subregion). 6840:Luchía currit prus a lestru / acoitendi de María 6551:Interrogative phrases might be constructed like 4179:Sardinian language use survey, Euromosaic report 3253:. Eventually, Sardinian came to be perceived as 2411:), for a time Catalan took over Sardinian as in 2248:Iberian period – Catalan and Castilian influence 282: 19399:Fueddàriu campidanesu de sinònimus e contràrius 18722: 18379:Bilingualism and Linguistic Conflict in Romance 18243: 17943:"Difendere l'italiano per resuscitare il sardo" 17930:Convegno dalla lingua materna al plurilinguismo 17787:, Piera Serusi. L'Unione Sarda, 8 dicembre 2017 17322: 16761:"Firefox, como su navigadore web faeddat sardu" 16320: 16318: 15828:Convegno dalla lingua materna al plurilinguismo 15303:Bilingualism and Linguistic Conflict in Romance 15242:Bilingualism and Linguistic Conflict in Romance 15226:Bilingualism and Linguistic Conflict in Romance 15210:Bilingualism and Linguistic Conflict in Romance 15153:. Vol. 2. Quartermaine House. p. 110. 15116:Bilingualism and Linguistic Conflict in Romance 15101:Bilingualism and Linguistic Conflict in Romance 15050:Bilingualism and Linguistic Conflict in Romance 14729: 13426: 12978:L'Europa del Settecento: permanenze e mutamenti 12873:. Cagliari: Edizioni della Torre. pp. 6–7. 12868: 12418:, in: Revista de filología Románica, 17, p. 178 12290:Sigismondo Arquer; Maria Teresa Laneri (2008). 12247: 12183:Bilingualism and Linguistic Conflict in Romance 12128: 12113: 12049:. Bollettino di studi sardi, anno XV n. 15/2022 11664:Antonietta Orunesu, Valentino Pusceddu (1993). 11559: 11465: 11152: 10477: 10424: 10274: 9920:Bilingualism and Linguistic Conflict in Romance 9867: 9861: 9855: 9849: 9700:. Firenze: Nuova Guaraldi Editrice. p. 89. 9695: 9549: 9369: 9358:Convegno dalla lingua materna al plurilinguismo 8750: 8334: 8309: 7925:Comente nois perdonamus a is depidores nostros. 6860: 6851: 6838: 6832: 6823: 6811: 6802: 6796: 6787: 6781: 6776: 6765: 6752: 6746: 6740: 6731: 6722: 6716: 6708: 6699: 6693: 6684: 6678: 6672: 6664: 6658: 6652: 6646: 6640: 6634: 6625: 6619: 6613: 6607: 6598: 6592: 6586: 6577: 6571: 6562: 6556: 6541: 6535: 6529: 6520: 3826: 3784: 3774: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3728: 3720: 3712: 3641: 3605: 3599: 3585: 3573: 3417: 3260: 3254: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3161: 3082: 2980: 2854:, and the following year Sardinia was ceded to 2787: 2750: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2720: 2714: 2708: 2702: 2694: 2614: 2604: 2598: 2435: 2420: 2406: 2287: 2235: 2179: 2173: 2016: 1994: 1754: 1748: 1723:in Latin), a burial monument built in Caralis ( 1216:). Rohlfs, Butler and Craddock add the suffix - 926: 589: 560: 111: 104: 19599:Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna 19137:Gobbo, Federico; Vardeu, Laura (12 May 2016). 18780:(in Italian). Sassari: Carlo Delfino editore. 18194: 17769: 17351: 16085: 15371: 14334: 14325: 14255: 14115:"Quando a scuola si insegnava la lingua sarda" 14082: 13887: 13854: 13702: 13536: 13469: 13417:, Condaghes, chpt. 1.2 "indicibile è il sardo" 13143: 13070:The Cambridge History of the Romance Languages 13010: 13008: 13006: 13004: 12975: 12692: 12271: 12081:Jordi Carbonell i de Ballester (2018). "5.2". 11890: 11888: 11886: 11884: 11753:. Cagliari: Edizioni della Torre. p. 128. 11415: 11361: 11064: 11031: 10838: 10836: 10798:. Editrice Democratica Sarda. pp. 46, 48. 10690:Svetonio, De vita Caesarum, Divus Claudius, 42 10308:] (in Hungarian). Méry Ratio. p. 63. 10190: 9746:The Cambridge History of the Romance Languages 9520: 9509:. Cagliari: Edizioni della Torre. p. 279. 9448:"A New Methodology for Romance Classification" 9171: 9153:Minority Languages in the Linguistic Landscape 9151:Durk Gorter; Heiko F. Marten; Luk Van Mensel. 9071: 8968: 8966: 8937: 8765: 8735: 7902:Comenti nosus perdonaus a is depidoris nostus. 7731:counts four Sardinian languages (Campidanese, 7621:, "cats"). Labio-velars become plain labials ( 3203:Leggi civili e criminali del Regno di Sardegna 2616:magnificare et arrichire sa limba nostra sarda 1049: 21589: 21239: 20822: 19965: 19243:Bolognesi, Roberto; Heeringa, Wilbert. 2005. 18915:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 119. 18663: 18661: 18581:Le occlusive velari davanti a vocale palatale 18422:. Oxford University Press. pp. 317–349. 18120: 18032: 18030: 17871: 17438: 17436: 16063: 15891:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 123. 15690: 15405:. Turin, Italy: G. Giappichelli. p. 72. 15259:. Turin, Italy: G. Giappichelli. p. 67. 15014: 14765:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 123. 14276:, bilingual version in Sardinian and English" 13929: 13925: 13923: 13914:Competenza comunicativa: insegnare e valutare 13817: 13028: 13026: 12727: 12085:. Publicacions de la Universitat de València. 12076: 12074: 12072: 12070: 12068: 11666:Cronaca medioevale sarda: i sovrani di Torres 11611: 11231:La scrittura in Sardegna dal nuragico ad oggi 10860:. Cagliari: Edizioni della Torre. p. 30. 10855: 10780:. Cagliari: Edizioni della Torre. p. 16. 10775: 10771: 10769: 10767: 10566: 10228:"Genomic history of the Sardinian population" 10226:Francesco; Novembre, John (14 October 2018). 10002:La Lingua dei Sardi Nuragici e degli Etruschi 9979:, Edizioni della Torre, Cagliari, pp. 398–408 9918:. In Posner, Rebecca; Green, John N. (eds.). 9564: 9275: 9273: 9271: 9269: 9267: 9265: 8490: 6663:("There is over a hundred people in here!"), 4219: 4205: 3593: 3579: 3567: 3561: 3533: 3357: 3312:, credited as one of the founders of Romance 3111: 3097: 3056: 3042: 3036: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2989: 2966: 2948: 2904: 2894: 2781: 2626: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2547: 2543:Los Colloquis de la Insigne Ciutat de Tortosa 2541: 2440:to the feudal areas during the Reign of King 2371: 2101: 2095: 2006: 2000: 1088:, indicating many place names as well as the 986:. Please discuss this issue on the article's 701: 532:Non-native speaker of the Nuorese dialect of 65:. Please discuss this issue on the article's 21048: 19274:La cultura popolare, l'economia, l'autonomia 19115:11245.1/47a7b22b-348a-4bfd-a0f9-180a78970858 18726:Storia naturale della Sardegna. I quadrupedi 18452:"Sardegna Cultura – Lingua sarda – Il sardo" 18247:Storia naturale della Sardegna. I quadrupedi 18171:Kurt Braunmüller, Gisella Ferraresi (2003). 18105:Kurt Braunmüller, Gisella Ferraresi (2003). 17970: 16421: 16315: 16156:"Consulta OnLine – Sentenza n. 215 del 2013" 15339:Kurt Braunmüller, Gisella Ferraresi (2003). 15178: 15164:Kurt Braunmüller, Gisella Ferraresi (2003). 14882: 14067: 13813: 13811: 13809: 13807: 13673: 13655: 13375: 13373: 13343: 13052: 13033:Roberto Bolognesi, Wilbert Heeringa (2005). 12852: 12827:. Napoli: Giannini Francesco. Archived from 12524: 12444: 12442: 12227: 11522: 11110: 9945: 9943: 9941: 9939: 9803: 9801: 9799: 9413: 9198: 9196: 9194: 9192: 9037:Kurt Braunmüller, Gisella Ferraresi (2003). 8607:Romance languages: a Historical Introduction 8469:"Sa chistione de sa limba in Montanaru e oe" 8466: 8158:Non-Sardinian languages spoken on Sardinia: 7948:sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris. 6701:Cudda machina est prus manna de sa de Juanne 4806:The definite article derives from the Latin 3336: 3330: 3303: 3297: 2823:Kingdom of Sardinia under the House of Savoy 2620: 2391:as their primary language. The situation in 2147: 2135: 2125: 1865:independent national government". Historian 1711:) are seen in the so-called "Viper's Cave" ( 1026:; comparisons have also been drawn with the 664:. These elements originate in the political 23485:languages with more than 5 million speakers 19895:Arrègulas: Grammar of Campidanese Sardinian 19136: 19087: 17975:. Milano: Franco Angeli. pp. 191, 199. 17519: 17393: 16868:"Proposta di legge n. 167 – XV Legislatura" 16616:"Come si mette la lingua sarda su Facebook" 15861:, "autentico". Questa esclusione del sardo 15806:, Maurizio Virdis (Università di Cagliari) 15695:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 591. 15010: 15008: 14946: 14944: 14130: 14128: 13454: 13394: 13288: 13114: 13001: 12959: 12898: 12735: 12604: 12258:Los Cinco Ultimos Libros de Fortuna de Amor 12217:. Revista de la Facultad de Filología, 1956 12215:J. Arce, La literatura hispánica de Cerdeña 12175: 12173: 11969: 11927:Capitula sive acta curiarum Regni Sardiniae 11881: 11630:. Italica, 29(3), p.152. doi:10.2307/477388 11243: 10973:. Vol. 3. Torino: Einaudi. p. 58. 10833: 10749: 10743: 10737: 10731: 10638:Martin Harris; Nigel Vincent, eds. (2000). 10429:(2 ed.). Il Maestrale. pp. 15–16. 10395:. Cambridge University Press. p. 209. 10181: 10165:""Quel filo che lega i sardi con i baschi"" 9640:. Cambridge University Press. p. 576. 9615: 9338:Martin Harris; Nigel Vincent, eds. (2003). 9322:Martin Harris; Nigel Vincent, eds. (2003). 9164: 9162: 8963: 8604: 8429:– Grafiche editoriali Solinas – Nuoro, 2005 8272: 8266: 8225: 7786:-speaking community from the inner city of 7669:, speaks a transitional group of dialects ( 6567:("John has picked olives with whom?"), etc. 4594:† Variable presence, depending on dialect. 4264:Vowel changes from Latin to early Sardinian 2914: 2741:(curses), and the improvised poetry of the 2653: 2647: 2589: 2556:") was still preserved; the ambassador and 2400: 2365: 2328: 2311: 2305: 2080:, with the troubadour having the lady say " 2060: 2054: 2032: 2026: 1742: 1736: 23068:(mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance) 21596: 21582: 21246: 21232: 19972: 19958: 19656:La Sardegna e la sua lingua: Studi e saggi 19649:50 anni di premi letterari in lingua sarda 19592:Le gascon: Études de philologie pyrénéenne 18743:, Pergine Valsugana : Comune, p. 196. 18658: 18357: 18125:. G. Giappichelli Editore. pp. 67–68. 18027: 17535: 17433: 16225:"Salviamo sardo e algherese in Parlamento" 15644:"European Parliamentary Research Service. 15476:Scarparo, S., & Stevenson, M. (2020). 15082: 14567: 14378: 14183:Sa chistione de sa limba in Montanaru e oe 13990:"lettera n° 23: 26 marzo 1927: a Teresina" 13949:. Sassari: La Nuova Sardegna. p. 257. 13920: 13669: 13667: 13652:. Bologna: Imprenta Pontificia Mareggiani. 13477:. Kalaris: Reale Stamperia. Archived from 13239:"MADAO, Matteo in "Dizionario Biografico"" 13214:. Vol. 2. Torino: Giammichele Briolo. 13048: 13046: 13044: 13023: 12928:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 12495:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 12403:Sa chistione de sa limba in Montanaru e oe 12118:. Leiden, Boston: Brill. pp. 111–112. 12116:A Companion to Sardinian History, 500–1500 12083:Elements d'història de la llengua catalana 12065: 11965: 11963: 11157:. Vol. 2. Torino: Utet. p. 582. 11060: 11058: 11027: 11025: 10968: 10956:Manuale di linguistica e filologia romanza 10885: 10764: 10581:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 10535:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9296:"Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" 9262: 8955:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7971:Come noi li rimettiamo ai nostri debitori. 2495:5. De sos sanctos martires tantu gloriosos 2127:Kitab Nuzhat al-mushtāq fi'khtirāq al-āfāq 1252:(Blasco Ferrer) and in southern Italy and 468: 19939:Interactive Atlas of Romance Intonation, 19759:Learn how and when to remove this message 19615:. 2 vols. Cagliari: Tipografia Nazionale. 19469:The Oxford guide to the Romance languages 19295:La Lingua sarda e l'insegnamento a scuola 19113: 18989: 18925: 18654:(6): 79–101 – via www.academia.edu. 18535: 18428:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199685332.003.0009 18418:. In Frota, Sónia; Prieto, Pilar (eds.). 18284: 17971:Corsale, Andrea; Sistu, Giovanni (2019). 17955: 17886: 17153:"I tedeschi studiano il sardo nell'isola" 16035:Paolo Curreli, La Nuova Sardegna (2023). 16003: 16001: 15760: 15758: 15756: 15376:. Cagliari: Artigianarte. pp. 58–59. 15179:Corsale, Andrea; Sistu, Giovanni (2019). 15129: 15127: 15125: 14955: 14876: 14732:"Cando ischedaiant sos maistros de sardu" 14655: 14447: 13804: 13577: 13575: 13573: 13571: 13370: 13357: 13355: 13102:Profilo linguistico dei dialetti italiani 12883: 12807:. Cagliari: Della Torre. pp. 43, 64. 12480: 12439: 12094: 12092: 11924: 11357: 11355: 11349:(London: Faber & Faber, 1960), v. 474 11328: 11326: 11324: 10844:Lingua e cultura nella Sardegna Bizantina 10655:Profilo linguistico dei dialetti italiani 10560: 10251: 10218: 9936: 9909: 9907: 9905: 9903: 9901: 9796: 9760:The Oxford guide to the Romance languages 9463: 9430:The Oxford guide to the Romance languages 9414:Corsale, Andrea; Sistu, Giovanni (2019). 9189: 9111: 9109: 9057:. Pergine Valsugana: Comune. p. 196. 8924:The Oxford guide to the Romance languages 8626: 8624: 8622: 8620: 7944:Panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie, 6692:Nominal syntagmas without having a head: 2367:De bello et interitu marchionis Oristanei 2034:Est vis Sardorum pariter regnum Populorum 1877:The first page of a copy of the Arborean 931:, "the Way of Straw") also recurs in the 629:, as the language that is the closest to 20305: 19676:La lingua sarda: Storia, spirito e forma 19578:Nou dizionariu universali sardu-italianu 19501:https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7020131 19484:Mura, Riccardo; Virdis, Maurizio. 2015. 19373:Kamps, Bernd Sebastian; Lepori, Antoni. 19191:https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7020131 18864: 18643: 18324: 17623:Columbu, Alessandro (18 November 2015). 17524:. Nuoro: Il Maestrale. pp. 163–166. 17054: 16269: 15779: 15334: 15332: 15195:Fuéddus e chistiònis in sárdu e italiánu 15005: 14941: 14846:. Holland Academic Graphics. p. 7. 14786:. Domus de Janas. p. Presentazione. 14318: 14125: 13720: 13718: 13716: 13319:Prima grammatica de' tre dialetti sardi 12539: 12210: 12208: 12197:Ignazio Putzu, Gabriella Mazzon (2013). 12170: 12062:, in "Quaderni sardi di storia" 2, p. 60 11992:La lingua sarda: storia, spirito e forma 11875:La lingua sarda. Storia, spirito e forma 11862:. Torino: Typographia regia. p. 51. 11850: 11848: 11781:La lingua sarda. Storia, spirito e forma 10742:; tutti e due erano alle dipendenze del 10299: 9180: 9159: 8694:"Legge Regionale 15 ottobre 1997, n. 26" 8539:. Domus de Janas. p. Presentazione. 8410:. Dalla Stamperia Reale. pp. 49–51. 8211:(590–614 C.E.) reproached the people of 8148:Traditional writing forms of Sardinian: 7921:Dona་nos oe su pane nostru de ònnia die, 7875:Dona nos oe su pane nostru de donzi die, 7746: 7689:), show relatively more influences from 7510: 6789:Mi nch'apo dormiu pro una parica de oras 6786:("Uncle Pascal passed away yesterday"), 4259: 4148: 4104: 3971: 3900: 3694: 3502: 3272: 3134: 2799: 2509:Cussos sempre siant in nostru adiutoriu. 2505:10. Qui in su Paradisu sunt glorificados 2159: 2146:; they shun contacts with all the other 1872: 1806: 1391: 1383: 1068: 845: 516: 20786: 19912:Acadèmia campidanesa de sa lìngua sarda 19406:Dizionario Italiano-Sardo (Campidanese) 19205:Argiolas, Mario; Serra, Roberto. 2001. 19088:Gobbo, Federico; Vardeu, Laura (2021). 18911:Andrea Costale, Giovanni Sistu (2016). 17622: 16545:di Federico Spano (15 September 2013). 16094:. Lonely Planet Publications. pp.  15887:Andrea Costale, Giovanni Sistu (2016). 15539:"Cori e rappers in limba alla Biennale" 14761:Andrea Costale, Giovanni Sistu (2016). 13822:. Bologna: Società editrice Il Mulino. 13664: 13041: 12888:. Holland Academic Graphics. p. 3. 12292:Sardiniae brevis historia et descriptio 11960: 11470:. Roma: Salerno Editrice. p. 231. 11055: 11022: 10954:Lorenzo Renzi, Alvise Andreose (2009). 10688:Cum utroque sermone nostro sis paratus. 10482:(2 ed.). Il Maestrale. p. 16. 9922:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 271–294. 8787:. Quartu S. Elena: Alfa Editrice. 2009. 8649: 8630: 8581:, which means "to kill" instead. E.g.: 8526:Una lingua defunta da studiare a scuola 8520:Gavino Pau, in an article published on 8032:, Roberto Bolognesi, Manlio Brigaglia, 7927:E no nos lasses arrùere in tentatzione, 3495:Italian Republic and Sardinian autonomy 3287:in the Italian language founded in 1889 3058:Prima grammatica de' tre dialetti sardi 3051:where he had first published a book of 2655:Sardiniae brevis historia et descriptio 2451:The long-lasting war and the so-called 2223:) are written in Logudorese Sardinian. 1981:A special position was occupied by the 1881:(University Public Library of Cagliari) 1600:, all of which deriving from the Punic 1412:that finds further confirmation in the 1100:. Other sources trace instead the root 501:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 426: – Campidanese Sardinian 23505: 19666:Historische Lautlehre des Sardinischen 19047: 19045: 19043: 19041: 18775: 18531: 18529: 18502: 18500: 18490:Bolognesi R. & Heeringa W., 2005, 18486: 18484: 18470: 18468: 18377:Rebecca Posner, John N. Green (1993). 18371: 18369: 18320: 18318: 18280: 18278: 18190:. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 308–309. 18094:. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 213–214. 17911:, in Argiolas, Mario; Serra, Roberto, 16525:"Sardinian 'rebels' redraw island map" 16007:M. Paul Lewis, Gary F. Simons (2010). 15998: 15753: 15521:"Il passato che avanza a ritmo di rap" 15301:Rebecca Posner, John N. Green (1993). 15240:Rebecca Posner, John N. Green (1993). 15224:Rebecca Posner, John N. Green (1993). 15208:Rebecca Posner, John N. Green (1993). 15122: 15114:Rebecca Posner, John N. Green (1993). 15099:Rebecca Posner, John N. Green (1993). 15048:Rebecca Posner, John N. Green (1993). 13963:. Sassari: Gallizzi. 1981. p. 10. 13947:Fanterie sarde all'ombra del Tricolore 13746:, in Argiolas, Mario; Serra, Roberto. 13568: 13541:. Sassari: C. Delfino. pp. 11–12. 13431:. Nuoro: Il Maestrale. pp. 32–33. 13352: 13086:La Rassegna della letteratura italiana 12732:. Bologna: Zanichelli. pp. 21–25. 12564:. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 168–169. 12201:. Franco Angeli Edizioni. p. 597. 12181:Rebecca Posner, John N. Green (1993). 12089: 11970:Antoni Cano (2002). Dino Manca (ed.). 11808: 11745: 11451:Rebecca Posner, John N. Green (1982). 11352: 11321: 11251:Dantis Alagherii De Vulgari Eloquentia 10917:, Ed. Domus de Janas, Selargius, p. 14 10279:. Edizioni Il Maestrale. p. 307. 9898: 9399:Rebecca Posner, John N. Green (1982). 9310:https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00012.lai 9106: 9066: 9064: 9013:https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00012.lai 8723:"Legge Regionale 3 Luglio 2018, n. 22" 8665: 8663: 8661: 8617: 6739:Insertion of the affirmative particle 6669:("There are the plates on the table"). 2666:(whose report would also be quoted in 2591:linguam propriam sardiniscam loquentes 2571:Llibre dels feyts d'armes de Catalunya 2373:quedó de todo punto Sardeña por el rey 2322:Sardi unum regem se habuisse credebant 1941:Old Sardinian had a greater number of 1766:, Sardinia would again be part of the 1644:("thieves with rough wool cloaks") or 1333:"fresh grazing for cattle" and Basque 601: 572: 433: – Logudorese Sardinian 21577: 21227: 19953: 19900:A mailing list for Sardinian-speakers 18669:"Le minoranze linguistiche in Italia" 18536:Bolognesi, Roberto (9 January 2018). 18200: 17876:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 152. 16758: 16662:"È arrivato Facebook in lingua sarda" 16197: 15329: 15183:. Milano: Franco Angeli. p. 193. 14640:La conquista dell'autonomia (1943–49) 14604:"Francesco Casula, Gianfranco Contu. 14507:"Francesco Casula, Gianfranco Contu. 13713: 13622:. Dalla Stamperia Reale. p. 313. 13605:. Dalla Stamperia Reale. p. 305. 13588:. Dalla Stamperia Reale. p. 306. 12357: 12205: 11845: 10595: 10523:D.E.S. – Dizionario etimologico sardo 10509:. Vol. 53–54. 1968. p. 209. 10455:La civiltà fenicio-punica in Sardegna 10132: 9633: 9418:. Milano: Franco Angeli. p. 187. 9281:"Sardinian language use survey, 1995" 9134:"What Languages are Spoken in Italy?" 9088:"Lingue di Minoranza e Scuola, Sardo" 8899:Antonio Mele, Edoardo Murgia (2015). 8867:. Paris: Robert Laffont. p. 158. 8585:("Pascal has killed uncle Bachisio"). 7967:Dacci oggi il nostro pane quotidiano, 7904:Et no si lessis arrui in tentatzioni, 7898:Donasi oi su pani nostu de dogna dii, 7881:Et no nos lesses ruer in tentatzione, 6792:("I've slept for a couple of hours"). 6775:Reflexive use of intransitive verbs: 6511:Distinctive syntax features include: 4231:between the two different languages. 3995:and a number of other programs, like 3960:of the former Italian Prime Minister 3268: 3227:("God save the King"), before it was 3191:in the days of the Iberian rule, the 2503:Fortes defensores et bonos advocados, 2501:Contra su demoniu, nostru adversariu, 2053:were strictly speaking not Italians ( 1762:After a period of 80 years under the 1353:"holly"; Gallurese (Corso-Sardinian) 1018:, which some scholars have linked to 583: 554: 126: 19703: 19580:. Casteddu: Tipografia Arciobispali. 