Franco-Provençal - Knowledge

1812: 14846: 8317: 1885:) states that the language loss by generation was 90%, made up of: "the proportion of fathers who did not usually speak to their 5-year-old children in the language that their own father usually spoke in to them at the same age". This was a greater loss than undergone by any other language in France, a loss called "critical". The report estimated that fewer than 15,000 speakers in France were handing down some knowledge of Franco-Provençal to their children (figures for France: Héran, Filhon, & Deprez, 2002; figure 1, 1-C, p. 2). 1841:

basis. In 2018, other linguistic academics estimated the number of speakers of Franco-provençal in Aosta Valley to be between 21,000 and 70,000, depending on whether one would choose the number of speakers designating Franco-provençal as their native language, or whether one included all those declaring they knew the language, irrespective of native language considerations. That same year, academic Riccardo Regis calculated that there were 50,000 Franco-provençal speakers in Aosta Valley.

562: 1750:) in this region. The constitution of Italy was amended to change the status of the former province to an autonomous region. This gives the Aosta Valley special powers to make its own decisions about certain matters. This resulted in growth in the region's economy and the population increased from 1951 to 1991, improving long-term prospects. Residents were encouraged to stay in the region and they worked to continue long-held traditions. 10784: 13278: 13572: 14470: 10398:, an epic with 10,002 lines from the mid-12th century, has been asserted to be Franco-Provençal. It certainly contains prominent Franco-Provençal features, although the editor of an authoritative edition of this work claims that the language is a mixture of French and Occitan forms. A significant document from the same period containing a list of vassals in the County of Forez also is not without literary value. 10774: 1828:(and used in the 2001 European Commission report). At the time, 55.77% of residents said they knew Franco-provençal and 50.53% said they knew French, Franco-provençal and Italian. This opened a discussion about the concept of mother tongue when concerning a dialect. The Aosta Valley was confirmed as the only area where Franco-provençal is actively spoken in the early 21st century. A report published by 10534: 1162: 62: 10381: 1090: 1803:(ECRML) that would guarantee certain rights to Franco-Provencal. This language has almost no political support in France and it is associated with generally low social status. This situation affects most regional languages that comprise the linguistic wealth of France. Speakers of regional languages are aging and live in mostly rural areas. 6392: 1337: 1069:. Franco-Provençal dialects were widely spoken in their speech areas until the 20th century. As French political power expanded and the "single-national-language" doctrine was spread through French-only education, Franco-Provençal speakers abandoned their language, which had numerous spoken variations and no standard 10941:("When the earth sang"), are well known for their use of patois in the 20th century. Louis des Ambrois de Nevache, from Upper Susa Valley, transcribed popular songs and wrote some original poetry in local patois. There are compositions in the current language on the album Enfestar, an artistic project from Piedmont 1827:

having the greatest population of active daily speakers. A 2001 survey of 7,250 people by the Fondation Émile Chanoux revealed that 15% of all Aosta Valley residents claimed Franco-Provençal as their mother tongue, a substantial reduction to the figures reported on the Italian census 20 years earlier

1753:

The language was explicitly protected by a 1991 Italian presidential decree and a national law passed in 1999. Further, a regional law passed by the government in Aosta requires educators to promote knowledge of Franco-Provençal language and culture in the school curriculum. Several cultural groups,

1156:

a type of language that brings together, along with some characteristics which are its own, characteristics partly in common with French, and partly in common with Provençal, and are not caused by a late confluence of diverse elements, but on the contrary, attests to its own historical independence,

1844:

The 2009 edition of ethnologue.com (Lewis, 2009) reported that there were 70,000 Franco-Provençal speakers in Italy. However, these figures are derived from the 1971 census. Outside of Aosta Valley, the alpine valleys of the adjacent province of Turin were estimated to be the home of another 22,000

1840:

region of Italy, according to reports compiled after the 2003 linguistic survey conducted by the Fondation Chanoux. In 2010, anthropologist and ethnologist Christiane Dunoyer proposed a much more conservative estimate of speakers in Aosta Valley at 40,000, with 20,000 using the language on a daily

11894:

According to the largest sociolinguistic survey conducted by the Fondation Emile Chanoux in 2001 on a sample of 7,250 Aosta Valley residents, the number of speakers is between 21,000-70,000 (i.e., 40% to 56% of the overall regional population of 128,000 inhabitants). The count depends on whether

1876:

In rural areas of the cantons of Valais and Fribourg in Switzerland, various dialects are spoken as a second language by about 7,000 residents (figures for Switzerland: Lewis, 2009). In the other cantons of Romandie where Franco-Provençal dialects used to be spoken, they are now all but extinct.

1021:

Franco-Provençal failed to garner the cultural prestige of its three more widely spoken neighbors: French, Occitan, and Italian. Communities where speakers lived were generally isolated from each other because of the mountains. In addition, the internal boundaries of the entire speech area were

10495:

Quant vit co li diz vicayros que ay o coventavet fayre, ce alyet cela part et en ot mout de dongiers et de travayl, ancis que cil qui gardont lo lua d'Emuet li volissant layssyer co que il demandavet et que li evesques de Valenci o volit commandar. Totes veys yses com Deus o aveyt ordonat oy se

1147:

un tipo idiomatico, il quale insieme riunisce, con alcuni caratteri specifici, più altri caratteri, che parte son comuni al francese, parte lo sono al provenzale, e non proviene già da una confluenza di elementi diversi, ma bensì attesta sua propria indipendenza istorica, non guari dissimili da

6417:(Dalby, 1999/2000, pp. 402–403). Only two dialect groups – Lyonnaise and Dauphinois-N. – were recorded as having fewer than 1,000 speakers each. Linguasphere has not listed any dialect idiom as "extinct", however, many are highly endangered. A seventh isolated dialect group, consisting of 1081:

Franco-Provençal is an extremely fragmented language, with scores of highly peculiar local variations that never merged over time. The range of dialect diversity is far greater than that found in the langue d'oïl and Occitan regions. Comprehension of one dialect by speakers of another is often

995:

as early as the eighth–ninth centuries (Bec, 1971). However, Franco-Provençal is consistently typified by a strict, myopic comparison to French, and so is characterized as "conservative". Thus, commentators such as Désormaux consider "medieval" the terms for many nouns and verbs, including

8341: 10808:. She was a passionate advocate for her language. Her literary efforts encompassed lyrical themes, work, love, tragic loss, nature, the passing of time, religion, and politics, and are considered by many to be the most significant contributions to the literature. Among her works are: 1082:

difficult. Nowhere is it spoken in a "pure form" and there is not a "standard reference language" that the modern generic label used to identify the language may indicate. This explains why speakers use local terms to name it, such as Bressan, Forèzien, or Valdôtain, or simply

10882:

At the end of the 19th century, regional dialects of Franco-Provençal were disappearing due to the expansion of the French language into all walks of life and the emigration of rural people to urban centers. Cultural and regional savant societies began to collect oral

2178:(singular and plural) is clearly distinguished in feminine nouns, but not masculine nouns, where pronunciation is generally identical for those words ending with a vowel. To assist comprehension of written words, modern orthographers of the language have added an " 1918:. Most verbs have different endings for person, number, and tenses, making the use of the pronoun optional; thus, two grammatical functions are bound together. However, the second-person singular verb form regularly requires an appropriate pronoun for distinction. 1238:

because it underscores the independence of the language and does not imply a union to any other established linguistic group. "Arpitan" is derived from an indigenous word meaning "alpine" ("mountain highlands"). It was popularized in the 1980s by Mouvement

2522:), especially in the first-person singular. Masculine and feminine third-person singular pronouns are notable for the extremely wide variation in pronunciation from region to region. Impersonal subjects, such as weather and time, take the neuter pronoun " 1783:

predominates; they converse in the dialects mainly as a second language. The use in agrarian daily life is rapidly disappearing. However, in a few isolated places the decline is considerably less steep. This is most notably the case for the

1836:, which analyzed this data, reports that it is "probable" that the language will be "on the road to extinction" in this region in ten years. In 2005, the European Commission wrote that an approximate 68,000 people spoke the language in the 1880:

Until the mid-19th century, Franco-Provençal dialects were the most widely spoken language in their domain in France. Today, regional vernaculars are limited to a small number of speakers in secluded towns. A 2002 report by the INED

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on 4 March 1540 (the duchy was partially occupied by France since 1538). The edict explicitly replaced Latin (and by implication, any other language) with French as the language of law and the courts (Grillet, 1807, p. 65).

3614:

in the spoken language is a primary characteristic of Franco-Provençal that distinguishes it from French and Occitan. Franco-Provençal words take stress on the last syllable, as in French, or on the penultimate syllable, unlike

3830:, or ORB, devised by linguist Dominique Stich. It is the only orthography intended to represent all Franco-Provençal dialects. It strays from a close representation of various local pronunciations, instead opting for more 1016:

The antiquated character of the Savoyard patois is striking. One can note it not only in phonetics and morphology, but also in the vocabulary, where one finds numerous words and directions that clearly disappeared from

1200:. It continues to appear in the names of many Swiss cultural organizations today. The term "Romand" is also used by some professional linguists who feel that the compound word "Franco-Provençal" is "inappropriate". 1251:(Arpitan Cultural Alliance) is advancing the cause for the name "Arpitan" through the Internet, publishing efforts, and other activities. The organization was founded in 2004 by Stéphanie Lathion and Alban Lavy in 1761:

because there Franco-Provençal speakers make up less than 15% of the population. Lack of jobs has resulted in their migration from the Piedmont's alpine valleys, and contributed to the language's decline.

1745:

is the only region of the Franco-Provençal area where this language is still widely spoken as native by all age ranges of the population. Since 1948 several events have combined to stabilize the language

10388:

A long tradition of Franco-Provençal literature exists, although no prevailing written form of the language has materialized. An early 12th-century fragment containing 105 verses from a poem about

12930:(Original work published, Lyon: Juré de l'Académie/Académie du Gourguillon, 1894, reprint 1903). Lyonnaise dialect dictionary and encyclopedia of anecdotes and idiomatic expressions, pp. 353. 10770:

in Lyon, published many writings under the pen name "Nizier du Puitspelu". These include a popular dictionary and humorous works in Lyonnaise dialect that have reprinted for more than 100 years.

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The table below compares a few words in each writing system, with French and English for reference. (Sources: Esprit Valdôtain (download 7 March 2007), C.C.S. Conflans (1995), and Stich (2003).

1115:. In an article written about 1873 and published later, he offered a solution to existing disagreements about dialect frontiers and proposed a new linguistic region. He placed it between the 11440: 11628: 10755: 13206:

with MP3 audio clips of more than 700 words and expressions by native speakers grouped in 15 themes by village. The linguistic atlas demonstrates the transition from Franco-Provençal

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appears misleading, it continues to be used in most scholarly journals for the sake of continuity. Suppression of the hyphen between the two parts of the language name in French (

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divisions is challenging. Each canton and valley uses its own vernacular without standardization. Difficult intelligibility among dialects was noted as early as 1807 by Grillet.

2544:

also agree in person, number, gender, and case. However, unlike subject pronouns, third-person singular and plural have neuter forms, in addition to masculine and feminine forms.

14974: 13006:

Dictionnaire francoprovençal / français, français / francoprovençal : Dictionnaire des mots de base du francoprovençal : Orthographe ORB supradialectale standardisée

11598:

Legge 15 dicembre 1999, n. 482, "Norme in materia di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche storiche", pubblicata nella Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 297 del 20 dicembre 1999, Articolo 2

10723: 12511:. "Actes de la conférence annuelle sur l’activité scientifique du Centre d’études francoprovençales René Willien de Saint-Nicolas, le 7 novembre 2015". Aosta, pp. 11–15. 537: 2554:

agree in person, number, gender, and case (masculine singular and plural forms are noteworthy because of their extremely wide variation in pronunciation from area to area).

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estimates are inferred from responses to the questions concerning the informants' L1, or the language(s) and dialect(s) known, or the language first learnt (Chanoux 2003).

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often are heard as affricate sounds . In the dialects of French-speaking Switzerland, Valle d'Aosta, and Neuchâtel, the two palatal stops are realized as the affricates, .

11858:. "Actuellement, le nombre des patoisants valdôtains est estimé à environ 40.000, dont la moitié pratiquerait le francoprovençal quotidiennement (cf. Dunoyer 2010, 17)." 11311: 12557: 11794: 1873:. At its peak, the language was used daily by several hundred people. As of 2012 this community has dwindled to fewer than 50 daily speakers across three generations. 2514:

agree in person, number, gender, and case. Although the subject pronoun is usually retained in speech, Franco-Provençal – unlike French or English – is a partially

820:, its use in the country is marginal. Still, organizations are attempting to preserve it through cultural events, education, scholarly research, and publishing. 11344: 13194: 13188: 11567: 10902: 13104: 4942:". This led Franco-Provençal to evolve down a different path from Occitan and Gallo-Iberian languages, closer to the evolutionary direction taken by French. 913:

Indo-Hittite → Indo-European → Italic → Latino-Faliscan → Romance → Continental → Western → Gallo-Iberian-Romance → Gallo-Romance → North → Franco-Provençal.

10922: 10879:– an annual event named in his honor – has focused thousands of Italian students on preserving the region's language, literature, and heritage since 1963. 10419:) in the vernacular spoken in Grenoble. Religious works also were translated and conceived in Franco-Provençal dialects at some monasteries in the region. 7235:

Several modern orthographic variations exist for all dialects of Franco-Provençal. The spellings and IPA equivalents listed below appear in Martin (2005).

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as a native language by all age ranges. All remaining areas of the Franco-Provençal language region show practice limited to higher age ranges, except for

11462: 11244: 665:

Even with all its distinct dialects counted together, the number of Franco-Provençal speakers has been declining significantly and steadily. According to

1862: 1800: 11179: 14967: 14834: 14812: 11434: 11115: 10695: 3745:, who wrote the first comprehensive grammar and dictionary for any variety of Franco-Provençal. Their landmark effort greatly expands upon the work by 1791:

Franco-Provençal has had a precipitous decline in France. The official language of the French Republic has been designated as French (article 2 of the

11778: 10872: 10898: 8279:. These suffixes are vestiges of an old medieval orthographic practice indicating the stressed syllable of a word. In polysyllables, 'z' indicates a 13181: 13147:. (25 vol.). Bonn, Basel & Nancy: Klopp, Helbing & Lichtenhahn, INaLF/ATILF. Etymological dictionary of Gallo-Roman languages and dialects. 12987:, in: AA. VV, "Lingue e dialetti nell'arco alpino occidentale; Atti del Convegno Internazionale di Torino", Torino, Italy: Centro Studi Piemontesi. 1037:

politically divided the region. The strongest possibility for any dialect of Franco-Provençal to establish itself as a major language died when an

10731: 17525: 15595: 12490:. (2 vols.). Lyon: Bibliothèque de la Faculté catholique des lettres. Dictionary, grammar, & linguistic atlas of the Terres-Froides region. 11946: 10930: 10759: 10711: 12638: 11624: 1754:

libraries, and theatre companies are fostering a sense of ethnic pride with their active use of the Valdôtain dialect as well (EUROPA, 2005).

1086:("patois"). Only in recent years have speakers who are not specialists in linguistics become conscious of the language's collective identity. 14960: 13266: 11382: 7221: 1008:"to lie down", all of which are conservative only relative to French. As an example, Désormaux, writing on this point in the foreword of his 12073: 1850: 13615: 13560: 13140: 12763:

Kasstan, Jonathan and Naomi Nagy, eds. 2018. Special issue: "Francoprovencal: Documenting Contact Varieties in Europe and North America."

12718: 15636: 11212: 10450:(France), composed two remarkable sacred texts in her native Lyonnais dialect, in addition to her writings in Latin. The first, entitled 7217: 569: 13244: 12112: 10514:, supported by the Duchy of Savoy, brought forth many texts in Franco-Provençal during the early 17th century. One of the best known is 1099:

The language region was first recognized in the 19th century during advances in research into the nature and structure of human speech.

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Héran, François; Filhon, Alexandra; & Deprez, Christine (2002). Language transmission in France in the course of the 20th century.

12859: 14031: 13538: 12799:

Atlas linguistique et ethnographique du Jura et des Alpes du nord (Francoprovençal Central) : La maison, l'homme, la morphologie

11506: 740:. The use of both neologisms remains very limited, with most academics using the traditional form (often written without the hyphen: 17558: 11752: 11585:

Decreto presidenziale della Repubblica del 20 novembre 1991, "Norme in materia di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche", Articolo 2

10007: 3595:

In the dialects of Valdôtien, Fribourg, Valais, Vaudois and in some dialects of Savoyard and Dauphinois, realizations of phonemes

11119: 14827: 11704: 11650: 10405:

that appeared in the 13th century as Latin was being abandoned for official administration. These include a translation of the

11308: 11147: 3737:

There is no single official standard that covers Franco-Provençal as a whole. The orthographies in use include the following:

17563: 16087: 14277: 11845: 11802: 11282: 3425: 17553: 16019: 13764: 11288: 3791:, which has achieved fairly wide acceptance among speakers residing in Bresse and Savoy. Since it was first proposed by the 708:) dates to the 19th century. In the late 20th century, it was proposed that the language be referred to under the neologism 15822: 15817: 12535:

Escoffier, Simone (1958). La rencontre de la langue d'Oïl, de la lange d'Oc, et de francoprovençal entre Loire et Allier.

12368: 12284:. Conflans (Savoie): Centre de la Culture Savoyarde. This work presents of one of the commonly used orthographic standards 11535:, according to Michele Melillo, "Intorno alle probabili sedi originarie delle colonie francoprovenzali di Celle e Faeto", 15761: 15649: 14800:

Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist.

3519: 3432: 3365: 2911: 591: 15922: 15812: 14842: 13816: 12031: 1893:

Note: The overview in this section follows Martin (2005), with all Franco-Provençal examples written in accordance with

17568: 16037: 12656: 11607: 4895:

The chart below compares words in Franco-Provençal to those in selected Romance languages, with English for reference.

3374: 13586: 13233:— Multimedia website with numerous audio clips of native Franco-Provençal speakers singing traditional songs. Select: 11680: 11545:

Histoire ecclesiastique des églises reformées recueillies en quelques Valées de Piedmont, autrefois appelées Vaudoises

11329: 17578: 16876: 14820: 13259: 13131: 13085: 13063: 13029: 13013: 12977: 12949: 12927: 12912: 12898: 12877: 12825: 12806: 12758: 12744: 12712: 12625: 12604: 12590: 12551: 12523: 12502: 12481: 12466: 12445: 12431: 12417: 12396: 12339: 12324: 12303: 12263: 12224: 12181: 12142: 12056: 11923: 11079: 6421:(also known as "Cigliàje" or "Cellese"), has been analyzed by Nagy (2000). The Piedmont dialects need further study. 2232:(masculine and feminine) is the same as for French nouns; however, there are many exceptions. A few examples follow: 101: 12599:. (Bordeaux, Henry, Pref.). Marseille: Éditions Jeanne Laffitte. (Original work published, Chambéry: Dardel, 1924). 11561: 16936: 13553: 10842:(1826–1910) are credited with reestablishing the cultural identity of the Aosta Valley. His early poetry includes: 10522:, a raid by the Savoyard army that generated patriotic sentiments. It became the unofficial national anthem of the 9975: 9448: 3854:

in "narrow" spelling for a number of dialects where Latin underwent metathesis to * and then developed to modern .

3445: 3243: 3170: 1811: 13097: 72: 16224: 15829: 15629: 14130: 13706: 3796: 3229: 2788: 581: 8344:

Road sign for Charvex (La Balme de Thuy), Haute-Savoie, France after a name change in the 1990s to a historical

3842:("narrow"), namely spellings modified to represent certain local features. For instance the descendant of Latin 1157:

little different from those by which the principal neo-Latin languages distinguish themselves from one another.

17024: 16925: 12452:

Les sources régionales de la Savoie: une approche ethnologique. Alimentation, habitat, élevage, agriculture....

11469: 11251: 910:

A philological classification for Franco-Provençal published by Ruhlen (1987, pp. 325–326) is as follows:

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texts during the era that followed, which indicates the vitality of the language at that time. These include:

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counting system. The numbers "1", "2", and "4" have masculine and feminine forms (Duplay, 1896; Viret, 2006).

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There are various hypotheses about their origins, possibly dating from 1200–1400, e.g. remnants of troops of

11435:

J. Harriet (1974), "L'ethnie valdôtaine n'a jamais existe... elle n'est que partie de l'ethnie harpitane" in

11168: 8840: 3799:, omitting extraneous letters found in other historical and contemporary proposals. It features the use of a 3453: 3277: 3203: 2921: 2795: 1772: 1165:

Title page of a Franco-Provençal dictionary from Saint-Étienne, France (1896): "The Key to the Gaga Dialect".

9408: 8669: 17583: 17573: 15419: 13252: 10869: 10345: 8883: 8832: 3263: 3236: 3161: 2925: 2895: 2887: 2843: 513: 16959: 16362: 15511: 15372: 15126: 12980:

Author of numerous articles on language and linguistics; Language Universals Project, Stanford University.

9432: 8302: 8289: 8239: 8207: 8176: 8149: 8111: 8084: 8058: 8031: 8000: 7978: 7947: 7920: 7889: 7882: 7851: 7844: 7813: 7806: 7775: 7768: 7737: 7730: 7699: 7692: 7661: 7654: 7623: 7616: 7579: 7572: 7541: 7534: 7496: 7489: 7442: 7435: 7398: 7391: 7360: 7353: 7322: 7315: 7284: 7277: 4884: 4614: 4544: 4474: 4404: 4334: 4264: 4194: 4128: 4062: 3992: 3926: 3596: 3570: 3563: 3470: 2919: 1216: 840: 152: 146: 140: 17400: 16838: 15807: 15736: 15171: 15121: 13546: 13274: 13176: 13166: 11771: 10791: 9876: 9682: 6908: 3777: 3587: 2852: 1938: 1934: 1922: 15181: 11825: 8820: 6561:

valley, Rhône (département) south, Loire (département) southeast, Ardèche north, Drôme north, Isère west

2538:", a regional variant used before a word beginning with a vowel), which is analogous to "it" in English. 17121: 16693: 16128: 15686: 15622: 15265: 14931: 14333: 13922: 13092:

Dictionary and grammar for the dialect in the Albanais region, which includes Annecy and Aix-les-Bains.

9908: 9690: 8828: 7213: 4927: 3700:

retain a timbre that more closely approaches the un-nasalized vowel sound than in French, for example,

3535: 3487: 3401: 3082: 3075: 2903: 2868: 1396: 786: 15250: 13568: 13217: 10518:("The One Above"), which was composed by an unknown writer in 1603. The long narrative poem describes 8907: 8848: 8665: 2578:

form three grammatical conjugation classes, each of which are further split into two subclasses. Each

1178: 1138:

Ascoli (1878, p. 61) described the language in these terms in his defining essay on the subject:

16708: 16620: 16229: 16070: 15785: 15714: 15696: 15679: 15674: 15664: 14146: 13655: 13529: 13328: 11869: 10971: 9420: 3598: 3585: 3574: 3552: 3541: 3533: 3517: 3516:. These two sounds may also be realized in dialects of Valais, where they correspond to a succeeding 3509: 3503: 3501: 3493: 3485: 3474: 3451: 3443: 3270: 3194: 3091: 2909: 2901: 2893: 2885: 2765: 991:

Franco-Provençal is first attested in manuscripts from the 12th century, possibly diverging from the

278: 258: 15413: 11309:

Site du Centre d'études francoprovençales : "Au temps de Willien : les ferments de langue"

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occurs as a result of the softening of the allophones of in Savoie and French-speaking Switzerland.

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stem and adding an ending determined by mood, tense, voice, and number. Verbs are inflected in four

17413: 17317: 16190: 16138: 15917: 15865: 14850: 14412: 14403: 13808: 12751:

Das Frankoprovenzalische in Süditalien: Studien zur synchronischen und diachronischen Dialektologie

12426:. Marseille: Éditions Jeanne Laffitte. (Originally published, Annecy: Société florimontane, 1902). 12211: 12168: 10986: 10954: 9924: 9827: 9805: 9606: 9125: 8681: 8677: 6847: 6414: 3576: 2774: 1653: 874: 659: 525: 79: 11377: 10767: 9634: 1625: 16781: 16372: 16326: 16207: 16180: 16119: 16056: 16002: 15709: 15669: 15213: 15031: 15026: 14983: 14572: 14557: 14343: 14251: 14108: 13985: 13788: 13466: 13456: 12905:

Euromosaic: The production and reproduction of the minority language groups in the European Union

12687: 12068: 10003: 9999: 9436: 9169: 3543: 3495: 3476: 3287: 3121: 3114: 3098: 2579: 1967: 922: 805: 624: 286: 273: 248: 43: 17: 16377: 12680: 12327:

A philological analysis of Franco-Provençal; the Alpine dialects have been particularly studied.

11271:"Frontières linguistiques et glossonymie en zone de transition: le cas du patois de Valjouffrey" 9702: 7075: 3834:

and etymological spellings, with frequent influence from French. There are two subtypes of ORB:

1381: 1231:). Other areas also had historical or political claims to such names, especially (Meune, 2007). 17499: 16715: 16133: 16079: 15731: 15402: 14698: 14615: 14530: 14338: 14048: 12163: 11015: 10895:

from native speakers in an effort that continues to today. Numerous works have been published.

10839: 10787: 10478: 10466: 9884: 9852: 9844: 9428: 9416: 9312: 9033: 8701: 3795:

in 1983, it has appeared in many published works. This method perhaps most closely follows the

3781: 3746: 3602: 3511: 3130: 3038: 1926: 1792: 1776: 1691: 1100: 1093: 1058: 852: 346: 15477: 11204: 10150: 9967: 9089: 8808: 8788: 8413: 1845:

speakers. Regis estimated the number of speakers in Piedmont in 2019 to be around 15,000. The

1711: 17531: 17476: 17282: 17277: 16930: 16908: 16799: 16727: 16550: 16212: 15975: 15601: 15488: 15377: 15284: 14941: 14869: 14761: 14610: 14114: 13957: 13754: 12992: 12920:

Le Littré de la Grand'Côte : à l'usage de ceux qui veulent parler et écrire correctement

12832:

La Description phonologique avec application au parler franco-provençal d'Hauteville (Savoie)

12632:

Dictionnaire historique, littéraire et statistique des départements du Mont-Blanc et du Léman

12469:

See p. 402 for the complete list of 6 groups and 41 idioms of Franco-Provençal dialects.

12104: 12024: 10734:(1647–1694), priest and composer of more than 1,500 carols, songs, epistles, and essays from 10428: 10273: 10019: 9836: 9809: 9686: 9670: 9308: 8955: 8844: 8673: 6469: 3384: 3343: 3309: 3302: 2519: 1970:

in gender with the noun to which they refer, unlike French. Partitive articles are used with

1933:("You speak English."), except when the object is a pronoun, in which case the word order is 977: 859: 203: 17195: 16163: 14080: 13043:

Tuaillon, Gaston (1988). Le Franco-provençal, Langue oubliée. in: Vermes, Geneviève (Dir.).

12618:

Joseph Béard, dit l'Eclair : Médecin des pauvres, Poète patoisant, Chansonnier savoyard

9880: 9872: 9510: 9400: 9332: 8927: 8633: 8589: 6835: 1629: 669:, Franco-Provençal was already in 1995 a "potentially endangered language" in Italy and an " 17481: 17255: 16871: 16844: 16770: 16630: 16429: 16357: 16309: 16303: 16266: 16249: 15498: 15367: 15108: 14936: 14605: 14582: 14353: 14213: 14167: 13908: 13398: 13370: 12856: 12853:

Le franco(-)provençal entre morcellement et quête d’unité : histoire et état des lieux

12509:

Le francoprovençal. Transmission, revitalisation et normalisation. Introduction aux travaux

11327: 10962:

series were published in Franco-Provençal translations for young readers in 2006 and 2007.

