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Help:Footnotes

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Schudson said the Constitution shaped citizenship in fundamental ways. But elections in early American politics did not generate much interest while "open discussion of differences" was generally avoided. Citizenship later shifted to a polity of essentially "self-absorbed citizens", according to his
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The actual name used can be almost anything, but it is recommended that it have a connection to the citation or note. A common practice is to use the author-year or publisher-year for the reference name. This helps editors remember the name, by associating it with the information that is visible to
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Suppose you would like to cite one book, but different facts appear on different pages. You would like to cite the book again and again, but point each fact to the proper page. Suppose one fact is on page 8, a different fact on page 12, a third fact on page 18, a fourth fact on page 241. You could
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Some or all of the footnotes can also be defined within the reference section/list, and invoked in the page content. This keeps those citations in one central location for easier maintenance and avoids cluttering the text. This is purely a source code changeĀ ā€“ the actual display of the citation in
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is displayed in the article's content as a bracketed, superscripted number, letter, or word. Examples shown respectively are: . This footnote label is linked to the full footnote. Clicking on the footnote marker jumps the page down to the footnote and highlights the citation. If you are using the
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You can use the citation toolbar to name references. When you first create a reference, you can enter a value in the "Ref name" box. When you want to reuse this reference, click the "Named references" button on the citation toolbar and choose which reference you would like to insert.
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wherever the list is desired. Once the page is published and viewed, the footnotes will be automatically generated and numbered and the reference list will be generated. The main reference list is placed in a separate section, usually titled "References", "Notes" or the like.
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Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.{{efn|name=fn1}} Consectetur adipisicing elit.{{efn|name=fn2}} Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{efn|name=fn1}} {{notelist|refs= {{efn|name=fn1|Very long footnote 1}} {{efn|name=fn2|Very long footnote 2}} }}
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Compared to the reference lists on properly formatted pages, an AGRL can be confusing to both readers and editors. But it is easily corrected by adding reference list markup such as the following. Add it at the position where the reference list would normally appear.
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in favor of the option described above, which is better suited to flexible formatting for a variety of display screen sizes, ranging from mobile phones and tablets to wide-screen "cinema" displays. Forcing a fixed number of columns has been disabled in mobile view.
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Sometimes it is useful to group the footnotes into separate lists, for example to separate explanatory notes from references, or to list references for tables, image captions, infoboxes and navboxes. The sequence of footnote labels is independent in each group.
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put a line in the "pages" parameter saying "see pages 8, 12, 18, 241" but a fact-checker might have to check all of them before figuring out the right one. Or, you could duplicate the entire citation for the book in each instance, but that would be redundant.
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The number of columns will automatically be adjusted to the width of the display. It should be used only when necessary, as both the tag and the template have built-in auto-formatting capabilities providing a useful default display in most scenarios.
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tags but no reference list markup used to display an error, except on talk and user pages. In recent versions of Knowledge, the error no longer appears; instead an automatically generated reference list (AGRL) is displayed at the bottom of the page.
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section for Knowledge articles. In this context, the word "Footnotes" refers to the Knowledge-specific manner of documenting an article's sources and providing tangential information, and should not be confused with the general concept of
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Note that the Visual Editor is unable to create or edit list-defined references, and cannot show the reference text in preview or in the list-creation dialog for re-use of references. This will hamper users of the Visual
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.{{efn-lr|Footnote 1}} Consectetur adipisicing elit.{{efn-lr|Footnote 2}} Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{efn-lr|Footnote 3}} {{notelist-lr}}
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.{{efn|name=fn1|Footnote 1}} Consectetur adipisicing elit.{{efn|Footnote 2}} Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{efn|name=fn1}} {{notelist}}
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.{{efn|Footnote 1}} Consectetur adipisicing elit.{{efn|Footnote 2}} Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{efn|Footnote 3}} {{notelist}}
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Names must be unique. You may not use the same name to define different groups or footnotes. Try to avoid picking a name that someone else is likely to choose for a new citation, such as
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Names should have semantic value, so that they can be more easily distinguished from each other by human editors who are looking at the wikitext. This means that ref names like
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footnote, reference) matches and links to the note marker label located in the main text and the label in front of the note's text in the appropriate group's list. There can be
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Each successive footnote label is automatically incremented. Thus the first footnote marker would be , the second would be and so on. Custom labels are also incremented: , .
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If the note's text has a reference name that is used more than once, the labels will still match, but the clickable alpha characters that toggle the note's display will be
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desktop site and have Javascript enabled, then hovering your cursor over a footnote marker (or touching it on touch devices) will show a pop-up box containing the footnote.