19420:Stòria lestra de sa literadura sarda 19302:Letterature e civiltà della Sardegna 18858: 17540:. Carocci Editore. pp. 125–126. 15936:"Institut für Linguistik/Romanistik" 14902:. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 31–36. 14872:. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 38–39. 14780:Fueddariu sardu campidanesu-italianu 14260:. Cagliari: Edizioni 3T. p. 35. 14169:. Cagliari: AM & D. p. 106. 14007:. Leiden, Boston: Brill. p. 27. 13660:. Milano: Rizzoli. pp. 186–187. 13459:. Ghilarza: Iskra. pp. 112–113. 13348:. Milano: Rizzoli. pp. 182–183. 13293:. Ghilarza: Iskra. pp. 111–112. 12682:. Cagliari: Della Torre. p. 31. 11668:. Quartu S.Elena: Astra. p. 11. 11564:. Edizioni Il Maestrale. p. 83. 11425:. Ilisso. p. 78. Archived from 10677:. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 89–90. 10605:Quarterly Journal of Chinese Studies 10306:Atlas of the History of Transylvania 9989:Platonis dialogi, scholia in Timaeum 9788:Juan Martín Elexpuru Agirre (2017). 8573:As opposed to the transitive use of 8533:Fueddariu sardu campidanesu-italianu 8432: 7877:Et perdona nos sos peccados nostros, 7739:), each with its own language code. 6816:("He/She has been working all day"). 6760:Use of the same particle to express 6727:("May you be struck by lightning!"). 6660:B'at prus de chentu persones inoghe! 4204:(known amongst Italian linguists as 3488: 3085:Su patriottu sardu a sos feudatarios 2689:that was one of the founders of the 2646:Agreeing with Fara's aforementioned 2497:Et cavaleris de Cristus victoriosos, 2493:Su sanctu martiriu, in rima vulgare, 1444:Around the 10th and 9th century BC, 946: 814:, analyzing the degree to which six 748:its own Sardinian-influenced variety 25: 19775:(in Sardinian, Italian and English) 19557:La lingua sardiana o dei protosardi 19471:, 270–291. Oxford University Press. 19462:Einführung in die sardische Sprache 19340:Bocabolariu Sardu Nugoresu-Italianu 19038: 18990:Bolognesi, Roberto (23 June 2014). 18926:Bolognesi, Roberto (13 June 2011). 18613:, Centro di Studi Filologici Sardi" 18583:, Centro di Studi Filologici Sardi" 18526: 18497: 18481: 18465: 18366: 18329:(in Italian). Cagliari: Condaghes. 18315: 18275: 18121:Paolo Caretti; et al. (2017). 17398:. Nuoro: Il Maestrale. p. 161. 13820:Le minoranze linguistiche in Italia 13650:Sos discursos sacros in limba sarda 13556:Storia dell'idea di "nazione sarda" 12903:. Ghilarza: Iskra. pp. 88, 91. 10392:Bilingualism and the Latin Language 10389:James Noel Adams (9 January 2003). 10356:(Sassari: Gallizzi, 1990), 599–639. 9442: 9117:"Inchiesta ISTAT 2000, pp. 105–107" 9061: 8800:Grammàtica de sa limba sarda comuna 8658: 8652:Calendario Atlante De Agostini 2017 8346:, 1627, Per Lodouicu Grignanu, Roma 8306:. Princeton University. p. 76. 8080:Surnames, given names, and toponyms 7973:E non abbandonarci alla tentazione, 6713:("Please lend me your dictionary"). 6707:Extraposition of the lexical head: 6704:("That car is bigger than John's"). 6627:Ja nau ti l'apo ca est issa sa mere 3828:Sa chistione mundiali de s'Energhia 3332:Zur Kenntnis des Altlogudoresischen 3163:Sos discursos sacros in limba sarda 2817:Savoyard period – Italian influence 2292:, from 1353, the previously allied 2134:") that "Sardinians are ethnically 1796: 928:(b)ía de sa báza, (b)ía de sa bálla 13: 23489:Languages between parentheses are 21448:Archaeological and artistic sights 20148:Intermediate Southern (Neapolitan) 19688:. 3 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter. 19413:Gramàtiga sarda po is campidanesus 19321:. Alessandria: Edizioni dell'Orso. 19252:Le identità linguistiche dei sardi 18899:Le identità linguistiche dei Sardi 18752: 18627:"Journal of Language Relationship" 18565:Le identità linguistiche dei sardi 18521:Le identità linguistiche dei sardi 18395:Le identità linguistiche dei sardi 18287:Le identità linguistiche dei sardi 17960:. Cagliari: Condaghes. p. 63. 17958:Le identità linguistiche dei sardi 17508:Language and nationalism in Europe 16064:Marco Oggianu (21 December 2006). 15993:Language Vitality and Endangerment 14800:Le identità linguistiche dei Sardi 14545:. Sardegna Cultura. Archived from 13976:studio della letteratura regionale 12996:. Arxiu de Tradicions de l'Alguer. 12609:. Ghilarza: Iskra. pp. 86–87. 12467:Breve storia della lingua italiana 12348:, Sassari, Chiarella, 1987, p. 168 12255:Antonio de Lo Frasso (1573–1740). 11216:Barisone II of Arborea, G. Seche, 11132:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 133. 10342:. Nuoro: Ilisso. pp. 158–161. 9622:Vowel Length from Latin to Romance 9374:. Nuoro: Il Maestrale. p. 34. 9155:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 112. 8865:L'Aventure des langues en Occident 7982: 7589:pronunciation of the stop velars ( 6813:Est istadu traballende totu sa die 3640:("Don't be a slave") by Raimondo ( 3305:Grammatik der romanischen Sprachen 3132:had become the basis for Italian. 2916:ignotam linguam per notam expōnĕre 2776:Ioan Matheu Garipa, a priest from 2489:In s'aiudu meu ti piacat attender, 2274:, entered by right as a member in 2028:Baresonus Dei Gratia Rei Sardiniee 1973:; it did not take long before the 1789:(thought to derive from the Greek 1284:are common to Paleo-Sardinian and 14: 23554: 23369:(unknown further classification) 19699: 19594:. 2nd ed. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. 19276:. Cagliari: Edizioni Della Torre. 19265:. Cagliari: Edizioni Della Torre. 18971: 18961:, Regione Autonoma della Sardegna 18381:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 287. 18074:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 213. 18023:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 211. 16676:"Telegram in sardu: oe si podet, 15305:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 273. 15244:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 288. 15228:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 279. 15212:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 279. 15118:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 272. 15103:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 272. 15052:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 272. 14749:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 208. 13901:. Cagliari: Edizioni della Torre. 13633:Sebastiano Ghisu (2021). "3, 8". 13444:, Cagliari, Reale stamperia, 1811 13148:. Oristano: S'Alvure. p. 45. 12788:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 209. 12772:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 210. 12756:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 209. 12716:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 210. 12579:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 201. 12514:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 169. 12244:Los diez libros de fortuna d'Amor 12185:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 286. 12047:Il più antico catechismo in sardo 11651:Storia Linguistica Della Sardegna 11455:. Mouton Publishers. p. 178. 11453:Language and Philology in Romance 11229:Casula, Francesco Cesare (2017). 11129:Storia linguistica della Sardegna 11098:Le origini delle lingue neolatine 11016:Condaghe di S. Maria di Bonarcado 10642:. London: Routledge. p. 315. 10457:. Sassari: Carlo Delfino Editore. 9914:Rindler-Schjerve, Rosita (1993). 9401:Language and Philology in Romance 9342:. London: Routledge. p. 349. 8999:Le origini delle lingue neolatine 8850:Le origini delle lingue neolatine 8755:. Cagliari: Edizioni della Torre. 8740:. Sassari: Carlo Delfino Editore. 8605:Alkire, Ti; Rosen, Carol (2010). 8508:"Piras, Raimondo. No sias isciau" 7923:E perdona་nos is pecados nostros, 7852:Give us this day our daily bread, 7830:LSC (Sardinian Written Standard) 7813: 6820:Continuous and progressive aspect 4701: 4685: 4676: 4662: 4653: 4639: 4630: 4582: 4573: 4563: 4543: 4522: 4511: 4504: 4487: 4473: 4454: 4445: 4437: 4430: 4409: 4401: 4394: 4387: 4380: 4373: 4357: 4349: 4340: 4333: 4326: 3419:si ses italianu, faedda in sardu! 2873:as an overseas possession of the 2499:Sanctu Gavinu, Prothu e Januariu, 1993:and the Queen, the "Lady Judge" ( 882:once spoken by the Christian and 21316: 21255: 21205: 20879: 19998:Historical linguistic minorities 19981: 19708: 19576:Porru, Vincenzo Raimondo. 1832. 19569:Porru, Vincenzo Raimondo. 1811. 19443:, 195–214. Milan: Franco Angeli. 19375:Sardisch für Mollis & Müslis 19160: 19149: 19139:"Which Sardinian for education?" 19130: 19090:"Which Sardinian for education?" 19081: 19006: 18983: 18965: 18946: 18919: 18904: 18891: 18828: 18802: 18769: 18746: 18733: 18715: 18693: 18637: 18619: 18601: 18589: 18571: 18556: 18444: 18385: 18351: 18254: 18236: 18223: 18179: 18163: 18159:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 40. 18147: 18129: 18113: 18098: 18078: 18063: 18012: 17979: 17964: 17949: 17935: 17918: 17895: 17880: 17864: 17850: 17836: 17818: 17804: 17790: 17778: 17762: 17744: 17708: 17694: 17686:Alessandro Mongili (2015). "8". 17678: 17660: 17642: 17616: 17591: 17565: 17544: 17528: 17513: 17501: 17480: 17454: 17419: 17402: 17386: 17360: 17345: 17331: 17316: 17291: 17266: 17241: 17215: 17189: 17171: 17145: 17127: 17101: 17075: 17048: 17022: 16996: 16978: 16960: 16942: 16924: 16906: 16881: 16860: 16835: 16805: 16779: 16752: 16734: 16716: 16698: 16668: 16654: 16640: 16626: 16608: 16590: 16564: 16547:"La limba sulle mappe di Google" 16538: 16517: 16499: 16481: 16455: 16437: 16415: 16390: 16369: 16352:"Esame di maturità per la limba" 16344: 16289: 16263: 16242: 16217: 16191: 16166: 16148: 16130: 16112: 16079: 16057: 16043: 16028: 16014: 15981: 15955: 15928: 15895: 15879: 15871:Alessandro Mongili (2015). "1". 15851: 15833: 15816: 15797: 15727: 15709: 15683: 15657: 15636: 15618: 15606: 15593: 15581: 15549: 15531: 15513: 15495: 15483: 15470: 15466:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 40. 15455: 15419: 15393: 15380: 15365: 15347: 15309: 15293: 15273: 15248: 15232: 15216: 15200: 15187: 15172: 15157: 15142: 15138:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 37. 15107: 15091: 15076: 15056: 15040: 15023: 14985: 14964: 14924: 14906: 14891: 14861: 14835: 14827:Alessandro Mongili (2015). "9". 14819: 14806: 14790: 14769: 14753: 14738: 14723: 14696: 14681: 14664: 14649: 14632: 14596: 14576: 14561: 14535: 14499: 14486: 14469: 14456: 14436: 14428:Alessandro Mongili (2015). "1". 14420: 14412:Alessandro Mongili (2015). "9". 14400: 14387: 14372: 14352: 14348:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 36. 14305: 14285: 14264: 14248: 14230: 14194: 14173: 14158: 14107: 14094: 14076: 14061: 14046: 14026: 14018:Francesco Casula (4 June 2013). 14011: 13996: 13982: 13967: 13953: 13938: 13905: 13872: 13789: 13753: 13736: 13695: 13682: 13641: 13626: 13609: 13592: 13548: 13527:, anche in Sardegna l'auspicata 13513: 13496: 13463: 13447: 13435: 13420: 13407: 13388: 13337: 13324: 13311: 13297: 13267: 13249: 13231: 13218: 13200: 13182: 13152: 13146:Canto sacro-popolare in Sardegna 13137: 13123: 13108: 13092: 13076: 13061: 12984: 12968: 12952: 12936: 12907: 12892: 12877: 12861: 12846: 12811: 12792: 12776: 12760: 12744: 12730:L'italiano regionale di Sardegna 12720: 12705: 12686: 12671: 12656: 12643: 12628: 12613: 12598: 12583: 12568: 12553: 12533: 12518: 12503: 12473: 12469:. Firenze: Sansoni. p. 214. 12457: 12421: 12408: 12393: 12378: 12360:"La segunda vida de los tercios" 12351: 12338: 12325: 12316: 12298: 12282: 12265: 12236: 12220: 12189: 12122: 12107: 12052: 12039: 12026: 12013: 12009:. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 33. 11998: 11983: 11943: 11934: 11917: 11903: 11866: 11856:Ioannes Franciscus Fara (1835). 11820: 11802: 11794:Francesco Cesare Casula (1978). 11787: 11783:. Nuoro: Ilisso. pp. 68–69. 11772: 11757: 11739: 11714: 11689: 11681:Francesco Cesare Casula (1978). 11672: 11657: 11642: 11633: 11620: 11605: 11588: 11568: 11553: 11515: 11506: 11484: 11459: 11444: 11409: 11391: 11373: 11339: 11306: 11287: 11260: 11236: 11223: 11210: 11189: 11171: 11146: 11119: 11104: 11089: 11081:Max Leopold Wagner (1951–1997). 11073: 11047:Max Leopold Wagner (1951–1997). 11040: 11007: 10999:Francesco Cesare Casula (1974). 10992: 10984:Francesco Cesare Casula (1974). 10977: 10962: 10946: 10933: 10920: 10907: 10894: 10879: 10871:Max Leopold Wagner (1951–1997). 10864: 10849: 10815: 10802: 10784: 10756:Max Leopold Wagner (1951–1997). 10724: 10720:. Nuoro: Ilisso. pp. 75–76. 10716:Max Leopold Wagner (1951–1997). 10709: 10701:Max Leopold Wagner (1951–1997). 10693: 10681: 10661: 10646: 10630: 10589: 10543: 10521:Max Leopold Wagner (1960–1964). 10513: 10499: 10496:, p. 20 Papiros publisher, Nuoro 10486: 10338:Max Leopold Wagner (1951–1997). 9662:Max Leopold Wagner (1951–1997). 9624:, Oxford University Press, p. 48 9326:. London: Routledge. p. 21. 8567: 8544: 8514: 8499: 8478: 8455: 8414: 8388: 8363: 8358:Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia 8350: 8327: 8317: 8284: 8279:Antiquitates Italicae Moedii Evi 8255: 8218: 8118: 8104: 7957:Padre Nostro, che sei nei cieli, 7950:et ne nos inducas in tentationem 7858:And lead us not into temptation, 6853:Su dinare bolet / cheret torradu 6843:, "Lucy runs faster than Mary"). 6804:Si at fertu a s'anca traballende 6710:Imprestami su tou de ditzionariu 6564:Juanne at pigadu olìas cun chie? 3433:Coinciding with the year of the 2507:De sa corona de sanctu martiriu. 2487:Deus eternu, sempre omnipotente, 1824:made their way into North Africa 1659:, which makes its appearance in 1046:and, most evidently, the 1950s. 966:to read and navigate comfortably 951: 45:to read and navigate comfortably 30: 19635:7, 217–227. Berlin: De Gruyter. 19587:7, 207–215. Berlin: De Gruyter. 19441:Sardegna: Geografie di un'isola 19377:. 1985. Wuppertal: Steinhäuser. 19199: 19177:For the historical toponymy of 18755:"Grammatica del Sardo Illustre" 18644:Koryakov, Yuri (January 2017). 17973:Sardegna: geografie di un'isola 17115:(in Sardinian). 22 January 2021 17055:Coròngiu, Pepe (6 April 2018). 15181:Sardegna: geografie di un'isola 15087:. Carocci Editore. p. 122. 14572:. Carocci Editore. p. 118. 14383:. Carocci Editore. p. 121. 14295:, p. 32, Domus de Janas, 2009, 14072:. Milano: Rizzoli. p. 191. 13678:. Milano: Rizzoli. p. 184. 13307:. Sardiniapost.it. 8 June 2019. 13057:. Milano: Rizzoli. p. 181. 11580:Mohamed Mustafa Bazama (1988). 11399:"Raimbaut de Vaqueiras (392.7)" 11197:"Carta de Logu (original text)" 11100:. Bologna: Patron. p. 450. 10657:. Editori Laterza. p. 170. 10470: 10461: 10446: 10433: 10409: 10381: 10372: 10359: 10346: 10331: 10322: 10293: 10268: 10200: 10175: 10157: 10119: 10089: 10067: 10051: 10035: 10023: 10007: 9994: 9982: 9969: 9882: 9822: 9781: 9766: 9752: 9737: 9722: 9704: 9689: 9670: 9654: 9627: 9608: 9573: 9558: 9543: 9529: 9513: 9507:Pastori e contadini in Sardegna 9497: 9478: 9472: 9436: 9422: 9416:Sardegna: geografie di un'isola 9407: 9391: 9378: 9363: 9346: 9330: 9315: 9302: 9288: 9229: 9144: 9126: 9080: 9045: 9029: 9018: 9005: 9001:. Bologna: Patron. p. 388. 8989: 8930: 8916: 8907: 8892: 8871: 8856: 8852:. Bologna: Patron. p. 122. 8841: 8791: 8774: 8770:. Cagliari: Litografia C.U.E.C. 8402:e i Regi stati di terraferma." 8194: 7969:E rimetti a noi i nostri debiti 7946:et dimitte nobis debita nostra, 7919:comente in chelu gasi in terra. 7913:Santificadu siat su nòmine tuo. 7900:Et perdonasi is peccaus nostus, 7867:Santificadu siat su nomine tou. 4818:(Logudorese & Nuorese) and 3425:The Sardinian-born philosopher 3128:based on Logudorese, just like 2491:Et dami gratia de poder acabare 2164:Sardinian-language statutes of 968:. When this tag was added, its 703:minoranze linguistiche storiche 47:. When this tag was added, its 23493:of the language on their left. 23363:(Western Romance-based pidgin) 21390:List of presidents of Sardinia 19597:Rubattu, Antonino. 2001–2004. 19566:. 2 vols. Cagliari: Gasperini. 19508:I nomi di luogo della Sardegna 19464:. Bonn: Romanistischer Verlag. 19300:Casula, Francesco. 2011–2013. 19222:Blasco Ferrer, Eduardo. 2010. 18739:De Concini, Wolftraud (2003). 18478:, Edizioni dell'Orso, Cagliari 17718:Sardinian, a digital language? 16759:Loddo, Mauro (17 March 2023). 14397:, Carlo Delfino Editore, p. 99 13763:Il primo inno d'Italia è sardo 13334:, 2009, Cuec, Cagliari, p. 127 13119:. Ghilarza: Iskra. p. 89. 12964:. Ghilarza: Iskra. p. 92. 12947:, Enciclopedia Italiana (1936) 12667:. Cagliari: Cuec. p. 110. 12346:Storia della Sardegna spagnola 11649:Eduardo Blasco Ferrer (1984). 11492:"Le sarde, une langue normale" 11233:, Carlo Delfino Editore, p. 91 11126:Eduardo Blasco Ferrer (1984). 10958:. Il Mulino. pp. 256–257. 10507:Archivio glottologico italiano 10062:Collectanea rerum memorabilium 9790:Euskararen aztarnak Sardinian? 9773:Eduardo Blasco Ferrer (2010). 9465:10.1080/00437956.1949.11659494 8759: 8744: 8729: 8643: 8598: 8583:Pascale at mortu a tziu Bachis 8562:Language, society and identity 8207:, "coming from a pagan land". 7911:Babbu nostru chi ses in chelu, 7896:comenti in celu aici in terra. 7890:Santificau siat su nomini tuu. 7873:comente in chelu gai in terra. 7865:Babbu nostru chi ses in chelu, 7842:Our Father, who art in heaven, 7810:island (south-west Sardinia). 6600:non de frades, parent inimigos 3189:consuetud de la nació sardesca 2120:, Sicily at the court of King 1314:/ (for example, the Sardinian 1135:, after comparing it with the 672:, the island was for a time a 637:and, to a much lesser degree, 1: 19524:. Ariccia: Legatoria del Sud. 19429:. Vilanova Monteleone: Soter. 19363:, 314–350. London: Routledge. 18044:. p. 127. Archived from 17089:(in Italian). 20 January 2020 16706:"Tecnologies de la sobirania" 15909:. p. 124. Archived from 15599:Mura, Giuseppe Paulu (1997). 15316:Pier Sandro Pillonca (2020). 15280:Pier Sandro Pillonca (2020). 15063:Pier Sandro Pillonca (2020). 14992:Pier Sandro Pillonca (2020). 14972:Pier Sandro Pillonca (2020). 14777:Giovanni Melis Onnis (2014). 14583:Pier Sandro Pillonca (2020). 14238:"Montanaru e la lingua sarda" 14057:. Cagliari: Janus. p. 7. 13709:. Cagliari: Timon. p. 4. 13616:Carlo Baudi di Vesme (1848). 13599:Carlo Baudi di Vesme (1848). 13582:Carlo Baudi di Vesme (1848). 13104:. Editori Laterza. p. 9. 12335:, 2009, Cuec, Cagliari, p. 99 12103:. Cagliari: Cuec. p. 92. 11994:. Bern: Francke. p. 186. 11877:. Nuoro: Ilisso. p. 185. 11601:. Palermo: Flaccovio Editore. 11069:. Cagliari: CUEC. p. 17. 11051:. Nuoro: Ilisso. p. 180. 11036:. Cagliari: CUEC. p. 11. 11014:Raimondo Carta-Raspi (1937). 10890:. Vol. 1. Christiebooks. 9890:Wolftraud De Concini (2003). 9243:. p. 120. Archived from 9210:. p. 126. Archived from 9053:Wolftraud De Concini (2003). 8798:Bartolomeo Porcheddu (2012). 8738:Grammatica del sardo illustre 8530:Giovanni Melis Onnis (2014). 8404:Carlo Baudi di Vesme (1848). 8182: 7965:Come in cielo, così in terra. 7934:Pater noster qui es in cælis, 7892:Bengiat a nosus su regnu tuu, 7790:(northwest Sardinia) and the 7649:versus Campidanese Sardinian 6856:"money has to be paid back"). 6778:Tziu Pascale si nch'est mortu 6624:as subordinate conjunctions: 4838: 2837:War of the Spanish Succession 2217: 2198:Torchitorio I de Lacon-Gunale 1616:. Although the colonists and 1110:, a legendary woman from the 356:(inclusive orthographic code) 23543:Endangered Romance languages 19813:An extract in Sardinian from 19686:Dizionario etimologico sardo 19611:Spano, Giovanni. 1851–1852. 19608:. Cagliari: Reale Stamperia. 19573:. Cagliari: Reale Stamperia. 19562:Pittau, Massimo. 2000–2003. 19427:Il logudorese e il gallurese 19366:Jones, Michael Allen. 1993. 19254:. Cagliari: Condaghes, 2013. 19231:Manuale di linguistica sarda 19062:(in Italian). Archived from 18205:. In Haug, Dag T. T. (ed.). 17995:. Euromosaic. Archived from 17303:Archivio – La Nuova Sardegna 17278:Archivio – La Nuova Sardegna 17253:Archivio – La Nuova Sardegna 17036:(in Sardinian). 20 June 2017 15716:Gabriele Iannàccaro (2010). 14887:. Rizzoli. pp. 198–199. 14814:Il sardo: una lingua normale 14747:Manuale di linguistica sarda 14462:Pintore, Gianfranco (1996). 14346:Manuale di linguistica sarda 14003:Alessandro Carlucci (2013). 13961:Storia della Brigata Sassari 12857:. Nuoro: Ilisso. p. 43. 12740:. Torino: UTET. p. 913. 12635:Roberto Palmarocchi (1936). 12620:Roberto Palmarocchi (1936). 12577:Manuale di linguistica sarda 12512:Manuale di linguistica sarda 12322:Rime diverse, Cagliari, 1595 11764:Maria Teresa Laneri (2003). 11679:incomprehensible language". 11562:Storia della Sardegna antica 11381:"Domna, tant vos ai preiada" 11115:. Rizzoli. pp. 176–177. 11085:. Nuoro: Ilisso. p. 84. 11003:. Padova: CEDAM. p. 88. 