10408: 10394: 10277: 9995: 9920: 9622: 9121: 9041: 8836: 8753: 7113: 6904: 3318: 3137: 2551: 1377: 1181:

in 1969; however, most English-language journals continue to use the traditional spelling.

855: 17265: 16678: 15746: 15568: 15471: 14507: 14499: 14020: 13607: 13591: 13410: 12384:. Geneva: Slatkine Reprints. (Original work published, Aosta: Imprimérie Catholique, 1907) 12172:

series). Meune, Manuel & Josine, Trans. (Translation in Bressan dialect, Orthography:

11503: 9348: 8951: 8899: 8780: 8425: 8409: 8325: 6831: 3750: 1853:

dialect was thought to be spoken by 1,400 people in an isolated pocket of the province of

1757:

Paradoxically, the same federal laws do not grant the language the same protection in the

1747: 1357: 1066: 985: 829: 828:

Although the name Franco-Provençal suggests it is a bridge dialect between French and the

393: 50: 8: 16966: 16858: 16826: 16820: 16441: 16401: 16367: 16195: 15959: 15387: 15245: 15207: 15036: 14552: 14513: 14257: 13903: 13736: 13711: 13380: 13282: 13203: 13200:

ALMURA: Atlas linguistique multimédia de la région Rhône-Alpes et des régions limitrophes

13098:"Dictionnaire Français - Savoyard: Comportant plusieurs variantes de la langue savoyarde" 12204: 11532: 10981: 10389: 10112: 10097: 10093: 10069: 9932: 9753: 9678: 9412: 9404: 9360: 9252: 9216: 9161: 9049: 9014: 8685: 8565: 3216: 3145: 1796: 1424: 1285: 817: 670: 17229: 16337: 16271: 15009: 14687: 14234: 11911: 11104:

Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (24 May 2022).

10081: 10027: 9979: 9868: 9642: 9551: 9336: 8986: 8816: 8509: 1829: 1728: 1117: 992: 837: 809: 651: 295: 17471: 17200: 17056: 17014: 16980: 16974: 16864: 16807: 16764: 16747: 16485: 16478: 16314: 16102: 16043: 15899: 15887: 15766: 15704: 15530: 15186: 15148: 15079: 15046: 14952: 14539: 14348: 14298: 13895: 13886: 13872: 13690: 13635: 13576: 13496: 12848:, "Lingua e storia in Puglia"; Siponto, Italy: Centro di Studi pugliesi. pp. 80–95 12486:

Devaux, André; Duraffour, A.; Dussert, A.-S.; Gardette, P.; & Lavallée, F. (1935).

11940: 11749: 11733: 10976: 10751: 10159: 10040: 9944: 9928: 9856: 9801: 9757: 9601: 9384: 9340: 9109: 9025: 8915: 8796: 7177: 3800: 3554: 3326: 3033: 2875: 2836: 2804: 2758: 2587: 2547: 2229: 2175: 1907: 1707: 1595: 1587: 1512: 17249: 15741: 15196: 12652:

Le français régional de la Vallée d'Aoste: Aspects sociolinguistiques et phonologiques

11720:

Assessorat de l'éducation et la culture - Département de la surintendance des écoles,

11105: 10269: 9288: 9212: 9193: 9189: 8449: 6739: 504: 497: 17428: 17407: 17327: 17287: 17146: 17074: 17068: 16992: 16884: 16794: 16735: 16647: 16605: 16406: 16352: 16158: 16143: 16114: 16097: 16007: 15970: 15939: 15927: 15846: 15834: 15751: 15726: 15720: 15645: 15614: 15522: 15357: 15225: 15176: 15059: 14692: 14682: 14674: 14600: 14490: 14420: 14389: 14376: 14367: 14312: 14306: 14291: 14137: 14075: 14057: 13963: 13939: 13862: 13835: 13821: 13793: 13744: 13721: 13611: 13599: 13595: 13491: 13406: 13353: 13127: 13081: 13059: 13025: 13009: 12973: 12945: 12923: 12908: 12894: 12873: 12821: 12802: 12754: 12740: 12708: 12676: 12621: 12600: 12586: 12547: 12519: 12498: 12477: 12462: 12441: 12427: 12413: 12392: 12335: 12320: 12299: 12259: 12220: 12177: 12138: 12052: 11919: 11885: 11841: 11278: 10458: 10305: 10132: 10128: 10015: 9773: 9733: 9464: 9352: 9344: 8749: 8657: 7173: 6689: 3742: 3357: 3256: 3184: 3107: 3045: 2820: 2572:

are invariable; that is, they are not inflected, unlike nouns, verbs, and adjectives.

2515: 1963: 1758: 1603: 1444: 1256: 794: 647: 351: 268: 17270: 16239: 16217: 15069: 14160: 14121: 13971: 13481: 13476: 12961:

Berlin: de Gruyter (Manuals of Romance Linguistics 24), 773–807, ISBN 9783110455731.

12643:

La lingua arpitana : con particolare riferimento alla lingua della Val di Aosta

11701: 11654: 11558:

Legge costituzionale 26 febbraio 1948, n. 4, "Statuto speciale per la Valle d'Aosta"

11269:

Gasquet-Cyrus, Médéric (14 February 2018), Auzanneau, Michelle; Greco, Luca (eds.),

9954: 9523: 8316: 1673: 587: 17381: 17371: 17356: 17344: 17260: 17209: 17173: 17151: 17138: 17132: 17061: 17050: 16954: 16919: 16903: 16752: 16740: 16673: 16637: 16625: 16593: 16518: 16490: 16463: 16293: 16288: 16276: 16256: 16244: 16185: 16092: 16049: 15990: 15985: 15980: 15944: 15875: 15859: 15756: 15563: 15517: 15493: 15442: 15437: 15425: 15302: 15230: 15074: 15064: 15018: 14899: 14895: 14879: 14431: 14285: 14227: 14206: 14190: 14183: 14174: 14100: 13949: 13931: 13841: 13775: 13769: 13759: 13672: 13664: 13639: 13627: 13501: 13471: 13451: 13402: 13390: 13347: 13343: 13332: 13317: 13312: 12810: 12784: 11877: 11833: 11141: 11019: 10523: 10402: 10210: 10186: 10103: 9991: 9971: 9916: 9232: 9228: 9181: 9129: 8903: 8597: 3055: 3028: 3023: 2603: 2599: 2557: 2541: 1915: 1911: 1767: 1695: 1649: 1580: 1552: 1500: 1484: 1126: 1009: 970: 863: 848: 833: 813: 723: 701: 655: 388: 383: 253: 17156: 17106: 13436: 10735: 8800: 6526: 1621: 1321: 1310:

region and appears in the titles of dictionaries and other regional publications.

1026: 763: 183: 17465: 17451: 17332: 17234: 17224: 17168: 17019: 17007: 16947: 16942: 16757: 16686: 16668: 16642: 16615: 16545: 16502: 16414: 16395: 16347: 16234: 16200: 16153: 16148: 15870: 15802: 15774: 15551: 15483: 15453: 15352: 15275: 15255: 15235: 15089: 14998: 14766: 14747: 14717: 14665: 14646: 14562: 14438: 14264: 14153: 14070: 14065: 14025: 13994: 13631: 13446: 13420: 13385: 13338: 13324: 13296: 13172: 12863: 12725: 12691: 12372: 12241: 12077: 12035: 11775: 11756: 11708: 11611: 11571: 11510: 11386: 11315: 10876: 10824:("Old people and old things: Stories from my street and from my village", 1889), 10805: 10325: 10174: 10011: 9785: 9713: 9177: 9029: 8895: 8761: 8757: 8581: 8453: 8391: 8321: 6851: 3335: 3296: 3050: 2782: 2595: 2591: 1456: 1428: 1224: 1193: 1062: 974: 693: 374: 240: 16468: 15143: 11270: 9272: 8970: 8939: 8689: 6391: 1966:

have three forms: definite, indefinite, and partitive. Plural definite articles

1212: 1188:

has been in use regionally in Switzerland at least since 1424, when notaries in

518: 78:

The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of

17516: 17423: 17418: 17339: 17219: 17181: 16913: 16473: 16419: 16389: 16281: 15965: 15893: 15839: 15588: 15407: 15397: 15240: 15191: 15138: 15115: 15098: 15054: 14753: 14629: 14592: 14577: 14425: 14384: 14220: 13726: 13716: 13682: 13623: 13461: 13441: 13394: 13375: 13359: 12954: 12729: 12363: 11238: 10415: 10253: 10249: 10241: 10237: 9940: 9650: 9185: 9165: 8911: 8784: 8741: 3062: 2830: 1795:). The French government officially recognizes Franco-Provençal as one of the " 1723: 1719: 1564: 1548: 1536: 1488: 1432: 1389: 1289: 1148:

quella per cui fra di loro si distinguono gli altri principali tipi neo-latini.

1042: 1034: 1030: 770: 407: 83: 16562: 15312: 12789: 12772: 12567:

Favre, Christophe & Balet, Zacharie (1960). Lexique du Parler de Savièse.

11837: 11625:"Conseil de la Vallée - Loi régionale 1er août 2005, n. 18 - Texte en vigueur" 11042: 10045: 6558: 3676:" are normally nasalized in a similar manner to those in French, for example, 1941:(VSO) form is standard word order for an interrogative sentence, for example: 1617: 1284:. This is a colloquial term used because their ancestors were subjects of the 17547: 17458: 17361: 17349: 17081: 16789: 16446: 16384: 15880: 15392: 15219: 15153: 15133: 14874: 14722: 14651: 14638: 14567: 14445: 14002: 13619: 13603: 13486: 13414: 12028: 11889: 11444: 11011: 10763: 10727: 10519: 10482: 10136: 9626: 9614: 9504: 9133: 9002: 8931: 8457: 7087: 7036: 3411: 3222: 3151: 3068: 2740: 1528: 1504: 844: 731: 13227: 12994:

Francoprovençal: Proposition d'une orthographe supra-dialectale standardisée

12650: 11601: 10797: 10777: 9948: 8978: 8717: 8645: 1336: 17240: 17100: 16540: 16495: 15382: 15260: 14915: 14910: 14864: 14772: 14547: 14475: 13749: 13220:

with audio and video clips of Franco-Provençal speakers from the canton of

12753:(Tübinger Beiträge zur Linguistik), Tübingen, Germany: Gunter Narr Verlag. 11881: 11676: 10914: 10486: 10401:

Among the first historical writings in Franco-Provençal are legal texts by

10357: 10155: 10120: 10077: 9543: 9539: 9531: 9496: 9476: 9356: 9145: 9020: 8947: 8359: 8333: 7212:(Note: Comparative analyses of dialect idioms in the Piedmont basin of the 7062: 7024: 6939: 6676: 6472:) west; Revermont, French Jura (département) southwest; Saône-et-Loire east 3754: 2083: 1837: 1780: 1742: 1637: 1436: 1404: 1353: 1340:

Language area map with standard place names and modern political divisions.

1297: 1244: 1211:) did not take hold, mainly because of the potential for confusion with an 934: 774: 414: 341: 171: 39: 12719:"Investigare la Valle d’Aosta: metodologia di raccolta e analisi dei dati" 12461:(Vol. 2). (Breton, Roland, Pref.). Hebron, Wales, UK: Linguasphere Press. 12459:

The Linguasphere Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities.

11328:

Enrico Allasino; Consuelo Ferrier; Sergio Scamuzzi; Tullio Telmon (2005).

11071: 10309: 9654: 9444: 9372: 9010: 8923: 8804: 8765: 8577: 8441: 6932: 3696:" in French. However, in the largest part of the Franco-Provençal domain, 1824: 1061:(1878), chosen because the dialect group was seen as intermediate between 481: 17302: 17295: 17032: 16598: 15505: 15307: 14845: 14780: 13643: 11540: 10783: 10715: 10425:

is one such work that survives in Lyonnais patois from the 13th century.

10421: 10384:

Text of a carol about the appearance of a comet in 1682 by Jean Chapelon.

10261: 10194: 9388: 9256: 8812: 8737: 8493: 8485: 8368: 8266: 7124: 7050: 6958: 6652: 6413:

for the Franco-Provençal language have been identified and documented by

3697: 3004: 2988: 2981: 2967: 2960: 2954: 2942: 2752: 2735: 1833: 1480: 1460: 1104: 1070: 966: 632: 16567: 15317: 12872:. (2nd ed.). (Telmon, Tullio, Intro.). Alessandria: Edizioni dell'Orso. 10934: 10750:

about the great flood of 1733 in Grenoble. 19th century authors include

10361: 10281: 10222: 9674: 8974: 6723: 933:

comprises east-central France, western portions of Switzerland, and the

207: 16610: 16580: 16572: 16528: 16523: 16173: 15932: 15465: 15336: 15330: 15323: 14090: 13827: 13126:. (Martin, Jean-Baptiste, Intro.) Paris: Éditions Payot & Rivages. 12884:

Il dialetto franco-provenzale di Faeto e Celle, nell'Italia meridionale

12597:

Vieilles gens et vieilles choses: Histoires de ma rue et de mon village

12514:

Duraffour, Antonin; Gardette, P.; Malapert, L. & Gonon, M. (1969).

12254: 12215:

series). (Translation in mixed Franco-Provençal dialects, Orthography:

11047: 10959: 10906: 10822:

Vieilles gens et vieilles choses: Histoires de ma rue et de mon village

10703: 10443: 10365: 10349: 10061: 10057: 9769: 9741: 9721: 9694: 9591: 9563: 9488: 9248: 9244: 9137: 9093: 9053: 8990: 8935: 8919: 8856: 8693: 8545: 8525: 8421: 8280: 6818: 6405:

The dialects are divided into eight distinct categories or groups. Six

3831: 3657: 2996: 2947: 2930:

have a phonemic status in the dialects of Savoy, Val d'Aosta, and Lyon.

2860: 2745: 2611: 2607: 2171: 2079: 1524: 1464: 1344:

The historical linguistic domain of the Franco-Provençal language are:

1240: 946: 675: 13016:

This work includes the current orthographic standard for the language.

12410:

Nouveau dictionnaire de patois valdôtain; Dictionnaire français-patois

11912:"Intorno alla vitalità del francoprovenzale nell'Italia di nord-ovest" 10754:(1804–1860), working-class poet from Rive-de-Gier near Saint-Chamond, 10265: 10178: 9276: 9268: 8959: 8771: 8729: 8593: 6571: 1785: 1661: 778: 568:

Franco-Provençal is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO

17376: 17214: 16556: 15851: 15296: 13867: 13517: 13207: 13008:. (Walter, Henriette, Preface). Thonon-les-Bains: Éditions Le Carré. 12957:: 'Minor' Gallo-Romance Languages. In: Lebsanft, Franz/Tacke, Felix: 11870:"An overview of Francoprovençal vitality in Europe and North America" 11110: 10917:(1880–1940), author, poet, and activist from La Combe, Sillingy near 10511: 10507: 10474: 10317: 10297: 10289: 10214: 10190: 10108: 10065: 10053: 9987: 9912: 9821: 9817: 9761: 9618: 9610: 9587: 9527: 9468: 9456: 9396: 9376: 9368: 9264: 9236: 9153: 9105: 9101: 9085: 9081: 9061: 9057: 8998: 8852: 8824: 8725: 8713: 8585: 8569: 8553: 8517: 8473: 8417: 8270: 7182: 6672: 4877: 3458:

are mainly present in Fribourg and Valais dialects (often written as

2975: 2812: 2563: 2182:" to most plural nouns that is not reflected in speech. For example: 1971: 1866: 1532: 1508: 1468: 1440: 1260: 958: 904:. The Linguasphere Observatory language code for Franco-Provençal is 870: 736: 490: 474: 336: 17002: 12707:

Genève: Slatkine Reprints. (Original work published, Geneva: 1852).

12454:(re: Abry, Christian: Le paysage dialectal.) Paris: Éditions Fayard. 12051:. (From series: Library of Medieval Women). Cambridge: D.S. Brewer. 11868:

Zulato, Alessia; Kasstan, Jonathan; Nagy, Naomi (20 December 2017).

10909:

and author of more than twelve volumes of prose from Coutouvre near

10369: 10226: 10140: 10073: 10049: 9452: 9284: 9069: 8437: 3894: 3838:("broad"), namely spellings intended to represent all dialects; and 1247:. In the 1990s, the term lost its particular political context. The 836:, it is a separate Gallo-Romance language that transitions into the 561: 17161: 16997: 16813: 16261: 16109: 14197: 13199: 10991: 10884: 10719: 10679: 10439: 10206: 10182: 10124: 9959: 9936: 9888: 9864: 9860: 9848: 9840: 9797: 9781: 9777: 9765: 9745: 9729: 9717: 9666: 9662: 9638: 9630: 9571: 9555: 9484: 9472: 9392: 9320: 9300: 9292: 9280: 9260: 9157: 9097: 9077: 9073: 9065: 9037: 8994: 8943: 8887: 8875: 8871: 8860: 8653: 8637: 8621: 8605: 8561: 8557: 8533: 8501: 8469: 8465: 8461: 8433: 8382: 6765: 6752: 6664: 3884: 3618:

Franco-Provençal also preserves final vowel sounds, in particular "

3611: 1687: 1560: 1556: 1520: 1416: 1400: 1252: 1220: 1189: 1108: 981: 954: 938: 599: 219: 211: 175: 17366: 13078:

Patois du pays de l'Albanais : Dictionnaire savoyard-français

12237: 12194: 12155: 10085: 9199: 8965: 8541: 7137: 6495: 1657: 1645: 1259:

adopted the name "Arpitan" as the primary name of the language in

16985: 16850: 16588: 16012: 15997: 15290: 14727: 14243: 13798: 13783: 12137:. (Translation in Savoyard dialect.) Editions des Pnottas, 2000. 10952:

series by Félix Meynet, appeared in 2000. Two popular works from

10888: 10691: 10455: 10447: 10353: 10329: 10321: 10218: 10144: 10116: 10089: 9983: 9900: 9896: 9725: 9579: 9575: 9559: 9515: 9492: 9480: 9460: 9440: 9364: 9328: 9324: 9316: 9304: 9296: 9240: 9224: 9204: 9141: 9113: 8879: 8733: 8721: 8709: 8705: 8697: 8661: 8641: 8629: 8617: 8613: 8529: 8521: 8505: 8497: 8477: 8445: 8429: 8284: 7186: 6640: 6584: 6399: 4691: 2511: 1955: 1870: 1544: 1540: 1476: 1472: 1452: 1408: 1112: 962: 950: 782: 773:, Franco-Provençal is nowadays (as of 2016) spoken mainly in the 643: 595: 35: 31: 12537:

Publications de l'Institut linguistique romane de Lyon, XI, 1958

12382:

Dictionnaire du patois valdôtain, précédé de la petite grammaire

12258:

series. Translation in Bressan dialect.) Belgium: Lucky Comics.

11143:

Norme in materia di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche storiche

10481:

whose faith lead to a devout cult. This text contributed to the

8537: 8340: 2128:(Eugénie/Eugenia); however, articles never precede men's names: 1823:

Franco-Provençal is currently most spoken in Aosta Valley, with

17187: 16533: 16456: 16436: 16168: 15459: 15447: 15430: 15164: 14085: 13277: 13221: 13210:

in the north to Occitan phonology in the south. (select: ATLAS)

13196:

Precise Map of Arpitania and Occitania in Italy and Switzerland

12935:

Dictionnaire historique du parler neuchâtelois et suisse romand

12049:

The Writings of Margaret of Oingt, Medieval Prioress and Mystic

11486:

Michel Rime, "L'afére Pecârd, c'est Tintin en patois vaudois",

11368:

Krutwig, F. (1973). Les noms pré-indoeuropéens en Val-d'Aoste.

11103: 10918: 10910: 10892: 10773: 10758:(1805–1872), physician, poet, and songwriter from Rumilly, and 10707: 10699: 10687: 10675: 10527: 10503: 10341: 10333: 10313: 10301: 10293: 10285: 10202: 10165: 10023: 9904: 9832: 9813: 9749: 9737: 9708: 9698: 9658: 9646: 9595: 9583: 9567: 9547: 9535: 9500: 9380: 9220: 9208: 9173: 9149: 9117: 9045: 8982: 8649: 8625: 8601: 8573: 8549: 8481: 8376: 8372: 8364: 8329: 6735: 6693: 6597: 6522: 6509: 6465: 6418: 3804: 2569: 1858: 1854: 1846: 1703: 1641: 1591: 1568: 1516: 1496: 1448: 1420: 1385: 1373: 1293: 1041:, dated 6 January 1539, was confirmed in the parliament of the 930: 798: 666: 628: 199: 191: 187: 179: 12620:. (Terreaux, Louis, Pref.). Montmelian: La Fontaine de Siloé. 11768: 1865:

to Canada established the Cigliàje variety of this dialect in

1861:

region. Beginning in 1951, strong emigration from the town of

1690:(Suisse-Romande) part of the country, including the following 1572: 1219:, which is spoken in a neighbouring area, known in English as 27:

Gallo-Romance language spoken in France, Italy and Switzerland

16451: 16424: 15362: 15159: 15103: 13571: 11010:

For details on the question of linguistic classification see

10926: 10743: 10533: 10337: 10257: 10170: 9793: 9519: 8891: 8866: 8776: 8609: 8513: 8489: 8345: 7169: 6975: 6964: 6710: 6482: 3765: 3653: 3484:

In the dialects of Savoie and Bresse, phonetic dental sounds

3469:

In Arles, and in some dialects of Hauteville and Savoie, the

1665: 1633: 1599: 1492: 1412: 1307: 1161: 1038: 942: 926: 790: 744:), while language speakers refer to it almost exclusively as 636: 263: 215: 195: 12080:, Complete text of 68 verses in Franco-Provençal and French. 10380: 8276:-az, -o(t)z, -uz, -ax, -ex, -ux, -ou(l)x, -aulx, and -ieu(x) 1765:

Switzerland does not recognize Romand (not be confused with

13159: 12645:, Tip. Ferrero & Cie. die Romano Canavese, 1976, 174 p. 12308:

Ascoli, Graziadio Isaia (1878). Schizzi Franco-provenzali.

12298:. (Vol. 2). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. 10683: 10232: 9963: 9892: 9789: 8745: 8387: 6706: 3889: 2583: 2575: 2167: 1699: 536: 13213: 12985:

Histoire et évolution des parler francoprovençaux d'Italie

12576:Études de géographie morphologique sur les patois du Forez 12319:. (Tome 2, pp. 357 et seq.). Paris: Éditions Picard. 12133:

Meynet, Félix (Illustrations) & Roman, Pascal (Text).

11824:

Bauer, Roland (25 September 2017), Reutner, Ursula (ed.),

941:. This area covers territories once occupied by pre-Roman 598:

characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see

233:

80,000 in France, 70,000 in Italy and 7,000 in Switzerland

30:"Romand" redirects here. For the Swiss Romand people, see 13080:(2e éd ed.). Cran-Gevrier: L'Echevé du Val-de-Fier. 12918:

Nizier du Puitspelu (pen name of Tisseur, Clair) (2008).

12717:

Iannàccaro, Gabriele & Dell'Aquila, Vittorio (2003).

12675:. Paris: INED-Institut national d’études démographiques. 12360:Écrire le patois: La Graphie de Conflans pour le Savoyard 11916:

Regards croisés sur la standardisation du francoprovençal

10866:

Le patois valdotain: son origine littéraire et sa graphie

10470: 10245: 10198: 8404: 6312: 6230: 6142: 6054: 6048: 5936: 5930: 5830: 5824: 5730: 5636: 5548: 5460: 5366: 5278: 5177: 5095: 5013: 4651: 4581: 4511: 4441: 4371: 4301: 4231: 4161: 4095: 4029: 3959: 1669: 1278:("our way "). Some Savoyard speakers call their language 1089: 965:. By the fifth century, the region was controlled by the 646:

and is separate from but closely related to neighbouring

14982: 12870:

Dizionario francoprovenzale di Celle di San Vito e Faeto

12728:. In: Caprini, Rita (ed.): "Parole romanze. Scritti per 1799:", but its constitution bars it from ratifying the 1992 12886:, "Archivio Glottologico Italiano", XII. pp. 33–75 12846:

Donde e quando vennero i francoprovenzali di Capitanata

12737:

Dialect Boundaries and the Question of Franco-Provençal

11738:

Une Vallée d'Aoste bilingue dans une Europe plurilingue

4926:" disappeared. Franco-Provençal also softened the hard 3757:. It was published in twelve volumes from 1967 to 1982. 1300:

were annexed by France in 1860. The language is called

1234:

Some contemporary speakers and writers prefer the name

15644: 12684: 12474:

Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de lieux en France.

10489:

in 1869. A line from the work in her dialect follows:

8283:(stress on penultimate syllable) and 'x' indicates an 2566:

agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify.

1177:) was generally adopted following a conference at the 13036:

This work includes the former orthographic standard,

12797:

Martin, Jean-Baptiste & Tuaillon, Gaston (1999).

12739:. Paris & The Hague: Mouton de Gruyter & Co. 12389:

Le franco-provençal valdôtain: Morphologie et syntaxe

10816:("One Hundred Sayings by Pierre du Bon-Sens", 1879), 2722:

The consonants and vowel sounds in Franco-Provençal:

1263:, with "Francoprovençal" as an additional name form. 1255:, Switzerland, and is now based in Fribourg. In 2010 873:

classification for Franco-Provençal published by the

38:. For the variety of French used in said region, see 16336: 14465: 12841:. Neuchâtel & Genève: Faculté des Lettres, Droz. 12698:

Blanc-La-Goutte, poète de Grenoble: Œuvres complètes

12280:

Abry, Christian et al. "Groupe de Conflans" (1994).

11146:(in Italian), Italian parliament, 15 December 1999, 10944:

The first comic book in a Franco-Provençal dialect,

8269:, the Franco-Provençal legacy survives primarily in 6415:

Linguasphere Observatory (Observatoire Linguistique)

3762:

Bureau régional pour l'ethnologie et la linguistique

1648:(except the southern edge which traditionally spoke 12959:

Manual of Standardization in the Romance Languages.

12855:. Québec: Laval University. Article in French from 12700:. Grenoble: Centre alpin et rhodanien d'ethnologie. 12613:, Revue de linguistique romane 34, p. 326–348. 12542:Escoffier, Simone & Vurpas, Anne-Marie (1981). 12401:Chenal, Aimé & Vautherin, Raymond (1967–1982). 12312:, III, pp. 61–120. Article written about 1873. 3803:as a diacritic to indicate a stressed vowel in the 2203:

is occasionally used for both singular and plural).

