Catalan language - Knowledge

16270:

compartixen les comunitats autònomes de Catalunya i de les Illes Balears i el Principat d'Andorra. Així mateix és la llengua històrica i pròpia d'altres territoris de l'antiga Corona d'Aragó (la franja oriental aragonesa, la ciutat sarda de l'Alguer i el departament francés dels Pirineus Orientals). Els diferents parlars de tots estos territoris constituïxen una llengua, és a dir, un mateix «sistema lingüístic», segons la terminologia del primer estructuralisme (annex 1) represa en el Dictamen del Consell Valencià de Cultura, que figura com a preàmbul de la Llei de Creació de l'AVL. Dins d'eixe conjunt de parlars, el valencià té la mateixa jerarquia i dignitat que qualsevol altra modalitat territorial del sistema lingüístic, i presenta unes característiques pròpies que l'AVL preservarà i potenciarà d'acord amb la tradició lexicogràfica i literària pròpia, la realitat lingüística valenciana i la normativització consolidada a partir de les Normes de Castelló.

976: 1632: 11371: 1542: 20238: 1339: 9352: 13176: 9372: 8424: 732: 9031: 5289: 2024: 1033: 10748: 7824: 1839:, while banning the use of Catalan in them. Between 1939 and 1943 newspapers and book printing in Catalan almost disappeared. Francisco Franco's desire for a homogeneous Spanish population resonated with some Catalans in favor of his regime, primarily members of the upper class, who began to reject the use of Catalan. Despite all of these hardships, Catalan continued to be used privately within households, and it was able to survive Franco's dictatorship. At the end of 6023: 1299: 12939: 6902: 763: 4869: 1640: 12897: 827: 20888: 12911: 21182: 22080: 12925: 810: 12883: 1918:, as a native or self-defining language: 7% of the population self-identifies with both Catalan and Spanish equally, 36.4% with Catalan and 47.5% only Spanish. In 2003 the same studies concluded no language preference for self-identification within the population above 15 years old: 5% self-identified with both languages, 44.3% with Catalan and 47.5% with Spanish. To promote use of Catalan, the 17701: 5323:

while 72.3% over the age of two could speak it (1,137,816), 79% could read it (1,246.555), and 53% could write it (835,080). The share of Barcelona residents who could speak it (72.3%) was lower than that of the overall Catalan population, of whom 81.2% over the age of 15 spoke the language. Knowledge of Catalan has increased significantly in recent decades thanks to a

1843:, however, some of the harsh measures began to be lifted and, while Spanish language remained the sole promoted one, limited number of Catalan literature began to be tolerated. Several prominent Catalan authors resisted the suppression through literature. Private initiative contests were created to reward works in Catalan, among them 1312: 15049: 1757:

was also asked. He declared that Catalan "is taught in schools, it is printed and spoken, not only among the lower class, but also among people of first quality, also in social gatherings, as in visits and congresses", indicating that it was spoken everywhere "with the exception of the royal courts".

1550:

The process of assimilation began with secret instructions to the corregidores of the Catalan territory: they "will take the utmost care to introduce the Castilian language, for which purpose he will give the most temperate and disguised measures so that the effect is achieved, without the care being

15042:"Sociolinguistic situation in Catalan-speaking areas. Tables. Official data about the sociolinguistic situation in Catalan-speaking areas: Catalonia (2003), Andorra (2004), the Balearic Islands (2004), Aragonese Border (2004), Northern Catalonia (2004), Alghero (2004) and Valencian Community (2004)" 9756:

is systematic and largely phonologically based. Standardization of Catalan was among the topics discussed during the First International Congress of the Catalan Language, held in Barcelona October 1906. Subsequently, the Philological Section of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans (IEC, founded in 1911)

5266:

The number of people known to be fluent in Catalan varies depending on the sources used. A 2004 study did not count the total number of speakers, but estimated a total of 9–9.5 million by matching the percentage of speakers to the population of each area where Catalan is spoken. The web site of the

1902:

linguistic community. The teaching of Catalan is mandatory in all schools, but it is possible to use Spanish for studying in the public education system of Catalonia in two situations – if the teacher assigned to a class chooses to use Spanish, or during the learning process of one or more recently

1545:

School map of Spain from 1850 regarding the administrative structure. On it, the State is shown divided into four parts:- "Fully constitutional Spain", which includes Castile and Andalusia, but also the Galician-speaking territories. - "Annexed or assimilated Spain": the territories of the Crown of

1454:

world. During this period, the Royal Chancery propagated a highly standardized language. Catalan was widely used as an official language in Sicily until the 15th century, and in Sardinia until the 17th. During this period, the language was what Costa Carreras terms "one of the 'great languages' of

830: 9114:

Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicates

5322:

was the most spoken language in Barcelona (according to the linguistic census held by the Government of Catalonia in 2013) and it is understood almost universally. According to 2013 census, Catalan was also very commonly spoken in the city of 1,501,262: it was understood by 95% of the population,

14535: 1952:

area of France, Catalan has followed the same trend as the other minority languages of France, with most of its native speakers being 60 or older (as of 2004). Catalan is studied as a foreign language by 30% of the primary education students, and by 15% of the secondary. The cultural association

8696:

Standard Catalan, virtually accepted by all speakers, is mostly based on Eastern Catalan, which is the most widely used dialect. Nevertheless, the standards of the Valencian Community and the Balearics admit alternative forms, mostly traditional ones, which are not current in eastern Catalonia.

1271:

is frequently used instead. Thus, the name "Valencian", although often employed for referring to the varieties specific to the Valencian Community and Carche, is also used by Valencians as a name for the language as a whole, synonymous with "Catalan". Both uses of the term have their respective

829: 834: 833: 828: 813: 5327:

educational system. An important social characteristic of the Catalan language is that all the areas where it is spoken are bilingual in practice: together with French in Roussillon, with Italian in Alghero, with Spanish and French in Andorra, and with Spanish in the rest of the territories.

16269:

D'acord amb les aportacions més solvents de la romanística acumulades des del segle XIX fins a l'actualitat (estudis de gramàtica històrica, de dialectologia, de sintaxi, de lexicografia…), la llengua pròpia i històrica dels valencians, des del punt de vista de la filologia, és també la que

812: 817: 816: 811: 1906:

More recently, several Spanish political forces have tried to increase the use of Spanish in the Catalan educational system. As a result, in May 2022 the Spanish Supreme Court urged the Catalan regional government to enforce a measure by which 25% of all lessons must be taught in Spanish.

835: 5296:

According to a 2011 study the total number of Catalan speakers was over 9.8 million, with 5.9 million residing in Catalonia. More than half of them spoke Catalan as a second language, with native speakers being about 4.4 million of those (more than 2.8 in Catalonia). Very few Catalan

818: 15041: 837: 836: 12585:. Both sentences mean "the train has arrived", but the former puts a focus on the train, while the latter puts a focus on the arrival. This subtle distinction is described as "what you might say while waiting in the station" versus "what you might say on the train." 1551:

noticed." From there, actions in the service of assimilation, discreet or aggressive, were continued, and reached to the last detail, such as, in 1799, the Royal Certificate forbidding anyone to "represent, sing and dance pieces that were not in Spanish." The use of

832: 1538:; as in other contemporary European states, this meant the imposition of the political and cultural characteristics of the dominant groups. Since the political unification of 1714, Spanish assimilation policies towards national minorities have been a constant. 9187:

and the liturgical language of the Church. Throughout the Middle Ages and into the early modern period, most literate Catalan speakers were also literate in Latin; and thus they easily adopted Latin words into their writing—and eventually speech—in Catalan.

815: 14543: 14449: 4976:(Catalan Countries), a denomination based on cultural affinity and common heritage, that has also had a subsequent political interpretation but no official status. Various interpretations of the term may include some or all of these regions. 9159:

Literary Catalan allows the use of words from different dialects, except those of very restricted use. However, from the 19th century onwards, there has been a tendency towards favoring words of Northern dialects to the detriment of others,

4424:. This view, based on political and ideological considerations, has no linguistic validity. Spanish and Catalan have important differences in their sound systems, lexicon, and grammatical features, placing the language in features closer to 12514:

is omnipresent, whereas morphological alternations play a secondary role. Vowel alternances are active, as well as infixation and suppletion. However, these are not as productive as in Spanish, and are mostly restricted to irregular verbs.

16289: 15159: 9090:

The different varieties of these territories constitute a language, that is, a "linguistic system" From this group of varieties, Valencian has the same hierarchy and dignity as any other dialectal modality of that linguistic system

9151:

Despite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually

8293:

13499:"Acord de l'Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua (AVL), adoptat en la reunió plenària del 9 de febrer del 2005, pel qual s'aprova el dictamen sobre els principis i criteris per a la defensa de la denominació i l'entitat del valencià" 1555:

gradually became more prestigious and marked the start of the decline of Catalan. Starting in the 16th century, Catalan literature came under the influence of Spanish, and the nobles, part of the urban and literary classes became

9115:

that younger generations educated in Valencian are much less likely to hold these views. A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (

16640: 12603:, every person officially has two surnames, one of which is the father's first surname and the other is the mother's first surname. The law contemplates the possibility of joining both surnames with the Catalan conjunction 1923: 1546:

Aragon, the larger part of which, with the exception of Aragon proper, are Catalan-speaking-, "Foral Spain", which includes Basque-speaking territories-, and "Colonial Spain", with the last overseas colonial territories.

17654: 17189: 5316:. According to a 2019 survey by the Catalan government, 31.5% of the inhabitants of Catalonia predominantly spoke Catalan at home whereas 52.7% spoke Spanish, 2.8% both Catalan and Spanish and 10.8% other languages. 6009:

pronunciation is considered to be standard for the language. The descriptions below are mostly representative of this variety. For the differences in pronunciation between the different dialects, see the section on

1859:(1969). The first Catalan-language TV show was broadcast in 1964. At the same time, oppression of the Catalan language and identity was carried out in schools, through governmental bodies, and in religious centers. 13807: 1820:(the autonomous government of Catalonia, established during the Republic in 1931) made a normal use of Catalan in its administration and put efforts to promote it at social level, including in schools and the 12545:, the last two being split into two subtypes. However, this division is mostly theoretical. Only the first conjugation is nowadays productive (with about 3500 common verbs), whereas the third (the subtype of 17076: 14981:, which stands for "reddish, yellow-orange, medium-dark and of moderate to weak saturation. It also can mean ochre, pale ochre, dark ohre, brownish, tan, greyish, grey, desaturated, dirty, dark, or opaque." 11839:

The morphology of Catalan personal pronouns is complex, especially in unstressed forms, which are numerous (13 distinct forms, compared to 11 in Spanish or 9 in Italian). Features include the gender-neutral

15110: 15299: 5271:

estimated that as of 2004 there were 9,118,882 speakers of Catalan. These figures only reflect potential speakers; today it is the native language of only 35.6% of the Catalan population. According to

16604:

article 19.1 of Law 1/1998 stipulates that "the citizens of Catalonia have the right to use the proper regulation of their Catalan names and surnames and to introduce the conjunction between surnames"

11639:

The inflection of determinatives is complex, specially because of the high number of elisions, but is similar to the neighboring languages. Catalan has more contractions of preposition + article than

14453: 831: 13080:

of the Valencian Academy of the Language states that Valencian is a "Romance language spoken in the Valencian Community, as well as in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, the French department of the

814: 16281: 15071: 2015:, and other South American countries. They formed a large number of Catalan colonies that today continue to maintain the Catalan language. They also founded many Catalan casals (associations). 14419: 6844:

and other affine studies and has as an objective to analyze the relation between the Catalan language, the speakers and the close reality (including the one of other languages in contact).

17723: 2130:) is similar to the distance among different Occitan dialects. Catalan was considered a dialect of Occitan until the end of the 19th century and still today remains its closest relative. 1866:

from other parts of Spain also contributed to the diminished use of the language. These migrants were often unaware of the existence of Catalan, and thus felt no need to learn or use it.

1758:

He also indicated that Catalan was spoken "in the Kingdom of Valencia, in the islands of Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza, Sardinia, Corsica and much of Sicily, in the Vall d "Aran and Cerdaña".

8995: 1890:(1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalized as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. In 14165: 19945: 11853:, like all other Romance languages (and most European languages, but not Modern English). This feature implies the use of a different set of second person pronouns for formality. 15316: 1922:(Catalonia's official Autonomous government) spends part of its annual budget on the promotion of the use of Catalan in Catalonia and in other territories, with entities such as 12573:. However, word order is very flexible. Commonly, verb-subject constructions are used to achieve a semantic effect. The sentence "The train has arrived" could be translated as 9101:

The AVL, created by the Valencian parliament, is in charge of dictating the official rules governing the use of Valencian, and its standard is based on the Norms of Castelló (

5117:

Excepting some regions in the west and south which have been Aragonese/Spanish-speaking since at least the 18th century. The Western Catalan variety spoken there is known as "

14513: 14195: 14396: 13818: 12551:, with about 700 common verbs) is semiproductive. The verbs of the second conjugation are fewer than 100, and it is not possible to create new ones, except by compounding. 9057:

Linguists, including Valencian scholars, deal with Catalan and Valencian as the same language. The official regulating body of the language of the Valencian Community, the

13029: 12518:

The Catalan verbal system is basically common to all Western Romance, except that most dialects have replaced the synthetic indicative perfect with a periphrastic form of

1870:

was the economic powerhouse of Spain, so these migrations continued to occur from all corners of the country. Employment opportunities were reduced for those who were not

13868: 17351:

Recasens, Daniel; Espinosa, Aina (2005). "Articulatory, positional and coarticulatory characteristics for clear /l/ and dark /l/: evidence from two Catalan dialects".

8790:) or the use of many verbal forms common in Valencian, and some of these common in the rest of Western Catalan too, like subjunctive mood or inchoative conjugation in 7057:. In terms of pronunciation, Catalan has many words ending in a wide variety of consonants and some consonant clusters, in contrast with many other Romance languages. 6863: 1317: 16634: 7010:

Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language and has the largest number of speakers. It is spoken in the densely populated regions of the

15466: 15107: 15297: 9175:'s work. In the 14th and 15th centuries Catalan had a far greater number of Greco-Latin loanwords than other Romance languages, as is attested for example in 20271: 19938: 1502:

in 1479, the Spanish kings ruled over different kingdoms, each with its own cultural, linguistic and political particularities, and they had to swear by the

16233: 13130:

Although in business and daily life other languages are common, and due to immigration Catalan mother-tongue speakers are only 35.7% of the population. See

11328:, which may create morphological alternations similar to the ones found in gender inflection, albeit more rarely. The most important one is the addition of 4861:

Traditionally Catalan-speaking territories in dark gray; non-Catalan-speaking territories belonging to traditionally Catalan-speaking regions in light gray

20380: 17092:

Lloret, Maria-Rosa (2004). "The Phonological Role of Paradigms: The Case of Insular Catalan". In Auger, Julie; Clements, J. Clancy; Vance, Barbara (eds.).

14483: 9176: 15551: 15084: 13332: 13086:, the Principality of Andorra, the eastern flank of Aragon and the Sardinian town of Alghero (unique in Italy), where it receives the name of 'Catalan'." 6812:

may also occur. Some analyze intervocalic as the result of gemination of a single rhotic phoneme. This is similar to the common analysis of Spanish and

13099:

of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans states in the sixth definition of "Valencian" that, in the Valencian Community, it is equivalent to Catalan language.

22843: 17386: 17292:

Recasens, Daniel; Fontdevila, Jordi; Pallarès, Maria Dolors (1995). "Velarization Degree and Coarticulatory Resistance for /l/ in Catalan and German".

17267: 13290: 13200: 17796: 16220:

Law No. 482 of 15 December 1999. "Rules on the protection of historical linguistic minorities". Article 2. Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 297. 20 December 1999

13735:"Enllaç al Manifest Galeusca on en l'article 3 es denuncia l'asimetria entre el castellà i les altres llengües de l'Estat Espanyol, inclosa el català" 5312:, only a minority of French Catalans speak Catalan nowadays, with French being the majority language for the inhabitants after a continued process of 16342: 14427: 14063: 9171:

Like other languages, Catalan has a large list of loanwords from Greek and Latin. This process started very early, and one can find such examples in

19931: 16058: 15203: 13498: 1712: 16655:

Bonet, Eulàlia; Mascaró, Joan (1997). "On the Representation of Contrasting Rhotics". In Martínez-Gil, Fernando; Morales-Front, Alfonso (eds.).

15969:

Bonet, Eulàlia; Mascaró, Joan (1997). "On the Representation of Contrasting Rhotics". In Martínez-Gil, Fernando; Morales-Front, Alfonso (eds.).

2027:

Chart of Romance languages based on structural and comparative criteria, not on socio-functional ones. FP: Franco-Provençal, IR: Istro-Romanian.

22881: 19905: 17049: 15416: 15256: 15226: 14626: 15127: 14233: 22444: 20876: 2165:, grammar, and especially vocabulary; it shows instead its closest affinity with languages native to France and northern Italy, particularly 1874:. Daily newspapers remained exclusively in Spanish until after Franco's death, when the first one in Catalan since the end of the Civil War, 1835:(1939–1975), which abolished the official status of Catalan and imposed the use of Spanish in schools and in public administration in all of 17921:

automated, online translations of text and web pages (Catalan ↔ English, French and Spanish), from gencat.cat by the Government of Catalonia

17394:

Recasens, Daniel; Espinosa, Aina (2007). "An Electropalatographic and Acoustic Study of Affricates and Fricatives in Two Catalan Dialects".

16065:

Resolution of the Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua concerning the principles and criteria for protecting the name and identity of Valencian

14157: 6929:. Mutual intelligibility between dialects is very high, estimates ranging from 90% to 95%. The only exception is the isolated idiosyncratic 21225: 21170: 20528: 17848: 14506:"Idescat. Demographics and quality of life. Language uses. First language, language of identification and habitual language. 2003. Results" 16060:

Dictamen de l'Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua sobre els principis i criteris per a la defensa de la denominació i l'entitat del valencià

6909:

The dialects of the Catalan language feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both in terms of

18016: 1392:

begin to show Catalan elements, with texts written almost completely in Romance appearing by 1080. Old Catalan shared many features with

770: 20854: 14344: 14102: 13958: 6840:

studies the situation of Catalan in the world and the different varieties that this language presents. It is a subdiscipline of Catalan

6753:. Between vowels, the two contrast, but they are otherwise in complementary distribution: in the onset of the first syllable in a word, 20189: 15323: 1434:, Catalan went through a golden age, reaching a peak of maturity and cultural richness. Examples include the work of Majorcan polymath 14651: 1373:

to the south. From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the

21641: 21148: 16311: 13843: 6784: 6764: 6563: 2192:, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese and Spanish; 76% with 1856: 16971: 13936: 5305:

speakers of Catalan and Spanish, with 99.7% of Catalan speakers in Catalonia able to speak Spanish and 99.9% able to understand it.

16229:

Decreto 89/2011, de 5 de abril, del Gobierno de Aragón, por el que se aprueban los Estatutos de la Academia Aragonesa del Catalán.

14505: 14187: 4823:

Situated between two large linguistic blocks (Iberian Romance and Gallo-Romance), Catalan has many unique lexical choices, such as

16252: 15429: 14388: 13234: 1715:

officially recognized Catalan as one of the départment's languages and seeks to further promote it in public life and education.

13204: 6761:

appears unless preceded by a consonant. Dialects vary in regards to rhotics in the coda with Western Catalan generally featuring

2114:). Thus, as it should be expected from closely related languages, Catalan today shares many traits with other Romance languages. 1728: 17829:– online portal of 19th-century dialectal lexicographical and grammatical works of Catalan hosted by the University of Barcelona 17063:

Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity : The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts (Volume 2)

13438: 9208:

is common. Many times, several affixes are appended to a preexisting lexeme, and some sound alternations can occur, for example

22807: 17821: 13734: 1812:

was repopulated with Valencian speakers. Catalan spelling was standardized in 1913 and the language became official during the

17315:

Fonètica descriptiva del català: assaig de caracterització de la pronúncia del vocalisme i el consonantisme català al segle XX

16693:

Bruguera, Jordi (2008). "Historia interna del catalán: léxico, formación de palabras y fraseología". In Ernst, Gerhard (ed.).

13861: 21887: 18467: 17805: 17679: 17613: 17583: 17526: 17478: 17341: 17162: 17070: 17015: 16907: 16857: 16813: 16683: 16664: 15978: 15865: 14992: 14828: 14684: 14338: 14133: 13896: 13668: 6936:

Catalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern and Western. The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed

1816:(1931–1939). The Second Spanish Republic saw a brief period of tolerance, with most restrictions against Catalan lifted. The 21374: 18399: 17619: 17442: 17222: 17137: 16924: 16863: 16830: 13902: 4498:

Like all Romance languages, Catalan has a handful of native words which are unique to it, or rare elsewhere. These include:

1603:

prohibited official use of, and enacted discriminating policies against, the regional languages of France, such as Catalan,

16556: 15161:"Can you understand me, doctor?" Dealing with linguistic rights in public health systems in Catalan-speaking areas of Spain 2107: 1749:, almost only Catalan was spoken, and since Napoleon wanted to incorporate Catalonia into France, as happened in 1812, the 20452: 18202: 18197: 16072: 15458: 15390: 15257:"Coneixement del català: Evolució de les característiques de la població de Barcelona (Knowledge of Catalan in Barcelona)" 15227:"Coneixement del català: Evolució de les característiques de la població de Barcelona (Knowledge of Catalan in Barcelona)" 12964: 11291:

There is a tendency to abandon traditionally gender-invariable adjectives in favor of marked ones, something prevalent in

9058: 8992:(the so-called Catalan-speaking areas of Aragon) as originally provided for by Law 10/2009. The new entity, designated as 8418: 7004: 1273: 636: 401: 22502: 22410:

Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist.

20555: 18141: 18029: 17636: 17173: 14596: 8851:

in all fields. Another feature of the Balearic standard is the non-ending in the 1st person singular present indicative:

6538: 6520: 6452: 6388: 792: 21426: 18302: 18192: 15527: 15368: 8978: 18417: 17094:

Contemporary Approaches to Romance Linguistics: Selected Papers from the 33rd Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages

16888: 16433: 15496: 13997: 13468: 8830: 7865:

in verbs of the 1st conjugation and -∅ in verbs of the 2nd and 3rd conjugations in most of the Valencian Community, or

6726:. Some sources describe them as "postalveolar". Others as "back alveolo-palatal", implying that the characters ⟨ 6545: 1911: 21196: 14476:"Idescat. Annual indicators. Language uses. First language, language of identification and habitual language. Results" 13642: 22437: 20869: 19256: 17749: 17648: 17556: 17322: 17216: 17183: 17131: 17110: 16952: 16792: 16773: 16755: 16284:[Almost 65% of Valencians believe that their language is different from Catalan, according to a CIS survey]. 16182: 14716: 13718: 13693: 13623: 6999:) refer to two varieties of the same language. There are two institutions regulating the two standard varieties, the 1222: 1176: 589: 17058: 14960:, but aside from also being a loanword, it has a very different meaning: "thing", "gadget", "tool", "paraphernalia". 1773:

in legal documentation all over Spain. Because of this, use of the Catalan language declined into the 18th century.

21163: 20521: 19316: 14305: 7174: 6486: 6415: 17895: 9107:). Currently, everyone who writes in Valencian uses this standard, except the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture ( 1711:

The French government only recognizes French as an official language. Nevertheless, on 10 December 2007, the then

22886: 22838: 22709: 22522: 21740: 21316: 20261: 18604: 18209: 18009: 16230: 6826: 6707:. In coda position, these sounds are realized as stops, except in some Valencian dialects where they are lenited. 6438: 1887: 1356: 874: 782: 14475: 1862:

In addition to the loss of prestige for Catalan and its prohibition in schools, migration during the 1950s into

1438:(1232–1315), the Four Great Chronicles (13th–14th centuries), and the Valencian school of poetry culminating in 975: 22797: 22547: 20182: 19404: 19305: 16996: 16748:

Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet

14096: 13791: 12958: 9017: 8414: 7000: 4932: 4921: 1277: 632: 391: 34: 19275: 15559: 13322: 22719: 20460: 19212: 18890: 13299: 9700: 4495:"bullock"), while Catalan has a shared history with the Western Romance innovative core, especially Occitan. 1631: 1511: 722: 657: 17239: 13327: 6960:

in Western dialects. There are a few other differences in pronunciation, verbal morphology, and vocabulary.

22812: 22764: 22634: 22629: 22430: 20862: 20843: 13762:"Spain in the 19th century: Spanish Nation Building and Catalonia's attempt at becoming an Iberian Prussia" 6471: 6445: 6381: 1040:

dictated his autobiographical chronicles entirely in Catalan. Some of this territory nowadays makes up the

675: 19339: 18742: 16334: 14055: 10538: 10490: 10442: 10394: 10244: 10175: 10056: 10045: 10022: 9995: 9969: 9947: 9943: 9920: 9897: 9854: 9827: 9805: 8912: 8725: 8721: 8268: 8243: 7587: 7582: 7567: 7562: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7522: 7517: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7387: 7383: 7379: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7320: 7316: 7312: 7301: 7297: 7293: 7282: 7278: 7274: 7263: 7255: 7239: 6957: 6953: 6949: 6809: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6746: 6742: 6735: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6704: 6700: 6692: 6680: 6668: 6656: 6645: 6634: 6618: 6612: 6600: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6062: 6054: 6038: 5972: 5926: 5922: 2174: 1377:, bringing their language with them. This process was given definitive impetus with the separation of the 21156: 20884: 20514: 19780: 19218: 18187: 18116: 15385: 12570: 627: 22769: 22594: 21943: 21532: 19954: 19501: 19073: 18508: 18066: 18002: 17432: 16282:"Casi el 65% de los valencianos opina que su lengua es distinta al catalán, según una encuesta del CIS" 7835: 7033:, and can be combined in very complex ways. Verbs are split in several paradigms and are inflected for 7011: 6513: 6302: 2086: 2064: 307: 21178: 16076: 15187: 14219:"Culture, language and politics. The Catalan cultural resistance during the Franco regime (1939–1977)" 13505: 2100:

Catalan bears varying degrees of similarity to the linguistic varieties subsumed under the cover term

1702:, as their speech was called. After the Algerian declaration of independence in 1962, almost all the 62: 22876: 22774: 22736: 21756: 21265: 21139: 20938: 20308: 20175: 19088: 19000: 18609: 18450: 18165: 18094: 18076: 18059: 18054: 18044: 16808:. Instutut d'Estudis Catalans & Universitat Pompeu Fabra & Jonh Benjamins B.V. pp. 6–7. 13118: 12975: 11834: 11187: 7243: 6782: 6770: 6762: 6754: 6731: 6684: 6672: 6662: 6660: 6641: 6615:

is velarized irrespective of position in Eastern dialects like Majorcan and standard Eastern Catalan.

6479: 6408: 6316: 6042: 5988: 2150: 2094: 2049: 1785: 1762: 1656: 866: 294: 274: 30: 17857: 15414: 15264: 15234: 15172: 14619: 14218: 13175: 7366:

in Central and Western Catalan as well. As a result, Central Catalan has a much higher incidence of

7025:(singular, plural). Pronouns additionally can have a neuter gender, and some are also inflected for 22694: 22022: 22013: 21418: 19793: 19697: 18570: 18518: 18297: 18245: 17731: 17727: 17711: 16964:"El català, llengua de govern: la política lingüística de la Mancomunitat de Catalunya (1914–1924)" 16636:

Dictamen sobre els principis i criteris per a la defensa de la denominació i l'entitat del valencià

15141: 15117:, Encuesta de Usos Lingüísticos de la población (2003 y 2008), Instituto de Estadística de Cataluña 15080: 15045: 14566: 9197: 8970: 6922: 6309: 5268: 5055: 1919: 923: 716: 17845: 16709: 9000:, shall allow a facultative education in Catalan and a standardization of the Catalan language in 6750: 6626: 1467:(1490) shows a transition from Medieval to Renaissance values, something that can also be seen in 1330: 1303: 844:, former president of Catalonia, discussing individual identity, collective identity and language. 22664: 22624: 22604: 22584: 22487: 22182: 22167: 21953: 21861: 21718: 21595: 21398: 21076: 21066: 20827: 20691: 19161: 18752: 18706: 18587: 18560: 18499: 18436: 18382: 18089: 18049: 16248:

Ley 10/2009, de 22 de diciembre, de uso, protección y promoción de las lenguas propias de Aragón

12997: 9083: 6674: 6338: 6322: 2182: 2111: 2090: 2059: 2054: 2044: 1938: 1831:(1936–1939), but were crushed at an unprecedented level throughout the subsequent decades due to 1821: 1813: 1393: 970: 497: 302: 289: 264: 20474: 18757: 15350: 11846:

and the great degree of freedom when combining different unstressed pronouns (65 combinations).

9770: 4443:

was different from the rest of Roman Hispania. Differentiation arose generally because Spanish,

22802: 22599: 22308: 22225: 22140: 21948: 21658: 19879: 19095: 18513: 18459: 18111: 17931: 16989:

Els fundadors del Regne de València: replobament, antroponímia i llengua a la València medieval

13024: 6686: 6352: 6084:

remains distinct. The other dialects have different vowel reduction processes (see the section

1569: 1370: 356: 17575: 17059:"26. The Independent Standardization of Valencia: From Official Use to Underground Resistance" 9179:'s writings. The incorporation of learned, or "bookish" words from its own ancestor language, 9086:. Additionally, it is the patrimonial historical language of other territories of the ancient 5152: 22822: 22754: 22724: 22679: 22674: 22649: 22507: 22371: 22220: 21724: 21567: 21364: 20822: 20817: 20686: 20661: 20085: 19990: 19911: 19856: 19662: 19657: 19310: 19288: 19179: 19107: 18930: 18592: 18355: 17380: 16883:(in Catalan) (1977, corrected ed.). Barcelona: Enciclopèdia Catalana. pp. 628–639. 14674: 14328: 14086: 13966: 12565:

The grammar of Catalan follows the general pattern of Western Romance languages. The primary

9123: 9122:

This clash of opinions has sparked much controversy. For example, during the drafting of the

7188: 7184: 7165: 6772: 6756: 6583: 6496: 6345: 6267: 6260: 2145:

as well as Spanish and Portuguese among others). However, despite being spoken mostly on the

1673:

was established in 1830, many Catalan-speaking settlers moved there. People from the Spanish

1600: 1328:–1095), one of the earliest texts written almost completely in Catalan, predating the famous 22792: 21690: 20358: 19575: 18543: 17567: 13298: 13051: 12510:

Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal.

11370: 9775: 9103: 8988:

government passed a decree approving the statutes of a new language regulator of Catalan in

8845:('we sing'), but the university says that the priority form in the Balearic Islands must be 8829:

In the Balearic Islands, IEC's standard is used but adapted for the Balearic dialect by the

6881:

Presence of Catalan in several fields: tagging, public function, media, professional sectors

1961:

promotes a network of community-run schools engaged in Catalan language immersion programs.

448: 22714: 22704: 22654: 22614: 22572: 22567: 22562: 22552: 22537: 22532: 22527: 22512: 22497: 22492: 22482: 22477: 22472: 22467: 22215: 22192: 21963: 21823: 21777: 21518: 21008: 20980: 20468: 20353: 20116: 20018: 20013: 19861: 19635: 19251: 19224: 19150: 19010: 18809: 18737: 18689: 18683: 18646: 18629: 14643: 13836: 13131: 11090:("scarce"). Many not completely predictable morphological alternations may occur, such as: 9762: 9043: 7085: 6964: 6358: 6274: 1792:(1833); followed in the second half of the 19th century, and the early 20th by the work of 1766: 1724: 1674: 1531: 443: 22117: 22109: 21630: 21217: 21201: 21020: 19978: 19923: 19645: 19058: 18126: 17719: 16319: 6987:. Each dialect can be further subdivided in several subdialects. The terms "Catalan" and " 2093:

is not shared by all linguists and philologists, particularly among Spanish ones, such as

1541: 8: 22817: 22759: 22699: 22689: 22669: 22659: 22644: 22639: 22619: 22589: 22557: 22542: 22517: 22453: 22162: 22123: 21867: 21513: 21346: 21321: 20990: 20892: 20742: 20319: 20278: 20237: 19346: 19238: 19206: 19200: 18821: 18781: 18747: 18575: 18339: 16963: 16940: 13944: 13036: 11850: 11033: 9753: 9390: 7332: 7030: 6996: 6813: 6425: 6366: 5965: 5244: 5105: 4897: 2251: 2227: 2158: 2123: 1985: 1863: 1408: 1378: 1253: 1001: 890: 556: 22297: 21844: 21622: 20975: 20109: 19609: 19042: 18717: 18651: 16703: 13837:"El patuet valencià, un reflex lingüístic de la societat algeriana colonial (1830–1962)" 13189:

Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (24 May 2022).

6710:

There is some confusion in the literature about the precise phonetic characteristics of

1903:

arrived immigrant students. There is also some intergenerational shift towards Catalan.

1644: 1338: 22729: 22684: 22609: 22579: 22149: 21958: 21908: 21505: 21496: 21482: 21300: 21245: 21186: 21106: 20757: 20717: 20671: 20625: 20590: 20537: 20370: 20365: 20295: 20218: 20213: 20202: 20092: 19851: 19580: 19436: 19394: 19360: 19354: 19244: 19187: 19144: 19127: 18865: 18858: 18694: 18482: 18423: 18279: 18267: 18146: 18084: 17968: 17505: 17411: 17368: 17334:

De la fonètica a la fonologia: les consonants i assimilacions consonàntiques del català

17259: 17043: 16734: 16249: 15427: 14297: 14289: 14139: 13226: 13046: 13041: 10691: 10687: 10661: 9051: 7206: 7192: 7161: 7054: 7046: 7038: 7034: 7022: 7018: 6281: 6232: 6227: 5324: 5146: 5036: 4873: 2231: 2142: 1949: 1941:, several policies favoring Catalan have been enforced, like Catalan medium education. 1809: 1801: 1682: 1648: 1577: 1389: 1382: 1293: 894: 585: 417: 19629: 18121: 17305: 15224: 13190: 13002: 12987: 12970: 9351: 9183:, into Catalan is arguably another form of lexical borrowing through the influence of 9074:, from a philological standpoint, is the same shared by the autonomous communities of 9054:). Central Catalan has 90% to 95% inherent intelligibility for speakers of Valencian. 4971: 4831: 987: 708: 22302: 22292: 22284: 22210: 22100: 22030: 21999: 21986: 21977: 21922: 21916: 21901: 21747: 21685: 21667: 21573: 21549: 21472: 21445: 21431: 21403: 21354: 21331: 21221: 21209: 21205: 21101: 21016: 20963: 20747: 20630: 20595: 20392: 20375: 20256: 20223: 20052: 19995: 19968: 19808: 19787: 19707: 19667: 19526: 19454: 19448: 19372: 19264: 19174: 19115: 19027: 18985: 18786: 18732: 18538: 18523: 18494: 18477: 18387: 18350: 18319: 18307: 18226: 18214: 18131: 18106: 18100: 18025: 17994: 17675: 17644: 17609: 17579: 17568: 17552: 17522: 17474: 17337: 17318: 17212: 17179: 17158: 17127: 17106: 17066: 17011: 16992: 16948: 16903: 16884: 16853: 16809: 16788: 16769: 16751: 16738: 16679: 16660: 16429: 16188: 16178: 15974: 15861: 15195: 14988: 14824: 14712: 14680: 14334: 14281: 14129: 14092: 13993: 13892: 13787: 13761: 13714: 13689: 13664: 13619: 13434: 12616: 11879: 11029: 10679: 10649: 9201: 9135: 8974: 8873: 7286: 7120: 7042: 7014:, the eastern half of the province of Tarragona, and most of the province of Girona. 6984: 6930: 6696: 6622: 6529: 6502: 6463: 6399: 6331: 6242: 5984: 5961: 5912: 5484: 5252: 5023: 5019: 4855: 4717:

superstrate produced different outcomes in Spanish and Catalan. For example, Catalan

4444: 2256: 2146: 2134: 2039: 1965: 1828: 1604: 1596: 1519: 1515: 1495: 1472: 1423:

was repopulated with Catalan speakers in the 14th century. The language also reached

1042: 1037: 980: 945: 438: 284: 21770: 21731: 21581: 21091: 21086: 19983: 19650: 18619: 18597: 17415: 17372: 17263: 14450:"You are here: ANSAmed. Catalonia: Supreme Court, 25% of lessons must be in Spanish" 14301: 13738: 11390:("town") is feminine singular, the definite article carries the corresponding form, 11322:

As in the other Western Romance languages, the main plural expression is the suffix

10153:

Letters and digraphs with contextually conditioned pronunciations (Central Catalan)

8423: 7476:

General differences in the pronunciation of unstressed vowels in different dialects

6730:⟩ would be more accurate. However, in all literature only the characters for 4837: 4816: 4362: 4252: 1937:, Catalan has always been the sole official language. Since the promulgation of the 1914:, in 2013 the Catalan language is the second most commonly used in Catalonia, after 788: 753: Territories where Catalan/Valencian is not historically spoken but is official 22041: 21895: 21837: 21816: 21800: 21793: 21784: 21710: 21559: 21451: 21385: 21379: 21369: 21282: 21274: 21249: 21237: 21111: 21081: 21061: 21012: 21000: 20957: 20942: 20927: 20922: 20787: 20752: 20727: 20722: 20634: 20600: 20551: 20417: 20410: 20397: 20347: 20334: 20283: 20266: 20138: 20073: 20059: 20041: 19973: 19761: 19751: 19736: 19724: 19640: 19589: 19553: 19531: 19518: 19441: 19430: 19334: 19299: 19283: 19132: 19120: 19053: 19017: 19005: 18973: 18898: 18870: 18843: 18673: 18668: 18656: 18636: 18624: 18565: 18472: 18429: 18370: 18365: 18360: 18324: 18255: 18239: 18136: 17802: 17497: 17403: 17360: 17301: 17251: 16726: 15394: 14271: 14263: 14126:

Literature as a Response to Cultural and Political Repression in Franco's Catalonia

12992: 12527:

Catalan verbs are traditionally divided into three conjugations, with vowel themes

11887: 11650: 11640: 11292: 11041: 11037: 10725: 10717: 10709: 10705: 10657: 9244: 9079: 9071: 8876:

dialect. In this standard one can find, among other features: the definite article

8833:'s philological section. In this way, for instance, IEC says it is correct writing 7871:

in all verb conjugations in the Northern Valencian Community and Western Catalonia.

