176:
303:
535:. It is mainly split across the Roma-Ancona line, which divides the Central dialects into a Northwestern Perimedian group and a Southeastern Median one. Romanesco, the historical dialect of Rome, has lost most of its Central peculiarities and is not a regular part of Central, as it historically is the product of the implantation of Florentine on Old Romanesco, the ancient Median dialect which was spoken in Rome prior to the 1500s.
1381:
Lorenzo Renzi, Nuova introduzione alla filologia romanza, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1994, p. 176 «I dialetti settentrionali formano un blocco abbastanza compatto con molti tratti comuni che li accostano, oltre che tra loro, qualche volta anche alla parlate cosiddette ladine e alle lingue galloromanze
1382:
Alcuni fenomeni morfologici innovativi sono pure abbastanza largamente comuni, come la doppia serie pronominale soggetto (non sempre in tutte le persone) Ma piĂč spesso il veneto si distacca dal gruppo, lasciando cosĂŹ da una parte tutti gli altri dialetti, detti gallo-italici.»
1239:
1237:
318:, and then usually grouped with Istriot. However, Venetian is not grouped into the Italo-Dalmatian languages by Ethnologue and Glottolog, unlike Istriot.
3299:
1410:
392:, spoken on the northern tip of Sardinia, can be considered either dialects of Corsican or Corso-Sardinian transitional varieties.
1861:
1793:
1596:
1591:
1535:
1423:
1696:
1586:
1235:
716:
1811:
2650:
1331:
3327:
2710:
1343:
1998:
1603:
1403:
712:
Sicilian dialects on other islands: Isole Eolie, on the
Aeolian Islands; Pantesco, on the island of Pantelleria.
2798:
2699:
2669:
2606:
2284:
709:: Western Sicilian; Central Metafonetica; Southeast Metafonetica; Ennese; Eastern Nonmetafonetica; Messinese.
362:
Other dialects: Pistoiese; Pesciatino or
Valdinievolese; Lucchese; Versiliese; Viareggino; Pisano-Livornese.
2733:
2136:
931:
874:
3174:
2612:
1581:
1510:
1057:
1049:
862:
720:, or Central-Southern Calabrian: dialects are spoken in the central and southern areas of the region of
2895:
2467:
1902:
1460:
1396:
1065:
978:
648:
547:, or known in Italian linguistics as the "intermediate southern dialect group", is spoken in: southern
2482:
2394:
2003:
1844:
1559:
1488:
1470:
1453:
1448:
1438:
1197:
1097:
1032:
1002:
834:
816:
216:
204:
196:
192:
151:
146:
81:
1080:
is sometimes included in Gallo-Italic, but it has several characteristics that set it apart from it.
3187:
3091:
1964:
1912:
1691:
1639:
951:
679:, known in Italian linguistics as the "extreme southern dialect group", is spoken on the island of
2555:
2146:
2100:
1981:
1954:
1893:
1830:
1776:
1483:
1145:
894:
791:
are varieties of
Italian used by Jewish communities, between the 10th and the 20th centuries, in
71:
2151:
1233:
3273:
2489:
1907:
1853:
1505:
1190:
1178:
1104:
1084:
The OĂŻl languages, Arpitan, Occitano-Romance and Rhaeto-Romance languages are sometimes called
1061:
1041:
822:
788:
782:
222:
129:
456:
regions where it plays a significant role in various sectors. Italian is also spoken by large
3305:
3250:
3056:
3051:
2704:
2682:
2573:
2501:
2324:
1986:
1749:
1169:
2969:
1937:
3255:
3029:
2645:
2618:
2544:
2404:
2203:
2131:
2083:
2077:
2040:
2023:
453:
3039:
2452:
1520:
1013:
939:
8:
2740:
2632:
2600:
2594:
2215:
2175:
2141:
1969:
1733:
1130:
1126:
1111:
826:
754:
652:
610:
588:
544:
449:
238:
3003:
2436:
2111:
2045:
904:
854:
3245:
2974:
2830:
2788:
2754:
2748:
2638:
2581:
2538:
2521:
2259:
2252:
2088:
1876:
1817:
1673:
1661:
1540:
1478:
1186:
1182:
1165:
1149:
838:
501:
477:
473:
348:
263:
250:
200:
3023:
1515:
1309:
1273:
166:
3202:
3181:
3101:
3061:
2920:
2848:
2842:
2766:
2658:
2568:
2509:
2421:
2379:
2180:
2126:
1932:
1917:
1888:
1871:
1781:
1744:
1713:
1701:
1620:
1608:
1525:
1500:
1494:
1419:
1388:
1327:
1153:
1134:
1077:
967:
727:
702:
676:
489:
375:
331:
311:
282:
242:
234:
188:
91:
59:
39:
20:
3044:
2013:
1991:
3155:
3145:
3130:
3118:
3034:
2983:
2947:
2925:
2912:
2906:
2835:
2824:
2728:
2693:
2677:
2526:
2514:
2447:
2411:
2399:
2367:
2292:
2264:
2237:
2067:
2062:
2050:
2030:
2018:
1959:
1866:
1823:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1718:
1649:
1633:
1530:
1205:
1201:
1157:
1115:
1053:
1024:
1009:
994:
990:
955:
920:
916:
878:
866:
850:
842:
830:
762:
493:
485:
469:
457:
405:
356:
278:
226:
76:
2930:
2880:
765:: spoken in Cilento, influenced by both Neapolitan language and Sicilian language.
3239:
3225:
3106:
3008:
2998:
2942:
2793:
2781:
2721:
2716:
2531:
2460:
2442:
2416:
2389:
2319:
2276:
2188:
2169:
2121:
2008:
1974:
1927:
1922:
1644:
1576:
1548:
1243:
1161:
1073:
982:
935:
924:
912:
908:
870:
846:
512:
327:
246:
230:
66:
55:
2242:
3290:
3197:
3192:
3113:
2993:
2955:
2687:
2247:
2193:
2163:
2055:
1739:
1667:
1613:
1119:
1017:
963:
882:
497:
429:
175:
2336:
3321:
3232:
3135:
3123:
2855:
2563:
2220:
2158:
1654:
1326:
Harris, Martin; Vincent, Nigel (1997). Romance
Languages. London: Routlegde.
1138:
1069:
998:
971:
742:
433:
3014:
2874:
2314:
2269:
770:
421:
315:
124:
1291:
1255:
1230:
The
Linguasphere register of the world's languages and speech communities.
515:, or in Italian linguistics "Median Italian", is spoken in the regions of
3076:
3069:
2806:
2372:
1045:
959:
858:
413:
43:
2341:
2384:
2354:
2346:
2302:
2297:
1947:
1706:
635:
572:
417:
3150:
2988:
2330:
1625:
1028:
934:
language, also known as Franco-Provençal. It shares features of both
804:
465:
389:
385:
302:
160:
119:
2776:
2935:
2771:
2587:
2035:
1883:
721:
696:
684:
656:
600:
580:
564:
461:
352:
267:
3140:
2759:
2624:
2362:
1786:
1771:
750:
746:
731:
692:
662:
624:
614:
556:
532:
528:
437:
379:
339:
335:
290:
271:
1232:
Observatoire
Linguistique, Linguasphere Press. Volume 2. Oxford.
1005:, or as an independent branch of the Western Romance languages.
2961:
2307:
2230:
2210:
1942:
986:
974:, or as an independent branch of the Western Romance languages.
796:
735:
706:
688:
680:
642:
628:
618:
596:
592:
576:
568:
560:
548:
524:
520:
445:
425:
286:
51:
47:
2225:
2198:
800:
792:
604:
552:
516:
441:
409:
86:
970:
of Friuli. Rhaeto-Romance languages can be classified as
314:
is sometimes added to Italo-Dalmatian when excluded from
191:. It comprises two of the branches of Romance languages:
448:, where it is still widely spoken, as well as in former
19:"Italo-Western" redirects here. For the film genre, see
187:
is, in some classifications, the largest branch of the
1418:
641:
Pugliese or
Apulian: spoken in the northern region of
651:, also known as or Northern Calabrian: spoken in the
2110:
484:, Amended Florentine Pronunciation) is based on the
334:: group of dialects spoken in the Italian region of
476:: it has been then deeply influenced by almost all
370:
Dialects of
Aretino-Chianaiolo, Senese, Grossetano.