1801:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

1403:basin which includes the following 43 communities: 13049:Langues régionales et langues non territorialisées 13022:Parlons francoprovençal : une langue méconnue 12765:International Journal of the Sociology of Language 12353:Le patois et la langue francaise en Vallée d’Aoste 12296:A Course in Romance Linguistics: A Diachronic View 11874:International Journal of the Sociology of Language 11372:, in: Henriet, Joseph (1997). La Lingua Arpitana. 11116:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 3904: 1111:and structural characteristics of numerous spoken 13214:L'Atlas linguistique audiovisuel du Valais romand 13051:). Paris: Éditions l’Harmattan. pp. 188–207. 13045:Vingt-cinq communautés linguistiques de la France 12922:. Lyon: Éditions Lyonnaises d'Art et d'Histoire. 12839:Colloque de dialectologie francoprovençale. Actes 12777:Journal of the International Phonetic Association 12673:Population & Sociétés. No. 376, February 2002 12585:. (Terreaux, Louis, Intro.). Aubenas: Curandera. 12422:Constantin, Aimé & Désormaux, Joseph (1982). 11867: 11795:"The Euromosaic study: Franco-provençal in Italy" 8313:). The following is a list of all such toponyms: 6352: 6346: 6258: 6176: 6088: 6082: 5988: 5982: 5864: 5758: 5670: 5576: 5494: 5488: 5394: 5306: 5205: 5123: 5041: 2441: 2398: 2355: 2280: 1073:, in favor of the culturally prestigious French. 937:of Italy with the adjacent alpine valleys of the 785:. It is also spoken in the Alpine valleys around 17545: 14498: 12405:. (12 vol.). Aoste : Éditions Marguerettaz. 12358:Centre de la Culture Savoyard, Conflans (1995). 12102: 11374:Quaderni Padani, Vol. III, no. 11, May–June 1997 10392:may be the earliest known work in the language. 6366: 6272: 6190: 6102: 6008: 5878: 5772: 5684: 5590: 5508: 5408: 5320: 5219: 5137: 5055: 1921:The standard word order for Franco-Provençal is 12472:Dauzat, Albert & Rostaing, Charles (1984). 11762: 10540:musical score showing verses 1, 2, 4, & 68. 8273:. Many are immediately recognizable, ending in 6373: 6279: 6197: 6109: 6015: 5885: 5785: 5779: 5691: 5597: 5515: 5415: 5327: 5226: 5144: 5062: 1320:) comes from a local name for the residents of 12696:Hoyer, Gunhild & Tuaillon, Gaston (2002). 12408:Chenal, Aimé & Vautherin, Raymond (1984). 12330:Bessat, Hubert & Germi, Claudette (1991). 11207:[Switzerland's Linguistic Landscape]. 7189:, Canada by an established emigrant community. 3899: 3634:is pronounced or , with accent on the final " 3626:" in masculine forms (where it is pronounced " 3566:can be realized as in some Savoyard dialects. 1033:), and the duchy, later kingdom, ruled by the 53:, one of the dialects of the Occitan language. 15630: 14968: 14828: 14411: 13554: 13260: 12532:. Saint-Étienne: Université de Saint-Étienne. 12440:. Paris, la Pensée universelle, pp. 70. 12240:" (Darmenton, Hervé); Gerra, Laurent; & " 11722:Profil de la politique linguistique éducative 11268: 10843: 10582:That He was protector of the Genevese people. 8274: 8229: 8199: 8166: 8141: 8101: 8076: 8048: 8023: 7990: 7970: 7937: 7912: 7874: 7836: 7798: 7760: 7722: 7684: 7646: 7608: 7564: 7526: 7481: 7475: 7427: 7383: 7345: 7307: 7269: 6359: 6339: 6333: 6326: 6319: 6298: 6265: 6251: 6244: 6237: 6216: 6183: 6169: 6163: 6156: 6149: 6128: 6095: 6075: 6068: 6061: 6034: 6001: 5995: 5975: 5969: 5963: 5956: 5949: 5943: 5916: 5871: 5857: 5851: 5844: 5837: 5810: 5804: 5765: 5751: 5744: 5737: 5710: 5677: 5663: 5657: 5650: 5643: 5622: 5616: 5583: 5569: 5562: 5555: 5534: 5501: 5481: 5474: 5467: 5440: 5401: 5387: 5380: 5373: 5352: 5346: 5313: 5299: 5292: 5285: 5258: 5252: 5212: 5198: 5191: 5184: 5163: 5130: 5116: 5109: 5102: 5081: 5048: 5034: 5027: 5020: 4993: 4868: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4808: 4672: 4658: 4644: 4633: 4626: 4619: 4602: 4588: 4574: 4563: 4556: 4549: 4532: 4518: 4504: 4493: 4486: 4479: 4462: 4448: 4434: 4423: 4416: 4409: 4392: 4378: 4364: 4353: 4346: 4339: 4322: 4308: 4294: 4283: 4276: 4269: 4252: 4238: 4224: 4213: 4206: 4199: 4182: 4168: 4154: 4147: 4140: 4133: 4116: 4102: 4088: 4081: 4074: 4067: 4050: 4036: 4022: 4011: 4004: 3997: 3980: 3966: 3952: 3945: 3938: 3931: 3710: 3702: 3684: 3677: 3670: 3662: 3559:can occur when a nasal precedes a velar stop. 2707: 2701: 2693: 2686: 2679: 2672: 2665: 2659: 2652: 2645: 2638: 2631: 2625: 2618: 2532: 2524: 2496: 2468: 2462: 2449: 2419: 2406: 2376: 2363: 2307: 2301: 2288: 2258: 2220: 2214: 2206: 2198: 2192: 2184: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2117: 2111: 2105: 2099: 2093: 2087: 2065: 2063: 2056: 2050: 2043: 2036: 2022: 2015: 2008: 2001: 1579:: The southernmost valleys of Piedmont speak 1315: 1203:A proposal in the 1960s to call the language 1192:were directed to write their minutes in both 750:or under the names of its distinct dialects ( 716: 687: 14637: 13138: 13056:La littérature en francoprovençal avant 1700 12332:Les mots de la montagne autour du Mont-Blanc 12273: 8250: 8245: 8220: 8215: 8182: 8157: 8123: 8117: 8092: 8039: 8006: 7953: 7928: 7895: 7857: 7819: 7781: 7743: 7705: 7667: 7629: 7591: 7585: 7547: 7508: 7502: 7454: 7448: 7410: 7404: 7366: 7328: 7290: 6305: 6223: 6135: 6041: 5923: 5817: 5723: 5717: 5629: 5541: 5453: 5447: 5359: 5271: 5265: 5170: 5088: 5006: 5000: 4665: 4595: 4525: 4455: 4385: 4315: 4245: 4175: 4109: 4043: 3973: 3723: 3717: 3691: 2482: 2433: 2390: 2346: 2340: 2334: 2327: 2272: 1958:similar to that of other Romance languages. 17526:languages with more than 5 million speakers 15596:varieties with more than 5 million speakers 12771:Kasstan, Jonathan Richard (December 2015). 12616:Grasset, Pierre & Viret, Roger (2006). 12493:Duch, Célestin & Bejean, Henri (1998). 11832:(in French), De Gruyter, pp. 246–274, 11099: 11097: 10624:That they speak of, at the earliest (hour). 10406: 6291: 6209: 6121: 6027: 5909: 5903: 5897: 5797: 5703: 5609: 5527: 5433: 5427: 5339: 5244: 5238: 5156: 5074: 4986: 4887:, possibly due to the influence of French. 17109:(mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance) 15637: 15623: 14975: 14961: 14835: 14821: 13561: 13547: 13267: 13253: 12219:). Brussels, Belgium: Casterman Editions. 12176:). Brussels, Belgium: Casterman Editions. 11945:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 11197: 10526:. The first three verses follow below (in 6854:, Ain northeast & adjacent French Jura 1718:: the remaining parts of Romandie, namely 1331: 627:family, originally spoken in east-central 560: 541:Map of the Franco-Provençal language area: 535: 12788: 12530:Jean Chapelon 1647–1694, Œuvres complètes 12029:Beatrix: VI. Blessed Beatrix of Ornacieux 11504:Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: frp 11066: 11064: 11062: 11060: 10573:The One above, the Master of the battles, 8348:spelling. (Former village name: Charvet.) 6768:country & Geneva (canton) hinterlands 1883:Institut national d'études démographiques 1722:, and the northern valleys of the canton 1324:, popularized by Auguste Callet's story " 1022:divided by wars and religious conflicts. 877:(Dalby, 1999/2000, p. 402) follows: 102:Learn how and when to remove this message 13894: 12972:). Stanford: Stanford University Press. 12403:Nouveau dictionnaire de patois valdôtain 11094: 10782: 10772: 10621:It was the year sixteen-hundred-and-two, 10579:Made them see well, on a Saturday night, 10532: 10485:of the nun more than 500 years later by 10463:Li Via seiti Biatrix, virgina de Ornaciu 10379: 8339: 8315: 7224:in the south — have not been published). 6390: 3690:in Franco-Provençal, and "chanter" and " 1810: 1335: 1160: 1088: 900:→ Lyonnais+Valdôtain (Franco-Provençal) 570:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger 14375: 13141:Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch 13072:. Bourg: Imprimerie J. M. Villefranche. 13068:Villefranche, Jacques Melchior (1891). 12942:Encyclopedia of the Languages of Europe 12834:. Genève: Librairie Droz / M.J. Minard. 12770: 12583:Contes et chansons populaires de Savoie 12544:Textes littéraires en dialecte lyonnais 12476:(2nd ed.). Paris: Librairie Guénégaud. 11981: 11677:"Langue française et langues de France" 11460: 11242: 10937:whose complete works were published in 10856:(1858); among his scholarly works are: 3524:after a voiceless or voiced stop (like 2892:is frequently realized as , as well as 2650:, "to eat"); Groups 2a & 2b end in 1888: 1686:most of the officially French-speaking 858:to the southeast, and finally into the 592:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 551:Light blue: historical transition zone. 14: 17546: 12937:. Neuchâtel: Éditions Victor Attinger. 12683:. Monthly newsletter in English, from 12438:Le Franco-provençal, mythe ou réalité' 11631:from the original on 23 September 2015 11447:, image of original article posted at 11057: 10948:("The cheese that killed!"), from the 10858:Petite grammaire du dialecte valdotain 8301: 8288: 8287:(stress on last syllable). So, Chanaz 8238: 8206: 8175: 8148: 8110: 8083: 8057: 8030: 7999: 7977: 7946: 7919: 7888: 7881: 7850: 7843: 7812: 7805: 7774: 7767: 7736: 7729: 7698: 7691: 7660: 7653: 7622: 7615: 7578: 7571: 7540: 7533: 7495: 7488: 7441: 7434: 7397: 7390: 7359: 7352: 7321: 7314: 7283: 7276: 3573:can be realized as a voiced fricative 3500:occur corresponding to palatal sounds 2582:is different, formed by isolating the 1900: 1624:regions, which includes the following 1135:) and gave Franco-Provençal its name. 642:Franco-Provençal has several distinct 151: 145: 139: 15618: 14956: 14816: 13542: 13248: 13095: 13075: 13070:Essai de grammaire du patois Lyonnais 13019: 12990: 12648: 12556:EUROPA (European Commission) (2005). 12516:Glossaire des patois francoprovençaux 12115:from the original on 18 November 2015 12003: 11992: 11970: 11959: 11909: 11905: 11903: 11823: 11789: 11787: 11683:from the original on 10 December 2014 11543:refugees according to Pierre Gilles, 11350:from the original on 16 February 2022 11215:from the original on 28 February 2020 11122:from the original on 11 November 2023 10722:, poems, and comedies from Grenoble; 10660:They came — it was not for drinking — 10615:They came on the twelfth of December, 10550:Cé qu'è lainô, le Maitre dé bataille, 1806: 1076: 12659:from the original on 26 January 2023 12317:Manuel pratique de philologie romane 12047:Blumenfeld-Kosinski, Renate (1997). 11769:Sondage linguistique de la Fondation 11082:from the original on 19 October 2022 10997: 10726:(1638–1702), writer of comedies and 10461:and their meanings. The other work, 8125:Comment que vous vous appelez ? 3784:, albeit with several modifications. 3780:, Italy. It is based on the work of 3646:is pronounced , with accent on the " 3569:In rare dialects, a palatal lateral 2614:, which includes verbal adjectives. 2219:(feminine plural): (in Italy, 2174:by number and gender. Inflection by 1897:(see "Orthography" section, below). 55: 13228:Les Langues de France en chansons: 13183:On-line directory regularly updated 12907:. Luxembourg: European Commission. 12820:. Chennevières-sur-Marne: Assimil. 11799:European Commission (europa.eu.int) 11358:– via Gioventura Piemontèisa. 11205:"Paesaggio Linguistico in Svizzera" 11134: 10607:Qu'i veniron parla ou pou troi tou. 10597:Pè onna nai asse naire que d'ancro; 7230: 7181:). This variety is also spoken in 6398:Classification of Franco-Provençal 4890: 2542:Direct and indirect object pronouns 1266:Native speakers call this language 679:classifies it as "nearly extinct". 448:Aosta Valley (protected by statute) 24: 17530:Languages between parentheses are 15600:Languages between parentheses are 13737:Intermediate Southern (Neapolitan) 13136:Wartburg, Walter von (1928–2003). 13000:(PhD thesis). University of Paris. 12801:. (Vol. 3). Paris: CNRS Éditions. 12732:", Alessandria: Edizioni Dell'Orso 12634:. Chambéry: Librairie J.F. Puthod. 12578:. Mâcon: Imprimerie Protat frères. 12348:. Stockholm: Almkvist and Wiksell. 11900: 11784: 11669: 11643: 11617: 11590: 11577: 11550: 11291:from the original on 28 April 2021 11185:from the original on 19 April 2014 11036: 10862:Dictionnaire du dialecte valdôtain 10666:And to kill us without any reason. 10555:Que se moqué et se ri dé canaille; 6696:, Savoie east, Isère upper valleys 4880:(base-20) form for "80", that is, 3770:Centre d'études franco-provençales 3716:in Franco-Provençal, compared to " 2197:(masculine plural): (in Italy, 1376:-speaking valley, the villages of 1243:, a political organization in the 804:In France, it is one of the three 25: 17595: 17410:(unknown further classification) 13173:Centre d'Études Francoprovençales 13152: 13110:from the original on 6 April 2023 12655:(Masters). Universitetet i Oslo. 12609:Gossen, Charles Théodore (1970). 12574:Gardette, l'Abbé Pierre, (1941). 12569:Romanica Helvetica, Vol. 71, 1960 11918:(in Italian). Aoste. p. 48. 11801:. 4 February 2005. Archived from 11398:Constantin & Désormaux, 1982. 10901:(1852–1934), the bard of Bresse; 10639:I veniron; y n'étai pas pè bairè; 10576:Who mock and laugh at the rabble, 10465:("The Life of the Blessed Virgin 8159:Je suis heureux/ravi de vous voir 6587:River valley, Isère central north 3749:begun in the 19th century on the 3431: 3424: 3400: 3373: 3364: 3342: 3325: 3317: 3308: 3301: 3286: 3276: 3269: 3262: 3242: 3235: 3228: 3202: 3193: 3169: 3160: 3136: 3129: 3120: 3113: 3097: 3090: 3081: 3074: 3003: 2987: 2980: 2966: 2959: 2874: 2867: 2851: 2842: 2835: 2819: 2803: 2794: 2787: 2773: 2764: 2757: 2684:, "to owe"), and Group 3b end in 1736: 823: 14844: 14468: 13587:Historical linguistic minorities 13570: 13276: 13038:Orthographe de référence A (ORA) 12966:A Guide to the World's Languages 12944:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. 12611:La scripta para-francoprovençale 12571:. Bern: Éditions A. Francke S.A. 12380:Cerlogne, Jean-Baptiste (1971). 12291:. Bern: Éditions A. Francke S.A. 12089:"Tout sur la langue des gones", 11702:Fondation Émile Chanoux: Sondage 11277:, Langages, Lyon: ENS Éditions, 10800:(1835–1883) wrote in her native 10634:Pè onna nai qu'étive la pe naire 10592:I son vegnu le doze de dessanbro 10560:A bin fai vi, pè on desande nai, 10454:("The Mirror"), describes three 10033: 9976:Ouroux-sous-le-Bois-Sainte-Marie 9449:Siccieu-Saint-Julien-et-Carisieu 8119:Comment vous appelez-vous ? 8103:Coment que vos vos apelâd ? 3741:The one used by Aimé Chenal and 1817:Fête internationale de l'arpitan 888:→ Italiano+Româneasca (Romance) 457: 60: 17559:Definitely endangered languages 14794: 12933:Pierrehumbert, William (1926). 12450:Cuisenier, Jean (Dir.) (1979). 12289:Chrestomathie franco-provençale 12282:Découvrir les parlers de Savoie 12244:" (Bevere, Maurice de) (2007). 12230: 12187: 12148: 12127: 12096: 12083: 12062: 12041: 12018: 12009: 11997: 11986: 11975: 11964: 11953: 11861: 11817: 11743: 11727: 11714: 11695: 11525: 11522:see: Jochnowitz, George (1973). 11516: 11497: 11480: 11454: 11428: 11419: 11410: 11401: 11392: 11362: 11321: 11302: 11150:from the original on 2 May 2012 10854:La bataille di vatse a Vertosan 10602:Y étivé l'an mil si san et dou, 10422:The Legend of Saint Bartholomew 7100:middle-lower Dora Baltea valley 6821:& Doubs (département) south 6436:Epicenters / Regional locations 3801:combining low line (underscore) 3797:International Phonetic Alphabet 2900:in short form when preceding a 1819:, Saint-Etienne (France), 2016. 806:Gallo-Romance language families 769:Formerly spoken throughout the 34:. For Swiss Romand region, see 17534:of the language on their left. 17404:(Western Romance-based pidgin) 15604:of the language on their left. 13216:— Multimedia website from the 13204:Stendhal University-Grenoble 3 12837:Marzys, Zygmunt (Ed.) (1971). 12816:Martin, Jean-Baptiste (2005). 12310:Archivio glottologico italiano 11724:, Le Château éd., 2009, p. 20. 11539:, XXIII, (1959), pp. 1–34, or 11416:Dalby, 1999/2000, p. 402. 11262: 11227: 11209:Ufficio Federale di Statistica 11161: 11004: 10814:Lo cent ditons de Pierre d'Emo 10714:, comic playwright from Lyon; 10565:Qu'il étivé patron dé Genevoi. 4898:Between vowels, the Latinate " 3732: 2670:, "to come"), Group 3a end in 2636:, "to sing"); Group 1b end in 1680: 921:Franco-Provençal emerged as a 808:of the country (alongside the 13: 1: 12868:Minichelli, Vincenzo (1994). 12564:Last update: 4 February 2005. 12436:Cuaz-Châtelair, René (1989). 12160:Lé Pèguelyon de la Castafiore 12135:Le rebloshon que tyouè ! 12105:"Album Enfestar, Blu l'azard" 11583:Italian presidential decree: 11537:Revue de Linguistique Romaine 11461:Pichard, Alain (2 May 2009). 11243:Pichard, Alain (2 May 2009). 10649:Et no tüa sans aucuna raison. 10530:dialect) with a translation: 10469:"), is a long biography of a 10432: 10375: 8841:Saint-Michel-de-Chabrillanoux 8184:Je suis content de vous voir. 3807:when it occurs, for example: 3630:" in some regions.) The word 3013: 1949: 1726:linguistically belong to the 673:" in Switzerland and France. 548:Medium blue: general regions. 163:Italy, France and Switzerland 17564:Endangered Romance languages 12773:"Lyonnais (Francoprovençal)" 12749:Kattenbusch, Dieter (1982), 12630:Grillet, Jean-Louis (1807). 12528:Elsass, Annie (Ed.) (1985). 12507:Dunoyer, Christiane (2016). 12362:. Taninges: Éditions P.A.O. 12346:Le patois de Bagnes (Valais) 12294:Agard, Frederick B. (1984). 11556:Italian constitutional law: 11029: 10832:("Tales from the Cowshed"). 10812:("Echos from Savoy", 1879), 10740:François Blanc dit la Goutte 10724:Jacques Brossard de Montaney 10644:Y étivé pè pilli nou maison, 8150:[ʒəsɛbuˈnezədəvoˈvi] 8112:[kɛmˈekɛˈvuvuapaˈlo] 8078:’T-il que vos éd niom ? 8025:(Il) est siéx hores et demi. 6525:country, Foréz plain, & 4876:Many western dialects use a 3532:) they are then realized as 3466:, occurring before a vowel). 2994: 2952: 2858: 2810: 2750: 2717: 2606:; and two impersonal moods: 1925:(SVO) form in a declarative 1815:Conference hall at the 37th 7: 17401:Mediterranean Lingua Franca 13177:Saint-Nicolas, Aosta Valley 13122:Vurpas, Anne-Marie (1993). 12882:Morosi, Giacomo (1890–92), 12818:Le Francoprovençal de poche 12735:Jochnowitz, George (1973). 12705:Nouveau glossaire genevois. 11463:"Nos ancêtres les Arpitans" 11245:"Nos ancêtres les Arpitans" 10965: 10792:Saint-Nicolas, Aosta Valley 10618:On a night as black as ink; 9683:Saint-Hilaire-sous-Charlieu 9007:Saint-Bonnet-de-Valclérieux 8397: 8260: 8177:[ʒɛsikɔ̃ˈtɛdəvuˈvɑ] 8041:Il est six heures et demie. 6834:upper valleys & French 6386: 4685: 1775:. Speakers live in western 818:regional language of France 789:and in two isolated towns ( 783:French-speaking Switzerland 662:in Switzerland and Italy). 623:) is a language within the 10: 17600: 17103:(mixed Portuguese–Spanish) 16129:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata 15923:Central−Southern Calabrian 14334:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata 13817:Central-Southern Calabrian 13202:— Multimedia website from 13191:, Precise Map of Arpitania 13169:Le site du francoprovençal 13162:, International Federation 12558:Francoprovençal in Italy, 12457:Dalby, David (1999/2000). 12197:" (Remi, Georges) (2006). 12158:" (Remi, Georges) (2006). 12093:, N° 399, 30 October 2002. 10766:(1827–1896), architect of 9691:Saint-Nizier-sous-Charlieu 8829:Saint-Fortunat-sur-Eyrieux 8670:Saint-André-sur-Vieux-Jonc 8352: 8275: 8201:Prègiéd-vos patouès ? 8137:Siáu content de vos veire. 8059:[ˈɛjɛsiʒˈoʒədɛˈmi] 8032:[ˈjɛsizˈørɑedɛˈmi] 8008:Quelle heure est-il ? 7214:Metropolitan City of Turin 3828:Orthographe de référence B 3753:(Valdotèn) dialect of the 3610:The placement of stressed 2228:In general, inflection by 1895:Orthographe de référence B 1857:, in the southern Italian 1397:Metropolitan City of Turin 1395:the alpine heights of the 1249:Aliance Culturèla Arpitana 1103:(1829–1907), a pioneering 916: 48: 29: 17569:Languages of Aosta Valley 17554:Franco-Provençal language 17508: 17492: 17443: 17392: 17316: 17120: 17093: 17042: 16894: 16780: 16726: 16707: 16658: 16325: 16078: 16069: 16030: 15910: 15795: 15784: 15695: 15657: 15579: 15544: 15345: 15274: 15088: 15045: 15017: 15008: 14991: 14924: 14888: 14857: 14740: 14710: 14673: 14664: 14628: 14591: 14538: 14529: 14489: 14485: 14463: 14402: 14366: 14324: 14276: 14147:Comasco-Lecchese dialects 14099: 14056: 14047: 14011: 13993: 13984: 13948: 13930: 13921: 13885: 13853: 13807: 13735: 13699: 13681: 13663: 13654: 13650: 13583: 13530:Language policy in France 13526: 13510: 13429: 13329:Navarro-Lapurdian dialect 13305: 13289: 13160:Arpitan Cultural Alliance 13054:Tuallion, Gaston (2002). 13020:Stich, Dominique (1998). 13004:Stich, Dominique (2003). 12991:Stich, Dominique (2001). 12940:Price, Glanville (1998). 12893:. Munich: Lincom Europa. 12844:Melillo, Michele (1974), 12790:10.1017/S0025100315000250 12355:. Neuchâtel: V. Attinger. 12351:Brocherel, Jules (1952). 12344:Bjerrome, Gunnar (1959). 12274:General and cited sources 11838:10.1515/9783110348217-012 11513:. Accessed 11 March 2013. 11425:Bessat & Germi, 1991. 11370:Le Flambeau, no. 4, 1973. 11176:The Linguasphere Register 10972:Language policy in France 10762:(1818–1880) of Gruyères. 10756:Joseph Béard dit l'Éclair 10493:§ 112 : « 9433:Saint-Siméon-de-Bressieux 9421:Saint-Pierre-de-Bressieux 8833:Saint-Jacques-d'Atticieux 8193: 8190: 8168:Je su content de vos vêr. 8143:Je su bon éso de vos vér. 8135: 8132: 8094:Quel est votre nom ? 8070: 8067: 8017: 8014: 7964: 7961: 7906: 7903: 6988:Dora Baltea middle valley 3863: 3622:" in feminine forms and " 3383: 3356: 3334: 3295: 3215: 3144: 3061: 3020: 2864: 2816: 2734: 2725: 2616:Verbs in Group 1a end in 2560:have one invariable form. 2189:(masculine singular): , 2078:Articles precede women's 1945:("Do you speak English?") 1610: 1025:France, Switzerland, the 781:and other rural areas of 578: 559: 534: 524: 512: 488: 472: 467: 425: 420: 404: 364: 329: 237: 225: 167: 159: 135: 128: 123: 118: 17579:Languages of Switzerland 16411:North American dialects 15918:Extreme Southern Italian 14851:Languages of Switzerland 12964:Ruhlen, Merritt (1987). 12903:Nelde, Peter H. (1996). 12830:Martinet, André (1956). 12546:. Paris: CNRS Éditions. 12518:. Paris: CNRS Éditions. 12287:Aebischer, Paul (1950). 12212:The Adventures of Tintin 12169:The Adventures of Tintin 12076:23 December 2007 at the 11910:Regis, Riccardo (2019). 