10988:. Padova: CEDAM. p. 44. 10875:. Nuoro: Ilisso. p. 65. 10760:. Nuoro: Ilisso. p. 64. 10705:. Nuoro: Ilisso. p. 75. 10611:(4): 105–111. Archived from 10480:Storia della Sardegna antica 10427:Storia della Sardegna antica 10277:Storia della Sardegna antica 9666:. Nuoro: Ilisso. p. 10. 9525:. Cagliari: CUEC. p. 9. 8592: 7959:Sia santificato il tuo nome. 7915:Bèngiat a nois su rennu tuo, 7888:Babbu nostu chi ses in celu, 7850:on earth as it is in heaven. 7685:(once the metropolis of the 7496: 6767:Jai ses totu istudiatu, tue! 6517:left-dislocated construction 4692: 4646: 4623: 4249: 3905:Bilingual Italian–Sardinian 3612:Ministry of Public Education 3348:During the mobilization for 2360:in 1470 and finally that of 2168:from the 13th–14th centuries 1930:'s Condaghe, 22 (1120–1146) 7: 23360:Mediterranean Lingua Franca 19824:List of Sardinian forenames 19477:Mongili, Alessandro. 2015. 19345:Hubschmid, Johannes. 1953. 18897:Bolognesi, Roberto (2013). 18865:Corongiu, Giuseppe (2013). 18325:Corongiu, Giuseppe (2013). 18285:Bolognesi, Roberto (2013). 17956:Bolognesi, Roberto (2013). 17010:(in Sardinian). 9 June 2017 16793:(in Italian). 15 March 2023 16272:"Do you speak... su Sardu?" 13818:Fiorenzo Toso (2008). "2". 13521:problema della lingua sarda 13403:. Rhesis UniCa. p. 21. 13228:, Bernardo Titard, Cagliari 12914:Alessandro Mongili (2015). 12884:Bolognesi, Roberto (1998). 12549:. Vol. 6. p. 139. 12389:. Il Maestrale. p. 35. 11990:Max Leopold Wagner (1951). 11899:. Il Maestrale. p. 24. 11873:Max Leopold Wagner (1997). 11779:Max Leopold Wagner (1997). 10904:, La memoria storica, p. 15 10302:Erdély történetének atlasza 10032:, Ελλάδοσ περιήγησισ, X, 17 9874:Max Leopold Wagner (1951). 9614:Paolo Pompilio (1455–91): " 9569:. Vol. 1. p. 199. 9181:Corongiu, Giuseppe (2010). 8293:to "Lettera al Maestro" in 8281:, Mediolani, t. 2, col.1049 8097: 7917:Siat fata sa voluntade tua, 7894:Siat fata sa boluntadi tua, 7871:Siat fata sa boluntade tua, 7869:Benzat a nois su rennu tou, 7693:, Rome, Constantinople and 6828:("I don't understand you"). 6594:non de abba, abbardente est 3921:Sardinian is classified by 3542:development of the island. 3529:national legislator in Rome 3388:Compulsory military service 3283:("The Sardinian Union"), a 3277:A Sardinian family reading 3205:", written in Italian. The 3122:Ortographia sarda nationale 3001:I quadrupedi della Sardegna 2780:who translated the Italian 2266:led to the creation of the 2043:wrote in his 1302–05 essay 1803:Sardinian medieval kingdoms 1210:vowel (such as the toponym 1174:; for example, the suffix - 1121:mythological figure of the 1050:Origins of modern Sardinian 978:content into sub-articles, 767:that are spoken in various 753: 170:1 million (2010, 2016) 57:content into sub-articles, 10: 23559: 23062:(mixed Portuguese–Spanish) 22088:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata 21882:Central−Southern Calabrian 20745:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata 20228:Central-Southern Calabrian 19928:, Sardegna Digital Library 19921:(in Campidanese Sardinian) 19691:Wolf, Heinz Jürgen. 1998. 19668:. Halle (Saale): Niemayer. 19527:Pira, Michelangelo. 1984. 19331:Corongiu, Giuseppe. 2020. 19324:Corongiu, Giuseppe. 2013. 19297:. Quartu Sant'Elena: Alfa. 19250:Bolognesi, Roberto. 2013. 19236:Bolognesi, Roberto. 1998. 18563:Roberto Bolognesi (2013). 18393:Roberto Bolognesi (2013). 18037:Roberto Bolognesi (2000). 17993:"Sardinian in Italy, 1995" 17907:). Paulis, Giulio (2001). 17774:. De Gruyter. p. 487. 17356:. De Gruyter. p. 506. 15902:Roberto Bolognesi (2000). 15386:Pinna, M.T. Catte (1992). 15359:www.cortecostituzionale.it 15149:Georgina Ashworth (1977). 14956:Brigaglia, Manlio (1982). 14842:Roberto Bolognesi (1998). 14798:Roberto Bolognesi (2013). 14656:Brigaglia, Manlio (1982). 14448:Brigaglia, Manlio (1982). 14330:. De Gruyter. p. 499. 14055:Folk festivals in Sardinia 13648:Salvatore Carboni (1881). 13208:Francesco Gemelli (1776). 13100:Michele Loporcaro (2009). 12818:Antonio Bresciani (1861). 12433:Ploaghe's official website 12385:Francesco Manconi (2010). 12358:Olaya, Vicente G. (2019), 11895:Francesco Manconi (2010). 11582:Arabi e sardi nel Medioevo 11532:Sardinia in Arabic sources 10902:Manoscritti e lingua sarda 10808:M. Wescher e M. Blancard, 10653:Michele Loporcaro (2009). 10569:Atlas of Romance languages 10453:Ferruccio Barreca (1988). 9916:"Sardinian : Italian" 9236:Roberto Bolognesi (2000). 9203:Roberto Bolognesi (2000). 9076:. De Gruyter. p. 499. 8611:Cambridge University Press 8295:Ines Loi Corvetto (1993). 8083: 7986: 7942:sicut in cælo et in terra. 7860:but deliver us from evil. 7856:as we forgive our debtors. 7665:, and central part of the 7500: 6730:Prepositional accusative: 6666:Nci funt is pratus in mesa 4962: 4713: 4253: 4054:In 2021 the Prosecutor of 4035:Debian Edition 2 "Betsy", 3977:Church of the Pater Noster 3492: 2856:Victor Amadeus II of Savoy 2847:. In 1717 a Spanish fleet 2820: 2565:pocos, locos, y mal unidos 2251: 2232:lingua sive ydiomate sardo 2153:political past within the 2074:Domna, tant vos ai preiada 1800: 1675:and many other toponyms). 1620:(businessmen) of strictly 1437: 1286:northern African languages 1106: 1058: 1055:Prenuragic and Nuragic era 1006: 942: 889:in North Africa, known as 417:– inclusive code Sardinian 18: 23467: 23451: 23402: 23351: 23275: 23079: 23052: 23001: 22853: 22739: 22685: 22666: 22617: 22284: 22037: 22028: 21989: 21869: 21754: 21743: 21654: 21616: 21562: 21488: 21408: 21375: 21325: 21314: 21268: 21151: 21121: 21084: 21075: 21039: 21002: 20949: 20940: 20900: 20896: 20874: 20813: 20777: 20735: 20687: 20558:Comasco-Lecchese dialects 20510: 20467: 20458: 20422: 20404: 20395: 20359: 20341: 20332: 20296: 20264: 20218: 20146: 20110: 20092: 20074: 20065: 20061: 19994: 19841:Lessico etimologico sardo 19791:(Sardinian spell checker) 19510:. Sassari: Carlo Delfino. 19425:Mameli, Francesco. 1998. 19422:. Quartu Sant'Elena: C.R. 19354:Storia della lingua sarda 19293:Casula, Francesco. 2010. 19268:Brigaglia, Manlio. 1982. 19257:Brigaglia, Manlio. 1982. 18567:. Condaghes. p. 138. 18397:. Condaghes. p. 141. 17448:www.ling.uni-stuttgart.de 16469:(in Italian). 4 July 2017 16250:"Il sardo è un dialetto?" 15588:Storia della lingua sarda 15490:Storia della lingua sarda 15019:. Peter Lang. p. 45. 14646:, Torino, Einaudi, p. 749 14364:Manlio Brigaglia (1982). 14360:La Sardegna contemporanea 14165:Francesco Atzeni (2005). 14053:Giancarlo Deidda (1990). 14038:Manlio Brigaglia (1982). 14034:La Sardegna contemporanea 13945:Alfredo Graziani (2003). 13879:Manlio Brigaglia (1982). 13864:Manlio Brigaglia (1982). 13846:Manlio Brigaglia (1982). 13560:Manlio Brigaglia (1982). 13380:Manlio Brigaglia (1982). 13362:Manlio Brigaglia (1982). 13084:Bruno Migliorini (1957). 13035:Sardegna fra tante lingue 13015:Manlio Brigaglia (1982). 12992:Joan Armangué i Herrero. 12590:Manlio Brigaglia (1982). 12465:Bruno Migliorini (1969). 12449:Manlio Brigaglia (1982). 12058:Turtas, Raimondo (1981). 11653:. De Gruyter. p. 65. 11512:Dittamondo III XII 56 ss. 11277:"Dante Online – Le Opere" 11096:Carlo Tagliavini (1964). 10930:p. 264, Il Maestrale 2005 10915:Istoria de sa limba sarda 10494:Toponomastica barbaricina 10300:Bereznay, András (2011). 10244:10.1038/s41588-018-0215-8 9554:. Nuova ERI. p. 269. 8997:Carlo Tagliavini (1982). 8863:Henriette Walter (1994). 8848:Carlo Tagliavini (1982). 8550:Similar dynamics led the 8369:In Spano's dedication to 8263:Ludovico Antonio Muratori 8248:"Perseus Digital Library" 8052:Ufitziu de sa Limba Sarda 7963:Sia fatta la tua volontà, 7936:sanctificetur nomen tuum. 7854:and forgive us our debts, 6522:cussa cantone apo cantadu 6515:A common occurrence of a 6506: 6391: 5778: 5165: 5088: 5076: 5061: 5046: 5038: 5026: 5011: 4996: 4988: 4903: 4876: 4873: 4785:Eastern Romance languages 4781:Italo-Dalmatian languages 4741:Western Romance languages 4557: 4533: 4498: 4417: 4313: 4273: 3435:Irish War of Independence 3007:indole della lingua sarda 2913:responded suggesting the 2554:llengua antigua del Regne 2529:archbishopric of Cagliari 2318:tot reges quot sunt ville 1747:; compare with Sardinian 1516:'source, fountainhead'), 1337:"cool, fresh"; Sardinian 859:and, to a lesser extent, 487: 467: 453: 437: 404: 386: 368: 363: 338: 309: 304: 263: 235: 174: 164: 154: 144: 134: 122: 100: 95: 90: 22370:North American dialects 21877:Extreme Southern Italian 21269:Administrative divisions 19933:20 February 2012 at the 19846:SardegnaCultura in sardu 19820:(archived 15 March 2018) 19658:. Milano: Franco Angeli. 19654:Virdis, Maurizio. 2019. 19625:. Cagliari: Della Torre. 19531:. Cagliari: Della Torre. 19460:Mensching, Guido. 1992. 19415:. Quart Sant'Elena: C.R. 18776:Pittau, Massimo (2005). 18723:Francesco Cetti (1774). 18651: 18646: 18474:Contini, Michel (1987). 18244:Francesco Cetti (1774). 17323:Shigeaki Sugeta (2000). 15723:. pp. 237, 270–271. 15355:"Corte costituzionale -" 14918:www.europenowjournal.org 14802:. Condaghes. p. 66. 14730:Salvatore Serra (2021). 13427:Maurizio Virdis (2012). 13131:Rivista storica italiana 13037:. Condaghes. p. 25. 12869:Francesco Corda (1994). 12801:Francesco D'Austria-Este 12653:, Iskra, Ghilarza, p. 86 12129:Raimondo Turtas (2001). 12114:Michelle Hobart (2017). 11810:Casula, Francesco Cesare 11747:Casula, Francesco Cesare 11574:Translation provided by 11560:Attilio Mastino (2005). 11466:Alberto Varvaro (2004). 11153:Francesco Bruni (1996). 10478:Attilio Mastino (2009). 10425:Attilio Mastino (2009). 10275:Attilio Mastino (2005). 10125:Serra, Marcello (1978). 9696:Tullio De Mauro (1979). 9550:Giovanni Lilliu (1988). 9370:Maurizio Virdis (2012). 8751:Francesco Corda (1994). 8631:Lubello, Sergio (2016). 8297:La Sardegna e la Corsica 8187: 8139:Paleo-Sardinian language 7883:Et libera nos dae male. 6801:in reflexive sentences: 6724:Ancu ti falet unu lampu! 4958: 4721: 4236:second-language learners 4207:italiano regionale sardo 4153:Bilingual road signs in 3703:in Sardinian and Italian 3364:Sassari Infantry Brigade 3329:of San Pietro di Silki ( 3310:Friedrich Christian Diez 3231:replaced by the Italian 3106:Pietro Martini in 1863. 2959:Universities of Cagliari 2687:Vicente Bacallar y Sanna 2664:Cosmographia universalis 2431:Catalan-speaking enclave 2335:Peter IV the Ceremonious 1655:, presumably cognate of 1075:Nuragic bronze statuette 1061:Paleo-Sardinian language 478:dialects) and dark red ( 21:Paleo-Sardinian language 21789:Central−Northern Latian 20118:Central-Northern Latian 19926:Memorie in lingua sarda 19917:8 February 2020 at the 19851:19 January 2021 at the 19830:Antoninu Rubattu's site 19787:11 October 2017 at the 19647:Tola, Salvatore. 2006. 19638:Tola, Salvatore. 2006. 19604:Spano, Giovanni. 1840. 19590:Rohlfs, Gerhard. 1970. 19555:Pittau, Massimo. 2001. 19548:Pittau, Massimo. 1997. 19541:Pittau, Massimo. 1991. 19534:Pittau, Massimo. 1972. 19529:Sardegna tra due lingue 19432:Marci, Giuseppe. 2005. 19418:Lepori, Antonio. 2005. 19411:Lepori, Antonio. 2001. 19404:Lepori, Antonio. 1988. 19397:Lepori, Antonio. 1987. 19390:Lepori, Antonio. 1983. 19383:Lepori, Antonio. 1980. 19288:S'italianu in Sardìnnia 18869:. Cagliari: Condaghes. 17915:, Cagliari, CUEC, p. 16 17770:Sergio Lubello (2016). 17352:Sergio Lubello (2016). 16124:www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca 16086:Damien Simonis (2003). 15810:25 January 2012 at the 15626:"Sprechen in Sardinien" 15372:Andrea Deplano (1996). 15193:Mura, Giovanni (1999). 14326:Sergio Lubello (2016). 14256:Antioco Casula (1982). 14083:Massimo Pittau (2005). 13750:, Cagliari, CUEC, p. 88 13703:Pietro Martini (1847). 13537:Massimo Pittau (2005). 13470:Johanne Ispanu (1840). 13317:Febres, Andres (1786). 13144:Clemente Caria (1981). 12976:Luciano Guerci (2006). 12693:Luigi La Rocca (1905). 12678:Rossana Poddine Rattu. 12294:. CUEC. pp. 30–31. 12272:Conrad Gessner (1555). 11336:, Rizzoli, 1975, p. 195 11300:Encyclopedia Britannica 11065:Salvatore Tola (2006). 11032:Salvatore Tola (2006). 10928:La Sardegna dei Giudici 10792:Francesco Cesare Casula 10596:Zhang, Huiying (2015). 9975:Ugas, Giovanni (2017). 9792:. Pamiela Argitaletxea. 9683:Encyclopedia Britannica 9521:Salvatore Tola (2006). 9072:Sergio Lubello (2016). 8883:Encyclopedia Britannica 8766:Antonio Lepori (1979). 8736:Massimo Pittau (2005). 7952:sed libera nos a malo. 6677:("What") + adjective + 6579:Juanni est istadu mortu 4791:, the plural ends with 3660:Italian Communist Party 3308:(1856–1860) written by 3220:S'hymnu sardu nationale 2719:(funeral laments), the 2628:Il Dialogo delle lingue 2442:Alfonso the Magnanimous 2402:Ioannes Franciscus Fara 2397:Giovanni Francesco Fara 2364:in 1478, celebrated in 1325:"marshland" and Basque 603:[ˈliŋɡwaˈzaɾda] 349:Campidanese orthography 294: 283: 22093:Gallo-Italic of Sicily 21480:National football team 20750:Gallo-Italic of Sicily 20542:Bustocco and Legnanese 19905:24 August 2020 at the 19559:. Cagliari: Gasperini. 19552:. Cagliari: Gasperini. 19520:Pili, Marcello. 2004. 19513:Paulis, Giulio. 1992. 19506:Paulis, Giulio. 1987. 19488:. Cagliari: Condaghes. 19481:. Cagliari: Condaghes. 19450:. Cagliari: Condaghes. 19335:. Cagliari: Condaghes. 19311:. Nuoro: Il Maestrale. 19247:. Cagliari: Condaghes. 19216:. Turin: Giappichelli. 18712:, Taphros, 2010, Olbia 17872:Glyn Williams (2005). 15691:James Minahan (2000). 15015:Paolo Coluzzi (2007). 14492:Salvi, Sergio (1974). 14272:"Poddighe, Salvatore. 14087:. Sassari: C. Delfino. 13932:"Moschetto e dialetto" 13930:Fiorenzo Toso (2014). 13529:lingua nazionale sarda 13224:Madau, Matteo (1782). 13164:www.sardegnacultura.it 12853:Giulio Bechi (1997) . 12248: 12152:www.sardegnacultura.it 11931:lib. I, tit. 4, cap. 1 11612:Luigi Pinelli (1977). 11523: 11244: 10856:Luigi Pinelli (1977). 10776:Luigi Pinelli (1977). 10750: 10744: 10738: 10732: 10669:Marcus Terentius Varro 10567:Koryakov Y.B. (2001). 9868: 9862: 9856: 9850: 9616: 9565:Yakov Malkiel (1947). 8491:Priamo Farris (2016). 8450:la lingua della Patria 8335: 8310: 8273: 8267: 8226: 7975:Ma liberaci dal male. 7929:E lìbera་nos de male. 7827:Campidanese Sardinian 7752: 7516: 6861: 6852: 6839: 6833: 6825:Non ti so cumprendende 6824: 6812: 6803: 6797: 6788: 6782: 6777: 6766: 6753: 6747: 6741: 6732: 6723: 6717: 6709: 6700: 6694: 6685: 6679: 6673: 6665: 6659: 6653: 6647: 6641: 6635: 6626: 6620: 6614: 6608: 6599: 6593: 6587: 6578: 6573:A Juanni ddu ant mortu 6572: 6563: 6557: 6542: 6536: 6530: 6521: 4826:and were once used in 4265: 4240:in-group and out-group 4220: 4206: 4182: 4157: 4132:University of Cagliari 4110: 3988: 3913: 3827: 3785: 3775: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3729: 3721: 3713: 3704: 3642: 3633:University of Cagliari 3625:Sardinian nationalists 3606: 3600: 3594: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3534: 3512: 3439:Sardinian Action Party 3418: 3358: 3337: 3331: 3318:Graziadio Isaia Ascoli 3304: 3298: 3296:in Romance languages ( 3288: 3262:sa lingua de su famini 3261: 3255: 3180: 3174: 3168: 3162: 3144: 3112: 3098: 3083: 3057: 3043: 3037: 3012: 3006: 3000: 2990: 2988:Francesco Gemelli, in 2981: 2967: 2949: 2915: 2905: 2895: 2813: 2788: 2782: 2769:, as requested by the 2751: 2743: 2737: 2731: 2721: 2715: 2709: 2703: 2695: 2691:Real Academia Española 2675:Count-Duke of Olivares 2654: 2648: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2605: 2599: 2590: 2576: 2570: 2564: 2558: 2548: 2542: 2436: 2421: 2408:Juanne Frantziscu Fara 2407: 2401: 2372: 2366: 2343:William II of Narbonne 2329: 2312: 2306: 2288: 2236: 2180: 2174: 2169: 2148: 2136: 2126: 2102: 2096: 2082: 2061: 2055: 2033: 2027: 2017: 2007: 2001: 1995: 1882: 1816: 1755: 1749: 1743: 1737: 1540:, diminutive of Punic 1397: 1389: 1345:"stranger"; Sardinian 1341:"vagabond" and Basque 1077: 927: 851: 786: 702: 590: 585:[ˈlimbaˈzaɾða] 574:[ˈlimbaˈzaɾda] 561: 551: 536: 489:This article contains 346:Logudorese orthography 112: 105: 23528:Languages of Sardinia 22580:Poitevin–Saintongeais 21438:Sa die de sa Sardigna 21385:Elections in Sardinia 21173:Italian Sign Language 21122:Other German dialects 20265:Other Italo-Dalmatian 19941:Sardinian from Ittiri 19872:10 March 2012 at the 19408:. Cagliari: Castello. 19401:. Cagliari: Castello. 19394:. Cagliari: Castello. 19392:Zibaldone campidanese 19361:The Romance languages 19338:Farina, Luigi. 1987. 19233:. Berlin: De Gruyter. 19226:. Berlin: De Gruyter. 18928:"Finché la barca va…" 18494:, Condaghes, Cagliari 18420:Intonation in Romance 18262:"Marinella Lőrinczi, 17274:"Limba made in Japan" 16742:"SkypeInYourLanguage" 15941:Universität Stuttgart 14883:Sergio Salvi (1974). 14291:Poddighe, Salvatore. 14204:Est torradu Montanaru 14100:Marcel A. Farinelli, 14068:Sergio Salvi (1974). 13899:Storia della Sardegna 13761:"Spanu, Gian Nicola. 13674:Sergio Salvi (1974). 13656:Sergio Salvi (1974). 13344:Sergio Salvi (1974). 13053:Sergio Salvi (1974). 12649:Cardia, Amos (2006). 12525:Joaquín Arce (1960). 12228:Joaquín Arce (1960). 11347:The Romance Languages 11315:De Vulgari Eloquentia 11111:Sergio Salvi (1975). 10640:The Romance languages 10142:The History of Basque 10004:, Sassari 1981, p. 57 9698:L'Italia delle Italie 9340:The Romance languages 9324:The Romance languages 8979:Enciclopedia Italiana 8802:. Ossi: LogoSardigna. 8371:Charles Albert's wife 8342:Garipa, Ioan Matheu. 8205:ex paganitate veniens 8092:Sardinian given names 8023:Eduardo Blasco Ferrer 8019:Limba Sarda Unificada 7938:adveniat regnum tuum, 7906:Et liberasi de mali. 7844:hallowed be thy name. 7824:Logudorese Sardinian 7750: 7529:pluricentric language 7514: 6757:("I did go to bed"). 4965:Sardinian conjugation 4597:‡ Mainly in Nuorese. 4269:Sardinian Consonants 4263: 4190:cultural assimilation 4171: 4152: 4108: 4031:for Android and iOS, 3975: 3904: 3881:Still, some national 3698: 3506: 3384:Austro-Hungarian Army 3276: 3256:sa limba de su famine 3138: 3094:Giovanni Maria Angioy 3079:such political unrest 2932:Eduardo Blasco Ferrer 2803: 2186:abbey of Montecassino 2163: 2070:Raimbaut de Vaqueiras 2046:De vulgari eloquentia 1959:Eduardo Blasco Ferrer 1876: 1849:, their attention on 1847:fallen to the Muslims 1810: 1508:'spring' (cf. Hebrew 1395: 1387: 1222:(such as the toponym 1072: 849: 757: 616:Western Mediterranean 531: 291:Campidanese Sardinian 22389:St. Marys Bay French 21913:Neapolitan–Calabrese 21340:Sardinia and Corsica 20625:Southwestern Lombard 19867:University of Berlin 19729:improve this article 19446:Maxia, Mauro. 2006. 19370:. London: Routledge. 19342:. Sassari: Gallizzi. 19286:Cardia, Amos. 2006. 19283:. Cagliari: I Sardi. 19279:Cardia, Amos. 2004. 19069:on 24 September 2015 18708:4 March 2016 at the 17704:. 26 September 2017. 17520:Naomi Wells (2012). 17394:Naomi Wells (2012). 16204:BuongiornoAlghero.it 15967:www.rivistaetnie.com 15613:Italian Constitution 14311:Bolognesi, Roberto. 14202:"Masala, Francesco. 14181:"Casula, Francesco. 13978:. 1997. p. 346. 13455:Amos Cardia (2006). 13289:Amos Cardia (2006). 13115:Amos Cardia (2006). 12980:. UTET. p. 576. 12960:Amos Cardia (2006). 12949:, Treccani, "Storia" 12899:Amos Cardia (2006). 12605:Amos Cardia (2006). 12133:. EDES. p. 236. 11829:Il Regno di Sardegna 11723:Il Regno di Sardegna 11698:Il Regno di Sardegna 11416:Max Leopold Wagner. 11362:Marinella Lőrinczi. 11296:"Sardinian language" 10745:praefectus praetorii 10182:Wagner M.L. (1931). 10097:"Personaggi – Sardo" 10058:Gaius Julius Solinus 9777:. De Gruyter Mouton. 9679:"Sardinian language" 9634:Adams, J.N. (2007). 8677:, Italian Parliament 8383:Al giovanetto alunno 8234:"Cicero: Pro Scauro" 7677:(the languages) and 7673:). Examples include 7663:Province of Oristano 7545:su sardu campidanesu 6633:Existential uses of 4747:, Catalan, Spanish, 4216:italiànu porcheddìnu 4080:University of Girona 4049:Consulta de su Sardu 3767:Dr. Drer e CRC Posse 3670:Constitutional Court 3507:A bilingual sign in 3402:speakers during the 3225:Cunservet Deus su Re 3047:, who returned from 2707:(sacred hymns), the 2237:Condagues de Sardina 2194:Judicate of Cagliari 2124:, wrote in his work 1440:Sardinia and Corsica 1329:"puddle"; Sardinian 1065:Nuragic civilization 806:A 1949 study by the 674:Byzantine possession 280:Logudorese Sardinian 113:limba / lìngua sarda 23533:Languages of Europe 23523:Culture of Sardinia 22741:Galician–Portuguese 21767:Central Marchigiano 21443:Tourist attractions 20925:Vaccarizzo Albanian 19741:footnote references 19682:Wagner, Max Leopold 19672:Wagner, Max Leopold 19662:Wagner, Max Leopold 19545:. Sassari: Delfino. 19517:. Sassari: Delfino. 19495:, 7, 2, 131: 1–19, 19185:, 7, 2, 131: 1–19, 19106:10.1075/wlp.8.13gob 18932:Bolognesu: in sardu 18652:Вопросы Языкознания 18542:Bolognesu: in sardu 18201:Wolfe, Sam (2015). 17945:. 2 September 2016. 17536:Carlo Pala (2016). 17341:. 10 November 2016. 17185:. 15 February 2018. 16604:. 19 December 2014. 16144:. 