7328: 7251: 7247: 7197: 7113: 7106: 7050: 7026: 6980: 6976: 6891: 6869: 6837: 6237: 6050: 6046: 5941: 5934: 5466: 5319: 5218: 5172: 5097: 5059: 4958: 4425: 4421: 4244: 2246: 2236: 2221: 2197: 2166: 2154: 2138: 2102: 1993: 1977: 1969: 1915: 1899: 1793: 1770: 1738: 1616: 1612: 1585: 1552: 1527: 1458: 1412: 1267: 1248: 1242: 1187: 1135: 1111: 1005: 939: 886: 612: 546: 483: 432: 422: 269: 207: 135: 120: 102: 21046: 20681: 20429: 20132: 19536: 19486: 14143: 13990:

Visions de "l'idiome natal" à travers l'enquête impériale sur les patois 1807–1812

9371: 7335:. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel harmony in some cases. 4825: 4268: 4259: 22376: 22357: 22327: 22275: 22256: 22172: 22048: 21874: 21763: 21680: 21675: 21635: 21604: 21241: 21056: 21030: 20995: 20948: 20934: 20906: 20795: 20737: 20732: 20606: 20581: 20387: 20342: 20288: 20248: 20105: 20079: 20066: 20046: 19845: 19831: 19712: 19614: 19604: 19548: 19399: 19387: 19327: 19322: 19137: 19066: 19048: 19022: 18995: 18925: 18882: 18794: 18775: 18727: 18614: 18580: 18533: 18528: 18250: 18182: 18154: 17899: 17861: 17809: 17603: 17546: 17468: 17436: 17317:(2nd ed.). Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans. pp. 75–76, 128–129. 17211:(in Catalan). Barcelona: Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat. pp. 37–38. 17206: 17178:(in Catalan). Barcelona: Publicacions de l'Abadia de Monsterrat. pp. 55–93. 17121: 16918: 16847: 16824: 16803: 16705:

A History of Spain from the Earliest Times to the Death of Ferdinand the Catholic

16423: 16256: 16237: 15433: 15420: 15372: 15354: 15303: 15114: 14818: 13886: 13646: 13012: 12944: 10732: 10713: 10643: 9184: 9153: 9131: 9087: 9047: 9039: 9030: 9025: 8295: 8285:'youth' (Ibicencan, however, follows the model of Western Catalan in this case). 7308: 7270: 7259: 7099: 6972: 6873: 6575: 6254: 6247: 6069: 6058: 6006: 5930: 5282: 5015: 4769: 4714: 4429: 4417: 2241: 2178: 1871: 1832: 1742: 1732: 1620: 1608: 1589: 1523: 1499: 1463: 1447: 1431: 1088: 488: 427: 256: 244: 211: 182: 20156: 18848: 16548: 15922:. Here Recasens labels these Catalan sounds as "laminoalveolars palatalitzades". 9096:

Ruling of the Valencian Language Academy of 9 February 2005, extract of point 1.

5067: 4810: 4786: 4780: 4749: 4743: 4725: 4396: 4378: 4369: 4351: 4342: 4335: 4315: 4308: 4297: 4286: 1797: 1737:

In 1807, the Statistics Office of the French Ministry of the Interior asked the

1439: 1403:

During the 11th and 12th centuries the Catalan rulers expanded southward to the

1087:'), since the origins of the Catalan counts, lords and people were found in the 22363: 22239: 22202: 22187: 22035: 21994: 21830: 21336: 21326: 21292: 21233: 21071: 21051: 21004: 20985: 20969: 20434: 20403: 20298: 20150: 20100: 19896: 19803: 19798: 19719: 19599: 19561: 19293: 18853: 18799: 18769: 18661: 18345: 18273: 18219: 17470:

Learner English: A Teacher's Guide to Interference and Other Problems, Volume 1

15108:

Población según lengua habitual. Datos comparados 2003–2008. Cataluña. Año 2008

12902: 12560: 10721: 10695: 9180: 9127: 6555: 6289: 5537:

Figures relate to all self-declared capable speakers, not just native speakers.

5313: 5288: 5278: 2193: 2127: 2023: 2018: 1945: 1670: 1064: 504: 472: 453: 239: 221: 18942: 17407: 17364: 16730: 15537: 14391:[Catalonia orders violate the judgments on the Castilian in schools]. 14389:"Cataluña ordena incumplir las sentencias sobre el castellano en las escuelas" 14267: 9065:, AVL) declares the linguistic unity between Valencian and Catalan varieties. 4804: 4755: 4405: 4389: 4324: 4279: 22870: 22332: 22261: 22248: 22177: 22055: 21612: 21229: 21213: 21096: 21024: 20666: 20313: 20303: 19838: 19741: 19729: 19461: 19169: 18826: 18764: 18260: 17935: 15366: 15199: 14676:

Stateless Nations: Western European Regional Nationalisms and the Old Nations

14285: 13163: 12916: 12796:

at step that (=in proportion as) myself I was making big (=I was growing up).

12594: 11891: 11883: 11857: 9205: 8247: 7324: 6778: 6608: 6431: 6372: 6295: 4440: 2170: 2162: 1451: 1125: 1032: 953:

The language evolved from Vulgar Latin in the Middle Ages around the eastern

731: 15488: 13460: 8977:) was among the twelve minority languages officially recognized as Italy's " 6859:

Variations of Catalan by class, gender, profession, age and level of studies

5527:

The number of people who understand Catalan includes those who can speak it.

5100:, which is the local language, Catalan, Spanish and French are also spoken. 4792: 4761: 4737: 4731: 4719: 1779: 958: 22382: 22157: 22085: 21359: 20656: 20144: 19620: 19480: 18920: 18875: 17947: 17902:(Catalan ↔ English, French, German and Spanish), from Enciclopèdia Catalana 17674:. Vol. 1 & 2. Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans. p. 51. 16805:

The Architect of Modern Catalan: Selected Writings/Pompeu Fabra (1868–1948)

16192: 15554:[Catalan is not progressing in the incorporation of new speakers]. 13056: 13007: 12930: 12888: 11375: 9783:

Pronunciation of Catalan special characters and digraphs (Central Catalan)

9766: 9749: 7912:

Eastern Catalan: In verbs, the ending for 1st-person present indicative is

7859:

Western Catalan: In verbs, the ending for 1st-person present indicative is

7338:

Central, Western, and Balearic differ in the lexical incidence of stressed

7285:

remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced , in some words.

7235: 6734:

affricates and fricatives are used, even when the same sources use ⟨

6034: 5980: 4820:. However, the Arabic element is generally much more prevalent in Spanish. 1895: 1840: 1557: 1535: 1484: 1468: 1362: 1311: 479: 351: 17255: 15886: 14588: 13639: 10747: 4798: 1114:, the term referring to a person first appears in the mid 14th century as 692: 22390: 21253: 19682: 19675: 19412: 18978: 17873: 17126:(in Spanish). Bellaterra: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. p. 71. 12511: 11895: 11240:

couplets, like Italian and Spanish, and unlike French. Thus, Catalan has

9247:, where one can find compounded words formed much like those in English. 9172: 5983:

words, and these may end in a wide variety of consonants, including some

5093: 1956: 1817: 1435: 1397: 1352: 366: 361: 18947: 16029: 16027: 15934:. Here the authors label these Catalan sounds as "laminal postalveolar". 14293: 14251: 11674:

Central Catalan has abandoned almost completely unstressed possessives (

7823: 21700: 21437: 20762: 18990: 18960: 18952: 18908: 18903: 18553: 18312: 17918: 17892: 16697:. Vol. 3. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 3045–3055. 13777: 13775: 13677: 13168: 12566: 11237: 10683: 9779:, a set of guidelines following Pompeu Fabra's Catalan language norms. 9119:, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan. 8427:

Casa de Convalescència, Headquarters of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans

7202: 6910: 6805: 5390: 5309: 5273: 5197: 5164: 5160: 2189: 2032: 1746: 1507: 1404: 1298: 1013: 747: Territories where Catalan/Valencian is spoken but is not official 226: 216: 22422: 20167: 17790: 17509: 17157:(in Catalan) (Catalan ed.). Universitat de València. p. 47. 14091:. Barcelona: Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, S.A. p. 14. 11860:

extensively, much more than French or Spanish. Thus, Catalan can have

6901: 6022: 4447:, and Galician-Portuguese share certain peripheral archaisms (Spanish 1999:

During the 20th century many Catalans emigrated or went into exile to

1784:), which has continued up to the present day. This period starts with 21477: 21127: 20506: 19756: 19594: 18936: 18231: 17851:

18 May 2016 at the Portuguese Web Archive, from Enciclopèdia Catalana

16829:(in Catalan) (4th ed.). Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans. 16657:

Issues in the Phonology and Morphology of the Major Iberian Languages

16484: 16390: 16388: 16386: 16384: 16382: 16380: 16024: 15971:

Issues in the Phonology and Morphology of the Major Iberian Languages

14276: 13393: 13391: 13389: 13387: 13291:"Italy's Last Bastion of Catalan Language Struggles to Keep It Alive" 13195: 11878:. This allows the placement of almost any nominal term as a sentence 11045: 10671: 9980: 9376: 9075: 9021: 9013: 9001: 8989: 7600:

Detailed examples of vowel reduction processes in different dialects

7169: 7092: 6992: 6988: 6968: 6926: 6914: 6841: 5420: 5302: 5143:, specifically a strip bordering Western Catalonia. It comprises the 5127: 5118: 5080: 4889: 4878: 4420:(1939–1975), the Catalan language was ridiculed as a mere dialect of 2012: 2000: 1981: 1891: 1867: 1754: 1704: 1639: 1054: 997: 931: 882: 841: 701: 685: 667: 649: 599: 561: 551: 397: 346: 55: 19382: 17951: 17905: 17643:. Barcelona: Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat. pp. 9–18. 16378: 16376: 16374: 16372: 16370: 16368: 16366: 16364: 16362: 16360: 16130: 15791: 15789: 15787: 15597: 15595: 15593: 15591: 15589: 15188:"El uso del catalán crece: lo entiende el 94,4% y lo habla el 81,2%" 14758: 14756: 14754: 14752: 14750: 14748: 14006: 13772: 13385: 13383: 13381: 13379: 13377: 13375: 13373: 13371: 13369: 13367: 6094:

The root is stressed in the first word and unstressed in the second

4968:

Traditionally Catalan-speaking territories are sometimes called the

2210:

with Iberian Romance, 3 isoglosses with Occitan, and 1 unique word.

762: 21807: 20493: 19541: 19377: 19193: 18641: 18489: 17730:

external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into

17501: 17029:(in French). Paris: Revue de Linguistique Romane. pp. 181–182. 16142: 15903: 15901: 15748: 15587: 15585: 15583: 15581: 15579: 15577: 15575: 15573: 15571: 15569: 14975:, but it is a modern borrowing from Occitan. The original word was 14746: 14744: 14742: 14740: 14738: 14736: 14734: 14732: 14730: 14728: 12938: 12817:

There did not exist, at no point had there ever existed between us

11335: 9228: 7216: 6652: 6630: 5445: 5298: 5248: 5185: 4910: 4185: 2207: 1660: 1443: 1420: 1366: 1119: 1021: 1017: 954: 800: 741: Territories where Catalan/Valencian is spoken and is official 534: 195: 19746: 17867: 16639:(in Catalan), Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua, 9 February 2005, 15491:[Survey of the linguistic usage of the population. 2018]. 15167:. Seminarium om social- och hälsovård för språkliga minoriteter . 13663:(in Catalan) (del 1979 ed.). Edicions del 1979. p. 230. 4868: 22337: 21853: 21408: 21393: 20696: 19365: 19230: 18968: 18392: 18377: 17826: 16633: 16357: 16154: 16039: 16012: 15784: 15532: 13834: 13496: 13364: 12678: 12664: 10675: 8700:

The most notable difference between both standards is some tonic

8302:

Selection of different words between Western and Eastern Catalan

7212: 7157: 7135: 6853: 5441: 5231: 5189: 5156: 5063: 4999: 4952: 4883: 1973: 1934: 1690: 1686: 1592:, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region. 1416: 1374: 1237: 919: 900: 870: 852: 796: 530: 521: 154: 16785:

El lèxic català dins la Romània. Biblioteca Lingüística Catalana

15898: 15649: 15566: 14725: 13810:

L'interdiction de la langue catalane en Roussillon par Louis XIV

13711:

En cristiano! Policia i Guàrdia Civil contra la llengua catalana

5292:

Geographical distribution of Catalan language by official status

1128:). It is attested a language name since at least 1652. The word 21695: 20887: 20712: 20676: 19567: 18913: 18836: 18816: 18548: 17963: 15760: 15666: 15664: 13188: 11866:("they recommended me to him"), whereas in French one must say 11680:, etc.) in favor of constructions of article + stressed forms ( 11048: 8985: 7178: 7145: 6918: 6878:

Perception on the language of Catalan speakers and non-speakers

6604: 5917:

Catalan phonology varies by dialect. Notable features include:

5462: 5424: 5205: 5140: 5031: 4943: 4904: 2004: 1827:

The Catalan language and culture were still vibrant during the

1805: 1750: 1698: 1664: 1581: 1424: 1257: 1009: 935: 927: 914: 608: 603: 580: 461: 164: 17981: 15874: 15772: 12652:

I was having close to eighteen years, when I go know (=I met)

1057:, itself of disputed etymology. The main theory suggests that 21181: 18831: 18804: 16571: 16175:

Gramática catalana; referida especialment a les Illes Balears

15410:

Andorra: Sociolinguistic data from Andorran Government, 1999.

15294:

Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya, Generalitat de Catalunya

15168: 12600: 9138:, Catalan, and Valencian, but the latter two were identical. 7150: 7140: 7131: 6026: 5945: 5226: 5193: 5075: 4236: 2126:

between this language and some Occitan dialects (such as the

1989: 1836: 1769:

which, among other centralizing measures, imposed the use of

1573: 1084: 1025: 993: 910: 878: 540: 525: 279: 169: 159: 15661: 14909:, respectively, for drought, dry season or low water levels. 13784:

Historia general de España: Llegada y apogeo de los Borbones

13354: 13352: 13350: 13117:

Some Iberian scholars may alternatively classify Catalan as

13113: 13111: 13030:

Linguistic features of Spanish as spoken by Catalan speakers

2117: 2019:

Classification and relationship with other Romance languages

19953: 16337:[Unique translation of the European Constitution]. 16051: 15738: 15736: 15630: 15225:

Departament d'Estadística. Ajuntament de Barcelona (2011).

14800: 14798: 14796: 14794: 14792: 14252:"The Catalan premium: language and employment in Catalonia" 13929: 10701: 10667: 9769:. In 1932, Valencian writers and intellectuals gathered in 9111:, RACV), which uses an independent standard for Valencian. 8933:; the use of many archaic words, usual words in Algherese: 8716:(AVL). Nevertheless, AVL's standard keeps the grave accent 2008: 1875: 1678: 1503: 1202: 1156: 1150: 769:

Standard Catalan is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO

17778: 17291: 16746:

Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1999). "Catalan".

16717:

Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992). "Catalan".

16204: 16202: 16091: 16089: 15892: 15628: 15626: 15624: 15622: 15620: 15618: 15616: 15614: 15612: 15610: 15363:

Institut Balear d'Estadística, Govern de les Illes Balears

15360:

Balearic Islands: Statistical data from 2001 census, from

15342:

Land of Valencia: Statistical data from 2001 census, from

15309:

Land of Valencia: Statistical data from 2001 census, from

14779: 14777: 14775: 14773: 14771: 13992:(in French). Perpinyà: Editorial Trabucaire. p. 223. 12847:

It is necessary to believe that I was seeking... a person

9736: 9729: 9718: 9711: 9689: 9682: 9671: 9664: 9653: 9642: 9162:

even though nowadays there is a greater freedom of choice.

5301:

exist; virtually all of the Catalan speakers in Spain are

1776:

However, the 19th century saw a Catalan literary revival (

1708:

Catalan speakers fled to Northern Catalonia or Alicante.

1635:

Official decree prohibiting the Catalan language in France

1471:'s work. The first book produced with movable type in the 799:

characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see

17908:– open source, collaborative dictionary (Catalan–English) 17854: 17799:(Catalan grammar), from the Institute for Catalan Studies 16750:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 61–65. 16474: 16472: 16470: 16468: 16466: 16464: 16120: 16118: 16116: 16101: 15552:"El català no avança en la incorporació de nous parlants" 14857: 14855: 14370: 14368: 14366: 14364: 14362: 14330:

Mass Media and Political Communication in New Democracies

13649:, páginas 45-46, L'Espill, nº 24, Universitat de València 13585: 13583: 13581: 13579: 13554: 13552: 13550: 13403: 13347: 13272: 13108: 11907:

Simple forms of a regular verb of the first conjugation:

8242:

Western Catalan: In nouns and adjectives, maintenance of

5979:

In contrast to other Romance languages, Catalan has many

4490: 4466: 4137: 4052: 3973: 3892: 3802: 3720: 3643: 3635: 3562: 3487: 3411: 3311: 3228: 3220: 3153: 3080: 2996: 2988: 2905: 2810: 2802: 2731: 2652: 2581: 2575: 2488: 2415: 2348: 2275: 1211: 1196: 1165: 1144: 17973: 17815: 17803:

Gramàtica Normativa Valenciana (2006, Valencian grammar)

17637:"greuges de Guitard isarn, Senyor de Caboet (1080–1095)" 16588: 16586: 16451: 16449: 16447: 16445: 16428:. Translated by Yates, Alan. John Benjamins Publishing. 16405: 16403: 15988: 15733: 15723: 15721: 15719: 15706: 15704: 15702: 15700: 15698: 15696: 15694: 15681: 15679: 15022: 14789: 14558: 14088:

Bibliografia catalana dels anys més difícils (1939-1943)

14056:"Catalan: a language that has survived against the odds" 13686:

Recopilació d'accions genocides contra la nació catalana

13523: 13453: 13270: 13268: 13266: 13264: 13262: 13260: 13258: 13256: 13254: 13252: 7323:

remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from

6769:

and Central Catalan dialects featuring a weakly trilled

6596:

The consonant system of Catalan is rather conservative.

6092:

Examples of vowel reduction processes in Central Catalan

942:. The Catalan-speaking territories are often called the 17879: 17768: 17065:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 336–348. 16612: 16610: 16529: 16496: 16199: 16086: 15937: 15607: 15345:

Institut Valencià d'Estadística, Generalitat Valenciana

15312:

Institut Valencià d'Estadística, Generalitat Valenciana

14768: 14037: 14035: 14033: 14031: 14029: 14027: 14025: 14023: 14021: 8808:

morpheme in 1st person singular in present indicative (

6655:

to approximants in syllable onsets, after continuants:

5991:, which gives rise to an abundance of such couplets as 2204:

Lexical comparison of 24 words among Romance languages:

992:): (In orange, strict Catalan-speaking area) NE modern 862: 18024: 17839: 17773: 16764: 16461: 16113: 15837: 15825: 15813: 14852: 14620:"La llengua dels mallorquins de San Pedro (Argentina)" 14359: 13576: 13547: 8215:

Eastern Catalan: In verbs, the inchoative endings are

8176:

Western Catalan: In verbs, the inchoative endings are

7296:

follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however

7273:(except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: 4729:"to roast", of Germanic origin, contrast with Spanish 4435:

There is evidence that, at least from the 2nd century

4416:

During much of its history, and especially during the

2133:

Catalan shares many traits with the other neighboring

1369:, as well as the territories of the Roman province of 17488:

Thomas, Earl W. (1962). "The Resurgence of Catalan".

16583: 16442: 16400: 16000: 15716: 15691: 15676: 15348: 14878: 14876: 14874: 14872: 14870: 13859: 13497:

Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua (9 February 2005).

13249: 12813:

Not it was existing, not it existed never between us,

12694:

The my father had died, unexpectedly and still young,

12688:

El meu pare havia mort, inesperadament i encara jove,

9628: 9619: 9610: 9601: 9592: 9583: 9574: 9565: 9556: 9547: 9538: 9529: 9520: 9511: 9502: 9493: 9484: 9475: 9466: 9457: 9448: 9439: 9430: 9421: 9412: 9403: 9330:

noun delimited by an adjective, with adjectival value

6738:⟩ for other languages like Polish and Chinese. 4231:

Catalan and Spanish cognates with different meanings

1427:, which became Spanish-speaking in the 15th century. 1223: 1214: 1193: 1190: 1177: 1168: 1159: 1141: 22075: 18716: 16607: 16508: 16172: 15949: 14707:

Smith, Nathaniel B.; Bergin, Thomas Goddard (1984).

14557:

CPNL, Consorci per a la Normalització Lingüística-.

14018: 13535: 13415: 12878: 9200:

in Catalan follows the same principles as the other

9046:

varieties spoken in Western Catalonia (provinces of

8872:

In Alghero, the IEC has adapted its standard to the

7017:

Catalan has an inflectional grammar. Nouns have two

6777:

unless it precedes a vowel-initial word in the same

1208: 1199: 1153: 1147: 456: 16801: 16045: 16018: 15801: 15388:done in October 1997 and published in January 1998 15010: 14420:"Is Catalonia Using Schools as a Political Weapon?" 14012: 13917: 13397: 1205: 1138: 17855:Diccionari Català-Valencià-Balear d'Alcover i Moll 17119: 16745: 16716: 16425:The Architect of Modern Catalan: Selected writings 16160: 16136: 15795: 15754: 15655: 15528:"Tv3 – Telediario: La salud del catalán – YouTube" 15489:"Enquesta d'usos lingüístics de la població. 2018" 14867: 14842: 14840: 14563:Consorci per a la Normalització Lingüística – CPNL 13564: 13201:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 12698:My father had died, unexpectedly and still young, 8267:Eastern Catalan: In nouns and adjectives, loss of 7234:Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of 6952:in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as 6085: 6033:Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of 6011: 17714:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines 17536:Wheeler, Max; Yates, Alan; Dols, Nicolau (1999). 17396:Journal of the International Phonetic Association 17353:Journal of the International Phonetic Association 17332:Recasens, Daniel; Pallarès, Maria Dolors (2001). 17283:Recasens, Daniel (1993). "Fonètica i Fonologia". 16878: 16849:Sentential Form and Prosodic Structure of Catalan 16719:Journal of the International Phonetic Association 16490: 16394: 16033: 15601: 15140:(in Catalan), Xarxa CRUSCAT, 2011, archived from 14762: 13492: 13490: 13488: 13486: 11384:(literally "square of the town"), since the noun 6847: 5026:. The Andorrans speak a Western Catalan variety. 4753:"temple", of Latin origin, contrast with Spanish 1534:, as a first step in the creation of the Spanish 22868: 22108: 17818:(Catalan verb conjugations with online trainers) 17535: 17393: 17350: 17331: 17120:Melchor, Vicent de; Branchadell, Albert (2002). 16577: 16553:World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS) Online 15931: 15907: 15880: 15778: 15766: 15129:Informe sobre la situació de la llengua catalana 14922: 14898: 14123: 13817:. "CRDP, Académie de Montpellier. Archived from 11338:phenomenon that does not affect feminine forms: 9297:noun delimited by another noun and a preposition 5096:(northwest corner of Catalonia), in addition to 4808:"olive", of Latin origin, contrast with Spanish 4784:"tile", of Arabic origin, contrast with Spanish 4454: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4146: 4107: 4101: 4061: 4024: 3982: 3943: 3937: 3901: 3853: 3811: 3763: 3729: 3692: 3652: 3605: 3571: 3526: 3494: 3455: 3419: 3366: 3360: 3320: 3283: 3277: 3235: 3190: 3160: 3123: 3089: 3047: 3005: 2949: 2914: 2867: 2861: 2819: 2774: 2740: 2699: 2693: 2661: 2624: 2618: 2590: 2545: 2539: 2498: 2458: 2424: 2385: 2355: 2316: 2284: 1761:The defeat of the pro-Habsburg coalition in the 17882:(dictionary of Catalan words spelled backwards) 17431: 17123:El catalán: una lengua de Europa para compartir 17105:(in Catalan). Barcelona: Abadia de Montserrat. 15517:Red Cruscat del Instituto de Estudios Catalanes 15291:Catalonia: Statistic data of 2001 census, from 15134:Report on the situation of the Catalan language 14837: 13658: 10742: 8981:" by the Italian State under Law No. 482/1999. 8888:, special possessive pronouns and determinants 8761: 8749: 8735: 8729: 8711: 8683: 8664: 8645: 8626: 8607: 8588: 8569: 8550: 8531: 8512: 8493: 8474: 8455: 7292:In Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: 4849: 1696:By 1911, there were around 100,000 speakers of 1626: 930:and in two further areas in eastern Spain: the 89: 17948:Catalan Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words 17605:Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World 17385:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 ( 16332: 15157: 14948:, and it is actually a borrowing from Catalan 14326: 13483: 9267:two nouns, the second assimilated to the first 9243:There is greater regularity in the process of 8784:'that') in the same level as reinforced ones ( 7258:. Dialects differ in the different degrees of 6963:Western Catalan comprises the two dialects of 6057:. Dialects differ in the different degrees of 5787:(% of the population 15 years old and older). 5687:(% of the population 15 years old and older). 4478: 4218: 4116: 4031: 3952: 3863: 3773: 3699: 3612: 3541: 3464: 3389: 3383: 3375: 3290: 3199: 3130: 3057: 2959: 2876: 2781: 2708: 2631: 2554: 2465: 2394: 2327: 1718: 1442:(1397–1459). By the 15th century, the city of 964: 134: 22438: 22021: 21164: 20870: 20522: 20183: 19939: 18010: 17893:Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana Multilingüe 16920:Historia del nacionalismo catalán: 2a edición 16916: 16288:(in Spanish). Europa Press. 9 December 2004. 15558:(in Catalan). 23 October 2007. Archived from 15440: 15426:Alguer: Sociolinguistic data from Euromosaic 15413:Aragon: Sociolinguistic data from Euromosaic 15361: 15343: 15310: 15292: 15158:Ibáñez Ferreté, Òscar-Adrià (November 2020). 14976: 14970: 14955: 14949: 14943: 14928: 14904: 14589:"Catalan language resources | Joshua Project" 14559:"Consorci per a la Normalització Lingüística" 14084: 13461:"Definition of Catalan | Dictionary.com" 13409: 12856: 12839: 12822: 12805: 12788: 12771: 12754: 12737: 12732:I still harbor memories of great loneliness. 12720: 12715:a couple of years before; and from that time 12711:a couple of years before, and of those times 12703: 12686: 12661: 12644: 12620: 12580: 12574: 12546: 12540: 12534: 12528: 12519: 12500: 12493: 12486: 12479: 12472: 12456: 12448: 12441: 12433: 12426: 12419: 12407: 12400: 12393: 12386: 12379: 12372: 12360: 12353: 12346: 12339: 12332: 12325: 12312: 12304: 12297: 12289: 12282: 12275: 12263: 12256: 12249: 12242: 12235: 12228: 12216: 12209: 12202: 12195: 12188: 12181: 12169: 12162: 12155: 12148: 12141: 12134: 12122: 12115: 12108: 12101: 12094: 12087: 12075: 12068: 12061: 12054: 12047: 12040: 12027: 12019: 12012: 12004: 11997: 11990: 11977: 11971: 11965: 11959: 11953: 11941: 11929: 11908: 11873: 11861: 11841: 11823: 11816: 11804: 11797: 11781: 11768: 11761: 11749: 11742: 11727: 11720: 11714: 11681: 11675: 11666: 11660: 11654: 11644: 11625: 11618: 11606: 11599: 11568: 11561: 11554: 11541: 11535: 11527: 11521: 11513: 11507: 11465: 11458: 11445: 11439: 11431: 11425: 11391: 11385: 11379: 11357: 11351: 11345: 11339: 11329: 11323: 11314: 11308: 11302: 11296: 11283: 11277: 11271: 11265: 11259: 11253: 11247: 11241: 11221: 11212: 11200: 11191: 11173: 11164: 11152: 11146: 11140: 11125: 11116: 11104: 11095: 11085: 11079: 11073: 11063: 11057: 11051: 11011: 10999: 10976: 10958: 10948: 10936: 10913: 10895: 10885: 10870: 10863: 10840: 10822: 10812: 10797: 10790: 10767: 10752: 10626: 10620: 10613: 10606: 10597: 10587: 10573: 10563: 10555: 10548: 10542: 10531: 10521: 10515: 10507: 10500: 10494: 10483: 10473: 10467: 10459: 10452: 10446: 10435: 10425: 10419: 10411: 10404: 10398: 10387: 10377: 10371: 10365: 10354: 10344: 10334: 10326: 10320: 10314: 10308: 10298: 10292: 10286: 10275: 10269: 10261: 10254: 10248: 10237: 10227: 10221: 10210: 10200: 10192: 10185: 10179: 10168: 10141: 10132: 10122: 10113: 10103: 10097: 10088: 10082: 10072: 10061: 10050: 10038: 10028: 10012: 10005: 9999: 9988: 9974: 9962: 9952: 9935: 9925: 9913: 9903: 9890: 9880: 9870: 9860: 9844: 9837: 9831: 9820: 9810: 9798: 9734: 9727: 9716: 9709: 9698: 9687: 9680: 9669: 9662: 9651: 9640: 9626: 9617: 9608: 9599: 9590: 9581: 9572: 9563: 9554: 9545: 9536: 9527: 9518: 9509: 9500: 9491: 9482: 9473: 9464: 9455: 9446: 9437: 9428: 9419: 9410: 9401: 9380: 9367:) is a distinctive character used in Catalan. 9362: 9356: 9333: 9315: 9300: 9285: 9270: 9232: 9218: 9209: 9126:in 2004, the Spanish government supplied the 8993: 8964: 8958: 8952: 8946: 8940: 8934: 8928: 8922: 8916: 8907: 8901: 8895: 8889: 8883: 8877: 8864: 8858: 8852: 8846: 8840: 8834: 8821: 8815: 8809: 8803: 8797: 8791: 8785: 8779: 8773: 8767: 8755: 8705: 8676: 8657: 8638: 8619: 8600: 8581: 8562: 8543: 8524: 8505: 8486: 8467: 8448: 8398: 8391: 8384: 8377: 8370: 8358: 8351: 8344: 8337: 8330: 8280: 8274: 8259: 8253: 8234: 8228: 8222: 8216: 8207: 8201: 8195: 8189: 8183: 8177: 8163: 8156: 8150: 8143: 8137: 8130: 8123: 8106: 8099: 8092: 8085: 8078: 8058: 8051: 8044: 8037: 8030: 8015: 8008: 8001: 7994: 7987: 7948:1st-person singular present indicative forms 7939: 7933: 7927: 7919: 7913: 7904: 7898: 7892: 7886: 7880: 7874: 7866: 7860: 7794: 7787: 7765: 7758: 7731: 7723: 7716: 7700: 7693: 7671: 7664: 7645: 7638: 7574: 7554: 7529: 7509: 6971:; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: 6943: 6937: 6629:and some areas in southern Catalonia. It has 6181: 6174: 6166: 6159: 6151: 6144: 6136: 6129: 6121: 6114: 5998: 5992: 5236: 5210: 5177: 5144: 5132: 5110: 5085: 5041: 5007: 4969: 4773: 4704: 4690: 4680: 4666: 4656: 4646: 4636: 4626: 4616: 4606: 4596: 4583: 4573: 4547: 4537: 4527: 4517: 4507: 4484: 4472: 4460: 4448: 4189: 4177: 4171: 4153: 4128: 4092: 4086: 4068: 4043: 4015: 4009: 3991: 3964: 3928: 3910: 3883: 3875: 3844: 3838: 3820: 3793: 3785: 3756: 3738: 3711: 3683: 3677: 3659: 3626: 3598: 3580: 3553: 3515: 3501: 3478: 3446: 3429: 3401: 3353: 3345: 3327: 3302: 3268: 3262: 3242: 3211: 3181: 3167: 3144: 3116: 3098: 3071: 3038: 3032: 3014: 2979: 2971: 2939: 2921: 2896: 2888: 2852: 2846: 2828: 2793: 2767: 2749: 2722: 2686: 2668: 2643: 2611: 2597: 2566: 2530: 2524: 2506: 2479: 2451: 2433: 2406: 2376: 2362: 2339: 2309: 2291: 2266: 2200:; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian. 1992:, and to a lesser extent, in the rest of the 1954: 1777: 1407:, and in the 13th century they conquered the 1361:By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from 1261: 1058: 985: 943: 904: 856: 83: 22247: 17870:, from the Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua 17812:, from the Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua 17096:. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. p. 278. 16945:Webster's Third New International Dictionary 16654: 15968: 15379: 14617: 13885:Marfany, Marta; Simó, Marta Marfany (2002). 13781: 13604:("Poems of praise of the Virgin Mary") 1474. 13227:"World Atlas of Languages: Standard Catalan" 13081: 12646:Tenia prop de divuit anys quan vaig conèixer 11867: 9752:, with some added symbols and digraphs. The 9361:("novel") in a dictionary. The geminated L ( 9166: 8969:('which'), and so on; and the adaptation of 8915:in the imperfect tense in all conjugations: 8772:('back'), the use of elided demonstratives ( 5049: 4162: 4077: 4000: 3919: 3829: 3747: 3668: 3589: 3508: 3438: 3336: 3255: 3249: 3174: 3107: 3023: 2930: 2837: 2758: 2677: 2604: 2515: 2442: 2369: 2300: 1804:(drama). In the 19th century, the region of 1741:for an official survey on the limits of the 1036:Diachronic map of the Crown of Aragon. King 971:Catalonia § Etymology and pronunciation 19906:languages with more than 5 million speakers 17769:Consorci per a la Normalització Lingüística 17574:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 17027:Problèmes de géographie linguistique romane 16897: 16335:"Traducció única de la Constitució europea" 15284: 15282: 14982: 14933:, respectively, for eve, or the day before. 14893: 14891: 14823:. Cambridge University Press. p. 139. 14706: 14644:"COMUNITATS CATALANES A L'EXTERIOR – index" 14468: 14188:"Primera emisión de un programa en catalán" 14158:"Una polèmica literària sota el franquisme" 13884: 13618:(in Catalan). El Gall editor. p. 422. 13613: 12762:not had at all improved, all the contrary, 12673:the Raül, at the station of (=in) Manresa. 11032:, the most notable feature is (compared to 10648:The grammar of Catalan is similar to other 9773:to make a formal adoption of the so-called 8271:of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words. 7304:remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan. 5955: 5949: 4471:"to boil") and innovatory regionalisms (Sp 1924:Consorci per a la Normalització Lingüística 1446:had become the sociocultural center of the 1078: 1072: 54:"Catala" redirects here. For the ship, see 15: 22445: 22431: 21171: 21157: 20877: 20863: 20529: 20515: 20190: 20176: 19946: 19932: 19489:(mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance) 18017: 18003: 17175:Treballs de lingüística històrica catalana 17048:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 16961: 16845: 16802:Costa Carreras, Joan; Yates, Alan (2009). 16333:Isabel i Vilar, Ferran (30 October 2004). 15994: 15634: 14917: 14915: 14783: 14216: 13640:Els orígens històrics de l'anticatalanisme 13504:(in Valencian). p. 52. Archived from 12868:in whom I could center my emotional life. 12807:No existia, no existí mai entre nosaltres, 12656:I was about eighteen years old when I met 9251:Common types of word compounds in Catalan 9070:he historical patrimonial language of the 5058:, with the exception of the traditionally 4844: 2149:, Catalan has marked differences with the 2085:However, the ascription of Catalan to the 2031:One classification of Catalan is given by 1713:General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales 1478: 1388:In the 11th century, documents written in 761: 730: 16: 17750:Learn how and when to remove this message 17457: 17208:Estudis d'història de la llengua catalana 16970:. Revista de llengua i dret, 64: 86–101. 16898:Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2001). 14983:Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2001). 14810: 14804: 14275: 14047: 13727: 13708: 13191:"Glottolog 4.8 - Shifted Western Romance" 13070: 12830:a community of interests, of affections. 12705:un parell d'anys abans, i d'aquells temps 11307:("boiling") in contrast with traditional 10751:Gender and number inflection of the word 10594:initially and in onsets after a consonant 6820: 5968:, but unlike French, Spanish, or Italian. 4556:'to investigate, track' > Old Catalan 2118:Relationship with other Romance languages 1948:processes currently taking place. In the 1643:"Speak French, be clean", school wall in 21504: 17880:Diccionari Invers de la Llengua Catalana 17672:Petit Atles lingüístic del domini català 17595:Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics 17312: 17282: 17033: 16917:García Venero, Maximiano (7 July 2006). 16879:Ferrater; et al. (1973). "Català". 16692: 16421: 16148: 15919: 15893:Recasens, Fontdevila & Pallarès 1995 15461:[A Valencian island in Murcia]. 15456: 15439:Rest of World: Estimate for 1999 by the 15279: 15101: 15028: 15007:A 20th century introduction from French. 14888: 14820:Cultural Contestation in Ethnic Conflict 13616:L'Espanyolització de Mallorca: 1808–1932 12864:in whom to center the my life affective. 12824:una comunitat d'interessos, d'afeccions. 12756:no havien pas millorat, tot el contrari, 11686:, etc.), a feature shared with Italian. 11369: 11078:. There are only a few exceptions, like 10746: 9370: 9350: 9029: 8422: 6900: 6021: 5287: 4439:, the vocabulary and phonology of Roman 2122:Some include Catalan in Occitan, as the 2022: 1638: 1630: 1540: 1506:of each territory before the respective 1365:on both sides of the eastern end of the 1337: 1310: 1297: 1281: 1053:is derived from the territorial name of 1031: 974: 825: 822:A speaker of Catalan (Majorcan dialect). 808: 771:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger 24:This is an accepted version of this page 22452: 21985: 20197: 19955:Occitano-Romance languages and dialects 17887:Bilingual and multilingual dictionaries 17601: 17592: 17565: 17551:. London: Routledge. pp. 170–208. 17544: 17516: 17240:"Systemic Contrast and Catalan Rhotics" 17237: 17100: 16673: 16592: 16455: 16409: 16208: 16124: 16107: 16095: 16006: 15955: 15943: 15843: 15819: 15742: 15727: 15710: 15685: 15670: 14912: 14374: 14041: 13923: 13849:from the original on 21 September 2013. 13835:Àngela-Rosa Menages, Joan-Lluís Monjo. 13713:(in Catalan). Cossetània. p. 216. 13614:Sales Vives, Pere (22 September 2020). 13589: 13358: 13276: 13182: 12783:and arguably it was getting even worse 11856:This flexibility allows Catalan to use 8740:. Other divergences include the use of 2108:differences between Occitan and Catalan 1928:Consortium for Linguistic Normalization 1729:Language politics in Spain under Franco 1522:, which led to the assimilation of the 1450:, and Catalan was present all over the 793:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 14: 22869: 20536: 17864:, from the Institut d'Estudis Catalans 17846:Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana 17842:, from the Institut d'Estudis Catalans 17608:. Oxford: Elsevier. pp. 188–192. 17487: 17422: 17091: 17005: 16986: 15855: 15831: 14672: 14632:from the original on 16 November 2020. 14399:from the original on 11 September 2013 14386: 14249: 14085:Manent, Albert; Crexell, Joan (1988). 14053: 13891:(in Catalan). L'Abadia de Montserrat. 13759: 13661:Cròniques Negres del Català A L'Escola 13570: 13288: 12766:had not improved; quite the contrary, 12722:conservo un record de punyent solitud. 9007: 909:). It has semi-official status in the 22426: 21152: 20858: 20510: 20497: 20171: 19927: 17998: 17985: 17972: 17204: 17171: 17056: 16822: 16787:. Valencia: Universitat de València. 16782: 16701: 16559:from the original on 12 December 2019 16535: 16514: 16502: 16250:BOE núm. 30, de 4 de febrero de 2010. 16177:. Palma de Mallorca: Editorial Moll. 15384:Survey commissioned by Prefecture of 15016: 14936: 14861: 14599:from the original on 26 November 2022 14486:from the original on 20 December 2016 14194:(in European Spanish). 30 July 2018. 14066:from the original on 24 February 2017 13987: 13683: 13558: 13529: 13421: 13207:from the original on 27 November 2023 13159: 13157: 13155: 13153: 13151: 12858:en qui centrar la meva vida afectiva. 12841:Cal creure que cercava... una persona 11882:, without having to use so often the 11482: 11478:Contractions of the definite article 11405:Definite article in Standard Catalan 9231:are usually appended to verbs, as in 8069: 7952: 7944:(Northern), all meaning ('I speak'). 6072:, unstressed vowels reduce to three: 5542: 5261: 4685:'thresher shark, smooth hound; ray', 1944:On the other hand, there are several 1400:between the 11th and 14th centuries. 1342:Linguistic map of Southwestern Europe 1266: 1247: 1246:in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and 1241: 1020:) and Comune of Alghero (NW coast of 125: 119: 101: 20498: 17974:Articles related to Catalan language 17958:Catalan-language online encyclopedia 17694: 17669: 17634: 17466: 17152: 16939: 16616: 16478: 15807: 15646:Wheeler 2005 takes the same approach 15185: 14882: 14816: 14654:from the original on 3 November 2022 14516:from the original on 2 February 2017 14417: 14347:from the original on 5 February 2023 14308:from the original on 4 December 2021 14239:from the original on 9 October 2022. 14105:from the original on 31 January 2024 14054:Burgen, Stephen (22 November 2012). 13760:Radatz, Hans-Ingo (8 October 2020). 13541: 13289:Minder, Raphael (21 November 2016). 13237:from the original on 4 December 2023 12728:I keep a memory of acute loneliness 12625:("A love affair outside the city"). 11689: 10766:Regular noun with definite article: 10738:Word order is freer than in English. 7818: 7311:, unstressed vowels reduce to five: 7061:Main dialectal divisions of Catalan 6741:The distribution of the two rhotics 6611:position in most dialects. However, 4980:Territories where Catalan is spoken 873:, and an official language of three 17545:Wheeler, Max (2003). "5. Catalan". 17024: 16708:. Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 16676:Catalan Dictionary & Phrasebook 16316:Real Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana 16231:BOA núm. 77, de 18 de abril de 2011 14954:. Colón 1993, p 39. Portuguese has 14846: 14569:from the original on 28 August 2022 14510:Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya 14480:Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya 14411: 14387:Armora, Esther (9 September 2013). 14168:from the original on 17 August 2022 13786:(in Catalan). Planeta. p. 78. 13471:from the original on 28 August 2022 13335:from the original on 15 August 2023 13089: 12967:(Valencian Academy of the Language) 11334:before certain consonant groups, a 11264:("cock"/"hen"), whereas French has 10694:(singular and plural). There is no 9130:with translations of the text into 6831: 5971:Abundance of diphthongs containing 5921:Marked contrast of the vowel pairs 4796:, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan 4741:, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan 1272:entries in the dictionaries by the 48: 21347:Intermediate Southern (Neapolitan) 20236: 19910:Languages between parentheses are 17868:Diccionari Normatiu Valencià (AVL) 17657:from the original on 25 April 2024 17622:from the original on 24 March 2023 17445:from the original on 27 April 2024 17438:Mediaeval Catalan Linguistic Texts 17425:Història de la Literatura Catalana 17423:Riquer, Martí de (1964). "Vol.1". 17225:from the original on 25 April 2024 17192:from the original on 27 April 2024 17140:from the original on 27 April 2024 17079:from the original on 27 April 2024 16927:from the original on 25 April 2024 16866:from the original on 27 April 2024 16833:from the original on 27 April 2024 16768:. HarperCollins Publishers. 1991. 16422:Carreras, Joan Costa, ed. (2009). 16314:[List of RACV academics]. 16312:"Llistat dels Acadèmics de número" 16267:Original full text of Dictamen 1: 15263:(in Catalan). 2011. Archived from 15052:from the original on 14 March 2012 14679:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 80. 13961:La catalanitat a la Catalunya Nord 13905:from the original on 15 April 2023 13874:from the original on 7 March 2022. 13702: 13602:Trobes en llaors de la Verge Maria 13148: 12851:I guess I was seeking... a person 11649:("of + the "), but not as many as 9312:verb radical with a nominal object 8831:University of the Balearic Islands 5790: 4536:'to thicken; crowd together' > 2206:17 cognates with Gallo-Romance, 5 1912:Statistical Institute of Catalonia 1118:, followed in the 15th century as 961:, culminating in the early 1900s. 49: 22898: 22844:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 20453:Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua 19790:(unknown further classification) 17779:Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua 17690: 17441:. Dolphin Book Co. Ltd., Oxford. 17270:from the original on 27 July 2020 16643:from the original on 5 March 2009 16292:from the original on 27 July 2020 16073:Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua 15469:from the original on 21 June 2017 15457:Martínez, D. (26 November 2011). 14452:. 21 January 2022. Archived from 13688:(in Catalan). Base. p. 300. 12965:Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua 12779:perhaps even they were worsening 10603:otherwise, before stress, after 9346: 9191: 9063:Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua 8906:('yours'), and so on, the use of 8419:Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua 7350:in Central Catalan correspond to 7005:Valencian Academy of the Language 6582: 6562: 6544: 6537: 6519: 6512: 6485: 6478: 6470: 6451: 6444: 6437: 6414: 6407: 6387: 6380: 6357: 6351: 6344: 6337: 6321: 6315: 6308: 6301: 6280: 6273: 6266: 6259: 1894:, there is an unparalleled large 1878:, began to be published in 1976. 1274:Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua 957:. Nineteenth-century Spain saw a 869:. It is the official language of 637:Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua 200: 140: 129: 22404: 22078: 21197:Historical linguistic minorities 21180: 20886: 17797:Gramàtica de la Llengua Catalana 17793:, by the Government of Catalonia 17699: 17602:Wheeler, Max (2010). "Catalan". 17538:Catalan: A Comprehensive Grammar 16974:from the original on 9 June 2019 16598: 16541: 16520: 16415: 16345:from the original on 9 June 2011 16326: 16304: 16274: 16261: 16242: 16223: 16214: 16166: 15961: 15925: 15913: 15849: 15499:from the original on 8 July 2019 15493:IDESCAT/Generalitat de Catalunya 15206:from the original on 8 July 2019 14711:. New York: Garland. p. 9. 14556: 14333:. Psychology Press. p. 19. 14217:Casademont, Enric Pujol (2020). 14198:from the original on 25 May 2022 14124:CORNELLÀ-DETRELL, JORDI (2011). 13441:from the original on 10 May 2021 13174: 12937: 12923: 12909: 12895: 12881: 12745:The my relations with the mother 12588: 8979:historical linguistic minorities 7822: 7378:Different incidence of stressed 7262:, and the incidence of the pair 7238:, with seven stressed phonemes: 7224: 7175:Autonomous community of Valencia 6061:, and the incidence of the pair 6037:, with seven stressed phonemes: 5975:, as in Galician and Portuguese. 4867: 1494:With the union of the crowns of 1252:in the Western dialects. In the 1186: 1134: 1132:can be pronounced in English as 115: 107: 17986: 17427:(in Catalan). Barcelona: Ariel. 17238:Padgett, Jaye (December 2009). 16659:. Georgetown University Press. 16046:Costa Carreras & Yates 2009 16019:Costa Carreras & Yates 2009 15973:. Georgetown University Press. 15640: 15544: 15520: 15511: 15481: 15459:"Una isla valenciana en Murcia" 15450: 15249: 15218: 15179: 15151: 15120: 15064: 15034: 15001: 14963: 14700: 14666: 14636: 14611: 14581: 14550: 14528: 14498: 14442: 14380: 14320: 14256:Journal of Population Economics 14243: 14210: 14180: 14150: 14117: 14078: 14013:Costa Carreras & Yates 2009 13981: 13878: 13853: 13828: 13800: 13753: 13652: 13632: 13607: 13595: 13427: 13398:Costa Carreras & Yates 2009 13124: 12834:shared interests or affection. 12749:My relationship with my mother 12739:Les meves relacions amb la mare 11350:("the pulse"/"the pulses") vs. 11295:and French. Thus, one can find 9761:in 1913 under the direction of 9156:acts as an innovative element. 9146: 9141: 8762: 8750: 8744:(AVL) in some words instead of 8736: 8730: 8712: 8684: 8665: 8646: 8627: 8608: 8589: 8570: 8551: 8532: 8513: 8494: 8475: 8456: 8298:acts as an innovative element. 7814: 7611:the second with unstressed root 7362:in Balearic almost always have 7358:in Western Catalan. Words with 7254:has also instances of stressed 7021:(masculine, feminine), and two 6827:Phonological history of Catalan 6053:also has instances of stressed 5221:, settled in the 19th century. 1980:. There is also well ingrained 1968:, Catalan is being replaced by 1888:Spanish transition to democracy 1357:Phonological history of Catalan 111: 90: 19914:of the language on their left. 19784:(Western Romance-based pidgin) 17473:. Cambridge University Press. 17336:. Barcelona: Editorial Ariel. 17153:Moll, Francesc de B. (2006) . 16678:. New York: Hippocrene Books. 16626: 16578:Wheeler, Yates & Dols 1999 16318:(in Valencian). Archived from 16161:Melchor & Branchadell 2002 16137:Carbonell & Llisterri 1999 15796:Carbonell & Llisterri 1992 15755:Carbonell & Llisterri 1999 15656:Carbonell & Llisterri 1999 15445:outside the Catalan Countries. 15442:Federació d'Entitats Catalanes 14418:Wong, Alia (3 November 2017). 13988:Merle, René (5 January 2010). 13782:de la Cierva, Ricardo (1981). 13684:Lluís, García Sevilla (2021). 13659:Mayans Balcells, Pere (2019). 13315: 13282: 13219: 13078:Valencian Normative Dictionary 12773:potser fins i tot empitjoraven 12610: 11365: 10698:inflexion, except in pronouns. 10690:(masculine and feminine), and 9282:noun delimited by an adjective 9117:Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana 9109:Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana 9018:Valencian language controversy 6868:Relations between Catalan and 6848:Preferential subjects of study 5533: 5523: 5219:Autonomous Community of Murcia 5141:Autonomous Community of Aragon 1881: 1857:Honor Award of Catalan Letters 1346: 13: 1: 22882:Subject–verb–object languages 17913:Automated translation systems 17876:(online Valencian dictionary) 17306:10.1016/S0095-4470(95)80031-X 16881:Enciclopèdia Catalana Volum 4 16173:Moll, Francesc de B. (1968). 14536:"2010 Language Policy Report" 13141: 9059:Valencian Academy of Language 9038:Valencian is classified as a 8288: 7924:, or -∅ in all conjugations. 7854: 7609:the first with stressed root, 6214: 5690: 5048:Roughly corresponding to the 4835:"to calm somebody down", and 1765:(1714) initiated a series of 1512:War of the Spanish Succession 1322: 20844:Andalusian language movement 20224:Geo-political distribution ( 17155:Gramàtica Històrica Catalana 17057:Lledó, Miquel Àngel (2011). 15932:Recasens & Pallarès 2001 15908:Recasens & Espinosa 2007 15881:Recasens & Espinosa 2005 15779:Recasens & Espinosa 2005 15767:Recasens & Espinosa 2005 15233:(in Catalan). Archived from 15186:Geli, Carles (8 July 2019). 14921:Portuguese and Spanish have 14897:Portuguese and Spanish have 14164:(in Catalan). 20 July 2015. 10743:Gender and number inflection 8996:Institut Aragonès del Català 8704:accentuation, for instance: 8408: 7007:in the Valencian Community. 7001:Institute of Catalan Studies 5987:. Additionally, Catalan has 5906: 5485:Catalan-speaking territories 4850:Catalan-speaking territories 4778:"large earthenware jar" and 4552:'to miss, yearn, pine for', 1627:France: 19th to 20th century 1588:came under the influence of 965:Etymology and pronunciation 7: 20461:Institut d'Estudis Catalans 19781:Mediterranean Lingua Franca 17774:Institut d'Estudis Catalans 17367:(inactive 26 August 2024). 16991:. Valencia: Tres i Quatre. 16702:Burke, Ulrik Ralph (1900). 16695:Romanische Sprachgeschichte 15386:Languedoc-Roussillon Region 15073:Catalan, language of Europe 13939:Charte en faveur du Catalan 13860:Plataforma per la llengua. 13097:Catalan Language Dictionary 12961:(Catalan Studies Institute) 12959:Institut d'Estudis Catalans 12874: 12627: 11407:(elided forms in brackets) 11374:Sign in the town square of 11044:), the loss of the typical 9379:(detail), showing the word 8415:Institut d'Estudis Catalans 7229: 6896: 6885: 6029:of Standard Eastern Catalan 5794: 5694: 5546: 4506:'to fasten; transfix' > 1745:. The survey found that in 1719:Spain: 18th to 20th century 1669:After the French colony of 1278:Institut d'Estudis Catalans 938:and the Carche area in the 633:Institut d'Estudis Catalans 10: 22903: 21944:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata 21427:Central-Southern Calabrian 19483:(mixed Portuguese–Spanish) 18509:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata 18303:Central−Southern Calabrian 17785:About the Catalan language 17458:Schlösser, Rainer (2005). 17036:Atlas of Romance languages 17010:. Routledge. p. 368. 16962:Grau Mateu, Josep (2015). 16900:Diccionario Akal del color 16766:Collins English Dictionary 16674:Britton, A. Scott (2011). 16151:, pp. 75–76, 128–129. 15860:. Routledge. p. 368. 14985:Diccionario Akal del color 14817:Ross, Marc Howard (2007). 14673:Friend, Julius W. (2012). 13709:Bea Seguí, Ignaci (2013). 12790:a mesura que em feia gran. 12592: 12558: 11869:ils m'ont recommandé à lui 11832: 11695:Catalan stressed pronouns 11362:("the dust"/"the dusts"). 11056:. Thus, the alternance of 10641: 10637: 9388: 9011: 8720:, while pronouncing it as 8412: 6889: 6824: 6640:Voiced obstruents undergo 5910: 5853:Franja Oriental of Aragon 5764:Franja Oriental of Aragón 5652:Franja Oriental of Aragón 5277:, Catalan had 4.1 million 5184:Comprising the islands of 4853: 4453:, Asturian and Portuguese 2065:Occitano-Romance languages 1722: 1654: 1584:, and soon thereafter the 1578:northern part of Catalonia 1482: 1350: 1291: 1287: 968: 922:, and it is spoken in the 390:Catalan (regulated by the 53: 22831: 22783: 22745: 22460: 22350: 22320: 22283: 22274: 22238: 22201: 22148: 22139: 22099: 22095: 22073: 22012: 21976: 21934: 21886: 21757:Comasco-Lecchese dialects 21709: 21666: 21657: 21621: 21603: 21594: 21558: 21540: 21531: 21495: 21463: 21417: 21345: 21309: 21291: 21273: 21264: 21260: 21193: 21140:Language policy in France 21136: 21120: 21039: 20939:Navarro-Lapurdian dialect 20915: 20899: 20836: 20810: 20780: 20705: 20657:Gomeran whistled language 20652: 20643: 20618: 20574: 20565: 20544: 20504: 20444: 20333: 20247: 20234: 20209: 20125: 20029: 20006: 19961: 19888: 19872: 19823: 19772: 19696: 19500: 19473: 19422: 19274: 19160: 19106: 19087: 19038: 18705: 18458: 18449: 18410: 18290: 18175: 18164: 18075: 18037: 17992: 17979: 17408:10.1017/S0025100306002829 17365:10.1017/S0025100305001878 17313:Recasens, Daniel (1996). 