997:. Occitano-Romance languages can be classified as
634:Basilicatine (Lucanian): spoken in the region of
3319:
773:languages are spoken in Central-Southern Italy.
1068:. Gallo-Italic languages can be classified as
1404:
810:
210:
3300:languages with more than 5 million speakers
1356:
1354:
1352:
480:while its received pronunciation (known as
285:variety spoken in the southwestern part of
2883:(mixed RomaniâIbero- and Occitano-Romance)
1411:
1397:
942:. Sometimes included in the OĂŻl languages.
382:, is thought to be descended from Tuscan.
1349:
301:
274:. It became extinct in the 19th century.
1224:
1222:
1012:, or langue d'oc, has dialects such as
3320:
1160:. Going from north to south, they are
436:). It used to have official status in
1392:
1320:
613:-Southern Marchigiano: spoken in the
472:was initially and primarily based on
1375:
1219:
256:
13:
3304:Languages between parentheses are
1368:(m., f., m.pl., f.pl.). Sicilian:
1366:Calabro, Calabra, Calabri, calabre
1091:
1027:has standard forms of Catalan and
907:, or OĂŻl languages. These include
507:
14:
3339:
3184:(unknown further classification)
825:, Dalby lists a dozen languages:
1204:: usually classified as part of
888:
776:
174:
1344:La pronuncia italiana (Italian)
1148:: they are, from east to west,
3308:of the language on their left.
3178:(Western Romance-based pidgin)
1337:
1302:
1284:
1266:
1248:
665:, spoken in the town of Vasto.
595:, Southern Laziale: spoken in
225:, Dalby lists four languages:
1:
1212:
1127:Galician-Portuguese languages
875:Arpitan (or Franco-Provençal)
741:Southern Cilentan: spoken in
538:
482:Pronuncia Fiorentina Emendata
940:Provençal dialect of Occitan
492:; these are the reasons why
7:
3175:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
946:Gallo-Romance can include:
683:; and in the south of both
669:
496:differs significantly from
478:regional languages of Italy
408:is an official language in
338:, and the French island of
297:
10:
3344:
2877:(mixed PortugueseâSpanish)
1903:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
1697:CentralâSouthern Calabrian
1362:Calabrese (pl. Calebresi).
1208:, see Gallo-Romance above.
1095:
1066:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
979:Occitano-Romance languages
892:
814:
780:
705:, spoken on the island of
400:
367:Southern Tuscan dialects:
345:Northern Tuscan dialects:
221:Based on the criterion of
214:
18:
3282:
3266:
3217:
3166:
3090:
2894:
2867:
2816:
2668:
2554:
2500:
2481:
2432:
2099:
1852:
1843:
1804:
1684:
1569:
1558:
1469:
1431:
1098:Iberian Romance languages
1074:Northern Italian dialects
817:Western Romance languages
811:Western Romance languages
757:, in the Campania region.
695:, in the southernmost of
351:is spoken in the city of
321:
217:Italo-Dalmatian languages
211:Italo-Dalmatian languages
173:
159:
140:
112:
67:Linguistic classification
65:
33:
28:
2185:North American dialects
1692:Extreme Southern Italian
1228:David Dalby, 1999/2000,
1154:central-eastern Asturian
952:Rhaeto-Romance languages
899:Gallo-Romance includes:
638:, also known as Lucania.