31 December 2018. 15545:. 16 December 2012. 15429:Le lingue dei sardi 15083:Carlo Pala (2016). 14568:Carlo Pala (2016). 14466:. Nuoro: Insula, 13 14393:Fiorenzo Caterini, 14379:Carlo Pala (2016). 14293:Sa Mundana Cummédia 14274:Sa Mundana Cummedia 14206:, Messaggero, 1982" 14140:, Sardegna Cultura" 13992:. 13 November 2009. 12728:Ines Loi Corvetto. 12701:. pp. 180–188. 12401:Casula, Francesco. 12045:Paolo Maninchedda, 12023:, 1990, pp. 417-423 11403:www.rialto.unina.it 11254:, (Lib. I, XI, 7), 10926:Gian Giacomo Ortu, 10214:. 22 December 2017. 10171:. 22 December 2017. 10107:on 11 December 2022 10084:Thapsumque iacentem 8885:. 4 December 2023. 8879:"Romance languages" 8700:on 26 February 2021 7961:Venga il tuo regno, 7794:-speaking towns of 7775:There are also two 7697:. Examples include 7671:su sardu de mesania 7537:su sardu logudoresu 7507:Campidanese dialect 7444:cāseum (fōrmāticum) 6736:("I've seen Mary"). 6558:Sunt lòmpios cando? 4985: 4602: 4270: 4256:Sardinian phonology 4167:European Commission 4116:European Commission 3987:plaque in Sardinian 3887:Italian acceptation 3842:, Catalan, German, 3616:indigenous language 3470:Sa Mundana Cummedia 3366:on 1 March 1915 at 3323:Wilhelm Meyer-Lübke 3215:Kingdom of Sardinia 3141:Kingdom of Sardinia 2422:no scit su catalanu 2347:end of Aztec Mexico 2294:Judicate of Arborea 2268:Kingdom of Sardinia 2155:Exarchate of Africa 1983:Judicate of Arborea 1828:Exarchate of Africa 1772:Exarchate of Africa 1717:Grotta della Vipera 1642:latrones mastrucati 1377:to be close to the 1038:influences include 1009:History of Sardinia 970:readable prose size 686:sphere of influence 666:history of Sardinia 311:Recognised minority 295:(sardu campidanesu) 49:readable prose size 23538:Languages of Italy 23513:Sardinian language 23155:Catalan Ribagorçan 23002:Pyrenean–Mozarabic 22274:Judaeo-Piedmontese 22184:Bustocco–Legnanese 21979:Northern Calabrian 20760:Judaeo-Piedmontese 20736:Other Gallo-Italic 19988:Languages of Italy 19538:. Bologna: Pàtron. 19290:. Ghilarza: Iskra. 18523:, Condaghes, p. 93 17374:on 10 October 2017 16686:on 31 January 2017 16602:www.labarbagia.net 16495:on 11 August 2017. 16422:Antonio Maccioni. 16178:SassariNotizie.com 15632:. 28 January 2017. 15569:on 11 October 2017 14885:Le lingue tagliate 14709:Il Manifesto Sardo 14692:. 20 January 1981. 14620:on 20 October 2020 14549:on 30 October 2020 14523:on 20 October 2020 14494:Le lingue tagliate 14242:Il Manifesto Sardo 14146:on 30 October 2020 14119:Il Manifesto Sardo 13777:on 11 October 2017 13637:. Milano: Meltemi. 13170:on 25 January 2018 12481:M. Lepori (2003). 12344:Giancarlo Sorgia, 12158:on 25 January 2018 11925:J. Dexart (1645). 11540:on 11 October 2017 11530:"Contu, Giuseppe. 11432:on 26 January 2016 11281:www.danteonline.it 11179:"La Carta de Logu" 10736:, alla seconda un 10618:on 19 January 2018 10492:Wolf H. J., 1998, 10074:Isidore of Seville 9957:on 16 October 2018 9539:. 1962. p. 5. 9386:minority languages 9094:on 16 October 2018 8903:. Olzai: Ilienses. 8467:Francesco Casula. 8177:Sardinian surnames 8134:Help:IPA/Sardinian 8086:Sardinian surnames 8039:Limba Sarda Comuna 7989:Limba Sarda Comuna 7940:fiat voluntas tua, 7753: 7578:) by the Spanish. 7517: 7503:Logudorese dialect 6686:Ite bellu chi ses! 4984: 4600: 4268: 4266: 4158: 4111: 3989: 3914: 3709:traditional genres 3705: 3535:piani di rinascita 3513: 3454:Sardinian surnames 3343:Max Leopold Wagner 3289: 3269:Late modern period 3243:Victor Emmanuel II 3145: 3067:Victor Amadeus III 2945:Sardinian banditry 2814: 2521:diocese of Alghero 2339:victory at Sanluri 2264:Pope Boniface VIII 2242:Judicate of Torres 2196:and was issued by 2170: 2114:Muhammad al-Idrisi 2018:republica sardisca 1883: 1817: 1713:Gruta 'e sa Pibera 1476:'forest, scrub'), 1398: 1390: 1078: 876:Max Leopold Wagner 852: 782:Max Leopold Wagner 698:minority languages 537: 353:Limba Sarda Comuna 284:(sardu logudoresu) 274:Limba Sarda Comuna 23500: 23499: 23476:extinct languages 23398: 23397: 23075: 23074: 23034:Navarro-Aragonese 22919:Peruvian Ribereño 22844:Judaeo-Portuguese 22759:Galician–Asturian 22662: 22661: 22653:Old Gallo-Romance 22607:Wisconsin Walloon 22024: 22023: 21997:Dalmatian Romance 21605:Romance languages 21571: 21570: 21395:Political parties 21221: 21220: 21200: 21199: 21147: 21146: 21104:Southern Bavarian 21071: 21070: 21035: 21034: 21027:Triestine Serbian 20936: 20935: 20911:Arbëresh language 20872: 20871: 20868: 20867: 20809: 20808: 20773: 20772: 20526:Brianzöö dialects 20454: 20453: 20391: 20390: 20328: 20327: 20292: 20291: 19817:The Little Prince 19769: 19768: 19761: 19678:. Berne: Francke. 19644:. Cagliari: CUEC. 19436:. Cagliari: CUEC. 19387:. Cagliari: CUEC. 19356:. Cagliari: CUEC. 19240:. Amsterdam: HIL. 19209:. Cagliari: CUEC. 19026:on 15 August 2020 18876:978-88-7356-214-6 18821:978-88-921-6380-5 18787:978-88-7138-372-9 18753:Pittau, Massimo. 18437:978-0-19-968533-2 18336:978-88-7356-214-6 18296:978-88-7356-225-2 18216:978-90-272-6818-1 18141:La Nuova Sardegna 17830:L'Unione Sarda.it 17674:. 8 January 2016. 17656:. 9 January 2016. 17577:la Nuova Sardegna 17229:. 8 November 2015 17201:la Nuova Sardegna 17157:la Nuova Sardegna 17087:La Nuova Sardegna 16990:La Nuova Sardegna 16972:La Nuova Sardegna 16936:La Nuova Sardegna 16823:on 16 August 2017 16791:La Nuova Sardegna 16728:La Nuova Sardegna 16622:. 8 January 2016. 16578:. 15 October 2013 16576:la Nuova Sardegna 16551:la Nuova Sardegna 16511:La Nuova Sardegna 16449:L'Unione Sarda.it 16402:la Nuova Sardegna 16356:la Nuova Sardegna 16142:La Nuova Sardegna 16105:978-1-74059-033-4 15741:. 2 November 2013 15669:Messaggero Veneto 15543:La Nuova Sardegna 15525:La Nuova Sardegna 15509:. 7 October 2011. 15507:La Nuova Sardegna 15443:on 7 January 2018 15412:978-88-921-6380-5 15266:978-88-921-6380-5 14853:978-90-5569-043-5 14816:, Condaghes, 2013 14496:, Rizzoli, p. 193 14121:. 2 January 2016. 14022:. LaBarbagia.net. 13829:978-88-15-36114-1 13635:Filosofia de logu 13525:italiano illustre 13395:Maurizio Virdis. 12736:Francesco Bruni. 12429:"Cimitero antico" 12278:. pp. 66–67. 12230:España en Cerdeña 11838:978-88-98062-10-2 11768:. Cagliari: CUEC. 11732:978-88-98062-10-2 11707:978-88-98062-10-2 11494:. 27 October 2013 11256:The Latin Library 11139:978-3-11-132911-6 10939:Maurizio Virdis, 10555:978-88-7138-084-1 10402:978-0-521-81771-4 10315:978-80-89286-45-4 10238:(10): 1426–1434. 10212:La Nuova Sardegna 10197:1981;58(3):344–8. 10169:La Nuova Sardegna 9929:978-3-11-011724-0 9647:978-1-139-46881-7 9567:Romance Philology 9481:Story of Language 8524:(18 aprile 1978, 8522:La Nuova Sardegna 8209:Gregory the Great 7980: 7979: 7848:thy will be done, 7846:thy kingdom come, 7800:San Pietro Island 7735:, Logudorese and 7701:(the rivers) and 7667:Province of Nuoro 7653:, "stairway" and 7629:, "language" and 7583:su sardu nugoresu 7553:dialect continuum 7494: 7493: 6504: 6503: 4942: 4941: 4783:like Italian, or 4711: 4710: 4601:Sardinian Vowels 4592: 4591: 4470: 4427: 4370: 4323: 4139:Council of Europe 4100:Waseda University 3925:as a "definitely 3795:Stranos Elementos 3678:Province of Nuoro 3665:Council of Europe 3489:Present situation 3160:the polemic book 3075:French Revolution 2968:Lamento del Regno 2941:Antonio Bresciani 2713:(lullabies), the 2679:Habsburg monarchy 2660:Sebastian Münster 2611:Hieronimu Araolla 2606:Rimas Spirituales 2549:llengua cortesana 2516: 2515: 2479:(A. Cano, ~1400) 2356:in 1353, that of 2192:) comes from the 2132:The book of Roger 2111:Muslim geographer 1939: 1938: 1574:Campidanese plain 1454:Italian peninsula 1402:Arzachena culture 1361:for ) and Basque 1133:Etruscan language 1005: 1004: 841:Maurice Le Lannou 816:Romance languages 684:into the Iberian 529: 515: 514: 497:rendering support 493:phonetic symbols. 480:sardu campidanesu 419:Individual codes: 357: 340:Regulated by 331: 323: 84: 83: 51:was 17,000 words. 23550: 23021:Judaeo-Aragonese 23010:Andalusi Romance 22863:Amazonic Spanish 22700:Western Asturian 22683: 22682: 22622:Franco-Provençal 22293: 22292: 22189:Comasco–Lecchese 22047:Emilian–Romagnol 22035: 22034: 21835:Regional Italian 21825:Italo-Australian 21752: 21751: 21674:Megleno-Romanian 21598: 21591: 21584: 21575: 21574: 21519:Corso-Sardinian 21320: 21260: 21259: 21248: 21241: 21234: 21225: 21224: 21212: 21209: 21186: 21167: 21112: 21082: 21081: 21046: 21045: 20947: 20946: 20927: 20907: 20906: 20898: 20897: 20889: 20884: 20883: 20882: 20859: 20852: 20845: 20820: 20819: 20784: 20783: 20726: 20712: 20705: 20689:Emilian–Romagnol 20678: 20671: 20657: 20648: 20641: 20634: 20627: 20620: 20611: 20604: 20597: 20588: 20581: 20574: 20567: 20560: 20551: 20544: 20535: 20528: 20465: 20464: 20445: 20424:Franco-Provençal 20402: 20401: 20377: 20339: 20338: 20334:Occitano-Romance 20303: 20302: 20255: 20241: 20220:Extreme Southern 20189: 20084:Regional Italian 20072: 20071: 20063: 20062: 20019:Franco-Provençal 19986: 19985: 19974: 19967: 19960: 19951: 19950: 19764: 19757: 19753: 19750: 19744: 19712: 19711: 19704: 19695:. Nuoro: Insula. 19629:Sugeta, Shigeaki 19619:Sugeta, Shigeaki 19601:. Sassari: Edes. 19368:Sardinian syntax 19315:Contini, Michele 19281:Apedala dimòniu! 19194: 19175: 19169: 19164: 19158: 19153: 19147: 19146: 19134: 19128: 19127: 19117: 19085: 19079: 19078: 19076: 19074: 19068: 19057: 19049: 19036: 19035: 19033: 19031: 19025: 19018: 19010: 19004: 19003: 19001: 18999: 18987: 18981: 18980: 18969: 18963: 18962: 18960: 18950: 18944: 18943: 18941: 18939: 18923: 18917: 18916: 18908: 18902: 18895: 18889: 18888: 18862: 18856: 18855: 18853: 18851: 18842:. Archived from 18832: 18826: 18825: 18806: 18800: 18799: 18773: 18767: 18766: 18764: 18762: 18750: 18744: 18737: 18731: 18730: 18719: 18713: 18697: 18691: 18690: 18688: 18686: 18680: 18674:. Archived from 18673: 18665: 18656: 18655: 18641: 18635: 18634: 18623: 18617: 18616: 18605: 18599: 18593: 18587: 18586: 18575: 18569: 18568: 18560: 18554: 18553: 18551: 18549: 18533: 18524: 18504: 18495: 18488: 18479: 18472: 18463: 18462: 18460: 18458: 18448: 18442: 18441: 18417: 18408: 18399: 18398: 18389: 18383: 18382: 18373: 18364: 18363: 18358:Massimo Pittau. 18355: 18349: 18348: 18322: 18313: 18312: 18282: 18273: 18272: 18270: 18258: 18252: 18251: 18240: 18234: 18227: 18221: 18220: 18198: 18192: 18191: 18183: 18177: 18176: 18167: 18161: 18160: 18151: 18145: 18144: 18143:. 23 March 2021. 18133: 18127: 18126: 18117: 18111: 18110: 18102: 18096: 18095: 18082: 18076: 18075: 18067: 18061: 18060: 18058: 18056: 18051:on 26 March 2023 18050: 18043: 18034: 18025: 18024: 18016: 18010: 18008: 18006: 18004: 17983: 17977: 17976: 17968: 17962: 17961: 17953: 17947: 17946: 17939: 17933: 17922: 17916: 17899: 17893: 17892: 17884: 17878: 17877: 17868: 17862: 17861: 17854: 17848: 17847: 17840: 17834: 17833: 17822: 17816: 17815: 17808: 17802: 17801: 17794: 17788: 17782: 17776: 17775: 17766: 17760: 17759: 17748: 17742: 17741: 17739: 17737: 17732:on 9 August 2017 17731: 17725:. Archived from 17724: 17712: 17706: 17705: 17698: 17692: 17691: 17682: 17676: 17675: 17664: 17658: 17657: 17646: 17640: 17639: 17637: 17635: 17620: 17614: 17613: 17611: 17609: 17595: 17589: 17588: 17586: 17584: 17569: 17563: 17562: 17560: 17558: 17548: 17542: 17541: 17538:Idee di Sardegna 17532: 17526: 17525: 17517: 17511: 17505: 17499: 17498: 17496: 17494: 17484: 17478: 17477: 17475: 17473: 17458: 17452: 17451: 17440: 17431: 17430: 17423: 17417: 17416: 17414: 17406: 17400: 17399: 17390: 17384: 17383: 17381: 17379: 17370:. Archived from 17364: 17358: 17357: 17349: 17343: 17342: 17335: 17329: 17328: 17320: 17314: 17313: 17311: 17309: 17295: 17289: 17288: 17286: 17284: 17270: 17264: 17263: 17261: 17259: 17245: 17239: 17238: 17236: 17234: 17219: 17213: 17212: 17210: 17208: 17203:. 24 August 2014 17193: 17187: 17186: 17175: 17169: 17168: 17166: 17164: 17149: 17143: 17142: 17141:on 2 March 2017. 17137:. Archived from 17131: 17125: 17124: 17122: 17120: 17105: 17099: 17098: 17096: 17094: 17079: 17073: 17072: 17070: 17068: 17052: 17046: 17045: 17043: 17041: 17026: 17020: 17019: 17017: 17015: 17000: 16994: 16993: 16982: 16976: 16975: 16964: 16958: 16957: 16946: 16940: 16939: 16928: 16922: 16921: 16910: 16904: 16903: 16901: 16899: 16885: 16879: 16878: 16876: 16874: 16864: 16858: 16857: 16855: 16853: 16839: 16833: 16832: 16830: 16828: 16819:. Archived from 16809: 16803: 16802: 16800: 16798: 16783: 16777: 16776: 16774: 16772: 16756: 16750: 16749: 16748:. 16 April 2018. 16738: 16732: 16731: 16730:. 24 March 2017. 16720: 16714: 16713: 16702: 16696: 16695: 16693: 16691: 16682:. Archived from 16672: 16666: 16665: 16658: 16652: 16651: 16644: 16638: 16637: 16630: 16624: 16623: 16612: 16606: 16605: 16594: 16588: 16587: 16585: 16583: 16568: 16562: 16561: 16559: 16557: 16542: 16536: 16535: 16533: 16531: 16521: 16515: 16514: 16503: 16497: 16496: 16491:. Archived from 16485: 16479: 16478: 16476: 16474: 16459: 16453: 16452: 16441: 16435: 16434: 16432: 16430: 16419: 16413: 16412: 16410: 16408: 16394: 16388: 16387: 16385: 16383: 16373: 16367: 16366: 16364: 16362: 16348: 16342: 16341: 16339: 16337: 16322: 16313: 16312: 16310: 16308: 16293: 16287: 16286: 16284: 16282: 16267: 16261: 16260: 16258: 16256: 16246: 16240: 16239: 16237: 16235: 16221: 16215: 16214: 16212: 16210: 16195: 16189: 16188: 16186: 16184: 16170: 16164: 16163: 16160:www.giurcost.org 16152: 16146: 16145: 16134: 16128: 16127: 16116: 16110: 16109: 16093: 16083: 16077: 16076: 16074: 16072: 16061: 16055: 16054: 16047: 16041: 16040: 16032: 16026: 16025: 16018: 16012: 16005: 15996: 15985: 15979: 15978: 15976: 15974: 15959: 15953: 15952: 15950: 15948: 15932: 15926: 15925: 15923: 15921: 15916:on 26 March 2023 15915: 15908: 15899: 15893: 15892: 15883: 15877: 15876: 15855: 15849: 15848: 15847:. 13 March 2016. 15837: 15831: 15820: 15814: 15801: 15795: 15794: 15787:"Sa limba sarda" 15783: 15777: 15776: 15774: 15772: 15762: 15751: 15750: 15748: 15746: 15731: 15725: 15724: 15722: 15713: 15707: 15706: 15687: 15681: 15680: 15678: 15676: 15661: 15655: 15654: 15652: 15640: 15634: 15633: 15622: 15616: 15610: 15604: 15603:, Cagliari, CUEC 15597: 15591: 15585: 15579: 15578: 15576: 15574: 15568: 15562:. Archived from 15561: 15553: 15547: 15546: 15535: 15529: 15528: 15527:. 28 April 2012. 15517: 15511: 15510: 15499: 15493: 15487: 15481: 15474: 15468: 15467: 15459: 15453: 15452: 15450: 15448: 15442: 15436:. Archived from 15435: 15423: 15417: 15416: 15397: 15391: 15384: 15378: 15377: 15369: 15363: 15362: 15351: 15345: 15344: 15336: 15327: 15326: 15324: 15313: 15307: 15306: 15297: 15291: 15290: 15288: 15277: 15271: 15270: 15252: 15246: 15245: 15236: 15230: 15229: 15220: 15214: 15213: 15204: 15198: 15191: 15185: 15184: 15176: 15170: 15169: 15161: 15155: 15154: 15151:World Minorities 15146: 15140: 15139: 15131: 15120: 15119: 15111: 15105: 15104: 15095: 15089: 15088: 15085:Idee di Sardegna 15080: 15074: 15073: 15071: 15060: 15054: 15053: 15044: 15038: 15027: 15021: 15020: 15012: 15003: 15002: 15000: 14989: 14983: 14982: 14980: 14968: 14962: 14961: 14948: 14939: 14938: 14936: 14928: 14922: 14921: 14910: 14904: 14903: 14895: 14889: 14888: 14880: 14874: 14873: 14865: 14859: 14857: 14839: 14833: 14832: 14823: 14817: 14810: 14804: 14803: 14794: 14788: 14787: 14785: 14773: 14767: 14766: 14757: 14751: 14750: 14742: 14736: 14735: 14727: 14721: 14720: 14718: 14716: 14711:. 31 August 2014 14700: 14694: 14693: 14685: 14679: 14678: 14676: 14668: 14662: 14661: 14653: 14647: 14636: 14630: 14629: 14627: 14625: 14619: 14613:. Archived from 14612: 14600: 14594: 14593: 14591: 14580: 14574: 14573: 14570:Idee di Sardegna 14565: 14559: 14558: 14556: 14554: 14539: 14533: 14532: 14530: 14528: 14522: 14516:. Archived from 14515: 14503: 14497: 14490: 14484: 14483: 14481: 14473: 14467: 14460: 14454: 14453: 14440: 14434: 14433: 14424: 14418: 14417: 14404: 14398: 14391: 14385: 14384: 14381:Idee di Sardegna 14376: 14370: 14369: 14356: 14350: 14349: 14341: 14332: 14331: 14322: 14316: 14309: 14303: 14289: 14283: 14282: 14280: 14268: 14262: 14261: 14252: 14246: 14245: 14234: 14228: 14227: 14225: 14223: 14218:on 14 April 2021 14217: 14211:. Archived from 14210: 14198: 14192: 14191: 14189: 14177: 14171: 14170: 14162: 14156: 14155: 14153: 14151: 14142:. Archived from 14132: 14123: 14122: 14111: 14105: 14098: 14092: 14088: 14080: 14074: 14073: 14065: 14059: 14058: 14050: 14044: 14043: 14030: 14024: 14023: 14015: 14009: 14008: 14000: 13994: 13993: 13986: 13980: 13979: 13971: 13965: 13964: 13957: 13951: 13950: 13942: 13936: 13935: 13927: 13918: 13917: 13909: 13903: 13902: 13894: 13885: 13884: 13876: 13870: 13869: 13861: 13852: 13851: 13843: 13834: 13833: 13815: 13802: 13801: 13793: 13787: 13786: 13784: 13782: 13776: 13770:. Archived from 13769: 13757: 13751: 13740: 13734: 13733: 13722: 13711: 13710: 13699: 13693: 13686: 13680: 13679: 13671: 13662: 13661: 13653: 13645: 13639: 13638: 13630: 13624: 13623: 13613: 13607: 13606: 13596: 13590: 13589: 13579: 13566: 13565: 13552: 13546: 13542: 13517: 13511: 13500: 13494: 13493: 13491: 13489: 13483: 13476: 13467: 13461: 13460: 13451: 13445: 13439: 13433: 13432: 13424: 13418: 13411: 13405: 13404: 13392: 13386: 13385: 13377: 13368: 13367: 13359: 13350: 13349: 13341: 13335: 13328: 13322: 13315: 13309: 13308: 13301: 13295: 13294: 13286: 13277: 13271: 13265: 13264: 13253: 13247: 13246: 13235: 13229: 13222: 13216: 13215: 13204: 13198: 13197: 13186: 13180: 13179: 13177: 13175: 13166:. Archived from 13156: 13150: 13149: 13141: 13135: 13134: 13127: 13121: 13120: 13112: 13106: 13105: 13096: 13090: 13089: 13080: 13074: 13073: 13065: 13059: 13058: 13050: 13039: 13038: 13030: 13021: 13020: 13012: 12999: 12997: 12988: 12982: 12981: 12972: 12966: 12965: 12956: 12950: 12940: 12934: 12933: 12927: 12919: 12911: 12905: 12904: 12896: 12890: 12889: 12881: 12875: 12874: 12865: 12859: 12858: 12850: 12844: 12843: 12841: 12839: 12834:on 14 April 2021 12833: 12826: 12815: 12809: 12808: 12796: 12790: 12789: 12780: 12774: 12773: 12764: 12758: 12757: 12748: 12742: 12741: 12733: 12724: 12718: 12717: 12709: 12703: 12702: 12690: 12684: 12683: 12675: 12669: 12668: 12660: 12654: 12647: 12641: 12640: 12637:Sardegna sabauda 12632: 12626: 12625: 12617: 12611: 12610: 12602: 12596: 12595: 12587: 12581: 12580: 12572: 12566: 12565: 12557: 12551: 12550: 12548: 12537: 12531: 12530: 12522: 12516: 12515: 12507: 12501: 12500: 12494: 12486: 12477: 12471: 12470: 12461: 12455: 12454: 12446: 12437: 12436: 12425: 12419: 12412: 12406: 12397: 12391: 12390: 12382: 12376: 12374: 12373: 12371: 12355: 12349: 12342: 12336: 12329: 12323: 12320: 12314: 12313: 12302: 12296: 12295: 12286: 12280: 12279: 12269: 12263: 12262: 12252: 12240: 12234: 12233: 12224: 12218: 12212: 12203: 12202: 12193: 12187: 12186: 12177: 12168: 12167: 12165: 12163: 12154:. Archived from 12144: 12135: 12134: 12126: 12120: 12119: 12111: 12105: 12104: 12096: 12087: 12086: 12078: 12063: 12056: 12050: 12043: 12037: 12032:Antonio Nughes, 12030: 12024: 12019:Antonio Nughes, 12017: 12011: 12010: 12002: 11996: 11995: 11987: 11981: 11980: 11978: 11967: 11958: 11957: 11955: 11947: 11941: 11938: 11932: 11930: 11921: 11915: 11914: 11907: 11901: 11900: 11892: 11879: 11878: 11870: 11864: 11863: 11852: 11843: 11842: 11824: 11818: 11817: 11806: 11800: 11799: 11791: 11785: 11784: 11776: 11770: 11769: 11761: 11755: 11754: 11743: 11737: 11736: 11718: 11712: 11711: 11693: 11687: 11686: 11676: 11670: 11669: 11661: 11655: 11654: 11646: 11640: 11637: 11631: 11624: 11618: 11617: 11609: 11603: 11602: 11592: 11586: 11585: 11572: 11566: 11565: 11557: 11551: 11549: 11547: 11545: 11536:. Archived from 11526: 11519: 11513: 11510: 11504: 11503: 11501: 11499: 11488: 11482: 11481: 11463: 11457: 11456: 11448: 11442: 11441: 11439: 11437: 11431: 11424: 11413: 11407: 11406: 11395: 11389: 11388: 11377: 11371: 11370: 11368: 11359: 11350: 11343: 11337: 11330: 11319: 11310: 11304: 11303: 11291: 11285: 11284: 11264: 11258: 11247: 11240: 11234: 11227: 11221: 11214: 11208: 11207: 11205: 11203: 11193: 11187: 11186: 11183:www.sandalyon.eu 11175: 11169: 11168: 11150: 11144: 11143: 11123: 11117: 11116: 11108: 11102: 11101: 11093: 11087: 11086: 11077: 11071: 11070: 11062: 11053: 11052: 11044: 11038: 11037: 11029: 11020: 11019: 11011: 11005: 11004: 10996: 10990: 10989: 10981: 10975: 10974: 10969:Livio Petrucci. 