16968:Revista de Llengua I Dret 16846:Feldhausen, Ingo (2010). 16731:10.1017/S0025100300004618 16526:Archaic in most dialects. 14268:10.1007/s00148-005-0048-5 14226:Catalan Historical Review 12976:Plataforma per la Llengua 12635:Word-for-word translation 12554: 11952: 11940: 11928: 11920: 11849:Catalan pronouns exhibit 11835:Catalan personal pronouns 11790: 11779: 11735: 11710: 11699: 11500: 11484: 11188:Final obstruent devoicing 11010: 10998: 10935: 10704:are highly inflected for 10236: 9987: 9819: 9742: 9735: 9728: 9724: 9717: 9710: 9706: 9699: 9695: 9688: 9681: 9677: 9670: 9663: 9652: 9641: 9627: 9618: 9609: 9600: 9591: 9582: 9573: 9564: 9555: 9546: 9537: 9528: 9519: 9510: 9501: 9492: 9483: 9474: 9465: 9456: 9447: 9438: 9429: 9420: 9411: 9402: 9167:Latin and Greek loanwords 8026: 7983: 7961: 7958: 7955: 7801: 7752: 7710: 7655: 7632: 7616: 7613: 7606: 7604: 7586: 7581: 7566: 7561: 7541: 7536: 7521: 7516: 7486: 7483: 7480: 7399: 7396: 7393: 7139: 7127: 7073: 7068: 6642:final-obstruent devoicing 6574: 6554: 6495: 6424: 6365: 6350: 6314: 6288: 6253: 6224: 6103: 6100: 6086:pronunciation of dialects 6017: 6012:pronunciation of dialects 5989:final obstruent devoicing 5507: 5496: 5482: 5074: 4866: 4865: 4772:loanwords. Thus, Catalan 4522:'to combine, conjugate', 4178: 2050:Western Romance languages 1763:War of Spanish Succession 1657:Language policy in France 1563: 1024:, an island belonging to 779: 760: 729: 715: 699: 683: 665: 647: 642: 626: 571: 517:Official language in 515: 510: 494: 469: 411: 381: 339: 253: 242:: 4.1 million (2012) 235: 188: 178: 147: 97: 82: 77: 72: 20272:Spelling-to-sound charts 18791:North American dialects 18298:Extreme Southern Italian 17834:Monolingual dictionaries 17822:Catalan and its dialects 17641:Homenatge a Arthur Terry 17570:The Phonology of Catalan 17517:Wheeler, Max W. (1979). 17460:Die romanischen Sprachen 17103:Els menorquins d'Algèria 16947:. Merriam-Webster, Inc. 15432:12 November 2005 at the 15419:27 November 2005 at the 15353:16 February 2015 at the 15081:Generalitat of Catalonia 15046:Generalitat of Catalonia 14969:Modern Spanish also has 14540:Generalitat de Catalunya 14128:. Boydell & Brewer. 13888:Els menorquins d'Algèria 13063: 12663:en Raül, a l'estació de 12524:("to go") + infinitive. 11901: 10974:Adjective with 2 forms: 10911:Adjective with 3 forms: 10838:Adjective with 4 forms: 9198:morphological derivation 9050:and the western half of 9042:dialect, along with the 9034:Subdialects of Valencian 7909:(Northwestern Catalan). 6991:" (respectively used in 6905:Main dialects of Catalan 6864:linguistic normalization 6045:, with the exception of 5283:second-language speakers 5269:Generalitat de Catalunya 4512:'to compose, write up', 1920:Generalitat de Catalunya 1489: 1475:was printed in Catalan. 1318:Greuges de Guitard Isarn 1071:) derives from the name 959:Catalan literary revival 950:or "Catalan Countries". 867:Western Romance language 861:, for pronunciation see 51:Western Romance language 31:latest accepted revision 21317:Central-Northern Latian 20828:Valencian Sign Language 20692:Roquetas Pidgin Spanish 18210:Central−Northern Latian 17808:1 November 2020 at the 17101:Marfany, Marta (2002). 17034:Koryakov, Yuri (2001). 15261:Ajuntament de Barcelona 15231:Ajuntament de Barcelona 15113:2 November 2013 at the 14709:An Old Provençal Primer 14327:Katrin Voltmer (2006). 14250:Rendon, Sílvio (2007). 13435:"Definition of Catalan" 12998:Dominique de Courcelles 11378:, Catalonia, Spain. In 11068:, has been replaced by 9084:Principality of Andorra 8802:or the priority use of 8246:of medieval plurals in 6948:; which have merged to 6646:/b/>,/d/>,/ɡ/> 4845:Geographic distribution 4578:'to appease, mollify', 4568:'to exhaust, fatigue', 4479: 4147: 4062: 3983: 3902: 3812: 3730: 3653: 3572: 3495: 3420: 3321: 3236: 3161: 3090: 3006: 2915: 2820: 2741: 2662: 2591: 2499: 2425: 2356: 2285: 2169:and to a lesser extent 2112:Gallo-Romance languages 2091:Gallo-Romance languages 2060:Gallo-Romance languages 2055:Gallo-Iberian languages 2045:Italo-Western languages 1822:University of Barcelona 1814:Second Spanish Republic 1586:local Catalan varieties 1479:Start of the modern era 1268:[valensiˈa,ba-] 1120: 1107:theoretically derived. 61:. For the surname, see 22887:Stress-timed languages 22503:Bosnia and Herzegovina 21949:Gallo-Italic of Sicily 21741:Bustocco and Legnanese 20241: 18514:Gallo-Italic of Sicily 17874:diccionarivalencia.com 17860:26 August 2004 at the 17467:Swan, Michael (2001). 16987:Guinot, Enric (1999). 16852:. John Benjamins B.V. 16823:Fabra, Pompeu (1926). 16075:, 2005, archived from 15441: 15380: 15371:1 January 2006 at the 15362: 15344: 15311: 15293: 15173:Åbo Akademi University 14977: 14971: 14956: 14950: 14944: 14929: 14923: 14905: 14899: 13862:"The Catalan Language" 13082: 13025:Languages of Catalonia 12857: 12840: 12823: 12806: 12789: 12772: 12755: 12738: 12721: 12704: 12687: 12662: 12645: 12621: 12581: 12575: 12547: 12541: 12535: 12529: 12520: 12501: 12494: 12487: 12480: 12473: 12457: 12449: 12442: 12434: 12427: 12420: 12408: 12401: 12394: 12387: 12380: 12373: 12361: 12354: 12347: 12340: 12333: 12326: 12313: 12305: 12298: 12290: 12283: 12276: 12264: 12257: 12250: 12243: 12236: 12229: 12217: 12210: 12203: 12196: 12189: 12182: 12170: 12163: 12156: 12149: 12142: 12135: 12123: 12116: 12109: 12102: 12095: 12088: 12076: 12069: 12062: 12055: 12048: 12041: 12028: 12020: 12013: 12005: 11998: 11991: 11978: 11972: 11966: 11960: 11954: 11942: 11930: 11909: 11890:), or identifying the 11874: 11868: 11862: 11842: 11824: 11817: 11805: 11798: 11782: 11769: 11762: 11750: 11743: 11728: 11721: 11715: 11682: 11676: 11667: 11661: 11655: 11645: 11626: 11619: 11607: 11600: 11569: 11562: 11555: 11542: 11536: 11528: 11522: 11514: 11508: 11466: 11459: 11446: 11440: 11432: 11426: 11397: 11392: 11386: 11380: 11358: 11352: 11346: 11340: 11330: 11324: 11315: 11309: 11303: 11297: 11284: 11278: 11272: 11266: 11260: 11254: 11248: 11242: 11222: 11213: 11201: 11192: 11174: 11165: 11153: 11147: 11141: 11126: 11117: 11105: 11096: 11086: 11080: 11074: 11064: 11058: 11052: 11012: 11000: 10977: 10959: 10949: 10937: 10914: 10896: 10886: 10871: 10864: 10841: 10823: 10813: 10798: 10791: 10768: 10758: 10753: 10627: 10621: 10614: 10607: 10598: 10588: 10574: 10564: 10556: 10549: 10543: 10532: 10522: 10516: 10508: 10501: 10495: 10484: 10474: 10468: 10460: 10453: 10447: 10436: 10426: 10420: 10412: 10405: 10399: 10388: 10378: 10372: 10366: 10355: 10345: 10335: 10327: 10321: 10315: 10309: 10299: 10293: 10287: 10276: 10270: 10262: 10255: 10249: 10238: 10228: 10222: 10211: 10201: 10193: 10186: 10180: 10169: 10142: 10133: 10123: 10114: 10104: 10098: 10089: 10083: 10073: 10062: 10051: 10039: 10029: 10013: 10006: 10000: 9989: 9975: 9963: 9953: 9936: 9926: 9914: 9904: 9891: 9881: 9871: 9861: 9845: 9838: 9832: 9821: 9811: 9799: 9386: 9381: 9368: 9363: 9357: 9334: 9316: 9301: 9286: 9271: 9233: 9219: 9210: 9093: 9035: 8994: 8965: 8959: 8953: 8947: 8941: 8935: 8929: 8923: 8917: 8908: 8902: 8896: 8890: 8884: 8878: 8865: 8859: 8853: 8847: 8841: 8835: 8822: 8816: 8810: 8804: 8798: 8792: 8786: 8780: 8774: 8768: 8756: 8728:, in some words like: 8706: 8677: 8658: 8639: 8620: 8601: 8582: 8563: 8544: 8525: 8506: 8487: 8468: 8449: 8428: 8399: 8392: 8385: 8378: 8371: 8359: 8352: 8345: 8338: 8331: 8281: 8275: 8260: 8254: 8235: 8229: 8223: 8217: 8208: 8202: 8196: 8190: 8184: 8178: 8164: 8157: 8151: 8144: 8138: 8131: 8124: 8107: 8100: 8093: 8086: 8079: 8059: 8052: 8045: 8038: 8031: 8016: 8009: 8002: 7995: 7988: 7940: 7934: 7928: 7920: 7914: 7905: 7899: 7893: 7887: 7881: 7875: 7867: 7861: 7795: 7788: 7766: 7759: 7732: 7724: 7717: 7701: 7694: 7672: 7665: 7646: 7639: 7575: 7555: 7530: 7510: 7346:. Usually, words with 7242:, a common feature in 6944: 6938: 6906: 6821:Phonological evolution 6182: 6175: 6167: 6160: 6152: 6145: 6137: 6130: 6122: 6115: 6041:, a common feature in 6030: 5999: 5993: 5956: 5950: 5933:languages, other than 5293: 5237: 5211: 5178: 5145: 5133: 5111: 5086: 5050: 5042: 5008: 4970: 4836: 4830: 4824: 4815: 4809: 4803: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4779: 4774: 4768:The same happens with 4765:, of Germanic origin. 4760: 4754: 4748: 4742: 4736: 4730: 4724: 4718: 4705: 4691: 4681: 4667: 4657: 4647: 4637: 4627: 4617: 4607: 4597: 4584: 4574: 4548: 4538: 4528: 4518: 4508: 4491: 4485: 4473: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4418:Francoist dictatorship 4404: 4395: 4388: 4377: 4368: 4361: 4350: 4341: 4334: 4323: 4314: 4307: 4296: 4285: 4278: 4267: 4258: 4251: 4219: 4210: 4204: 4198: 4190: 4172: 4163: 4154: 4138: 4129: 4117: 4108: 4102: 4093: 4087: 4078: 4069: 4053: 4044: 4032: 4025: 4016: 4010: 4001: 3992: 3974: 3965: 3953: 3944: 3938: 3929: 3920: 3911: 3893: 3884: 3876: 3864: 3854: 3845: 3839: 3830: 3821: 3803: 3794: 3786: 3774: 3764: 3757: 3748: 3739: 3721: 3712: 3700: 3693: 3684: 3678: 3669: 3660: 3644: 3636: 3627: 3613: 3606: 3599: 3590: 3581: 3563: 3554: 3542: 3527: 3516: 3509: 3502: 3488: 3479: 3465: 3456: 3447: 3439: 3430: 3412: 3402: 3390: 3384: 3376: 3367: 3361: 3354: 3346: 3337: 3328: 3312: 3303: 3291: 3284: 3278: 3269: 3263: 3256: 3250: 3243: 3229: 3221: 3212: 3200: 3191: 3182: 3175: 3168: 3154: 3145: 3131: 3124: 3117: 3108: 3099: 3081: 3072: 3058: 3048: 3039: 3033: 3024: 3015: 2997: 2989: 2980: 2972: 2960: 2950: 2940: 2931: 2922: 2906: 2897: 2889: 2877: 2868: 2862: 2853: 2847: 2838: 2829: 2811: 2803: 2794: 2782: 2776:frigideira, fritadeira 2775: 2768: 2759: 2750: 2732: 2723: 2709: 2700: 2694: 2687: 2678: 2669: 2653: 2644: 2632: 2625: 2619: 2612: 2605: 2598: 2582: 2576: 2567: 2555: 2546: 2540: 2531: 2525: 2516: 2507: 2489: 2480: 2466: 2459: 2452: 2443: 2434: 2416: 2407: 2395: 2386: 2377: 2370: 2363: 2349: 2340: 2328: 2317: 2310: 2301: 2292: 2276: 2267: 2028: 1955: 1833:Francoist dictatorship 1778: 1652: 1636: 1570:Treaty of the Pyrenees 1547: 1371:Hispania Tarraconensis 1343: 1335: 1308: 1262: 1079: 1073: 1068: 1059: 1046: 1029: 986: 944: 905: 875:autonomous communities 857: 845: 823: 781:This article contains 84: 22372:Italian Sign Language 22321:Other German dialects 21464:Other Italo-Dalmatian 20823:Catalan Sign Language 20818:Spanish Sign Language 20478: (IRL & FRL) 20240: 20117:Southern Languedocien 20019:Southern Languedocien 19962:Arverno-Mediterranean 19001:Poitevin–Saintongeais 17964:Enciclopèdia Catalana 17952:Swadesh-list appendix 17593:Wheeler, Max (2006). 17566:Wheeler, Max (2005). 17548:The Romance Languages 17521:. Oxford: Blackwell. 17433:Russell-Gebbett, Paul 17285:Enciclopèdia Catalana 17256:10.1515/tlir.2009.016 17244:The Linguistic Review 17205:Moran, Josep (2004). 17172:Moran, Josep (1994). 17006:Hualde, José (1992). 16783:Colón, Germà (1993). 16491:Enciclopèdia Catalana 16395:Enciclopèdia Catalana 16255:12 April 2018 at the 16236:12 April 2018 at the 16034:Enciclopèdia Catalana 15985:for more information. 15856:Hualde, José (1992). 15673:, pp. 37, 53–54. 15602:Enciclopèdia Catalana 15391:"Information_catalan" 14763:Enciclopèdia Catalana 13323:"els Països Catalans" 11373: 10750: 9374: 9354: 9124:European Constitution 9068: 9033: 8796:at the same level as 8519:to be born 8440:Valencian (AVL) 8426: 7114:Northern/Rossellonese 7003:in Catalonia and the 6904: 6691:. Exceptions include 6025: 5291: 5018:where Catalan is the 4747:"spinning wheel" and 4560:'to incite, induce', 2026: 1855:award (1950), or the 1800:(realist novel), and 1642: 1634: 1601:French First Republic 1544: 1461:'s novel of chivalry 1351:Further information: 1341: 1314: 1301: 1292:Further information: 1035: 978: 893:, where it is called 840: 821: 22454:Languages of Europe 21824:Southwestern Lombard 20981:French Sign Language 20475:Fundació Ramon Llull 18810:St. Marys Bay French 18334:Neapolitan–Calabrese 17950:, from Wiktionary's 17720:improve this article 17540:. London: Routledge. 17519:Phonology of Catalan 17462:. Munich: C.H. Beck. 17294:Journal of Phonetics 16941:Gove, Philip Babcock 16902:(in Spanish). Akal. 16322:on 14 December 2016. 16082:on 23 September 2015 15562:on 24 November 2007. 15495:(in Catalan). 2019. 15378:Northern Catalonia: 15302:6 March 2007 at the 14987:(in Spanish). Akal. 13824:on 14 December 2010. 13511:on 23 September 2015 13132:Languages of Andorra 11875:me recomendaron a él 10652:. Features include: 10303:before other vowels, 9771:Castelló de la Plana 9763:Antoni Maria Alcover 9759:Normes ortogràfiques 8973:. In 1999, Catalan ( 6965:Northwestern Catalan 6651:Voiced stops become 6621:occurs in Balearic, 5997:("male friend") vs. 5820:Valencian Community 5720:Valencian Community 5584:Valencian Community 5217:A small area of the 5112:Comunitat Valenciana 4829:"to miss somebody", 4588:'to reject, refuse'; 4063:chistionnai, fueddai 3184:mantequilla, manteca 2095:Ramón Menéndez Pidal 1725:Nueva Planta decrees 1675:province of Alicante 1532:Nueva Planta decrees 22746:States with limited 22124:Vaccarizzo Albanian 20991:Lorraine Franconian 20893:Languages of France 20800:Catalan / Valencian 20706:Immigrant languages 20566:Regional / minority 20545:Official / national 19162:Galician–Portuguese 18188:Central Marchigiano 17898:31 May 2014 at the 17732:footnote references 17670:Veny, Joan (2007). 17635:Veny, Joan (1997). 17025:Jud, Jakob (1925). 16493:, pp. 630–631. 16036:, pp. 634–635. 15329:on 6 September 2005 15267:on 31 December 2015 15237:on 31 December 2015 15090:on 22 December 2012 13947:on 22 December 2012 13645:5 June 2022 at the 13532:, pp. 334–337. 13361:, pp. 190–191. 13083:Pyrénées-Orientales 13037:Languages of France 12622:Un amor fora ciutat 12615:Selected text from 12571:subject–verb–object 12131:Preterite (archaic) 11914: 11696: 11582: 11581:Indefinite article 11479: 11408: 11252:("boy"/"girl") and 10982: 10919: 10846: 10773: 10662:indefinite articles 10154: 10025:before other vowels 9900:( in some dialects) 9784: 9754:Catalan orthography 9391:Catalan orthography 9252: 9217:("electrical") vs. 9008:Status of Valencian 8746:⟨tll⟩ 8437:Catalan (IEC) 8433: 8303: 8113:'I feel', 'I hear' 7949: 7601: 7477: 7390: 7327:, is also found in 7062: 6997:Valencian Community 6792:In careful speech, 6221: 6220:Catalan consonants 6095: 6003:("female friend"). 5362:Valencian Community 5247:, on the island of 5245:Province of Sassari 5106:Valencian Community 5056:Pyrénées-Orientales 4981: 4862: 4532:'to wake; awaken', 4232: 3814:dimandai, preguntai 2211: 2124:linguistic distance 1986:Valencian Community 1790:Ode to the Homeland 1681:, while those from 1379:County of Barcelona 1282:status of Valencian 1254:Valencian Community 1181:-ə-lən, -⁠lan 1038:James the Conqueror 1002:Valencian Community 924:Pyrénées-Orientales 891:Valencian Community 573:Recognised minority 557:Valencian Community 136:[valensiˈa] 21:Page version status 21959:Judaeo-Piedmontese 21935:Other Gallo-Italic 21187:Languages of Italy 21040:Overseas languages 20916:Regional languages 20538:Languages of Spain 20242: 19576:Catalan Ribagorçan 19423:Pyrenean–Mozarabic 18695:Judaeo-Piedmontese 18605:Bustocco–Legnanese 18400:Northern Calabrian 17942:Learning resources 17932:Catalan phrasebook 17791:llengua.gencat.cat 16826:Gramàtica Catalana 15147:on 23 January 2013 14618:Philip D. Rasico. 14456:on 22 January 2022 14430:on 3 November 2017 14144:10.7722/j.cttn346z 13465:www.dictionary.com 13437:. 16 August 2023. 13410:García Venero 2006 13295:The New York Times 13052:Normes de Castelló 13047:Languages of Spain 13042:Languages of Italy 12582:El tren ha arribat 12576:Ha arribat el tren 11906: 11694: 11580: 11477: 11404: 11398: 10973: 10910: 10837: 10765: 10759: 10560:in other positions 10512:in other positions 10464:in other positions 10416:in other positions 10331:in other positions 10266:in other positions 10207:masculine-singular 10152: 9782: 9776:Normes de Castelló 9387: 9369: 9302:màquina d'escriure 9250: 9104:Normes de Castelló 9036: 8742:⟨tl⟩ 8432:Written varieties 8431: 8429: 8301: 7947: 7834:. You can help by 7599: 7475: 7377: 7289:has lowered to . 7207:Northern Catalonia 7187:, eastern half of 7164:, western half of 7060: 7012:Barcelona province 6907: 6749:closely parallels 6697:lateral consonants 6627:standard Valencian 6219: 6091: 6088:in this article). 6031: 5985:consonant clusters 5543:Level of knowledge 5325:language immersion 5294: 5262:Number of speakers 5037:Northern Catalonia 4979: 4874:Northern Catalonia 4860: 4641:'ardor, passion', 4230: 2203: 2137:(Occitan, French, 2029: 1950:Northern Catalonia 1810:province of Murcia 1653: 1649:Northern Catalonia 1637: 1595:Shortly after the 1548: 1514:, Spain became an 1455:medieval Europe". 1383:Carolingian Empire 1344: 1336: 1331:Homilies d'Organyà 1309: 1304:Homilies d'Organyà 1294:History of Catalan 1047: 1030: 846: 824: 586:Northern Catalonia 400:(regulated by the 249:Total: 9.2 million 203:Northern Catalans) 27: 22864: 22863: 22858: 22857: 22852: 22851: 22420: 22419: 22399: 22398: 22346: 22345: 22303:Southern Bavarian 22270: 22269: 22234: 22233: 22226:Triestine Serbian 22135: 22134: 22110:Arbëresh language 22071: 22070: 22067: 22066: 22008: 22007: 21972: 21971: 21725:Brianzöö dialects 21653: 21652: 21590: 21589: 21527: 21526: 21491: 21490: 21146: 21145: 20900:Official language 20852: 20851: 20776: 20775: 20772: 20771: 20609: 20491: 20490: 20485: 20484: 20420: 20413: 20406: 20322: 20309:Personal pronouns 20165: 20164: 20113: 20095: 20088: 20076: 20069: 20062: 20055: 20030:Aquitano-Pyrenean 20022: 19999: 19987: 19921: 19920: 19897:extinct languages 19819: 19818: 19496: 19495: 19455:Navarro-Aragonese 19340:Peruvian Ribereño 19265:Judaeo-Portuguese 19180:Galician–Asturian 19083: 19082: 19074:Old Gallo-Romance 19028:Wisconsin Walloon 18445: 18444: 18418:Dalmatian Romance 18026:Romance languages 17760: 17759: 17752: 17681:978-84-7283-942-7 17615:978-0-08-087774-7 17585:978-0-19-925814-7 17528:978-0-631-11621-9 17480:978-0-521-77939-5 17343:978-84-344-2884-3 17164:978-84-370-6412-3 17072:978-0-19-539245-6 17017:978-0-415-05498-0 16909:978-84-460-1083-8 16859:978-90-272-5551-8 16815:978-90-272-3264-9 16685:978-0-7818-1258-0 16666:978-0-87840-647-0 16538:, pp. 70–71. 16505:, pp. 29–30. 16481:, pp. 97–98. 16139:, pp. 54–55. 16110:, pp. 53–54. 15980:978-0-87840-647-0 15867:978-0-415-05498-0 15757:, pp. 61–65. 15745:, pp. 53–55. 15048:. 7 August 2008. 14994:978-84-460-1083-8 14942:Spanish also has 14864:, pp. 33–35. 14830:978-1-139-46307-2 14686:978-0-230-36179-9 14648:catalansalmon.com 14593:joshuaproject.net 14546:on 15 April 2014. 14340:978-0-415-33779-3 14135:978-1-85566-201-8 14015:, pp. 10–11. 13898:978-84-8415-366-5 13670:978-84-947201-4-7 13561:, pp. 37–38. 13303:on 1 January 2022 13231:en.wal.unesco.org 13172:(25th ed., 2022) 12872: 12871: 12865: 12848: 12831: 12814: 12797: 12780: 12763: 12746: 12729: 12712: 12695: 12681:railway station. 12674: 12653: 12639:Free translation 12636: 12617:Manuel de Pedrolo 12508: 12507: 11898:(as in Spanish). 11886:(as in French or 11831: 11830: 11690:Personal pronouns 11637: 11636: 11633: 11632: 11576: 11575: 11473: 11472: 11030:gender inflection 11026: 11025: 11022: 11021: 10969: 10968: 10906: 10905: 10833: 10832: 10733:modal auxiliaries 10650:Romance languages 10635: 10634: 10197:in other contexts 10150: 10149: 9877:in final position 9748:Catalan uses the 9746: 9745: 9344: 9343: 9292:"military staff" 9277:"banknote paper" 9202:Romance languages 8975:Algherese dialect 8718:⟨è⟩ 8702:⟨e⟩ 8694: 8693: 8406: 8405: 8174: 8173: 7852: 7851: 7812: 7811: 7770:("little thing") 7597: 7596: 7593: 7592: 7471: 7470: 7300:reduce to , with 7222: 7221: 6931:Algherese dialect 6594: 6593: 6532: 6505: 6466: 6434: 6402: 6375: 6334: 6298: 6212: 6211: 6014:in this article. 5913:Catalan phonology 5902: 5901: 5831:Balearic Islands 5785: 5784: 5731:Balearic Islands 5685: 5684: 5601:Balearic Islands 5538: 5528: 5518: 5517: 5259: 5258: 5253:Algherese dialect 5024:official language 4966: 4965: 4856:Catalan Countries 4689:'live coal' > 4542:'to save, keep', 4414: 4413: 4263:"to bring closer" 4228: 4227: 3865:a cere, a întreba 2147:Iberian Peninsula 2135:Romance languages 2040:Romance languages 1966:Alicante province 1939:1993 constitution 1910:According to the 1829:Spanish Civil War 1597:French Revolution 1516:absolute monarchy 1473:Iberian Peninsula 1396:, diverging from 1249:[kataˈla] 1243:[kətəˈla] 1043:Catalan Countries 981:Catalan Countries 838: 819: 807: 806: 789:rendering support 785:phonetic symbols. 755: 628:Regulated by 121:[kataˈla] 103:[kətəˈla] 39:19 September 2024 18: 22894: 22877:Catalan language 22784:Dependencies and 22720:Northern Ireland 22461:Sovereign states 22447: 22440: 22433: 22424: 22423: 22411: 22408: 22385: 22366: 22311: 22281: 22280: 22245: 22244: 22146: 22145: 22126: 22106: 22105: 22097: 22096: 22088: 22083: 22082: 22081: 22058: 22051: 22044: 22019: 22018: 21983: 21982: 21925: 21911: 21904: 21888:Emilian–Romagnol 21877: 21870: 21856: 21847: 21840: 21833: 21826: 21819: 21810: 21803: 21796: 21787: 21780: 21773: 21766: 21759: 21750: 21743: 21734: 21727: 21664: 21663: 21644: 21623:Franco-Provençal 21601: 21600: 21576: 21538: 21537: 21533:Occitano-Romance 21502: 21501: 21454: 21440: 21419:Extreme Southern 21388: 21283:Regional Italian 21271: 21270: 21262: 21261: 21218:Franco-Provençal 21185: 21184: 21173: 21166: 21159: 21150: 21149: 20976:Franco-Provençal 20958:Northern Catalan 20943:Souletin dialect 20928:Alsatian dialect 20923:Alemannic German 20891: 20890: 20879: 20872: 20865: 20856: 20855: 20650: 20649: 20605: 20572: 20571: 20556:a.k.a. Castilian 20531: 20524: 20517: 20508: 20507: 20499:Geopolitical use 20495: 20494: 20416: 20409: 20402: 20348:Northern Catalan 20318: 20262:Phonetic history 20192: 20185: 20178: 20169: 20168: 20139:Judaeo-Provençal 20103: 20091: 20084: 20072: 20065: 20058: 20051: 20016: 19993: 19981: 19948: 19941: 19934: 19925: 19924: 19442:Judaeo-Aragonese 19431:Andalusi Romance 19284:Amazonic Spanish 19121:Western Asturian 19104: 19103: 19043:Franco-Provençal 18714: 18713: 18610:Comasco–Lecchese 18468:Emilian–Romagnol 18456: 18455: 18256:Regional Italian 18246:Italo-Australian 18173: 18172: 18095:Megleno-Romanian 18019: 18012: 18005: 17996: 17995: 17983: 17982: 17970: 17969: 17755: 17748: 17744: 17741: 17735: 17703: 17702: 17695: 17685: 17666: 17664: 17662: 17631: 17629: 17627: 17598: 17589: 17573: 17562: 17541: 17532: 17513: 17484: 17463: 17454: 17452: 17450: 17428: 17419: 17390: 17384: 17376: 17347: 17328: 17309: 17288: 17279: 17277: 17275: 17234: 17232: 17230: 17201: 17199: 17197: 17168: 17149: 17147: 17145: 17116: 17097: 17088: 17086: 17084: 17053: 17047: 17039: 17030: 17021: 17002: 16983: 16981: 16979: 16958: 16936: 16934: 16932: 16923:. Ed. Nacional. 16913: 16894: 16875: 16873: 16871: 16842: 16840: 16838: 16819: 16798: 16779: 16761: 16742: 16713: 16698: 16689: 16670: 16651: 16650: 16648: 16620: 16614: 16605: 16602: 16596: 16590: 16581: 16575: 16569: 16568: 16566: 16564: 16545: 16539: 16533: 16527: 16524: 16518: 16512: 16506: 16500: 16494: 16488: 16482: 16476: 16459: 16453: 16440: 16439: 16419: 16413: 16407: 16398: 16392: 16355: 16354: 16352: 16350: 16341:(in Valencian). 16330: 16324: 16323: 16308: 16302: 16301: 16299: 16297: 16278: 16272: 16265: 16259: 16246: 16240: 16227: 16221: 16218: 16212: 16206: 16197: 16196: 16170: 16164: 16158: 16152: 16146: 16140: 16134: 16128: 16122: 16111: 16105: 16099: 16093: 16084: 16083: 16081: 16071:(in Valencian), 16070: 16055: 16049: 16043: 16037: 16031: 16022: 16016: 16010: 16004: 15998: 15992: 15986: 15984: 15965: 15959: 15953: 15947: 15941: 15935: 15929: 15923: 15917: 15911: 15905: 15896: 15890: 15884: 15878: 15872: 15871: 15853: 15847: 15841: 15835: 15829: 15823: 15817: 15811: 15805: 15799: 15793: 15782: 15776: 15770: 15764: 15758: 15752: 15746: 15740: 15731: 15725: 15714: 15708: 15689: 15683: 15674: 15668: 15659: 15653: 15647: 15644: 15638: 15632: 15605: 15599: 15564: 15563: 15548: 15542: 15541: 15536:. Archived from 15524: 15518: 15515: 15509: 15508: 15506: 15504: 15485: 15479: 15478: 15476: 15474: 15454: 15448: 15444: 15406: 15404: 15402: 15397:on 14 April 2005 15393:. Archived from 15383: 15365: 15347: 15338: 15336: 15334: 15328: 15322:. Archived from 15321: 15314: 15296: 15286: 15277: 15276: 15274: 15272: 15253: 15247: 15246: 15244: 15242: 15222: 15216: 15215: 15213: 15211: 15183: 15177: 15176: 15166: 15155: 15149: 15148: 15146: 15139: 15124: 15118: 15105: 15099: 15098: 15097: 15095: 15089: 15083:, archived from 15078: 15068: 15062: 15061: 15059: 15057: 15038: 15032: 15026: 15020: 15014: 15008: 15005: 14999: 14998: 14980: 14974: 14967: 14961: 14959: 14953: 14947: 14940: 14934: 14932: 14926: 14919: 14910: 14908: 14902: 14895: 14886: 14880: 14865: 14859: 14850: 14844: 14835: 14834: 14814: 14808: 14802: 14787: 14781: 14766: 14760: 14723: 14722: 14704: 14698: 14697: 14695: 14693: 14670: 14664: 14663: 14661: 14659: 14640: 14634: 14633: 14631: 14624: 14615: 14609: 14608: 14606: 14604: 14585: 14579: 14578: 14576: 14574: 14554: 14548: 14547: 14542:. Archived from 14532: 14526: 14525: 14523: 14521: 14502: 14496: 14495: 14493: 14491: 14472: 14466: 14465: 14463: 14461: 14446: 14440: 14439: 14437: 14435: 14426:. Archived from 14415: 14409: 14408: 14406: 14404: 14384: 14378: 14372: 14357: 14356: 14354: 14352: 14324: 14318: 14317: 14315: 14313: 14279: 14247: 14241: 14240: 14238: 14223: 14214: 14208: 14207: 14205: 14203: 14184: 14178: 14177: 14175: 14173: 14154: 14148: 14147: 14121: 14115: 14114: 14112: 14110: 14082: 14076: 14075: 14073: 14071: 14051: 14045: 14039: 14016: 14010: 14004: 14003: 13985: 13979: 13978: 13976: 13974: 13965:. Archived from 13956: 13954: 13952: 13943:. Archived from 13933: 13927: 13921: 13915: 13914: 13912: 13910: 13882: 13876: 13875: 13873: 13866: 13857: 13851: 13850: 13848: 13841: 13832: 13826: 13825: 13823: 13816: 13804: 13798: 13797: 13779: 13770: 13769: 13757: 13751: 13750: 13748: 13746: 13737:. Archived from 13731: 13725: 13724: 13706: 13700: 13699: 13681: 13675: 13674: 13656: 13650: 13636: 13630: 13629: 13611: 13605: 13599: 13593: 13587: 13574: 13568: 13562: 13556: 13545: 13544:, pp. 9–18. 13539: 13533: 13527: 13521: 13520: 13518: 13516: 13510: 13503: 13494: 13481: 13480: 13478: 13476: 13457: 13451: 13450: 13448: 13446: 13431: 13425: 13419: 13413: 13407: 13401: 13395: 13362: 13356: 13345: 13344: 13342: 13340: 13328:enciclopèdia.cat 13319: 13313: 13312: 13310: 13308: 13302: 13297:. Archived from 13286: 13280: 13274: 13247: 13246: 13244: 13242: 13223: 13217: 13216: 13214: 13212: 13186: 13180: 13179: 13178: 13161: 13135: 13128: 13122: 13115: 13100: 13093: 13087: 13085: 13074: 12947: 12942: 12941: 12933: 12928: 12927: 12926: 12919: 12914: 12913: 12912: 12905: 12900: 12899: 12898: 12891: 12886: 12885: 12884: 12863: 12860: 12846: 12843: 12829: 12826: 12812: 12809: 12795: 12792: 12778: 12775: 12761: 12758: 12744: 12741: 12727: 12724: 12710: 12707: 12693: 12690: 12672: 12669: 12651: 12648: 12634: 12628: 12624: 12584: 12578: 12550: 12544: 12538: 12532: 12523: 12504: 12497: 12490: 12483: 12476: 12460: 12452: 12445: 12437: 12430: 12423: 12411: 12404: 12397: 12390: 12383: 12376: 12364: 12357: 12350: 12343: 12336: 12329: 12316: 12308: 12301: 12293: 12286: 12279: 12267: 12260: 12253: 12246: 12239: 12232: 12220: 12213: 12206: 12199: 12192: 12185: 12173: 12166: 12159: 12152: 12145: 12138: 12126: 12119: 12112: 12105: 12098: 12091: 12079: 12072: 12065: 12058: 12051: 12044: 12031: 12023: 12016: 12008: 12001: 11994: 11981: 11975: 11969: 11963: 11957: 11945: 11933: 11915: 11912: 11905: 11877: 11871: 11865: 11863:m'hi recomanaren 11845: 11827: 11820: 11808: 11801: 11785: 11772: 11765: 11753: 11746: 11731: 11724: 11718: 11697: 11693: 11685: 11679: 11670: 11664: 11658: 11648: 11629: 11622: 11610: 11603: 11583: 11579: 11572: 11565: 11558: 11545: 11539: 11531: 11525: 11517: 11511: 11480: 11476: 11469: 11462: 11449: 11443: 11435: 11429: 11409: 11403: 11400: 11399: 11395: 11389: 11383: 11381:plaça de la vila 11361: 11355: 11349: 11343: 11333: 11327: 11318: 11312: 11306: 11300: 11287: 11281: 11275: 11269: 11263: 11257: 11251: 11245: 11236:Catalan has few 11231: 11219: 11210: 11198: 11183: 11171: 11162: 11150: 11144: 11135: 11123: 11114: 11102: 11089: 11083: 11077: 11067: 11061: 11055: 11018: 11003: 10983: 10981:("indifferent") 10980: 10972: 10965: 10955: 10940: 10920: 10917: 10909: 10902: 10892: 10877: 10867: 10847: 10844: 10836: 10829: 10819: 10804: 10794: 10774: 10771: 10764: 10761: 10760: 10756: 10630: 10624: 10617: 10610: 10601: 10591: 10581: 10577: 10571: 10567: 10559: 10552: 10546: 10540: 10535: 10525: 10519: 10511: 10504: 10498: 10492: 10487: 10477: 10471: 10463: 10456: 10450: 10444: 10439: 10429: 10423: 10415: 10408: 10402: 10396: 10391: 10381: 10375: 10369: 10362: 10358: 10352: 10348: 10342: 10338: 10330: 10324: 10318: 10312: 10302: 10296: 10290: 10279: 10273: 10265: 10258: 10252: 10246: 10241: 10231: 10225: 10218: 10214: 10208: 10204: 10196: 10189: 10183: 10177: 10172: 10155: 10151: 10145: 10136: 10126: 10117: 10107: 10101: 10092: 10086: 10076: 10069: 10065: 10058: 10054: 10047: 10042: 10032: 10024: 10016: 10009: 10003: 9997: 9992: 9978: 9971: 9966: 9956: 9949: 9945: 9939: 9929: 9922: 9917: 9907: 9899: 9894: 9884: 9874: 9864: 9856: 9848: 9841: 9835: 9829: 9824: 9814: 9807: 9802: 9785: 9781: 9740: 9739: 9733: 9732: 9722: 9721: 9715: 9714: 9704: 9703: 9693: 9692: 9686: 9685: 9675: 9674: 9668: 9667: 9657: 9656: 9646: 9645: 9632: 9631: 9623: 9622: 9614: 9613: 9605: 9604: 9596: 9595: 9587: 9586: 9578: 9577: 9569: 9568: 9560: 9559: 9551: 9550: 9542: 9541: 9533: 9532: 9524: 9523: 9515: 9514: 9506: 9505: 9497: 9496: 9488: 9487: 9479: 9478: 9470: 9469: 9461: 9460: 9452: 9451: 9443: 9442: 9434: 9433: 9425: 9424: 9416: 9415: 9407: 9406: 9395: 9394: 9384: 9366: 9360: 9337: 9322: 9304: 9289: 9274: 9253: 9249: 9245:word-compounding 9239: 9226: 9216: 9185:written language 9163: 9097: 9080:Balearic islands 9072:Valencian people 8999: 8968: 8962: 8956: 8950: 8944: 8938: 8932: 8926: 8920: 8914: 8911: 8905: 8899: 8893: 8887: 8881: 8868: 8862: 8856: 8850: 8844: 8838: 8825: 8819: 8813: 8807: 8801: 8795: 8789: 8783: 8777: 8771: 8765: 8759: 8753: 8747: 8743: 8739: 8733: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8715: 8709: 8703: 8687: 8680: 8668: 8661: 8649: 8642: 8630: 8623: 8611: 8604: 8592: 8585: 8573: 8566: 8554: 8547: 8535: 8528: 8516: 8509: 8497: 8490: 8478: 8471: 8459: 8452: 8434: 8430: 8402: 8395: 8388: 8381: 8374: 8367:Western Catalan 8362: 8355: 8348: 8341: 8334: 8327:Eastern Catalan 8304: 8300: 8284: 8278: 8270: 8263: 8257: 8245: 8238: 8232: 8226: 8220: 8211: 8205: 8199: 8193: 8187: 8181: 8167: 8160: 8154: 8147: 8141: 8134: 8127: 8120: 8110: 8103: 8096: 8089: 8082: 8075: 8062: 8055: 8048: 8041: 8034: 8019: 8012: 8005: 7998: 7991: 7950: 7946: 7943: 7938:(Balearic), and 7937: 7931: 7923: 7917: 7908: 7902: 7896: 7890: 7884: 7878: 7870: 7864: 7847: 7844: 7826: 7819: 7798: 7791: 7769: 7762: 7735: 7727: 7720: 7704: 7697: 7675: 7668: 7649: 7642: 7602: 7598: 7589: 7584: 7578: 7569: 7564: 7558: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7533: 7524: 7519: 7513: 7478: 7474: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7391: 7389: 7385: 7381: 7376: 7373: 7372: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7357: 7354:in Balearic and 7353: 7349: 7345: 7341: 7322: 7318: 7314: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7284: 7280: 7276: 7265: 7257: 7241: 7198:Balearic islands 7063: 7059: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6941: 6892:Catalan dialects 6838:sociolinguistics 6832:Sociolinguistics 6811: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6788: 6781:, in which case 6776: 6768: 6760: 6748: 6744: 6737: 6729: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6706: 6702: 6694: 6690: 6682: 6678: 6670: 6666: 6658: 6647: 6636: 6620: 6614: 6602: 6586: 6566: 6548: 6541: 6528: 6523: 6516: 6501: 6489: 6482: 6474: 6462: 6455: 6448: 6441: 6430: 6418: 6411: 6398: 6391: 6384: 6371: 6361: 6355: 6348: 6341: 6330: 6325: 6319: 6312: 6305: 6294: 6284: 6277: 6270: 6263: 6222: 6218: 6185: 6178: 6171:("little