11830:Manuel des francophonies 11774:20 December 2017 at the 11570:27 February 2008 at the 11330:"LE LINGUE DEL PIEMONTE" 10987:Languages of Switzerland 10955:The Adventures of Tintin 10718:(1600?–1675), author of 10674:Several writers created 9925:Saint-Pierre-de-Chandieu 9877:Fleurieux-sur-l'Arbresle 9806:Saint-Pierre-de-Genebroz 9126:Menthonnex-sous-Clermont 8821:Les Ollières-sur-Eyrieux 8682:Saint-Nizier-le-Bouchoux 8231:Côsâd-vos patouès ? 8208:[prɛˈʒivopatuˈe] 7560:Grandmercé, mercé ! 7165:1. Faetar & Cigliàje 7110:lower Dora Baltea valley 6954:1. Valdôtain du Valdigne 6848:Bellegarde-sur-Valserine 6784:Switzerland & France 6755:, Haute-Savoie southeast 6742:, Haute-Savoie southwest 4690:Franco-Provençal uses a 3850:in "broad" spelling and 1943:Côsâds-vos anglès ? 1347: 875:Linguasphere Observatory 658:, in France, as well as 501: Francoprovencalic 49:Not to be confused with 15830:Central−Northern Latian 14984:Gallo-Romance languages 13707:Central-Northern Latian 13218:University of Neuchâtel 12983:Schüle, Ernest (1978), 12649:Hauff, Tristan (2016). 12371:10 January 2006 at the 12034:2 December 2021 at the 11651:"Eat Healthy, Eat Well" 11610:29 January 2008 at the 11275:Dessiner les frontières 11053:(subscription required) 10946:Le rebloshon que tyouè! 10925:(1896–1983), poet from 10844: 10742:(1690–1742), writer of 10502:Religious conflicts in 10346:Saint-Légier-La Chiésaz 10004:Saint-Nizier-sur-Arroux 10000:Saint-Didier-sur-Arroux 9909:Poleymieux-au-Mont-d'Or 9437:Saint-Victor-de-Cessieu 8884:Châteauvieux-les-Fossés 8849:Saint-Étienne-de-Valoux 8666:Saint-André-le-Bouchoux 8240:[koˈʒovupatuˈɑ] 8230: 8200: 8167: 8142: 8102: 8077: 8050:Il est siéx hores demi. 8049: 8024: 7991: 7971: 7938: 7913: 7875: 7837: 7799: 7761: 7723: 7685: 7647: 7609: 7565: 7527: 7482: 7476: 7428: 7384: 7346: 7308: 7270: 6921:Valais, Valaisan Romand 6880:1. Vaudois-Intracluster 6761:9. Chablaisien+Genevois 6554:1. Dauphinois-Rhodanien 6353: 6347: 6299: 6259: 6217: 6177: 6129: 6089: 6083: 6035: 5989: 5983: 5917: 5865: 5811: 5805: 5759: 5711: 5671: 5623: 5617: 5577: 5535: 5495: 5489: 5441: 5395: 5353: 5347: 5307: 5259: 5253: 5206: 5164: 5124: 5082: 5042: 4994: 4869: 4827: 4821: 4815: 4809: 4645: 4634: 4627: 4620: 4575: 4564: 4557: 4550: 4505: 4494: 4487: 4480: 4435: 4424: 4417: 4410: 4365: 4354: 4347: 4340: 4295: 4284: 4277: 4270: 4225: 4214: 4207: 4200: 4155: 4148: 4141: 4134: 4089: 4082: 4075: 4068: 4023: 4012: 4005: 3998: 3953: 3946: 3939: 3932: 3711: 3703: 3685: 3678: 3671: 3663: 3473:phoneme is realized as 2708: 2702: 2694: 2687: 2680: 2673: 2666: 2660: 2653: 2646: 2639: 2632: 2626: 2619: 2533: 2525: 2469: 2463: 2442: 2420: 2399: 2377: 2356: 2308: 2302: 2281: 2259: 2221: 2215: 2211:(feminine singular): , 2207: 2199: 2193: 2185: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2142: 2136: 2130: 2124: 2118: 2112: 2106: 2100: 2094: 2088: 2066: 2064: 2057: 2051: 2044: 2037: 2023: 2016: 2009: 2002: 1632:(southern two-thirds), 1594:region in the southern 1332:Geographic distribution 1316: 1179:University of Neuchâtel 847:to the northwest, into 717: 688: 440:Bourgogne-Franche-Comté 44:Romand (disambiguation) 16134:Gallo-Italic of Sicily 14339:Gallo-Italic of Sicily 14131:Bustocco and Legnanese 13139: 13024:. Paris: L'Harmattan. 12851:Meune, Manuel (2007). 12724:19 August 2017 at the 12703:Humbert, Jean (1983). 12488:Les patois du Dauphiné 12174:La Graphie de Conflans 12164:The Castafiore Emerald 12103:Soundcloud: Enfestar. 11882:10.1515/ijsl-2017-0038 11755:11 August 2007 at the 11494:, 19 March 2007; p. 3. 11477:, 24 Heures, Lausanne. 11259:. 24 Heures, Lausanne. 10875:9 January 2006 at the 10840:Jean-Baptiste Cerlogne 10794: 10788:Jean-Baptiste Cerlogne 10780: 10663:To plunder our houses, 10541: 10510:Reformers and staunch 10407: 10385: 9845:Cailloux-sur-Fontaines 9429:Saint-Romain-de-Surieu 9425:Saint-Pierre-de-Méaroz 9417:Saint-Martin-le-Vinoux 9313:Les Roches-de-Condrieu 9034:Arthaz-Pont-Notre-Dame 8793:Châteauneuf-de-Vernoux 8702:Sonthonnax-la-Montagne 8349: 8337: 8251: 8246: 8221: 8216: 8183: 8158: 8133:I am happy to see you. 8124: 8118: 8093: 8085:[ˈtɛkvoziˈɲɔ̃] 8040: 8019:Es sièis oras e mieja. 8007: 7954: 7929: 7896: 7858: 7820: 7782: 7744: 7706: 7668: 7630: 7592: 7586: 7548: 7509: 7503: 7455: 7449: 7411: 7405: 7367: 7329: 7291: 6894:Fribourg (canton) west 6518:5. Roannais+Stéphanois 6395: 6374: 6367: 6360: 6340: 6334: 6327: 6320: 6313: 6306: 6292: 6280: 6273: 6266: 6252: 6245: 6238: 6231: 6224: 6210: 6198: 6191: 6184: 6170: 6164: 6157: 6150: 6143: 6136: 6122: 6110: 6103: 6096: 6076: 6069: 6062: 6055: 6049: 6042: 6028: 6016: 6009: 6002: 5996: 5976: 5970: 5964: 5957: 5950: 5944: 5937: 5931: 5924: 5910: 5904: 5898: 5886: 5879: 5872: 5858: 5852: 5845: 5838: 5831: 5825: 5818: 5798: 5786: 5780: 5773: 5766: 5752: 5745: 5738: 5731: 5724: 5718: 5704: 5692: 5685: 5678: 5664: 5658: 5651: 5644: 5637: 5630: 5610: 5598: 5591: 5584: 5570: 5563: 5556: 5549: 5542: 5528: 5516: 5509: 5502: 5482: 5475: 5468: 5461: 5454: 5448: 5434: 5428: 5416: 5409: 5402: 5388: 5381: 5374: 5367: 5360: 5340: 5328: 5321: 5314: 5300: 5293: 5286: 5279: 5272: 5266: 5245: 5239: 5227: 5220: 5213: 5199: 5192: 5185: 5178: 5171: 5157: 5145: 5138: 5131: 5117: 5110: 5103: 5096: 5089: 5075: 5063: 5056: 5049: 5035: 5028: 5021: 5014: 5007: 5001: 4987: 4870:on milyon / on milyona 4673: 4666: 4659: 4652: 4603: 4596: 4589: 4582: 4533: 4526: 4519: 4512: 4463: 4456: 4449: 4442: 4393: 4386: 4379: 4372: 4323: 4316: 4309: 4302: 4253: 4246: 4239: 4232: 4183: 4176: 4169: 4162: 4117: 4110: 4103: 4096: 4051: 4044: 4037: 4030: 3981: 3974: 3967: 3960: 3782:Jean-Baptiste Cerlogne 3747:Jean-Baptiste Cerlogne 3724: 3718: 3692: 2497: 2483: 2450: 2434: 2407: 2391: 2364: 2347: 2341: 2335: 2328: 2289: 2273: 2225:is occasionally seen). 2116:(Mauricette/Maurisa), 1906:Franco-Provençal is a 1820: 1793:Constitution of France 1341: 1228: 1166: 1159: 1107:, analyzed the unique 1101:Graziadio Isaia Ascoli 1096: 1094:Graziadio Isaia Ascoli 1059:Graziadio Isaia Ascoli 1019: 892:→ Italiano+Româneasca 851:to the east, into the 727: 705: 697: 580:This article contains 130:patouès, gaga, arpetan 42:. For other uses, see 16621:Poitevin–Saintongeais 15594:A star (*) indicates 15489:Poitevin-Saintongeais 15420:Labrador Inuit Pidgin 14762:Italian Sign Language 14711:Other German dialects 13854:Other Italo-Dalmatian 13230:N'tra Linga e Chanfon 13096:Viret, Roger (2021). 13076:Viret, Roger (2001). 12424:Dictionnaire savoyard 12387:Chenal, Aimé (1986). 12025:Catholic Encyclopedia 11602:Parlamento Italiano, 11596:Italian federal law: 11562:Parlamento Italiano, 11547:, Paris, 1643, p. 19. 11106:"Glottolog 4.8 - Oil" 10786: 10776: 10657:On the blackest night 10536: 10383: 10020:Vendenesse-sur-Arroux 10008:Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux 9810:Saint-Thibaud-de-Couz 9687:Saint-Jean-Soleymieux 9671:Pouilly-sous-Charlieu 9635:Grézieux-le-Fromental 9309:La Chapelle-de-Surieu 8956:Villars-sous-Dampjoux 8845:Saint-Pierre-sur-Doux 8674:Saint-Germain-de-Joux 8343: 8320:Bilingual road sign ( 8319: 8195:Parlatz patoès ? 8001:[tjelˈoʒɑˈjə] 7979:[kɛ̃tˈørɑˈjɛ] 7972:Quint’hora est ? 7966:Quant es d'ora ? 7587:Merci beaucoup ! 6984:3. Valdôtain standard 6779:Franc-Comtois (FrP) : 6600:, Isère central south 6394: 2700:Auxiliary verbs are: 2552:possessive adjectives 2520:null subject language 2092:(Françoise/Frances), 1988:Masculine Indefinite 1954:Franco-Provençal has 1814: 1339: 1328:" published in 1866. 1326:La légende des Gagats 1164: 1140: 1092: 1014: 973:has also suggested a 16430:St. Marys Bay French 15954:Neapolitan–Calabrese 14889:Major dialect groups 14214:Southwestern Lombard 13371:French Sign Language 12889:Nagy, Naomi (2000). 12641:de Joseph Henriet), 12595:Gex, Amélie (1999). 12581:Gex, Amélie (1986). 12560:The Euromosaic Study 12315:Bec, Pierre (1971). 11750:TLFQ: Vallée d'Aoste 11509:6 March 2014 at the 11314:27 June 2022 at the 11211:(in Italian). 2000. 10835:The writings of the 10409:Corpus Juris Civilis 10395:Girart de Roussillon 9996:Saint-Bonnet-de-Joux 9921:Saint-Cyr-le-Chatoux 9703:Épercieux-Saint-Paul 9623:Chazelles-sur-Lavieu 9122:Menthonnex-en-Bornes 8908:Grand'Combe-Châteleu 8837:Saint-Julien-le-Roux 8754:Villieu-Loyes-Mollon 8191:Do you speak Patois? 8072:Coma te dison ? 7992:Quâl’hora est ? 7948:[ubrulˈjasə] 7738:[lurɛˈlodʒu] 7700:[lorɛˈlodʒu] 7642:Una frema, una femna 7580:[ɡrɑ̃marˈsi] 7244:Occitan (Provençal) 7220:in the north to the 6508:Lyonnais mountains, 3760:The one used by the 3584:A glottal fricative 2241:Occitan (Provençal) 1991:Feminine Indefinite 1889:Linguistic structure 1702:, the lower part of 1586:two enclaves in the 1382:Gressoney-La-Trinité 1378:Gressoney-Saint-Jean 1121:group of languages ( 1012:dictionary, states: 545:Dark blue: official. 437:Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes 17584:Synthetic languages 17574:Languages of France 16782:Galician–Portuguese 15808:Central Marchigiano 15047:Bourbonnais Creoles 14514:Vaccarizzo Albanian 13381:Lorraine Franconian 13283:Languages of France 13167:Francoprovencal.org 13058:. Grenoble: Ellug. 12862:7 June 2012 at the 12690:22 May 2010 at the 12497:. Grenoble: Ellug. 12495:Le patois de Tignes 12412:. Quart: Musumeci. 12391:. Quart: Musumeci. 12334:. Grenoble: Ellug. 12205:The Calculus Affair 11805:on 13 February 2006 11707:7 June 2007 at the 10982:Languages of France 10950:Fanfoué des Pnottas 10477:consecrated to the 10467:Beatrix d'Ornacieux 10390:Alexander the Great 10098:Vuisternens-en-Ogoz 10094:Villaz-Saint-Pierre 9933:Sourcieux-les-Mines 9853:Civrieux-d'Azergues 9754:Drumettaz-Clarafond 9679:Saint-Haon-le-Vieux 9607:Andrézieux-Bouthéon 9413:Saint-Julien-de-Raz 9409:Saint-Jean-le-Vieux 9405:Saint-Jean-de-Vaulx 9361:Notre-Dame-de-Vaulx 9253:Charvieu-Chavagneux 9217:Bellegarde-Poussieu 9050:Chainaz-les-Frasses 9015:Vassieux-en-Vercors 8809:Dunière-sur-Eyrieux 8789:Boulieu-lès-Annonay 8686:Saint-Paul-de-Varax 8678:Saint-Jean-le-Vieux 8566:Massignieu-de-Rives 8414:Ambérieux-en-Dombes 7921:[oplyˈvɛɲə] 7731:[lurɛˈloʒo] 7693:[lorɛˈloʒo] 7573:[ɡrɑ̃maˈsi] 7096:11. Moyen valdôtain 4724:does / doves / davè 3789:Graphie de Conflans 3562:Palatalizations of 2936: 2548:Possessive pronouns 2152:(Eusèbe/Eusebius), 1982:Masculine Definite 1939:verb–subject–object 1935:subject–object–verb 1923:subject–verb–object 1901:Typology and syntax 1797:languages of France 1425:Castagnole Piemonte 1314:(and the adjective 1286:Kingdom of Sardinia 984:of the easternmost 714:(Franco-Provençal: 686:(Franco-Provençal: 671:endangered language 427:Recognised minority 231:157,000 (2013) 17196:Catalan Ribagorçan 17043:Pyrenean–Mozarabic 16315:Judaeo-Piedmontese 16225:Bustocco–Legnanese 16020:Northern Calabrian 14858:Official languages 14349:Judaeo-Piedmontese 14325:Other Gallo-Italic 13577:Languages of Italy 13430:Overseas languages 13306:Regional languages 13124:Le Parler lyonnais 12915:See: EUROPA, 2005. 11734:Alessandro Barbero 11451:, 12 January 2007. 11437:La nation Arpitane 11385:6 May 2006 at the 11233:A derivation from 10977:Languages of Italy 10939:Kan la têra tsantè 10850:Marenda a Tsesalet 10795: 10781: 10768:Bon-Pasteur Church 10752:Guillaume Roquille 10542: 10524:Republic of Geneva 10429:Marguerite d'Oingt 10403:civil law notaries 10386: 10160:La Chaux-du-Milieu 9945:Ville-sur-Jarnioux 9929:Soucieu-en-Jarrest 9881:Grézieu-la-Varenne 9873:Fleurieu-sur-Saône 9857:Colombier-Saugnieu 9802:Saint-Jean-de-Couz 9758:Entremont-le-Vieux 9401:Saint-André-le-Gaz 9385:Porcieu-Amblagnieu 9341:Moissieu-sur-Dolon 9333:Meyrieu-les-Étangs 9110:Marcellaz-Albanais 8928:Les Hôpitaux-Vieux 8916:La Cluse-et-Mijoux 8797:Colombier-le-Vieux 8634:Peyzieux-sur-Saône 8590:Murs-et-Gélignieux 8350: 8338: 8068:What is your name? 7890:[ɛlˈʃɑ̃tɛ] 7883:[ləˈʃɑ̃tɛ] 7852:[ilˈmɛ̃ʒɛ] 7845:[ilˈmɛ̃ʒɛ] 7593:grand merci ! 7566:Grant-marci ! 7542:[sevoˈplɛ] 7535:[sivoˈple] 7497:[pɛˈtetrə] 7198:Piedmont Dialects: 7178:Province of Foggia 6967:Franco-Provençal), 6798:Neuchâtel (canton) 6690:Tarentaise country 6396: 3793:Groupe de Conflans 3776: » (CEFP) in 2934: 2230:grammatical gender 2176:grammatical number 2122:(Claude/Claudia), 1985:Feminine Definite 1931:Vos côsâds anglès. 1908:synthetic language 1821: 1807:Number of speakers 1773:official languages 1636:(southern third), 1616:the major part of 1598:: the villages of 1596:Apennine Mountains 1588:Province of Foggia 1513:Monastero di Lanzo 1342: 1169:Although the name 1167: 1145:franco-provenzale 1097: 1077:Origin of the name 866:to the southwest. 816:). Though it is a 17541: 17540: 17517:extinct languages 17439: 17438: 17116: 17115: 17075:Navarro-Aragonese 16960:Peruvian Ribereño 16885:Judaeo-Portuguese 16800:Galician–Asturian 16703: 16702: 16694:Old Gallo-Romance 16648:Wisconsin Walloon 16065: 16064: 16038:Dalmatian Romance 15646:Romance languages 15612: 15611: 15589:extinct languages 15545:Francoprovencalic 15540: 15539: 15523:Wisconsin Walloon 14950: 14949: 14932:Swiss-German Sign 14810: 14809: 14789: 14788: 14736: 14735: 14693:Southern Bavarian 14660: 14659: 14624: 14623: 14616:Triestine Serbian 14525: 14524: 14500:Arbëresh language 14461: 14460: 14457: 14456: 14398: 14397: 14362: 14361: 14115:Brianzöö dialects 14043: 14042: 13980: 13979: 13917: 13916: 13881: 13880: 13536: 13535: 13290:Official language 12377: 12246:Maryô donbin pèdu 11847:978-3-11-034821-7 11284:978-2-84788-983-3 11051:(18th ed., 2015) 10998:Explanatory notes 10958:and one from the 10870:Concours Cerlogne 10830:Contio de la Bova 10820:("Poems", 1880), 10810:Reclans de Savoué 10790:originating from 10748:Grenoblo maléirou 10746:poems, including 10672: 10671: 10306:Neyruz-sur-Moudon 10129:Le Grand-Saconnex 10016:Toulon-sur-Arroux 9885:Grézieu-le-Marché 9774:La Motte-Servolex 9734:Chamoux-sur-Gelon 9465:Tignieu-Jameyzieu 9353:Montalieu-Vercieu 9345:Monsteroux-Milieu 8952:Verrières-de-Joux 8900:Goux-lès-Dambelin 8658:Rignieux-le-Franc 8426:Belmont-Luthézieu 8410:Ambérieu-en-Bugey 8258: 8257: 7814:[lɛˈruze] 7807:[lɛˈruzɛ] 7776:[lɑˈruzɑ] 7769:[lɑˈruzɑ] 7662:[nɑˈfɛnɑ] 7655:[nɑˈfɛnɑ] 7330:Bonne nuit ! 7323:[bunɑˈnɑ] 7316:[bunɑˈne] 7303:Bòna nuech ! 7250:Savoyard dialect 7247:Franco-Provençal 7174:Celle di San Vito 7150:Faetar, Cigliàje: 7120:13. Champorcherin 7106:12. Bas Valdôtain 7009:Great St. Bernard 6671:1., 2. & 3.: 6580:3. Terres-Froides 6504:4. Lyonnais-rural 6384: 6383: 4951:Franco-Provençal 4746: 4739: 4728: 4721: 4714: 4707: 4683: 4682: 3864:Franco-Provençal 3743:Raymond Vautherin 3442:Affricate sounds 3439: 3438: 3414: 3391: 3259: 3225: 3187: 3154: 3110: 3071: 3011: 3010: 2882: 2881: 2558:Relative pronouns 2516:pro-drop language 2508: 2507: 2238:Franco-Provençal 2077: 2076: 1863:Celle Di San Vito 1759:Province of Turin 1748:Valdôtain dialect 1664:(extreme north), 1660:(extreme north), 1604:Celle di San Vito 1467:(Saint-Germain), 1445:Coassolo Torinese 1372:); excepting the 1055:franco-provenzale 986:Valdôtain dialect 929:. The linguistic 795:Celle di San Vito 635:and northwestern 606: 605: 588:rendering support 584:phonetic symbols. 352:Old Gallo-Romance 112: 111: 104: 16:(Redirected from 17591: 17062:Judaeo-Aragonese 17051:Andalusi Romance 16904:Amazonic Spanish 16741:Western Asturian 16724: 16723: 16663:Franco-Provençal 16334: 16333: 16230:Comasco–Lecchese 16088:Emilian–Romagnol 16076: 16075: 15876:Regional Italian 15866:Italo-Australian 15793: 15792: 15715:Megleno-Romanian 15639: 15632: 15625: 15616: 15615: 15558:Franco-Provençal 15554:/Faetar-Cigliàje 15443:Louisiana French 15438:Louisiana Creole 15251:Saint-Barthélemy 15019:Antillean Creole 15015: 15014: 14977: 14970: 14963: 14954: 14953: 14849: 14848: 14837: 14830: 14823: 14814: 14813: 14801: 14798: 14775: 14756: 14701: 14671: 14670: 14635: 14634: 14536: 14535: 14516: 14496: 14495: 14487: 14486: 14478: 14473: 14472: 14471: 14448: 14441: 14434: 14409: 14408: 14373: 14372: 14315: 14301: 14294: 14278:Emilian–Romagnol 14267: 14260: 14246: 14237: 14230: 14223: 14216: 14209: 14200: 14193: 14186: 14177: 14170: 14163: 14156: 14149: 14140: 14133: 14124: 14117: 14054: 14053: 14034: 14013:Franco-Provençal 13991: 13990: 13966: 13928: 13927: 13923:Occitano-Romance 13892: 13891: 13844: 13830: 13809:Extreme Southern 13778: 13673:Regional Italian 13661: 13660: 13652: 13651: 13608:Franco-Provençal 13575: 13574: 13563: 13556: 13549: 13540: 13539: 13366:Franco-Provençal 13348:Northern Catalan 13333:Souletin dialect 13318:Alsatian dialect 13313:Alemannic German 13281: 13280: 13269: 13262: 13255: 13246: 13245: 13144: 13119: 13117: 13115: 13109: 13102: 13091: 13035: 13001: 12999: 12811:Savoyard dialect 12794: 12792: 12668: 12666: 12664: 12375: 12267: 12234: 12228: 12191: 12185: 12152: 12146: 12131: 12125: 12124: 12122: 12120: 12100: 12094: 12087: 12081: 12066: 12060: 12045: 12039: 12022: 12016: 12013: 12007: 12001: 11995: 11990: 11984: 11979: 11973: 11968: 11962: 11957: 11951: 11950: 11944: 11936: 11934: 11932: 11907: 11898: 11897: 11865: 11859: 11857: 11856: 11854: 11826:"Vallée d'Aoste" 11821: 11815: 11814: 11812: 11810: 11791: 11782: 11766: 11760: 11747: 11741: 11731: 11725: 11718: 11712: 11699: 11693: 11692: 11690: 11688: 11673: 11667: 11666: 11664: 11662: 11653:. Archived from 11647: 11641: 11640: 11638: 11636: 11621: 11615: 11594: 11588: 11581: 11575: 11564:Legge 1948, n. 4 11554: 11548: 11529: 11523: 11520: 11514: 11501: 11495: 11484: 11478: 11476: 11475:on 15 July 2011. 11474: 11468:. Archived from 11467: 11458: 11452: 11432: 11426: 11423: 11417: 11414: 11408: 11405: 11399: 11396: 11390: 11366: 11360: 11359: 11357: 11355: 11349: 11334: 11325: 11319: 11306: 11300: 11299: 11298: 11296: 11266: 11260: 11258: 11257:on 15 July 2011. 11256: 11250:. Archived from 11249: 11231: 11225: 11224: 11222: 11220: 11201: 11195: 11194: 11192: 11190: 11184: 11173: 11165: 11159: 11158: 11157: 11155: 11138: 11132: 11131: 11129: 11127: 11101: 11092: 11091: 11089: 11087: 11068: 11055: 11054: 11043:Franco-Provençal 11040: 11023: 11020:Questione Ladina 11008: 10923:Eugénie Martinet 10847: 10845:L'infan prodeggo 10696:Bernardin Uchard 10544: 10543: 10437: 10434: 10412: 10082:Prez-vers-Noréaz 10028:Étang-sur-Arroux 9992:Rigny-sur-Arroux 9980:Ouroux-sur-Saône 9972:Marly-sur-Arroux 9917:Rillieux-la-Pape 9869:Décines-Charpieu 9643:La Bénisson-Dieu 9552:Menétrux-en-Joux 9337:Moidieu-Détourbe 9233:Bouvesse-Quirieu 9229:Bourgoin-Jallieu 9182:Villy-le-Pelloux 9130:Monnetier-Mornex 9090:La Côte-d'Arbroz 8987:Molières-Glandaz 8904:Goux-sous-Landet 8598:Nurieux-Volognat 8510:Injoux-Génissiat 8305: 8292: 8278: 8277: 8254: 8249: 8242: 8233: 8224: 8219: 8210: 8203: 8186: 8179: 8170: 8161: 8152: 8145: 8127: 8121: 8114: 8105: 8096: 8087: 8080: 8061: 8052: 8043: 8034: 8027: 8010: 8003: 7994: 7981: 7974: 7962:What time is it? 7957: 7950: 7941: 7932: 7923: 7916: 7899: 7892: 7885: 7878: 7861: 7854: 7847: 7840: 7823: 7816: 7809: 7802: 7785: 7778: 7771: 7764: 7747: 7740: 7733: 7726: 7709: 7702: 7695: 7688: 7671: 7664: 7657: 7650: 7633: 7626: 7624:[inˈumu] 7619: 7617:[onˈomo] 7612: 7595: 7589: 7582: 7575: 7568: 7551: 7544: 7537: 7530: 7512: 7506: 7499: 7492: 7485: 7479: 7458: 7452: 7445: 7438: 7431: 7414: 7408: 7401: 7394: 7387: 7370: 7368:Au revoir ! 7363: 7361:[arɛˈvɑ] 7356: 7349: 7341:A reveire ! 7332: 7325: 7318: 7311: 7309:Bôna nuet ! 7294: 7287: 7285:[bɔ̃ˈʒø] 7280: 7278:[bɔ̃ˈʒu] 7273: 7253:Bressan dialect 7238: 7237: 7231:Dialect examples 6852:Valserine valley 6432:: Dialect Idiom: 6377: 6370: 6363: 6356: 6350: 6343: 6337: 6330: 6323: 6316: 6309: 6302: 6295: 6283: 6276: 6269: 6262: 6255: 6248: 6241: 6234: 6227: 6220: 6213: 6201: 6194: 6187: 6180: 6173: 6167: 6160: 6153: 6146: 6139: 6132: 6125: 6113: 6106: 6099: 6092: 6086: 6079: 6072: 6065: 6058: 6052: 6045: 6038: 6031: 6019: 6012: 6005: 5999: 5992: 5986: 5979: 5973: 5967: 5960: 5953: 5947: 5940: 5934: 5927: 5920: 5913: 5907: 5901: 5889: 5882: 5875: 5868: 5861: 5855: 5848: 5841: 5834: 5828: 5821: 5814: 5808: 5801: 5789: 5783: 5776: 5769: 5762: 5755: 5748: 5741: 5734: 5727: 5721: 5714: 5707: 5695: 5688: 5681: 5674: 5667: 5661: 5654: 5647: 5640: 5633: 5626: 5620: 5613: 5601: 5594: 5587: 5580: 5573: 5566: 5559: 5552: 5545: 5538: 5531: 5519: 5512: 5505: 5498: 5492: 5485: 5478: 5471: 5464: 5457: 5451: 5444: 5437: 5431: 5419: 5412: 5405: 5398: 5391: 5384: 5377: 5370: 5363: 5356: 5350: 5343: 5331: 5324: 5317: 5310: 5303: 5296: 5289: 5282: 5275: 5269: 5262: 5256: 5248: 5242: 5230: 5223: 5216: 5209: 5202: 5195: 5188: 5181: 5174: 5167: 5160: 5148: 5141: 5134: 5127: 5120: 5113: 5106: 5099: 5092: 5085: 5078: 5066: 5059: 5052: 5045: 5038: 5031: 5024: 5017: 5010: 5004: 4997: 4990: 4945: 4944: 4891:Word comparisons 4886: 4872: 4830: 4824: 4818: 4812: 4744: 4737: 4726: 4719: 4712: 4705: 4676: 4669: 4662: 4655: 4648: 4641: 4630: 4623: 4616: 4606: 4599: 4592: 4585: 4578: 4571: 4560: 4553: 4546: 4536: 4529: 4522: 4515: 4508: 4501: 4490: 4483: 4476: 4466: 4459: 4452: 4445: 4438: 4431: 4420: 4413: 4406: 4396: 4389: 4382: 4375: 4368: 4361: 4350: 4343: 4336: 4326: 4319: 4312: 4305: 4298: 4291: 4280: 4273: 4266: 4256: 4249: 4242: 4235: 4228: 4221: 4210: 4203: 4196: 4186: 4179: 4172: 4165: 4158: 4151: 4144: 4137: 4130: 4120: 4113: 4106: 4099: 4092: 4085: 4078: 4071: 4064: 4054: 4047: 4040: 4033: 4026: 4019: 4008: 4001: 3994: 3984: 3977: 3970: 3963: 3956: 3949: 3942: 3935: 3928: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3861: 3860: 3727: 3721: 3714: 3706: 3698:nasalized vowels 3695: 3688: 3681: 3674: 3666: 3658:nasal consonants 3606: 3591: 3580: 3572: 3565: 3558: 3547: 3539: 3523: 3515: 3507: 3499: 3491: 3480: 3472: 3457: 3449: 3435: 3428: 3412: 3404: 3389: 3377: 3368: 3346: 3329: 3321: 3312: 3305: 3290: 3280: 3273: 3266: 3255: 3246: 3239: 3232: 3221: 3206: 3197: 3183: 3173: 3164: 3150: 3140: 3133: 3124: 3117: 3106: 3101: 3094: 3085: 3078: 3067: 3018: 3017: 3007: 2991: 2984: 2970: 2963: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2915: 2907: 2899: 2891: 2878: 2871: 2855: 2846: 2839: 2823: 2807: 2798: 2791: 2777: 2768: 2761: 2730: 2729: 2711: 2705: 2697: 2690: 2683: 2676: 2669: 2663: 2656: 2649: 2642: 2635: 2629: 2622: 2536: 2528: 2512:Subject pronouns 2500: 2486: 2472: 2466: 2453: 2445: 2437: 2423: 2410: 2402: 2394: 2380: 2367: 2359: 2350: 2344: 2338: 2331: 2311: 2305: 2292: 2284: 2276: 2262: 2235: 2234: 2224: 2218: 2210: 2202: 2196: 2188: 2163: 2157: 2151: 2145: 2139: 2133: 2127: 2121: 2115: 2109: 2103: 2097: 2091: 2072: 2069: 2060: 2054: 2047: 2040: 2026: 2019: 2012: 2005: 1976: 1975: 1830:Laval University 1771:) as one of its 1710:(Freiburg), and 1676:(southern edge). 