10966: 10960: 10959: 10950: 10944: 10937: 10931: 10924: 10918: 10911: 10905: 10898: 10892: 10891: 10883: 10877: 10876: 10868: 10862: 10861: 10853: 10847: 10840: 10831: 10830: 10828: 10819: 10813: 10806: 10800: 10799: 10788: 10782: 10781: 10773: 10762: 10761: 10753: 10751:magister militum 10747: 10741: 10735: 10728: 10722: 10721: 10713: 10707: 10706: 10697: 10691: 10685: 10679: 10678: 10665: 10659: 10658: 10650: 10644: 10643: 10634: 10628: 10627: 10625: 10623: 10617: 10602: 10593: 10587: 10586: 10580: 10572: 10564: 10558: 10547: 10541: 10540: 10534: 10526: 10517: 10511: 10510: 10503: 10497: 10490: 10484: 10483: 10474: 10468: 10465: 10459: 10458: 10450: 10444: 10437: 10431: 10430: 10413: 10407: 10406: 10385: 10379: 10376: 10370: 10363: 10357: 10350: 10344: 10343: 10335: 10329: 10326: 10320: 10319: 10297: 10291: 10290: 10272: 10266: 10265: 10255: 10222: 10216: 10215: 10204: 10198: 10194: 10188: 10187: 10179: 10173: 10172: 10161: 10155: 10136: 10130: 10123: 10117: 10116: 10114: 10112: 10103:. Archived from 10093: 10087: 10071: 10065: 10055: 10049: 10039: 10033: 10027: 10021: 10011: 10005: 9998: 9992: 9986: 9980: 9973: 9967: 9966: 9964: 9962: 9953:. Archived from 9947: 9934: 9933: 9911: 9896: 9895: 9886: 9880: 9879: 9871: 9865: 9859: 9853: 9826: 9820: 9819: 9817: 9815: 9805: 9794: 9793: 9785: 9779: 9778: 9770: 9764: 9763: 9756: 9750: 9749: 9741: 9735: 9734: 9726: 9720: 9719: 9708: 9702: 9701: 9693: 9687: 9686: 9674: 9668: 9667: 9658: 9652: 9651: 9631: 9625: 9619: 9612: 9606: 9605: 9577: 9571: 9570: 9562: 9556: 9555: 9547: 9541: 9540: 9533: 9527: 9526: 9517: 9511: 9510: 9501: 9495: 9494: 9476: 9470: 9469: 9467: 9440: 9434: 9433: 9426: 9420: 9419: 9411: 9405: 9404: 9395: 9389: 9382: 9376: 9375: 9367: 9361: 9350: 9344: 9343: 9334: 9328: 9327: 9319: 9313: 9306: 9300: 9299: 9292: 9286: 9284: 9277: 9260: 9259: 9257: 9255: 9250:on 26 March 2023 9249: 9242: 9233: 9227: 9226: 9224: 9222: 9217:on 26 March 2023 9216: 9209: 9200: 9187: 9186: 9178: 9169: 9166: 9157: 9156: 9148: 9142: 9141: 9130: 9124: 9123: 9121: 9113: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9099: 9090:. Archived from 9084: 9078: 9077: 9068: 9059: 9058: 9049: 9043: 9042: 9033: 9027: 9022: 9016: 9009: 9003: 9002: 8993: 8987: 8970: 8961: 8960: 8954: 8946: 8934: 8928: 8927: 8920: 8914: 8911: 8905: 8904: 8896: 8890: 8889: 8875: 8869: 8868: 8860: 8854: 8853: 8845: 8839: 8838: 8836: 8834: 8828: 8821: 8813: 8804: 8803: 8795: 8789: 8788: 8786: 8778: 8772: 8771: 8763: 8757: 8756: 8748: 8742: 8741: 8733: 8727: 8726: 8719: 8710: 8709: 8707: 8705: 8690: 8679: 8678: 8667: 8656: 8655: 8650:AA. VV. (2016). 8647: 8641: 8640: 8628: 8615: 8614: 8602: 8586: 8571: 8565: 8548: 8542: 8540: 8538: 8518: 8512: 8511: 8503: 8497: 8496: 8482: 8476: 8475: 8473: 8459: 8453: 8436: 8430: 8418: 8412: 8411: 8392: 8386: 8367: 8361: 8354: 8348: 8339: 8331: 8325: 8321: 8315: 8314: 8307: 8300: 8288: 8282: 8276: 8270: 8259: 8253: 8251: 8244: 8242: 8240: 8230: 8222: 8216: 8198: 8144:Southern Romance 8128: 8126:Languages portal 8123: 8122: 8114: 8109: 8108: 8107: 7818: 7817: 7777:language islands 7603:close-mid vowels 7464:formaggio, cacio 7399:spedale/uspidali 7394:ispidale/spidali 6875: 6874: 6864: 6855: 6842: 6836: 6827: 6815: 6806: 6800: 6791: 6785: 6780: 6769: 6756: 6750: 6744: 6735: 6733:Apo bidu a Maria 6726: 6720: 6712: 6703: 6697: 6688: 6682: 6676: 6668: 6662: 6656: 6650: 6645:("to have") and 6644: 6638: 6629: 6623: 6617: 6611: 6602: 6596: 6590: 6581: 6575: 6566: 6560: 6545: 6539: 6533: 6531:Cumprendiu m'as? 6524: 5089:Past Participle 4986: 4983: 4843: 4842: 4824:Balearic Catalan 4735:(from the Latin 4705: 4689: 4680: 4666: 4657: 4643: 4634: 4603: 4599: 4586: 4577: 4567: 4547: 4526: 4515: 4508: 4491: 4477: 4466: 4458: 4449: 4441: 4434: 4423: 4413: 4405: 4398: 4391: 4384: 4377: 4366: 4361: 4353: 4344: 4337: 4330: 4319: 4271: 4267: 4223: 4221:due lingue zoppe 4209: 4202:regional Italian 4180: 4029:VLC media player 3956:proposed by the 3856:Franco-Provençal 3830: 3815:Bellas Mariposas 3788: 3778: 3760: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3726: 3723:cantu a chiterra 3718: 3645: 3609: 3603: 3597: 3591: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3540:heavy industrial 3537: 3443:underdevelopment 3421: 3361: 3340: 3334: 3307: 3301: 3264: 3258: 3239:Kingdom of Italy 3183: 3177: 3171: 3165: 3115: 3101: 3088: 3060: 3046: 3044:Bonifacio d'Olmi 3040: 3015: 3009: 3003: 2993: 2984: 2970: 2952: 2918: 2908: 2898: 2827:Kingdom of Italy 2791: 2786:into Sardinian ( 2785: 2754: 2748: 2740: 2734: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2657: 2651: 2649:De rebus Sardois 2630: 2624: 2618: 2608: 2602: 2593: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2551: 2545: 2471: 2470: 2439: 2424: 2410: 2404: 2375: 2369: 2332: 2315: 2309: 2291: 2239: 2222: 2219: 2183: 2177: 2151: 2141: 2129: 2105: 2099: 2085: 2064: 2058: 2036: 2030: 2020: 2010: 2004: 1998: 1971:Republic of Pisa 1923: 1922: 1832:Balearic Islands 1797:Judicates period 1768:Byzantine Empire 1758: 1752: 1746: 1740: 1721:Cripta Serpentum 1536:'sprout' (from * 1530:common knotgrass 1434:Classical period 1410:southern Corsica 1296: 1282: 1276: 1270: 1264: 1258:Basque precursor 1220: 1204: 1186: 1168:Iberic languages 1155:as described by 1137:Nuragic language 1115:Kingdom of Lydia 1109: 1108: 1028:Berber languages 1000: 997: 991: 972:was 9,600 words. 955: 954: 947: 933:Berber languages 930: 808:Italian-American 793:Romance language 784: 705: 682:late Middle Ages 608:Romance language 605: 600: 593: 587: 582: 576: 571: 564: 558: 556:[ˈsaɾdu] 530: 476:sardu logudoresu 472: 463: 449: 432: 425: 416: 409: 400: 399: 391: 382: 381: 373: 355: 329: 321: 313:language in 297: 286: 211:Southern Romance 180: 130: 128:[ˈsaɾdu] 115: 108: 88: 87: 79: 76: 70: 34: 33: 26: 23558: 23557: 23553: 23552: 23551: 23549: 23548: 23547: 23503: 23502: 23501: 23496: 23463: 23447: 23425:Pannonian Latin 23411:African Romance 23394: 23347: 23278: 23271: 23209:Judeo-Provençal 23082: 23071: 23048: 22997: 22907:Chilean Chilote 22849: 22735: 22676: 22672: 22669: 22658: 22646:Moselle Romance 22613: 22462:Missouri French 22423:Franco-Ontarian 22298: 22287: 22280: 22020: 21985: 21962:Southern Latian 21865: 21830:Maltese Italian 21762:Central Italian 21746: 21739: 21734:Common Romanian 21650: 21634:Italo-Dalmatian 21612: 21602: 21572: 21567: 21558: 21484: 21404: 21371: 21321: 21312: 21264: 21254: 21252: 21222: 21217: 21216: 21215: 21210: 21206: 21196: 21182: 21163: 21143: 21129:Austrian German 21117: 21108: 21067: 21058:Calabrian Greek 21031: 20998: 20984:Natisone Valley 20969:Inner Carniolan 20932: 20923: 20892: 20885: 20880: 20878: 20864: 20855: 20848: 20841: 20805: 20769: 20737: 20731: 20722: 20708: 20701: 20683: 20674: 20667: 20663:Eastern Lombard 20653: 20644: 20637: 20630: 20623: 20616: 20607: 20600: 20593: 20584: 20577: 20570: 20563: 20556: 20547: 20540: 20531: 20524: 20520:Western Lombard 20506: 20450: 20441: 20418: 20387: 20373: 20355: 20324: 20288: 20266: 20260: 20251: 20237: 20214: 20200:Southern Latian 20185: 20166:Castelmezzanese 20142: 20106: 20088: 20057: 19990: 19980: 19978: 19935:Wayback Machine 19919:Wayback Machine 19907:Wayback Machine 19874:Wayback Machine 19853:Wayback Machine 19789:Wayback Machine 19765: 19754: 19748: 19745: 19726: 19717:This article's 19713: 19709: 19702: 19202: 19197: 19176: 19172: 19165: 19161: 19154: 19150: 19135: 19131: 19086: 19082: 19072: 19070: 19066: 19060:SardegnaCultura 19055: 19051: 19050: 19039: 19029: 19027: 19023: 19016: 19012: 19011: 19007: 18997: 18995: 18988: 18984: 18972:Frias, Xavier. 18970: 18966: 18958: 18952: 18951: 18947: 18937: 18935: 18924: 18920: 18909: 18905: 18896: 18892: 18877: 18863: 18859: 18849: 18847: 18846:on 25 July 2021 18834: 18833: 18829: 18822: 18807: 18803: 18788: 18774: 18770: 18760: 18758: 18751: 18747: 18738: 18734: 18720: 18716: 18710:Wayback Machine 18698: 18694: 18684: 18682: 18681:on 4 March 2016 18678: 18671: 18667: 18666: 18659: 18653: 18648: 18642: 18638: 18625: 18624: 18620: 18607: 18606: 18602: 18594: 18590: 18577: 18576: 18572: 18561: 18557: 18547: 18545: 18534: 18527: 18505: 18498: 18489: 18482: 18473: 18466: 18456: 18454: 18450: 18449: 18445: 18438: 18415: 18409: 18402: 18390: 18386: 18374: 18367: 18360:"Sardo, Grafia" 18356: 18352: 18337: 18323: 18316: 18297: 18283: 18276: 18268: 18260: 18259: 18255: 18241: 18237: 18228: 18224: 18217: 18199: 18195: 18184: 18180: 18168: 18164: 18152: 18148: 18135: 18134: 18130: 18118: 18114: 18103: 18099: 18083: 18079: 18068: 18064: 18054: 18052: 18048: 18041: 18035: 18028: 18017: 18013: 18002: 18000: 17991: 17984: 17980: 17969: 17965: 17954: 17950: 17941: 17940: 17936: 17923: 17919: 17900: 17896: 17887:Matteo Valdes. 17885: 17881: 17869: 17865: 17860:. 30 June 2016. 17856: 17855: 17851: 17842: 17841: 17837: 17832:. 24 June 2016. 17824: 17823: 17819: 17810: 17809: 17805: 17796: 17795: 17791: 17783: 17779: 17767: 17763: 17750: 17749: 17745: 17735: 17733: 17729: 17722: 17714: 17713: 17709: 17700: 17699: 17695: 17683: 17679: 17672:Casteddu Online 17666: 17665: 17661: 17654:Sardiniapost.it 17648: 17647: 17643: 17633: 17631: 17621: 17617: 17607: 17605: 17597: 17596: 17592: 17582: 17580: 17579:. 1 August 2015 17571: 17570: 17566: 17556: 17554: 17550: 17549: 17545: 17533: 17529: 17518: 17514: 17506: 17502: 17492: 17490: 17486: 17485: 17481: 17471: 17469: 17460: 17459: 17455: 17442: 17441: 17434: 17429:. 14 July 2013. 17425: 17424: 17420: 17412: 17408: 17407: 17403: 17391: 17387: 17377: 17375: 17366: 17365: 17361: 17350: 17346: 17337: 17336: 17332: 17321: 17317: 17307: 17305: 17297: 17296: 17292: 17282: 17280: 17272: 17271: 17267: 17257: 17255: 17247: 17246: 17242: 17232: 17230: 17227:Sardiniapost.it 17221: 17220: 17216: 17206: 17204: 17195: 17194: 17190: 17177: 17176: 17172: 17162: 17160: 17151: 17150: 17146: 17133: 17132: 17128: 17118: 17116: 17107: 17106: 17102: 17092: 17090: 17081: 17080: 17076: 17066: 17064: 17061:Limba Sarda 2.0 17053: 17049: 17039: 17037: 17034:Limba Sarda 2.0 17028: 17027: 17023: 17013: 17011: 17008:Limba Sarda 2.0 17002: 17001: 16997: 16984: 16983: 16979: 16966: 16965: 16961: 16948: 16947: 16943: 16938:. 27 June 2018. 16930: 16929: 16925: 16920:. 27 June 2018. 16912: 16911: 16907: 16897: 16895: 16887: 16886: 16882: 16872: 16870: 16866: 16865: 16861: 16851: 16849: 16841: 16840: 16836: 16826: 16824: 16817:, Unione Sarda" 16811: 16810: 16806: 16796: 16794: 16785: 16784: 16780: 16770: 16768: 16757: 16753: 16740: 16739: 16735: 16722: 16721: 16717: 16704: 16703: 16699: 16689: 16687: 16674: 16673: 16669: 16664:. 22 July 2016. 16660: 16659: 16655: 16646: 16645: 16641: 16632: 16631: 16627: 16614: 16613: 16609: 16596: 16595: 16591: 16581: 16579: 16570: 16569: 16565: 16555: 16553: 16543: 16539: 16529: 16527: 16523: 16522: 16518: 16513:. 11 July 2018. 16505: 16504: 16500: 16487: 16486: 16482: 16472: 16470: 16467:Sardiniapost.it 16461: 16460: 16456: 16451:. 24 June 2016. 16443: 16442: 16438: 16428: 16426: 16420: 16416: 16406: 16404: 16396: 16395: 16391: 16381: 16379: 16375: 16374: 16370: 16360: 16358: 16350: 16349: 16345: 16335: 16333: 16330:Sardiniapost.it 16324: 16323: 16316: 16306: 16304: 16301:Sardiniapost.it 16295: 16294: 16290: 16280: 16278: 16268: 16264: 16254: 16252: 16248: 16247: 16243: 16233: 16231: 16223: 16222: 16218: 16208: 16206: 16196: 16192: 16182: 16180: 16172: 16171: 16167: 16154: 16153: 16149: 16136: 16135: 16131: 16118: 16117: 16113: 16106: 16084: 16080: 16070: 16068: 16062: 16058: 16049: 16048: 16044: 16033: 16029: 16020: 16019: 16015: 16006: 15999: 15986: 15982: 15972: 15970: 15961: 15960: 15956: 15946: 15944: 15934: 15933: 15929: 15919: 15917: 15913: 15906: 15900: 15896: 15884: 15880: 15856: 15852: 15839: 15838: 15834: 15821: 15817: 15812:Wayback Machine 15802: 15798: 15785: 15784: 15780: 15770: 15768: 15764: 15763: 15754: 15744: 15742: 15739:Sardiniapost.it 15733: 15732: 15728: 15720: 15714: 15710: 15703: 15688: 15684: 15674: 15672: 15663: 15662: 15658: 15650: 15642: 15641: 15637: 15624: 15623: 15619: 15611: 15607: 15598: 15594: 15586: 15582: 15572: 15570: 15566: 15559: 15555: 15554: 15550: 15537: 15536: 15532: 15519: 15518: 15514: 15501: 15500: 15496: 15488: 15484: 15475: 15471: 15460: 15456: 15446: 15444: 15440: 15433: 15425: 15424: 15420: 15413: 15398: 15394: 15385: 15381: 15370: 15366: 15353: 15352: 15348: 15337: 15330: 15322: 15314: 15310: 15298: 15294: 15286: 15278: 15274: 15267: 15253: 15249: 15237: 15233: 15221: 15217: 15205: 15201: 15192: 15188: 15177: 15173: 15162: 15158: 15147: 15143: 15132: 15123: 15112: 15108: 15096: 15092: 15081: 15077: 15069: 15061: 15057: 15045: 15041: 15028: 15024: 15013: 15006: 14998: 14990: 14986: 14978: 14969: 14965: 14952:Il neo-sardismo 14949: 14942: 14934: 14930: 14929: 14925: 14912: 14911: 14907: 14896: 14892: 14881: 14877: 14866: 14862: 14854: 14840: 14836: 14824: 14820: 14811: 14807: 14795: 14791: 14783: 14774: 14770: 14758: 14754: 14743: 14739: 14728: 14724: 14714: 14712: 14703: 14701: 14697: 14687: 14686: 14682: 14674: 14670: 14669: 14665: 14654: 14650: 14637: 14633: 14623: 14621: 14617: 14610: 14602: 14601: 14597: 14589: 14581: 14577: 14566: 14562: 14552: 14550: 14541: 14540: 14536: 14526: 14524: 14520: 14513: 14505: 14504: 14500: 14491: 14487: 14479: 14475: 14474: 14470: 14461: 14457: 14441: 14437: 14425: 14421: 14405: 14401: 14392: 14388: 14377: 14373: 14357: 14353: 14342: 14335: 14323: 14319: 14310: 14306: 14290: 14286: 14278: 14270: 14269: 14265: 14253: 14249: 14236: 14235: 14231: 14221: 14219: 14215: 14208: 14200: 14199: 14195: 14187: 14179: 14178: 14174: 14163: 14159: 14149: 14147: 14134: 14133: 14126: 14113: 14112: 14108: 14099: 14095: 14081: 14077: 14066: 14062: 14051: 14047: 14031: 14027: 14016: 14012: 14001: 13997: 13988: 13987: 13983: 13973: 13972: 13968: 13959: 13958: 13954: 13943: 13939: 13928: 13921: 13910: 13906: 13895: 13888: 13877: 13873: 13862: 13855: 13844: 13837: 13830: 13816: 13805: 13796: 13794: 13790: 13780: 13778: 13774: 13767: 13759: 13758: 13754: 13741: 13737: 13730:www.treccani.it 13724: 13723: 13714: 13700: 13696: 13687: 13683: 13672: 13665: 13646: 13642: 13631: 13627: 13614: 13610: 13597: 13593: 13580: 13569: 13553: 13549: 13518: 13514: 13501: 13497: 13487: 13485: 13484:on 26 June 2019 13481: 13474: 13468: 13464: 13452: 13448: 13440: 13436: 13425: 13421: 13412: 13408: 13393: 13389: 13378: 13371: 13360: 13353: 13342: 13338: 13329: 13325: 13316: 13312: 13303: 13302: 13298: 13287: 13280: 13272: 13268: 13255: 13254: 13250: 13243:www.treccani.it 13237: 13236: 13232: 13223: 13219: 13205: 13201: 13194:www.treccani.it 13188: 13187: 13183: 13173: 13171: 13158: 13157: 13153: 13142: 13138: 13129: 13128: 13124: 13113: 13109: 13097: 13093: 13081: 13077: 13066: 13062: 13051: 13042: 13031: 13024: 13013: 13002: 12989: 12985: 12973: 12969: 12957: 12953: 12941: 12937: 12921: 12920: 12912: 12908: 12897: 12893: 12882: 12878: 12866: 12862: 12851: 12847: 12837: 12835: 12831: 12824: 12816: 12812: 12797: 12793: 12781: 12777: 12765: 12761: 12749: 12745: 12725: 12721: 12710: 12706: 12691: 12687: 12676: 12672: 12661: 12657: 12648: 12644: 12633: 12629: 12618: 12614: 12603: 12599: 12588: 12584: 12573: 12569: 12558: 12554: 12546: 12538: 12534: 12523: 12519: 12508: 12504: 12488: 12487: 12478: 12474: 12462: 12458: 12447: 12440: 12427: 12426: 12422: 12413: 12409: 12398: 12394: 12383: 12379: 12369: 12367: 12356: 12352: 12343: 12339: 12330: 12326: 12321: 12317: 12304: 12303: 12299: 12287: 12283: 12270: 12266: 12250:istadu ... 12241: 12237: 12225: 12221: 12213: 12206: 12194: 12190: 12178: 12171: 12161: 12159: 12146: 12145: 12138: 12127: 12123: 12112: 12108: 12097: 12090: 12079: 12066: 12057: 12053: 12044: 12040: 12031: 12027: 12018: 12014: 12003: 11999: 11988: 11984: 11976: 11968: 11961: 11953: 11949: 11948: 11944: 11939: 11935: 11922: 11918: 11909: 11908: 11904: 11893: 11882: 11871: 11867: 11853: 11846: 11839: 11825: 11821: 11807: 11803: 11792: 11788: 11777: 11773: 11762: 11758: 11744: 11740: 11733: 11719: 11715: 11708: 11694: 11690: 11677: 11673: 11662: 11658: 11647: 11643: 11638: 11634: 11625: 11621: 11610: 11606: 11593: 11589: 11573: 11569: 11558: 11554: 11543: 11541: 11528: 11520: 11516: 11511: 11507: 11497: 11495: 11490: 11489: 11485: 11478: 11464: 11460: 11449: 11445: 11435: 11433: 11429: 11422: 11419:La lingua sarda 11414: 11410: 11397: 11396: 11392: 11385:www.trobar.org/ 11379: 11378: 11374: 11366: 11360: 11353: 11344: 11340: 11332:Salvi, Sergio. 11331: 11322: 11311: 11307: 11294: 11292: 11288: 11275: 11265: 11261: 11241: 11237: 11228: 11224: 11215: 11211: 11201: 11199: 11195: 11194: 11190: 11177: 11176: 11172: 11165: 11151: 11147: 11140: 11124: 11120: 11109: 11105: 11094: 11090: 11083:La lingua sarda 11078: 11074: 11063: 11056: 11049:La lingua sarda 11045: 11041: 11030: 11023: 11012: 11008: 10997: 10993: 10982: 10978: 10967: 10963: 10951: 10947: 10938: 10934: 10925: 10921: 10912: 10908: 10899: 10895: 10884: 10880: 10873:La lingua sarda 10869: 10865: 10854: 10850: 10846:, Sassari, 1983 10842:Giulio Paulis, 10841: 10834: 10826: 10820: 10816: 10807: 10803: 10789: 10785: 10774: 10765: 10758:La lingua sarda 10729: 10725: 10718:La lingua sarda 10714: 10710: 10703:La lingua sarda 10698: 10694: 10686: 10682: 10666: 10662: 10651: 10647: 10635: 10631: 10621: 10619: 10615: 10600: 10594: 10590: 10574: 10573: 10565: 10561: 10548: 10544: 10528: 10527: 10518: 10514: 10505: 10504: 10500: 10491: 10487: 10475: 10471: 10466: 10462: 10451: 10447: 10438: 10434: 10414: 10410: 10403: 10386: 10382: 10377: 10373: 10364: 10360: 10351: 10347: 10340:La lingua sarda 10336: 10332: 10327: 10323: 10316: 10298: 10294: 10287: 10273: 10269: 10232:Nature Genetics 10223: 10219: 10206: 10205: 10201: 10195: 10191: 10180: 10176: 10163: 10162: 10158: 10137: 10133: 10124: 10120: 10110: 10108: 10101:www.aristeo.org 10095: 10094: 10090: 10072: 10068: 10056: 10052: 10042:Silius Italicus 10040: 10036: 10028: 10024: 10012: 10008: 9999: 9995: 9987: 9983: 9974: 9970: 9960: 9958: 9949: 9948: 9937: 9930: 9912: 9899: 9887: 9883: 9876:La lingua sarda 9827: 9823: 9813: 9811: 9807: 9806: 9797: 9786: 9782: 9771: 9767: 9758: 9757: 9753: 9742: 9738: 9729: 9727: 9723: 9716:www.treccani.it 9710: 9709: 9705: 9694: 9690: 9677: 9675: 9671: 9664:La lingua sarda 9659: 9655: 9648: 9632: 9628: 9613: 9609: 9578: 9574: 9563: 9559: 9548: 9544: 9535: 9534: 9530: 9518: 9514: 9502: 9498: 9491: 9477: 9473: 9441: 9437: 9428: 9427: 9423: 9412: 9408: 9396: 9392: 9383: 9379: 9368: 9364: 9351: 9347: 9335: 9331: 9320: 9316: 9307: 9303: 9294: 9293: 9289: 9279: 9278: 9263: 9253: 9251: 9247: 9240: 9234: 9230: 9220: 9218: 9214: 9207: 9201: 9190: 9179: 9172: 9167: 9160: 9149: 9145: 9140:. 29 July 2019. 