thing") 6170: 6163: 6155: 6148: 6140: 6133: 6125: 6118: 6096: 6090: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6064: 6056: 6040: 6002: 5996: 5974: 5959: 5953: 5942:diphthongization 5928: 5924: 5795: 5695: 5547: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5376:Balearic Islands 5331: 5330: 5281:and 5.1 million 5240: 5214: 5181: 5173:Balearic Islands 5150: 5136: 5114: 5089: 5053: 5045: 5011: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4959:Balearic Islands 4946: 4937: 4926: 4915: 4871: 4863: 4859: 4777: 4708: 4698: 4694: 4688: 4684: 4674: 4671:'edge, border', 4670: 4664: 4660: 4654: 4650: 4644: 4640: 4634: 4630: 4624: 4620: 4614: 4610: 4604: 4600: 4594: 4587: 4581: 4577: 4571: 4563: 4555: 4551: 4545: 4541: 4535: 4531: 4525: 4521: 4515: 4511: 4505: 4494: 4488: 4482: 4476: 4470: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4438: 4410:"woman or wife" 4273:"to put to bed" 4233: 4229: 4224: 4215: 4207: 4201: 4193: 4183: 4175: 4168: 4159: 4150: 4143: 4134: 4120: 4113: 4105: 4098: 4090: 4083: 4074: 4065: 4058: 4049: 4035: 4028: 4021: 4013: 4006: 3997: 3988: 3979: 3970: 3956: 3949: 3941: 3934: 3925: 3916: 3907: 3898: 3889: 3881: 3867: 3860: 3850: 3842: 3835: 3826: 3817: 3808: 3799: 3791: 3777: 3770: 3760: 3753: 3744: 3735: 3726: 3717: 3703: 3696: 3689: 3681: 3674: 3665: 3656: 3649: 3641: 3632: 3618: 3609: 3602: 3595: 3586: 3577: 3568: 3559: 3545: 3538: 3523: 3512: 3505: 3498: 3491: 3484: 3470: 3461: 3452: 3442: 3433: 3425: 3415: 3407: 3393: 3387: 3381: 3372: 3364: 3357: 3351: 3342: 3333: 3324: 3317: 3308: 3294: 3287: 3281: 3274: 3266: 3259: 3253: 3246: 3239: 3232: 3226: 3217: 3203: 3196: 3187: 3178: 3171: 3164: 3157: 3150: 3136: 3127: 3120: 3113: 3104: 3095: 3086: 3077: 3063: 3054: 3044: 3036: 3029: 3020: 3011: 3002: 2994: 2985: 2977: 2963: 2956: 2946: 2936: 2927: 2918: 2911: 2902: 2894: 2880: 2873: 2865: 2858: 2850: 2843: 2834: 2825: 2816: 2808: 2799: 2785: 2778: 2771: 2764: 2755: 2746: 2737: 2728: 2714: 2705: 2697: 2690: 2683: 2674: 2665: 2658: 2649: 2635: 2628: 2622: 2615: 2608: 2601: 2594: 2587: 2579: 2572: 2558: 2551: 2543: 2536: 2528: 2521: 2512: 2502: 2494: 2485: 2471: 2462: 2455: 2448: 2439: 2430: 2421: 2412: 2398: 2391: 2382: 2373: 2366: 2359: 2352: 2345: 2331: 2320: 2313: 2306: 2297: 2288: 2281: 2272: 2212: 2202: 2175:Franco-Provençal 2103:Occitan language 2087:Occitano-Romance 2069:Catalan language 1994:Balearic islands 1960: 1783: 1683:French Catalonia 1645:Ayguatébia-Talau 1528:Crown of Castile 1510:. But after the 1413:Balearic Islands 1409:Land of Valencia 1327: 1324: 1315:Fragment of the 1270: 1265: 1251: 1245: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1180: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1162: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1123: 1082: 1076: 1062: 1006:Balearic Islands 991: 949: 940:Region of Murcia 908: 887:Balearic Islands 860: 839: 820: 773: 765: 752: 746: 740: 736: 734: 725: 711: 695: 688: 679: 678: 670: 661: 660: 652: 613:Region of Murcia 575:language in 547:Balearic Islands 500: 484:Catalan alphabet 475: 458: 308:Occitano-Romance 259: 204: 202: 142: 138: 131: 127: 123: 117: 113: 109: 105: 93: 87: 70: 69: 22902: 22901: 22897: 22896: 22895: 22893: 22892: 22891: 22867: 22866: 22865: 22860: 22859: 22854: 22853: 22848: 22827: 22785: 22779: 22765:Northern Cyprus 22747: 22741: 22635:North Macedonia 22456: 22451: 22421: 22416: 22415: 22414: 22409: 22405: 22395: 22381: 22362: 22342: 22328:Austrian German 22316: 22307: 22266: 22257:Calabrian Greek 22230: 22197: 22183:Natisone Valley 22168:Inner Carniolan 22131: 22122: 22091: 22084: 22079: 22077: 22063: 22054: 22047: 22040: 22004: 21968: 21936: 21930: 21921: 21907: 21900: 21882: 21873: 21866: 21862:Eastern Lombard 21852: 21843: 21836: 21829: 21822: 21815: 21806: 21799: 21792: 21783: 21776: 21769: 21762: 21755: 21746: 21739: 21730: 21723: 21719:Western Lombard 21705: 21649: 21640: 21617: 21586: 21572: 21554: 21523: 21487: 21465: 21459: 21450: 21436: 21413: 21399:Southern Latian 21384: 21365:Castelmezzanese 21341: 21305: 21287: 21256: 21189: 21179: 21177: 21147: 21142: 21132: 21116: 21035: 20911: 20895: 20885: 20883: 20853: 20848: 20832: 20806: 20768: 20701: 20645: 20639: 20614: 20567: 20561: 20540: 20535: 20500: 20492: 20487: 20486: 20481: 20472: and 20440: 20350:(Roussillonese) 20343:Central Catalan 20329: 20243: 20232: 20226:Països Catalans 20205: 20196: 20166: 20161: 20126:Other varieties 20121: 20080:Western Catalan 20047:Eastern Catalan 20025: 20007:Central Occitan 20002: 19998:and Waldensian) 19957: 19952: 19922: 19917: 19884: 19868: 19846:Pannonian Latin 19832:African Romance 19815: 19768: 19699: 19692: 19630:Judeo-Provençal 19503: 19492: 19469: 19418: 19328:Chilean Chilote 19270: 19156: 19097: 19093: 19090: 19079: 19067:Moselle Romance 19034: 18883:Missouri French 18844:Franco-Ontarian 18719: 18708: 18701: 18441: 18406: 18383:Southern Latian 18286: 18251:Maltese Italian 18183:Central Italian 18167: 18160: 18155:Common Romanian 18071: 18055:Italo-Dalmatian 18033: 18023: 17988: 17975: 17900:Wayback Machine 17862:Wayback Machine 17810:Wayback Machine 17756: 17745: 17739: 17736: 17717: 17708:This article's 17704: 17700: 17693: 17688: 17682: 17660: 17658: 17651: 17625: 17623: 17616: 17586: 17559: 17529: 17481: 17448: 17446: 17378: 17377: 17344: 17325: 17273: 17271: 17228: 17226: 17219: 17195: 17193: 17186: 17165: 17143: 17141: 17134: 17113: 17082: 17080: 17073: 17041: 17040: 17018: 16999: 16977: 16975: 16955: 16930: 16928: 16910: 16891: 16869: 16867: 16860: 16836: 16834: 16816: 16795: 16776: 16758: 16686: 16667: 16646: 16644: 16629: 16624: 16623: 16615: 16608: 16603: 16599: 16591: 16584: 16576: 16572: 16562: 16560: 16547: 16546: 16542: 16534: 16530: 16525: 16521: 16513: 16509: 16501: 16497: 16489: 16485: 16477: 16462: 16454: 16443: 16436: 16420: 16416: 16408: 16401: 16393: 16358: 16348: 16346: 16331: 16327: 16310: 16309: 16305: 16295: 16293: 16280: 16279: 16275: 16266: 16262: 16257:Wayback Machine 16247: 16243: 16238:Wayback Machine 16228: 16224: 16219: 16215: 16207: 16200: 16185: 16171: 16167: 16159: 16155: 16147: 16143: 16135: 16131: 16123: 16114: 16106: 16102: 16098:, pp. 2–3. 16094: 16087: 16079: 16068: 16057: 16056: 16052: 16044: 16040: 16032: 16025: 16017: 16013: 16005: 16001: 15995:Feldhausen 2010 15993: 15989: 15981: 15966: 15962: 15954: 15950: 15942: 15938: 15930: 15926: 15918: 15914: 15906: 15899: 15891: 15887: 15879: 15875: 15868: 15854: 15850: 15842: 15838: 15830: 15826: 15818: 15814: 15806: 15802: 15794: 15785: 15777: 15773: 15765: 15761: 15753: 15749: 15741: 15734: 15726: 15717: 15709: 15692: 15684: 15677: 15669: 15662: 15654: 15650: 15645: 15641: 15635:Feldhausen 2010 15633: 15608: 15600: 15567: 15550: 15549: 15545: 15540:on 16 May 2015. 15526: 15525: 15521: 15516: 15512: 15502: 15500: 15487: 15486: 15482: 15472: 15470: 15455: 15451: 15434:Wayback Machine 15421:Wayback Machine 15400: 15398: 15389: 15373:Wayback Machine 15355:Wayback Machine 15332: 15330: 15326: 15319: 15315: 15304:Wayback Machine 15287: 15280: 15270: 15268: 15255: 15254: 15250: 15240: 15238: 15223: 15219: 15209: 15207: 15184: 15180: 15164: 15156: 15152: 15144: 15137: 15126: 15125: 15121: 15115:Wayback Machine 15106: 15102: 15093: 15091: 15087: 15076: 15070: 15069: 15065: 15055: 15053: 15040: 15039: 15035: 15031:, p. 3046. 15027: 15023: 15015: 15011: 15006: 15002: 14995: 14968: 14964: 14941: 14937: 14920: 14913: 14896: 14889: 14881: 14868: 14860: 14853: 14845: 14838: 14831: 14815: 14811: 14803: 14790: 14784:Feldhausen 2010 14782: 14769: 14761: 14726: 14719: 14705: 14701: 14691: 14689: 14687: 14671: 14667: 14657: 14655: 14642: 14641: 14637: 14629: 14622: 14616: 14612: 14602: 14600: 14587: 14586: 14582: 14572: 14570: 14555: 14551: 14534: 14533: 14529: 14519: 14517: 14504: 14503: 14499: 14489: 14487: 14474: 14473: 14469: 14459: 14457: 14448: 14447: 14443: 14433: 14431: 14416: 14412: 14402: 14400: 14385: 14381: 14373: 14360: 14350: 14348: 14341: 14325: 14321: 14311: 14309: 14248: 14244: 14236: 14221: 14215: 14211: 14201: 14199: 14186: 14185: 14181: 14171: 14169: 14156: 14155: 14151: 14136: 14122: 14118: 14108: 14106: 14099: 14083: 14079: 14069: 14067: 14052: 14048: 14040: 14019: 14011: 14007: 14000: 13986: 13982: 13972: 13970: 13969:on 9 March 2011 13957: 13950: 13948: 13935: 13934: 13930: 13922: 13918: 13908: 13906: 13899: 13883: 13879: 13871: 13864: 13858: 13854: 13846: 13839: 13833: 13829: 13821: 13814: 13806: 13805: 13801: 13794: 13780: 13773: 13758: 13754: 13744: 13742: 13741:on 19 July 2008 13733: 13732: 13728: 13721: 13707: 13703: 13696: 13682: 13678: 13671: 13657: 13653: 13647:Wayback Machine 13637: 13633: 13626: 13612: 13608: 13600: 13596: 13588: 13577: 13569: 13565: 13557: 13548: 13540: 13536: 13528: 13524: 13514: 13512: 13508: 13501: 13495: 13484: 13474: 13472: 13459: 13458: 13454: 13444: 13442: 13433: 13432: 13428: 13420: 13416: 13408: 13404: 13400:, pp. 6–7. 13396: 13365: 13357: 13348: 13338: 13336: 13321: 13320: 13316: 13306: 13304: 13287: 13283: 13275: 13250: 13240: 13238: 13225: 13224: 13220: 13210: 13208: 13187: 13183: 13173: 13162: 13149: 13144: 13139: 13138: 13129: 13125: 13119:Iberian Romance 13116: 13109: 13104: 13103: 13094: 13090: 13075: 13071: 13066: 13061: 13013:Lawrence Venuti 13003:Martí de Riquer 12988:Marina Abràmova 12971:Òmnium Cultural 12945:Language portal 12943: 12936: 12929: 12924: 12922: 12915: 12910: 12908: 12901: 12896: 12894: 12887: 12882: 12880: 12877: 12613: 12597: 12591: 12563: 12557: 12461: 12453: 12438: 12317: 12309: 12294: 12032: 12024: 12009: 11950:Past participle 11904: 11851:T–V distinction 11837: 11692: 11406: 11368: 11115:("insane") vs. 10975: 10912: 10839: 10745: 10646: 10644:Catalan grammar 10640: 10619: 10612: 10602: 10595: 10580:feminine plural 10579: 10569: 10554:corresponds to 10553: 10506:corresponds to 10505: 10472:("language") - 10458:corresponds to 10457: 10410:corresponds to 10409: 10364: 10361:feminine plural 10360: 10350: 10340: 10307:corresponds to 10306: 10305:are pronounced 10304: 10260:corresponds to 10259: 10220: 10217:feminine-plural 10216: 10206: 10191:corresponds to 10190: 10071: 10067: 10048: 9637:Modified forms 9393: 9349: 9340:"robin" (bird) 9196:The process of 9194: 9177:Roís de Corella 9169: 9161: 9154:Central Catalan 9149: 9144: 9099: 9095: 9088:Crown of Aragon 9028: 9026:Anti-Catalanism 9012:Main articles: 9010: 8745: 8741: 8717: 8713:francés, anglés 8707:francès, anglès 8701: 8421: 8413:Main articles: 8411: 8296:Central Catalan 8291: 8272: 8251: 8118: 8073: 7959:Western Catalan 7956:Eastern Catalan 7925: 7872: 7857: 7848: 7842: 7839: 7832:needs expansion 7817: 7808: 7805: 7802: 7793: 7782: 7779: 7776: 7773: 7764: 7754: 7748: 7745: 7742: 7739: 7729: 7722: 7711: 7708: 7699: 7688: 7685: 7682: 7679: 7670: 7659: 7656: 7653: 7644: 7634: 7610: 7608: 7309:Western Catalan 7271:Eastern Catalan 7260:vowel reduction 7244:Western Romance 7232: 7227: 7160:, Provinces of 7075:Eastern Catalan 7070:Western Catalan 6973:Central Catalan 6899: 6894: 6888: 6850: 6834: 6829: 6823: 6751:that of Spanish 6732:palato-alveolar 6235: 6217: 6208: 6205: 6202: 6199: 6196: 6192: 6180: 6165: 6150: 6135: 6120: 6110: 6093: 6070:Central Catalan 6059:vowel reduction 6043:Western Romance 6020: 6007:Central Catalan 5931:Western Romance 5915: 5909: 5793: 5791:Native language 5693: 5545: 5279:native speakers 5264: 5126: 5016:sovereign state 4972:Països Catalans 4962: 4961: 4956: 4949: 4944: 4940: 4935: 4933: 4929: 4924: 4922: 4918: 4913: 4911: 4907: 4902: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4858: 4852: 4847: 4696: 4686: 4675:'sawfish' > 4672: 4662: 4652: 4642: 4632: 4622: 4612: 4602: 4592: 4579: 4569: 4561: 4553: 4543: 4533: 4524:de-ex-somnitare 4523: 4513: 4503: 4436: 4291: 2205: 2151:Iberian Romance 2120: 2021: 1884: 1743:French language 1735: 1733:Anti-Catalanism 1721: 1677:settled around 1667: 1629: 1566: 1524:Crown of Aragon 1492: 1487: 1481: 1464:Tirant lo Blanc 1448:Crown of Aragon 1432:Low Middle Ages 1390:macaronic Latin 1359: 1349: 1325: 1296: 1290: 1228: 1224: 1189: 1185: 1178: 1164: 1137: 1133: 1089:March of Gothia 1016:, touching the 988:Països Catalans 973: 967: 946:Països Catalans 826: 809: 787:Without proper 775: 774: 768: 756: 754: 750: 748: 744: 742: 738: 721: 707: 691: 684: 674: 673: 666: 656: 655: 648: 635: 622: 576: 574: 524: 518: 511:Official status 501: 496: 489:Catalan Braille 487: 476: 471: 435:(Roussillonese) 407: 384: 377: 342: 335: 295:Western Romance 275:Latino-Faliscan 260: 257:Language family 255: 248: 243: 231: 198: 183:Southern Europe 174: 133: 88: 66: 52: 47: 46: 45: 44: 43: 42: 26: 12: 11: 5: 22900: 22890: 22889: 22884: 22879: 22862: 22861: 22856: 22855: 22850: 22849: 22847: 22846: 22841: 22839:European Union 22835: 22833: 22832:Other entities 22829: 22828: 22826: 22825: 22820: 22815: 22810: 22805: 22800: 22795: 22789: 22787: 22786:other entities 22781: 22780: 22778: 22777: 22772: 22767: 22762: 22757: 22751: 22749: 22743: 22742: 22740: 22739: 22734: 22733: 22732: 22727: 22722: 22717: 22710:United Kingdom 22707: 22702: 22697: 22692: 22687: 22682: 22677: 22672: 22667: 22662: 22657: 22652: 22647: 22642: 22637: 22632: 22627: 22622: 22617: 22612: 22607: 22602: 22597: 22592: 22587: 22582: 22577: 22575: 22570: 22565: 22560: 22555: 22550: 22545: 22540: 22535: 22530: 22525: 22523:Czech Republic 22520: 22515: 22510: 22505: 22500: 22495: 22490: 22485: 22480: 22475: 22470: 22464: 22462: 22458: 22457: 22450: 22449: 22442: 22435: 22427: 22418: 22417: 22413: 22412: 22402: 22401: 22400: 22397: 22396: 22394: 22393: 22388: 22387: 22386: 22374: 22369: 22368: 22367: 22364:Italian Hebrew 22354: 22352: 22348: 22347: 22344: 22343: 22341: 22340: 22335: 22330: 22324: 22322: 22318: 22317: 22315: 22314: 22313: 22312: 22309:South Tyrolean 22300: 22295: 22289: 22287: 22278: 22272: 22271: 22268: 22267: 22265: 22264: 22259: 22253: 22251: 22242: 22236: 22235: 22232: 22231: 22229: 22228: 22223: 22218: 22213: 22207: 22205: 22203:Serbo-Croatian 22199: 22198: 22196: 22195: 22190: 22185: 22180: 22175: 22170: 22165: 22160: 22154: 22152: 22143: 22137: 22136: 22133: 22132: 22130: 22129: 22128: 22127: 22114: 22112: 22103: 22093: 22092: 22090: 22089: 22074: 22072: 22069: 22068: 22065: 22064: 22062: 22061: 22060: 22059: 22052: 22045: 22033: 22027: 22025: 22023:Rhaeto-Romance 22016: 22014:Rhaeto-Romance 22010: 22009: 22006: 22005: 22003: 22002: 21997: 21991: 21989: 21980: 21974: 21973: 21970: 21969: 21967: 21966: 21961: 21956: 21951: 21946: 21940: 21938: 21932: 21931: 21929: 21928: 21927: 21926: 21914: 21913: 21912: 21905: 21892: 21890: 21884: 21883: 21881: 21880: 21879: 21878: 21871: 21859: 21858: 21857: 21850: 21849: 21848: 21841: 21834: 21820: 21813: 21812: 21811: 21797: 21790: 21789: 21788: 21781: 21774: 21767: 21753: 21752: 21751: 21737: 21736: 21735: 21715: 21713: 21707: 21706: 21704: 21703: 21698: 21693: 21688: 21683: 21678: 21672: 21670: 21661: 21655: 21654: 21651: 21650: 21648: 21647: 21646: 21645: 21633: 21627: 21625: 21619: 21618: 21616: 21615: 21609: 21607: 21598: 21592: 21591: 21588: 21587: 21585: 21584: 21579: 21578: 21577: 21564: 21562: 21556: 21555: 21553: 21552: 21546: 21544: 21535: 21529: 21528: 21525: 21524: 21522: 21521: 21516: 21510: 21508: 21499: 21493: 21492: 21489: 21488: 21486: 21485: 21480: 21475: 21469: 21467: 21461: 21460: 21458: 21457: 21456: 21455: 21443: 21442: 21441: 21429: 21423: 21421: 21415: 21414: 21412: 21411: 21406: 21401: 21396: 21391: 21390: 21389: 21377: 21372: 21367: 21362: 21357: 21351: 21349: 21343: 21342: 21340: 21339: 21334: 21329: 21324: 21319: 21313: 21311: 21307: 21306: 21304: 21303: 21297: 21295: 21289: 21288: 21286: 21285: 21279: 21277: 21268: 21258: 21257: 21194: 21191: 21190: 21176: 21175: 21168: 21161: 21153: 21144: 21143: 21137: 21134: 21133: 21131: 21130: 21124: 21122: 21118: 21117: 21115: 21114: 21109: 21104: 21099: 21094: 21089: 21084: 21079: 21074: 21069: 21064: 21059: 21054: 21049: 21043: 21041: 21037: 21036: 21034: 21033: 21028: 20998: 20993: 20988: 20983: 20978: 20973: 20970:French Flemish 20966: 20961: 20951: 20946: 20932: 20931: 20930: 20919: 20917: 20913: 20912: 20910: 20909: 20903: 20901: 20897: 20896: 20882: 20881: 20874: 20867: 20859: 20850: 20849: 20847: 20846: 20840: 20838: 20834: 20833: 20831: 20830: 20825: 20820: 20814: 20812: 20811:Sign languages 20808: 20807: 20805: 20804: 20801: 20798: 20793: 20790: 20784: 20782: 20781:Standard forms 20778: 20777: 20774: 20773: 20770: 20769: 20767: 20766: 20760: 20755: 20750: 20745: 20740: 20735: 20730: 20725: 20720: 20715: 20709: 20707: 20703: 20702: 20700: 20699: 20694: 20689: 20684: 20679: 20674: 20669: 20664: 20659: 20653: 20647: 20641: 20640: 20638: 20637: 20628: 20622: 20620: 20616: 20615: 20613: 20612: 20611: 20610: 20598: 20593: 20584: 20578: 20576: 20569: 20563: 20562: 20560: 20559: 20548: 20546: 20542: 20541: 20534: 20533: 20526: 20519: 20511: 20505: 20502: 20501: 20489: 20488: 20483: 20482: 20480: 20479: 20465: 20457: 20448: 20446: 20442: 20441: 20439: 20438: 20435:Judaeo-Catalan 20432: 20426: 20425: 20424: 20423: 20422: 20421: 20414: 20407: 20395: 20385: 20384: 20383: 20378: 20373: 20363: 20362: 20361: 20351: 20345: 20339: 20337: 20331: 20330: 20328: 20327: 20326: 20325: 20324: 20323: 20311: 20306: 20293: 20292: 20291: 20286: 20276: 20275: 20274: 20269: 20264: 20253: 20251: 20245: 20244: 20235: 20233: 20231: 20230: 20221: 20216: 20210: 20207: 20206: 20195: 20194: 20187: 20180: 20172: 20163: 20162: 20160: 20159: 20154: 20151:Judaeo-Catalan 20148: 20142: 20136: 20129: 20127: 20123: 20122: 20120: 20119: 20114: 20098: 20097: 20096: 20089: 20082: 20077: 20070: 20063: 20056: 20049: 20044: 20033: 20031: 20027: 20026: 20024: 20023: 20010: 20008: 20004: 20003: 20001: 20000: 19988: 19976: 19971: 19965: 19963: 19959: 19958: 19951: 19950: 19943: 19936: 19928: 19919: 19918: 19916: 19915: 19908: 19899: 19889: 19886: 19885: 19883: 19882: 19876: 19874: 19870: 19869: 19867: 19866: 19865: 19864: 19859: 19849: 19842: 19835: 19827: 19825: 19821: 19820: 19817: 19816: 19814: 19813: 19812: 19811: 19806: 19801: 19796: 19785: 19776: 19774: 19770: 19769: 19767: 19766: 19765: 19764: 19759: 19754: 19749: 19744: 19734: 19733: 19732: 19727: 19717: 19716: 19715: 19704: 19702: 19694: 19693: 19691: 19690: 19689: 19688: 19687: 19686: 19672: 19671: 19670: 19665: 19655: 19654: 19653: 19643: 19638: 19633: 19626: 19625: 19624: 19617: 19612: 19607: 19597: 19587: 19586: 19585: 19584: 19583: 19578: 19570: 19565: 19562:Judaeo-Catalan 19558: 19557: 19556: 19551: 19546: 19545: 19544: 19539: 19529: 19521: 19508: 19506: 19498: 19497: 19494: 19493: 19491: 19490: 19484: 19477: 19475: 19471: 19470: 19468: 19467: 19466: 19465: 19451: 19446: 19445: 19444: 19434: 19426: 19424: 19420: 19419: 19417: 19416: 19409: 19408: 19407: 19402: 19397: 19392: 19391: 19390: 19385: 19380: 19375: 19370: 19369: 19368: 19351: 19350: 19349: 19344: 19343: 19342: 19332: 19331: 19330: 19317:Latin American 19313: 19308: 19296: 19294:Judaeo-Spanish 19291: 19286: 19280: 19278: 19272: 19271: 19269: 19268: 19261: 19260: 19259: 19254: 19249: 19248: 19247: 19235: 19234: 19233: 19221: 19216: 19209: 19197: 19190: 19185: 19184: 19183: 19172: 19166: 19164: 19158: 19157: 19155: 19154: 19147: 19142: 19141: 19140: 19130: 19125: 19124: 19123: 19112: 19110: 19101: 19085: 19084: 19081: 19080: 19078: 19077: 19070: 19063: 19062: 19061: 19056: 19051: 19039: 19036: 19035: 19033: 19032: 19031: 19030: 19025: 19015: 19014: 19013: 19008: 18998: 18993: 18988: 18983: 18982: 18981: 18976: 18971: 18966: 18965: 18964: 18957: 18956: 18955: 18945: 18940: 18923: 18918: 18917: 18916: 18911: 18906: 18896: 18895: 18894: 18887: 18886: 18885: 18880: 18879: 18878: 18868: 18863: 18862: 18861: 18856: 18851: 18846: 18841: 18840: 18839: 18834: 18824: 18819: 18814: 18813: 18812: 18807: 18789: 18784: 18772: 18767: 18762: 18761: 18760: 18755: 18745: 18740: 18735: 18730: 18724: 18722: 18711: 18703: 18702: 18700: 18699: 18698: 18697: 18687: 18680: 18679: 18678: 18677: 18676: 18671: 18666: 18665: 18664: 18659: 18654: 18644: 18639: 18634: 18633: 18632: 18627: 18622: 18617: 18607: 18602: 18601: 18600: 18585: 18584: 18583: 18578: 18563: 18558: 18557: 18556: 18551: 18546: 18541: 18536: 18531: 18521: 18516: 18511: 18506: 18505: 18504: 18503: 18502: 18497: 18487: 18486: 18485: 18480: 18464: 18462: 18453: 18447: 18446: 18443: 18442: 18440: 18439: 18437:Judaeo-Italian 18434: 18433: 18432: 18427: 18414: 18412: 18408: 18407: 18405: 18404: 18403: 18402: 18397: 18396: 18395: 18390: 18385: 18380: 18375: 18374: 18373: 18363: 18358: 18353: 18348: 18331: 18330: 18329: 18328: 18327: 18317: 18316: 18315: 18305: 18294: 18292: 18288: 18287: 18285: 18284: 18283: 18282: 18270: 18265: 18264: 18263: 18258: 18253: 18248: 18236: 18235: 18234: 18224: 18223: 18222: 18217: 18212: 18207: 18206: 18205: 18200: 18195: 18179: 18177: 18170: 18162: 18161: 18159: 18158: 18151: 18150: 18149: 18144: 18139: 18134: 18129: 18124: 18119: 18114: 18109: 18097: 18092: 18090:Istro-Romanian 18087: 18081: 18079: 18073: 18072: 18070: 18069: 18064: 18063: 18062: 18057: 18047: 18041: 18039: 18038:Major branches 18035: 18034: 18030:classification 18022: 18021: 18014: 18007: 17999: 17993: 17990: 17989: 17980: 17977: 17976: 17967: 17966: 17955: 17954: 17939: 17938: 17923: 17922: 17910: 17909: 17903: 17884: 17883: 17877: 17871: 17865: 17852: 17843: 17831: 17830: 17824: 17819: 17813: 17800: 17794: 17782: 17781: 17776: 17771: 17758: 17757: 17712:external links 17707: 17705: 17698: 17692: 17691:External links 17689: 17687: 17686: 17680: 17667: 17649: 17632: 17614: 17599: 17590: 17584: 17563: 17557: 17542: 17533: 17527: 17514: 17502:10.2307/337523 17485: 17479: 17464: 17455: 17435:, ed. (1965). 17429: 17420: 17391: 17348: 17342: 17329: 17323: 17310: 17289: 17280: 17235: 17217: 17202: 17184: 17169: 17163: 17150: 17132: 17117: 17111: 17098: 17089: 17071: 17054: 17031: 17022: 17016: 17003: 16997: 16984: 16959: 16953: 16943:, ed. (1993). 16937: 16914: 16908: 16895: 16890:84-85-194-04-7 16889: 16876: 16858: 16843: 16820: 16814: 16799: 16793: 16780: 16774: 16762: 16756: 16743: 16714: 16699: 16690: 16684: 16671: 16665: 16652: 16630: 16628: 16625: 16622: 16621: 16619:, p. 112. 16606: 16597: 16582: 16570: 16540: 16528: 16519: 16507: 16495: 16483: 16460: 16441: 16435:978-9027289247 16434: 16414: 16399: 16397:, p. 631. 16356: 16325: 16303: 16273: 16260: 16241: 16222: 16213: 16211:, p. 170. 16198: 16183: 16165: 16153: 16141: 16129: 16112: 16100: 16085: 16050: 16038: 16023: 16011: 15999: 15987: 15979: 15960: 15948: 15946:, p. 432. 15936: 15924: 15912: 15910:, p. 145. 15897: 15895:, p. 288. 15885: 15873: 15866: 15848: 15836: 15834:, p. 278. 15824: 15812: 15800: 15783: 15771: 15759: 15747: 15732: 15715: 15690: 15675: 15660: 15648: 15639: 15606: 15604:, p. 630. 15565: 15543: 15519: 15510: 15480: 15465:(in Spanish). 15449: 15447: 15446: 15437: 15424: 15411: 15408: 15376: 15358: 15340: 15307: 15278: 15248: 15217: 15194:(in Spanish). 15178: 15150: 15119: 15100: 15063: 15033: 15021: 15009: 15000: 14993: 14962: 14935: 14911: 14887: 14866: 14851: 14836: 14829: 14809: 14807:, p. 60f. 14805:Schlösser 2005 14788: 14767: 14765:, p. 632. 14724: 14717: 14699: 14685: 14665: 14635: 14610: 14580: 14549: 14527: 14497: 14467: 14441: 14410: 14395:(in Spanish). 14379: 14377:, p. 207. 14358: 14339: 14319: 14262:(3): 669–686. 14242: 14209: 14179: 14149: 14134: 14116: 14097: 14077: 14046: 14017: 14005: 13999:978-2849741078 13998: 13980: 13928: 13916: 13897: 13877: 13852: 13827: 13799: 13792: 13771: 13752: 13726: 13719: 13701: 13694: 13676: 13669: 13651: 13638:Antoni Simon, 13631: 13624: 13606: 13594: 13592:, p. 190. 13575: 13563: 13546: 13534: 13522: 13482: 13452: 13426: 13424:, p. 154. 13414: 13402: 13363: 13346: 13331:(in Catalan). 13314: 13281: 13279:, p. 191. 13248: 13218: 13181: 13146: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13137: 13136: 13123: 13106: 13105: 13102: 13101: 13088: 13068: 13067: 13065: 13062: 13060: 13059: 13054: 13049: 13044: 13039: 13034: 13033: 13032: 13021: 13020: 13016: 13015: 13010: 13005: 13000: 12995: 12990: 12984: 12983: 12979: 12978: 12973: 12968: 12962: 12955: 12954: 12950: 12949: 12948: 12934: 12920: 12906: 12903:Andorra portal 12892: 12876: 12873: 12870: 12869: 12866: 12861: 12853: 12852: 12849: 12844: 12836: 12835: 12832: 12827: 12819: 12818: 12815: 12810: 12802: 12801: 12800:as I grew up. 12798: 12793: 12785: 12784: 12781: 12776: 12768: 12767: 12764: 12759: 12751: 12750: 12747: 12742: 12734: 12733: 12730: 12725: 12717: 12716: 12713: 12708: 12700: 12699: 12696: 12691: 12683: 12682: 12675: 12670: 12658: 12657: 12654: 12649: 12641: 12640: 12637: 12632: 12619:'s 1970 novel 12612: 12609: 12593:Main article: 12590: 12587: 12561:Catalan syntax 12559:Main article: 12556: 12553: 12506: 12505: 12498: 12491: 12484: 12477: 12470: 12467: 12463: 12462: 12454: 12446: 12439: 12431: 12424: 12417: 12413: 12412: 12405: 12398: 12391: 12384: 12377: 12370: 12366: 12365: 12358: 12351: 12344: 12337: 12330: 12323: 12319: 12318: 12310: 12302: 12295: 12287: 12280: 12273: 12269: 12268: 12261: 12254: 12247: 12240: 12233: 12226: 12222: 12221: 12214: 12207: 12200: 12193: 12186: 12179: 12175: 12174: 12167: 12160: 12153: 12146: 12139: 12132: 12128: 12127: 12120: 12113: 12106: 12099: 12092: 12085: 12081: 12080: 12073: 12066: 12059: 12052: 12045: 12038: 12034: 12033: 12025: 12017: 12010: 12002: 11995: 11988: 11984: 11983: 11951: 11947: 11946: 11939: 11935: 11934: 11927: 11923: 11922: 11919: 11903: 11900: 11872:, and Spanish 11833:Main article: 11829: 11828: 11821: 11814: 11810: 11809: 11802: 11795: 11792: 11788: 11787: 11778: 11774: 11773: 11766: 11759: 11755: 11754: 11747: 11740: 11737: 11733: 11732: 11725: 11712: 11708: 11707: 11704: 11701: 11691: 11688: 11635: 11634: 11631: 11630: 11623: 11616: 11612: 11611: 11604: 11597: 11593: 11592: 11589: 11586: 11577: 11574: 11573: 11566: 11559: 11552: 11548: 11547: 11533: 11519: 11505: 11502: 11498: 11497: 11494: 11491: 11487: 11486: 11483: 11474: 11471: 11470: 11463: 11456: 11452: 11451: 11437: 11423: 11419: 11418: 11415: 11412: 11367: 11364: 11234: 11233: 11185: 11137: 11024: 11023: 11020: 11019: 11009: 11005: 11004: 10997: 10993: 10992: 10989: 10986: 10970: 10967: 10966: 10956: 10946: 10942: 10941: 10934: 10930: 10929: 10926: 10923: 10907: 10904: 10903: 10893: 10883: 10879: 10878: 10868: 10861: 10857: 10856: 10853: 10850: 10834: 10831: 10830: 10820: 10810: 10806: 10805: 10795: 10788: 10784: 10783: 10780: 10777: 10744: 10741: 10740: 10739: 10736: 10729: 10699: 10665: 10642:Main article: 10639: 10636: 10633: 10632: 10604: 10592: 10584: 10583: 10561: 10536: 10528: 10527: 10513: 10488: 10480: 10479: 10478:("languages") 10465: 10440: 10432: 10431: 10417: 10392: 10384: 10383: 10376:("to wish") - 10332: 10282: 10281: 10280:("they envy") 10274:("to envy") - 10267: 10242: 10234: 10233: 10198: 10173: 10165: 10164: 10161: 10158: 10148: 10147: 10139: 10137: 10129: 10128: 10120: 10118: 10110: 10109: 10095: 10093: 10079: 10078: 10059: 10055:is pronounced 10043: 10035: 10034: 10026: 10019: 10018: 10010: 9993: 9985: 9984: 9972: 9967: 9959: 9958: 9950: 9946:, but usually 9940: 9932: 9931: 9923: 9918: 9910: 9909: 9901: 9895: 9887: 9886: 9878: 9875: 9867: 9866: 9858: 9851: 9850: 9842: 9825: 9817: 9816: 9808: 9803: 9795: 9794: 9791: 9788: 9757:published the 9744: 9743: 9741: 9725: 9723: 9707: 9705: 9696: 9694: 9678: 9676: 9660: 9658: 9649: 9647: 9638: 9634: 9633: 9624: 9615: 9606: 9597: 9588: 9579: 9570: 9561: 9552: 9543: 9534: 9525: 9516: 9507: 9498: 9489: 9480: 9471: 9462: 9453: 9444: 9435: 9426: 9417: 9408: 9399: 9389:Main article: 9348: 9347:Writing system 9345: 9342: 9341: 9338: 9331: 9327: 9326: 9323: 9313: 9309: 9308: 9305: 9298: 9294: 9293: 9290: 9283: 9279: 9278: 9275: 9268: 9264: 9263: 9260: 9257: 9193: 9192:Word formation 9190: 9168: 9165: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9067: 9009: 9006: 8787:aquest, aqueix 8692: 8691: 8688: 8681: 8673: 8672: 8669: 8662: 8654: 8653: 8650: 8643: 8635: 8634: 8631: 8624: 8616: 8615: 8612: 8605: 8597: 8596: 8593: 8586: 8578: 8577: 8574: 8567: 8559: 8558: 8555: 8548: 8540: 8539: 8536: 8529: 8521: 8520: 8517: 8510: 8502: 8501: 8498: 8491: 8483: 8482: 8479: 8472: 8464: 8463: 8460: 8453: 8445: 8444: 8441: 8438: 8410: 8407: 8404: 8403: 8396: 8389: 8382: 8375: 8368: 8364: 8363: 8356: 8349: 8342: 8335: 8328: 8324: 8323: 8320: 8317: 8314: 8311: 8308: 8290: 8287: 8172: 8171: 8168: 8161: 8148: 8135: 8128: 8121: 8115: 8114: 8111: 8104: 8097: 8090: 8083: 8076: 8071: 8067: 8066: 8063: 8056: 8049: 8042: 8035: 8028: 8024: 8023: 8020: 8013: 8006: 7999: 7992: 7985: 7981: 7980: 7977: 7974: 7971: 7968: 7964: 7963: 7960: 7957: 7954: 7856: 7853: 7850: 7849: 7829: 7827: 7816: 7813: 7810: 7809: 7806: 7803: 7800: 7792:("everything") 7784: 7783: 7780: 7777: 7774: 7771: 7756: 7750: 7749: 7746: 7743: 7740: 7737: 7713: 7712: 7709: 7706: 7690: 7689: 7686: 7683: 7680: 7677: 7676:("pear tree") 7661: 7660: 7657: 7654: 7651: 7650:("ice cream") 7636: 7630: 7629: 7626: 7623: 7619: 7618: 7615: 7612: 7605: 7595: 7594: 7591: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7571: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7551: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7526: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7506: 7505: 7502: 7499: 7496: 7493: 7489: 7488: 7485: 7482: 7472: 7469: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7441: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7413: 7412: 7409: 7406: 7402: 7401: 7398: 7395: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7220: 7219: 7209: 7200: 7195: 7181: 7172: 7154: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7129: 7125: 7124: 7117: 7110: 7103: 7096: 7089: 7082: 7078: 7077: 7072: 7067: 6898: 6895: 6890:Main article: 6887: 6884: 6883: 6882: 6879: 6876: 6866: 6860: 6857: 6849: 6846: 6833: 6830: 6825:Main article: 6822: 6819: 6818: 6817: 6790: 6739: 6708: 6649: 6638: 6616: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6580: 6578: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6560: 6558: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6542: 6535: 6533: 6525: 6524: 6517: 6510: 6508: 6506: 6499: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6483: 6476: 6467: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6449: 6442: 6435: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6412: 6405: 6403: 6395: 6394: 6392: 6385: 6378: 6376: 6369: 6363: 6362: 6349: 6342: 6335: 6327: 6326: 6313: 6306: 6299: 6292: 6286: 6285: 6278: 6271: 6264: 6257: 6251: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6230: 6225: 6216: 6213: 6210: 6209: 6206: 6203: 6200: 6197: 6194: 6193:transcription 6188: 6187: 6179:("everything") 6172: 6157: 6142: 6127: 6112: 6106: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6019: 6016: 5977: 5976: 5969: 5938: 5929:, as in other 5911:Main article: 5908: 5905: 5900: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5883: 5882: 5879: 5876: 5872: 5871: 5868: 5865: 5861: 5860: 5857: 5854: 5850: 5849: 5846: 5843: 5839: 5838: 5835: 5832: 5828: 5827: 5824: 5821: 5817: 5816: 5813: 5810: 5806: 5805: 5802: 5799: 5792: 5789: 5783: 5782: 5779: 5776: 5772: 5771: 5768: 5765: 5761: 5760: 5757: 5754: 5750: 5749: 5746: 5743: 5739: 5738: 5735: 5732: 5728: 5727: 5724: 5721: 5717: 5716: 5713: 5710: 5706: 5705: 5702: 5699: 5692: 5689: 5683: 5682: 5679: 5676: 5673: 5670: 5666: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5653: 5649: 5648: 5645: 5642: 5639: 5636: 5632: 5631: 5628: 5625: 5622: 5619: 5615: 5614: 5611: 5608: 5605: 5602: 5598: 5597: 5594: 5591: 5588: 5585: 5581: 5580: 5577: 5574: 5571: 5568: 5564: 5563: 5560: 5557: 5554: 5551: 5544: 5541: 5540: 5539: 5529: 5516: 5515: 5512: 5509: 5505: 5504: 5501: 5498: 5494: 5493: 5490: 5487: 5480: 5479: 5476: 5473: 5470: 5459: 5458: 5455: 5452: 5449: 5438: 5437: 5434: 5431: 5428: 5417: 5416: 5413: 5410: 5407: 5403: 5402: 5399: 5396: 5393: 5387: 5386: 5383: 5380: 5377: 5373: 5372: 5369: 5366: 5363: 5359: 5358: 5355: 5352: 5349: 5345: 5344: 5341: 5338: 5335: 5314:language shift 5263: 5260: 5257: 5256: 5243:A city in the 5241: 5234: 5229: 5223: 5222: 5215: 5208: 5202: 5201: 5182: 5175: 5169: 5168: 5139:A part of the 5137: 5130: 5123: 5122: 5115: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5090: 5083: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5046: 5043:Catalunya Nord 5039: 5034: 5028: 5027: 5012: 5005: 5002: 4996: 4995: 4992: 4989: 4986: 4964: 4963: 4957: 4950: 4941: 4930: 4919: 4908: 4903: 4896: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4854:Main article: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4711: 4710: 4589: 4412: 4411: 4401: 4393: 4385: 4384: 4374: 4366: 4358: 4357: 4347: 4339: 4331: 4330: 4320: 4312: 4304: 4303: 4293: 4283: 4275: 4274: 4264: 4256: 4248: 4247: 4242: 4239: 4226: 4225: 4216: 4195: 4169: 4160: 4151: 4144: 4135: 4126: 4122: 4121: 4114: 4099: 4084: 4075: 4066: 4059: 4050: 4041: 4037: 4036: 4029: 4022: 4007: 3998: 3989: 3980: 3971: 3962: 3958: 3957: 3950: 3935: 3926: 3917: 3908: 3899: 3890: 3873: 3869: 3868: 3861: 3851: 3836: 3827: 3818: 3809: 3800: 3783: 3779: 3778: 3771: 3761: 3754: 3745: 3736: 3727: 3718: 3709: 3705: 3704: 3697: 3694:apanhar, levar 3690: 3675: 3666: 3657: 3650: 3633: 3624: 3620: 3619: 3610: 3603: 3596: 3587: 3578: 3569: 3560: 3551: 3547: 3546: 3539: 3524: 3513: 3506: 3499: 3492: 3485: 3476: 3472: 3471: 3462: 3453: 3444: 3435: 3426: 3417: 3408: 3399: 3395: 3394: 3373: 3358: 3343: 3334: 3325: 3318: 3309: 3300: 3296: 3295: 3288: 3275: 3260: 3247: 3240: 3233: 3218: 3209: 3205: 3204: 3197: 3188: 3179: 3172: 3165: 3158: 3151: 3142: 3138: 3137: 3128: 3121: 3114: 3105: 3096: 3087: 3078: 3069: 3065: 3064: 3055: 3045: 3030: 3021: 3012: 3003: 2986: 2969: 2965: 2964: 2957: 2947: 2937: 2928: 2919: 2912: 2903: 2886: 2882: 2881: 2874: 2859: 2844: 2835: 2826: 2817: 2800: 2791: 2787: 2786: 2779: 2772: 2765: 2756: 2747: 2738: 2729: 2720: 2716: 2715: 2706: 2691: 2684: 2675: 2666: 2659: 2650: 2641: 2637: 2636: 2629: 2616: 2609: 2602: 2595: 2588: 2573: 2564: 2560: 2559: 2552: 2537: 2522: 2513: 2504: 2495: 2486: 2477: 2473: 2472: 2463: 2456: 2449: 2440: 2431: 2422: 2413: 2404: 2400: 2399: 2392: 2383: 2374: 2367: 2360: 2353: 2346: 2337: 2333: 2332: 2325: 2314: 2307: 2298: 2289: 2282: 2273: 2264: 2260: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2224: 2219: 2216: 2161:) in terms of 2128:Gascon dialect 2119: 2116: 2083: 2082: 2081: 2080: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2072: 2071: 2070: 2020: 2017: 1946:language shift 1883: 1880: 1847:prize (1947), 1845:Joan Martorell 1720: 1717: 1628: 1625: 1565: 1562: 1491: 1488: 1480: 1477: 1415:. The city of 1348: 1345: 1307:(12th century) 1289: 1286: 1240:is pronounced 1083:('Land of the 969:Main article: 966: 963: 926:department of 805: 804: 791:, you may see 777: 776: 767: 766: 758: 757: 749: 743: 737: 735: 727: 726: 719: 713: 712: 705: 697: 696: 689: 681: 680: 671: 663: 662: 653: 645: 644: 643:Language codes 640: 639: 630: 624: 623: 621: 620: 606: 593: 592: 579: 577: 572: 569: 568: 567: 566: 554: 549: 538: 537: 519: 516: 513: 512: 508: 507: 505:Signed Catalan 502: 495: 492: 491: 477: 473:Writing system 470: 467: 466: 465: 464: 459: 454:Judaeo-Catalan 451: 446: 441: 436: 430: 425: 420: 413: 409: 408: 406: 405: 395: 387: 385: 383:Standard forms 382: 379: 378: 376: 375: 374: 373: 372: 371: 370: 369: 345: 343: 340: 337: 336: 334: 333: 332: 331: 330: 329: 328: 327: 326: 325: 324: 323: 322: 321: 320: 319: 318: 317: 316: 315: 299:Gallo-Iberian? 