1358:Valdôtain patois 1319: 1171:Franco-Provençal 1154:Franco-Provençal 1051:Franco-Provençal 1031:Spanish Monarchy 1010:Savoyard dialect 971:Federico Krutwig 945:, including the 720: 706:francoprovenzale 691: 684:Franco-Provençal 682:The designation 609:Franco-Provençal 572: 564: 539: 507: 500: 484: 477: 429:language in 410: 301:Franco-Provençal 243: 155: 153:[arpetã] 149: 143: 119:Franco-Provençal 116: 115: 107: 100: 96: 93: 87: 64: 63: 56: 21: 17599: 17598: 17594: 17593: 17592: 17590: 17589: 17588: 17544: 17543: 17542: 17537: 17504: 17488: 17466:Pannonian Latin 17452:African Romance 17435: 17388: 17319: 17312: 17250:Judeo-Provençal 17123: 17112: 17089: 17038: 16948:Chilean Chilote 16890: 16776: 16717: 16713: 16710: 16699: 16687:Moselle Romance 16654: 16503:Missouri French 16464:Franco-Ontarian 16339: 16328: 16321: 16061: 16026: 16003:Southern Latian 15906: 15871:Maltese Italian 15803:Central Italian 15787: 15780: 15775:Common Romanian 15691: 15675:Italo-Dalmatian 15653: 15643: 15613: 15608: 15607: 15575: 15536: 15454:Moselle Romance 15414:Karipúna Creole 15341: 15270: 15182:Franco-Ontarian 15084: 15041: 15004: 14999:Canadian French 14987: 14981: 14951: 14946: 14920: 14884: 14853: 14843: 14841: 14811: 14806: 14805: 14804: 14799: 14795: 14785: 14771: 14752: 14732: 14718:Austrian German 14706: 14697: 14656: 14647:Calabrian Greek 14620: 14587: 14573:Natisone Valley 14558:Inner Carniolan 14521: 14512: 14481: 14474: 14469: 14467: 14453: 14444: 14437: 14430: 14394: 14358: 14326: 14320: 14311: 14297: 14290: 14272: 14263: 14256: 14252:Eastern Lombard 14242: 14233: 14226: 14219: 14212: 14205: 14196: 14189: 14182: 14173: 14166: 14159: 14152: 14145: 14136: 14129: 14120: 14113: 14109:Western Lombard 14095: 14039: 14030: 14007: 13976: 13962: 13944: 13913: 13877: 13855: 13849: 13840: 13826: 13803: 13789:Southern Latian 13774: 13755:Castelmezzanese 13731: 13695: 13677: 13646: 13579: 13569: 13567: 13537: 13532: 13522: 13506: 13425: 13301: 13285: 13275: 13273: 13239:Francoprovençal 13155: 13150: 13113: 13111: 13107: 13100: 13088: 13032: 12997: 12864:Wayback Machine 12726:Wayback Machine 12692:Wayback Machine 12662: 12660: 12637:Joze Harietta ( 12373:Wayback Machine 12276: 12271: 12270: 12235: 12231: 12192: 12188: 12153: 12149: 12132: 12128: 12118: 12116: 12101: 12097: 12088: 12084: 12078:Wayback Machine 12067: 12063: 12046: 12042: 12036:Wayback Machine 12023: 12019: 12014: 12010: 12002: 11998: 11991: 11987: 11980: 11976: 11969: 11965: 11958: 11954: 11938: 11937: 11930: 11928: 11926: 11908: 11901: 11866: 11862: 11852: 11850: 11848: 11822: 11818: 11808: 11806: 11793: 11792: 11785: 11776:Wayback Machine 11767: 11763: 11757:Wayback Machine 11748: 11744: 11740:, Aoste (2003). 11732: 11728: 11719: 11715: 11709:Wayback Machine 11700: 11696: 11686: 11684: 11675: 11674: 11670: 11660: 11658: 11657:on 5 March 2010 11649: 11648: 11644: 11634: 11632: 11623: 11622: 11618: 11612:Wayback Machine 11595: 11591: 11582: 11578: 11572:Wayback Machine 11555: 11551: 11533:Charles d'Anjou 11530: 11526: 11521: 11517: 11511:Wayback Machine 11502: 11498: 11485: 11481: 11472: 11465: 11459: 11455: 11443:9 July 2012 at 11433: 11429: 11424: 11420: 11415: 11411: 11406: 11402: 11397: 11393: 11387:Wayback Machine 11367: 11363: 11353: 11351: 11347: 11332: 11326: 11322: 11316:Wayback Machine 11307: 11303: 11294: 11292: 11285: 11267: 11263: 11254: 11247: 11232: 11228: 11218: 11216: 11203: 11202: 11198: 11188: 11186: 11182: 11178:. p. 165. 11171: 11167: 11166: 11162: 11153: 11151: 11140: 11139: 11135: 11125: 11123: 11102: 11095: 11085: 11083: 11070: 11069: 11058: 11052: 11041: 11037: 11032: 11027: 11026: 11009: 11005: 11000: 10968: 10933:(1896–1961) of 10899:Prosper Convert 10877:Wayback Machine 10435: 10378: 10270:Cheseaux-Noréaz 10175:Collombey-Muraz 10036: 10012:Thil-sur-Arroux 9786:Meyrieux-Trouet 9714:Aillon-le-Vieux 9194:Vétraz-Monthoux 9190:Viuz-la-Chiésaz 9178:Ville-en-Sallaz 9030:Annecy-le-Vieux 8896:Goux-les-Usiers 8762:Virieu-le-Petit 8758:Virieu-le-Grand 8454:Charnoz-sur-Ain 8450:Chanoz-Châtenay 8400: 8355: 8303:[ʃɛˈne] 8290:[ˈʃɑnɑ] 8263: 7866:She is singing. 7549:S'il-vous-plaît 7490:[tɛˈpɛ] 7354:[arˈvi] 7233: 7083:10. Valsavarein 6994:4. Valpellinois 6814:3. Pontissalien 6794:1. Neuchâtelois 6740:Viuz-la-Chiésaz 6685:4. Tartentaise 6667:& Ma’tchuta 6606:5. Grésivaudan 6485:, Ain southeast 6389: 4893: 4688: 3735: 3054: 3040: 3032: 3016: 2728: 2720: 2715: 2664:, "to finish"; 2414:the fingernail 2226: 2212: 2204: 2190: 2104:(Jeanne/Jane), 1952: 1929:, for example: 1903: 1891: 1809: 1739: 1698:(Genève/Genf), 1683: 1613: 1356:(place name in 1350: 1334: 1175:francoprovençal 1079: 919: 914: 908: 896:→ Romance-West 826: 742:Francoprovençal 698:francoprovençal 689:francoprovençâl 613:Francoprovençal 586:Without proper 574: 573: 567: 555: 554: 519:Francoprovençal 503: 502: 496: 480: 473: 463: 430: 428: 421:Official status 411: 406: 360: 332: 325: 291:Gallo-Rhaetian? 279:Western Romance 259:Latino-Faliscan 244: 241:Language family 239: 232: 228: 227:Native speakers 141:[patwe] 108: 97: 91: 88: 77: 71:has an unclear 65: 61: 54: 47: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17597: 17587: 17586: 17581: 17576: 17571: 17566: 17561: 17556: 17539: 17538: 17536: 17535: 17528: 17519: 17509: 17506: 17505: 17503: 17502: 17496: 17494: 17490: 17489: 17487: 17486: 17485: 17484: 17479: 17469: 17462: 17455: 17447: 17445: 17441: 17440: 17437: 17436: 17434: 17433: 17432: 17431: 17426: 17421: 17416: 17405: 17396: 17394: 17390: 17389: 17387: 17386: 17385: 17384: 17379: 17374: 17369: 17364: 17354: 17353: 17352: 17347: 17337: 17336: 17335: 17324: 17322: 17314: 17313: 17311: 17310: 17309: 17308: 17307: 17306: 17292: 17291: 17290: 17285: 17275: 17274: 17273: 17263: 17258: 17253: 17246: 17245: 17244: 17237: 17232: 17227: 17217: 17207: 17206: 17205: 17204: 17203: 17198: 17190: 17185: 17182:Judaeo-Catalan 17178: 17177: 17176: 17171: 17166: 17165: 17164: 17159: 17149: 17141: 17128: 17126: 17118: 17117: 17114: 17113: 17111: 17110: 17104: 17097: 17095: 17091: 17090: 17088: 17087: 17086: 17085: 17071: 17066: 17065: 17064: 17054: 17046: 17044: 17040: 17039: 17037: 17036: 17029: 17028: 17027: 17022: 17017: 17012: 17011: 17010: 17005: 17000: 16995: 16990: 16989: 16988: 16971: 16970: 16969: 16964: 16963: 16962: 16952: 16951: 16950: 16937:Latin American 16933: 16928: 16916: 16914:Judaeo-Spanish 16911: 16906: 16900: 16898: 16892: 16891: 16889: 16888: 16881: 16880: 16879: 16874: 16869: 16868: 16867: 16855: 16854: 16853: 16841: 16836: 16829: 16817: 16810: 16805: 16804: 16803: 16792: 16786: 16784: 16778: 16777: 16775: 16774: 16767: 16762: 16761: 16760: 16750: 16745: 16744: 16743: 16732: 16730: 16721: 16705: 16704: 16701: 16700: 16698: 16697: 16690: 16683: 16682: 16681: 16676: 16671: 16659: 16656: 16655: 16653: 16652: 16651: 16650: 16645: 16635: 16634: 16633: 16628: 16618: 16613: 16608: 16603: 16602: 16601: 16596: 16591: 16586: 16585: 16584: 16577: 16576: 16575: 16565: 16560: 16543: 16538: 16537: 16536: 16531: 16526: 16516: 16515: 16514: 16507: 16506: 16505: 16500: 16499: 16498: 16488: 16483: 16482: 16481: 16476: 16471: 16466: 16461: 16460: 16459: 16454: 16444: 16439: 16434: 16433: 16432: 16427: 16409: 16404: 16392: 16387: 16382: 16381: 16380: 16375: 16365: 16360: 16355: 16350: 16344: 16342: 16331: 16323: 16322: 16320: 16319: 16318: 16317: 16307: 16300: 16299: 16298: 16297: 16296: 16291: 16286: 16285: 16284: 16279: 16274: 16264: 16259: 16254: 16253: 16252: 16247: 16242: 16237: 16227: 16222: 16221: 16220: 16205: 16204: 16203: 16198: 16183: 16178: 16177: 16176: 16171: 16166: 16161: 16156: 16151: 16141: 16136: 16131: 16126: 16125: 16124: 16123: 16122: 16117: 16107: 16106: 16105: 16100: 16084: 16082: 16073: 16067: 16066: 16063: 16062: 16060: 16059: 16057:Judaeo-Italian 16054: 16053: 16052: 16047: 16034: 16032: 16028: 16027: 16025: 16024: 16023: 16022: 16017: 16016: 16015: 16010: 16005: 16000: 15995: 15994: 15993: 15983: 15978: 15973: 15968: 15951: 15950: 15949: 15948: 15947: 15937: 15936: 15935: 15925: 15914: 15912: 15908: 15907: 15905: 15904: 15903: 15902: 15890: 15885: 15884: 15883: 15878: 15873: 15868: 15856: 15855: 15854: 15844: 15843: 15842: 15837: 15832: 15827: 15826: 15825: 15820: 15815: 15799: 15797: 15790: 15782: 15781: 15779: 15778: 15771: 15770: 15769: 15764: 15759: 15754: 15749: 15744: 15739: 15734: 15729: 15717: 15712: 15710:Istro-Romanian 15707: 15701: 15699: 15693: 15692: 15690: 15689: 15684: 15683: 15682: 15677: 15667: 15661: 15659: 15658:Major branches 15655: 15654: 15650:classification 15642: 15641: 15634: 15627: 15619: 15610: 15609: 15606: 15605: 15598: 15592: 15581: 15580: 15577: 15576: 15574: 15573: 15572: 15571: 15566: 15555: 15548: 15546: 15542: 15541: 15538: 15537: 15535: 15534: 15527: 15526: 15525: 15515: 15508: 15503: 15502: 15501: 15496: 15486: 15481: 15474: 15469: 15462: 15457: 15450: 15445: 15440: 15435: 15434: 15433: 15423: 15416: 15411: 15408:Haitian Creole 15405: 15400: 15395: 15390: 15385: 15380: 15378:Burundi Pidgin 15375: 15370: 15365: 15360: 15355: 15349: 15347: 15343: 15342: 15340: 15339: 15334: 15327: 15320: 15315: 15310: 15305: 15300: 15293: 15288: 15280: 15278: 15272: 15271: 15269: 15268: 15263: 15258: 15253: 15248: 15243: 15238: 15233: 15228: 15223: 15216: 15211: 15204: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15174: 15169: 15168: 15167: 15162: 15151: 15146: 15141: 15136: 15131: 15130: 15129: 15124: 15113: 15112: 15111: 15106: 15095: 15093: 15086: 15085: 15083: 15082: 15077: 15072: 15067: 15062: 15057: 15051: 15049: 15043: 15042: 15040: 15039: 15034: 15029: 15023: 15021: 15012: 15006: 15005: 15003: 15002: 14995: 14993: 14989: 14988: 14980: 14979: 14972: 14965: 14957: 14948: 14947: 14945: 14944: 14939: 14934: 14928: 14926: 14925:Sign languages 14922: 14921: 14919: 14918: 14913: 14908: 14903: 14892: 14890: 14886: 14885: 14883: 14882: 14877: 14872: 14867: 14861: 14859: 14855: 14854: 14840: 14839: 14832: 14825: 14817: 14808: 14807: 14803: 14802: 14792: 14791: 14790: 14787: 14786: 14784: 14783: 14778: 14777: 14776: 14764: 14759: 14758: 14757: 14754:Italian Hebrew 14744: 14742: 14738: 14737: 14734: 14733: 14731: 14730: 14725: 14720: 14714: 14712: 14708: 14707: 14705: 14704: 14703: 14702: 14699:South Tyrolean 14690: 14685: 14679: 14677: 14668: 14662: 14661: 14658: 14657: 14655: 14654: 14649: 14643: 14641: 14632: 14626: 14625: 14622: 14621: 14619: 14618: 14613: 14608: 14603: 14597: 14595: 14593:Serbo-Croatian 14589: 14588: 14586: 14585: 14580: 14575: 14570: 14565: 14560: 14555: 14550: 14544: 14542: 14533: 14527: 14526: 14523: 14522: 14520: 14519: 14518: 14517: 14504: 14502: 14493: 14483: 14482: 14480: 14479: 14464: 14462: 14459: 14458: 14455: 14454: 14452: 14451: 14450: 14449: 14442: 14435: 14423: 14417: 14415: 14413:Rhaeto-Romance 14406: 14404:Rhaeto-Romance 14400: 14399: 14396: 14395: 14393: 14392: 14387: 14381: 14379: 14370: 14364: 14363: 14360: 14359: 14357: 14356: 14351: 14346: 14341: 14336: 14330: 14328: 14322: 14321: 14319: 14318: 14317: 14316: 14304: 14303: 14302: 14295: 14282: 14280: 14274: 14273: 14271: 14270: 14269: 14268: 14261: 14249: 14248: 14247: 14240: 14239: 14238: 14231: 14224: 14210: 14203: 14202: 14201: 14187: 14180: 14179: 14178: 14171: 14164: 14157: 14143: 14142: 14141: 14127: 14126: 14125: 14105: 14103: 14097: 14096: 14094: 14093: 14088: 14083: 14078: 14073: 14068: 14062: 14060: 14051: 14045: 14044: 14041: 14040: 14038: 14037: 14036: 14035: 14023: 14017: 14015: 14009: 14008: 14006: 14005: 13999: 13997: 13988: 13982: 13981: 13978: 13977: 13975: 13974: 13969: 13968: 13967: 13954: 13952: 13946: 13945: 13943: 13942: 13936: 13934: 13925: 13919: 13918: 13915: 13914: 13912: 13911: 13906: 13900: 13898: 13889: 13883: 13882: 13879: 13878: 13876: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13859: 13857: 13851: 13850: 13848: 13847: 13846: 13845: 13833: 13832: 13831: 13819: 13813: 13811: 13805: 13804: 13802: 13801: 13796: 13791: 13786: 13781: 13780: 13779: 13767: 13762: 13757: 13752: 13747: 13741: 13739: 13733: 13732: 13730: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13714: 13709: 13703: 13701: 13697: 13696: 13694: 13693: 13687: 13685: 13679: 13678: 13676: 13675: 13669: 13667: 13658: 13648: 13647: 13584: 13581: 13580: 13566: 13565: 13558: 13551: 13543: 13534: 13533: 13527: 13524: 13523: 13521: 13520: 13514: 13512: 13508: 13507: 13505: 13504: 13499: 13494: 13489: 13484: 13479: 13474: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13449: 13444: 13439: 13433: 13431: 13427: 13426: 13424: 13423: 13418: 13388: 13383: 13378: 13373: 13368: 13363: 13360:French Flemish 13356: 13351: 13341: 13336: 13322: 13321: 13320: 13309: 13307: 13303: 13302: 13300: 13299: 13293: 13291: 13287: 13286: 13272: 13271: 13264: 13257: 13249: 13243: 13242: 13235:TRAINS DIRECTS 13225: 13224:, Switzerland. 13211: 13197: 13192: 13186: 13179: 13170: 13164: 13154: 13153:External links 13151: 13149: 13148: 13134: 13120: 13093: 13086: 13073: 13066: 13052: 13041: 13030: 13017: 13002: 12988: 12981: 12970:Classification 12962: 12955:Ursula Reutner 12952: 12938: 12931: 12916: 12901: 12887: 12880: 12866: 12849: 12842: 12835: 12828: 12814: 12795: 12783:(3): 349–355. 12768: 12761: 12747: 12733: 12730:Michel Contini 12715: 12701: 12694: 12669: 12646: 12635: 12628: 12614: 12607: 12593: 12579: 12572: 12565: 12554: 12540: 12533: 12526: 12512: 12505: 12491: 12484: 12470: 12455: 12448: 12434: 12420: 12406: 12399: 12385: 12378: 12356: 12349: 12342: 12328: 12313: 12306: 12292: 12285: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12269: 12268: 12229: 12199:L'Afére Pecârd 12186: 12147: 12126: 12095: 12082: 12061: 12040: 12017: 12008: 12006::111, 133, 153 11996: 11985: 11982:Kasstan (2015) 11974: 11963: 11952: 11924: 11899: 11876:(249): 11–29. 11860: 11846: 11816: 11783: 11761: 11742: 11726: 11713: 11694: 11668: 11642: 11616: 11589: 11576: 11549: 11524: 11515: 11496: 11479: 11453: 11427: 11418: 11409: 11400: 11391: 11361: 11320: 11301: 11283: 11261: 11239:alpine pasture 11226: 11196: 11160: 11133: 11093: 11056: 11034: 11033: 11031: 11028: 11025: 11024: 11002: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10995: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10974: 10967: 10964: 10670: 10669: 10668: 10667: 10664: 10661: 10658: 10653: 10652: 10651: 10646: 10641: 10636: 10628: 10627: 10626: 10625: 10622: 10619: 10616: 10611: 10610: 10609: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10586: 10585: 10584: 10583: 10580: 10577: 10574: 10569: 10568: 10567: 10562: 10557: 10552: 10538:Cé qu'è l'ainô 10500: 10499: 10416:Justinian Code 10413:(known as the 10377: 10374: 10373: 10372: 10254:Bioley-Orjulaz 10250:Bioley-Magnoux 10242:Arnex-sur-Orbe 10238:Arnex-sur-Nyon 10229: 10162: 10147: 10100: 10035: 10032: 10031: 10030: 9955:Saône-et-Loire 9951: 9941:Vaulx-en-Velin 9824: 9705: 9598: 9524:Châtel-de-Joux 9507: 9196: 9186:Viuz-en-Sallaz 9166:Veigy-Foncenex 9017: 8962: 8912:Granges-Narboz 8863: 8785:Boucieu-le-Roi 8768: 8750:Vieu-d'Izenave 8399: 8396: 8395: 8394: 8379: 8354: 8351: 8265:Other than in 8262: 8259: 8256: 8255: 8243: 8236: 8234: 8226: 8225: 8213: 8211: 8204: 8197: 8192: 8188: 8187: 8180: 8173: 8171: 8163: 8162: 8155: 8153: 8146: 8139: 8134: 8130: 8129: 8115: 8108: 8106: 8098: 8097: 8090: 8088: 8081: 8074: 8069: 8065: 8064: 8062: 8055: 8053: 8045: 8044: 8037: 8035: 8028: 8021: 8016: 8012: 8011: 8004: 7997: 7995: 7987: 7986: 7984: 7982: 7975: 7968: 7963: 7959: 7958: 7951: 7944: 7942: 7934: 7933: 7926: 7924: 7917: 7910: 7905: 7904:It is raining. 7901: 7900: 7893: 7886: 7879: 7872: 7867: 7863: 7862: 7855: 7848: 7841: 7834: 7829: 7825: 7824: 7817: 7810: 7803: 7796: 7791: 7787: 7786: 7779: 7772: 7765: 7758: 7753: 7749: 7748: 7741: 7734: 7727: 7720: 7715: 7711: 7710: 7703: 7696: 7689: 7682: 7677: 7673: 7672: 7665: 7658: 7651: 7644: 7639: 7635: 7634: 7627: 7620: 7613: 7606: 7601: 7597: 7596: 7583: 7576: 7569: 7562: 7557: 7553: 7552: 7545: 7538: 7531: 7524: 7519: 7515: 7514: 7500: 7493: 7486: 7473: 7464: 7460: 7459: 7446: 7443:[ˈnɔ̃] 7439: 7432: 7425: 7420: 7416: 7415: 7402: 7395: 7388: 7381: 7376: 7372: 7371: 7364: 7357: 7350: 7347:A revér ! 7343: 7338: 7334: 7333: 7326: 7319: 7312: 7305: 7300: 7296: 7295: 7292:Bonjour ! 7288: 7281: 7274: 7271:Bonjorn ! 7267: 7265:Bonjorn ! 7262: 7258: 7257: 7254: 7251: 7248: 7245: 7242: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7227: 7226: 7225: 7207: 7206: 7193: 7192: 7191: 7190: 7159: 7158: 7145: 7144: 7143: 7142: 7130: 7117: 7103: 7093: 7080: 7068: 7055: 7042: 7032:6. Valtournain 7029: 7016: 6991: 6981: 6968: 6948: 6947: 6927: 6926: 6925: 6924: 6914: 6897: 6890:2. Gruyèrienne 6887: 6874: 6873: 6860: 6859: 6858: 6857: 6840: 6824: 6811: 6808:Vaud northwest 6804:2. Vaudois-NW. 6801: 6788: 6787: 6774: 6773: 6772: 6771: 6758: 6748:8. Faucigneran 6745: 6728: 6716: 6713:, Savoie north 6699: 6682: 6679:, Savoie south 6657: 6645: 6630: 6629: 6616: 6615: 6614: 6613: 6603: 6590: 6577: 6564: 6548: 6547: 6539:Dauphinois-N.: 6534: 6533: 6532: 6531: 6515: 6512:, & Balmes 6501: 6488: 6475: 6455: 6454: 6441: 6440: 6411:dialect idioms 6409:comprising 41 6407:dialect groups 6388: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6378: 6371: 6364: 6357: 6344: 6331: 6324: 6317: 6310: 6303: 6296: 6288: 6287: 6284: 6277: 6270: 6263: 6256: 6249: 6242: 6235: 6228: 6221: 6214: 6206: 6205: 6202: 6195: 6188: 6181: 6174: 6161: 6154: 6147: 6140: 6133: 6126: 6118: 6117: 6114: 6107: 6100: 6093: 6080: 6073: 6066: 6059: 6046: 6039: 6032: 6024: 6023: 6020: 6013: 6006: 5993: 5980: 5961: 5954: 5941: 5928: 5921: 5914: 5894: 5893: 5890: 5883: 5876: 5869: 5862: 5849: 5842: 5835: 5822: 5815: 5802: 5794: 5793: 5790: 5777: 5770: 5763: 5756: 5749: 5742: 5735: 5728: 5715: 5708: 5700: 5699: 5696: 5689: 5682: 5675: 5668: 5655: 5648: 5641: 5634: 5627: 5614: 5606: 5605: 5602: 5595: 5588: 5581: 5574: 5567: 5560: 5553: 5546: 5539: 5532: 5524: 5523: 5520: 5513: 5506: 5499: 5486: 5479: 5472: 5465: 5458: 5445: 5438: 5424: 5423: 5420: 5413: 5406: 5399: 5392: 5385: 5378: 5371: 5364: 5357: 5344: 5336: 5335: 5332: 5325: 5318: 5311: 5304: 5297: 5290: 5283: 5276: 5263: 5250: 5235: 5234: 5231: 5224: 5217: 5210: 5203: 5196: 5189: 5182: 5175: 5168: 5161: 5153: 5152: 5149: 5142: 5135: 5128: 5121: 5114: 5107: 5100: 5093: 5086: 5079: 5071: 5070: 5067: 5060: 5053: 5046: 5039: 5032: 5025: 5018: 5011: 4998: 4991: 4983: 4982: 4979: 4976: 4973: 4970: 4967: 4964: 4961: 4958: 4955: 4952: 4949: 4892: 4889: 4687: 4684: 4681: 4680: 4677: 4670: 4663: 4656: 4649: 4642: 4631: 4624: 4617: 4611: 4610: 4607: 4600: 4593: 4586: 4579: 4572: 4561: 4554: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4537: 4530: 4523: 4516: 4509: 4502: 4491: 4484: 4477: 4471: 4470: 4467: 4460: 4453: 4446: 4439: 4432: 4421: 4414: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4397: 4390: 4383: 4376: 4369: 4362: 4351: 4344: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4327: 4320: 4313: 4306: 4299: 4292: 4281: 4274: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4257: 4250: 4243: 4236: 4229: 4222: 4211: 4204: 4197: 4191: 4190: 4187: 4180: 4173: 4166: 4159: 4152: 4145: 4138: 4131: 4125: 4124: 4121: 4114: 4107: 4100: 4093: 4086: 4079: 4072: 4065: 4059: 4058: 4055: 4048: 4041: 4034: 4027: 4020: 4009: 4002: 3995: 3989: 3988: 3985: 3978: 3971: 3964: 3957: 3950: 3943: 3936: 3929: 3923: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3881: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3856: 3855: 3824: 3785: 3758: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3729: 3651: 3616: 3608: 3593: 3582: 3567: 3560: 3551:A nasal sound 3549: 3482: 3467: 3437: 3436: 3429: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3408: 3407: 3405: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3371: 3369: 3362: 3360: 3354: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3340: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3322: 3315: 3313: 3306: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3283: 3281: 3274: 3267: 3260: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3240: 3233: 3226: 3219: 3213: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3199: 3190: 3188: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3166: 3157: 3155: 3148: 3142: 3141: 3134: 3127: 3125: 3118: 3111: 3103: 3102: 3095: 3088: 3086: 3079: 3072: 3065: 3059: 3058: 3048: 3043: 3036: 3026: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3008: 3001: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2985: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2964: 2957: 2951: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2932: 2931: 2917: 2880: 2879: 2872: 2865: 2863: 2857: 2856: 2849: 2847: 2840: 2833: 2827: 2826: 2824: 2817: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2801: 2799: 2792: 2785: 2779: 2778: 2771: 2769: 2762: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2727: 2724: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2713: 2706:(to have) and 2698:, "to sell"). 2630:, "to speak"; 2573: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2545: 2539: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2502: 2494: 2488: 2480: 2474: 2459: 2458: 2455: 2447: 2439: 2431: 2425: 2416: 2415: 2412: 2404: 2396: 2388: 2382: 2373: 2372: 2369: 2361: 2353: 2325: 2313: 2298: 2297: 2294: 2286: 2278: 2270: 2264: 2255: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2213: 2205: 2191: 2183: 2165: 2075: 2074: 2061: 2048: 2041: 2034: 2028: 2027: 2020: 2013: 2006: 1999: 1993: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1960: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1946: 1919: 1902: 1899: 1890: 1887: 1808: 1805: 1738: 1737:Present status 1735: 1734: 1733: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1677: 1674:Saône-et-Loire 1612: 1609: 1608: 1607: 1584: 1565:Valprato Soana 1537:Ronco Canavese 1489:Lanzo Torinese 1439:(Chalambert), 1433:Ceresole Reale 1393: 1370:Vallée d'Aoste 1364:; in Italian: 1349: 1346: 1333: 1330: 1290:House of Savoy 1078: 1075: 1043:Duchy of Savoy 1035:House of Savoy 918: 915: 912: 902:reference name 880:Indo-European 879: 825: 824:Classification 822: 771:Duchy of Savoy 660:Rhaeto-Romance 650:dialects (the 604: 603: 590:, you may see 576: 575: 566: 565: 557: 556: 553: 552: 549: 546: 542: 540: 532: 531: 528: 522: 521: 516: 510: 509: 508: Arpitan 494: 486: 485: 478: 470: 469: 468:Language codes 465: 464: 462: 461: 450: 449: 442: 441: 438: 433: 431: 426: 423: 422: 418: 417: 412: 408:Writing system 405: 402: 401: 400: 399: 396: 391: 386: 381: 378: 371: 366: 362: 361: 359: 358: 357: 356: 355: 354: 335: 333: 330: 327: 326: 324: 323: 322: 321: 320: 319: 318: 317: 316: 315: 314: 313: 312: 311: 310: 309: 308: 307: 306: 305: 304: 303: 283:Gallo-Iberian? 