587:The Campano dialects of
575:; and the north of both
527:, and in small parts of
355:, and was the basis for
3328:Italo-Western languages
1604:CentralâNorthern Latian
1189:. Can be classified as
1146:Astur-Leonese languages
1031:. Can be classified as
966:of the Dolomites area,
895:Gallo-Romance languages
789:Judeo-Italian languages
16:Romance language branch
1908:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
1370:calabbrĂŹsi, calavrĂŹsi
1360:Calabrian in Italian:
1105:West Iberian languages
1062:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
1042:Gallo-Italic languages
1018:Gascon-Aranese dialect
823:mutual intelligibility
783:Judeo-Italian language
458:expatriate communities
307:
223:mutual intelligibility
2395:PoitevinâSaintongeais
1198:East Iberian language
305:
2204:St. Marys Bay French
1728:NeapolitanâCalabrese
1181:languages: includes
753:, which is southern
617:region and southern
454:Italian North Africa
2556:GalicianâPortuguese
1582:Central Marchigiano
1112:Castilian languages
755:Province of Salerno
749:in southern tip of
734:region of southern
653:Province of Cosenza
545:Neapolitan language
450:Italian East Africa
2970:Catalan Ribagorçan
2817:PyreneanâMozarabic
2089:Judaeo-Piedmontese
1999:BustoccoâLegnanese
1794:Northern Calabrian
1242:2014-08-27 at the
1185:, and the extinct
1179:PyreneanâMozarabic
1058:Emiliano-Romagnolo
769:In addition, some
502:Florentine variety
308:
306:Venetian varieties
266:was spoken in the
264:Dalmatian language
201:Sardinian language
199:. It excludes the
3315:
3314:
3291:extinct languages
3213:
3212:
2890:
2889:
2849:Navarro-Aragonese
2734:Peruvian Ribereño
2659:Judaeo-Portuguese
2574:GalicianâAsturian
2477:
2476:
2468:Old Gallo-Romance
2422:Wisconsin Walloon
1839:
1838:
1812:Dalmatian Romance
1420:Romance languages
1078:Venetian language
1014:Provençal dialect
677:Sicilian language
312:Venetian language
287:Istrian peninsula
257:Dalmatian Romance
189:Romance languages
182:
181:
40:Italian Peninsula
21:Spaghetti Western
3335:
2836:Judaeo-Aragonese
2825:Andalusi Romance
2678:Amazonic Spanish
2515:Western Asturian
2498:
2497:
2437:Franco-Provençal
2108:
2107:
2004:ComascoâLecchese
1862:EmilianâRomagnol
1850:
1849:
1650:Regional Italian
1640:Italo-Australian
1567:
1566:
1489:Megleno-Romanian
1413:
1406:
1399:
1390:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1358:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1252:
1246:
1226:
1206:Occitano-Romance
1202:Catalan language
1025:Catalan language
1010:Occitan language
835:Asturian-Leonese
730:, spoken in the
627:: spoken in the
470:Italian language
357:Standard Italian
279:Istriot language
178:
169:
26:
25:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3278:
3262:
3240:Pannonian Latin
3226:African Romance
3209:
3162:
3093:
3086:
3024:Judeo-Provençal
2897:
2886:
2863:
2812:
2722:Chilean Chilote
2664:
2550:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2473:
2461:Moselle Romance
2428:
2277:Missouri French
2238:Franco-Ontarian
2113:
2102:
2095:
1835:
1800:
1777:Southern Latian
1680:
1645:Maltese Italian
1577:Central Italian
1561:
1554:
1549:Common Romanian
1465:
1449:Italo-Dalmatian
1427:
1417:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1376:
1359:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1325:
1321:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1244:Wayback Machine
1227:
1220:
1215:
1100:
1094:
1092:Iberian-Romance
1044:. They include
1003:Iberian-Romance
983:Southern France
954:. They include
909:Standard French
897:
891:
819:
813:
785:
779:
703:Sicilian proper
672:
603:; and southern
551:; southernmost
541:
513:Central Italian
510:
508:Central Italian
403:
324:
300:
259:
247:Central Italian
219:
213:
205:Eastern Romance
197:Western Romance
193:Italo-Dalmatian
165:
152:Western Romance
147:Italo-Dalmatian
136:
115:
82:Latino-Faliscan
56:Channel Islands
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3341:
3331:
3330:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3302:
3293:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3179:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3098:
3096:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2991:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2964:
2959:
2956:Judaeo-Catalan
2952:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2923:
2915:
2902:
2900:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2878:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2828:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2711:Latin American
2707:
2702:
2690:
2688:Judaeo-Spanish
2685:
2680:
2674:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2615:
2610:
2603:
2591:
2584:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2506:
2504:
2495:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2339:
2334:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2183:
2178:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2105:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2081:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1858:
1856:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1831:Judaeo-Italian
1828:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1699:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1573:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1491:
1486:
1484:Istro-Romanian
1481:
1475:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1441:
1435:
1433:
1432:Major branches
1429:
1428:
1424:classification
1416:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1374:
1348:
1336:
1319:
1301:
1283:
1265:
1247:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1194:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1162:Leonese proper
1158:Leonese proper
1142:
1123:
1120:Judaeo-Spanish
1096:Main article:
1093:
1090:
1086:Gallo-Rhaetian
1082:
1081:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1021:
975:
944:
943:
928:
893:Main article:
890:
887:
815:Main article:
812:
809:
781:Main article:
778:
775:
767:
766:
760:
759:
758:
739:
725:
713:
710:
671:
668:
667:
666:
660:
655:, in northern
646:
639:
632:
622:
608:
540:
537:
509:
506:
402:
399:
398:
397:
396:
395:
394:
393:
373:
372:
371:
365:
364:
363:
360:
323:
320:
299:
296:
295:
294:
275:
258:
255:
215:Main article:
212:
209:
180:
179:
171:
170:
163:
157:
156:
155:
154:
149:
142:
138:
137:
135:
134:
133:
132:
118:
116:
113:
110:
109:
108:
107:
106:
105:
104:
103:
102:
101:
100:
99:
69:
63:
62:
37:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3340:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3307:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3275:
3274:Proto-Romance
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:Reconstructed
3265:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3233:British Latin
3230:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3089:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3052:Vivaro-Alpine
3050:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2893:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2858:
2857:
2856:Old Navarrese
2853:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2706:
2705:Equatoguinean
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2486:
2480:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:Frainc-Comtou
2157:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2098:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1955:Judeo-Italian
1953:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1750:Castelmezzano
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1655:Swiss Italian
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:Transylvanian
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1495:Daco-Romanian
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1444:Italo-Western
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1378:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1346:. treccani.it
1345:
1340:
1333:
1332:0-415-16417-6
1329:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1218:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1070:Gallo-Romance
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1000:
999:Gallo-Romance
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
973:
972:Gallo-Romance