263: 261: 254: 251: 250: 237: 233: 232: 230: 229: 224: 219: 214: 205: 192: 190: 186: 185: 180: 176: 175: 173: 172: 167: 162: 157: 151: 149: 148:Native to 145: 144: 99: 95: 94: 80: 79: 75: 74: 50: 28: 22: 19: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 22899: 22888: 22885: 22883: 22880: 22878: 22875: 22874: 22872: 22845: 22842: 22840: 22837: 22836: 22834: 22830: 22824: 22821: 22819: 22816: 22814: 22811: 22809: 22806: 22804: 22801: 22799: 22798:Faroe Islands 22796: 22794: 22791: 22790: 22788: 22782: 22776: 22773: 22771: 22770:South Ossetia 22768: 22766: 22763: 22761: 22758: 22756: 22753: 22752: 22750: 22744: 22738: 22735: 22731: 22728: 22726: 22723: 22721: 22718: 22716: 22713: 22712: 22711: 22708: 22706: 22703: 22701: 22698: 22696: 22693: 22691: 22688: 22686: 22683: 22681: 22678: 22676: 22673: 22671: 22668: 22666: 22663: 22661: 22658: 22656: 22653: 22651: 22648: 22646: 22643: 22641: 22638: 22636: 22633: 22631: 22628: 22626: 22623: 22621: 22618: 22616: 22613: 22611: 22608: 22606: 22603: 22601: 22598: 22596: 22595:Liechtenstein 22593: 22591: 22588: 22586: 22583: 22581: 22578: 22576: 22574: 22571: 22569: 22566: 22564: 22561: 22559: 22556: 22554: 22551: 22549: 22546: 22544: 22541: 22539: 22536: 22534: 22531: 22529: 22526: 22524: 22521: 22519: 22516: 22514: 22511: 22509: 22506: 22504: 22501: 22499: 22496: 22494: 22491: 22489: 22486: 22484: 22481: 22479: 22476: 22474: 22471: 22469: 22466: 22465: 22463: 22459: 22455: 22448: 22443: 22441: 22436: 22434: 22429: 22428: 22425: 22407: 22403: 22392: 22389: 22384: 22380: 22379: 22378: 22375: 22373: 22370: 22365: 22361: 22360: 22359: 22356: 22355: 22353: 22349: 22339: 22336: 22334: 22331: 22329: 22326: 22325: 22323: 22319: 22310: 22306: 22305: 22304: 22301: 22299: 22296: 22294: 22291: 22290: 22288: 22286: 22282: 22279: 22277: 22273: 22263: 22260: 22258: 22255: 22254: 22252: 22250: 22249:Italiot Greek 22246: 22243: 22241: 22237: 22227: 22224: 22222: 22221:Slavomolisano 22219: 22217: 22214: 22212: 22209: 22208: 22206: 22204: 22200: 22194: 22191: 22189: 22186: 22184: 22181: 22179: 22176: 22174: 22171: 22169: 22166: 22164: 22161: 22159: 22156: 22155: 22153: 22151: 22147: 22144: 22142: 22138: 22125: 22121: 22120: 22119: 22116: 22115: 22113: 22111: 22107: 22104: 22102: 22098: 22094: 22087: 22076: 22057: 22053: 22050: 22046: 22043: 22039: 22038: 22037: 22034: 22032: 22029: 22028: 22026: 22024: 22020: 22017: 22015: 22011: 22001: 21998: 21996: 21993: 21992: 21990: 21988: 21984: 21981: 21979: 21975: 21965: 21962: 21960: 21957: 21955: 21954:Judeo-Italian 21952: 21950: 21947: 21945: 21942: 21941: 21939: 21933: 21924: 21920: 21919: 21918: 21915: 21910: 21906: 21903: 21899: 21898: 21897: 21894: 21893: 21891: 21889: 21885: 21876: 21872: 21869: 21865: 21864: 21863: 21860: 21855: 21851: 21846: 21842: 21839: 21835: 21832: 21828: 21827: 21825: 21821: 21818: 21814: 21809: 21805: 21804: 21802: 21798: 21795: 21791: 21786: 21782: 21779: 21775: 21772: 21768: 21765: 21761: 21760: 21758: 21754: 21749: 21745: 21744: 21742: 21738: 21733: 21729: 21728: 21726: 21722: 21721: 21720: 21717: 21716: 21714: 21712: 21708: 21702: 21699: 21697: 21694: 21692: 21689: 21687: 21684: 21682: 21679: 21677: 21674: 21673: 21671: 21669: 21665: 21662: 21660: 21656: 21643: 21639: 21638: 21637: 21634: 21632: 21629: 21628: 21626: 21624: 21620: 21614: 21611: 21610: 21608: 21606: 21602: 21599: 21597: 21596:Gallo-Romance 21593: 21583: 21580: 21575: 21571: 21570: 21569: 21568:Vivaro-Alpine 21566: 21565: 21563: 21561: 21557: 21551: 21548: 21547: 21545: 21543: 21539: 21536: 21534: 21530: 21520: 21517: 21515: 21512: 21511: 21509: 21507: 21503: 21500: 21498: 21494: 21484: 21481: 21479: 21476: 21474: 21471: 21470: 21468: 21462: 21453: 21449: 21448: 21447: 21444: 21439: 21435: 21434: 21433: 21430: 21428: 21425: 21424: 21422: 21420: 21416: 21410: 21407: 21405: 21402: 21400: 21397: 21395: 21392: 21387: 21383: 21382: 21381: 21378: 21376: 21373: 21371: 21368: 21366: 21363: 21361: 21358: 21356: 21353: 21352: 21350: 21348: 21344: 21338: 21335: 21333: 21330: 21328: 21325: 21323: 21320: 21318: 21315: 21314: 21312: 21308: 21302: 21299: 21298: 21296: 21294: 21290: 21284: 21281: 21280: 21278: 21276: 21272: 21269: 21267: 21266:Italo-Romance 21263: 21259: 21255: 21251: 21247: 21243: 21239: 21235: 21231: 21227: 21223: 21219: 21215: 21211: 21207: 21203: 21199: 21198: 21192: 21188: 21183: 21174: 21169: 21167: 21162: 21160: 21155: 21154: 21151: 21141: 21135: 21129: 21126: 21125: 21123: 21119: 21113: 21110: 21108: 21105: 21103: 21100: 21098: 21095: 21093: 21090: 21088: 21085: 21083: 21080: 21078: 21075: 21073: 21070: 21068: 21065: 21063: 21060: 21058: 21055: 21053: 21050: 21048: 21045: 21044: 21042: 21038: 21032: 21029: 21026: 21025:Vivaro-Alpine 21022: 21018: 21014: 21010: 21006: 21002: 20999: 20997: 20994: 20992: 20989: 20987: 20984: 20982: 20979: 20977: 20974: 20971: 20967: 20965: 20962: 20959: 20955: 20952: 20950: 20947: 20944: 20940: 20936: 20933: 20929: 20926: 20925: 20924: 20921: 20920: 20918: 20914: 20908: 20905: 20904: 20902: 20898: 20894: 20889: 20880: 20875: 20873: 20868: 20866: 20861: 20860: 20857: 20845: 20842: 20841: 20839: 20835: 20829: 20826: 20824: 20821: 20819: 20816: 20815: 20813: 20809: 20802: 20799: 20797: 20794: 20791: 20789: 20786: 20785: 20783: 20779: 20764: 20761: 20759: 20756: 20754: 20751: 20749: 20746: 20744: 20741: 20739: 20736: 20734: 20731: 20729: 20726: 20724: 20721: 20719: 20716: 20714: 20711: 20710: 20708: 20704: 20698: 20695: 20693: 20690: 20688: 20685: 20683: 20680: 20678: 20675: 20673: 20670: 20668: 20665: 20663: 20660: 20658: 20655: 20654: 20651: 20648: 20642: 20636: 20632: 20629: 20627: 20624: 20623: 20621: 20617: 20608: 20604: 20603: 20602: 20599: 20597: 20594: 20592: 20588: 20585: 20583: 20580: 20579: 20577: 20573: 20570: 20564: 20557: 20553: 20550: 20549: 20547: 20543: 20539: 20532: 20527: 20525: 20520: 20518: 20513: 20512: 20509: 20503: 20496: 20477: 20476: 20471: 20470: 20466: 20463: 20462: 20458: 20455: 20454: 20450: 20449: 20447: 20445:Organizations 20443: 20436: 20433: 20431: 20428: 20427: 20419: 20415: 20412: 20408: 20405: 20401: 20400: 20399: 20396: 20394: 20391: 20390: 20389: 20386: 20382: 20379: 20377: 20374: 20372: 20369: 20368: 20367: 20364: 20360: 20357: 20356: 20355: 20354:North-Western 20352: 20349: 20346: 20344: 20341: 20340: 20338: 20336: 20332: 20321: 20317: 20316: 20315: 20312: 20310: 20307: 20305: 20302: 20301: 20300: 20297: 20294: 20290: 20287: 20285: 20282: 20281: 20280: 20277: 20273: 20270: 20268: 20265: 20263: 20260: 20259: 20258: 20257:Pronunciation 20255: 20254: 20252: 20250: 20246: 20239: 20229: 20227: 20222: 20220: 20217: 20215: 20212: 20211: 20208: 20204: 20200: 20193: 20188: 20186: 20181: 20179: 20174: 20173: 20170: 20158: 20155: 20152: 20149: 20146: 20143: 20140: 20137: 20134: 20133:Old Provençal 20131: 20130: 20128: 20124: 20118: 20115: 20111: 20107: 20102: 20099: 20094: 20090: 20087: 20086:North-Western 20083: 20081: 20078: 20075: 20071: 20068: 20064: 20061: 20057: 20054: 20050: 20048: 20045: 20043: 20040: 20039: 20038: 20035: 20034: 20032: 20028: 20020: 20015: 20012: 20011: 20009: 20005: 19997: 19992: 19991:Vivaro-Alpine 19989: 19985: 19980: 19977: 19975: 19972: 19970: 19967: 19966: 19964: 19960: 19956: 19949: 19944: 19942: 19937: 19935: 19930: 19929: 19926: 19913: 19909: 19907: 19903: 19900: 19898: 19894: 19891: 19890: 19887: 19881: 19880:Proto-Romance 19878: 19877: 19875: 19873:Reconstructed 19871: 19863: 19860: 19858: 19855: 19854: 19853: 19850: 19848: 19847: 19843: 19841: 19840: 19839:British Latin 19836: 19834: 19833: 19829: 19828: 19826: 19822: 19810: 19807: 19805: 19802: 19800: 19797: 19795: 19792: 19791: 19789: 19786: 19783: 19782: 19778: 19777: 19775: 19771: 19763: 19760: 19758: 19755: 19753: 19750: 19748: 19745: 19743: 19740: 19739: 19738: 19735: 19731: 19728: 19726: 19723: 19722: 19721: 19718: 19714: 19711: 19710: 19709: 19706: 19705: 19703: 19701: 19695: 19685: 19684: 19680: 19679: 19678: 19677: 19673: 19669: 19666: 19664: 19661: 19660: 19659: 19658:Vivaro-Alpine 19656: 19652: 19649: 19648: 19647: 19644: 19642: 19639: 19637: 19634: 19632: 19631: 19627: 19623: 19622: 19618: 19616: 19613: 19611: 19608: 19606: 19603: 19602: 19601: 19598: 19596: 19593: 19592: 19591: 19588: 19582: 19579: 19577: 19574: 19573: 19571: 19569: 19566: 19564: 19563: 19559: 19555: 19552: 19550: 19547: 19543: 19540: 19538: 19535: 19534: 19533: 19530: 19528: 19525: 19524: 19522: 19520: 19517: 19516: 19515: 19514: 19510: 19509: 19507: 19505: 19499: 19488: 19485: 19482: 19479: 19478: 19476: 19472: 19464: 19463: 19462:Old Navarrese 19459: 19458: 19457: 19456: 19452: 19450: 19447: 19443: 19440: 19439: 19438: 19435: 19433: 19432: 19428: 19427: 19425: 19421: 19415: 19414: 19410: 19406: 19403: 19401: 19398: 19396: 19393: 19389: 19386: 19384: 19381: 19379: 19376: 19374: 19371: 19367: 19364: 19363: 19362: 19359: 19358: 19357: 19356: 19352: 19348: 19345: 19341: 19338: 19337: 19336: 19333: 19329: 19326: 19325: 19324: 19321: 19320: 19319: 19318: 19314: 19312: 19311:Equatoguinean 19309: 19307: 19304: 19303: 19302: 19301: 19297: 19295: 19292: 19290: 19287: 19285: 19282: 19281: 19279: 19277: 19273: 19267: 19266: 19262: 19258: 19255: 19253: 19250: 19246: 19243: 19242: 19241: 19240: 19236: 19232: 19229: 19228: 19227: 19226: 19222: 19220: 19217: 19215: 19214: 19210: 19208: 19205: 19204: 19203: 19202: 19198: 19196: 19195: 19191: 19189: 19186: 19181: 19178: 19177: 19176: 19173: 19171: 19168: 19167: 19165: 19163: 19159: 19153: 19152: 19148: 19146: 19143: 19139: 19136: 19135: 19134: 19131: 19129: 19126: 19122: 19119: 19118: 19117: 19114: 19113: 19111: 19109: 19105: 19102: 19099: 19092: 19086: 19076: 19075: 19071: 19069: 19068: 19064: 19060: 19057: 19055: 19052: 19050: 19047: 19046: 19044: 19041: 19040: 19037: 19029: 19026: 19024: 19021: 19020: 19019: 19016: 19012: 19009: 19007: 19004: 19003: 19002: 18999: 18997: 18994: 18992: 18989: 18987: 18984: 18980: 18977: 18975: 18972: 18970: 18967: 18963: 18962: 18958: 18954: 18951: 18950: 18949: 18946: 18944: 18941: 18939: 18938: 18934: 18933: 18932: 18929: 18928: 18927: 18924: 18922: 18919: 18915: 18912: 18910: 18907: 18905: 18902: 18901: 18900: 18897: 18893: 18892: 18888: 18884: 18881: 18877: 18874: 18873: 18872: 18869: 18867: 18864: 18860: 18857: 18855: 18852: 18850: 18847: 18845: 18842: 18838: 18835: 18833: 18830: 18829: 18828: 18825: 18823: 18820: 18818: 18815: 18811: 18808: 18806: 18803: 18802: 18801: 18798: 18797: 18796: 18793: 18792: 18790: 18788: 18785: 18783: 18780: 18779: 18778: 18777: 18773: 18771: 18768: 18766: 18765:Frainc-Comtou 18763: 18759: 18756: 18754: 18751: 18750: 18749: 18746: 18744: 18741: 18739: 18736: 18734: 18731: 18729: 18726: 18725: 18723: 18721: 18715: 18712: 18710: 18704: 18696: 18693: 18692: 18691: 18688: 18686: 18685: 18681: 18675: 18672: 18670: 18667: 18663: 18660: 18658: 18655: 18653: 18650: 18649: 18648: 18645: 18643: 18640: 18638: 18635: 18631: 18628: 18626: 18623: 18621: 18618: 18616: 18613: 18612: 18611: 18608: 18606: 18603: 18599: 18596: 18595: 18594: 18591: 18590: 18589: 18586: 18582: 18579: 18577: 18574: 18573: 18572: 18569: 18568: 18567: 18564: 18562: 18561:Judeo-Italian 18559: 18555: 18552: 18550: 18547: 18545: 18542: 18540: 18537: 18535: 18532: 18530: 18527: 18526: 18525: 18522: 18520: 18517: 18515: 18512: 18510: 18507: 18501: 18498: 18496: 18493: 18492: 18491: 18488: 18484: 18481: 18479: 18476: 18475: 18474: 18471: 18470: 18469: 18466: 18465: 18463: 18461: 18457: 18454: 18452: 18448: 18438: 18435: 18431: 18428: 18426: 18425: 18421: 18420: 18419: 18416: 18415: 18413: 18409: 18401: 18398: 18394: 18391: 18389: 18386: 18384: 18381: 18379: 18376: 18372: 18369: 18368: 18367: 18364: 18362: 18359: 18357: 18356:Castelmezzano 18354: 18352: 18349: 18347: 18344: 18343: 18342: 18341: 18337: 18336: 18335: 18332: 18326: 18323: 18322: 18321: 18318: 18314: 18311: 18310: 18309: 18306: 18304: 18301: 18300: 18299: 18296: 18295: 18293: 18289: 18281: 18278: 18277: 18276: 18275: 18271: 18269: 18266: 18262: 18261:Swiss Italian 18259: 18257: 18254: 18252: 18249: 18247: 18244: 18243: 18242: 18241: 18237: 18233: 18230: 18229: 18228: 18225: 18221: 18218: 18216: 18213: 18211: 18208: 18204: 18201: 18199: 18196: 18194: 18191: 18190: 18189: 18186: 18185: 18184: 18181: 18180: 18178: 18174: 18171: 18169: 18163: 18157: 18156: 18152: 18148: 18145: 18143: 18142:Transylvanian 18140: 18138: 18135: 18133: 18130: 18128: 18125: 18123: 18120: 18118: 18115: 18113: 18110: 18108: 18105: 18104: 18103: 18102: 18101:Daco-Romanian 18098: 18096: 18093: 18091: 18088: 18086: 18083: 18082: 18080: 18078: 18074: 18068: 18065: 18061: 18058: 18056: 18053: 18052: 18051: 18050:Italo-Western 18048: 18046: 18043: 18042: 18040: 18036: 18031: 18027: 18020: 18015: 18013: 18008: 18006: 18001: 18000: 17997: 17991: 17984: 17978: 17971: 17965: 17962: 17961: 17960: 17959: 17953: 17949: 17946: 17945: 17944: 17943: 17937: 17933: 17930: 17929: 17928: 17927: 17920: 17917: 17916: 17915: 17914: 17907: 17904: 17901: 17897: 17894: 17891: 17890: 17889: 17888: 17881: 17878: 17875: 17872: 17869: 17866: 17863: 17859: 17856: 17853: 17850: 17847: 17844: 17841: 17838: 17837: 17836: 17835: 17828: 17825: 17823: 17820: 17817: 17814: 17811: 17807: 17804: 17801: 17798: 17795: 17792: 17789: 17788: 17787: 17786: 17780: 17777: 17775: 17772: 17770: 17767: 17766: 17765: 17764: 17754: 17751: 17743: 17740:November 2016 17733: 17729: 17728:inappropriate 17725: 17721: 17715: 17713: 17706: 17697: 17696: 17683: 17677: 17673: 17668: 17656: 17652: 17650:84-7826-894-4 17646: 17642: 17638: 17633: 17621: 17617: 17611: 17607: 17606: 17600: 17596: 17591: 17587: 17581: 17577: 17572: 17571: 17564: 17560: 17558:0-415-16417-6 17554: 17550: 17549: 17543: 17539: 17534: 17530: 17524: 17520: 17515: 17511: 17507: 17503: 17499: 17495: 17491: 17486: 17482: 17476: 17472: 17471: 17465: 17461: 17456: 17444: 17440: 17439: 17434: 17430: 17426: 17421: 17417: 17413: 17409: 17405: 17401: 17397: 17392: 17388: 17382: 17374: 17370: 17366: 17362: 17358: 17354: 17349: 17345: 17339: 17335: 17330: 17326: 17324:9788472833128 17320: 17316: 17311: 17307: 17303: 17299: 17295: 17290: 17286: 17281: 17269: 17265: 17261: 17257: 17253: 17249: 17245: 17241: 17236: 17224: 17220: 17218:84-8415-672-9 17214: 17210: 17209: 17203: 17191: 17187: 17185:84-7826-568-6 17181: 17177: 17176: 17170: 17166: 17160: 17156: 17151: 17139: 17135: 17133:84-490-2299-1 17129: 17125: 17124: 17118: 17114: 17112:84-8415-366-5 17108: 17104: 17099: 17095: 17090: 17078: 17074: 17068: 17064: 17060: 17055: 17051: 17045: 17037: 17032: 17028: 17023: 17019: 17013: 17009: 17004: 17000: 16994: 16990: 16985: 16973: 16969: 16965: 16960: 16956: 16954:3-8290-5292-8 16950: 16946: 16942: 16938: 16926: 16922: 16921: 16915: 16911: 16905: 16901: 16896: 16892: 16886: 16882: 16877: 16865: 16861: 16855: 16851: 16850: 16844: 16832: 16828: 16827: 16821: 16817: 16811: 16807: 16806: 16800: 16796: 16794:84-370-1327-5 16790: 16786: 16781: 16777: 16775:0-00-433286-5 16771: 16767: 16763: 16759: 16757:0-521-63751-1 16753: 16749: 16744: 16740: 16736: 16732: 16728: 16724: 16720: 16715: 16711: 16707: 16706: 16700: 16696: 16691: 16687: 16681: 16677: 16672: 16668: 16662: 16658: 16653: 16642: 16638: 16637: 16632: 16631: 16618: 16613: 16611: 16601: 16594: 16589: 16587: 16579: 16574: 16558: 16554: 16550: 16544: 16537: 16532: 16523: 16517:, p. 42. 16516: 16511: 16504: 16499: 16492: 16487: 16480: 16475: 16473: 16471: 16469: 16467: 16465: 16457: 16452: 16450: 16448: 16446: 16437: 16431: 16427: 16426: 16418: 16411: 16406: 16404: 16396: 16391: 16389: 16387: 16385: 16383: 16381: 16379: 16377: 16375: 16373: 16371: 16369: 16367: 16365: 16363: 16361: 16344: 16340: 16336: 16329: 16321: 16317: 16313: 16307: 16291: 16287: 16286:La Vanguardia 16283: 16277: 16271: 16264: 16258: 16254: 16251: 16245: 16239: 16235: 16232: 16226: 16217: 16210: 16205: 16203: 16194: 16190: 16186: 16184:84-273-0044-1 16180: 16176: 16169: 16163:, p. 71. 16162: 16157: 16150: 16149:Recasens 1996 16145: 16138: 16133: 16127:, p. 53. 16126: 16121: 16119: 16117: 16109: 16104: 16097: 16092: 16090: 16078: 16074: 16066: 16062: 16061: 16054: 16047: 16042: 16035: 16030: 16028: 16020: 16015: 16008: 16003: 15996: 15991: 15982: 15976: 15972: 15964: 15957: 15952: 15945: 15940: 15933: 15928: 15921: 15920:Recasens 1993 15916: 15909: 15904: 15902: 15894: 15889: 15882: 15877: 15869: 15863: 15859: 15852: 15846:, p. 10. 15845: 15840: 15833: 15828: 15822:, p. 13. 15821: 15816: 15810:, p. 51. 15809: 15804: 15798:, p. 53. 15797: 15792: 15790: 15788: 15780: 15775: 15769:, p. 20. 15768: 15763: 15756: 15751: 15744: 15739: 15737: 15730:, p. 54. 15729: 15724: 15722: 15720: 15713:, p. 38. 15712: 15707: 15705: 15703: 15701: 15699: 15697: 15695: 15688:, p. 37. 15687: 15682: 15680: 15672: 15667: 15665: 15658:, p. 62. 15657: 15652: 15643: 15636: 15631: 15629: 15627: 15625: 15623: 15621: 15619: 15617: 15615: 15613: 15611: 15603: 15598: 15596: 15594: 15592: 15590: 15588: 15586: 15584: 15582: 15580: 15578: 15576: 15574: 15572: 15570: 15561: 15557: 15553: 15547: 15539: 15535: 15534: 15529: 15523: 15514: 15498: 15494: 15490: 15484: 15468: 15464: 15460: 15453: 15443: 15438: 15435: 15431: 15428: 15425: 15422: 15418: 15415: 15412: 15409: 15396: 15392: 15387: 15382: 15381:Media Pluriel 15377: 15374: 15370: 15367: 15364: 15359: 15356: 15352: 15349: 15346: 15341: 15325: 15318: 15313: 15308: 15305: 15301: 15298: 15295: 15290: 15289: 15285: 15283: 15266: 15262: 15258: 15252: 15236: 15232: 15228: 15221: 15205: 15201: 15197: 15193: 15189: 15182: 15174: 15170: 15163: 15162: 15154: 15143: 15135: 15131: 15130: 15123: 15116: 15112: 15109: 15104: 15086: 15082: 15075: 15074: 15067: 15051: 15047: 15043: 15037: 15030: 15029:Bruguera 2008 15025: 15019:, p. 55. 15018: 15013: 15004: 14996: 14990: 14986: 14979: 14973: 14966: 14958: 14952: 14946: 14939: 14931: 14925: 14918: 14916: 14907: 14901: 14894: 14892: 14885:, p. 47. 14884: 14879: 14877: 14875: 14873: 14871: 14863: 14858: 14856: 14848: 14843: 14841: 14832: 14826: 14822: 14821: 14813: 14806: 14801: 14799: 14797: 14795: 14793: 14785: 14780: 14778: 14776: 14774: 14772: 14764: 14759: 14757: 14755: 14753: 14751: 14749: 14747: 14745: 14743: 14741: 14739: 14737: 14735: 14733: 14731: 14729: 14720: 14718:0-8240-9030-6 14714: 14710: 14703: 14688: 14682: 14678: 14677: 14669: 14653: 14649: 14645: 14639: 14628: 14621: 14614: 14598: 14594: 14590: 14584: 14568: 14564: 14560: 14553: 14545: 14541: 14537: 14531: 14515: 14511: 14507: 14501: 14485: 14481: 14477: 14471: 14455: 14451: 14445: 14429: 14425: 14421: 14414: 14398: 14394: 14390: 14383: 14376: 14371: 14369: 14367: 14365: 14363: 14346: 14342: 14336: 14332: 14331: 14323: 14307: 14303: 14299: 14295: 14291: 14287: 14283: 14278: 14273: 14269: 14265: 14261: 14257: 14253: 14246: 14235: 14231: 14227: 14220: 14213: 14197: 14193: 14189: 14183: 14167: 14163: 14159: 14153: 14145: 14141: 14137: 14131: 14127: 14120: 14104: 14100: 14094: 14090: 14089: 14081: 14065: 14061: 14057: 14050: 14043: 14038: 14036: 14034: 14032: 14030: 14028: 14026: 14024: 14022: 14014: 14009: 14001: 13995: 13991: 13984: 13968: 13964: 13962: 13946: 13942: 13940: 13932: 13925: 13920: 13904: 13900: 13894: 13890: 13889: 13881: 13870: 13863: 13856: 13845: 13838: 13831: 13820: 13813: 13811: 13803: 13795: 13789: 13785: 13778: 13776: 13767: 13763: 13756: 13740: 13736: 13730: 13722: 13720:9788490341339 13716: 13712: 13705: 13697: 13695:9788418434983 13691: 13687: 13680: 13672: 13666: 13662: 13655: 13648: 13644: 13641: 13635: 13627: 13625:9788416416707 13621: 13617: 13610: 13603: 13598: 13591: 13586: 13584: 13582: 13580: 13572: 13567: 13560: 13555: 13553: 13551: 13543: 13538: 13531: 13526: 13507: 13500: 13493: 13491: 13489: 13487: 13470: 13466: 13462: 13456: 13440: 13436: 13430: 13423: 13418: 13411: 13406: 13399: 13394: 13392: 13390: 13388: 13386: 13384: 13382: 13380: 13378: 13376: 13374: 13372: 13370: 13368: 13360: 13355: 13353: 13351: 13334: 13330: 13329: 13324: 13318: 13301: 13296: 13292: 13285: 13278: 13273: 13271: 13269: 13267: 13265: 13263: 13261: 13259: 13257: 13255: 13253: 13236: 13232: 13228: 13222: 13206: 13202: 13198: 13197: 13192: 13185: 13177: 13171: 13170: 13165: 13160: 13158: 13156: 13154: 13152: 13147: 13133: 13127: 13120: 13114: 13112: 13107: 13098: 13092: 13084: 13079: 13073: 13069: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13031: 13028: 13027: 13026: 13023: 13022: 13018: 13017: 13014: 13011: 13009: 13006: 13004: 13001: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12985: 12981: 12980: 12977: 12974: 12972: 12969: 12966: 12963: 12960: 12957: 12956: 12953:Organizations 12952: 12951: 12946: 12940: 12935: 12932: 12921: 12918: 12917:France portal 12907: 12904: 12893: 12890: 12879: 12867: 12862: 12859: 12855: 12854: 12850: 12845: 12842: 12838: 12837: 12833: 12828: 12825: 12821: 12820: 12816: 12811: 12808: 12804: 12803: 12799: 12794: 12791: 12787: 12786: 12782: 12777: 12774: 12770: 12769: 12765: 12760: 12757: 12753: 12752: 12748: 12743: 12740: 12736: 12735: 12731: 12726: 12723: 12719: 12718: 12714: 12709: 12706: 12702: 12701: 12697: 12692: 12689: 12685: 12684: 12680: 12676: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12660: 12659: 12655: 12650: 12647: 12643: 12642: 12638: 12633: 12630: 12629: 12626: 12623: 12618: 12608: 12606: 12602: 12596: 12595:Catalan names 12589:Catalan names 12586: 12583: 12577: 12572: 12568: 12562: 12552: 12549: 12543: 12537: 12531: 12525: 12522: 12516: 12513: 12503: 12499: 12496: 12492: 12489: 12485: 12482: 12478: 12475: 12471: 12468: 12465: 12464: 12459: 12455: 12451: 12447: 12444: 12440: 12436: 12432: 12429: 12425: 12422: 12418: 12415: 12414: 12410: 12406: 12403: 12399: 12396: 12392: 12389: 12385: 12382: 12378: 12375: 12371: 12368: 12367: 12363: 12359: 12356: 12352: 12349: 12345: 12342: 12338: 12335: 12331: 12328: 12324: 12321: 12320: 12315: 12311: 12307: 12303: 12300: 12296: 12292: 12288: 12285: 12281: 12278: 12274: 12271: 12270: 12266: 12262: 12259: 12255: 12252: 12248: 12245: 12241: 12238: 12234: 12231: 12227: 12224: 12223: 12219: 12215: 12212: 12208: 12205: 12201: 12198: 12194: 12191: 12187: 12184: 12180: 12177: 12176: 12172: 12168: 12165: 12161: 12158: 12154: 12151: 12147: 12144: 12140: 12137: 12133: 12130: 12129: 12125: 12121: 12118: 12114: 12111: 12107: 12104: 12100: 12097: 12093: 12090: 12086: 12083: 12082: 12078: 12074: 12071: 12067: 12064: 12060: 12057: 12053: 12050: 12046: 12043: 12039: 12036: 12035: 12030: 12026: 12022: 12018: 12015: 12011: 12007: 12003: 12000: 11996: 11993: 11989: 11986: 11985: 11980: 11974: 11968: 11962: 11956: 11949: 11948: 11944: 11937: 11936: 11932: 11925: 11924: 11917: 11916: 11913:("to bring") 11911: 11899: 11897: 11893: 11892:direct object 11889: 11885: 11884:passive voice 11881: 11876: 11870: 11864: 11859: 11858:extraposition 11854: 11852: 11847: 11844: 11836: 11826: 11822: 11819: 11815: 11812: 11811: 11807: 11803: 11800: 11796: 11793: 11789: 11784: 11776: 11775: 11771: 11767: 11764: 11760: 11757: 11756: 11752: 11748: 11745: 11741: 11738: 11734: 11730: 11726: 11723: 11717: 11713: 11709: 11705: 11702: 11698: 11687: 11684: 11678: 11672: 11669: 11663: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11628: 11624: 11621: 11617: 11614: 11613: 11609: 11605: 11602: 11598: 11595: 11594: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11584: 11578: 11571: 11567: 11564: 11560: 11557: 11553: 11550: 11549: 11544: 11538: 11534: 11530: 11524: 11520: 11516: 11510: 11506: 11503: 11499: 11495: 11492: 11489: 11488: 11481: 11475: 11468: 11464: 11461: 11457: 11454: 11453: 11448: 11442: 11438: 11434: 11428: 11424: 11421: 11420: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11410: 11402: 11401: 11394: 11388: 11382: 11377: 11372: 11363: 11360: 11354: 11348: 11342: 11337: 11332: 11326: 11320: 11317: 11311: 11305: 11299: 11294: 11289: 11286: 11280: 11274: 11268: 11262: 11256: 11250: 11244: 11239: 11230: 11229: 11226: 11218: 11217: 11211:("felt") vs. 11209: 11208: 11205: 11197: 11196: 11189: 11186: 11182: 11181: 11178: 11170: 11169: 11163:("flat") vs. 11161: 11160: 11157: 11149: 11143: 11138: 11134: 11133: 11130: 11122: 11121: 11113: 11112: 11109: 11101: 11100: 11094:Affrication: 11093: 11092: 11091: 11088: 11082: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11060: 11054: 11050: 11047: 11043: 11039: 11035: 11031: 11017: 11016: 11007: 11006: 11002: 10995: 10994: 10990: 10987: 10985: 10984: 10979: 10971: 10964: 10963: 10957: 10954: 10953: 10947: 10944: 10943: 10939: 10932: 10931: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10921: 10916: 10908: 10901: 10900: 10894: 10891: 10890: 10884: 10881: 10880: 10876: 10875: 10869: 10866: 10862: 10859: 10858: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10848: 10843: 10835: 10828: 10827: 10821: 10818: 10817: 10811: 10808: 10807: 10803: 10802: 10796: 10793: 10789: 10786: 10785: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10775: 10770: 10763: 10762: 10755: 10749: 10737: 10734: 10731:There are no 10730: 10727: 10724:(including a 10723: 10719: 10715: 10711: 10707: 10703: 10700: 10697: 10693: 10689: 10685: 10681: 10677: 10673: 10669: 10666: 10663: 10659: 10655: 10654: 10653: 10651: 10645: 10629: 10623: 10616: 10609: 10605: 10600: 10593: 10590: 10586: 10585: 10576: 10566: 10562: 10558: 10551: 10545: 10537: 10534: 10530: 10529: 10524: 10518: 10514: 10510: 10503: 10497: 10489: 10486: 10482: 10481: 10476: 10470: 10466: 10462: 10455: 10449: 10441: 10438: 10434: 10433: 10428: 10422: 10418: 10414: 10407: 10401: 10393: 10390: 10386: 10385: 10380: 10374: 10368: 10357: 10347: 10337: 10333: 10329: 10323: 10317: 10311: 10301: 10295: 10289: 10284: 10283: 10278: 10272: 10268: 10264: 10257: 10251: 10243: 10240: 10235: 10232:("you hunt") 10230: 10226:("I hunt") - 10224: 10213: 10203: 10199: 10195: 10188: 10182: 10174: 10171: 10167: 10166: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10156: 10144: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10131: 10130: 10125: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10112: 10111: 10106: 10100: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10085: 10081: 10080: 10075: 10064: 10060: 10053: 10049:Intervocalic 10044: 10041: 10037: 10036: 10031: 10027: 10021: 10020: 10015: 10011: 10008: 10002: 9994: 9991: 9986: 9982: 9977: 9973: 9968: 9965: 9961: 9960: 9955: 9951: 9941: 9938: 9934: 9933: 9928: 9924: 9919: 9916: 9912: 9911: 9906: 9902: 9896: 9893: 9889: 9888: 9883: 9879: 9876: 9873: 9869: 9868: 9863: 9859: 9853: 9852: 9847: 9843: 9840: 9834: 9826: 9823: 9818: 9813: 9809: 9804: 9801: 9797: 9796: 9792: 9790:Pronunciation 9789: 9787: 9786: 9780: 9778: 9777: 9772: 9768: 9764: 9760: 9755: 9751: 9738: 9731: 9726: 9720: 9713: 9708: 9702: 9697: 9691: 9684: 9679: 9673: 9666: 9661: 9659: 9655: 9650: 9648: 9644: 9639: 9636: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9621: 9616: 9612: 9607: 9603: 9598: 9594: 9589: 9585: 9580: 9576: 9571: 9567: 9562: 9558: 9553: 9549: 9544: 9540: 9535: 9531: 9526: 9522: 9517: 9513: 9508: 9504: 9499: 9495: 9490: 9486: 9481: 9477: 9472: 9468: 9463: 9459: 9454: 9450: 9445: 9441: 9436: 9432: 9427: 9423: 9418: 9414: 9409: 9405: 9400: 9397: 9396: 9392: 9383: 9378: 9375:Billboard in 9373: 9365: 9359: 9353: 9339: 9336: 9332: 9329: 9328: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9314: 9311: 9310: 9307:"typewriter" 9306: 9303: 9299: 9296: 9295: 9291: 9288: 9284: 9281: 9280: 9276: 9273: 9269: 9266: 9265: 9261: 9258: 9255: 9254: 9248: 9246: 9241: 9240:("foresee"). 9238: 9236: 9230: 9225: 9223: 9215: 9214: 9207: 9206:agglutination 9203: 9199: 9189: 9186: 9182: 9178: 9174: 9164: 9157: 9155: 9139: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9125: 9120: 9118: 9112: 9110: 9106: 9105: 9098: 9092: 9089: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9073: 9066: 9064: 9060: 9055: 9053: 9049: 9045: 9041: 9032: 9027: 9023: 9019: 9015: 9005: 9003: 8998: 8997: 8991: 8987: 8984:In 2011, the 8982: 8980: 8976: 8972: 8971:weak pronouns 8967: 8961: 8957:('someone'), 8955: 8949: 8943: 8937: 8931: 8925: 8919: 8910: 8904: 8903:lo tou/la tua 8900:('his/her'), 8898: 8897:lo sou/la sua 8892: 8886: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8869:('I sleep'). 