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The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.{{r|g=nb|r=A footnote.{{r|r=A reference for the footnote.}}}} ==Notes== {{reflist|group=nb}} ==References== {{reflist}}
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will show in the reference list. The ref tags can be added anywhere a citation or note is needed. There must be content inside the tags, else an error will show.
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under the heading "Preview of references", although you will still not be able to see named references whose definition is outside the section you are editing.
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Note that the footnote labels are incremented in the order they are used, and that they use the same label when reused, thus the labels can seem out of order:
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markup simpler. These templates also allow a standard reference to be inserted, so that an explanatory note can have a reference, or citations can be nested.
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There are several predefined groups that can have a reference list styled so that the label (a superscripted character within square brackets, e.g., ) of an
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To create the footnote marker, determine the point in the page content where the marker is desired and enter the markup with the citation or note inside the
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regardless of their order within the list. All references in reference list must be referenced in the content, otherwise an error message will be shown.
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The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. Amazingly few discotheques provide jukeboxes. How razorback-jumping frogs can level six piqued gymnasts.
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You may optionally provide reference names even when the reference name is not required. This makes later re-use of the sourced reference easier.
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Once any number of footnotes have been inserted into the content, the reference list must be generated. For the basic reference list, add
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is placed. Each entry begins with the footnote label in plain text. The entire reference list is formatted in a slightly smaller font.
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displays the full citation for the source. Together the footnotes are displayed in an ordered list wherever the reference list markup
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For a single-use footnote, the label is followed by a caret (^) that is a backlink to the matching footnote marker. For example:
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Consectetur adipisicing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Consectetur adipisicing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Consectetur adipisicing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Consectetur adipisicing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
34: 3771:ā€”to ask questions about using footnotes in articles if you were not able to find the information you need on this help page. 3747: 4665: 4640: 4475: 4077: 4031: 3307: 1007: 4676: 4605: 4590: 4447: 4176: 3902: 3804: 2371:
This part of the text requires clarification, whereas the entire text is cited. And this needs even more clarification.
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The content of the ref tags can be formatted using most wiki markup or HTML markup, although techniques such as the
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Note that when you use the visual editor, you will not be able to add, remove, or change list-defined references.
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If a named footnote is used in the text multiple times, then the footnote has multiple backlinks shown as letters:
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right after the footnote marker replacing the "page" with the appropriate page number or numbers. For example:
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The superscript numeral "1" in square brackets at the end of this sentence is an example of a footnote marker.
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Only certain types of material on the English Knowledge are required to have an inline citation. There is
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contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be
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This is starter content. This is expert content. And more starter content. And more expert content.
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in articles that have at least one citation somewhere else. For biographies of living persons, use
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Schudson said the Constitution shaped citizenship in fundamental ways.<ref name="Schudson": -->
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Note that the footnote labels in the reference list show only the numbers and not the group name.
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In these examples, the footnote labels match between the footnote marker and the reference list:
886:''LibreOffice For Starters'', First Edition, Flexible Minds, Manchester, 2002, p. 18</ref: --> 622:''LibreOffice For Starters'', First Edition, Flexible Minds, Manchester, 2002, p. 18</ref: --> 401:''LibreOffice For Starters'', First Edition, Flexible Minds, Manchester, 2002, p. 18</ref: --> 2137: 854: 4952: 4937: 4553: 4339: 4278: 3690: 2525: 1894: 262: 187: 153: 5036: 4912: 4701: 4392: 4052: 3925: 3920: 3781: 3774: 3678: 3355: 2501: 2288: 1205: 1028: 107: 27: 2491: 2281: 4927: 4522: 4422: 3667: 3534: 2775: 2749: 2723: 2697: 2671: 2553:
the note's label, with links to the multiple locations of its marker in the main text. See
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How razorback-jumping frogs can level six piqued gymnasts.<ref name="JumpingFrogs"/: -->
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and numerals. If spaces are used, the following technical restrictions become relevant:
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Please consider keeping reference names short, simple, and restricted to the standard
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be enclosed in quotes, else a cite error will occur. Otherwise, quotes are optional.
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In some cases, a page has more than one reference list. Until 2014, multiple uses of
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The number of columns to use is up to the editor, but some major practices include:
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It explains concepts or processes used by the Knowledge community. It is not one of
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The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.{{refn|group=nb|A footnote.<ref: -->
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Quotation marks are preferred but optional if the only characters used are letters
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Care should be taken when deleting references to avoid creating a cite error. See
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may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided.
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that include a styled group and have a matching styled reference list template.