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
948:
947:
941:
937:
933:
929:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
905:Langues d'oĂŻl
902:
901:
900:
896:
889:Gallo-Romance
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
818:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
784:
777:Judeo-Italian
774:
772:
764:
761:
756:
752:
748:
744:
743:Roccagloriosa
740:
737:
733:
729:
726:
723:
719:
718:
714:
711:
708:
704:
701:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
673:
664:
661:
658:
654:
650:
647:
644:
640:
637:
633:
630:
626:
623:
620:
616:
612:
609:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
585:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:Roman dialect
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
391:
387:
384:
383:
381:
377:
374:
369:
368:
366:
361:
358:
354:
350:
347:
346:
344:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
326:
325:
319:
317:
313:
304:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
273:
269:
265:
261:
260:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
218:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:Italo-Western
177:
172:
168:
164:
162:
158:
153:
150:
148:
145:
144:
143:
139:
131:
130:Proto-Romance
128:
127:
126:
123:
122:
121:
117:
111:
98:
97:Italo-Western
95:
94:
93:
90:
89:
88:
85:
84:
83:
80:
79:
78:
75:
74:
73:
72:Indo-European
70:
68:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
38:
32:
29:Italo-Western
27:
22:
3295:
3286:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3173:
3075:
3068:
3030:Languedocien
3022:
3015:Judeo-Gascon
3013:
2954:
2905:
2875:Barranquenho
2854:
2847:
2823:
2805:
2747:
2709:
2692:
2683:Extremaduran
2657:
2631:
2617:
2605:
2593:
2586:
2543:
2502:Asturleonese
2466:
2459:
2417:West Walloon
2405:Saintongeais
2353:
2329:
2325:Anglo-Norman
2283:
2216:Newfoundland
2176:Jersey Legal
2168:
2076:
2041:Southwestern
2024:Vallassinese
1913:Gallo-Picene
1854:Gallo-Italic
1816:
1732:
1727:
1666:
1632:
1547:
1493:
1443:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1339:
1322:
1313:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1229:
1191:West Iberian
1170:Extremaduran
1085:
1083:
1033:East Iberian
945:
898:
855:Gallo-Wallon
820:
786:
771:Gallo-Italic
768:
715:
542:
511:
481:
424:and western
422:Vatican City
404:
378:, spoken on
316:Gallo-Italic
309:
220:
184:
183:
141:Subdivisions
125:Vulgar Latin
96:
36:distribution
3251:Campidanese
3077:Old Catalan
3070:Old Occitan
2807:Old Spanish
2741:Rioplatense
2545:Old Leonese
2373:Cotentinais
2337:Guernésiais
2260:Frenchville
2253:New England
2132:Bourbonnais
2084:Piedmontese
2078:Old Lombard
1970:Bergamasque
1894:Sammarinese
1129:: includes
1114:: includes
1046:Piedmontese
989:, includes
987:East Iberia
960:Switzerland
859:Piedmontese
567:(including
414:Switzerland
114:Early forms
44:Switzerland
3298:indicates
3256:Logudorese
2789:Philippine
2755:Andalusian
2749:Peninsular
2639:Estremenho
2595:Portuguese
2522:Cantabrian
2355:Law French
2347:Sercquiais
2181:Meridional
2142:Champenois
2137:Burgundian
1948:Tabarchino
1938:Monégasque
1877:Parmigiano
1734:Neapolitan
1707:Manduriano
1674:Florentine
1541:Wallachian
1511:Bukovinian
1364:Synonyms:
1296:Ethnologue
1274:"Venetian"
1260:Ethnologue
1256:"Venetian"
1213:References
1150:Cantabrian
1131:Portuguese
827:Portuguese
636:Basilicata
589:Neapolitan
573:Basilicata
539:Neapolitan
523:, Central
474:Florentine
418:San Marino
349:Florentine
270:region of
239:Neapolitan
34:Geographic
3306:varieties
3289:indicate
3246:Sardinian
3203:Triestine
3151:Sursilvan
3062:Mentonasc
3040:Provençal
2989:Auvergnat
2975:Valencian
2931:Mallorcan
2921:Algherese
2896:Occitano-
2843:Navarrese
2831:Aragonese
2767:Castilian
2670:Castilian
2646:Uruguayan
2619:Brazilian
2582:Minderico
2576:/Eonavian
2539:Mirandese
2453:ValdĂŽtain
2439:/Arpitan
2380:Orléanais
2331:Auregnais
2315:Mayennais
2265:Louisiana
2147:Ardennais
2127:Berrichon
1933:Intemelio
1889:Forlivese
1872:Bolognese
1818:Dalmatian
1782:Tarantino
1745:Benevento
1702:Salentino
1662:Sassarese
1626:Gallurese
1609:Romanesco
1562:Dalmatian
1526:Moldavian
1521:MaramureÈ
1479:Aromanian
1314:Glottolog