9132: 9131: 9127: 9119: 9115: 9114: 9107: 9097: 9095: 9086: 9085: 9081: 9069: 9062: 9050: 9046: 9034: 9030: 9023: 9019: 9010: 9006: 8994: 8990: 8971: 8964: 8948: 8947: 8935: 8931: 8922: 8921: 8917: 8912: 8908: 8897: 8893: 8877: 8876: 8872: 8861: 8857: 8846: 8842: 8832: 8830: 8826: 8819: 8815: 8814: 8807: 8796: 8792: 8784: 8780: 8779: 8775: 8764: 8760: 8749: 8745: 8734: 8730: 8721: 8720: 8713: 8703: 8701: 8692: 8691: 8682: 8669: 8668: 8659: 8648: 8644: 8629: 8618: 8603: 8599: 8595: 8590: 8589: 8572: 8568: 8564:, Oxford, 1985) 8549: 8545: 8536: 8519: 8515: 8506: 8504: 8500: 8483: 8479: 8471: 8460: 8456: 8437: 8433: 8419: 8415: 8393: 8389: 8368: 8364: 8355: 8351: 8332: 8328: 8322: 8318: 8299:. Torino: UTET. 8289: 8285: 8260: 8256: 8246: 8238: 8236: 8232: 8223: 8219: 8199: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8124: 8117: 8110: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8088: 8082: 7991: 7985: 7983:Standardization 7974: 7972: 7970: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7958: 7951: 7949: 7947: 7945: 7943: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7935: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7922: 7920: 7918: 7916: 7914: 7912: 7905: 7903: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7895: 7893: 7891: 7889: 7882: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7868: 7866: 7859: 7857: 7855: 7853: 7851: 7849: 7847: 7845: 7843: 7816: 7587:classical Latin 7525:Francesco Cetti 7509: 7499: 7339:crèsia/eccresia 6873: 6848:Moroccan Arabic 6754:Ja m'apo corcau 6509: 6497: 6488: 6479: 6470: 6461: 6452: 6443: 6434: 6425: 6416: 6407: 6398: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6359: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6343: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6184: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6079: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 4967: 4961: 4841: 4739:plural), as in 4724: 4716: 4258: 4252: 4181: 4178: 4096:Shigeaki Sugeta 3761:etc.) and even 3735:etc.) to rock ( 3701:no-smoking sign 3581:carta da musica 3501: 3491: 3427:Antonio Gramsci 3368:Tempio Pausania 3359:di stirpe sarda 3294:irregular verbs 3285:daily newspaper 3271: 3251:post-war period 3099:Falsi d'Arborea 2996:Francesco Cetti 2977:marginalization 2925:mixed marriages 2896:insensibilmente 2861:composite state 2833: 2819: 2794:classical Latin 2681:as well as the 2559:visitador reial 2525:lingua sardisca 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2466:Italo-Dalmatian 2446:multilingualism 2302:Sardus de foras 2284:composite state 2280:Crown of Aragon 2262:of Sardinia by 2256: 2250: 2220: 2116:, who lived in 2062:lingua vulgaris 2041:Dante Alighieri 1805: 1799: 1522:marsh horsetail 1469:'plateau' (cf. 1442: 1418:Pliny the Elder 1414:Natural History 1373:have found the 1143:(and therefore 1090:island's people 1067: 1052: 1016:Paleo-Sardinian 1011: 1001: 995: 992: 973: 956: 952: 945: 891:African Romance 857:Paleo-Sardinian 801:Paleo-Sardinian 785: 780: 756: 734:as "definitely 647:Byzantine Greek 645:, as well as a 635:Paleo-Sardinian 595: 577: 566: 517: 495:Without proper 483: 459: 445: 428: 427: 421: 420: 418: 412: 405: 395: 394: 387: 377: 376: 369: 334: 314: 312: 305:Official status 300: 266: 259: 238: 231: 196:Latino-Faliscan 181: 178:Language family 176: 167: 166:Native speakers 118: 80: 74: 71: 52: 35: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 23556: 23546: 23545: 23540: 23535: 23530: 23525: 23520: 23515: 23498: 23497: 23495: 23494: 23487: 23478: 23468: 23465: 23464: 23462: 23461: 23455: 23453: 23449: 23448: 23446: 23445: 23444: 23443: 23438: 23428: 23421: 23414: 23406: 23404: 23400: 23399: 23396: 23395: 23393: 23392: 23391: 23390: 23385: 23380: 23375: 23364: 23355: 23353: 23349: 23348: 23346: 23345: 23344: 23343: 23338: 23333: 23328: 23323: 23313: 23312: 23311: 23306: 23296: 23295: 23294: 23283: 23281: 23273: 23272: 23270: 23269: 23268: 23267: 23266: 23265: 23251: 23250: 23249: 23244: 23234: 23233: 23232: 23222: 23217: 23212: 23205: 23204: 23203: 23196: 23191: 23186: 23176: 23166: 23165: 23164: 23163: 23162: 23157: 23149: 23144: 23141:Judaeo-Catalan 23137: 23136: 23135: 23130: 23125: 23124: 23123: 23118: 23108: 23100: 23087: 23085: 23077: 23076: 23073: 23072: 23070: 23069: 23063: 23056: 23054: 23050: 23049: 23047: 23046: 23045: 23044: 23030: 23025: 23024: 23023: 23013: 23005: 23003: 22999: 22998: 22996: 22995: 22988: 22987: 22986: 22981: 22976: 22971: 22970: 22969: 22964: 22959: 22954: 22949: 22948: 22947: 22930: 22929: 22928: 22923: 22922: 22921: 22911: 22910: 22909: 22896:Latin American 22892: 22887: 22875: 22873:Judaeo-Spanish 22870: 22865: 22859: 22857: 22851: 22850: 22848: 22847: 22840: 22839: 22838: 22833: 22828: 22827: 22826: 22814: 22813: 22812: 22800: 22795: 22788: 22776: 22769: 22764: 22763: 22762: 22751: 22745: 22743: 22737: 22736: 22734: 22733: 22726: 22721: 22720: 22719: 22709: 22704: 22703: 22702: 22691: 22689: 22680: 22664: 22663: 22660: 22659: 22657: 22656: 22649: 22642: 22641: 22640: 22635: 22630: 22618: 22615: 22614: 22612: 22611: 22610: 22609: 22604: 22594: 22593: 22592: 22587: 22577: 22572: 22567: 22562: 22561: 22560: 22555: 22550: 22545: 22544: 22543: 22536: 22535: 22534: 22524: 22519: 22502: 22497: 22496: 22495: 22490: 22485: 22475: 22474: 22473: 22466: 22465: 22464: 22459: 22458: 22457: 22447: 22442: 22441: 22440: 22435: 22430: 22425: 22420: 22419: 22418: 22413: 22403: 22398: 22393: 22392: 22391: 22386: 22368: 22363: 22351: 22346: 22341: 22340: 22339: 22334: 22324: 22319: 22314: 22309: 22303: 22301: 22290: 22282: 22281: 22279: 22278: 22277: 22276: 22266: 22259: 22258: 22257: 22256: 22255: 22250: 22245: 22244: 22243: 22238: 22233: 22223: 22218: 22213: 22212: 22211: 22206: 22201: 22196: 22186: 22181: 22180: 22179: 22164: 22163: 22162: 22157: 22142: 22137: 22136: 22135: 22130: 22125: 22120: 22115: 22110: 22100: 22095: 22090: 22085: 22084: 22083: 22082: 22081: 22076: 22066: 22065: 22064: 22059: 22043: 22041: 22032: 22026: 22025: 22022: 22021: 22019: 22018: 22016:Judaeo-Italian 22013: 22012: 22011: 22006: 21993: 21991: 21987: 21986: 21984: 21983: 21982: 21981: 21976: 21975: 21974: 21969: 21964: 21959: 21954: 21953: 21952: 21942: 21937: 21932: 21927: 21910: 21909: 21908: 21907: 21906: 21896: 21895: 21894: 21884: 21873: 21871: 21867: 21866: 21864: 21863: 21862: 21861: 21849: 21844: 21843: 21842: 21837: 21832: 21827: 21815: 21814: 21813: 21803: 21802: 21801: 21796: 21791: 21786: 21785: 21784: 21779: 21774: 21758: 21756: 21749: 21741: 21740: 21738: 21737: 21730: 21729: 21728: 21723: 21718: 21713: 21708: 21703: 21698: 21693: 21688: 21676: 21671: 21669:Istro-Romanian 21666: 21660: 21658: 21652: 21651: 21649: 21648: 21643: 21642: 21641: 21636: 21626: 21620: 21618: 21617:Major branches 21614: 21613: 21609:classification 21601: 21600: 21593: 21586: 21578: 21569: 21568: 21563: 21560: 21559: 21557: 21556: 21555: 21554: 21544: 21543: 21542: 21532: 21531: 21530: 21525: 21517: 21516: 21515: 21510: 21500: 21494: 21492: 21486: 21485: 21483: 21482: 21477: 21476: 21475: 21470: 21465: 21460: 21450: 21445: 21440: 21435: 21434: 21433: 21423: 21418: 21412: 21410: 21406: 21405: 21403: 21402: 21397: 21392: 21387: 21381: 21379: 21373: 21372: 21370: 21369: 21364: 21359: 21358: 21357: 21347: 21342: 21337: 21331: 21329: 21323: 21322: 21315: 21313: 21311: 21310: 21309: 21308: 21306:South Sardinia 21303: 21298: 21293: 21288: 21278: 21272: 21270: 21266: 21265: 21251: 21250: 21243: 21236: 21228: 21219: 21218: 21214: 21213: 21203: 21202: 21201: 21198: 21197: 21195: 21194: 21189: 21188: 21187: 21175: 21170: 21169: 21168: 21165:Italian Hebrew 21155: 21153: 21149: 21148: 21145: 21144: 21142: 21141: 21136: 21131: 21125: 21123: 21119: 21118: 21116: 21115: 21114: 21113: 21110:South Tyrolean 21101: 21096: 21090: 21088: 21079: 21073: 21072: 21069: 21068: 21066: 21065: 21060: 21054: 21052: 21043: 21037: 21036: 21033: 21032: 21030: 21029: 21024: 21019: 21014: 21008: 21006: 21004:Serbo-Croatian 21000: 20999: 20997: 20996: 20991: 20986: 20981: 20976: 20971: 20966: 20961: 20955: 20953: 20944: 20938: 20937: 20934: 20933: 20931: 20930: 20929: 20928: 20915: 20913: 20904: 20894: 20893: 20891: 20890: 20875: 20873: 20870: 20869: 20866: 20865: 20863: 20862: 20861: 20860: 20853: 20846: 20834: 20828: 20826: 20824:Rhaeto-Romance 20817: 20815:Rhaeto-Romance 20811: 20810: 20807: 20806: 20804: 20803: 20798: 20792: 20790: 20781: 20775: 20774: 20771: 20770: 20768: 20767: 20762: 20757: 20752: 20747: 20741: 20739: 20733: 20732: 20730: 20729: 20728: 20727: 20715: 20714: 20713: 20706: 20693: 20691: 20685: 20684: 20682: 20681: 20680: 20679: 20672: 20660: 20659: 20658: 20651: 20650: 20649: 20642: 20635: 20621: 20614: 20613: 20612: 20598: 20591: 20590: 20589: 20582: 20575: 20568: 20554: 20553: 20552: 20538: 20537: 20536: 20516: 20514: 20508: 20507: 20505: 20504: 20499: 20494: 20489: 20484: 20479: 20473: 20471: 20462: 20456: 20455: 20452: 20451: 20449: 20448: 20447: 20446: 20434: 20428: 20426: 20420: 20419: 20417: 20416: 20410: 20408: 20399: 20393: 20392: 20389: 20388: 20386: 20385: 20380: 20379: 20378: 20365: 20363: 20357: 20356: 20354: 20353: 20347: 20345: 20336: 20330: 20329: 20326: 20325: 20323: 20322: 20317: 20311: 20309: 20300: 20294: 20293: 20290: 20289: 20287: 20286: 20281: 20276: 20270: 20268: 20262: 20261: 20259: 20258: 20257: 20256: 20244: 20243: 20242: 20230: 20224: 20222: 20216: 20215: 20213: 20212: 20207: 20202: 20197: 20192: 20191: 20190: 20178: 20173: 20168: 20163: 20158: 20152: 20150: 20144: 20143: 20141: 20140: 20135: 20130: 20125: 20120: 20114: 20112: 20108: 20107: 20105: 20104: 20098: 20096: 20090: 20089: 20087: 20086: 20080: 20078: 20069: 20059: 20058: 19995: 19992: 19991: 19977: 19976: 19969: 19962: 19954: 19948: 19947: 19937: 19922: 19909: 19897: 19892: 19887: 19882: 19877: 19864: 19856: 19843: 19838: 19833: 19827: 19826:(from it.wiki) 19821: 19810: 19805: 19800: 19792: 19776: 19767: 19766: 19721:external links 19716: 19714: 19707: 19701: 19700:External links 19698: 19697: 19696: 19689: 19679: 19669: 19659: 19652: 19645: 19636: 19626: 19616: 19609: 19602: 19595: 19588: 19581: 19574: 19567: 19560: 19553: 19546: 19539: 19532: 19525: 19518: 19511: 19504: 19489: 19482: 19475: 19472: 19465: 19458: 19451: 19444: 19437: 19430: 19423: 19416: 19409: 19402: 19395: 19388: 19381: 19378: 19371: 19364: 19357: 19350: 19349:Bern: Francke. 19343: 19336: 19329: 19322: 19312: 19305: 19298: 19291: 19284: 19277: 19266: 19255: 19248: 19241: 19234: 19227: 19220: 19217: 19210: 19201: 19198: 19196: 19195: 19170: 19159: 19148: 19129: 19080: 19037: 19005: 18982: 18964: 18945: 18934:(in Sardinian) 18918: 18903: 18890: 18875: 18857: 18840:premiozieri.it 18827: 18820: 18801: 18786: 18768: 18745: 18732: 18714: 18700:Maxia, Mauro. 18692: 18657: 18636: 18618: 18611:Le labiovelari 18600: 18588: 18570: 18555: 18525: 18496: 18480: 18464: 18443: 18436: 18400: 18384: 18365: 18350: 18335: 18314: 18295: 18274: 18253: 18235: 18222: 18215: 18193: 18178: 18162: 18146: 18128: 18112: 18097: 18077: 18062: 18026: 18011: 17999:on 18 May 2018 17978: 17963: 17948: 17934: 17917: 17894: 17879: 17863: 17849: 17835: 17817: 17803: 17789: 17777: 17761: 17743: 17707: 17693: 17677: 17659: 17641: 17615: 17590: 17564: 17543: 17527: 17512: 17500: 17479: 17468:. 20 July 2011 17453: 17432: 17418: 17401: 17385: 17359: 17344: 17330: 17327:. Della Torre. 17315: 17290: 17265: 17240: 17214: 17188: 17170: 17144: 17126: 17100: 17074: 17063:(in Sardinian) 17047: 17021: 16995: 16977: 16959: 16954:L'Unione Sarda 16941: 16923: 16905: 16880: 16859: 16834: 16804: 16778: 16767:(in Sardinian) 16751: 16733: 16715: 16697: 16667: 16653: 16650:. 3 July 2016. 16639: 16625: 16620:Giornalettismo 16607: 16589: 16563: 16537: 16516: 16498: 16480: 16454: 16436: 16414: 16389: 16368: 16343: 16314: 16303:. 27 June 2013 16288: 16270:Simone Tatti. 16262: 16241: 16216: 16190: 16165: 16147: 16129: 16111: 16104: 16078: 16056: 16053:. Istat. 2017. 16042: 16027: 16013: 15997: 15980: 15969:. 30 July 2014 15954: 15927: 15894: 15878: 15850: 15832: 15815: 15796: 15778: 15752: 15726: 15708: 15701: 15682: 15656: 15635: 15617: 15605: 15592: 15580: 15548: 15530: 15512: 15494: 15482: 15469: 15454: 15418: 15411: 15392: 15379: 15364: 15346: 15328: 15308: 15292: 15272: 15265: 15247: 15231: 15215: 15199: 15186: 15171: 15156: 15141: 15121: 15106: 15090: 15075: 15055: 15039: 15022: 15004: 14984: 14963: 14950:Eliseo Spiga, 14940: 14923: 14905: 14890: 14875: 14860: 14852: 14834: 14818: 14805: 14789: 14768: 14752: 14737: 14722: 14695: 14680: 14663: 14648: 14631: 14595: 14575: 14560: 14534: 14498: 14485: 14468: 14455: 14435: 14419: 14399: 14386: 14371: 14351: 14333: 14317: 14304: 14284: 14263: 14247: 14229: 14193: 14172: 14157: 14124: 14106: 14093: 14075: 14060: 14045: 14025: 14010: 13995: 13981: 13966: 13952: 13937: 13919: 13904: 13886: 13871: 13853: 13835: 13828: 13803: 13788: 13752: 13735: 13712: 13694: 13681: 13663: 13640: 13625: 13608: 13591: 13567: 13547: 13533:sardo illustre 13531:fu denominata 13512: 13495: 13462: 13446: 13434: 13419: 13406: 13401:Literature 8.2 13387: 13369: 13351: 13336: 13323: 13310: 13296: 13278: 13266: 13261:www.poesias.it 13248: 13230: 13217: 13199: 13181: 13151: 13136: 13122: 13107: 13091: 13075: 13060: 13040: 13022: 13000: 12983: 12967: 12951: 12935: 12906: 12891: 12876: 12860: 12845: 12810: 12791: 12775: 12759: 12743: 12719: 12704: 12699:Fratelli Bocca 12685: 12670: 12655: 12642: 12627: 12612: 12597: 12582: 12567: 12552: 12540:Joaquín Arce. 12532: 12517: 12502: 12472: 12456: 12438: 12420: 12407: 12392: 12377: 12350: 12337: 12324: 12315: 12297: 12281: 12264: 12235: 12232:. p. 359. 12219: 12204: 12188: 12169: 12136: 12121: 12106: 12088: 12064: 12051: 12038: 12036:, 1990, p. 236 12025: 12012: 11997: 11982: 11959: 11942: 11933: 11916: 11902: 11880: 11865: 11844: 11837: 11819: 11801: 11786: 11771: 11756: 11738: 11731: 11713: 11706: 11688: 11671: 11656: 11641: 11632: 11619: 11604: 11587: 11567: 11552: 11514: 11505: 11483: 11476: 11458: 11443: 11408: 11390: 11372: 11351: 11338: 11320: 11305: 11286: 11259: 11235: 11222: 11209: 11188: 11170: 11163: 11145: 11138: 11118: 11103: 11088: 11072: 11054: 11039: 11021: 11006: 10991: 10976: 10961: 10945: 10932: 10919: 10906: 10893: 10878: 10863: 10848: 10832: 10814: 10801: 10783: 10763: 10723: 10708: 10692: 10680: 10660: 10645: 10629: 10588: 10559: 10542: 10512: 10498: 10485: 10469: 10460: 10445: 10432: 10408: 10401: 10380: 10371: 10358: 10345: 10330: 10321: 10314: 10292: 10285: 10267: 10217: 10199: 10189: 10186:. p. 227. 10174: 10156: 10131: 10118: 10088: 10066: 10050: 10034: 10022: 10006: 9993: 9981: 9968: 9935: 9928: 9897: 9881: 9878:. p. 251. 9821: 9795: 9780: 9765: 9751: 9736: 9721: 9703: 9688: 9669: 9653: 9646: 9626: 9607: 9594:10.2307/477388 9588:(3): 151–157. 9572: 9557: 9542: 9528: 9512: 9496: 9489: 9471: 9458:(2): 135–146. 9435: 9421: 9406: 9390: 9377: 9362: 9345: 9329: 9314: 9301: 9287: 9261: 9228: 9188: 9170: 9158: 9143: 9125: 9105: 9079: 9060: 9044: 9028: 9017: 9004: 8988: 8962: 8939:Matteo Bartoli 8929: 8915: 8906: 8891: 8870: 8855: 8840: 8829:on 5 July 2023 8805: 8790: 8773: 8758: 8743: 8728: 8711: 8680: 8657: 8642: 8639:. p. 499. 8616: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8588: 8587: 8566: 8552:Irish language 8543: 8513: 8498: 8495:. Youcanprint. 8477: 8463:L'Unione Sarda 8454: 8431: 8413: 8387: 8362: 8349: 8326: 8316: 8283: 8254: 8217: 8201:Pope Symmachus 8192: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8180: 8179: 8174: 8156: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8130: 8129: 8115: 8099: 8096: 8084:Main article: 8081: 8078: 8034:Michel Contini 8030:Giulio Angioni 7984: 7981: 7978: 7977: 7954: 7931: 7908: 7885: 7862: 7838: 7837: 7834: 7831: 7828: 7825: 7822: 7815: 7814:Sample of text 7812: 7745: 7744: 7705:(the houses). 7687:Roman province 7498: 7495: 7492: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7437: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7382: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7327: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7272: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7217: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7162: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7107: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7052: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6997: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6942: 6941: 6934: 6927: 6922: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6893: 6886: 6879: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6867: 6857: 6844: 6829: 6817: 6808: 6793: 6773: 6772: 6771: 6737: 6728: 6714: 6705: 6690: 6670: 6631: 6604: 6583: 6568: 6553:echo questions 6549: 6548: 6547: 6508: 6505: 6502: 6501: 6492: 6483: 6474: 6465: 6456: 6447: 6438: 6429: 6420: 6411: 6402: 6393: 6389: 6388: 6363: 6338: 6313: 6288: 6263: 6238: 6213: 6188: 6163: 6138: 6113: 6088: 6084: 6083: 6058: 6033: 6008: 5983: 5958: 5933: 5908: 5883: 5858: 5833: 5808: 5783: 5780: 5776: 5775: 5750: 5725: 5700: 5675: 5650: 5625: 5600: 5575: 5550: 5525: 5500: 5475: 5471: 5470: 5445: 5420: 5395: 5370: 5345: 5320: 5295: 5270: 5245: 5220: 5195: 5170: 5167: 5163: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5095: 5090: 5086: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5036: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4963:Main article: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4955: 4952: 4949: 4940: 4939: 4936: 4933: 4930: 4926: 4925: 4922: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4911: 4908: 4905: 4901: 4900: 4897: 4893: 4892: 4889: 4885: 4884: 4881: 4878: 4875: 4871: 4870: 4867: 4864: 4861: 4857: 4856: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4835: 4804: 4723: 4720: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4708: 4706: 4699: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4683: 4681: 4674: 4668: 4667: 4660: 4658: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4637: 4635: 4628: 4622: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4580: 4578: 4571: 4569: 4561: 4555: 4554: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4528: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4509: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4471: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4452: 4450: 4443: 4435: 4428: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4407: 4399: 4392: 4385: 4378: 4371: 4363: 4362: 4355: 4347: 4345: 4338: 4331: 4324: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4305: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4254:Main article: 4251: 4248: 4176: 4088:Czech Republic 4078:etc.), Spain ( 3942:code-switching 3803:Randagiu Sardu 3799:Malos Cantores 3715:cantu a tenore 3638:No sias isciau 3499:Language shift 3490: 3487: 3450:Fascist regime 3280:L'Unione Sarda 3270: 3267: 3207:Perfect Fusion 3150:Perfect Fusion 3118:Giovanni Spano 2921:Italianisation 2875:House of Savoy 2871:personal union 2866:summa potestas 2831:Italianisation 2818: 2815: 2668:Conrad Gessner 2643:in Sardinian. 2584:but living in 2514: 2513: 2482: 2481: 2276:personal union 2272:summa potestas 2249: 2246: 2214:Castelgenovese 2202:Greek alphabet 1999:in Sardinian, 1937: 1936: 1932: 1931: 1891:Arab expansion 1855:Constantinople 1798: 1795: 1715:in Sardinian, 1701:Some linguists 1568:' (from Punic 1552:' (from Punic 1524:' (from Punic 1496:' (cf. Arabic 1484:' (from Punic 1436: 1435: 1180:proparoxytones 1117:, or from the 1057: 1056: 1051: 1048: 1003: 1002: 982:it, or adding 959: 957: 950: 944: 941: 818:diverged from 778: 761:Serbo-Croatian 755: 752: 744:language death 610:spoken by the 588:(Nuorese), or 513: 512: 499:, you may see 485: 484: 473: 465: 464: 457: 451: 450: 443: 435: 434: 410: 402: 401: 392: 384: 383: 374: 366: 365: 364:Language codes 361: 360: 359: 358: 350: 347: 342: 336: 335: 333: 332: 317: 315: 310: 307: 306: 302: 301: 299: 298: 287: 276: 269: 267: 265:Standard forms 264: 261: 260: 258: 257: 256: 255: 241: 239: 236: 233: 232: 230: 229: 228: 227: 226: 225: 224: 223: 222: 221: 220: 219: 184: 182: 175: 172: 171: 168: 165: 162: 161: 156: 152: 151: 146: 142: 141: 136: 135:Native to 132: 131: 124: 120: 119: 117: 116: 109: 101: 98: 97: 93: 92: 82: 81: 61:it, or adding 38: 36: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 23555: 23544: 23541: 23539: 23536: 23534: 23531: 23529: 23526: 23524: 23521: 23519: 23516: 23514: 23511: 23510: 23508: 23492: 23488: 23486: 23482: 23479: 23477: 23473: 23470: 23469: 23466: 23460: 23459:Proto-Romance 23457: 23456: 23454: 23452:Reconstructed 23450: 23442: 23439: 23437: 23434: 23433: 23432: 23429: 23427: 23426: 23422: 23420: 23419: 23418:British Latin 23415: 23413: 23412: 23408: 23407: 23405: 23401: 23389: 23386: 23384: 23381: 23379: 23376: 23374: 23371: 23370: 23368: 23365: 23362: 23361: 23357: 23356: 23354: 23350: 23342: 23339: 23337: 23334: 23332: 23329: 23327: 23324: 23322: 23319: 23318: 23317: 23314: 23310: 23307: 23305: 23302: 23301: 23300: 23297: 23293: 23290: 23289: 23288: 23285: 23284: 23282: 23280: 23274: 23264: 23263: 23259: 23258: 23257: 23256: 23252: 23248: 23245: 23243: 23240: 23239: 23238: 23237:Vivaro-Alpine 23235: 23231: 23228: 23227: 23226: 23223: 23221: 23218: 23216: 23213: 23211: 23210: 23206: 23202: 23201: 23197: 23195: 23192: 23190: 23187: 23185: 23182: 23181: 23180: 23177: 23175: 23172: 23171: 23170: 23167: 23161: 23158: 23156: 23153: 23152: 23150: 23148: 23145: 23143: 23142: 23138: 23134: 23131: 23129: 23126: 23122: 23119: 23117: 23114: 23113: 23112: 23109: 23107: 23104: 23103: 23101: 23099: 23096: 23095: 23094: 23093: 23089: 23088: 23086: 23084: 23078: 23067: 23064: 23061: 23058: 23057: 23055: 23051: 23043: 23042: 23041:Old Navarrese 23038: 23037: 23036: 23035: 23031: 23029: 23026: 23022: 23019: 23018: 23017: 23014: 23012: 23011: 23007: 23006: 23004: 23000: 22994: 22993: 22989: 22985: 22982: 22980: 22977: 22975: 22972: 22968: 22965: 22963: 22960: 22958: 22955: 22953: 22950: 22946: 22943: 22942: 22941: 22938: 22937: 22936: 22935: 22931: 22927: 22924: 22920: 22917: 22916: 22915: 22912: 22908: 22905: 22904: 22903: 22900: 22899: 22898: 22897: 22893: 22891: 22890:Equatoguinean 22888: 22886: 22883: 22882: 22881: 22880: 22876: 22874: 22871: 22869: 22866: 22864: 22861: 22860: 22858: 22856: 22852: 22846: 22845: 22841: 22837: 22834: 22832: 22829: 22825: 22822: 22821: 22820: 22819: 22815: 22811: 22808: 22807: 22806: 22805: 22801: 22799: 22796: 22794: 22793: 22789: 22787: 22784: 22783: 22782: 22781: 22777: 22775: 22774: 22770: 22768: 22765: 22760: 22757: 22756: 22755: 22752: 22750: 22747: 22746: 22744: 22742: 22738: 22732: 22731: 22727: 22725: 22722: 22718: 22715: 22714: 22713: 22710: 22708: 22705: 22701: 22698: 22697: 22696: 22693: 22692: 22690: 22688: 22684: 22681: 22678: 22671: 22665: 22655: 22654: 22650: 22648: 22647: 22643: 22639: 22636: 22634: 22631: 22629: 22626: 22625: 22623: 22620: 22619: 22616: 22608: 22605: 22603: 22600: 22599: 22598: 22595: 22591: 22588: 22586: 22583: 22582: 22581: 22578: 22576: 22573: 22571: 22568: 22566: 22563: 22559: 22556: 22554: 22551: 22549: 22546: 22542: 22541: 22537: 22533: 22530: 22529: 22528: 22525: 22523: 22520: 22518: 22517: 22513: 22512: 22511: 22508: 22507: 22506: 22503: 22501: 22498: 22494: 22491: 22489: 22486: 22484: 22481: 22480: 22479: 22476: 22472: 22471: 22467: 22463: 22460: 22456: 22453: 22452: 22451: 22448: 22446: 22443: 22439: 22436: 22434: 22431: 22429: 22426: 22424: 22421: 22417: 22414: 22412: 22409: 22408: 22407: 22404: 22402: 22399: 22397: 22394: 22390: 22387: 22385: 22382: 22381: 22380: 22377: 22376: 22375: 22372: 22371: 22369: 22367: 22364: 22362: 22359: 22358: 22357: 22356: 22352: 22350: 22347: 22345: 22344:Frainc-Comtou 22342: 22338: 22335: 22333: 22330: 22329: 22328: 22325: 22323: 22320: 22318: 22315: 22313: 22310: 22308: 22305: 