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Ref tags should follow any punctuation (usually a period), not precede it; see
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Using the citation toolbar to insert additional references to the first source
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The footnote markers are included as usual for a named footnote. For example:
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The entries in the reference list will show the default decimal styling if:
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Amazingly few discotheques provide jukeboxes.<ref name="Jukeboxes"/: -->
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may be used at the editor's discretion in accordance with the guideline on
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is valid, but the sequence of parameters is invariant and nonintuitive.
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The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.<ref name="LazyDog"/: -->
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The quote marks must be the standard, straight, double quotation marks (
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template can be used to add a reference list to a specific discussion.
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These predefined note and citation groups have templates that make the
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The reference list group name does not need to be enclosed in quotes.
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This part of the text requires clarification,<ref group=note: -->
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If the footnote marker group name includes a space, the group name
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Names are case-sensitive. Please do not use raNdOM capitalization.
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Knowledge:Citing sources Ā§Ā Citing multiple pages of the same source
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The ref tag content may also contain an internal or external link:
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If the note text contains an "=" sign, precede the note text with
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some, but insufficient, inline citations to support the material
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in the Notes, References and other similarly purposed sections.
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Columns are not supported by Internet Explorer 9 and below; see
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You can cite the same source more than once on a page by using
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software extension. This extension adds the HTML-like elements
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And this needs even more clarification.<ref group=note: -->
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software, reference tags cannot be nested; that is, a set of
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And more starter content.<ref name="manchester2002" /: -->
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in the order that they are first referred to in the content,
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The entries in the reference list will have no styling if:
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The references will be numbered, and appear in the output,
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And more expert content.<ref name="lexington2004" /: -->
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be purely numeric; the software will accept something like
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This is starter content.<ref name="manchester2002": -->
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does not exactly match one of the predefined values; use
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may need to be referenced. Because of limitations in the
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This is more content.<ref name="manchester2002" /: -->
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Instructions on this page may not work with VisualEditor.
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The Good Citizen: A Brief History of American Civic Life
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Knowledge:Citing sources Ā§Ā Variation in citation methods
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For Shortened footnotes with explanatory footnotes, see
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This is expert content.<ref name="lexington2004": -->
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Names for footnotes and groups must follow these rules:
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references (bibliographic citations) to reliable sources
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of a page, the footnotes list will be visible when you
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Knowledge:Manual of Style/Layout Ā§Ā Notes and references
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tags. Attempting to do so will result in a cite error.
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This is page content.<ref name="manchester2002": -->
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no requirement to provide a citation for every sentence
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Using the citation toolbar to name the first reference
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parameters, which work the same as the parameters in