1310:"Istriot"
1292:"Istriot"
1278:Glottolog
1187:Mozarabic
1183:Aragonese
1166:Mirandese
1029:Valencian
851:Provençal
839:Aragonese
821:Based on
805:Zakinthos
728:Salentino
691:; and in
649:Cosentino
611:Abruzzese
466:Australia
390:Sassarese
386:Gallurese
251:Dalmatian
161:Glottolog
120:Old Latin
3322:Category
3182:Venetian
3156:Vallader
3146:Surmiran
3119:Cadorino
3102:Friulian
3035:Limousin
3004:BĂ©arnese
2966:Western
2948:Northern
2936:Menorcan
2926:Balearic
2917:Eastern
2913:dialects
2772:Castrapo
2729:Peruvian
2700:dialects
2633:European
2601:dialects
2588:Portugis
2569:Galician
2510:Asturian
2448:Savoyard
2400:Poitevin
2368:Cauchois
2342:JĂšrriais
2189:Canadian
2068:Varesino
2063:Ticinese
2051:Novarese
2046:Cremunés
2036:Ossolano
2031:Milanese
2019:Lecchese
1987:Brianzöö
1918:Ligurian
1884:Romagnol
1765:Arianese
1760:Irpinian
1755:Cilentan
1719:Pantesco
1714:Sicilian
1685:Southern
1621:Corsican
1597:Macerata
1592:Fabriano
1531:Oltenian
1501:dialects
1461:Southern
1240:Archived
1135:Galician
1050:Ligurian
968:Friulian
938:and the
863:Ligurian
763:Cilentan
722:Calabria
697:Campania
685:Calabria
670:Sicilian
657:Calabria
601:Campania
581:Calabria
565:Campania
500:and its
462:Americas
430:Slovenia
376:Corsican
353:Florence
332:Corsican
298:Venetian
283:moribund
268:Dalmatia
243:Sicilian
235:Corsican
167:ital1285
3287:Italics
3188:Chipilo
3131:Romansh
3094:Romance
3092:Rhaeto-
3057:Gardiol
3009:Landese
2999:Aranese
2984:Occitan
2943:Central
2907:Catalan
2898:Romance
2799:Creoles
2794:Saharan
2782:Murcian
2760:Llanito
2717:Chilean
2694:Spanish
2651:Creoles
2625:Mineiro
2607:African
2532:Riberan
2527:Leonese
2492:Iberian
2485:Romance
2412:Walloon
2385:Paydret
2363:Augeron
2303:Vosgien
2298:Gaumais
2293:Lorrain
2285:Creoles
2248:Muskrat
2194:Acadian
2122:Angevin
2112:Langues
2103:Romance
2009:Comasco
1982:Western
1975:Cremish
1965:Eastern
1960:Lombard
1928:Genoese
1923:Brigasc
1867:Emilian
1845:Western
1824:Istriot
1787:Vastese
1772:Molisan
1634:Italian
1570:Central
1516:CriÈana
1471:Eastern
1454:Western
1439:Eastern
1116:Spanish
1054:Lombard
995:Catalan
991:Occitan
956:Romansh
932:Arpitan
921:Lorrain
917:Walloon
879:Romansh
867:Lombard
843:Catalan
831:Spanish
751:Cilento
747:Rofrano
732:Salento
717:Calabro
693:Cilento
663:Vastese
631:region.
625:Molisan
621:region.
615:Abruzzo
557:Abruzzo
533:Tuscany
529:Abruzzo
494:Italian
488:of the
460:in the
438:Albania
434:Croatia
406:Italian
401:Italian
380:Corsica
340:Corsica
336:Tuscany
291:Croatia
272:Croatia
227:Italian
92:Romance
3218:Others
3198:Talian
3193:Fiuman
3167:Others
3107:Fornes
3045:Niçard
2994:Gascon
2962:Patuet
2868:Others
2777:CastĂșo
2483:Ibero-
2443:Faetar
2390:Picard
2320:Norman
2308:Welche
2231:Magoua
2221:Quebec
2211:Brayon
2170:French
2152:RĂ©mois
2101:Gallo-
2056:Pavese
2014:Laghée
1992:Canzés
1943:Royasc
1805:Others
1740:Barese
1668:Tuscan
1614:Sabino
1587:Ancona
1560:Italo-
1330:
1168:, and
1137:, and
1076:. The
1072:or as
1016:, and
936:French
925:Norman
913:Picard
881:, and
871:French
847:Gascon
797:Greece
736:Apulia
707:Sicily
689:Apulia
681:Sicily
643:Apulia
629:Molise
619:Marche
597:Naples
593:Irpino
577:Apulia
569:Naples
561:Molise
549:Marche
525:Marche
521:Umbria
498:Tuscan
486:accent
468:. The
446:Monaco
426:Istria
328:Tuscan
322:Tuscan
249:, and
231:Tuscan
77:Italic
60:Iberia
52:Istria
48:France
3141:PutĂšr
3136:Jauer
3124:Nones
3114:Ladin
2613:Asian
2270:Houma
2243:MĂ©tis
2226:Joual
2199:Chiac
2164:Gallo
2114:d'oĂŻl
1506:Banat
1200:, or
964:Ladin
883:Ladin
801:Corfu
793:Italy
605:Lazio
553:Lazio
517:Lazio
442:Malta
410:Italy
281:is a
87:Latin
3296:Bold
2881:CalĂł
2564:Fala
2490:West
1328:ISBN
1196:The
1177:The
1156:and
1144:The
1139:Fala
1125:The
1118:and
1110:The
1103:The
1064:and
1040:The
1023:The
1008:The
993:and
985:and
977:The
950:The
930:The
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903:The
803:and
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745:and
687:and
675:The
599:and
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452:and
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432:and
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