22304: 22302: 22300: 22294: 22291: 22289: 22283: 22275: 22272: 22271: 22270: 22267: 22265: 22264: 22260: 22254: 22251: 22249: 22246: 22242: 22239: 22237: 22234: 22232: 22229: 22228: 22227: 22224: 22222: 22219: 22217: 22214: 22210: 22207: 22205: 22202: 22200: 22197: 22195: 22192: 22191: 22190: 22187: 22185: 22182: 22178: 22175: 22174: 22173: 22170: 22169: 22168: 22165: 22161: 22158: 22156: 22153: 22152: 22151: 22148: 22147: 22146: 22143: 22141: 22140:Judeo-Italian 22138: 22134: 22131: 22129: 22126: 22124: 22121: 22119: 22116: 22114: 22111: 22109: 22106: 22105: 22104: 22101: 22099: 22096: 22094: 22091: 22089: 22086: 22080: 22077: 22075: 22072: 22071: 22070: 22067: 22063: 22060: 22058: 22055: 22054: 22053: 22050: 22049: 22048: 22045: 22044: 22042: 22040: 22036: 22033: 22031: 22027: 22017: 22014: 22010: 22007: 22005: 22004: 22000: 21999: 21998: 21995: 21994: 21992: 21988: 21980: 21977: 21973: 21970: 21968: 21965: 21963: 21960: 21958: 21955: 21951: 21948: 21947: 21946: 21943: 21941: 21938: 21936: 21935:Castelmezzano 21933: 21931: 21928: 21926: 21923: 21922: 21921: 21920: 21916: 21915: 21914: 21911: 21905: 21902: 21901: 21900: 21897: 21893: 21890: 21889: 21888: 21885: 21883: 21880: 21879: 21878: 21875: 21874: 21872: 21868: 21860: 21857: 21856: 21855: 21854: 21850: 21848: 21845: 21841: 21840:Swiss Italian 21838: 21836: 21833: 21831: 21828: 21826: 21823: 21822: 21821: 21820: 21816: 21812: 21809: 21808: 21807: 21804: 21800: 21797: 21795: 21792: 21790: 21787: 21783: 21780: 21778: 21775: 21773: 21770: 21769: 21768: 21765: 21764: 21763: 21760: 21759: 21757: 21753: 21750: 21748: 21742: 21736: 21735: 21731: 21727: 21724: 21722: 21721:Transylvanian 21719: 21717: 21714: 21712: 21709: 21707: 21704: 21702: 21699: 21697: 21694: 21692: 21689: 21687: 21684: 21683: 21682: 21681: 21680:Daco-Romanian 21677: 21675: 21672: 21670: 21667: 21665: 21662: 21661: 21659: 21657: 21653: 21647: 21644: 21640: 21637: 21635: 21632: 21631: 21630: 21629:Italo-Western 21627: 21625: 21622: 21621: 21619: 21615: 21610: 21606: 21599: 21594: 21592: 21587: 21585: 21580: 21579: 21576: 21566: 21561: 21553: 21550: 21549: 21548: 21545: 21541: 21538: 21537: 21536: 21533: 21529: 21526: 21524: 21521: 21520: 21518: 21514: 21511: 21509: 21506: 21505: 21504: 21501: 21499: 21496: 21495: 21493: 21491: 21487: 21481: 21478: 21474: 21471: 21469: 21466: 21464: 21461: 21459: 21456: 21455: 21454: 21451: 21449: 21446: 21444: 21441: 21439: 21436: 21432: 21429: 21428: 21427: 21424: 21422: 21419: 21417: 21414: 21413: 21411: 21407: 21401: 21398: 21396: 21393: 21391: 21388: 21386: 21383: 21382: 21380: 21378: 21374: 21368: 21365: 21363: 21360: 21356: 21353: 21352: 21351: 21348: 21346: 21343: 21341: 21338: 21336: 21333: 21332: 21330: 21328: 21324: 21319: 21307: 21304: 21302: 21299: 21297: 21294: 21292: 21289: 21287: 21284: 21283: 21282: 21279: 21277: 21274: 21273: 21271: 21267: 21263: 21258: 21249: 21244: 21242: 21237: 21235: 21230: 21229: 21226: 21208: 21204: 21193: 21190: 21185: 21181: 21180: 21179: 21176: 21174: 21171: 21166: 21162: 21161: 21160: 21157: 21156: 21154: 21150: 21140: 21137: 21135: 21132: 21130: 21127: 21126: 21124: 21120: 21111: 21107: 21106: 21105: 21102: 21100: 21097: 21095: 21092: 21091: 21089: 21087: 21083: 21080: 21078: 21074: 21064: 21061: 21059: 21056: 21055: 21053: 21051: 21050:Italiot Greek 21047: 21044: 21042: 21038: 21028: 21025: 21023: 21022:Slavomolisano 21020: 21018: 21015: 21013: 21010: 21009: 21007: 21005: 21001: 20995: 20992: 20990: 20987: 20985: 20982: 20980: 20977: 20975: 20972: 20970: 20967: 20965: 20962: 20960: 20957: 20956: 20954: 20952: 20948: 20945: 20943: 20939: 20926: 20922: 20921: 20920: 20917: 20916: 20914: 20912: 20908: 20905: 20903: 20899: 20895: 20888: 20877: 20858: 20854: 20851: 20847: 20844: 20840: 20839: 20838: 20835: 20833: 20830: 20829: 20827: 20825: 20821: 20818: 20816: 20812: 20802: 20799: 20797: 20794: 20793: 20791: 20789: 20785: 20782: 20780: 20776: 20766: 20763: 20761: 20758: 20756: 20755:Judeo-Italian 20753: 20751: 20748: 20746: 20743: 20742: 20740: 20734: 20725: 20721: 20720: 20719: 20716: 20711: 20707: 20704: 20700: 20699: 20698: 20695: 20694: 20692: 20690: 20686: 20677: 20673: 20670: 20666: 20665: 20664: 20661: 20656: 20652: 20647: 20643: 20640: 20636: 20633: 20629: 20628: 20626: 20622: 20619: 20615: 20610: 20606: 20605: 20603: 20599: 20596: 20592: 20587: 20583: 20580: 20576: 20573: 20569: 20566: 20562: 20561: 20559: 20555: 20550: 20546: 20545: 20543: 20539: 20534: 20530: 20529: 20527: 20523: 20522: 20521: 20518: 20517: 20515: 20513: 20509: 20503: 20500: 20498: 20495: 20493: 20490: 20488: 20485: 20483: 20480: 20478: 20475: 20474: 20472: 20470: 20466: 20463: 20461: 20457: 20444: 20440: 20439: 20438: 20435: 20433: 20430: 20429: 20427: 20425: 20421: 20415: 20412: 20411: 20409: 20407: 20403: 20400: 20398: 20397:Gallo-Romance 20394: 20384: 20381: 20376: 20372: 20371: 20370: 20369:Vivaro-Alpine 20367: 20366: 20364: 20362: 20358: 20352: 20349: 20348: 20346: 20344: 20340: 20337: 20335: 20331: 20321: 20318: 20316: 20313: 20312: 20310: 20308: 20304: 20301: 20299: 20295: 20285: 20282: 20280: 20277: 20275: 20272: 20271: 20269: 20263: 20254: 20250: 20249: 20248: 20245: 20240: 20236: 20235: 20234: 20231: 20229: 20226: 20225: 20223: 20221: 20217: 20211: 20208: 20206: 20203: 20201: 20198: 20196: 20193: 20188: 20184: 20183: 20182: 20179: 20177: 20174: 20172: 20169: 20167: 20164: 20162: 20159: 20157: 20154: 20153: 20151: 20149: 20145: 20139: 20136: 20134: 20131: 20129: 20126: 20124: 20121: 20119: 20116: 20115: 20113: 20109: 20103: 20100: 20099: 20097: 20095: 20091: 20085: 20082: 20081: 20079: 20077: 20073: 20070: 20068: 20067:Italo-Romance 20064: 20060: 20056: 20052: 20048: 20044: 20040: 20036: 20032: 20028: 20024: 20020: 20016: 20012: 20008: 20004: 20000: 19999: 19993: 19989: 19984: 19975: 19970: 19968: 19963: 19961: 19956: 19955: 19952: 19946: 19942: 19938: 19936: 19932: 19929: 19927: 19923: 19920: 19916: 19913: 19910: 19908: 19904: 19901: 19898: 19896: 19893: 19891: 19888: 19886: 19883: 19881: 19878: 19875: 19871: 19868: 19865: 19862: 19861: 19857: 19854: 19850: 19847: 19844: 19842: 19839: 19837: 19834: 19831: 19828: 19825: 19822: 19819: 19818: 19814: 19811: 19809: 19806: 19804: 19801: 19798: 19797: 19793: 19790: 19786: 19783: 19781: 19777: 19774: 19771: 19770: 19763: 19760: 19752: 19742: 19738: 19737:inappropriate 19734: 19730: 19724: 19722: 19715: 19706: 19705: 19694: 19690: 19687: 19684:. 1960–1964. 19683: 19680: 19677: 19673: 19670: 19667: 19663: 19660: 19657: 19653: 19650: 19646: 19643: 19642: 19637: 19634: 19630: 19627: 19624: 19620: 19617: 19614: 19610: 19607: 19603: 19600: 19596: 19593: 19589: 19586: 19582: 19579: 19575: 19572: 19568: 19565: 19561: 19558: 19554: 19551: 19547: 19544: 19540: 19537: 19533: 19530: 19526: 19523: 19519: 19516: 19512: 19509: 19505: 19502: 19498: 19494: 19490: 19487: 19483: 19480: 19476: 19473: 19470: 19466: 19463: 19459: 19456: 19452: 19449: 19445: 19442: 19438: 19435: 19431: 19428: 19424: 19421: 19417: 19414: 19410: 19407: 19403: 19400: 19396: 19393: 19389: 19386: 19382: 19379: 19376: 19372: 19369: 19365: 19362: 19358: 19355: 19351: 19348: 19344: 19341: 19337: 19334: 19330: 19327: 19323: 19320: 19316: 19313: 19310: 19306: 19303: 19299: 19296: 19292: 19289: 19285: 19282: 19278: 19275: 19271: 19267: 19264: 19260: 19256: 19253: 19249: 19246: 19242: 19239: 19235: 19232: 19228: 19225: 19221: 19218: 19215: 19211: 19208: 19204: 19203: 19192: 19188: 19184: 19180: 19174: 19168: 19163: 19157: 19152: 19144: 19140: 19133: 19125: 19121: 19116: 19111: 19107: 19103: 19099: 19095: 19091: 19084: 19065: 19061: 19054: 19048: 19046: 19044: 19042: 19022: 19015: 19009: 18993: 18986: 18979:(in Italian). 18978: 18975: 18968: 18957: 18956: 18949: 18933: 18929: 18922: 18914: 18907: 18900: 18894: 18886: 18882: 18878: 18872: 18868: 18861: 18845: 18841: 18837: 18831: 18823: 18817: 18813: 18805: 18797: 18793: 18789: 18783: 18779: 18772: 18756: 18749: 18742: 18736: 18728: 18727: 18718: 18711: 18707: 18704: 18703: 18696: 18677: 18670: 18664: 18662: 18649: 18640: 18632: 18628: 18622: 18614: 18612: 18604: 18597: 18592: 18584: 18582: 18574: 18566: 18559: 18543: 18539: 18532: 18530: 18522: 18517: 18513: 18512:Cabu de Jossu 18509: 18503: 18501: 18493: 18487: 18485: 18477: 18471: 18469: 18453: 18447: 18439: 18433: 18429: 18425: 18421: 18414: 18407: 18405: 18396: 18388: 18380: 18372: 18370: 18361: 18354: 18346: 18342: 18338: 18332: 18328: 18321: 18319: 18311: 18306: 18302: 18298: 18292: 18288: 18281: 18279: 18267: 18265: 18257: 18249: 18248: 18239: 18232: 18226: 18218: 18212: 18208: 18204: 18197: 18189: 18182: 18174: 18166: 18158: 18150: 18142: 18138: 18132: 18124: 18116: 18108: 18101: 18093: 18087: 18081: 18073: 18066: 18047: 18040: 18033: 18031: 18022: 18015: 17998: 17994: 17988: 17982: 17974: 17967: 17959: 17952: 17944: 17938: 17932:, Gorizia, 6. 17931: 17927: 17921: 17914: 17910: 17906: 17898: 17891:. p. 62. 17890: 17883: 17875: 17867: 17859: 17853: 17845: 17839: 17831: 17827: 17821: 17813: 17807: 17799: 17793: 17786: 17781: 17773: 17765: 17757: 17755: 17747: 17728: 17721: 17719: 17711: 17703: 17697: 17689: 17681: 17673: 17669: 17663: 17655: 17651: 17645: 17630: 17626: 17619: 17604: 17600: 17594: 17578: 17574: 17568: 17553: 17547: 17539: 17531: 17523: 17516: 17509: 17504: 17489: 17483: 17467: 17466:vitobiolchini 17463: 17457: 17449: 17445: 17439: 17437: 17428: 17422: 17411: 17405: 17397: 17389: 17373: 17369: 17363: 17355: 17348: 17340: 17334: 17326: 17319: 17304: 17300: 17294: 17279: 17275: 17269: 17254: 17250: 17244: 17228: 17224: 17218: 17202: 17198: 17192: 17184: 17180: 17174: 17159:. 18 May 2015 17158: 17154: 17148: 17140: 17136: 17130: 17114: 17110: 17104: 17088: 17084: 17078: 17062: 17058: 17051: 17035: 17031: 17025: 17009: 17005: 16999: 16991: 16987: 16981: 16973: 16969: 16963: 16955: 16951: 16945: 16937: 16933: 16927: 16919: 16918:la Repubblica 16915: 16909: 16894: 16893:Sardegna Oggi 16890: 16884: 16869: 16863: 16848: 16844: 16838: 16822: 16818: 16816: 16808: 16792: 16788: 16782: 16766: 16762: 16755: 16747: 16743: 16737: 16729: 16725: 16719: 16711: 16707: 16701: 16685: 16681: 16679: 16671: 16663: 16657: 16649: 16643: 16635: 16629: 16621: 16617: 16611: 16603: 16599: 16593: 16577: 16573: 16567: 16552: 16548: 16541: 16526: 16520: 16512: 16508: 16502: 16494: 16490: 16484: 16468: 16464: 16458: 16450: 16446: 16440: 16425: 16418: 16403: 16399: 16393: 16378: 16372: 16357: 16353: 16347: 16332:. 9 July 2013 16331: 16327: 16321: 16319: 16302: 16298: 16292: 16277: 16273: 16266: 16251: 16245: 16230: 16226: 16220: 16205: 16201: 16194: 16179: 16175: 16169: 16161: 16157: 16151: 16143: 16139: 16133: 16125: 16121: 16115: 16107: 16101: 16097: 16092: 16091: 16082: 16067: 16060: 16052: 16046: 16038: 16031: 16023: 16017: 16010: 16004: 16002: 15994: 15990: 15984: 15968: 15964: 15958: 15943: 15942: 15937: 15931: 15912: 15905: 15898: 15890: 15882: 15874: 15868: 15864: 15860: 15854: 15846: 15842: 15836: 15830:, Gorizia, 4. 15829: 15825: 15819: 15813: 15809: 15805: 15800: 15792: 15791:www.midesa.it 15788: 15782: 15767: 15761: 15759: 15757: 15740: 15736: 15730: 15719: 15712: 15704: 15702:0-313-30984-1 15698: 15694: 15686: 15671:. 6 June 2013 15670: 15666: 15660: 15649: 15647: 15639: 15631: 15627: 15621: 15614: 15609: 15602: 15596: 15589: 15584: 15565: 15558: 15552: 15544: 15540: 15534: 15526: 15522: 15516: 15508: 15504: 15498: 15491: 15486: 15479: 15473: 15465: 15458: 15439: 15432: 15430: 15427:"Oppo, Anna. 15422: 15414: 15408: 15404: 15396: 15389: 15383: 15375: 15368: 15360: 15356: 15350: 15342: 15335: 15333: 15321: 15320: 15312: 15304: 15296: 15285: 15284: 15276: 15268: 15262: 15258: 15251: 15243: 15235: 15227: 15219: 15211: 15203: 15196: 15190: 15182: 15175: 15167: 15160: 15152: 15145: 15137: 15130: 15128: 15126: 15117: 15110: 15102: 15094: 15086: 15079: 15068: 15067: 15059: 15051: 15043: 15036: 15032: 15026: 15018: 15011: 15009: 14997: 14996: 14988: 14977: 14976: 14967: 14959: 14953: 14947: 14945: 14933: 14927: 14919: 14915: 14909: 14901: 14894: 14886: 14879: 14871: 14864: 14855: 14849: 14845: 14838: 14830: 14822: 14815: 14809: 14801: 14793: 14782: 14781: 14772: 14764: 14756: 14748: 14741: 14733: 14726: 14710: 14706: 14699: 14691: 14690:Nazione Sarda 14684: 14673: 14667: 14659: 14652: 14645: 14641: 14635: 14616: 14609: 14607: 14599: 14588: 14587: 14579: 14571: 14564: 14548: 14544: 14538: 14519: 14512: 14510: 14502: 14495: 14489: 14478: 14472: 14465: 14459: 14451: 14445: 14439: 14431: 14423: 14415: 14409: 14403: 14396: 14390: 14382: 14375: 14367: 14361: 14355: 14347: 14340: 14338: 14329: 14321: 14314: 14308: 14302: 14301:88-88569-89-8 14298: 14294: 14288: 14277: 14275: 14267: 14259: 14258:Poesie scelte 14251: 14243: 14239: 14233: 14214: 14207: 14205: 14197: 14186: 14184: 14176: 14168: 14161: 14145: 14141: 14139: 14138:Remundu Piras 14131: 14129: 14120: 14116: 14110: 14103: 14097: 14091: 14086: 14079: 14071: 14064: 14056: 14049: 14041: 14035: 14029: 14021: 14014: 14006: 13999: 13991: 13985: 13977: 13970: 13962: 13956: 13948: 13941: 13933: 13926: 13924: 13915: 13908: 13900: 13893: 13891: 13882: 13875: 13867: 13860: 13858: 13849: 13842: 13840: 13831: 13825: 13821: 13814: 13812: 13810: 13808: 13800:. 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4278: 4275: 4272: 4262: 4257: 4247: 4243: 4241: 4237: 4232: 4230: 4225: 4222: 4217: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4186: 4175: 4170: 4168: 4163: 4156: 4151: 4147: 4145: 4140: 4137:In 2015, the 4135: 4133: 4127: 4126:competences. 4124: 4121: 4117: 4107: 4103: 4101: 4097: 4094:university). 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4060: 4057: 4052: 4050: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3986: 3985:Lord's Prayer 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3968: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3950: 3948: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3930: 3928: 3924: 3919: 3912: 3908: 3903: 3899: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3879: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3832: 3829: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3758: 3751: 3745: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3725: 3724: 3717: 3716: 3710: 3702: 3697: 3693: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3674: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3653: 3647: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3620: 3617: 3613: 3610:, etc.). The 3608: 3602: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3582: 3576: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3541: 3536: 3530: 3525: 3522: 3521:modernisation 3518: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3496: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3477: 3473: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3431: 3428: 3423: 3420: 3414: 3409: 3405: 3404:Falklands War 3401: 3398:, as well as 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3351: 3346: 3344: 3339: 3333: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3306: 3300: 3295: 3286: 3282: 3281: 3275: 3266: 3263: 3257: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3235: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3199:Charles Felix 3196: 3195: 3194:Carta de Logu 3190: 3185: 3182: 3176: 3170: 3164: 3159: 3153: 3151: 3142: 3137: 3133: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3114: 3107: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3081:was the poem 3080: 3076: 3071: 3070:their works. 3068: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3050: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3014: 3013:capo di sopra 3008: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2986: 2983: 2978: 2972: 2969: 2964: 2960: 2954: 2951: 2950:caccia grossa 2946: 2942: 2938: 2933: 2929: 2926: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2900: 2897: 2890: 2887: 2886:prestige code 2883: 2878: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2853: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2795: 2790: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2763: 2756: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2739: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2717: 2711: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2671: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2656: 2650: 2644: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2629: 2623: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2601: 2595: 2592: 2587: 2583: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2544: 2538: 2532: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2512: 2484: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475:Extract from 2473: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2438: 2437:Carta de Logu 2432: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2414: 2409: 2403: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2383: 2377: 2374: 2368: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2331: 2325: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2308: 2303: 2297: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2255: 2245: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2190:Carta Volgare 2187: 2182: 2176: 2167: 2162: 2158: 2156: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2139: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2112: 2107: 2104: 2098: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2068: 2063: 2057: 2052: 2048: 2047: 2042: 2038: 2035: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2003: 1997: 1992: 1988: 1987:Carta de Logu 1984: 1979: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1957:According to 1955: 1951: 1948: 1944: 1934: 1933: 1929: 1926:Extract from 1925: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1895:Mediterranean 1892: 1888: 1880: 1879:Carta de Logu 1875: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1843: 1841: 1840:Michele Amari 1837: 1833: 1830:was only the 1829: 1825: 1822: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1776: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1760: 1757: 1751: 1745: 1739: 1734: 1733:Saint Lucifer 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1705: 1702: 1698: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1673: 1668: 1667: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1556:; cf. Hebrew 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1441: 1433: 1432: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1394: 1386: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1277: 1271: 1265: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1226: 1221: 1215: 1214: 1209: 1205: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1145:Indo-European 1142: 1138: 1134: 1129: 1127: 1126: 1123:Sardus Pater 1120: 1116: 1113: 1103: 1099: 1096:, one of the 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1062: 1054: 1053: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1034:. Subsequent 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1010: 999: 989: 985: 981: 977: 971: 967: 965: 960:This section 958: 949: 948: 940: 936: 934: 929: 924: 920: 916: 915:reddish-brown 912: 908: 907:shoulderblade 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 885: 881: 877: 872: 870: 866: 862: 858: 848: 844: 842: 837: 834: 830: 826: 821: 817: 813: 809: 804: 802: 798: 794: 791: 783: 777: 774: 770: 766: 762: 751: 749: 745: 739: 737: 733: 729: 724: 721: 715: 712: 711:language loss 707: 704: 699: 693: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 623: 621: 617: 613: 609: 604: 598: 592: 586: 580: 575: 569: 563: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 535: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 492: 486: 481: 477: 471: 466: 462: 458: 456: 452: 448: 444: 442: 441: 436: 431: 424: 415: 411: 408: 403: 398: 393: 390: 385: 380: 375: 372: 367: 362: 354: 351: 348: 345: 344: 343: 341: 337: 328: 325: 324: 320: 316: 308: 303: 296: 292: 288: 285: 281: 277: 275: 271: 270: 268: 262: 254: 253:Proto-Romance 251: 250: 249: 246: 245: 244: 240: 234: 218: 215: 214: 212: 209: 208: 207: 204: 203: 202: 199: 198: 197: 194: 193: 192: 189: 188: 187: 186:Indo-European 183: 179: 173: 169: 163: 160: 157: 153: 150: 147: 143: 140: 137: 133: 129: 125: 123:Pronunciation 121: 114: 110: 107: 103: 102: 99: 94: 89: 86: 78: 68: 64: 60: 56: 50: 46: 44: 39:This article 37: 28: 27: 22: 23480: 23471: 23430: 23423: 23416: 23409: 23358: 23260: 23253: 23215:Languedocien 23207: 23200:Judeo-Gascon 23198: 23139: 23090: 23060:Barranquenho 23039: 23032: 23008: 22990: 22932: 22894: 22877: 22868:Extremaduran 22842: 22816: 22802: 22790: 22778: 22771: 22728: 22687:Asturleonese 22651: 22644: 22602:West Walloon 22590:Saintongeais 22538: 22514: 22510:Anglo-Norman 22468: 22401:Newfoundland 22361:Jersey Legal 22353: 22261: 22226:Southwestern 22209:Vallassinese 22098:Gallo-Picene 22039:Gallo-Italic 22001: 21917: 21912: 21851: 21817: 21732: 21678: 21502: 21207: 21184:Sinte Romani 20994:Torre Valley 20942:South Slavic 20887:Italy portal 20579:Vallassinese 20460:Gallo-Italic 20306: 20297: 20046: 19996: 19925: 19859: 19815: 19795: 19779: 19755: 19746: 19731:by removing 19718: 19692: 19685: 19675: 19665: 19655: 19648: 19639: 19632: 19622: 19612: 19605: 19598: 19591: 19584: 19577: 19570: 19563: 19556: 19549: 19542: 19535: 19528: 19521: 19514: 19507: 19492: 19485: 19478: 19468: 19461: 19454: 19447: 19440: 19433: 19426: 19419: 19412: 19405: 19398: 19391: 19384: 19374: 19367: 19360: 19353: 19346: 19339: 19332: 19325: 19318: 19308: 19301: 19294: 19287: 19280: 19273: 19269: 19262: 19258: 19251: 19244: 19237: 19230: 19223: 19213: 19206: 19200:Bibliography 19182: 19178: 19173: 19162: 19151: 19142: 19132: 19097: 19093: 19083: 19071:. Retrieved 19064:the original 19059: 19028:. Retrieved 19021:the original 19008: 18996:. Retrieved 18994:(in Italian) 18985: 18976: 18967: 18954: 18948: 18936:. Retrieved 18931: 18921: 18912: 18906: 18898: 18893: 18866: 18860: 18848:. Retrieved 18844:the original 18839: 18830: 18811: 18804: 18777: 18771: 18759:. Retrieved 18757:(in Italian) 18748: 18740: 18735: 18725: 18717: 18701: 18695: 18683:. Retrieved 18676:the original 18639: 18630: 18621: 18610: 18603: 18595: 18591: 18580: 18573: 18564: 18558: 18546:. Retrieved 18544:(in Italian) 18541: 18520: 18515: 18511: 18508:Cabu de Susu 18507: 18491: 18475: 18455:. Retrieved 18446: 18419: 18394: 18387: 18378: 18353: 18326: 18308: 18286: 18263: 18256: 18246: 18238: 18229:Wolfe, Sam. 18225: 18206: 18196: 18187: 18181: 18172: 18165: 18156: 18149: 18140: 18131: 18122: 18115: 18106: 18100: 18091: 18085: 18080: 18071: 18065: 18053:. Retrieved 18046:the original 18020: 18014: 18001:. Retrieved 17997:the original 17986: 17981: 17972: 17966: 17957: 17951: 17937: 17929: 17925: 17920: 17912: 17908: 17903: 17897: 17888: 17882: 17873: 17866: 17852: 17838: 17829: 17820: 17806: 17792: 17784: 17780: 17771: 17764: 17753: 17746: 17734:. Retrieved 17727:the original 17717: 17710: 17696: 17690:. Condaghes. 