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The Footnotes system shows two elements on the page:
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Knowledge:Manual of Style/Music Ā§Ā Images and notation
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Named references can also be defined in the notelist
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Note that the colon-followed-by-numeral names, like
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This is a footnote that contains a citation or note.
4525: 2323:The syntax for the reference list with a group is: 1651:For a more detailed evaluation of this method, see 1543:will create columns with a minimum width of 30 em, 19:For the official guideline on citing sources, see 2433:When using both names and groups, the syntax is: 2301:The syntax to define a footnote with a group is: 2034: 1796:This is the jumping frogs reference.</ref: --> 1314: 1312: 1148:. That is, all printable ASCII characters except 159:source information for tables and other elements. 5083: 3748:Template:Harvard citation#Using CITEREF directly 3172: 2360:Listed separately from the citation</ref: --> 1331: 1329: 1246: 1244: 450:template will be explained in the next section. 3763:Knowledge:Citing sources/Further considerations 3283:or one of the variants and the style is set to 1934:can be used to nest references. The markup is: 1528:NBR 224 and 420 Classes (13:32, 1 August 2011) 1309: 991:does not offer the other advanced features of 4243: 4203: 3805: 3171:is used. See the note in the introduction of 2361:whereas the entire text is cited.<ref: --> 2243:and its variants use this markup internally. 2169:The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. 2087:The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. 1906:tags cannot be placed inside another pair of 1792:This is the jukeboxes reference.</ref: --> 1456:can be used to set a different column width: 1326: 1241: 143:Footnotes are used most commonly to provide: 40:"WP:NOTES" redirects here. For hatnotes, see 3656:should be added to articles where there are 2509:Help:Shortened footnotes Ā§Ā Explanatory notes 1829: 1794:This is the lazy dog reference.</ref: --> 1236:This is page content. This is more content. 730:will be supported by all browsers; however, 247: 5063: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3314:Help:Automatically generated reference list 2830:, which work the same as the parameters in 1566:Source name, access date, etc.</ref: --> 1564:Source name, access date, etc.</ref: --> 769:. For example, a space must be replaced by 4210: 4196: 3812: 3798: 3708:individual sections that have no citations 3287:; to resolve this, replace the style with 2080:A reference for the footnote.</ref: --> 1442:tag provides a default column width of 30 1438:, the list can be split into columns. The 966:parameter; that bug has been fixed and the 3819: 3687:. For biographies of living persons, use 1820: 1573:Lorem ipsum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. 1509:Ebola virus disease (06:28, 23 June 2013) 606:will not work in footnotes. For example: 4217: 3577: 3569: 3452: 3439: 3308:Reference lists: automatically generated 1008:Footnotes: using a source more than once 758:host-names are currently not supported. 1811: 1565:Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref: --> 44:. For article layout of footnotes, see 5084: 3396:A less common approach is to attach a 3116: 3114: 3045: 3043: 1359: 26:For help with citation templates, see 4191: 4073:Converting between references formats 3793: 2529: 1168:) or a double straight quote symbol ( 554:Content of the reference</ref: --> 520:Content of the reference</ref: --> 486:Content of the reference</ref: --> 332:Clicking on the backlink or pressing 127:This page explains how to create the 35:Knowledge:Fringe theories/Noticeboard 3494:compactly combines the functions of 2565:Template use by reference group type 2534:more than one of these groups' lists 2033:The other templates listed below in 1835:This is the jumping frogs reference. 1642:the text to a reader is unaffected. 1172:), which may however be included by 239:as it can style the reference list. 81:, and may reflect varying levels of 56: 4088:Guidance on source reviewing at FAC 4027:Referencing without using templates 4022:Referencing with citation templates 3123: 3111: 3040: 2385:Listed separately from the citation 1156:Inclusion of any other characters, 962:on the same page required use of a 13: 3639:Template: Unreferenced/doc Ā§Ā Usage 2864:. Do not enclose values in quotes. 180:When you must use inline citations 79:Knowledge's policies or guidelines 14: 5108: 3683:should be added to articles with 2195: 2177: 885:This is page content.<ref: --> 718:URLs must begin with a supported 676:This is page content.<ref: --> 621:This is page content.<ref: --> 400:This is page content.<ref: --> 271:Knowledge:VisualEditor/User guide 3373:Help:References and page numbers 1826:This is the jukeboxes reference. 1795:<ref name="JumpingFrogs": --> 970:parameter may safely be removed. 201:Footnotes are created using the 60: 4078:Reference display customization 3633:Flagging inadequate referencing 3544:Tools that can be used are the 3251: 3052: 2988: 2979: 2970: 2917: 2908: 2899: 2756:I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X 2730:i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x 2406: 2388: 2379: 2113: 2095: 2012:being optional parameters. The 1866:Footnotes: embedding references 1817:This is the lazy dog reference. 1589: 1580: 1567:==References== {{Reflist|30em}} 340:returns to the footnote marker. 