247: 245: 238: 235: 234: 229: 226: 223: 222: 169: 165: 164: 161: 160:Native to 157: 156: 147:[ɡaga] 137: 133: 132: 126: 125: 121: 120: 110: 109: 73:citation style 68: 66: 59: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17596: 17585: 17582: 17580: 17577: 17575: 17572: 17570: 17567: 17565: 17562: 17560: 17557: 17555: 17552: 17551: 17549: 17533: 17529: 17527: 17523: 17520: 17518: 17514: 17511: 17510: 17507: 17501: 17500:Proto-Romance 17498: 17497: 17495: 17493:Reconstructed 17491: 17483: 17480: 17478: 17475: 17474: 17473: 17470: 17468: 17467: 17463: 17461: 17460: 17459:British Latin 17456: 17454: 17453: 17449: 17448: 17446: 17442: 17430: 17427: 17425: 17422: 17420: 17417: 17415: 17412: 17411: 17409: 17406: 17403: 17402: 17398: 17397: 17395: 17391: 17383: 17380: 17378: 17375: 17373: 17370: 17368: 17365: 17363: 17360: 17359: 17358: 17355: 17351: 17348: 17346: 17343: 17342: 17341: 17338: 17334: 17331: 17330: 17329: 17326: 17325: 17323: 17321: 17315: 17305: 17304: 17300: 17299: 17298: 17297: 17293: 17289: 17286: 17284: 17281: 17280: 17279: 17278:Vivaro-Alpine 17276: 17272: 17269: 17268: 17267: 17264: 17262: 17259: 17257: 17254: 17252: 17251: 17247: 17243: 17242: 17238: 17236: 17233: 17231: 17228: 17226: 17223: 17222: 17221: 17218: 17216: 17213: 17212: 17211: 17208: 17202: 17199: 17197: 17194: 17193: 17191: 17189: 17186: 17184: 17183: 17179: 17175: 17172: 17170: 17167: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17154: 17153: 17150: 17148: 17145: 17144: 17142: 17140: 17137: 17136: 17135: 17134: 17130: 17129: 17127: 17125: 17119: 17108: 17105: 17102: 17099: 17098: 17096: 17092: 17084: 17083: 17082:Old Navarrese 17079: 17078: 17077: 17076: 17072: 17070: 17067: 17063: 17060: 17059: 17058: 17055: 17053: 17052: 17048: 17047: 17045: 17041: 17035: 17034: 17030: 17026: 17023: 17021: 17018: 17016: 17013: 17009: 17006: 17004: 17001: 16999: 16996: 16994: 16991: 16987: 16984: 16983: 16982: 16979: 16978: 16977: 16976: 16972: 16968: 16965: 16961: 16958: 16957: 16956: 16953: 16949: 16946: 16945: 16944: 16941: 16940: 16939: 16938: 16934: 16932: 16931:Equatoguinean 16929: 16927: 16924: 16923: 16922: 16921: 16917: 16915: 16912: 16910: 16907: 16905: 16902: 16901: 16899: 16897: 16893: 16887: 16886: 16882: 16878: 16875: 16873: 16870: 16866: 16863: 16862: 16861: 16860: 16856: 16852: 16849: 16848: 16847: 16846: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16835: 16834: 16830: 16828: 16825: 16824: 16823: 16822: 16818: 16816: 16815: 16811: 16809: 16806: 16801: 16798: 16797: 16796: 16793: 16791: 16788: 16787: 16785: 16783: 16779: 16773: 16772: 16768: 16766: 16763: 16759: 16756: 16755: 16754: 16751: 16749: 16746: 16742: 16739: 16738: 16737: 16734: 16733: 16731: 16729: 16725: 16722: 16719: 16712: 16706: 16696: 16695: 16691: 16689: 16688: 16684: 16680: 16677: 16675: 16672: 16670: 16667: 16666: 16664: 16661: 16660: 16657: 16649: 16646: 16644: 16641: 16640: 16639: 16636: 16632: 16629: 16627: 16624: 16623: 16622: 16619: 16617: 16614: 16612: 16609: 16607: 16604: 16600: 16597: 16595: 16592: 16590: 16587: 16583: 16582: 16578: 16574: 16571: 16570: 16569: 16566: 16564: 16561: 16559: 16558: 16554: 16553: 16552: 16549: 16548: 16547: 16544: 16542: 16539: 16535: 16532: 16530: 16527: 16525: 16522: 16521: 16520: 16517: 16513: 16512: 16508: 16504: 16501: 16497: 16494: 16493: 16492: 16489: 16487: 16484: 16480: 16477: 16475: 16472: 16470: 16467: 16465: 16462: 16458: 16455: 16453: 16450: 16449: 16448: 16445: 16443: 16440: 16438: 16435: 16431: 16428: 16426: 16423: 16422: 16421: 16418: 16417: 16416: 16413: 16412: 16410: 16408: 16405: 16403: 16400: 16399: 16398: 16397: 16393: 16391: 16388: 16386: 16385:Frainc-Comtou 16383: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16370: 16369: 16366: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16354: 16351: 16349: 16346: 16345: 16343: 16341: 16335: 16332: 16330: 16324: 16316: 16313: 16312: 16311: 16308: 16306: 16305: 16301: 16295: 16292: 16290: 16287: 16283: 16280: 16278: 16275: 16273: 16270: 16269: 16268: 16265: 16263: 16260: 16258: 16255: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16233: 16232: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16219: 16216: 16215: 16214: 16211: 16210: 16209: 16206: 16202: 16199: 16197: 16194: 16193: 16192: 16189: 16188: 16187: 16184: 16182: 16181:Judeo-Italian 16179: 16175: 16172: 16170: 16167: 16165: 16162: 16160: 16157: 16155: 16152: 16150: 16147: 16146: 16145: 16142: 16140: 16137: 16135: 16132: 16130: 16127: 16121: 16118: 16116: 16113: 16112: 16111: 16108: 16104: 16101: 16099: 16096: 16095: 16094: 16091: 16090: 16089: 16086: 16085: 16083: 16081: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16068: 16058: 16055: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16045: 16041: 16040: 16039: 16036: 16035: 16033: 16029: 16021: 16018: 16014: 16011: 16009: 16006: 16004: 16001: 15999: 15996: 15992: 15989: 15988: 15987: 15984: 15982: 15979: 15977: 15976:Castelmezzano 15974: 15972: 15969: 15967: 15964: 15963: 15962: 15961: 15957: 15956: 15955: 15952: 15946: 15943: 15942: 15941: 15938: 15934: 15931: 15930: 15929: 15926: 15924: 15921: 15920: 15919: 15916: 15915: 15913: 15909: 15901: 15898: 15897: 15896: 15895: 15891: 15889: 15886: 15882: 15881:Swiss Italian 15879: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15869: 15867: 15864: 15863: 15862: 15861: 15857: 15853: 15850: 15849: 15848: 15845: 15841: 15838: 15836: 15833: 15831: 15828: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15811: 15810: 15809: 15806: 15805: 15804: 15801: 15800: 15798: 15794: 15791: 15789: 15783: 15777: 15776: 15772: 15768: 15765: 15763: 15762:Transylvanian 15760: 15758: 15755: 15753: 15750: 15748: 15745: 15743: 15740: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15730: 15728: 15725: 15724: 15723: 15722: 15721:Daco-Romanian 15718: 15716: 15713: 15711: 15708: 15706: 15703: 15702: 15700: 15698: 15694: 15688: 15685: 15681: 15678: 15676: 15673: 15672: 15671: 15670:Italo-Western 15668: 15666: 15663: 15662: 15660: 15656: 15651: 15647: 15640: 15635: 15633: 15628: 15626: 15621: 15620: 15617: 15603: 15599: 15597: 15593: 15590: 15586: 15583: 15582: 15578: 15570: 15567: 15565: 15562: 15561: 15559: 15556: 15553: 15550: 15549: 15547: 15543: 15533: 15532: 15528: 15524: 15521: 15520: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15513: 15509: 15507: 15504: 15500: 15497: 15495: 15492: 15491: 15490: 15487: 15485: 15482: 15480: 15479: 15475: 15473: 15470: 15468: 15467: 15463: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15455: 15451: 15449: 15446: 15444: 15441: 15439: 15436: 15432: 15429: 15428: 15427: 15424: 15422: 15421: 15417: 15415: 15412: 15409: 15406: 15404: 15401: 15399: 15396: 15394: 15393:Frainc-Comtou 15391: 15389: 15386: 15384: 15381: 15379: 15376: 15374: 15371: 15369: 15366: 15364: 15361: 15359: 15356: 15354: 15351: 15350: 15348: 15344: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15332: 15328: 15326: 15325: 15321: 15319: 15316: 15314: 15311: 15309: 15306: 15304: 15301: 15299: 15298: 15294: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15286: 15282: 15281: 15279: 15277: 15273: 15267: 15264: 15262: 15259: 15257: 15254: 15252: 15249: 15247: 15244: 15242: 15239: 15237: 15234: 15232: 15229: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15221: 15220:Middle French 15217: 15215: 15212: 15210: 15209: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15175: 15173: 15170: 15166: 15163: 15161: 15158: 15157: 15155: 15152: 15150: 15147: 15145: 15142: 15140: 15137: 15135: 15132: 15128: 15125: 15123: 15120: 15119: 15117: 15114: 15110: 15109:St. Marys Bay 15107: 15105: 15102: 15101: 15100: 15097: 15096: 15094: 15091: 15087: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15066: 15063: 15061: 15058: 15056: 15053: 15052: 15050: 15048: 15044: 15038: 15035: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15024: 15022: 15020: 15016: 15013: 15011: 15010:Langues d'oïl 15007: 15000: 14997: 14996: 14994: 14990: 14985: 14978: 14973: 14971: 14966: 14964: 14959: 14958: 14955: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14933: 14930: 14929: 14927: 14923: 14917: 14914: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14904: 14901: 14897: 14894: 14893: 14891: 14887: 14881: 14878: 14876: 14873: 14871: 14868: 14866: 14863: 14862: 14860: 14856: 14852: 14847: 14838: 14833: 14831: 14826: 14824: 14819: 14818: 14815: 14797: 14793: 14782: 14779: 14774: 14770: 14769: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14755: 14751: 14750: 14749: 14746: 14745: 14743: 14739: 14729: 14726: 14724: 14721: 14719: 14716: 14715: 14713: 14709: 14700: 14696: 14695: 14694: 14691: 14689: 14686: 14684: 14681: 14680: 14678: 14676: 14672: 14669: 14667: 14663: 14653: 14650: 14648: 14645: 14644: 14642: 14640: 14639:Italiot Greek 14636: 14633: 14631: 14627: 14617: 14614: 14612: 14611:Slavomolisano 14609: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14598: 14596: 14594: 14590: 14584: 14581: 14579: 14576: 14574: 14571: 14569: 14566: 14564: 14561: 14559: 14556: 14554: 14551: 14549: 14546: 14545: 14543: 14541: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14528: 14515: 14511: 14510: 14509: 14506: 14505: 14503: 14501: 14497: 14494: 14492: 14488: 14484: 14477: 14466: 14447: 14443: 14440: 14436: 14433: 14429: 14428: 14427: 14424: 14422: 14419: 14418: 14416: 14414: 14410: 14407: 14405: 14401: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14382: 14380: 14378: 14374: 14371: 14369: 14365: 14355: 14352: 14350: 14347: 14345: 14344:Judeo-Italian 14342: 14340: 14337: 14335: 14332: 14331: 14329: 14323: 14314: 14310: 14309: 14308: 14305: 14300: 14296: 14293: 14289: 14288: 14287: 14284: 14283: 14281: 14279: 14275: 14266: 14262: 14259: 14255: 14254: 14253: 14250: 14245: 14241: 14236: 14232: 14229: 14225: 14222: 14218: 14217: 14215: 14211: 14208: 14204: 14199: 14195: 14194: 14192: 14188: 14185: 14181: 14176: 14172: 14169: 14165: 14162: 14158: 14155: 14151: 14150: 14148: 14144: 14139: 14135: 14134: 14132: 14128: 14123: 14119: 14118: 14116: 14112: 14111: 14110: 14107: 14106: 14104: 14102: 14098: 14092: 14089: 14087: 14084: 14082: 14079: 14077: 14074: 14072: 14069: 14067: 14064: 14063: 14061: 14059: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14046: 14033: 14029: 14028: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14018: 14016: 14014: 14010: 14004: 14001: 14000: 13998: 13996: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13986:Gallo-Romance 13983: 13973: 13970: 13965: 13961: 13960: 13959: 13958:Vivaro-Alpine 13956: 13955: 13953: 13951: 13947: 13941: 13938: 13937: 13935: 13933: 13929: 13926: 13924: 13920: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13901: 13899: 13897: 13893: 13890: 13888: 13884: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13860: 13858: 13852: 13843: 13839: 13838: 13837: 13834: 13829: 13825: 13824: 13823: 13820: 13818: 13815: 13814: 13812: 13810: 13806: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13777: 13773: 13772: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13763: 13761: 13758: 13756: 13753: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13743: 13742: 13740: 13738: 13734: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13705: 13704: 13702: 13698: 13692: 13689: 13688: 13686: 13684: 13680: 13674: 13671: 13670: 13668: 13666: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13656:Italo-Romance 13653: 13649: 13645: 13641: 13637: 13633: 13629: 13625: 13621: 13617: 13613: 13609: 13605: 13601: 13597: 13593: 13589: 13588: 13582: 13578: 13573: 13564: 13559: 13557: 13552: 13550: 13545: 13544: 13541: 13531: 13525: 13519: 13516: 13515: 13513: 13509: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13450: 13448: 13445: 13443: 13440: 13438: 13435: 13434: 13432: 13428: 13422: 13419: 13416: 13415:Vivaro-Alpine 13412: 13408: 13404: 13400: 13396: 13392: 13389: 13387: 13384: 13382: 13379: 13377: 13374: 13372: 13369: 13367: 13364: 13361: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13349: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13334: 13330: 13326: 13323: 13319: 13316: 13315: 13314: 13311: 13310: 13308: 13304: 13298: 13295: 13294: 13292: 13288: 13284: 13279: 13270: 13265: 13263: 13258: 13256: 13251: 13250: 13247: 13240: 13237:→ scroll to: 13236: 13232: 13231: 13226: 13223: 13219: 13215: 13212: 13209: 13205: 13201: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13184: 13180: 13178: 13174: 13171: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13161: 13157: 13156: 13146: 13143: 13142: 13135: 13133: 13132:2-86930-701-2 13129: 13125: 13121: 13106: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13087:2-9512146-2-6 13083: 13079: 13074: 13071: 13067: 13065: 13064:2-84310-029-1 13061: 13057: 13053: 13050: 13046: 13042: 13039: 13033: 13031:2-7384-7203-6 13027: 13023: 13018: 13015: 13014:2-908150-15-8 13011: 13007: 13003: 12996: 12995: 12989: 12986: 12982: 12979: 12978:0-8047-1250-6 12975: 12971: 12967: 12963: 12960: 12956: 12953: 12951: 12950:0-631-19286-7 12947: 12943: 12939: 12936: 12932: 12929: 12928:2-84147-196-9 12925: 12921: 12917: 12914: 12913:92-827-5512-6 12910: 12906: 12902: 12900: 12899:3-89586-548-6 12896: 12892: 12888: 12885: 12881: 12879: 12878:88-7694-166-5 12875: 12871: 12867: 12865: 12861: 12858: 12854: 12850: 12847: 12843: 12840: 12836: 12833: 12829: 12827: 12826:2-7005-0351-1 12823: 12819: 12815: 12812: 12808: 12807:2-222-02192-8 12804: 12800: 12796: 12791: 12786: 12782: 12778: 12774: 12769: 12766: 12762: 12760: 12759:3-87808-997-X 12756: 12752: 12748: 12746: 12745:90-279-2480-5 12742: 12738: 12734: 12731: 12727: 12723: 12720: 12716: 12714: 12713:2-8321-0172-0 12710: 12706: 12702: 12699: 12695: 12693: 12689: 12686: 12682: 12678: 12674: 12670: 12658: 12654: 12653: 12647: 12644: 12640: 12636: 12633: 12629: 12627: 12626:2-84206-338-4 12623: 12619: 12615: 12612: 12608: 12606: 12605:2-7348-0399-2 12602: 12598: 12594: 12592: 12591:2-86677-036-6 12588: 12584: 12580: 12577: 12573: 12570: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12555: 12553: 12552:2-222-02857-4 12549: 12545: 12541: 12538: 12534: 12531: 12527: 12525: 12524:2-222-01226-0 12521: 12517: 12513: 12510: 12506: 12504: 12503:2-84310-011-9 12500: 12496: 12492: 12489: 12485: 12483: 12482:2-85023-076-6 12479: 12475: 12471: 12468: 12467:0-9532919-2-8 12464: 12460: 12456: 12453: 12449: 12447: 12446:2-214-07979-3 12443: 12439: 12435: 12433: 12432:2-7348-0137-X 12429: 12425: 12421: 12419: 12418:88-7032-534-2 12415: 12411: 12407: 12404: 12400: 12398: 12397:88-7032-232-7 12394: 12390: 12386: 12383: 12379: 12374: 12370: 12367: 12366: 12361: 12357: 12354: 12350: 12347: 12343: 12341: 12340:2-902709-68-4 12337: 12333: 12329: 12326: 12325:2-7084-0288-9 12322: 12318: 12314: 12311: 12307: 12305: 12304:0-87840-089-3 12301: 12297: 12293: 12290: 12286: 12283: 12279: 12278: 12265: 12264:2-88471-207-0 12261: 12257: 12256: 12251: 12247: 12243: 12239: 12233: 12226: 12225:2-203-00931-4 12222: 12218: 12214: 12213: 12208: 12206: 12200: 12196: 12190: 12183: 12182:2-203-00930-6 12179: 12175: 12171: 12170: 12165: 12161: 12157: 12151: 12144: 12143:2-940171-14-9 12140: 12136: 12130: 12114: 12110: 12106: 12099: 12092: 12091:Lyon Capitale 12086: 12079: 12075: 12072: 12071: 12070:Cé qu'è lainô 12065: 12058: 12057:0-85991-442-9 12054: 12050: 12044: 12037: 12033: 12030: 12026: 12021: 12012: 12005: 12000: 11994: 11989: 11983: 11978: 11972: 11967: 11961: 11956: 11948: 11942: 11927: 11925:9788831943093 11921: 11917: 11913: 11906: 11904: 11896: 11891: 11887: 11883: 11879: 11875: 11871: 11864: 11849: 11843: 11839: 11835: 11831: 11827: 11820: 11804: 11800: 11796: 11790: 11788: 11780: 11779:Émile Chanoux 11777: 11773: 11770: 11765: 11758: 11754: 11751: 11746: 11739: 11735: 11730: 11723: 11717: 11710: 11706: 11703: 11698: 11682: 11678: 11672: 11656: 11652: 11646: 11630: 11626: 11620: 11613: 11609: 11606: 11605: 11599: 11593: 11586: 11580: 11573: 11569: 11566: 11565: 11559: 11553: 11546: 11542: 11538: 11534: 11528: 11519: 11512: 11508: 11505: 11500: 11493: 11489: 11483: 11471: 11464: 11457: 11450: 11446: 11445:archive.today 11442: 11439: 11438: 11431: 11422: 11413: 11407:Marzys, 1971. 11404: 11395: 11389:(in Italian). 11388: 11384: 11381: 11380: 11376:. pp. 25–30. 11375: 11371: 11365: 11346: 11342: 11338: 11331: 11324: 11317: 11313: 11310: 11305: 11290: 11286: 11280: 11276: 11272: 11265: 11253: 11246: 11240: 11236: 11230: 11214: 11210: 11206: 11200: 11181: 11177: 11170: 11164: 11149: 11145: 11144: 11137: 11121: 11117: 11113: 11112: 11107: 11100: 11098: 11081: 11077: 11073: 11067: 11065: 11063: 11061: 11050: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11035: 11021: 11017: 11013: 11012:Gallo-Romance 11007: 11003: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10969: 10963: 10961: 10957: 10956: 10951: 10947: 10942: 10940: 10936: 10932: 10928: 10924: 10920: 10916: 10912: 10908: 10905:(1870–1951), 10904: 10903:Louis Mercier 10900: 10896: 10894: 10890: 10886: 10880: 10878: 10874: 10871: 10867: 10863: 10859: 10855: 10851: 10846: 10841: 10838: 10833: 10831: 10827: 10823: 10819: 10815: 10811: 10807: 10803: 10799: 10793: 10789: 10785: 10779: 10775: 10771: 10769: 10765: 10764:Clair Tisseur 10761: 10757: 10753: 10749: 10745: 10741: 10737: 10736:Saint-Étienne 10733: 10732:Jean Chapelon 10730:from Bresse; 10729: 10725: 10721: 10717: 10713: 10709: 10705: 10701: 10698:(1575–1624), 10697: 10693: 10689: 10685: 10681: 10677: 10665: 10662: 10659: 10656: 10655: 10654: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10642: 10640: 10637: 10635: 10632: 10631: 10630: 10629: 10623: 10620: 10617: 10614: 10613: 10612: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10589: 10588: 10587: 10581: 10578: 10575: 10572: 10571: 10570: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10547: 10546: 10545: 10539: 10535: 10531: 10529: 10525: 10521: 10517: 10516:Cé qu'è lainô 10513: 10509: 10505: 10497: 10492: 10491: 10490: 10488: 10484: 10483:beatification 10480: 10476: 10472: 10468: 10464: 10460: 10457: 10453: 10449: 10446:nunnery near 10445: 10441: 10430: 10426: 10424: 10423: 10418: 10417: 10411: 10410: 10404: 10399: 10397: 10396: 10391: 10382: 10371: 10367: 10363: 10359: 10355: 10351: 10347: 10343: 10339: 10335: 10331: 10327: 10323: 10319: 10315: 10311: 10307: 10303: 10299: 10295: 10291: 10287: 10283: 10279: 10275: 10271: 10267: 10263: 10259: 10255: 10251: 10247: 10243: 10239: 10235: 10234: 10230: 10228: 10224: 10220: 10216: 10212: 10208: 10204: 10200: 10196: 10192: 10188: 10184: 10180: 10176: 10172: 10168: 10167: 10163: 10161: 10157: 10153: 10152: 10148: 10146: 10142: 10138: 10137:Perly-Certoux 10134: 10130: 10126: 10122: 10118: 10114: 10110: 10106: 10105: 10101: 10099: 10095: 10091: 10087: 10083: 10079: 10075: 10071: 10067: 10063: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10047: 10043: 10042: 10038: 10037: 10029: 10025: 10021: 10017: 10013: 10009: 10005: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9989: 9985: 9981: 9977: 9973: 9969: 9965: 9961: 9957: 9956: 9952: 9950: 9946: 9942: 9938: 9934: 9930: 9926: 9922: 9918: 9914: 9910: 9906: 9902: 9898: 9894: 9890: 9886: 9882: 9878: 9874: 9870: 9866: 9862: 9858: 9854: 9850: 9846: 9842: 9838: 9834: 9830: 9829: 9825: 9823: 9819: 9815: 9811: 9807: 9803: 9799: 9795: 9791: 9787: 9783: 9779: 9775: 9771: 9767: 9763: 9759: 9755: 9751: 9747: 9743: 9739: 9735: 9731: 9727: 9723: 9719: 9715: 9711: 9710: 9706: 9704: 9700: 9696: 9692: 9688: 9684: 9680: 9676: 9672: 9668: 9664: 9660: 9656: 9652: 9648: 9644: 9640: 9636: 9632: 9628: 9624: 9620: 9616: 9615:Bussy-Albieux 9612: 9608: 9604: 9603: 9599: 9597: 9593: 9589: 9585: 9581: 9577: 9573: 9569: 9565: 9561: 9557: 9553: 9549: 9545: 9541: 9537: 9533: 9529: 9525: 9521: 9517: 9513: 9512: 9508: 9506: 9502: 9498: 9494: 9490: 9486: 9482: 9478: 9474: 9470: 9466: 9462: 9458: 9454: 9450: 9446: 9442: 9438: 9434: 9430: 9426: 9422: 9418: 9414: 9410: 9406: 9402: 9398: 9394: 9390: 9386: 9382: 9378: 9374: 9370: 9366: 9362: 9358: 9354: 9350: 9346: 9342: 9338: 9334: 9330: 9326: 9322: 9318: 9314: 9310: 9306: 9302: 9298: 9294: 9290: 9286: 9282: 9278: 9274: 9270: 9266: 9262: 9258: 9254: 9250: 9246: 9242: 9238: 9234: 9230: 9226: 9222: 9218: 9214: 9210: 9206: 9202: 9201: 9197: 9195: 9191: 9187: 9183: 9179: 9175: 9171: 9167: 9163: 9159: 9155: 9151: 9147: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9134:Mont-Saxonnex 9131: 9127: 9123: 9119: 9115: 9111: 9107: 9103: 9099: 9095: 9091: 9087: 9083: 9079: 9075: 9071: 9067: 9063: 9059: 9055: 9051: 9047: 9043: 9039: 9035: 9031: 9027: 9023: 9022: 9018: 9016: 9012: 9008: 9004: 9003:Saint-Bardoux 9000: 8996: 8992: 8988: 8984: 8980: 8976: 8972: 8968: 8967: 8963: 8961: 8957: 8953: 8949: 8945: 8941: 8937: 8933: 8932:Les Villedieu 8929: 8925: 8921: 8917: 8913: 8909: 8905: 8901: 8897: 8893: 8889: 8885: 8881: 8877: 8873: 8869: 8868: 8864: 8862: 8858: 8854: 8850: 8846: 8842: 8838: 8834: 8830: 8826: 8822: 8818: 8814: 8810: 8806: 8802: 8798: 8794: 8790: 8786: 8782: 8778: 8774: 8773: 8769: 8767: 8763: 8759: 8755: 8751: 8747: 8743: 8739: 8735: 8731: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8715: 8711: 8707: 8703: 8699: 8695: 8691: 8687: 8683: 8679: 8675: 8671: 8667: 8663: 8659: 8655: 8651: 8647: 8643: 8639: 8635: 8631: 8627: 8623: 8619: 8615: 8611: 8607: 8603: 8599: 8595: 8591: 8587: 8583: 8579: 8575: 8571: 8567: 8563: 8559: 8555: 8551: 8547: 8543: 8539: 8535: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8519: 8515: 8511: 8507: 8503: 8499: 8495: 8491: 8487: 8483: 8479: 8475: 8471: 8467: 8463: 8459: 8455: 8451: 8447: 8443: 8439: 8435: 8431: 8427: 8423: 8419: 8415: 8411: 8407: 8406: 8402: 8401: 8393: 8389: 8385: 8384: 8380: 8378: 8374: 8370: 8366: 8362: 8361: 8357: 8356: 8347: 8342: 8335: 8331: 8327: 8323: 8318: 8314: 8312: 8311: 8304: 8300:) but Chênex 8299: 8297: 8291: 8286: 8282: 8272: 8268: 8253: 8252:Patois ? 8248: 8244: 8241: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8228: 8227: 8223: 8222:Patois ? 