8867: 8861: 8855: 8849: 8843: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8824: 8818: 8812: 8806: 8800: 8794: 8788: 8782: 8776: 8770: 8764: 8758: 8752: 8738: 8734:('what'), or 8732: 8714: 8708: 8698: 8689: 8686: 8682: 8679: 8675: 8674: 8670: 8667: 8663: 8660: 8656: 8655: 8651: 8648: 8644: 8641: 8637: 8636: 8632: 8629: 8625: 8622: 8618: 8617: 8613: 8610: 8606: 8603: 8599: 8598: 8594: 8591: 8587: 8584: 8580: 8579: 8575: 8572: 8568: 8565: 8561: 8560: 8556: 8553: 8549: 8546: 8542: 8541: 8537: 8534: 8530: 8527: 8523: 8522: 8518: 8515: 8511: 8508: 8504: 8503: 8499: 8496: 8492: 8489: 8485: 8484: 8480: 8477: 8473: 8470: 8466: 8465: 8461: 8458: 8454: 8451: 8447: 8446: 8442: 8439: 8436: 8435: 8425: 8420: 8416: 8401: 8397: 8394: 8390: 8387: 8383: 8380: 8376: 8373: 8369: 8366: 8365: 8361: 8357: 8354: 8350: 8347: 8343: 8340: 8336: 8333: 8329: 8326: 8325: 8321: 8318: 8315: 8312: 8309: 8306: 8305: 8299: 8297: 8286: 8283: 8277: 8265: 8262: 8256: 8249: 8248:proparoxytone 8240: 8237: 8231: 8225: 8219: 8213: 8210: 8204: 8198: 8192: 8186: 8180: 8169: 8166: 8162: 8159: 8153: 8149: 8146: 8140: 8136: 8133: 8129: 8126: 8122: 8117: 8116: 8112: 8109: 8105: 8102: 8098: 8095: 8091: 8088: 8084: 8081: 8077: 8072: 8068: 8064: 8061: 8057: 8054: 8050: 8047: 8043: 8040: 8036: 8033: 8029: 8025: 8021: 8018: 8014: 8011: 8007: 8004: 8000: 7997: 7993: 7990: 7986: 7982: 7979:Northwestern 7978: 7975: 7972: 7969: 7966: 7965: 7951: 7945: 7942: 7936: 7930: 7922: 7916: 7910: 7907: 7901: 7895: 7891:(Valencian); 7889: 7883: 7877: 7869: 7863: 7846: 7837: 7833: 7830:This section 7828: 7825: 7821: 7820: 7807: 7804: 7797: 7790: 7786: 7785: 7781: 7778: 7775: 7772: 7768: 7761: 7757: 7751: 7747: 7744: 7741: 7738: 7736:("we bathe") 7734: 7726: 7721:("he bathes") 7719: 7715: 7714: 7707: 7703: 7696: 7692: 7691: 7687: 7684: 7681: 7678: 7674: 7667: 7663: 7662: 7658: 7652: 7648: 7641: 7637: 7631: 7627: 7624: 7621: 7620: 7603: 7577: 7573: 7572: 7557: 7553: 7552: 7546: 7532: 7528: 7527: 7512: 7508: 7507: 7503: 7500: 7497: 7494: 7491: 7490: 7479: 7473: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7447:("he sells") 7446: 7443: 7442: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7418: 7415: 7414: 7410: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7392: 7375: 7374: 7371: 7336: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7325:Proto-Romance 7310: 7305: 7290: 7288: 7272: 7267: 7261: 7253: 7249: 7245: 7237: 7225:Pronunciation 7218: 7214: 7210: 7208: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7190: 7186: 7183:Provinces of 7182: 7180: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7167: 7163: 7159: 7156: 7155: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7137: 7133: 7130: 7126: 7123: 7122: 7118: 7116: 7115: 7111: 7109: 7108: 7104: 7102: 7101: 7097: 7095: 7094: 7090: 7088: 7087: 7083: 7080: 7079: 7076: 7071: 7065: 7064: 7058: 7056: 7052: 7048: 7044: 7040: 7036: 7032: 7028: 7024: 7020: 7015: 7013: 7008: 7006: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6970: 6966: 6961: 6946: 6940: 6934: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6912: 6903: 6893: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6871: 6867: 6865: 6861: 6858: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6845: 6843: 6839: 6828: 6815: 6807: 6791: 6786: 6780: 6779:prosodic unit 6774: 6766: 6758: 6752: 6740: 6733: 6709: 6698: 6688: 6676: 6664: 6654: 6650: 6643: 6639: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6617: 6610: 6609:syllable coda 6607:allophone in 6606: 6599: 6598: 6597: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6553: 6550: 6547: 6543: 6540: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6527: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6515: 6511: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6500: 6498: 6494: 6491: 6488: 6484: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6468: 6465: 6461: 6460: 6457: 6454: 6450: 6447: 6443: 6440: 6436: 6433: 6429: 6427: 6423: 6420: 6417: 6413: 6410: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6397: 6396: 6393: 6390: 6386: 6383: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6370: 6368: 6364: 6360: 6354: 6347: 6343: 6340: 6336: 6333: 6329: 6328: 6324: 6318: 6311: 6307: 6304: 6300: 6297: 6293: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6279: 6276: 6272: 6269: 6265: 6262: 6258: 6256: 6252: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6223: 6207: 6204: 6201: 6198: 6195: 6190: 6189: 6184: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6149:("he bathes") 6147: 6143: 6139: 6132: 6128: 6126:("ice cream") 6124: 6117: 6113: 6108: 6107: 6098: 6097: 6089: 6087: 6071: 6066: 6060: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6036: 6028: 6024: 6015: 6013: 6008: 6004: 6001: 5995: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5970: 5967: 5963: 5958: 5952: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5936: 5932: 5920: 5919: 5918: 5914: 5904: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5884: 5880: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5869: 5866: 5863: 5862: 5858: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5847: 5844: 5841: 5840: 5836: 5833: 5830: 5829: 5825: 5822: 5819: 5818: 5814: 5811: 5808: 5807: 5803: 5800: 5797: 5796: 5788: 5780: 5777: 5774: 5773: 5769: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5758: 5755: 5752: 5751: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5736: 5733: 5730: 5729: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5714: 5711: 5708: 5707: 5704:Outside home 5703: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5688: 5680: 5677: 5674: 5671: 5668: 5667: 5663: 5660: 5657: 5654: 5651: 5650: 5646: 5643: 5640: 5637: 5634: 5633: 5629: 5626: 5623: 5620: 5617: 5616: 5612: 5609: 5606: 5603: 5600: 5599: 5595: 5592: 5589: 5586: 5583: 5582: 5578: 5575: 5572: 5569: 5566: 5565: 5561: 5558: 5555: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5519: 5513: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5499: 5497:Rest of World 5495: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5481: 5477: 5474: 5471: 5468: 5464: 5461: 5460: 5456: 5453: 5450: 5447: 5443: 5440: 5439: 5435: 5432: 5429: 5426: 5422: 5419: 5418: 5414: 5411: 5408: 5405: 5404: 5400: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5388: 5384: 5381: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5370: 5367: 5364: 5361: 5360: 5356: 5353: 5350: 5347: 5346: 5342: 5339: 5336: 5333: 5332: 5329: 5326: 5321: 5317: 5315: 5311: 5306: 5304: 5300: 5290: 5286: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5275: 5270: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5239: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5213: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5180: 5179:Illes Balears 5176: 5174: 5171: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5149: 5148: 5142: 5138: 5135: 5131: 5129: 5125: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5113: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5088: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5044: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5029: 5025: 5022:and the sole 5021: 5017: 5013: 5010: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4997: 4993: 4990: 4987: 4984: 4983: 4977: 4974: 4973: 4960: 4955: 4954: 4948: 4947: 4939: 4938: 4928: 4927: 4917: 4916: 4906: 4901: 4894: 4893: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4864: 4857: 4842: 4840: 4839: 4834: 4833: 4828: 4827: 4821: 4819: 4818: 4813: 4812: 4807: 4806: 4801: 4800: 4795: 4794: 4789: 4788: 4783: 4782: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4764: 4763: 4758: 4757: 4752: 4751: 4746: 4745: 4740: 4739: 4734: 4733: 4728: 4727: 4722: 4721: 4716: 4707: 4702: 4693: 4683: 4678: 4669: 4661:'avalanche', 4659: 4649: 4639: 4631:'snowdrift', 4629: 4619: 4609: 4599: 4590: 4586: 4576: 4567: 4559: 4550: 4540: 4530: 4529:deixondar/-ir 4520: 4510: 4501: 4500: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4487: 4481: 4475: 4469: 4463: 4457: 4451: 4446: 4442: 4441:Tarraconensis 4433: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4409: 4408: 4407: 4402: 4399: 4398: 4394: 4392: 4391: 4387: 4386: 4382: 4381: 4380: 4375: 4372: 4371: 4367: 4365: 4364: 4360: 4359: 4355: 4354: 4353: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4340: 4338: 4337: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4327: 4326: 4321: 4318: 4317: 4313: 4311: 4310: 4306: 4305: 4301: 4300: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4288: 4284: 4282: 4281: 4277: 4276: 4272: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4262: 4261: 4257: 4255: 4254: 4250: 4249: 4246: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4234: 4223: 4222: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4206: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4181: 4174: 4170: 4167: 4166: 4161: 4158: 4157: 4152: 4149: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4136: 4133: 4132: 4127: 4124: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4112: 4111: 4104: 4100: 4097: 4096: 4089: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4067: 4064: 4060: 4057: 4056: 4051: 4048: 4047: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4027: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4012: 4008: 4005: 4004: 3999: 3996: 3995: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3981: 3978: 3977: 3972: 3969: 3968: 3963: 3960: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3940: 3936: 3933: 3932: 3927: 3924: 3923: 3918: 3915: 3914: 3909: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3897: 3896: 3891: 3888: 3887: 3880: 3879: 3874: 3871: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3859: 3858: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3841: 3837: 3834: 3833: 3828: 3825: 3824: 3819: 3816: 3815: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3801: 3798: 3797: 3790: 3789: 3784: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3769: 3768: 3765:orar, rezar, 3762: 3759: 3755: 3752: 3751: 3746: 3743: 3742: 3737: 3734: 3733: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3695: 3691: 3688: 3687: 3680: 3676: 3673: 3672: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3658: 3655: 3651: 3648: 3647: 3640: 3639: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3625: 3622: 3621: 3617: 3616: 3611: 3608: 3604: 3601: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3579: 3576: 3575: 3570: 3567: 3566: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3552: 3549: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3531: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3514: 3511: 3507: 3504: 3500: 3497: 3493: 3490: 3486: 3483: 3482: 3477: 3474: 3473: 3469: 3468: 3463: 3460: 3459: 3454: 3451: 3450: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3427: 3424: 3423: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3409: 3406: 3405: 3400: 3397: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3374: 3371: 3370: 3363: 3359: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3335: 3332: 3331: 3326: 3323: 3319: 3316: 3315: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3298: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3286: 3280: 3276: 3273: 3272: 3265: 3261: 3258: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3241: 3238: 3234: 3231: 3225: 3224: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3210: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3195: 3194: 3189: 3186: 3185: 3180: 3177: 3173: 3170: 3166: 3163: 3162:burru, butiru 3159: 3156: 3152: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3140: 3139: 3135: 3134: 3129: 3126: 3122: 3119: 3115: 3112: 3111: 3106: 3103: 3102: 3097: 3094: 3093: 3088: 3085: 3084: 3079: 3076: 3075: 3070: 3067: 3066: 3062: 3061: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3035: 3031: 3028: 3027: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3013: 3010: 3009: 3004: 3001: 3000: 2993: 2992: 2987: 2984: 2983: 2976: 2975: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2920: 2917: 2913: 2910: 2909: 2904: 2901: 2900: 2893: 2892: 2887: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2872: 2871: 2864: 2860: 2857: 2856: 2849: 2845: 2842: 2841: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2824: 2823: 2818: 2815: 2814: 2807: 2806: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2777: 2773: 2770: 2766: 2763: 2762: 2757: 2754: 2753: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2739: 2736: 2735: 2730: 2727: 2726: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2712: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2696: 2692: 2689: 2685: 2682: 2681: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2667: 2664: 2660: 2657: 2656: 2651: 2648: 2647: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2627: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2610: 2607: 2603: 2600: 2596: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2585: 2578: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2550: 2549: 2542: 2538: 2535: 2534: 2527: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2514: 2511: 2510: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2496: 2493: 2492: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2478: 2475: 2474: 2470: 2469: 2464: 2461: 2457: 2454: 2450: 2447: 2446: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2414: 2411: 2410: 2405: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2375: 2372: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2354: 2351: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2338: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2312: 2308: 2305: 2304: 2299: 2296: 2295: 2290: 2287: 2283: 2280: 2279: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2265: 2262: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2201: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2188:According to 2186: 2184: 2183:Gallo-Italian 2180: 2176: 2172: 2171:Gallo-Romance 2168: 2164: 2163:pronunciation 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2104: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2068: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2056: 2053: 2052: 2051: 2048: 2047: 2046: 2043: 2042: 2041: 2038: 2037: 2036: 2034: 2025: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1959: 1958: 1951: 1947: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1908: 1904: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1851:prize (1953) 1850: 1849:Víctor Català 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1782: 1781: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1716: 1714: 1709: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1700: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1650: 1646: 1641: 1633: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1561: 1559: 1554: 1543: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1486: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1465: 1460: 1456: 1453: 1452:Mediterranean 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1394:Gallo-Romance 1391: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1358: 1354: 1340: 1333: 1332: 1320: 1319: 1313: 1306: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1255: 1250: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1232: 1231: 1219: 1183: 1182: 1173: 1131: 1127: 1126:Middle French 1122: 1117: 1113: 1108: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1075: 1070: 1069:Gathia Launia 1066: 1061: 1056: 1052: 1045: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 990: 989: 983: 982: 977: 972: 962: 960: 956: 951: 948: 947: 941: 937: 933: 932:eastern strip 929: 925: 921: 917: 916: 912: 907: 902: 898: 897: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 859: 854: 850: 843: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 784: 778: 772: 764: 759: 733: 728: 724: 720: 718: 714: 710: 706: 704: 703: 698: 694: 690: 687: 682: 677: 672: 669: 664: 659: 654: 651: 646: 641: 638: 634: 631: 629: 625: 618: 614: 610: 607: 605: 601: 598: 597: 596: 591: 587: 584: 583: 582: 578: 570: 564: 563: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 544: 543: 542: 536: 532: 529: 528: 527: 523: 520: 514: 509: 506: 503: 499: 493: 490: 485: 481: 478: 474: 468: 463: 460: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 444:North-Western 442: 440: 437: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 415: 414: 410: 403: 399: 396: 393: 389: 388: 386: 380: 368: 365: 364: 363: 360: 359: 358: 357:Proto-Romance 355: 354: 353: 350: 349: 348: 344: 338: 314: 311: 310: 309: 306: 305: 304: 303:Gallo-Romance 301: 300: 298: 297: 296: 293: 292: 291: 290:Italo-Western 288: 287: 286: 283: 282: 281: 278: 277: 276: 273: 272: 271: 268: 267: 266: 265:Indo-European 262: 258: 252: 247:: 5.1 million 246: 241: 238: 234: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 209: 206: 197: 194: 193: 191: 187: 184: 181: 177: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 152: 150: 146: 137: 122: 104: 100: 98:Pronunciation 96: 92: 86: 81: 76: 71: 68: 64: 60: 59: 40: 36: 32: 25: 20: 22775:Transnistria 22737:Vatican City 22406: 22383:Sinte Romani 22193:Torre Valley 22141:South Slavic 22086:Italy portal 21778:Vallassinese 21659:Gallo-Italic 21541: 21195: 21067:Guadeloupean 21009:Languedocian 20953: 20687:Erromintxela 20644:Unrecognised 20586: 20473: 20467: 20459: 20451: 20430:Catalan Caló 20225: 20198: 20157:Catalan Caló 20145:Judeo-Gascon 20036: 20014:Languedocien 19901: 19892: 19844: 19837: 19830: 19779: 19681: 19674: 19636:Languedocien 19628: 19621:Judeo-Gascon 19619: 19560: 19512: 19511: 19481:Barranquenho 19460: 19453: 19429: 19411: 19353: 19315: 19298: 19289:Extremaduran 19263: 19237: 19223: 19211: 19199: 19192: 19149: 19108:Asturleonese 19072: 19065: 19023:West Walloon 19011:Saintongeais 18959: 18935: 18931:Anglo-Norman 18889: 18822:Newfoundland 18782:Jersey Legal 18774: 18682: 18647:Southwestern 18630:Vallassinese 18519:Gallo-Picene 18460:Gallo-Italic 18422: 18338: 18333: 18272: 18238: 18153: 18099: 17957: 17956: 17941: 17940: 17925: 17924: 17912: 17911: 17886: 17885: 17833: 17832: 17784: 17783: 17763:Institutions 17762: 17761: 17746: 17737: 17722:by removing 17709: 17671: 17659:. Retrieved 17640: 17624:. Retrieved 17604: 17594: 17569: 17547: 17537: 17518: 17496:(1): 43–48. 17493: 17489: 17469: 17459: 17447:. Retrieved 17437: 17424: 17399: 17395: 17381:cite journal 17359:(1): 1, 20. 17356: 17352: 17333: 17314: 17297: 17293: 17284: 17272:. Retrieved 17247: 17243: 17227:. Retrieved 17207: 17194:. Retrieved 17174: 17154: 17142:. Retrieved 17122: 17102: 17093: 17081:. Retrieved 17062: 17035: 17026: 17007: 16988: 16976:. Retrieved 16967: 16944: 16929:. Retrieved 16919: 16899: 16880: 16868:. Retrieved 16848: 16835:. Retrieved 16825: 16804: 16784: 16765: 16747: 16722: 16718: 16704: 16694: 16675: 16656: 16647:21 September 16645:, retrieved 16635: 16600: 16595:, p. 8. 16593:Wheeler 2005 16573: 16561:. Retrieved 16552: 16543: 16531: 16522: 16510: 16498: 16486: 16458:, p. 7. 16456:Wheeler 2005 16424: 16417: 16412:, p. 6. 16410:Wheeler 2005 16347:. Retrieved 16338: 16328: 16320:the original 16315: 16306: 16294:. Retrieved 16285: 16276: 16268: 16263: 16244: 16225: 16216: 16209:Wheeler 2003 16174: 16168: 16156: 16144: 16132: 16125:Wheeler 2005 16108:Wheeler 2005 16103: 16096:Wheeler 2005 16077:the original 16064: 16059: 16053: 16048:, p. 5. 16041: 16021:, p. 4. 16014: 16009:, p. 2. 16007:Wheeler 2005 16002: 15997:, p. 6. 15990: 15970: 15963: 15956:Wheeler 1979 15951: 15944:Padgett 2009 15939: 15927: 15915: 15888: 15883:, p. 1. 15876: 15857: 15851: 15844:Wheeler 2005 15839: 15827: 15820:Wheeler 2005 15815: 15803: 15781:, p. 3. 15774: 15762: 15750: 15743:Wheeler 2005 15728:Wheeler 2005 15711:Wheeler 2005 15686:Wheeler 2005 15671:Wheeler 2005 15651: 15642: 15637:, p. 5. 15560:the original 15556:Telenotícies 15555: 15546: 15538:the original 15531: 15522: 15513: 15501:. Retrieved 15492: 15483: 15471:. Retrieved 15462: 15452: 15399:. Retrieved 15395:the original 15331:. Retrieved 15324:the original 15269:. Retrieved 15265:the original 15260: 15251: 15239:. Retrieved 15235:the original 15230: 15220: 15208:. Retrieved 15191: 15181: 15160: 15153: 15142:the original 15133: 15128: 15122: 15103: 15092:, retrieved 15085:the original 15072: 15066: 15054:. Retrieved 15036: 15024: 15012: 15003: 14984: 14965: 14938: 14819: 14812: 14786:, p. 4. 14708: 14702: 14690:. Retrieved 14675: 14668: 14656:. Retrieved 14647: 14638: 14613: 14601:. Retrieved 14592: 14583: 14571:. Retrieved 14562: 14552: 14544:the original 14539: 14530: 14518:. Retrieved 14509: 14500: 14490:27 September 14488:. Retrieved 14479: 14470: 14458:. Retrieved 14454:the original 14444: 14434:11 September 14432:. Retrieved 14428:the original 14424:The Atlantic 14423: 14413: 14403:10 September 14401:. Retrieved 14392: 14382: 14375:Wheeler 2003 14351:18 September 14349:. Retrieved 14329: 14322: 14310:. Retrieved 14259: 14255: 14245: 14229: 14225: 14212: 14200:. Retrieved 14191: 14182: 14170:. Retrieved 14162:Palavracomum 14161: 14152: 14125: 14119: 14107:. Retrieved 14087: 14080: 14068:. Retrieved 14060:The Guardian 14059: 14049: 14044:, p. 1. 14042:Wheeler 2005 14008: 13989: 13983: 13971:. Retrieved 13967:the original 13960: 13949:. Retrieved 13945:the original 13938: 13931: 13924:Marfany 2002 13919: 13907:. Retrieved 13887: 13880: 13855: 13830: 13819:the original 13809: 13802: 13783: 13766:ResearchGate 13765: 13755: 13743:. Retrieved 13739:the original 13729: 13710: 13704: 13685: 13679: 13660: 13654: 13634: 13615: 13609: 13601: 13597: 13590:Wheeler 2010 13566: 13537: 13525: 13513:. Retrieved 13506:the original 13473:. Retrieved 13464: 13455: 13445:29 September 13443:. Retrieved 13429: 13417: 13405: 13359:Wheeler 2010 13337:. Retrieved 13326: 13317: 13305:. Retrieved 13300:the original 13294: 13284: 13277:Wheeler 2010 13239:. Retrieved 13230: 13221: 13209:. Retrieved 13194: 13184: 13167: 13126: 13096: 13091: 13077: 13072: 13057:Pompeu Fabra 13008:Arthur Terry 12931:Italy portal 12889:Spain portal 12614: 12604: 12598: 12564: 12526: 12517: 12509: 12458:ells / elles 12314:ells / elles 12029:ells / elles 11855: 11848: 11838: 11673: 11638: 11485:preposition 11321: 11290: 11235: 11227: 11224: 11215: 11206: 11203: 11194: 11179: 11176: 11167: 11158: 11155: 11131: 11128: 11119: 11110: 11107: 11098: 11069: 11027: 11014: 10961: 10951: 10898: 10888: 10873: 10825: 10815: 10800: 10772:("the cat") 10647: 10382:("we wish") 10297:, and final 9942:Normatively 9885:("trickle") 9774: 9767:Pompeu Fabra 9758: 9750:Latin script 9747: 9385:("illusion") 9325:"parachute" 9317: 9272:paper moneda 9242: 9234: 9221: 9212: 9195: 9170: 9158: 9150: 9147:Word choices 9121: 9116: 9113: 9108: 9102: 9100: 9094: 9069: 9062: 9056: 9044:northwestern 9037: 8983: 8871: 8863:('I fear'), 8828: 8760:('almond'), 8724:rather than 8699: 8695: 8292: 8266: 8241: 8214: 8175: 7911: 7858: 7840: 7836:adding to it 7831: 7728:("we bathe") 7492:Northwestern 7444: 7416: 7337: 7306: 7291: 7268: 7236:Vulgar Latin 7233: 7119: 7112: 7105: 7098: 7091: 7086:Northwestern 7084: 7074: 7069: 7016: 7009: 6981:Rossellonese 6962: 6935: 6908: 6835: 6808:. Geminated 6595: 6156:("we bathe") 6104:Back vowels 6101:Front vowels 6067: 6035:Vulgar Latin 6032: 6005: 5981:monosyllabic 5978: 5916: 5903: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5786: 5686: 5534: 5524: 5340:Understand 5318: 5307: 5295: 5272: 5265: 5251:, where the 5068:Fenouillèdes 4991:Catalan name 4967: 4951: 4942: 4931: 4920: 4909: 4888: 4822: 4767: 4712: 4700: 4676: 4611:'reedmace', 4565: 4557: 4497: 4459:vs. Catalan 4434: 4415: 4403: 4376: 4349: 4322: 4295: 4266: 4220: 4211: 4179: 4164: 4155: 4139: 4130: 4109: 4094: 4079: 4070: 4054: 4045: 4017: 4002: 3993: 3984: 3975: 3966: 3945: 3930: 3921: 3912: 3903: 3894: 3885: 3877: 3856: 3846: 3831: 3822: 3813: 3804: 3795: 3787: 3766: 3749: 3740: 3731: 3722: 3713: 3685: 3670: 3661: 3645: 3637: 3628: 3614: 3591: 3582: 3573: 3564: 3555: 3533: 3529: 3518: 3480: 3466: 3457: 3448: 3437: 3428: 3421: 3410: 3403: 3377: 3368: 3347: 3338: 3329: 3313: 3304: 3270: 3222: 3213: 3192: 3183: 3146: 3132: 3109: 3100: 3091: 3082: 3073: 3059: 3049: 3040: 3025: 3016: 3007: 2998: 2990: 2981: 2973: 2951: 2941: 2932: 2923: 2907: 2898: 2890: 2869: 2854: 2839: 2830: 2821: 2812: 2804: 2795: 2760: 2751: 2742: 2733: 2724: 2710: 2701: 2679: 2670: 2654: 2645: 2613:tarde, noche 2583: 2568: 2547: 2532: 2517: 2508: 2497: 2490: 2481: 2467: 2444: 2435: 2426: 2417: 2408: 2387: 2378: 2341: 2322: 2302: 2293: 2277: 2268: 2187: 2132: 2121: 2101: 2099: 2084: 2030: 1998: 1963: 1943: 1932: 1927: 1909: 1905: 1885: 1861: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1841:World War II 1826: 1789: 1775: 1760: 1736: 1710: 1703: 1697: 1695: 1689:migrated to 1668: 1599:(1789), the 1594: 1567: 1549: 1536:nation-state 1530:through the 1493: 1485:Nation state 1462: 1457: 1440:Ausiàs March 1429: 1402: 1387: 1363:Vulgar Latin 1360: 1334:by a century 1329: 1316: 1302: 1235: 1129: 1115: 1109: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1050: 1048: 1041: 979: 952: 913: 895: 848: 847: 780: 717:Linguasphere 700: 616: 594: 560: 539: 498:Signed forms 352:Vulgar Latin 312: 67: 57: 38: 29:This is the 23: 22813:Isle of Man 22748:recognition 22695:Switzerland 22630:Netherlands 22391:Wenzhounese 22216:Montenegrin 22163:Gail Valley 21964:Piedmontese 21868:Bergamasque 21514:Campidanese 21355:Beneventano 21322:Marchigiano 21254:Wenzhounese 21077:Martiniquan 20575:Co-official 20464: (IEC) 20456: (AVL) 20320:Conjugation 20279:Orthography 20104:(including 20017:(excepting 19994:(including 19982:(including 19857:Campidanese 19683:Old Catalan 19676:Old Occitan 19413:Old Spanish 19347:Rioplatense 19151:Old Leonese 18979:Cotentinais 18943:Guernésiais 18866:Frenchville 18859:New England 18738:Bourbonnais 18690:Piedmontese 18684:Old Lombard 18576:Bergamasque 18500:Sammarinese 17987:Linguistics 17926:Phrasebooks 17827:LEXDIALGRAM 17250:(4): 431–. 16725:(1–2): 53. 16627:Works cited 15832:Lloret 2004 15271:13 November 15241:13 November 15171:, Finland: 13909:14 December 13571:Riquer 1964 13515:16 February 13211:11 November 12993:Germà Colón 12611:Sample text 12512:Suffixation 12272:Subjunctive 12225:Conditional 11896:preposition 11777:respectful 11711:1st person 11653:(which has 11366:Determiners 10726:subjunctive 10625:("exact"), 10424:("shop") - 10370:("wish") - 10291:+ stressed 10146:("twelve") 10127:("office") 10102:("liver"), 9398:Main forms 9287:estat major 9173:Ramon Llull 8963:instead of 8951:instead of 8939:instead of 8882:instead of 8857:('I buy'), 8839:as much as 8826:('I buy'). 8820:instead of 8170:'I polish' 7953:Conjugation 7932:(Central), 7705:("quarry") 7607:Word pairs: 7419:("thirst") 6862:Process of 6497:Approximant 5864:Roussillon 5804:Percentage 5742:Roussillon 5618:Roussillon 5556:Understand 5343:Can speak 5255:is spoken. 5094:Aran Valley 5051:département 4697:tardātiōnem 4621:'catarrh', 4514:congemināre 4356:"to fence" 4346:"to search" 4329:"to bring" 4319:"to remove" 4290:"to remove; 4208:in slang), 2228:Campidanese 1957:La Bressola 1882:Present day 1853:Carles Riba 1818:Generalitat 1508:parliaments 1436:Ramon Llull 1398:Old Occitan 1353:Old Catalan 1347:Middle Ages 1326: 1080 1280:. See also 1260:, the term 877:in eastern 795:instead of 367:Old Catalan 362:Old Occitan 341:Early forms 22871:Categories 22665:San Marino 22625:Montenegro 22605:Luxembourg 22585:Kazakhstan 22488:Azerbaijan 21909:Parmigiano 21701:Tabarchino 21691:Monégasque 21519:Logudorese 21438:Manduriano 21301:Florentine 21138:See also: 20743:Portuguese 20672:Cantabrian 20619:Recognised 20359:Ribagorçan 20219:Literature 19904:indicates 19862:Logudorese 19395:Philippine 19361:Andalusian 19355:Peninsular 19245:Estremenho 19201:Portuguese 19128:Cantabrian 18961:Law French 18953:Sercquiais 18787:Meridional 18748:Champenois 18743:Burgundian 18554:Tabarchino 18544:Monégasque 18483:Parmigiano 18340:Neapolitan 18313:Manduriano 18280:Florentine 18147:Wallachian 18117:Bukovinian 17936:Wikivoyage 17661:5 November 17626:5 November 17449:5 November 17402:(2): 145. 17300:(1): 288. 17229:5 November 17196:5 November 17144:5 November 17083:5 November 16998:8475025919 16870:5 November 16837:5 November 16536:Fabra 1926 16515:Fabra 1926 16503:Fabra 1926 15317:"Població" 15017:Colón 1993 14862:Colón 1993 14658:3 November 14603:3 November 14520:21 January 14460:21 January 14312:4 December 14109:9 December 14098:8472029379 14070:18 January 13793:8485753003 13559:Moran 2004 13530:Lledó 2011 13422:Burke 1900 13307:21 January 13241:4 December 13169:Ethnologue 13142:References 12567:word order 12435:ell / ella 12416:Imperative 12291:ell / ella 12006:ell / ella 11987:Indicative 11926:Infinitive 11918:Non-finite 11794:masculine 11791:3rd person 11736:2nd person 11347:els polsos 11238:suppletive 11184:("second") 11034:Portuguese 11013:indiferent 11001:indiferent 10978:indiferent 10918:("happy") 10845:("green") 10672:adjectives 10578:("oblique- 10568:("oblique- 10520:("cow") - 10430:("shops") 10077:("house") 9957:("novel") 9930:("place") 9865:("glove") 9830:() before 9815:("happy") 9142:Vocabulary 8966:quin/quina 8960:qual/quala 8945:('less'), 8894:('mine'), 8353:llombrígol 8322:"to exit" 8289:Vocabulary 8119:inchoative 8022:'I speak' 7855:Morphology 7843:March 2014 7815:Consonants 7799:("total") 7730:Majorcan: 7568:/puˈza(ɾ)/ 7563:/poˈza(ɾ)/ 7559:("to put") 7514:("mother") 7333:Portuguese 7203:Roussillon 7191:, most of 7031:politeness 6923:morphology 6911:vocabulary 6856:of Catalan 6814:Portuguese 6637:elsewhere. 6215:Consonants 6186:("total") 6141:("quarry") 5966:Portuguese 5823:1,047,000 5812:2,813,000 5809:Catalonia 5709:Catalonia 5691:Social use 5567:Catalonia 5514:9,412,637 5511:11,150,218 5492:9,062,637 5489:11,150,218 5391:Roussillon 5371:2,407,951 5357:5,698,400 5310:Roussillon 5274:Ethnologue 5198:Formentera 5165:Matarranya 5161:Baix Cinca 5062:-speaking 4841:"reject". 4802:"oil" and 4723:"mud" and 4601:'pomace', 4570:pācificāre 4564:> OCat 4519:conjuminar 4465:, Occitan 4383:"to hang" 4302:"to take" 3052:, cachorro 2719:frying pan 2252:Portuguese 2208:isoglosses 2190:Ethnologue 2159:Portuguese 2106:(see also 2089:branch of 1886:Since the 1796:(poetry), 1780:Renaixença 1747:Roussillon 1723:See also: 1655:See also: 1576:ceded the 1483:See also: 1405:Ebro river 1101:Gothalania 1097:Gothlandia 1014:Roussillon 449:Ribagorçan 227:Sardinians 217:Valencians 22803:Gibraltar 22600:Lithuania 22150:Slovenian 22000:Triestine 21937:languages 21923:Forlivese 21902:Bolognese 21748:Legnanese 21686:Intemelio 21631:Valdôtain 21574:Mentonasc 21550:Algherese 21506:Sardinian 21497:Sardinian 21483:Sassarese 21478:Gallurese 21466:languages 21432:Salentino 21404:Tarantino 21375:Cosentino 21332:Romanesco 21246:Sardinian 21128:Guillemet 21107:Wallisian 21021:Provençal 21017:Auvergnat 20758:Ukrainian 20718:Bulgarian 20662:Estremeñu 20646:languages 20626:Aragonese 20591:Valencian 20568:languages 20393:Alguerese 20366:Valencian 20335:Varieties 20267:IPA guide 20203:Valencian 20093:Valencian 20053:Algherese 19996:Mentonasc 19979:Provençal 19969:Auvergnat 19912:varieties 19895:indicate 19852:Sardinian 19809:Triestine 19757:Sursilvan 19668:Mentonasc 19646:Provençal 19595:Auvergnat 19581:Valencian 19537:Mallorcan 19527:Algherese 19502:Occitano- 19449:Navarrese 19437:Aragonese 19373:Castilian 19276:Castilian 19252:Uruguayan 19225:Brazilian 19188:Minderico 19182:/Eonavian 19145:Mirandese 19059:Valdôtain 19045:/Arpitan 18986:Orléanais 18937:Auregnais 18921:Mayennais 18871:Louisiana 18753:Ardennais 18733:Berrichon 18539:Intemelio 18495:Forlivese 18478:Bolognese 18424:Dalmatian 18388:Tarantino 18351:Benevento 18308:Salentino 18268:Sassarese 18232:Gallurese 18215:Romanesco 18168:Dalmatian 18132:Moldavian 18127:Maramureș 18085:Aromanian 17919:Traductor 17816:verbs.cat 17724:excessive 17044:cite book 17038:. Moscow. 16739:249411809 16617:Swan 2001 16549:"Catalan" 16479:Swan 2001 15808:Veny 2007 15288:Sources: 15200:1134-6582 14883:Moll 2006 14573:28 August 14286:0933-1433 14277:10016/291 14232:: 69–84. 13542:Veny 1997 13475:28 August 13339:15 August 13196:Glottolog 12677:Raül, at 12607:("and"). 12450:vosaltres 12443:nosaltres 12409:portessin 12402:portéssiu 12395:portéssim 12381:portéssis 12369:Imperfect 12306:vosaltres 12299:nosaltres 12265:portarien 12258:portaríeu 12251:portaríem 12237:portaries 12084:Imperfect 12021:vosaltres 12014:nosaltres 11813:feminine 11751:vosaltres 11739:informal 11729:nosaltres 11671:, etc.). 11596:singular 11591:feminine 11588:masculine 11422:singular 11417:feminine 11414:masculine 11046:masculine 10996:singular 10991:feminine 10988:masculine 10933:singular 10928:feminine 10925:masculine 10860:singular 10855:feminine 10852:masculine 10787:singular 10782:feminine 10779:masculine 10684:inflected 10618:("chalk") 10526:("cows") 10341:masculine 10163:Examples 10108:("sock") 10033:("four") 9981:Catalonia 9976:Catalunya 9857:elsewhere 9793:Examples 9377:Barcelona 9355:The word 9076:Catalonia 9052:Tarragona 9022:Blaverism 9014:Valencian 9002:La Franja 8990:La Franja 8986:Aragonese 8874:Algherese 8823:jo compro 8817:jo compre 8647:llangosta 8576:my, mine 8500:take out 8409:Standards 8264:'youth'. 