17687: 17680: 17671: 17662: 17653: 17644: 17632:. Retrieved 17628: 17618: 17606:. Retrieved 17602: 17593: 17581:. Retrieved 17576: 17567: 17555:. Retrieved 17546: 17537: 17530: 17521: 17515: 17507: 17503: 17491:. Retrieved 17482: 17470:. Retrieved 17465: 17456: 17447: 17421: 17404: 17395: 17388: 17376:. Retrieved 17372:the original 17362: 17353: 17347: 17333: 17324: 17318: 17306:. Retrieved 17302: 17293: 17281:. Retrieved 17277: 17268: 17256:. Retrieved 17252: 17243: 17231:. Retrieved 17226: 17217: 17205:. Retrieved 17200: 17191: 17182: 17173: 17161:. Retrieved 17156: 17147: 17139:the original 17129: 17117:. Retrieved 17112: 17103: 17091:. Retrieved 17086: 17077: 17065:. Retrieved 17060: 17050: 17038:. Retrieved 17033: 17024: 17012:. Retrieved 17007: 16998: 16989: 16980: 16971: 16962: 16953: 16944: 16935: 16926: 16917: 16908: 16896:. Retrieved 16892: 16883: 16871:. Retrieved 16862: 16850:. Retrieved 16846: 16837: 16825:. Retrieved 16821:the original 16814: 16807: 16795:. Retrieved 16790: 16781: 16769:. Retrieved 16764: 16754: 16745: 16736: 16727: 16718: 16709: 16700: 16688:. Retrieved 16684:the original 16677: 16670: 16656: 16642: 16628: 16619: 16610: 16601: 16592: 16580:. Retrieved 16575: 16566: 16554:. Retrieved 16550: 16540: 16528:. Retrieved 16519: 16510: 16501: 16493:the original 16483: 16473:26 September 16471:. Retrieved 16466: 16457: 16448: 16439: 16427:. Retrieved 16417: 16405:. Retrieved 16401: 16392: 16380:. Retrieved 16371: 16359:. Retrieved 16355: 16346: 16334:. Retrieved 16329: 16305:. Retrieved 16300: 16291: 16279:. Retrieved 16276:focusardegna 16275: 16265: 16253:. Retrieved 16244: 16232:. Retrieved 16228: 16219: 16207:. Retrieved 16203: 16193: 16181:. Retrieved 16177: 16168: 16159: 16150: 16141: 16132: 16123: 16114: 16089: 16081: 16069:. Retrieved 16059: 16045: 16030: 16016: 16008: 15992: 15988: 15983: 15971:. Retrieved 15966: 15957: 15945:. Retrieved 15939: 15930: 15918:. Retrieved 15911:the original 15897: 15888: 15881: 15875:. Condaghes. 15872: 15866: 15862: 15858: 15853: 15845:the Guardian 15844: 15835: 15827: 15823: 15818: 15799: 15790: 15781: 15769:. Retrieved 15743:. Retrieved 15738: 15729: 15711: 15692: 15685: 15673:. Retrieved 15668: 15659: 15645: 15638: 15629: 15620: 15608: 15600: 15595: 15587: 15583: 15571:. Retrieved 15564:the original 15551: 15542: 15533: 15524: 15515: 15506: 15497: 15489: 15485: 15477: 15472: 15463: 15457: 15445:. Retrieved 15438:the original 15428: 15421: 15402: 15395: 15387: 15382: 15373: 15367: 15358: 15349: 15340: 15318: 15311: 15302: 15295: 15282: 15275: 15256: 15250: 15241: 15234: 15225: 15218: 15209: 15202: 15194: 15189: 15180: 15174: 15165: 15159: 15150: 15144: 15135: 15115: 15109: 15100: 15093: 15084: 15078: 15065: 15058: 15049: 15042: 15034: 15030: 15025: 15016: 14994: 14987: 14974: 14966: 14957: 14951: 14926: 14917: 14908: 14899: 14893: 14884: 14878: 14869: 14863: 14843: 14837: 14831:. Condaghes. 14828: 14821: 14813: 14808: 14799: 14792: 14779: 14771: 14762: 14755: 14746: 14740: 14725: 14713:. Retrieved 14708: 14698: 14689: 14683: 14666: 14657: 14651: 14643: 14639: 14634: 14622:. Retrieved 14615:the original 14605: 14598: 14585: 14578: 14569: 14563: 14551:. Retrieved 14547:the original 14537: 14525:. Retrieved 14518:the original 14508: 14501: 14493: 14488: 14471: 14463: 14458: 14449: 14443: 14438: 14432:. Condaghes. 14429: 14422: 14416:. Condaghes. 14413: 14407: 14402: 14394: 14389: 14380: 14374: 14365: 14359: 14354: 14345: 14327: 14320: 14312: 14307: 14292: 14287: 14273: 14266: 14257: 14250: 14241: 14232: 14220:. Retrieved 14213:the original 14203: 14196: 14182: 14175: 14166: 14160: 14148:. Retrieved 14144:the original 14137: 14118: 14109: 14101: 14096: 14084: 14078: 14069: 14063: 14054: 14048: 14039: 14033: 14028: 14013: 14004: 13998: 13984: 13974: 13969: 13960: 13955: 13946: 13940: 13913: 13907: 13898: 13880: 13874: 13865: 13847: 13819: 13791: 13779:. Retrieved 13772:the original 13762: 13755: 13747: 13743: 13738: 13729: 13705: 13697: 13689: 13684: 13675: 13657: 13649: 13643: 13634: 13628: 13618: 13611: 13601: 13594: 13584: 13561: 13555: 13550: 13544:Introduction 13538: 13532: 13528: 13524: 13520: 13515: 13507: 13503: 13498: 13486:. Retrieved 13479:the original 13465: 13456: 13449: 13441: 13437: 13428: 13422: 13414: 13409: 13400: 13390: 13381: 13363: 13345: 13339: 13331: 13326: 13318: 13313: 13299: 13290: 13269: 13260: 13251: 13242: 13233: 13225: 13220: 13210: 13202: 13193: 13184: 13172:. Retrieved 13168:the original 13163: 13154: 13145: 13139: 13130: 13125: 13116: 13110: 13101: 13094: 13085: 13078: 13069: 13063: 13054: 13034: 13016: 12993: 12986: 12977: 12970: 12961: 12954: 12944: 12938: 12915: 12909: 12900: 12894: 12885: 12879: 12870: 12863: 12854: 12848: 12836:. Retrieved 12829:the original 12820: 12813: 12804: 12794: 12785: 12778: 12769: 12762: 12753: 12746: 12737: 12729: 12722: 12713: 12707: 12694: 12688: 12679: 12673: 12664: 12658: 12650: 12645: 12636: 12630: 12621: 12615: 12606: 12600: 12591: 12585: 12576: 12570: 12561: 12555: 12542: 12535: 12526: 12520: 12511: 12505: 12482: 12475: 12466: 12459: 12450: 12432: 12423: 12415: 12410: 12402: 12395: 12386: 12380: 12368:, retrieved 12366:(in Spanish) 12363: 12353: 12345: 12340: 12332: 12327: 12318: 12309: 12300: 12291: 12284: 12274: 12267: 12257: 12243: 12238: 12229: 12222: 12198: 12191: 12182: 12160:. Retrieved 12156:the original 12151: 12130: 12124: 12115: 12109: 12100: 12082: 12059: 12054: 12041: 12033: 12028: 12020: 12015: 12006: 12000: 11991: 11985: 11972: 11945: 11936: 11926: 11919: 11905: 11896: 11874: 11868: 11858: 11828: 11822: 11813: 11804: 11795: 11789: 11780: 11774: 11765: 11759: 11750: 11741: 11722: 11716: 11697: 11691: 11682: 11674: 11665: 11659: 11650: 11644: 11635: 11627: 11622: 11613: 11607: 11598: 11590: 11581: 11570: 11561: 11555: 11542:. Retrieved 11538:the original 11531: 11517: 11508: 11496:. Retrieved 11486: 11467: 11461: 11452: 11446: 11434:. Retrieved 11427:the original 11418: 11411: 11402: 11393: 11384: 11375: 11346: 11341: 11333: 11314: 11308: 11299: 11289: 11280: 11272:dominus meus 11271: 11267: 11262: 11250: 11238: 11230: 11225: 11217: 11212: 11200:. Retrieved 11191: 11182: 11173: 11154: 11148: 11128: 11121: 11112: 11106: 11097: 11091: 11082: 11075: 11066: 11048: 11042: 11033: 11015: 11009: 11000: 10994: 10985: 10979: 10970: 10964: 10955: 10948: 10940: 10935: 10927: 10922: 10914: 10909: 10901: 10896: 10887: 10881: 10872: 10866: 10857: 10851: 10843: 10817: 10809: 10804: 10795: 10786: 10777: 10757: 10726: 10717: 10711: 10702: 10695: 10687: 10683: 10674: 10663: 10654: 10648: 10639: 10632: 10620:. Retrieved 10613:the original 10608: 10604: 10591: 10568: 10562: 10545: 10522: 10515: 10506: 10501: 10493: 10488: 10479: 10472: 10463: 10454: 10448: 10440: 10435: 10426: 10420: 10416: 10411: 10391: 10383: 10374: 10366: 10361: 10353: 10348: 10339: 10333: 10324: 10305: 10301: 10295: 10276: 10270: 10235: 10231: 10220: 10211: 10202: 10192: 10183: 10177: 10168: 10159: 10141: 10134: 10126: 10121: 10109:. Retrieved 10105:the original 10100: 10091: 10083: 10077: 10069: 10061: 10053: 10045: 10037: 10025: 10017: 10009: 10001: 9996: 9988: 9984: 9976: 9971: 9959:. Retrieved 9955:the original 9919: 9891: 9884: 9875: 9845: 9841: 9837: 9833: 9829: 9824: 9812:. Retrieved 9789: 9783: 9774: 9768: 9759: 9754: 9745: 9739: 9724: 9715: 9706: 9697: 9691: 9682: 9672: 9663: 9656: 9636: 9629: 9621: 9610: 9585: 9581: 9575: 9566: 9560: 9551: 9545: 9536: 9531: 9522: 9515: 9506: 9499: 9480: 9479:Pei, Mario. 9474: 9455: 9451: 9438: 9429: 9424: 9415: 9409: 9400: 9393: 9380: 9371: 9365: 9357: 9353: 9348: 9339: 9332: 9323: 9317: 9304: 9290: 9252:. Retrieved 9245:the original 9231: 9219:. Retrieved 9212:the original 9182: 9152: 9146: 9137: 9128: 9096:. Retrieved 9092:the original 9082: 9073: 9054: 9047: 9038: 9031: 9020: 9007: 8998: 8991: 8986:, "Parlari". 8978: 8974: 8942: 8932: 8923: 8918: 8909: 8900: 8894: 8886: 8882: 8873: 8864: 8858: 8849: 8843: 8831:. Retrieved 8824:the original 8799: 8793: 8776: 8767: 8761: 8752: 8746: 8737: 8731: 8702:. Retrieved 8698:the original 8674: 8651: 8645: 8632: 8613:. p. 3. 8609:. New York: 8606: 8600: 8582: 8578: 8574: 8569: 8561: 8555: 8546: 8532: 8525: 8516: 8501: 8492: 8480: 8457: 8449: 8445: 8439: 8434: 8426: 8422: 8416: 8406: 8399: 8395: 8390: 8382: 8365: 8352: 8343: 8329: 8319: 8303: 8296: 8286: 8278: 8257: 8237:. Retrieved 8220: 8204: 8196: 8112:Italy portal 8089: 8071: 8068: 8064: 8060: 8056: 8051: 8048: 8043: 8037: 8027: 8018: 8015: 8011: 8007: 8003: 7996: 7992: 7956: 7933: 7910: 7887: 7864: 7841: 7808:Sant'Antioco 7774: 7770: 7754: 7707: 7702: 7698: 7678: 7674: 7670: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7637:, "water"). 7634: 7630: 7626: 7622: 7618: 7614: 7613:, "dog" and 7610: 7606: 7594: 7590: 7582: 7580: 7575: 7571: 7568:Cabu de Susu 7567: 7560: 7549: 7544: 7536: 7518: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7179:lingua/linga 7178: 7174:limba/lìngua 7173: 7168: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7048: 7043: 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3396:World War II 3379: 3375: 3354:Italian Army 3347: 3290: 3278: 3247:nation state 3234:Marcia Reale 3232: 3228: 3224: 3218: 3212: 3202: 3192: 3188: 3186: 3154: 3146: 3121: 3108: 3091: 3072: 3034: 3029: 3026:Castel sardo 2987: 2982:printzipales 2973: 2955: 2930: 2901: 2891: 2879: 2864: 2834: 2775: 2766: 2761: 2757: 2672: 2645: 2641:lyric poetry 2596: 2553: 2533: 2524: 2517: 2486: 2476: 2474: 2450: 2386: 2381: 2378: 2351: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2301: 2298: 2289:Helis, Helis 2271: 2257: 2231: 2225: 2189: 2171: 2138:Rūm Afāriqah 2108: 2073: 2044: 2039: 2011:in Italian) 2005:in Catalan, 1980: 1956: 1952: 1940: 1907: 1902: 1884: 1862: 1844: 1818: 1790: 1780: 1777: 1761: 1741:in place of 1720: 1719:in Italian, 1716: 1712: 1709:Roman Empire 1706: 1693: 1680: 1670: 1664: 1652: 1650: 1645: 1641: 1626:Romanisation 1618:negotiatores 1617: 1606: 1604:"new city". 1602:maqom hadash 1601: 1589: 1581: 1569: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1525: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1497: 1489: 1485: 1477: 1473: 1466: 1462:Carthaginian 1443: 1430: 1399: 1371:Genetic data 1366: 1362: 1358: 1357:"pig" (with 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1293: 1279: 1273: 1267: 1261: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1223: 1217: 1211: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1183: 1175: 1165: 1130: 1124: 1101: 1085: 1079: 1032:Romanization 1012: 993: 961: 937: 910: 902: 898: 895:vulgar Latin 873: 853: 838: 820:Vulgar Latin 805: 790:conservative 787: 758: 740: 725: 719: 716: 708: 694: 662:superstratum 624: 591:lìngua sarda 578: 543: 539: 538: 488: 479: 475: 455:Linguasphere 438: 330:(1997, 2018) 248:Vulgar Latin 216: 85: 72: 40: 23436:Campidanese 23262:Old Catalan 23255:Old Occitan 22992:Old Spanish 22926:Rioplatense 22730:Old Leonese 22558:Cotentinais 22522:Guernésiais 22445:Frenchville 22438:New England 22317:Bourbonnais 22269:Piedmontese 22263:Old Lombard 22155:Bergamasque 22079:Sammarinese 21513:Campidanese 21400:Nationalism 21335:Nuragic era 21192:Wenzhounese 21017:Montenegrin 20964:Gail Valley 20765:Piedmontese 20669:Bergamasque 20315:Campidanese 20156:Beneventano 20123:Marchigiano 20055:Wenzhounese 19270:La Sardegna 19259:La Sardegna 19073:14 November 19030:17 December 18998:14 November 18938:14 November 18548:14 November 18457:28 November 17756:, Unica.it" 17634:28 November 17608:28 November 17583:28 November 17557:28 November 17493:28 November 17472:28 November 17308:28 November 17283:28 November 17258:28 November 17233:28 November 17207:28 November 17163:28 November 17067:14 November 17040:14 November 17014:14 November 16898:28 November 16873:28 November 16852:28 November 16746:SourceForge 16582:28 November 16556:28 November 16530:28 November 16429:28 November 16407:28 November 16382:28 November 16361:28 November 16336:28 November 16307:28 November 16281:28 November 16255:28 November 16234:28 November 16209:28 November 16198:redazione. 16183:28 November 16071:28 November 15987:Brenzinger 15973:28 November 15947:28 November 15771:28 November 15745:28 November 15675:28 November 14715:28 November 14644:La Sardegna 14150:17 February 13881:La Sardegna 13382:La Sardegna 13364:La Sardegna 13321:, Cagliari 13017:La Sardegna 12592:La Sardegna 12451:La Sardegna 12310:VilaWeb.cat 11498:28 November 11202:28 November 10754:africani." 10417:pestilentia 10079:Etymologiae 10000:M. Pittau, 9814:28 November 9015:, pp. 70–71 8444:) Masala's 8239:28 November 8154:Campidanese 7999:Middle Ages 7725:arbitrarily 7699:is fruminis 7541:Campidanese 7489:brânză, caș 7289:ponte/ponti 7119:cabra/craba 7064:cantare/-ai 7014:notte/notti 6657:("to be"): 6606:The use of 6585:The use of 6392:Imperative 5166:Indicative 4989:Infinitive 4935:su barberi 4899:sos tempos 4727:The plural 4559:Approximant 4229:code-mixing 4194:monolingual 4144:South Tyrol 4123:Renato Soru 3983:, Israel), 3967:Google Maps 3962:Mario Monti 3895:stigmatized 3819:Treulababbu 3690:South Tyrol 3652:Campidanese 3598:instead of 3595:formaggelle 3584:instead of 3572:instead of 3551:South Tyrol 3380:Rote Teufel 3350:World War I 3126:orthography 2453:Black Death 2429:is still a 2307:more Italie 2221: 1334 2142:, like the 1991:Marianus IV 1918:half-uncial 1759:"to say"). 1695:resembling 1560:'ale') and 1494:fringed rue 1458:city-states 1349:and Basque 1149:Tyrrhenians 1098:Sea Peoples 1084:. The root 984:subheadings 670:Middle Ages 597:Campidanese 562:limba sarda 503:instead of 237:Early forms 63:subheadings 23507:Categories 23483:indicates 23441:Logudorese 22974:Philippine 22940:Andalusian 22934:Peninsular 22824:Estremenho 22780:Portuguese 22707:Cantabrian 22540:Law French 22532:Sercquiais 22366:Meridional 22327:Champenois 22322:Burgundian 22133:Tabarchino 22123:Monégasque 22062:Parmigiano 21919:Neapolitan 21892:Manduriano 21859:Florentine 21726:Wallachian 21696:Bukovinian 21565:Categories 21552:Tabarchino 21508:Logudorese 21458:Sardinians 20710:Parmigiano 20502:Tabarchino 20492:Monégasque 20320:Logudorese 20239:Manduriano 20102:Florentine 19143:Slideshare 18729:. Sassari. 18516:mass media 18250:. Sassari. 17928:, cit. in 17603:Nationalia 17119:23 January 17093:23 January 16847:Nationalia 16690:19 January 15826:, cit. in 14408:per natura 13504:Logudorese 13174:24 January 12697:. Torino: 12162:24 January 11268:domus nova 10622:1 February 10421:ad metalla 10111:17 January 10048:, XII, 360 10020:, II, fr.4 9857:tilipirche 9854:"lizard", 9851:tilicherta 9444:Pei, Mario 9356:, cit. in 9138:WorldAtlas 8945:. Trieste. 8833:1 November 8637:De Gruyter 8579:morri a... 8441:Frantziscu 8183:References 8172:Tabarchino 8150:Logudorese 7997:After the 7987:See also: 7796:Carloforte 7695:Late Latin 7533:Logudorese 7501:See also: 7389:hospitālem 7324:pod, punte 6931:Portuguese 6883:Late Latin 6834:mescamente 6764:formulas: 6543:Fattu l'at 6087:Imperfect 5474:Imperfect 4932:masculine 4921:sa muzere 4913:sos panes 4907:masculine 4896:su tempus 4883:sos ortos 4877:masculine 4869:sas rosas 4839:Noun Table 4779:"fox". 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Calari. 11831:. Logus. 11725:. Logus. 11700:. Logus. 11436:9 January 10577:cite book 10571:. Moscow. 10531:cite book 10145:Routledge 10139:Trask, L. 10030:Pausanias 10018:Historiae 9872:"neck"). 9298:. UNESCO. 8951:cite book 8593:Citations 8557:Gaeltacht 8168:Algherese 8164:Gallurese 8160:Sassarese 7804:Calasetta 7784:Algherese 7737:Sassarese 7733:Gallurese 7719:and some 7714:Provençal 7675:is limbas 7497:Varieties 7385:hospital 7334:ecclēsiam 7165:language 6890:Sardinian 6862:condaghes 6783:eris sero 4918:feminine 4891:sos oros 4863:feminine 4852:Singular 4814:, plural 4777:margianes 4649:Close-mid 4425:voiceless 4419:Fricative 4321:voiceless 4297:Post-alv. 4292:Retroflex 4250:Phonology 4064:Stuttgart 4039:etc. The 4009:Notepad++ 3981:Jerusalem 3911:Siniscola 3907:road sign 3848:Slovenian 3823:Sonetaula 3765:and rap ( 3607:casadinas 3458:Montanaru 3413:war diary 3314:philology 3217:would be 2882:diglossia 2773:in 1553. 2727:quatrains 2722:batorinas 2637:Barcelona 2462:Gallurese 2460:and then 2458:Sassarese 2260:feoffment 2258:The 1297 2234:, called 2228:chronicle 2206:Marseille 2181:condaghes 2088:Sardinian 1996:judikessa 1947:Latinisms 1943:archaisms 1928:Bonarcado 1899:Byzantium 1887:Judicates 1782:condaghes 1756:nàrri(ri) 1697:Old Latin 1590:Magumadas 1582:Macumadas 1578:Magomadas 1546:tzichirìa 1544:'seed'), 1339:arrotzeri 1208:paragogic 1157:Herodotus 1112:Anatolian 1036:adstratal 988:talk page 976:splitting 974:Consider 923:Milky Way 901:(grape), 880:languoids 812:Mario Pei 810:linguist 769:Calabrian 690:diglossia 678:Judicates 655:Castilian 579:Sardinian 540:Sardinian 534:Siniscola 440:Glottolog 407:ISO 639-3 389:ISO 639-2 371:ISO 639-1 243:Old Latin 217:Sardinian 155:Ethnicity 91:Sardinian 75:June 2023 67:talk page 55:splitting 53:Consider 23518:Sardinia 23367:Venetian 23341:Vallader 23331:Surmiran 23304:Cadorino 23287:Friulian 23220:Limousin 23189:Béarnese 23151:Western 23133:Northern 23121:Menorcan 23111:Balearic 23102:Eastern 23098:dialects 22957:Castrapo 22914:Peruvian 22885:dialects 22818:European 22786:dialects 22773:Portugis 22754:Galician 22695:Asturian 22633:Savoyard 22585:Poitevin 22553:Cauchois 22527:Jèrriais 22374:Canadian 22253:Varesino 22248:Ticinese 22236:Novarese 22231:Cremunés 22221:Ossolano 22216:Milanese 22204:Lecchese 22172:Brianzöö 22103:Ligurian 22069:Romagnol 21950:Arianese 21945:Irpinian 21940:Cilentan 21904:Pantesco 21899:Sicilian 21870:Southern 21806:Corsican 21782:Macerata 21777:Fabriano 21716:Oltenian 21686:dialects 21646:Southern 21547:Ligurian 21473:Italians 21463:Catalans 21377:Politics 21362:Monarchs 21355:Viceroys 21296:Oristano 21286:Cagliari 21276:Communes 21262:Sardinia 21094:Cimbrian 21086:Bavarian 21012:Croatian 20919:Arbëresh 20902:Albanian 20843:Cadorino 20832:Friulian 20788:Venetian 20779:Venetian 20718:Romagnol 20646:Cremunés 20639:Novarese 20618:Varesino 20609:Ossolano 20602:Ticinese 20595:Milanese 20586:Lecchese 20469:Ligurian 20274:Corsican 20253:Pantesco 20247:Sicilian 20187:Arianese 20181:Irpinian 20171:Cilentan 20128:Marinese 20027:Germanic 20023:Friulian 20011:Croatian 20003:Albanian 19931:Archived 19915:Archived 19903:Archived 19870:Archived 19860:Apertium 19849:Archived 19796:Apertium 19785:Archived 19749:May 2023 19674:. 1951. 19664:. 1941. 19621:. 2000. 19317:. 1987. 19179:Sardinia 18977:Academia 18850:18 April 18761:18 April 18706:Archived 18685:1 August 17905:d'Italia 17113:Istòrias 16797:26 March 16771:26 March 16765:Istòrias 16090:Sardinia 15991:(2003). 15808:Archived 15630:Salto.bz 15615:, Art. 6 15431:, p. 50" 15037:, p. 109 14553:30 April 14090:Premessa 12945:Sardegna 12734: ; 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