8218: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8205: 8202: 8198: 8196: 8189: 8185: 8181: 8178: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8165: 8164: 8160: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8147: 8144: 8140: 8138: 8131: 8126: 8120: 8116: 8113: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8100: 8099: 8095: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8082: 8079: 8075: 8073: 8066: 8063: 8060: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8047: 8046: 8042: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8029: 8026: 8022: 8020: 8013: 8009: 8005: 8002: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7989: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7976: 7973: 7969: 7967: 7960: 7956: 7952: 7949: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7936: 7935: 7931: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7918: 7915: 7911: 7909: 7902: 7898: 7894: 7891: 7887: 7884: 7880: 7877: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7865: 7864: 7860: 7856: 7853: 7849: 7846: 7842: 7839: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828:He is eating. 7827: 7826: 7822: 7818: 7815: 7811: 7808: 7804: 7801: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7789: 7788: 7784: 7780: 7777: 7773: 7770: 7766: 7763: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7751: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7739: 7735: 7732: 7728: 7725: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7713: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7701: 7697: 7694: 7690: 7687: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7675: 7674: 7670: 7666: 7663: 7659: 7656: 7652: 7649: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7637: 7636: 7632: 7628: 7625: 7621: 7618: 7614: 7611: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7599: 7598: 7594: 7588: 7584: 7581: 7577: 7574: 7570: 7567: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7555: 7554: 7550: 7546: 7543: 7539: 7536: 7532: 7529: 7528:S’il vos plét 7525: 7523: 7520: 7517: 7516: 7511: 7505: 7501: 7498: 7494: 7491: 7487: 7484: 7478: 7474: 7472: 7468: 7465: 7462: 7461: 7457: 7451: 7447: 7444: 7440: 7437: 7436:[ˈnɑ] 7433: 7430: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7418: 7417: 7413: 7407: 7403: 7400: 7399:[ˈwɛ] 7396: 7393: 7392:[ˈwɛ] 7389: 7386: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7374: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7362: 7358: 7355: 7351: 7348: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7336: 7335: 7331: 7327: 7324: 7320: 7317: 7313: 7310: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7298: 7297: 7293: 7289: 7286: 7282: 7279: 7275: 7272: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7260: 7259: 7255: 7252: 7249: 7246: 7243: 7240: 7239: 7236: 7223: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7210: 7209: 7208: 7204: 7200: 7199: 7195: 7194: 7188: 7184: 7180: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7166: 7163: 7162: 7161: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7151: 7147: 7146: 7140: 7139: 7134: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7121: 7118: 7115: 7112:, similar to 7111: 7107: 7104: 7101: 7097: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7088:Valsavarenche 7084: 7081: 7078: 7077: 7076:Rhêmes valley 7072: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7059: 7058:8. Valgrisein 7056: 7053: 7052: 7046: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7037:Valtournenche 7033: 7030: 7027: 7026: 7020: 7017: 7014: 7010: 7007: 7003: 6999: 6995: 6992: 6989: 6985: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6972: 6969: 6966: 6963:, similar to 6962: 6960: 6955: 6952: 6951: 6950: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6936: 6934: 6929: 6928: 6922: 6918: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6909:Pays-d'Enhaut 6906: 6901: 6898: 6895: 6891: 6888: 6885: 6881: 6878: 6877: 6876: 6875: 6871: 6867: 6866: 6862: 6861: 6855: 6853: 6849: 6844: 6841: 6838: 6837: 6833: 6828: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6815: 6812: 6809: 6805: 6802: 6799: 6795: 6792: 6791: 6790: 6789: 6785: 6781: 6780: 6776: 6775: 6769: 6767: 6762: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6749: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6737: 6732: 6729: 6726: 6725: 6720: 6719:6. Chambérien 6717: 6714: 6712: 6708: 6703: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6691: 6686: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6674: 6668: 6666: 6661: 6658: 6655: 6654: 6649: 6646: 6643: 6642: 6637: 6634: 6633: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6622: 6618: 6617: 6611: 6607: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6594: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6581: 6578: 6575: 6574:, Isère north 6573: 6568: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6555: 6552: 6551: 6550: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6540: 6536: 6535: 6529: 6528: 6527:Saint-Étienne 6524: 6519: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6505: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6492: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6479: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6467: 6462: 6459: 6458: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6447: 6443: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6428:Dialect Group 6424: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6408: 6403: 6401: 6393: 6379: 6376: 6372: 6369: 6365: 6362: 6358: 6355: 6349: 6345: 6342: 6336: 6332: 6329: 6325: 6322: 6318: 6315: 6311: 6308: 6304: 6301: 6297: 6294: 6290: 6289: 6285: 6282: 6278: 6275: 6271: 6268: 6264: 6261: 6257: 6254: 6250: 6247: 6243: 6240: 6236: 6233: 6229: 6226: 6222: 6219: 6215: 6212: 6208: 6207: 6203: 6200: 6196: 6193: 6189: 6186: 6182: 6179: 6175: 6172: 6166: 6162: 6159: 6155: 6152: 6148: 6145: 6141: 6138: 6134: 6131: 6127: 6124: 6120: 6119: 6115: 6112: 6108: 6105: 6101: 6098: 6094: 6091: 6085: 6081: 6078: 6074: 6071: 6067: 6064: 6060: 6057: 6051: 6047: 6044: 6040: 6037: 6033: 6030: 6026: 6025: 6021: 6018: 6014: 6011: 6007: 6004: 5998: 5994: 5991: 5985: 5981: 5978: 5972: 5966: 5962: 5959: 5955: 5952: 5946: 5942: 5939: 5933: 5929: 5926: 5922: 5919: 5915: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5896: 5895: 5891: 5888: 5887:sa manu manca 5884: 5881: 5877: 5874: 5870: 5867: 5863: 5860: 5854: 5850: 5847: 5843: 5840: 5836: 5833: 5827: 5823: 5820: 5816: 5813: 5807: 5803: 5800: 5796: 5795: 5791: 5788: 5782: 5778: 5775: 5771: 5768: 5764: 5761: 5757: 5754: 5750: 5747: 5743: 5740: 5736: 5733: 5729: 5726: 5720: 5716: 5713: 5709: 5706: 5702: 5701: 5697: 5694: 5690: 5687: 5683: 5680: 5676: 5673: 5669: 5666: 5660: 5656: 5653: 5649: 5646: 5642: 5639: 5635: 5632: 5628: 5625: 5619: 5615: 5612: 5608: 5607: 5603: 5600: 5596: 5593: 5589: 5586: 5582: 5579: 5575: 5572: 5568: 5565: 5561: 5558: 5554: 5551: 5547: 5544: 5540: 5537: 5533: 5530: 5526: 5525: 5521: 5518: 5514: 5511: 5507: 5504: 5500: 5497: 5491: 5487: 5484: 5480: 5477: 5473: 5470: 5466: 5463: 5459: 5456: 5450: 5446: 5443: 5439: 5436: 5430: 5426: 5425: 5421: 5418: 5414: 5411: 5407: 5404: 5400: 5397: 5393: 5390: 5386: 5383: 5379: 5376: 5372: 5369: 5365: 5362: 5358: 5355: 5349: 5345: 5342: 5338: 5337: 5333: 5330: 5326: 5323: 5319: 5316: 5312: 5309: 5305: 5302: 5298: 5295: 5291: 5288: 5284: 5281: 5277: 5274: 5268: 5264: 5261: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5241: 5237: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5225: 5222: 5218: 5215: 5211: 5208: 5204: 5201: 5197: 5194: 5190: 5187: 5183: 5180: 5176: 5173: 5169: 5166: 5162: 5159: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5147: 5143: 5140: 5136: 5133: 5129: 5126: 5122: 5119: 5115: 5112: 5108: 5105: 5101: 5098: 5094: 5091: 5087: 5084: 5080: 5077: 5073: 5072: 5068: 5065: 5061: 5058: 5054: 5051: 5047: 5044: 5040: 5037: 5033: 5030: 5026: 5023: 5019: 5016: 5012: 5009: 5003: 4999: 4996: 4992: 4989: 4985: 4984: 4980: 4977: 4974: 4971: 4968: 4965: 4962: 4959: 4956: 4953: 4950: 4947: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4896: 4888: 4883: 4879: 4874: 4871: 4867:; 1,000,000) 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4829: 4823: 4822:vengt-et-yona 4817: 4811: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4743: 4742:quat / quatrè 4736: 4732: 4725: 4718: 4711: 4704: 4700: 4695: 4693: 4678: 4675: 4671: 4668: 4664: 4661: 4657: 4654: 4650: 4647: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4632: 4629: 4625: 4622: 4618: 4615:/rəpəˈbløk.ə/ 4613: 4612: 4608: 4605: 4601: 4598: 4594: 4591: 4587: 4584: 4580: 4577: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4562: 4559: 4555: 4552: 4548: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4535: 4531: 4528: 4524: 4521: 4517: 4514: 4510: 4507: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4492: 4489: 4485: 4482: 4478: 4473: 4472: 4468: 4465: 4461: 4458: 4454: 4451: 4447: 4444: 4440: 4437: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4422: 4419: 4415: 4412: 4408: 4403: 4402: 4398: 4395: 4391: 4388: 4384: 4381: 4377: 4374: 4370: 4367: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4352: 4349: 4345: 4342: 4338: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4325: 4321: 4318: 4314: 4311: 4307: 4304: 4300: 4297: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4282: 4279: 4275: 4272: 4268: 4263: 4262: 4258: 4255: 4251: 4248: 4244: 4241: 4237: 4234: 4230: 4227: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4212: 4209: 4205: 4202: 4198: 4193: 4192: 4188: 4185: 4181: 4178: 4174: 4171: 4167: 4164: 4160: 4157: 4153: 4150: 4146: 4143: 4139: 4136: 4132: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4119: 4115: 4112: 4108: 4105: 4101: 4098: 4094: 4091: 4087: 4084: 4080: 4077: 4073: 4070: 4066: 4061: 4060: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4046: 4042: 4039: 4035: 4032: 4028: 4025: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4010: 4007: 4003: 4000: 3996: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3983: 3979: 3976: 3972: 3969: 3965: 3962: 3958: 3955: 3951: 3948: 3944: 3941: 3937: 3934: 3930: 3925: 3924: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3882: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3862: 3859: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3814: 3812: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3783: 3779: 3778:Saint-Nicolas 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3739: 3738: 3728:" in French. 3726: 3720: 3715: 3713: 3707: 3705: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3687: 3680: 3675: 3673: 3667: 3665: 3659: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3604: 3600: 3594: 3589: 3583: 3578: 3568: 3561: 3556: 3550: 3545: 3537: 3531: 3527: 3521: 3513: 3505: 3497: 3489: 3483: 3478: 3468: 3465: 3461: 3455: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3434: 3430: 3427: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3410: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3307: 3304: 3300: 3298: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3275: 3272: 3268: 3265: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3241: 3238: 3234: 3231: 3227: 3224: 3220: 3218: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3196: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3182: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3172: 3167: 3163: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3149: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3132: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3119: 3116: 3112: 3109: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3093: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3066: 3064: 3060: 3057: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3037: 3035: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3006: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2990: 2986: 2983: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2962: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2938: 2935:Nasal vowels 2927: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2905: 2897: 2889: 2884: 2883: 2877: 2873: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2859: 2854: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2838: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2811: 2806: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2793: 2790: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2763: 2760: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2732: 2731: 2723: 2710: 2704: 2699: 2696: 2691: 2689: 2682: 2677: 2675: 2668: 2662: 2657: 2655: 2648: 2643: 2641: 2634: 2628: 2623: 2621: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2529: 2527: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2510: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2471: 2465: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2343: 2337: 2330: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2317: 2314: 2310: 2304: 2300: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2256: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2223: 2217: 2209: 2201: 2195: 2187: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2166: 2162: 2156: 2150: 2144: 2140:(Jean/John), 2138: 2132: 2126: 2120: 2114: 2110:(Pierrette), 2108: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2085: 2081: 2071: 2068: 2062: 2059: 2053: 2049: 2046: 2042: 2039: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2014: 2011: 2007: 2004: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1994: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1962: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1898: 1896: 1886: 1884: 1878: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1842: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1826: 1818: 1813: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1787: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1755: 1751: 1749: 1744: 1731: 1730: 1729:langues d'oïl 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1684: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1622:Franche-Comté 1619: 1615: 1614: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1529:Pont-Canavese 1526: 1523:(Novalaise), 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1505:Meana di Susa 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1483:(Groscaval), 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1435:(Cérisoles), 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1368:; in French: 1367: 1366:Valle d'Aosta 1363: 1359: 1355: 1352: 1351: 1345: 1338: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1322:Saint-Étienne 1318: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1288:ruled by the 1287: 1283: 1282: 1277: 1276: 1271: 1270: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1163: 1158: 1155: 1150: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1129: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1118:langues d'oïl 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1085: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1047: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1029:(part of the 1028: 1027:Franche-Comté 1023: 1018: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 994: 993:langues d'oïl 989: 987: 983: 979: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 923:Gallo-Romance 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 878: 876: 872: 867: 865: 861: 860:Vivaro-Alpine 857: 854: 850: 846: 845:Franc-Comtois 842: 839: 838:Oïl languages 835: 831: 821: 819: 815: 811: 810:langues d'oïl 807: 802: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 767: 765: 764:Saint-Étienne 761: 757: 753: 749: 748: 743: 739: 738: 733: 729: 725: 721: 719: 713: 712: 707: 703: 699: 695: 690: 685: 680: 678: 677: 672: 668: 663: 661: 657: 653: 652:langues d'oïl 649: 645: 640: 638: 634: 630: 626: 625:Gallo-Romance 622: 618: 614: 610: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 583: 577: 571: 563: 558: 550: 547: 544: 543: 538: 533: 529: 527: 523: 520: 517: 515: 511: 506: 499: 495: 493: 492: 487: 483: 479: 476: 471: 466: 460: 459: 455: 454: 453: 447: 446: 445: 439: 436: 435: 432: 424: 419: 416: 413: 409: 403: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 379: 377: 376: 372: 369: 368: 367: 363: 353: 350: 349: 348: 347:Proto-Romance 345: 344: 343: 340: 339: 338: 334: 328: 302: 299: 298: 297: 293: 292: 290: 289: 288: 287:Gallo-Romance 285: 284: 282: 281: 280: 277: 276: 275: 274:Italo-Western 272: 271: 270: 267: 266: 265: 262: 261: 260: 257: 256: 255: 252: 251: 250: 249:Indo-European 246: 242: 236: 230: 224: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 184:Franche-Comté 181: 177: 173: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 148: 142: 138: 136:Pronunciation 134: 131: 127: 122: 117: 114: 106: 103: 95: 85: 81: 75: 74: 69:This article 67: 58: 57: 52: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 17521: 17512: 17464: 17457: 17450: 17399: 17301: 17294: 17256:Languedocien 17248: 17241:Judeo-Gascon 17239: 17180: 17131: 17101:Barranquenho 17080: 17073: 17049: 17031: 16973: 16935: 16918: 16909:Extremaduran 16883: 16857: 16843: 16831: 16819: 16812: 16769: 16728:Asturleonese 16692: 16685: 16662: 16643:West Walloon 16631:Saintongeais 16579: 16555: 16551:Anglo-Norman 16509: 16442:Newfoundland 16402:Jersey Legal 16394: 16302: 16267:Southwestern 16250:Vallassinese 16139:Gallo-Picene 16080:Gallo-Italic 16042: 15958: 15953: 15892: 15858: 15773: 15719: 15584: 15557: 15529: 15510: 15499:Saintongeais 15476: 15464: 15452: 15418: 15383:Camfranglais 15329: 15322: 15295: 15285:Anglo-Norman 15283: 15246:Newfoundland 15231:Metropolitan 15218: 15208:Jersey Legal 15206: 15197:Houma French 15037:Saint Lucian 14992:Areal groups 14986:and dialects 14942:Italian Sign 14916:Swiss German 14905: 14796: 14773:Sinte Romani 14583:Torre Valley 14531:South Slavic 14476:Italy portal 14168:Vallassinese 14049:Gallo-Italic 14012: 13585: 13457:Guadeloupean 13399:Languedocian 13365: 13238: 13234: 13229: 13182: 13158: 13137: 13123: 13112:. Retrieved 13077: 13069: 13055: 13048: 13044: 13037: 13021: 13005: 12993: 12984: 12969: 12965: 12958: 12941: 12934: 12919: 12904: 12890: 12883: 12869: 12852: 12845: 12838: 12831: 12817: 12798: 12780: 12776: 12764: 12750: 12736: 12704: 12697: 12672: 12661:. Retrieved 12651: 12642: 12631: 12617: 12610: 12596: 12582: 12575: 12568: 12559: 12543: 12536: 12529: 12515: 12508: 12494: 12487: 12473: 12458: 12451: 12437: 12423: 12409: 12402: 12388: 12381: 12364: 12359: 12352: 12345: 12331: 12316: 12309: 12295: 12288: 12281: 12253: 12249: 12245: 12232: 12216: 12210: 12202: 12198: 12189: 12173: 12167: 12159: 12150: 12134: 12129: 12117:. Retrieved 12108: 12098: 12090: 12085: 12069: 12064: 12048: 12043: 12020: 12015:Price, 1998. 12011: 11999: 11993:Stich (1998) 11988: 11977: 11971:Viret (2021) 11966: 11960:Hauff (2016) 11955: 11929:. Retrieved 11915: 11893: 11873: 11863: 11851:, retrieved 11829: 11819: 11807:. Retrieved 11803:the original 11798: 11764: 11745: 11737: 11729: 11721: 11716: 11697: 11685:. Retrieved 11671: 11659:. Retrieved 11655:the original 11645: 11633:. Retrieved 11619: 11603: 11597: 11592: 11584: 11579: 11563: 11557: 11552: 11544: 11536: 11527: 11518: 11499: 11491: 11490:(Lausanne), 11487: 11482: 11470:the original 11456: 11449:Arpitania.eu 11448: 11436: 11430: 11421: 11412: 11403: 11394: 11378: 11373: 11369: 11364: 11352:. Retrieved 11340: 11336: 11323: 11304: 11293:, retrieved 11274: 11264: 11252:the original 11234: 11229: 11217:. Retrieved 11208: 11199: 11187:. Retrieved 11175: 11163: 11152:, retrieved 11142: 11136: 11124:. Retrieved 11109: 11084:. Retrieved 11075: 11046: 11038: 11016:Gallo-Italic 11006: 10953: 10949: 10945: 10943: 10938: 10931:Joseph Yerly 10915:Just Songeon 10897: 10881: 10868:(1909). The 10865: 10861: 10857: 10853: 10849: 10836: 10834: 10829: 10828:(1898), and 10825: 10821: 10817: 10813: 10809: 10801: 10796: 10760:Louis Bornet 10747: 10712:Henri Perrin 10673: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10606: 10601: 10596: 10591: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10537: 10515: 10501: 10494: 10487:Pope Pius IX 10462: 10451: 10427: 10420: 10414: 10400: 10393: 10387: 10358:Signy-Avenex 10278:Château-d'Œx 10231: 10164: 10156:Brot-Plamboz 10149: 10121:Collex-Bossy 10102: 10078:Pont-en-Ogoz 10039: 9953: 9826: 9707: 9600: 9544:Les Bouchoux 9532:Fontainebrux 9509: 9497:Villemoirieu 9477:Vaulx-Milieu 9357:Montseveroux 9273:Creys-Mépieu 9198: 9146:Saint-Jorioz 9021:Haute-Savoie 9019: 8964: 8948:Saraz, Doubs 8940:Montécheroux 8865: 8770: 8690:Sault-Brénaz 8403: 8392:Sauze d'Oulx 8381: 8360:Aosta Valley 8358: 8334:Aosta Valley 8309: 8307: 8295: 8294: 8267:family names 8264: 8194: 8136: 8071: 8018: 7965: 7955:Il pleuvine. 7939:O brolyasse. 7907: 7897:Elle chante. 