8165:pol(e)ixo 8065:'I fear' 7976:Valencian 7763:("thing") 7698:("stone") 7628:Northern 7504:Northern 7495:Valencian 7411:Northern 7287:Algherese 7279:/oɔu/> 7275:/aeɛ/> 7246:, except 7240:/aɛeiɔou/ 7189:Tarragona 7185:Barcelona 7170:La Franja 7166:Tarragona 7121:Algherese 7093:Valencian 6993:Catalonia 6989:Valencian 6985:Algherese 6969:Valencian 6927:phonology 6915:semantics 6842:philology 6806:geminated 6728:ɕ ʑ tɕ dʑ 6623:Algherese 6605:velarized 6432:voiceless 6426:Fricative 6373:voiceless 6367:Affricate 6296:voiceless 6164:("thing") 6134:("stone") 6078:/oɔu/> 6074:/aeɛ/> 6039:/aɛeiɔou/ 5907:Phonology 5892:4,353,000 5421:La Franja 5368:3,448,780 5354:6,502,880 5348:Catalonia 5334:Territory 5303:bilingual 5299:monoglots 5285:in 2021. 5153:Ribagorça 5147:comarques 5134:La Franja 5128:La Franja 5119:Valencian 5087:Catalunya 5081:Catalonia 4988:Territory 4900:Community 4898:Valencian 4879:Catalonia 4832:apaivagar 4709:'autumn'. 4695:'spark', 4651:'brake', 4580:repudiāre 4575:apaivagar 4504:cōnfīgere 4373:"to bury" 4363:collocare 4253:accostare 4194:in slang) 3961:to arrive 3872:to search 3857:perguntar 3847:preguntar 3823:domandare 3796:preguntar 3775:a se ruga 3574:bolli(ri) 2954:, pássaro 2711:dimineață 2232:Sardinian 2143:Sardinian 2033:Pèire Bèc 2013:Argentina 2001:Venezuela 1982:diglossia 1900:non-state 1898:European 1896:bilingual 1892:Catalonia 1872:bilingual 1868:Catalonia 1864:Catalonia 1808:, in the 1794:Verdaguer 1755:Barcelona 1705:Pied-Noir 1568:With the 1558:bilingual 1459:Martorell 1381:from the 1121:Catellain 1116:Catelaner 1105:Catalonia 1091:, whence 1060:Catalunya 1055:Catalonia 1049:The word 998:Catalonia 896:Valencian 883:Catalonia 842:Artur Mas 702:Glottolog 686:ISO 639-3 668:ISO 639-2 650:ISO 639-1 617:Valencian 600:La Franja 590:Occitania 562:Valencian 552:Catalonia 439:Algherese 418:Valencian 398:Valencian 347:Old Latin 212:Balearics 208:Aragonese 189:Ethnicity 78:Valencian 22823:Svalbard 22808:Guernsey 22755:Abkhazia 22725:Scotland 22680:Slovenia 22675:Slovakia 22650:Portugal 22508:Bulgaria 22293:Cimbrian 22285:Bavarian 22211:Croatian 22118:Arbëresh 22101:Albanian 22042:Cadorino 22031:Friulian 21987:Venetian 21978:Venetian 21917:Romagnol 21845:Cremunés 21838:Novarese 21817:Varesino 21808:Ossolano 21801:Ticinese 21794:Milanese 21785:Lecchese 21668:Ligurian 21473:Corsican 21452:Pantesco 21446:Sicilian 21386:Arianese 21380:Irpinian 21370:Cilentan 21327:Marinese 21226:Germanic 21222:Friulian 21210:Croatian 21202:Albanian 21121:See also 21102:Tahitian 21097:Shimaore 21057:Guianese 21013:Limousin 20972:dialect) 20964:Corsican 20960:dialect) 20837:See also 20803:Galician 20792:Asturian 20748:Romanian 20631:Asturian 20596:Galician 20469:Institut 20418:Minorcan 20411:Majorcan 20398:Balearic 20381:Southern 20371:Northern 20284:Alphabet 20110:Béarnese 20074:Northern 20060:Balearic 20042:dialects 19974:Limousin 19788:Venetian 19762:Vallader 19752:Surmiran 19725:Cadorino 19708:Friulian 19641:Limousin 19610:Béarnese 19572:Western 19554:Northern 19542:Menorcan 19532:Balearic 19523:Eastern 19519:dialects 19378:Castrapo 19335:Peruvian 19306:dialects 19239:European 19207:dialects 19194:Portugis 19175:Galician 19116:Asturian 19054:Savoyard 19006:Poitevin 18974:Cauchois 18948:Jèrriais 18795:Canadian 18674:Varesino 18669:Ticinese 18657:Novarese 18652:Cremunés 18642:Ossolano 18637:Milanese 18625:Lecchese 18593:Brianzöö 18524:Ligurian 18490:Romagnol 18371:Arianese 18366:Irpinian 18361:Cilentan 18325:Pantesco 18320:Sicilian 18291:Southern 18227:Corsican 18203:Macerata 18198:Fabriano 18137:Oltenian 18107:dialects 18067:Southern 17896:Archived 17858:Archived 17849:Archived 17806:Archived 17655:Archived 17620:Archived 17490:Hispania 17443:Archived 17416:14275190 17373:14140079 17274:17 March 17268:Archived 17264:15197551 17223:Archived 17190:Archived 17138:Archived 17077:Archived 16972:Archived 16931:25 April 16925:Archived 16864:Archived 16831:Archived 16641:archived 16563:14 March 16557:Archived 16349:29 April 16343:Archived 16290:Archived 16253:Archived 16234:Archived 15497:Archived 15467:Archived 15430:Archived 15417:Archived 15369:Archived 15351:Archived 15300:Archived 15204:Archived 15111:Archived 15094:13 March 15056:13 March 15050:Archived 14900:estiagem 14847:Jud 1925 14652:Archived 14627:Archived 14597:Archived 14567:Archived 14514:Archived 14484:Archived 14397:Archived 14345:Archived 14306:Archived 14302:29009762 14294:20730773 14234:Archived 14196:Archived 14166:Archived 14103:Archived 14064:Archived 13973:13 March 13903:Archived 13869:Archived 13844:Archived 13745:2 August 13643:Archived 13469:Archived 13439:Archived 13333:Archived 13235:Archived 13205:Archived 12982:Scholars 12875:See also 12631:Original 12244:portaria 12230:portaria 12218:portaran 12211:portareu 12204:portarem 12190:portaràs 12171:portaren 12164:portàreu 12157:portàrem 12143:portares 12124:portaven 12117:portàveu 12110:portàvem 12096:portaves 11979:portades 11703:singular 11396:("the"). 11359:les pols 11336:phonetic 11304:bullenta 11232:("said") 11139:Loss of 11136:("ugly") 10680:articles 10676:pronouns 10658:definite 10631:("fax") 10575:obliqües 10570:feminine 10475:llengües 10427:botigues 10379:desitgem 10373:desitjar 10351:feminine 10215:("happy- 10205:("happy- 10068:feminine 10017:("who") 9954:novel·la 9908:("box") 9849:("war") 9382:il·lusió 9358:novel·la 9335:pit-roig 9320:caigudes 9229:Prefixes 9204:, where 9136:Galician 8948:calqui u 8924:creixiva 8854:jo compr 8814:verbs): 8778:'this', 8769:espatlla 8748:like in 8737:València 8710:(IEC) – 8690:service 8652:lobster 8640:llagosta 8602:estrella 8538:pitcher 8481:to know 8476:conéixer 8469:conèixer 8462:English 8346:escombra 8310:"mirror" 7973:Balearic 7970:Northern 7669:("pear") 7622:Majorcan 7617:Eastern 7579:("iron") 7548:/kənˈsu/ 7543:/kənˈso/ 7538:/kanˈso/ 7534:("song") 7498:Majorcan 7487:Eastern 7405:Majorcan 7400:Eastern 7317:/oɔ/> 7313:/eɛ/> 7252:Balearic 7217:Sardinia 7211:City of 7107:Balearic 7081:Dialect 6995:and the 6977:Balearic 6897:Overview 6886:Dialects 6854:Dialects 6836:Catalan 6816:rhotics. 6789:appears. 6233:Alveolar 6228:Bilabial 6051:Balearic 5962:Galician 5960:, as in 5940:Lack of 5875:Alghero 5842:Andorra 5834:392,000 5775:Alghero 5753:Andorra 5701:At home 5669:Alghero 5635:Andorra 5503:350,000 5446:Sardinia 5401:125,621 5385:706,065 5249:Sardinia 5238:L'Alguer 5212:El Carxe 5186:Mallorca 5020:national 4912:Sardinia 4838:rebutjar 4817:aceituna 4673:pistrīce 4633:dēlīrium 4628:congesta 4623:congesta 4613:catarrhu 4585:rebutjar 4554:indāgāre 4544:īgnōrāre 4509:confegir 4483:vs. Cat 4480:nuviellu 4445:Asturian 4292:wake up" 4186:lunfardo 4156:mangiare 4040:to speak 4033:a ajunge 3994:arrivare 3939:procurar 3922:chercher 3832:demander 3805:demandar 3662:prendere 3475:too much 3449:caliente 3422:callenti 3362:cinzento 3193:manteiga 2944:, pájaro 2663:mangianu 2460:sobrinho 2364:fratello 2257:Romanian 1739:prefects 1661:Vergonha 1605:Alsatian 1572:(1659), 1520:Philip V 1496:Castille 1444:Valencia 1421:Sardinia 1411:and the 1385:in 988. 1367:Pyrenees 1276:and the 1263:valencià 1093:Gothland 1022:Sardinia 1018:Pyrenees 955:Pyrenees 906:valencià 889:and the 801:Help:IPA 723:51-AAA-e 709:stan1289 535:Sardinia 433:Northern 423:Balearic 412:Dialects 236:Speakers 222:Murcians 196:Catalans 91:valencià 35:reviewed 22715:England 22705:Ukraine 22655:Romania 22615:Moldova 22573:Ireland 22568:Iceland 22563:Hungary 22553:Germany 22548:Georgia 22538:Finland 22533:Estonia 22528:Denmark 22513:Croatia 22498:Belgium 22493:Belarus 22483:Austria 22478:Armenia 22473:Andorra 22468:Albania 22338:Yiddish 22298:Mòcheno 22173:Istrian 21896:Emilian 21875:Cremish 21854:Spasell 21764:Comasco 21711:Lombard 21681:Genoese 21676:Brigasc 21642:Cellese 21560:Occitan 21542:Catalan 21409:Vastese 21394:Molisan 21310:Central 21275:Italian 21250:Slovene 21238:Occitan 21206:Catalan 21112:Xaracuu 21092:Réunion 21082:Nengone 21072:Kibushi 21062:Futunan 21001:Occitan 20968:Dutch ( 20954:Catalan 20788:Spanish 20753:Russian 20728:Italian 20723:English 20697:Tarifit 20635:Leonese 20607:Aranese 20601:Occitan 20587:Catalan 20552:Spanish 20388:Insular 20376:Central 20296:Morpho- 20289:Braille 20249:Grammar 20214:History 20199:Catalan 20106:Aranese 20067:Central 20037:Catalan 19893:Italics 19794:Chipilo 19737:Romansh 19700:Romance 19698:Rhaeto- 19663:Gardiol 19615:Landese 19605:Aranese 19590:Occitan 19549:Central 19513:Catalan 19504:Romance 19405:Creoles 19400:Saharan 19388:Murcian 19366:Llanito 19323:Chilean 19300:Spanish 19257:Creoles 19231:Mineiro 19213:African 19138:Riberan 19133:Leonese 19098:Iberian 19091:Romance 19018:Walloon 18991:Paydret 18969:Augeron 18909:Vosgien 18904:Gaumais 18899:Lorrain 18891:Creoles 18854:Muskrat 18800:Acadian 18728:Angevin 18718:Langues 18709:Romance 18615:Comasco 18588:Western 18581:Cremish 18571:Eastern 18566:Lombard 18534:Genoese 18529:Brigasc 18473:Emilian 18451:Western 18430:Istriot 18393:Vastese 18378:Molisan 18240:Italian 18176:Central 18122:Crișana 18077:Eastern 18060:Western 18045:Eastern 17718:Please 17710:use of 17008:Catalan 16339:I-Zefir 16296:8 March 16193:2108762 15858:Catalan 15533:YouTube 15473:13 July 15401:23 June 15333:23 June 15192:El País 14930:víspera 14924:véspera 14906:estiaje 14692:5 March 13951:18 June 13164:Catalan 12679:Manresa 12665:Manresa 12322:Present 12197:portarà 12183:portaré 12103:portava 12089:portava 12037:Present 11973:portats 11967:portada 11943:portant 11894:with a 11888:English 11758:formal 11706:plural 11651:Italian 11643:, like 11641:Spanish 11615:plural 11501:article 11455:plural 11353:la pols 11341:el pols 11316:bullent 11310:bullent 11298:bullent 11293:Occitan 11261:gallina 11042:Italian 11038:Spanish 11008:plural 10945:plural 10882:plural 10824:les gat 10814:els gat 10809:plural 10757:("cat") 10656:Use of 10638:Grammar 10611:("net") 10565:obliqua 10541:before 10493:before 10469:llengua 10445:before 10397:before 10277:envegen 10271:envejar 10247:before 10212:felices 10178:before 10124:despatx 9998:before 9259:Example 9220:electri 9211:elèctri 9040:Western 8930:llegiva 8918:cantava 8866:jo dorm 8763:espatla 8757:ametlla 8685:servici 8609:estrela 8595:almond 8583:ametlla 8386:granera 8319:"navel" 8316:"broom" 8279:'men', 8258:'men', 8132:poleixi 8125:poleixo 7967:Central 7755:vowels 7702:pedrera 7643:("ice") 7635:vowels 7625:Central 7614:Western 7588:/ˈfɛru/ 7583:/ˈfɛro/ 7523:/ˈmaɾə/ 7518:/ˈmaɾe/ 7501:Central 7484:Western 7408:Central 7397:Western 7329:Italian 7248:Spanish 7213:Alghero 7158:Andorra 7136:Andorra 7100:Central 7023:numbers 7019:genders 6870:Spanish 6804:may be 6653:lenited 6530:lateral 6503:central 6290:Plosive 6243:Palatal 6138:pedrera 6119:("ice") 6047:Spanish 5935:Spanish 5867:35,000 5856:33,000 5845:26,000 5801:People 5500:No data 5457:17,625 5442:Alghero 5436:45,000 5415:61,975 5409:Andorra 5406:Andorra 5398:203,121 5382:852,780 5320:Spanish 5232:Alghero 5190:Menorca 5157:Llitera 5098:Occitan 5092:In the 5064:comarca 5060:Occitan 5009:Andorra 5004:Andorra 5000:Andorra 4953:Andorra 4936:(Spain) 4925:(Spain) 4914:(Italy) 4884:Alghero 4826:enyorar 4775:alfàbia 4692:espurna 4677:pestriu 4658:(a)llau 4591:nouns: 4549:enyorar 4534:dēnsāre 4502:verbs: 4474:novillo 4426:Occitan 4422:Spanish 4336:circare 4309:trahere 4269:acostar 4260:acostar 4245:Spanish 4241:Catalan 4221:a mânca 4118:a vorbi 4071:parlare 4018:arribar 4003:arriver 3985:arribai 3976:arribar 3967:arribar 3954:a căuta 3913:cercare 3855:pedir, 3788:demanar 3741:pregare 3708:to pray 3686:prender 3671:prendre 3646:prendre 3629:prendre 3623:to take 3592:vouloir 3550:to want 3391:cenușiu 3251:morceau 3147:mantega 3118:ciruela 2924:uccello 2916:pilloni 2752:padella 2671:mattina 2640:morning 2563:evening 2453:sobrino 2379:hermano 2336:brother 2323:coirmão 2286:fradili 2247:Spanish 2237:Italian 2222:Occitan 2218:Catalan 2198:Romansh 2167:Occitan 2155:Spanish 2153:group ( 2139:Italian 1984:in the 1978:Italian 1974:Alghero 1972:and in 1970:Spanish 1935:Andorra 1916:Spanish 1802:Guimerà 1771:Spanish 1691:Algiers 1687:Menorca 1671:Algeria 1651:), 2010 1617:Flemish 1613:Occitan 1553:Spanish 1526:by the 1430:In the 1417:Alghero 1375:Muslims 1288:History 1284:below. 1238:endonym 1130:Catalan 1112:English 1080:Gauthia 1051:Catalan 1008:), SE. 920:Alghero 911:Italian 901:autonym 871:Andorra 865:) is a 853:autonym 849:Catalan 797:Unicode 531:Alghero 522:Andorra 428:Central 313:Catalan 285:Romance 155:Andorra 73:Catalan 22818:Jersey 22760:Kosovo 22700:Turkey 22690:Sweden 22670:Serbia 22660:Russia 22645:Poland 22640:Norway 22620:Monaco 22590:Latvia 22558:Greece 22543:France 22518:Cyprus 22377:Romani 22358:Hebrew 22351:Others 22333:Walser 22276:German 22188:Resian 22049:Fornes 21995:Fiuman 21831:Pavese 21771:Laghée 21732:Canzés 21696:Royasc 21636:Faetar 21613:Aostan 21605:French 21582:Niçard 21360:Barese 21337:Sabino 21293:Tuscan 21242:Romani 21214:French 21031:Picard 21005:Gascon 20996:Norman 20949:Breton 20935:Basque 20907:French 20796:Basque 20765:, etc. 20738:German 20733:French 20713:Arabic 20677:Darija 20582:Basque 20404:Ibizan 20299:syntax 20101:Gascon 19984:Niçard 19824:Others 19804:Talian 19799:Fiuman 19773:Others 19713:Fornes 19651:Niçard 19600:Gascon 19568:Patuet 19474:Others 19383:Castúo 19089:Ibero- 19049:Faetar 18996:Picard 18926:Norman 18914:Welche 18837:Magoua 18827:Quebec 18817:Brayon 18776:French 18758:Rémois 18707:Gallo- 18662:Pavese 18620:Laghée 18598:Canzés 18549:Royasc 18411:Others 18346:Barese 18274:Tuscan 18220:Sabino 18193:Ancona 18166:Italo- 17678: 17647: 17612: 17582: 17555: 17525: 17510:337523 17508: 17477: 17414: 17371: 17340: 17321: 17262: 17215: 17182: 17161: 17130: 17109: 17069: 17014: 16995: 16978:9 June 16951: 16906: 16887: 16856: 16812: 16791: 16772: 16754: 16737: 16682: 16663: 16432: 16191: 16181: 16067:] 15977: 15864: 15503:8 July 15210:8 July 15198: 15136:] 14991: 14827: 14715: 14683: 14337: 14300: 14292: 14284: 14202:25 May 14172:25 May 14142: 14132: 14095: 13996: 13895: 13790: 13717: 13692: 13667: 13622: 12555:Syntax 12548:servir 12502:portin 12495:porteu 12488:portem 12388:portés 12374:portés 12362:portin 12355:porteu 12348:portem 12334:portis 12178:Future 12077:porten 12070:porteu 12063:portem 12049:portes 11961:portat 11955:portat 11938:Gerund 11931:portar 11910:portar 11770:vostès 11700: 11683:el meu 11543:per l' 11267:garçon 11049:suffix 10799:la gat 10792:el gat 10769:el gat 10720:, and 10718:aspect 10710:number 10706:person 10692:number 10688:gender 10678:, and 10622:exacte 10596:after 10523:vaques 10421:botiga 10359:("mad- 10349:("mad- 10339:("mad- 10285:final 10066:("big- 10063:grossa 10030:quatre 9846:guerra 9262:Gloss 9132:Basque 9082:, and 9048:Lleida 9024:, and 8891:la mia 8860:jo tem 8848:cantam 8842:cantem 8836:cantam 8751:ametla 8678:servei 8666:hòmens 8590:ametla 8557:round 8533:cànter 8526:càntir 8514:nàixer 8507:néixer 8495:traure 8488:treure 8457:anglés 8450:anglès 8443:gloss 8379:xiquet 8372:espill 8360:sortir 8332:mirall 8261:jóvens 8255:hòmens 8250:words. 8230:-eixen 8158:polesc 8152:polisc 8145:polesc 8139:poleix 7962:Gloss 7767:coseta 7733:banyam 7725:banyem 7673:perera 7466:/ˈven/ 7461:/ˈbɛn/ 7456:/ˈvən/ 7451:/ˈven/ 7438:/ˈset/ 7433:/ˈsɛt/ 7428:/ˈsət/ 7423:/ˈset/ 7230:Vowels 7193:Girona 7179:Carche 7162:Lleida 7146:France 7066:Block 7055:gender 7053:, and 7047:aspect 7039:number 7035:person 6983:, and 6925:, and 6919:syntax 6874:French 6703:after 6699:, and 6695:after 6631:merged 6603:has a 6464:voiced 6400:voiced 6332:voiced 6238:Dental 6168:coseta 6153:banyem 6027:Vowels 6018:Vowels 5948:short 5878:8,000 5859:70.2% 5848:33.8% 5837:36.1% 5826:21.1% 5815:38.5% 5562:Write 5553:Speak 5483:Total 5467:Murcia 5463:Carche 5454:20,000 5433:47,250 5425:Aragon 5412:75,407 5395:France 5206:Carche 5163:, and 5032:France 4994:Notes 4945:France 4934:Murcia 4923:Aragon 4905:Carche 4892:Franja 4811:aceite 4787:tinaja 4781:rajola 4770:Arabic 4750:templa 4744:filosa 4726:rostir 4715:Gothic 4706:tardor 4701:tardaó 4682:pestiu 4618:cadarn 4562:odiāre 4558:enagar 4492:taurèl 4486:torell 4477:, Ast 4462:bullir 4456:ferver 4450:hervir 4430:French 4400:"wife" 4397:muller 4390:mulier 4379:colgar 4370:colgar 4352:cercar 4343:cercar 4316:traure 4298:llevar 4287:llevar 4280:levare 4212:manjar 4191:papear 4180:manyar 4165:manger 4148:pappai 4140:manjar 4131:menjar 4125:to eat 4110:palrar 4095:parlar 4088:hablar 4080:parler 4055:parlar 4046:parlar 4026:chegar 4011:llegar 3946:buscar 3931:buscar 3904:circai 3895:cercar 3886:buscar 3878:cercar 3782:to ask 3767:pregar 3732:pregai 3723:pregar 3714:pregar 3615:a vrea 3607:querer 3600:querer 3583:volere 3503:troppo 3458:quente 3404:calent 3330:grigio 3292:bucată 3285:bocado 3279:pedaço 3264:pedazo 3237:arrogu 3176:beurre 3141:butter 3125:ameixa 3101:prugna 2961:pasăre 2933:oiseau 2783:tigaie 2769:sartén 2743:paella 2734:padena 2725:paella 2702:matina 2688:mañana 2584:vèspre 2569:vespre 2526:verano 2509:estate 2500:istadi 2476:summer 2436:nipote 2427:nebodi 2403:nephew 2350:fraire 2303:cousin 2294:cugino 2263:cousin 2242:French 2179:French 2005:Mexico 1806:Carche 1786:Aribau 1751:consul 1731:, and 1699:Patuet 1665:Patuet 1663:, and 1621:Basque 1619:, and 1609:Breton 1590:French 1582:France 1564:France 1518:under 1500:Aragon 1425:Murcia 1258:Carche 1124:(from 1074:Gothia 1010:France 936:Aragon 928:France 915:comune 885:, the 858:català 751: 745: 739: 609:Carche 604:Aragon 595:Spain 581:France 462:Patuet 270:Italic 179:Region 165:France 128:& 114:& 85:català 63:Catalá 58:Catala 22793:Åland 22730:Wales 22685:Spain 22610:Malta 22580:Italy 22262:Griko 22240:Greek 22178:Karst 22056:Nones 22036:Ladin 21234:Ladin 21230:Greek 21087:Paicî 21052:Drehu 20986:Gallo 20314:Verbs 20304:Nouns 19747:Putèr 19742:Jauer 19730:Nones 19720:Ladin 19219:Asian 18876:Houma 18849:Métis 18832:Joual 18805:Chiac 18770:Gallo 18720:d'oïl 18112:Banat 17906:DACCO 17840:DIEC2 17506:JSTOR 17412:S2CID 17369:S2CID 17260:S2CID 16735:S2CID 16080:(PDF) 16069:(PDF) 16063:[ 15327:(PDF) 15320:(PDF) 15169:Vaasa 15165:(PDF) 15145:(PDF) 15138:(PDF) 15132:[ 15088:(PDF) 15077:(PDF) 14978:pardo 14957:troço 14945:trozo 14630:(PDF) 14623:(PDF) 14298:S2CID 14290:JSTOR 14237:(PDF) 14222:(PDF) 14140:JSTOR 13872:(PDF) 13865:(PDF) 13847:(PDF) 13840:(PDF) 13822:(PDF) 13815:(PDF) 13509:(PDF) 13502:(PDF) 13064:Notes 13019:Other 12601:Spain 12481:porti 12474:porta 12341:porti 12327:porti 12150:portà 12136:portí 12056:porta 12042:porto 11921:Form 11902:Verbs 11880:topic 11825:elles 11763:vostè 11529:de l' 11376:Begur 11285:poule 11273:fille 11202:senti 11193:senti 11087:minsa 11081:minso 10960:felic 10950:feliç 10938:feliç 10915:feliç 10714:tense 10702:Verbs 10668:Nouns 10608:xarxa 10572:") - 10367:desig 10356:boges 10343:") - 10229:caces 10209:") - 10202:feliç 10160:Notes 10143:dotze 10105:mitjó 10099:fetge 9905:caixa 9862:guant 9812:feliç 9237:veure 9181:Latin 8942:menys 8936:manco 8799:-eix- 8659:homes 8614:star 8400:eixir 8393:melic 8313:"boy" 8307:Gloss 8282:joves 8276:homes 8273:E.g. 8252:E.g. 8236:-eixi 8218:-eixo 8209:-esca 8203:-isca 8197:-ixen 8108:sento 8087:senti 8080:sento 8017:parlo 8010:parle 7996:parli 7989:parlo 7941:parli 7929:parlo 7926:E.g. 7906:sento 7894:parlo 7876:parle 7873:E.g. 7796:total 7718:banya 7695:pedra 7647:gelat 7633:Front 7576:ferro 7556:posar 7531:cançó 7321:/aui/ 7294:/aeɛ/ 7151:Italy 7141:Spain 7132:Spain 7128:Area 7043:tense 6787:] 6783:[ 6775:] 6771:[ 6767:] 6763:[ 6759:] 6755:[ 6689:] 6685:[ 6683:> 6677:] 6673:[ 6671:> 6665:] 6661:[ 6659:> 6633:with 6576:Trill 6255:Nasal 6248:Velar 6183:total 6146:banya 6131:pedra 6123:gelat 6111:pair 6000:amiga 5946:Latin 5897:31.2% 5887:TOTAL 5870:8.5% 5798:Area 5698:Area 5681:28.4 5678:50.9 5675:89.9 5672:67.6 5664:30.3 5661:72.9 5658:98.5 5655:88.8 5647:61.1 5644:89.7 5641:96.0 5638:78.9 5630:10.6 5627:31.4 5624:65.3 5621:37.1 5613:46.9 5610:79.6 5607:93.1 5604:74.6 5596:32.5 5593:54.9 5590:78.1 5587:57.5 5579:65.3 5576:85.5 5573:94.4 5570:81.2 5559:Read 5550:Area 5508:Total 5472:Spain 5451:Italy 5430:Spain 5379:Spain 5365:Spain 5351:Spain 5337:State 5227:Italy 5194:Ibiza 5076:Spain 4985:State 4805:oliva 4756:rueca 4703:> 4699:> 4687:prūna 4679:> 4665:> 4655:> 4653:lābem 4645:> 4643:fretu 4638:deler 4635:> 4625:> 4615:> 4605:> 4598:brisa 4595:> 4593:brīsa 4582:> 4572:> 4546:> 4539:desar 4526:> 4516:> 4489:, Oc 4468:bolir 4428:(and 4406:mujer 4325:traer 4237:Latin 4205:papar 4199:comer 4173:comer 4103:falar 3840:pedir 3750:prier 3701:a lua 3679:tomar 3654:pigai 3638:prene 3565:vòler 3556:voler 3496:tropu 3481:massa 3440:chaud 3431:caldo 3355:pardo 3271:trozo 3257:pièce 3244:pezzo 3230:petaç 3208:piece 3169:burro 3155:bodre 3133:prună 3110:prune 3092:pruna 3083:pruna 3074:pruna 3060:câine 3034:perro 3026:chien 2908:aucèl 2891:ocell 2870:leito 2855:lecho 2831:letto 2805:lièch 2761:poêle 2695:manhã 2680:matin 2655:matin 2633:seară 2626:serão 2620:tarde 2548:estio 2541:verão 2533:estío 2491:estiu 2482:estiu 2468:nepot 2445:neveu 2418:nebot 2409:nebot 2396:frate 2388:irmão 2371:frère 2357:fradi 2342:germà 2318:primo 2311:primo 2278:cosin 2215:Gloss 2194:Ladin 1990:Ibiza 1837:Spain 1798:Oller 1574:Spain 1490:Spain 1469:Metge 1103:> 1099:> 1095:> 1085:Goths 1065:Latin 1026:Italy 994:Spain 879:Spain 863:below 541:Spain 526:Italy 480:Latin 280:Latin 201:incl. 170:Italy 160:Spain 22158:Brda 21047:Ajië 20682:Caló 20667:Fala 20108:and 19902:Bold 19487:Caló 19170:Fala 19096:West 17676:ISBN 17663:2020 17645:ISBN 17628:2020 17610:ISBN 17580:ISBN 17553:ISBN 17523:ISBN 17475:ISBN 17451:2020 17387:link 17338:ISBN 17319:ISBN 17276:2020 17231:2020 17213:ISBN 17198:2020 17180:ISBN 17159:ISBN 17146:2020 17128:ISBN 17107:ISBN 17085:2020 17067:ISBN 17050:link 17012:ISBN 16993:ISBN 16980:2019 16949:ISBN 16933:2010 16904:ISBN 16885:ISBN 16872:2020 16854:ISBN 16839:2020 16810:ISBN 16789:ISBN 16770:ISBN 16752:ISBN 16680:ISBN 16661:ISBN 16649:2013 16565:2020 16430:ISBN 16351:2009 16298:2020 16189:OCLC 16179:ISBN 15975:ISBN 15967:See 15862:ISBN 15505:2019 15475:2017 15403:2005 15335:2005 15273:2015 15243:2015 15212:2019 15196:ISSN 15096:2012 15058:2012 14989:ISBN 14972:gris 14951:tros 14927:and 14903:and 14825:ISBN 14713:ISBN 14694:2016 14681:ISBN 14660:2022 14605:2022 14575:2022 14522:2017 14492:2016 14462:2022 14436:2018 14405:2013 14353:2023 14335:ISBN 14314:2021 14282:ISSN 14204:2022 14192:RTVE 14174:2022 14130:ISBN 14111:2023 14093:ISBN 14072:2017 13994:ISBN 13975:2011 13953:2010 13911:2022 13893:ISBN 13788:ISBN 13747:2008 13715:ISBN 13690:ISBN 13665:ISBN 13620:ISBN 13517:2013 13477:2022 13447:2020 13341:2023 13309:2017 13243:2023 13213:2023 13095:The 13076:The 12521:anar 11818:ella 11806:ells 11646:dels 11627:unes 11570:pels 11563:dels 11551:els 11515:a l' 11496:per 11387:vila 11276:and 11255:gall 11249:noia 11175:sego 11166:sego 10897:verd 10887:verd 10872:verd 10865:verd 10842:verd 10722:mood 10696:case 10686:for 10682:are 10660:and 10615:guix 10547:and 10539:/kw/ 10517:vaca 10499:and 10451:and 10443:/ɡw/ 10403:and 10353:") - 10346:boja 10336:boig 10253:and 10223:caço 10184:and 10074:casa 10023:/kw/ 10004:and 9944:/lː/ 9927:lloc 9882:raig 9855:/ɡw/ 9836:and 9765:and 9318:para 9256:Type 9224:itat 9078:and 8954:algú 8793:-ix- 8781:eixe 8775:este 8671:men 8633:hit 8628:colp 8571:meua 8564:meva 8552:redó 8545:rodó 8417:and 8224:-eix 8185:-esc 8179:-isc 8101:sent 8094:sent 8074:pure 8070:3rd 8060:temo 8039:temi 8032:temo 8027:2nd 8003:parl 7984:1st 7935:parl 7900:temo 7888:sent 7760:cosa 7753:Back 7666:pera 7511:mare 7481:Word 7394:Word 7342:and 7331:and 7298:/oɔ/ 7264:/ɛe/ 7051:mood 7029:and 7027:case 6967:and 6956:and 6942:and 6745:and 6724:/dʒ/ 6720:/tʃ/ 6161:cosa 6109:Word 6063:/ɛe/ 5994:amic 5964:and 5927:/ɔo/ 5925:and 5923:/ɛe/ 5881:20% 5478:600 5475:~600 5196:and 4814:and 4793:teja 4790:and 4762:sien 4759:and 4738:asar 4735:and 4732:lodo 4720:fang 4713:The 4668:vora 4648:freu 4608:boga 4603:buda 4566:ujar 4437:a.d. 3758:orar 3543:prea 3536:iado 3532:, de 3530:mais 3521:iado 3510:trop 3489:tròp 3467:cald 3413:caud 3369:gris 3348:gris 3339:gris 3322:canu 3314:gris 3305:gris 3299:gray 3223:tròç 3214:tros 3068:plum 3017:cane 3008:cani 2999:canh 2885:bird 2863:cama 2848:cama 2822:letu 2813:lèit 2796:llit 2646:matí 2606:soir 2599:sera 2592:seru 2556:vară 2269:cosí 2196:and 2157:and 2110:and 2009:Cuba 1876:Avui 1767:laws 1685:and 1679:Oran 1504:laws 1498:and 1355:and 1256:and 1236:The 1004:and 615:(as 559:(as 118:) / 17934:on 17726:or 17498:doi 17404:doi 17361:doi 17302:doi 17252:doi 16727:doi 16710:154 15463:ABC 14393:ABC 14272:hdl 14264:doi 13166:at 12599:In 12579:or 12569:is 12542:-i- 12536:-e- 12530:-a- 11799:ell 11783:vós 11677:mon 11668:nel 11662:col 11656:sul 11620:uns 11608:una 11556:als 11537:pel 11523:del 11504:el 11467:les 11460:els 11331:-o- 11279:coq 11243:noi 11154:pla 11148:pla 11127:lle 11118:lle 11040:or 11028:In 10754:gat 10628:fax 10582:") 10491:/k/ 10395:/ɡ/ 10319:or 10245:/ʒ/ 10176:/s/ 10057:/z/ 10046:/s/ 10014:qui 9996:/k/ 9983:") 9970:/ɲ/ 9948:/l/ 9937:l·l 9921:/ʎ/ 9898:/ʃ/ 9828:/ɡ/ 9806:/s/ 9701:L·L 9364:l·l 9235:pre 8913:/v/ 8909:-v- 8811:-ar 8731:què 8726:/ɛ/ 8722:/e/ 8621:cop 8339:noi 8269:/n/ 8244:/n/ 8191:-ix 8155:or 8142:or 8053:tem 8046:tem 7882:tem 7838:. 7789:tot 7640:gel 7445:ven 7417:set 7388:/ɛ/ 7384:/ə/ 7380:/e/ 7368:/ɛ/ 7364:/e/ 7360:/e/ 7356:/e/ 7352:/ə/ 7348:/ɛ/ 7344:/ɛ/ 7340:/e/ 7307:In 7302:/u/ 7283:/i/ 7269:In 7256:/ə/ 7215:in 6958:/e/ 6954:/a/ 6950:/ə/ 6872:or 6810:/ʎ/ 6802:/l/ 6798:/m/ 6794:/n/ 6747:/ɾ/ 6743:/r/ 6736:ɕ ʑ 6716:/ʒ/ 6712:/ʃ/ 6705:/f/ 6701:/b/ 6693:/d/ 6681:/ɡ/ 6669:/d/ 6657:/b/ 6635:/b/ 6619:/v/ 6613:/l/ 6601:/l/ 6556:Tap 6191:IPA 6176:tot 6116:gel 6082:/i/ 6068:In 6055:/ə/ 5973:/w/ 5944:of 5770:61 5767:70 5759:51 5756:38 5737:41 5734:44 5726:32 5723:37 5715:51 5712:45 5308:In 5151:of 5121:". 5066:of 5054:of 4799:oli 4663:ōra 4432:). 4184:in 3534:mas 3519:mas 3398:hot 3385:sur 3378:gri 3201:unt 3050:cão 3041:can 2991:gos 2974:gos 2968:dog 2952:ave 2942:ave 2878:pat 2840:lit 2790:bed 2577:ser 2518:été 2329:văr 2185:). 1976:by 1964:In 1933:In 1788:'s 1753:in 1580:to 1419:in 1229:LAN 1227:-ə- 1225:KAT 1184:or 1179:KAT 1110:In 1077:or 934:of 918:of 783:IPA 693:cat 676:cat 402:AVL 392:IEC 126:NW. 56:SS 37:on 22873:: 21252:, 21248:, 21244:, 21240:, 21236:, 21232:, 21228:, 21224:, 21220:, 21216:, 21212:, 21208:, 21204:, 21200:: 21023:, 21019:, 21015:, 21011:, 21007:, 20941:, 20763:Wu 20633:/ 20589:/ 20201:/ 17653:. 17639:. 17618:. 17578:. 17576:54 17504:. 17494:45 17492:. 17410:. 17400:37 17398:. 17383:}} 17379:{{ 17357:35 17355:. 17298:23 17296:. 17266:. 17258:. 17248:26 17246:. 17242:. 17221:. 17188:. 17136:. 17075:. 17061:. 17046:}} 17042:{{ 16966:. 16862:. 16733:. 16723:22 16721:. 16609:^ 16585:^ 16555:. 16551:. 16463:^ 16444:^ 16402:^ 16359:^ 16201:^ 16187:. 16115:^ 16088:^ 16026:^ 15900:^ 15786:^ 15735:^ 15718:^ 15693:^ 15678:^ 15663:^ 15609:^ 15568:^ 15530:. 15281:^ 15259:. 15229:. 15202:. 15190:. 15079:, 15044:. 14914:^ 14890:^ 14869:^ 14854:^ 14839:^ 14791:^ 14770:^ 14727:^ 14650:. 14646:. 14625:. 14595:. 14591:. 14565:. 14561:. 14538:. 14512:. 14508:. 14482:. 14478:. 14422:. 14361:^ 14343:. 14304:. 14296:. 14288:. 14280:. 14270:. 14260:20 14258:. 14254:. 14230:13 14228:. 14224:. 14190:. 14160:. 14138:. 14101:. 14062:. 14058:. 14020:^ 13901:. 13867:. 13842:. 13774:^ 13764:. 13578:^ 13549:^ 13485:^ 13467:. 13463:. 13366:^ 13349:^ 13325:. 13293:. 13251:^ 13233:. 13229:. 13203:. 13199:. 13193:. 13150:^ 13110:^ 12539:, 12533:, 12428:tu 12421:jo 12284:tu 12277:jo 11999:tu 11992:jo 11982:) 11976:, 11970:, 11964:, 11843:ho 11786:) 11744:tu 11722:mi 11719:, 11716:jo 11665:, 11659:, 11601:un 11546:) 11509:al 11493:de 11450:) 11447:l' 11441:la 11433:l' 11427:el 11393:la 11325:-s 11319:. 11288:. 11223:di 11214:di 11190:: 11145:: 11129:tj 11120:ig 11106:bo 11099:ig 11097:bo 11075:-a 11065:-a 11059:-o 11053:-o 11036:, 10962:es 10952:os 10899:es 10826:es 10728:). 10716:, 10712:, 10708:, 10674:, 10670:, 10557:qu 10533:qü 10485:qu 10461:gu 10437:gü 10389:gu 10363:") 10328:tg 10322:tj 10300:ig 10219:") 10134:tz 10115:tx 10090:tj 10087:, 10084:tg 10070:)" 10040:ss 9990:qu 9979:(" 9964:ny 9915:ll 9892:ix 9872:ig 9822:gu 9227:. 9134:, 9128:EU 9020:, 9016:, 9004:. 8927:, 8921:, 8885:el 8879:lo 8805:-e 8239:. 8233:, 8227:, 8221:, 8212:. 8200:, 8194:, 8188:, 7921:-i 7918:, 7915:-o 7903:, 7897:, 7885:, 7879:, 7868:-o 7862:-e 7386:, 7382:, 7370:. 7319:; 7315:; 7281:; 7277:; 7266:. 7250:. 7177:, 7168:, 7134:, 7049:, 7045:, 7041:, 7037:, 6979:, 6975:, 6933:. 6921:, 6917:, 6913:, 6800:, 6796:, 6722:, 6718:, 6714:, 6679:, 6667:, 6644:: 6625:, 6475:) 6416:dʒ 6409:dz 6389:tʃ 6382:ts 6356:~ 6320:~ 6236:/ 6080:; 6076:; 6065:. 6049:. 5954:, 5781:4 5778:8 5748:1 5745:1 5532:2. 5522:1. 5200:. 5192:, 5188:, 5167:. 5159:, 5155:, 5070:. 5014:A 4890:La 4188:; 4106:, 4091:, 4014:, 3942:, 3843:, 3682:, 3642:, 3528:de 3517:de 3388:, 3382:, 3365:, 3352:, 3282:, 3267:, 3254:, 3227:, 3037:, 2995:, 2982:ca 2978:, 2899:au 2895:, 2866:, 2851:, 2809:, 2698:, 2623:, 2580:, 2544:, 2529:, 2321:, 2230:) 2181:, 2177:, 2141:, 2097:. 2035:: 2011:, 2007:, 2003:, 1996:. 1988:, 1930:) 1824:. 1727:, 1693:. 1659:, 1623:. 1615:, 1611:, 1607:, 1560:. 1323:c. 1233:. 1163:,- 1067:: 1000:, 903:: 881:: 855:: 658:ca 611:, 602:, 588:, 533:, 245:L2 240:L1 210:· 141:V. 132:) 130:A. 116:B. 112:C. 110:, 108:N. 33:, 22446:e 22439:t 22432:v 21172:e 21165:t 21158:v 21027:) 21003:( 20956:( 20945:) 20937:( 20878:e 20871:t 20864:v 20558:) 20554:( 20530:e 20523:t 20516:v 20437:† 20228:) 20191:e 20184:t 20177:v 20153:† 20147:† 20141:† 20135:† 20112:) 20021:) 19986:) 19947:e 19940:t 19933:v 19100:) 19094:( 18032:) 18028:( 18018:e 18011:t 18004:v 17753:) 17747:( 17742:) 17738:( 17734:. 17716:. 17684:. 17665:. 17630:. 17597:. 17588:. 17561:. 17531:. 17512:. 17500:: 17483:. 17453:. 17418:. 17406:: 17389:) 17375:. 17363:: 17346:. 17327:. 17308:. 17304:: 17287:. 17278:. 17254:: 17233:. 17200:. 17167:. 17148:. 17115:. 17087:. 17052:) 17020:. 17001:. 16982:. 16957:. 16935:. 16912:. 16893:. 16874:. 16841:. 16818:. 16797:. 16778:. 16760:. 16741:. 16729:: 16712:. 16688:. 16669:. 16580:. 16567:. 16438:. 16353:. 16300:. 16195:. 15983:. 15958:. 15870:. 15507:. 15477:. 15436:. 15423:. 15407:. 15405:. 15375:. 15357:. 15339:. 15337:. 15306:. 15275:. 15245:. 15214:. 15175:. 15060:. 14997:. 14849:. 14833:. 14721:. 14696:. 14662:. 14607:. 14577:. 14524:. 14494:. 14464:. 14438:. 14407:. 14355:. 14316:. 14274:: 14266:: 14206:. 14176:. 14146:. 14113:. 14074:. 14002:. 13977:. 13963:" 13959:" 13955:. 13941:" 13937:" 13926:. 13913:. 13812:" 13808:" 13796:. 13768:. 13749:. 13723:. 13698:. 13673:. 13628:. 13573:. 13519:. 13479:. 13449:. 13412:. 13343:. 13311:. 13245:. 13215:. 13134:. 13121:. 12667:. 12605:i 12469:— 12466:— 11958:( 11780:( 11540:( 11532:) 11526:( 11518:) 11512:( 11490:a 11444:( 11436:) 11430:( 11356:/ 11344:/ 11313:/ 11301:/ 11282:/ 11270:/ 11258:/ 11246:/ 11228:a 11225:t 11220:/ 11216:t 11207:a 11204:d 11199:/ 11195:t 11180:a 11177:n 11172:/ 11168:n 11159:a 11156:n 11151:/ 11142:n 11132:a 11124:/ 11111:a 11108:j 11103:/ 11084:/ 11072:/ 11070:ø 11062:/ 11015:s 10889:s 10874:a 10816:s 10801:a 10735:. 10664:. 10599:i 10589:x 10550:i 10544:e 10509:c 10502:i 10496:e 10454:i 10448:e 10413:g 10406:i 10400:e 10325:~ 10316:g 10313:~ 10310:j 10294:i 10288:g 10263:j 10256:i 10250:e 10239:g 10194:ç 10187:e 10181:i 10170:c 10052:s 10007:e 10001:i 9839:e 9833:i 9800:ç 9737:Ü 9730:Ú 9719:Ò 9712:Ó 9690:Ï 9683:Í 9672:È 9665:É 9654:Ç 9643:À 9629:Z 9620:Y 9611:X 9602:W 9593:V 9584:U 9575:T 9566:S 9557:R 9548:Q 9539:P 9530:O 9521:N 9512:M 9503:L 9494:K 9485:J 9476:I 9467:H 9458:G 9449:F 9440:E 9431:D 9422:C 9413:B 9404:A 9222:c 9213:c 9061:( 8766:/ 8754:/ 8206:/ 8182:/ 7845:) 7841:( 7205:/ 6945:e 6939:a 6785:ɾ 6773:r 6765:ɾ 6757:r 6687:ɣ 6675:ð 6663:β 6648:. 6584:r 6564:ɾ 6546:ʎ 6539:l 6521:w 6514:j 6487:ʒ 6480:z 6472:v 6469:( 6453:ʃ 6446:s 6439:f 6359:ɡ 6353:ɟ 6346:d 6339:b 6323:k 6317:c 6310:t 6303:p 6282:ŋ 6275:ɲ 6268:n 6261:m 5957:ŏ 5951:ĕ 5937:. 5469:) 5465:( 5448:) 5444:( 5427:) 5423:( 4202:( 4176:( 3882:/ 3792:/ 2226:( 2173:( 1926:( 1647:( 1321:( 1218:/ 1215:n 1212:æ 1209:l 1206:ˈ 1203:ə 1200:t 1197:æ 1194:k 1191:ˌ 1188:/ 1172:/ 1169:n 1166:æ 1160:n 1157:ə 1154:l 1151:ə 1148:t 1145:æ 1142:k 1139:ˈ 1136:/ 1063:( 1028:) 1012:( 996:( 984:( 899:( 851:( 803:. 619:) 565:) 486:) 482:( 457:† 404:) 394:) 199:( 143:) 139:( 124:( 106:( 65:. 41:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index