7869: 7831: 7793: 7755: 7745:Les horloges 7718:Lei relòtges 7717: 7679: 7641: 7603: 7559: 7521: 7470: 7466: 7422: 7378: 7340: 7302: 7264: 7234: 7202: 7197: 7196: 7168: 7164: 7154: 7149: 7148: 7136: 7132: 7123: 7119: 7109: 7105: 7099: 7095: 7086: 7082: 7074: 7070: 7063:Valgrisenche 7061: 7057: 7048: 7044: 7035: 7031: 7025:Cogne valley 7022: 7018: 7012: 7008: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6993: 6987: 6983: 6974: 6970: 6961:upper valley 6957: 6953: 6943: 6940:Aosta Valley 6931: 6930: 6920: 6916: 6905:Château-d'Œx 6903: 6899: 6893: 6889: 6883: 6879: 6869: 6864: 6863: 6846: 6843:5. Valserine 6842: 6830: 6826: 6817: 6813: 6807: 6803: 6797: 6793: 6783: 6778: 6777: 6764: 6760: 6751: 6747: 6734: 6731:7. Annecien 6730: 6722: 6718: 6705: 6701: 6688: 6684: 6670: 6663: 6660:3. Matchutin 6659: 6651: 6647: 6639: 6636:1. Bessanèis 6635: 6625: 6620: 6619: 6609: 6605: 6596: 6593:4. Chambaran 6592: 6583: 6579: 6570: 6566: 6557: 6553: 6543: 6538: 6537: 6521: 6517: 6507: 6503: 6494: 6491:3. Mâconnais 6490: 6481: 6477: 6464: 6460: 6450: 6445: 6444: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6426: 6425: 6410: 6406: 6404: 6397: 4969:Piedmontese 4939: 4935: 4931: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4882:quatro-vingt 4881: 4875: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4741: 4734: 4730: 4723: 4716: 4709: 4702: 4698: 4696: 4689: 4636: 4566: 4496: 4426: 4356: 4286: 4216: 4014: 3961:quand, quora 3857: 3851: 3847: 3846:is given as 3843: 3839: 3835: 3827: 3818: 3816: 3810: 3808: 3792: 3788: 3774:René Willien 3773: 3769: 3761: 3755:Aosta Valley 3736: 3709: 3701: 3683: 3669: 3661: 3656:followed by 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3529: 3525: 3463: 3459: 2721: 2685: 2671: 2651: 2637: 2617: 2615: 2531: 2523: 2490: 2476: 2427: 2384: 2333: 2320: 2319: 2315: 2266: 2247:Piedmontese 2227: 2179: 2134:(François), 2084:conversation 2031: 1996: 1953: 1942: 1930: 1894: 1892: 1882: 1879: 1875: 1843: 1838:Aosta Valley 1822: 1816: 1790: 1781:Swiss French 1766: 1764: 1756: 1752: 1743:Aosta Valley 1740: 1727: 1715: 1638:Haute-Savoie 1626:départements 1576: 1535:(Ribardon), 1479:(Gravière), 1471:(Jaillons), 1463:(Frasinei), 1437:Chialamberto 1419:(Cantoire), 1405:Ala di Stura 1369: 1365: 1361: 1354:Aosta Valley 1343: 1325: 1311: 1306:in France's 1302: 1301: 1298:Haute-Savoie 1280: 1279: 1274: 1273: 1272:(patois) or 1268: 1267: 1265: 1248: 1245:Aosta Valley 1235: 1233: 1213:Oïl language 1209:"burgondien" 1208: 1204: 1202: 1197: 1185: 1183: 1174: 1170: 1168: 1153: 1151: 1146: 1142: 1141: 1137: 1132: 1128:langues d'oc 1127: 1122: 1116: 1098: 1083: 1080: 1057:) is due to 1054: 1050: 1048: 1024: 1020: 1015: 1005: 1001: 997: 990: 935:Aosta Valley 920: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 871:philological 868: 853:Gallo-Italic 827: 814:langues d'oc 803: 775:Aosta Valley 768: 759: 755: 751: 746: 745: 741: 735: 715: 710: 709: 683: 681: 674: 664: 656:langues d'oc 641: 620: 616: 612: 608: 607: 579: 526:Linguasphere 489: 456: 452:Switzerland 451: 443: 373: 342:Vulgar Latin 300: 172:Aosta Valley 129: 113: 98: 89: 70: 40:Swiss French 17477:Campidanese 17303:Old Catalan 17296:Old Occitan 17033:Old Spanish 16967:Rioplatense 16771:Old Leonese 16599:Cotentinais 16563:Guernésiais 16486:Frenchville 16479:New England 16358:Bourbonnais 16310:Piedmontese 16304:Old Lombard 16196:Bergamasque 16120:Sammarinese 15591:or dialects 15478:Petit nègre 15368:Bourbonnais 15313:Guernésiais 15308:Cotentinais 15187:Frenchville 15149:New England 15080:Seychellois 14937:French Sign 14781:Wenzhounese 14606:Montenegrin 14553:Gail Valley 14354:Piedmontese 14258:Bergamasque 13904:Campidanese 13745:Beneventano 13712:Marchigiano 13644:Wenzhounese 13467:Martiniquan 13189:Google Maps 13047:. (Vol. 1: 12968:. (Vol. 1: 12376:(in French) 12252:, from the 12250:"The Noose" 12119:17 November 11295:16 November 11219:28 February 11154:8 September 11126:11 November 10907:folk singer 10864:(1908) and 10852:(1856) and 10804:as well as 10716:Jean Millet 10436: 1240 10262:Champtauroz 10046:Chésopelloz 10034:Switzerland 9389:Proveysieux 9257:Chassignieu 8813:Lavilledieu 8738:Versailleux 8486:Courmangoux 8369:Champdepraz 8247:Causez vous 8217:Parlez-vous 8015:It is 6:30. 7914:O pluvègne. 7876:Ele chante. 7724:Los relojos 7522:Se vos plai 7299:Good night! 7222:Val Sangone 7216:— from the 7133:14. Fénisan 7125:Champorcher 7114:Piedmontese 7071:9. Rhêmiard 7051:Ayas valley 6959:Dora Baltea 6917:4. Valaisan 6911:, Vaud east 6870:Switzerland 6653:Lanslebourg 6559:Rhône River 6478:2. Bugésien 6470:département 5410:terça-feira 5341:dies Martis 4975:Portuguese 4885:/katroˈvɛ̃/ 4710:yona / yena 4628:repebleucca 4621:repeublecca 4469:wellspring 4405:/fɔ̃ˈtɑ̃.ɑ/ 3832:diaphonemic 3733:Orthography 3385:Approximant 2604:conditional 2600:subjunctive 2580:conjugation 2530:" (and/or " 2146:(Auguste), 2080:given names 1834:Quebec City 1681:Switzerland 1618:Rhône-Alpes 1563:(Valjoie), 1547:(Esparon), 1543:(Rubiane), 1515:(Moutier), 1481:Groscavallo 1461:Frassinetto 1455:(Condoue), 1451:(Couasse), 1443:(Chanoux), 1071:orthography 1004:"to give", 967:Burgundians 925:variety of 882:phylosector 862:dialect of 832:dialect of 730:), and its 633:Switzerland 594:instead of 331:Early forms 17548:Categories 17524:indicates 17482:Logudorese 17015:Philippine 16981:Andalusian 16975:Peninsular 16865:Estremenho 16821:Portuguese 16748:Cantabrian 16581:Law French 16573:Sercquiais 16407:Meridional 16368:Champenois 16363:Burgundian 16174:Tabarchino 16164:Monégasque 16103:Parmigiano 15960:Neapolitan 15933:Manduriano 15900:Florentine 15767:Wallachian 15737:Bukovinian 15466:Old French 15388:Champenois 15373:Burgundian 15337:Sercquiais 15331:Old Norman 15324:Law French 15266:Vietnamese 15226:Meridional 15060:Chagossian 14299:Parmigiano 14091:Tabarchino 14081:Monégasque 13909:Logudorese 13828:Manduriano 13691:Florentine 13528:See also: 12255:Lucky Luke 12109:Soundcloud 12004:Stich 2001 11541:Waldensian 11076:Ethnologue 11048:Ethnologue 10960:Lucky Luke 10885:folk tales 10798:Amélie Gex 10778:Amélie Gex 10704:playwright 10692:theatrical 10680:moralistic 10520:l'Escalade 10456:miraculous 10444:Carthusian 10376:Literature 10366:Tolochenaz 10350:Saint-Prex 10326:Penthéréaz 10062:La Folliaz 10058:La Brillaz 9949:Vénissieux 9770:La Giettaz 9742:Chindrieux 9722:Avressieux 9695:Soleymieux 9592:Villevieux 9489:Veyssilieu 9349:Montagnieu 9249:Charancieu 9245:Chamagnieu 9138:Peillonnex 9094:La Forclaz 9054:Charvonnex 8991:Montaulieu 8979:Génissieux 8936:Montmahoux 8920:Le Barboux 8857:Talencieux 8718:Thézillieu 8694:Seillonnaz 8646:Prémillieu 8582:Montagnieu 8546:Malafretaz 8526:Lescheroux 8422:Belleydoux 8281:paroxytone 8271:placenames 7800:Les rouses 7714:The clocks 7680:Lo relòtge 7556:Thank you! 7045:7. Ayassin 7019:5. Cognein 7006:Valpelline 6971:2. Aostois 6819:Pontarlier 6677:Arc valley 6648:2. Langrin 6610:Isère east 6567:2. Crémieu 6461:1. Bressan 5611:hospitalis 5246:formaticus 4978:Sardinian 4938:" before " 4914:" became " 4902:" became " 4845:souessanta 4667:république 4660:repubblica 4545:/siˈlɑ̃sə/ 3909:Provençal 3764:(BREL) in 3014:Consonants 2612:participle 2608:infinitive 2596:imperative 2592:indicative 2564:Adjectives 2504:the viper 2342:le travail 2336:la besogne 2321:lo trabalh 2309:la besogne 2113:la Mauriza 2107:la Peronne 1979:Articles: 1972:mass nouns 1950:Morphology 1706:(Wallis), 1571:(Vénaux), 1567:(Valpré), 1525:Pessinetto 1511:(Mesnil), 1465:Germagnano 1423:(Carême), 1390:Lys valley 1362:Val d'Outa 1275:nosta moda 1241:Harpitanya 1217:Burgundian 1205:Burgundian 1125:) and the 947:Allobroges 884:→ Romanic 856:Piemontese 841:Morvandiau 676:Ethnologue 631:, western 370:Dauphinois 204:Beaujolais 84:footnoting 17532:varieties 17515:indicate 17472:Sardinian 17429:Triestine 17377:Sursilvan 17288:Mentonasc 17266:Provençal 17215:Auvergnat 17201:Valencian 17157:Mallorcan 17147:Algherese 17122:Occitano- 17069:Navarrese 17057:Aragonese 16993:Castilian 16896:Castilian 16872:Uruguayan 16845:Brazilian 16808:Minderico 16802:/Eonavian 16765:Mirandese 16679:Valdôtain 16665:/Arpitan 16606:Orléanais 16557:Auregnais 16541:Mayennais 16491:Louisiana 16373:Ardennais 16353:Berrichon 16159:Intemelio 16115:Forlivese 16098:Bolognese 16044:Dalmatian 16008:Tarantino 15971:Benevento 15928:Salentino 15888:Sassarese 15852:Gallurese 15835:Romanesco 15788:Dalmatian 15752:Moldavian 15747:Maramureș 15705:Aromanian 15602:varieties 15587:indicate 15569:Valdôtain 15560:/Arpitan 15531:Zarphatic 15472:Orléanais 15358:Berrichon 15297:Auregnais 15172:Cambodian 15154:Québécois 15075:Rodriguan 15065:Mauritian 15032:Grenadian 15027:Dominican 14540:Slovenian 14390:Triestine 14327:languages 14313:Forlivese 14292:Bolognese 14138:Legnanese 14076:Intemelio 14021:Valdôtain 13964:Mentonasc 13940:Algherese 13896:Sardinian 13887:Sardinian 13873:Sassarese 13868:Gallurese 13856:languages 13822:Salentino 13794:Tarantino 13765:Cosentino 13722:Romanesco 13636:Sardinian 13518:Guillemet 13497:Wallisian 13411:Provençal 13407:Auvergnat 13208:phonology 13145:. ("FEW") 12681:0184-7783 12639:Seudónimo 11941:cite book 11890:1613-3668 11604:Legge 482 11492:24 heures 11488:Quotidien 11111:Glottolog 11086:10 August 11072:"Arpitan" 11030:Citations 10720:pastorals 10676:satirical 10512:Catholics 10508:Calvinist 10452:Speculum 10318:Penthalaz 10310:Palézieux 10290:La Sarraz 10215:Veysonnaz 10191:Massongex 10151:Neuchâtel 10109:Bardonnex 10066:La Sonnaz 10054:Ferpicloz 9988:Pouilloux 9913:Quincieux 9837:Ambérieux 9822:Villaroux 9818:Verthemex 9762:Frontenex 9655:Mizérieux 9619:Champdieu 9611:Aveizieux 9588:Vertamboz 9528:Courlaoux 9469:Varacieux 9457:Soleymieu 9445:Sermérieu 9397:Romagnieu 9377:Parmilieu 9369:Ornacieux 9265:Cheyssieu 9237:Bressieux 9170:Versonnex 9154:Seythenex 9106:Marcellaz 9102:La Vernaz 9086:La Clusaz 9082:Excenevex 9062:Chessenaz 9058:Chavannaz 9011:Solérieux 8999:Roussieux 8924:Le Bélieu 8853:Satillieu 8825:Roiffieux 8805:Davézieux 8766:Échenevex 8742:Versonnex 8726:Toussieux 8714:Talissieu 8586:Monthieux 8578:Misérieux 8570:Meximieux 8554:Marignieu 8518:Jujurieux 8474:Contrevoz 8442:Ceyzérieu 8418:Arbignieu 8326:Valdôtain 7930:Il pleut. 7859:Il mange. 7838:Il menge. 7821:Les roses 7794:Lei ròsas 7790:The roses 7707:L'horloge 7686:Lo relojo 7676:The clock 7669:Une femme 7504:Peut-être 7218:Val Soana 7183:Brantford 7015:valleys), 7002:bionassin 6998:bossolein 6978:valdôtain 6933:Valdôtain 6900:3. Enhaut 6884:Vaud west 6827:4. Ain-N. 6675:country, 6673:Maurienne 6621:Savoyard: 6446:Lyonnais: 5911:ne gentem 5859:schnester 5853:saniester 5846:izquierda 5792:language 5698:hospital 5455:basilique 5315:formaggio 5118:c(h)antar 4928:palatized 4878:vigesimal 4841:cinquanta 4828:vengt-dos 4816:vengt-yon 4679:republic 4674:república 4653:republica 4646:rèpublica 4399:daughter 4195:/ˈtʃøvrɑ/ 4057:a little 3921:Standard 3918:Standard 3915:Standard 3912:Standard 3751:Valdôtain 3612:syllables 3223:voiceless 3217:Fricative 3152:voiceless 3146:Affricate 3069:voiceless 2783:Close-mid 2718:Phonology 2498:la vipera 2484:la vipère 2477:la vipèra 2470:lo vipèro 2467:(masc.), 2464:lo crotâl 2371:the work 2365:il lavoro 2357:ël travaj 2351:(masc.) 2348:le labeur 2345:(masc.), 2296:the salt 2172:inflected 2158:(Louis), 2101:la Jeânna 2098:(Marie), 1910:, as are 1867:Brantford 1825:Valdôtain 1788:dialect. 1712:Neuchâtel 1559:(Ussel), 1533:Ribordone 1509:Mezzenile 1469:Giaglione 1459:(Corio), 1441:Chianocco 1261:ISO 639-3 1229:Bourgogne 1215:known as 1207:(French: 1184:The name 1133:Provençal 1067:Provençal 1049:The name 978:substrate 959:Ceutrones 886:phylozone 830:Provençal 766:, etc.). 737:Arpitania 491:Glottolog 475:ISO 639-3 458:see below 394:Valdôtain 380:Jurassien 337:Old Latin 92:July 2024 51:Provençal 17408:Venetian 17382:Vallader 17372:Surmiran 17345:Cadorino 17328:Friulian 17261:Limousin 17230:Béarnese 17192:Western 17174:Northern 17162:Menorcan 17152:Balearic 17143:Eastern 17139:dialects 16998:Castrapo 16955:Peruvian 16926:dialects 16859:European 16827:dialects 16814:Portugis 16795:Galician 16736:Asturian 16674:Savoyard 16626:Poitevin 16594:Cauchois 16568:Jèrriais 16415:Canadian 16294:Varesino 16289:Ticinese 16277:Novarese 16272:Cremunés 16262:Ossolano 16257:Milanese 16245:Lecchese 16213:Brianzöö 16144:Ligurian 16110:Romagnol 15991:Arianese 15986:Irpinian 15981:Cilentan 15945:Pantesco 15940:Sicilian 15911:Southern 15847:Corsican 15823:Macerata 15818:Fabriano 15757:Oltenian 15727:dialects 15687:Southern 15564:Savoyard 15494:Poitevin 15403:Guianese 15318:Jèrriais 15303:Cauchois 15256:Standard 15236:Missouri 15177:Francien 15127:Kinshasa 14900:Ticinese 14683:Cimbrian 14675:Bavarian 14601:Croatian 14508:Arbëresh 14491:Albanian 14432:Cadorino 14421:Friulian 14377:Venetian 14368:Venetian 14307:Romagnol 14235:Cremunés 14228:Novarese 14207:Varesino 14198:Ossolano 14191:Ticinese 14184:Milanese 14175:Lecchese 14058:Ligurian 13863:Corsican 13842:Pantesco 13836:Sicilian 13776:Arianese 13770:Irpinian 13760:Cilentan 13717:Marinese 13616:Germanic 13612:Friulian 13600:Croatian 13592:Albanian 13511:See also 13492:Tahitian 13487:Shimaore 13447:Guianese 13403:Limousin 13362:dialect) 13354:Corsican 13350:dialect) 13105:Archived 12860:Archived 12722:Archived 12688:Archived 12657:Archived 12369:Archived 12166:", from 12113:Archived 12074:Archived 12032:Archived 11772:Archived 11753:Archived 11705:Archived 11687:30 April 11681:Archived 11661:30 April 11635:30 April 11629:Archived 11608:Archived 11568:Archived 11507:Archived 11441:Archived 11383:Archived 11345:Archived 11312:Archived 11289:archived 11213:Archived 11180:Archived 11148:archived 11120:Archived 11080:Archived 10992:Vergonha 10966:See also 10935:Gruyères 10889:proverbs 10873:Archived 10860:(1893), 10848:(1855), 10528:Genevois 10506:between 10440:prioress 10438:–1310), 10362:Suscévaz 10282:Chéserex 10274:Chevroux 10223:Vérossaz 10207:Vernayaz 10183:Evionnaz 10125:Laconnex 10041:Fribourg 9960:Chalmoux 9937:Toussieu 9889:Jarnioux 9865:Courzieu 9861:Condrieu 9849:Chassieu 9841:Brussieu 9798:Ruffieux 9782:Marcieux 9778:Loisieux 9766:Jongieux 9746:Cohennoz 9730:Barberaz 9718:Allondaz 9675:Précieux 9667:Nollieux 9663:Nervieux 9639:Jonzieux 9631:Doizieux 9572:Ponthoux 9556:Molamboz 9505:Vénérieu 9485:Vertrieu 9473:Vatilieu 9393:Quincieu 9321:Lieudieu 9301:Heyrieux 9293:Fitilieu 9289:Dolomieu 9281:Dizimieu 9261:Chavanoz 9213:Beaulieu 9158:Seytroux 9098:La Muraz 9078:Copponex 9074:Combloux 9066:Chevenoz 9038:Aviernoz 8995:Montjoux 8975:Clérieux 8944:Reculfoz 8888:Dampjoux 8876:Champoux 8872:Bolandoz 8861:Vinzieux 8781:Beaulieu 8654:Reyrieux 8638:Pirajoux 8622:Parcieux 8606:Ordonnaz 8562:Massieux 8558:Marlieux 8534:Lompnieu 8470:Colomieu 8466:Cleyzieu 8462:Civrieux 8458:Chevroux 8383:Piedmont 8346:Savoyard 8261:Toponyms 7762:La rousa 7752:The rose 7631:Un homme 7510:P't-être 7483:Pôt-étre 7379:Òc, vòai 7337:Goodbye! 7241:English 6965:savoyard 6865:Vaudois: 6766:Chablais 6753:Faucigny 6724:Chambéry 6709:valley, 6665:Valloire 6387:Dialects 6022:nothing 5880:esquerda 5873:sinistra 5839:esquerra 5832:senèstra 5826:esquèrra 5812:mâladrêt 5799:sinister 5693:ospidali 5686:hospital 5679:ospedale 5652:hospital 5645:hospital 5604:brother 5585:fratello 5483:baselgia 5469:església 5435:basilica 5429:ecclesia 5422:Tuesday 5389:mardi(s) 5301:caschiel 5287:formatge 5280:formatge 4981:English 4972:Italian 4966:Romansh 4963:Spanish 4960:Catalan 4957:Occitan 4918:", and " 4863:; 1000) 4853:huétanta 4849:sèptanta 4837:quaranta 4831:... 30) 4801:dix-huét 4797:dix-sèpt 4785:quatôrze 4686:Numerals 4609:silence 4604:silencio 4590:silenzio 4475:/ˈlɑ̃.ɑ/ 4457:fontaine 4418:fontan-a 4208:tcheuvra 3993:/ˈtʃikɑ/ 3900:Conflans 3879:English 3876:Spanish 3870:Italian 3867:Occitan 3768:and the 3722:" and " 3041:alveolar 3034:Alveolar 2831:Open-mid 2712:(to be). 2491:la vipra 2457:the oil 2408:l'unghia 2339:(fem.), 2332:(fem.), 2323:(masc.) 2318:(fem.), 2306:(fem.), 2253:English 2250:Italian 2164:(Émile). 2125:la Génie 2119:la Daude 2089:la Foëse 1997:Singular 1964:Articles 1927:sentence 1851:Cigliàje 1708:Fribourg 1688:Romandie 1575:(Vieu). 1561:Valgioie 1557:Usseglio 1551:(Suse), 1539:(Ronc), 1521:Novalesa 1507:(Méan), 1491:(Lans), 1417:Cantoira 1401:Piedmont 1253:Lausanne 1221:Burgundy 1190:Fribourg 1113:dialects 1109:phonetic 1105:linguist 982:toponyms 955:Helvetii 939:Piedmont 906:51-AAA-j 812:and the 756:Lyonnais 752:Savoyard 728:arpitano 654:and the 644:dialects 600:Help:IPA 530:51-AAA-j 505:fran1260 498:fran1269 389:Savoyard 384:Forezien 365:Dialects 294:Arpitan– 220:Romandie 212:Lyonnais 208:Dauphiné 176:Piedmont 80:citation 17513:Italics 17414:Chipilo 17357:Romansh 17320:Romance 17318:Rhaeto- 17283:Gardiol 17235:Landese 17225:Aranese 17210:Occitan 17169:Central 17133:Catalan 17124:Romance 17025:Creoles 17020:Saharan 17008:Murcian 16986:Llanito 16943:Chilean 16920:Spanish 16877:Creoles 16851:Mineiro 16833:African 16758:Riberan 16753:Leonese 16718:Iberian 16711:Romance 16638:Walloon 16611:Paydret 16589:Augeron 16529:Vosgien 16524:Gaumais 16519:Lorrain 16511:Creoles 16474:Muskrat 16420:Acadian 16348:Angevin 16338:Langues 16329:Romance 16235:Comasco 16208:Western 16201:Cremish 16191:Eastern 16186:Lombard 16154:Genoese 16149:Brigasc 16093:Emilian 16071:Western 16050:Istriot 16013:Vastese 15998:Molisan 15860:Italian 15796:Central 15742:Crișana 15697:Eastern 15680:Western 15665:Eastern 15585:Italics 15518:Walloon 15512:Tây Bồi 15426:Lorrain 15353:Angevin 15291:Augeron 15241:Muskrat 15214:Laotian 15192:Haitian 15139:Belgian 15122:Abidjan 15116:African 15099:Acadian 15070:Réunion 15055:Agalega 14896:Lombard 14880:Romansh 14875:Italian 14728:Yiddish 14688:Mòcheno 14563:Istrian 14286:Emilian 14265:Cremish 14244:Spasell 14154:Comasco 14101:Lombard 14071:Genoese 14066:Brigasc 14032:Cellese 13950:Occitan 13932:Catalan 13799:Vastese 13784:Molisan 13700:Central 13665:Italian 13640:Slovene 13628:Occitan 13596:Catalan 13502:Xaracuu 13482:Réunion 13472:Nengone 13462:Kibushi 13452:Futunan 13391:Occitan 13358:Dutch ( 13344:Catalan 13114:3 April 12663:3 April 12209:, from 12027:, See: 11931:26 July 11853:26 July 11809:26 July 11354:4 March 11241:", see 11189:1 March 10893:legends 10818:Poesies 10498: » 10479:Passion 10459:visions 10448:Mionnay 10354:Saubraz 10330:Puidoux 10322:Penthaz 10266:Chanéaz 10219:Vionnaz 10179:Dorénaz 10145:Troinex 10117:Choulex 10090:Vaulruz 9984:Pontoux 9901:Meyzieu 9897:Lissieu 9726:Avrieux 9651:Marcoux 9580:Saffloz 9576:Recanoz 9560:Moutoux 9516:Bonlieu 9493:Vignieu 9481:Vernioz 9461:Succieu 9441:Sardieu 9365:Optevoz 9329:Massieu 9325:Marcieu 9317:Leyrieu 9305:Jarcieu 9297:Granieu 9277:Crémieu 9269:Chélieu 9241:Cessieu 9225:Bossieu 9205:Apprieu 9142:Reyvroz 9114:Marlioz 8960:Éternoz 8880:Chevroz 8817:Le Roux 8772:Ardèche 8734:Vernoux 8730:Trévoux 8722:Torcieu 8710:Sutrieu 8706:Surjoux 8698:Songieu 8662:Ruffieu 8642:Pollieu 8630:Peyrieu 8618:Oyonnax 8614:Outriaz 8594:Niévroz 8530:Lochieu 8522:Lagnieu 8506:Hostiaz 8498:Flaxieu 8478:Conzieu 8446:Challex 8430:Birieux 8285:oxytone 7783:La rose 7756:La ròsa 7648:Na fèna 7638:A woman 7610:Un homo 7256:French 7187:Ontario 6702:5. Arly 6641:Bessans 6585:Bourbre 6572:Crémieu 6498:country 6468:, Ain ( 6400:dialect 5753:lieunga 5739:llengua 5725:langage 5712:lengoua 5672:ospidal 5665:ospidal 5638:espital 5631:hôpital 5624:hopetâl 5618:hèpetâl 5564:hermano 5529:fratrem 5522:church 5476:iglesia 5442:égllése 5403:martedì 5375:dimarts 5334:cheese 5308:formagg 5273:fromage 5260:fromâjo 5165:chiévra 5132:cantare 5090:chanter 5083:chantar 5076:cantare 4954:French 4934:" and " 4922:" and " 4910:" and " 4859:; 100) 4857:nonanta 4805:dix-nou 4738:(masc.) 4720:(masc.) 4706:(masc.) 4692:decimal 4597:silence 4583:silenci 4576:silence 4558:silanse 4551:silence 4450:fontana 4436:fontana 4411:fontana 4348:feuille 4335:/ˈføʎə/ 4317:feuille 4265:/ˈfɔʎə/ 4226:chiévra 4201:tseuvra 4129:/dʒuˈɑ/ 4052:un poco 4031:un pauc 3873:French 3772:« 3679:chantar 3668:" and " 3642:", but 3615:French. 3358:Lateral 3046:Palatal 2741:Central 2647:mengier 2633:chantar 2570:Adverbs 2473:(masc.) 2454:(masc.) 2446:(masc.) 2435:l'huile 2430:(masc.) 2424:(masc.) 2400:l'ongia 2395:(masc.) 2392:l'ongle 2385:l'ongla 2378:l'ongla 2368:(masc.) 2360:(masc.) 2329:l'œuvre 2293:(masc.) 2290:il sale 2277:(masc.) 2244:French 2131:Fanfoué 2082:during 1956:grammar 1937:(SOV). 1916:Italian 1912:Occitan 1871:Ontario 1786:Evolène 1777:cantons 1768:Romansh 1692:cantons 1662:Ardèche 1650:occitan 1581:Occitan 1545:Sparone 1541:Rubiana 1477:Gravere 1473:Giaveno 1453:Condove 1409:Alpette 1399:in the 1317:gagasse 1269:patouès 1236:Arpitan 1198:Rommant 1152:I call 1131:group ( 1084:patouès 1017:French. 1000:"rag", 980:in the 963:Salassi 951:Sequani 917:History 864:Occitan 849:Romansh 834:Occitan 779:Evolène 724:Italian 718:arpetan 711:Arpitan 702:Italian 648:Romance 621:Arpitan 596:Unicode 434:France 398:Vaudois 269:Romance 124:Arpitan 36:Romandy 32:Romands 18:Arpitan 17444:Others 17424:Talian 17419:Fiuman 17393:Others 17333:Fornes 17271:Niçard 17220:Gascon 17188:Patuet 17094:Others 17003:Castúo 16709:Ibero- 16669:Faetar 16616:Picard 16546:Norman 16534:Welche 16457:Magoua 16447:Quebec 16437:Brayon 16396:French 16378:Rémois 16327:Gallo- 16282:Pavese 16240:Laghée 16218:Canzés 16169:Royasc 16031:Others 15966:Barese 15894:Tuscan 15840:Sabino 15813:Ancona 15786:Italo- 15552:Faetar 15484:Picard 15460:Nouchi 15448:Michif 15431:Welche 15346:Others 15276:Norman 15202:Indian 15165:Magoua 15134:Aostan 15090:French 14906:Romand 14870:German 14865:French 14767:Romani 14748:Hebrew 14741:Others 14723:Walser 14666:German 14578:Resian 14439:Fornes 14385:Fiuman 14221:Pavese 14161:Laghée 14122:Canzés 14086:Royasc 14026:Faetar 14003:Aostan 13995:French 13972:Niçard 13750:Barese 13727:Sabino 13683:Tuscan 13632:Romani 13604:French 13421:Picard 13395:Gascon 13386:Norman 13339:Breton 13325:Basque 13297:French 13222:Valais 13130: 13084: 13062: 13028: 13012: 12976: 12948: 12926: 12911: 12897: 12891:Faetar 12876: 12824: 12805: 12757: 12743: 12711: 12679: 12624: 12603: 12589: 12550: 12522: 12501: 12480: 12465: 12444: 12430: 12416: 12395: 12338: 12323: 12302: 12262: 12242:Morris 12223: 12180: 12141: 12055: 11922: 11888: 11844: 11343:: 71. 11281: 10929:; and 10919:Annecy 10911:Roanne 10891:, and 10826:Fables 10806:French 10802:patois 10738:; and 10728:carols 10708:Bresse 10700:author 10690:, and 10684:poetic 10504:Geneva 10475:mystic 10370:Trélex 10368:, and 10342:Ropraz 10334:Rennaz 10314:Paudex 10302:Mutrux 10294:Mauraz 10286:Founex 10227:Vétroz 10225:, and 10203:Nendaz 10166:Valais 10143:, and 10141:Thônex 10113:Bernex 10104:Geneva 10096:, and 10074:Noréaz 10070:Neyruz 10050:Crésuz 10026:, and 10024:Verjux 9947:, and 9905:Ouroux 9833:Affoux 9820:, and 9814:Sonnaz 9750:Conjux 9738:Chanaz 9709:Savoie 9701:, and 9699:Unieux 9659:Nandax 9647:Lavieu 9627:Cuzieu 9596:Vulvoz 9594:, and 9584:Vannoz 9568:Pagnoz 9548:Marnoz 9540:Lajoux 9536:Fraroz 9503:, and 9501:Virieu 9453:Siévoz 9381:Pisieu 9285:Diémoz 9221:Bilieu 9209:Assieu 9192:, and 9174:Villaz 9150:Servoz 9118:Marnaz 9070:Chênex 9046:Cernex 9042:Bernex 9013:, and 8983:Marsaz 8958:, and 8859:, and 8764:, and 8650:Pugieu 8626:Perrex 8602:Oncieu 8574:Mijoux 8550:Marboz 8494:Cuzieu 8482:Cormoz 8438:Brénaz 8398:France 8390:, and 8377:Perloz 8375:, and 8373:Morgex 8365:Bionaz 8330:Introd 8322:French 7870:Canta. 7832:Manja. 7604:Un òme 7518:Please 7477:T-èpêr 7471:Bensai 7467:Benlèu 7261:Hello! 7172:& 7127:valley 7090:valley 7065:valley 7049:upper 7039:valley 7023:upper 7013:Bionaz 6976:Aostan 6736:Annecy 6694:Tignes 6626:France 6598:Roybon 6544:France 6523:Roanne 6510:Dombes 6466:Bresse 6451:France 6419:Faetar 6286:sweat 6267:sudore 6185:pagare 6123:pacare 6116:night 6077:not(g) 6029:noctem 5997:niente 5990:gnente 5977:nöglia 5866:gàucia 5819:gauche 5781:lingua 5774:língua 5767:lingua 5746:lengua 5719:langue 5705:lingua 5659:spital 5550:fraire 5517:cresia 5510:igreja 5503:chiesa 5462:glèisa 5449:église 5417:martis 5396:màrtes 5382:martes 5368:dimars 5348:demârs 5322:queijo 5240:caseus 5200:chavra 5172:chèvre 5146:cantai 5139:cantar 5111:cantar 5104:cantar 5097:cantar 5050:chiave 4988:clavis 4948:Latin 4855:; 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