5066:Ask for help on your talk page 3660:currently in the article. For 3381:One common approach is to use 3159:Multiple backlink labels (see 1595:Source name, access date, etc. 1586:Source name, access date, etc. 1067:To invoke the named footnote: 901: 689: 634: 569: 535: 529:Wrong (tag before punctuation) 501: 413: 354: 1: 3845:Biographies of living persons 3729:is specifically for articles 3662:biographies of living persons 3522:<ref name="Schudson"/: --> 3514:<ref name="Schudson"/: --> 2557:and the first point below in 2201:A reference for the footnote. 2119:A reference for the footnote. 1146:!$ %&()*,-.:;<@^_`{|}~ 169:Variation in citation methods 2471:Footnotes: predefined groups 1637:Help:List-defined references 1107:are preferred to names like 763:citation template parameters 7: 4712:References and page numbers 4083:References and page numbers 4017:Introduction to referencing 3275:A reference is included in 3228:is enclosed by quotes; use 2558: 2500:For technical details, see 1793:<ref name="LazyDog": --> 855:Reference lists: the basics 265:or classic editing through 10: 5113: 4491:"The rules are principles" 4476:Simplified Manual of Style 4032:Referencing dos and don'ts 3636: 3563: 3550:User:Anomie/ajaxpreview.js 3453:Schudson, Michael (1998). 3370: 3311: 2513: 2506: 2499: 2474: 2271: 2219:The use of the magic word 1887: 1869: 1634: 1616: 1475:is the column width in em. 1410: 1392: 1358:When using both names and 1038: 1011: 932: 887:==References== {{reflist}} 373: 90: 39: 32: 25: 18: 5055: 4971: 4865: 4697:Referencing for beginners 4659: 4573: 4521: 4446: 4380: 4317: 4225: 4177:Parenthetical referencing 4167: 4151: 4096: 4045: 4012:Citations quick reference 3997: 3979:Punctuation and footnotes 3964: 3911: 3875: 3827: 3412: 3409: 3092: 3089: 3022: 3019: 2951: 2948: 2881: 2878: 2611: 2602: 2589: 2364:Another note</ref: --> 2352: 2349: 2156: 2153: 2072: 2069: 1781: 1778: 1556: 1553: 1339:. Lexington. 2004. p.Ā 18. 1285: 1282: 1220: 1217: 878: 875: 813: 808: 805: 802: 799: 796: 793: 790: 787: 784: 781: 778: 669: 666: 614: 611: 478: 475: 393: 390: 48:. For musical notes, see 4830:Simple vandalism cleanup 4466:Avoiding common mistakes 4461:Advice for young editors 3931:Citation Style Vancouver 3566:Knowledge:RefToolbar/2.0 3459:. Simon & Schuster. 3329: 2636:(for nested references) 2624:(for nested references) 2575:Footnote marker template 1714: 1657: 1563:Lorem ipsum.<ref: --> 1389:Reference lists: columns 1383:Avoiding common mistakes 1320:LibreOffice for Starters 1252:LibreOffice for Starters 908:LibreOffice For Starters 697:LibreOffice For Starters 641:LibreOffice For Starters 575:Content of the reference 563:Wrong (space before tag) 541:Content of the reference 507:Content of the reference 420:LibreOffice For Starters 21:Knowledge:Citing sources 4565:VisualEditor user guide 4347:Policies and guidelines 3828:Policies and guidelines 3643:Template:Citation style 3367:Footnotes: page numbers 2943:With lower-roman labels 2873:With lower-alpha labels 2452:For the repeated note: 1613:List-defined references 977:may be seen instead of 462:Where to place ref tags 453:The content inside the 225:...</references: --> 154:explanatory information 4539:Introductions by topic 4534:Why create an account? 4097:Template documentation 3591:Issues and limitations 3583: 3575: 3518:{{r|Schudson|p=241-3}} 2362:Citation.</ref: --> 1337:OpenOffice for Experts 893:This is page content. 684:This is page content. 629:This is page content. 408:This is page content. 252: 16:Knowledge help article 5097:Knowledge editor help 4992:(Encyclopedia proper) 4372:Who writes Knowledge? 4352:What Knowledge is not 3821:Knowledge referencing 3775:Template:Editor tools 3714:BLP unsourced section 3621:does not work within 3607:does not work within 3581: 3573: 3535:edit a single section 3258:<references /: --> 3250:is indented with the 3226:<references /: --> 3195:<references /: --> 3014:With named references 2808:note 1 note 2 note 3 2612:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2502:Help:Cite link labels 1440:<references /: --> 1436:<references /: --> 1421:for technical details 989:<references /: --> 975:<references /: --> 604:template substitution 553:...text. <ref: --> 370:Footnotes: the basics 261:, you can use either 251: 237:<references /: --> 184:Good article criteria 28:Help:Citation Style 1 4692:Citations/references 4651:Titles (of articles) 4596:Biographies (living) 4219:Knowledge help pages 3867:Scientific citations 3840:No original research 3702:Unreferenced section 3685:no references at all 3129:Very long footnote 2 3120:Very long footnote 1 2782:Ī± Ī² Ī³ Ī“ Īµ Ī¶ Ī· Īø Ī¹ Īŗ 2704:A B C D E F G H I J 2678:a b c d e f g h i j 2447:Content</ref: --> 2311:Content</ref: --> 1890:WP:Nesting footnotes 1768:</references: --> 1376:Content</ref: --> 1206:generated by default 485:...text.<ref: --> 69:This help page is a 4481:Simplified rule-set 4242:for an interactive 3984:Shortened footnotes 3769:Knowledge:Help desk 3731:needing additional 3546:user:js/ajaxPreview 3383:shortened citations 3351:On talk pages, the 3260:is used instead of 3240:will not be needed. 3209:will not be needed. 3086: 3016: 2945: 2875: 1717:<references: --> 1712:or, alternatively, 1550: 1535:For example: Using 1523:Shortened footnotes 1485:set columns feature 594:Formatting ref tags 519:...text<ref: --> 385:tags. For example: 345:Footnotes in action 224:<references: --> 165:shortened footnotes 4857:WP search protocol 4852:User contributions 4818:Email confirmation 4544:Graphics tutorials 4508:Your first article 4486:"Ignore all rules" 3999:Help for beginners 3951:Citation templates 3903:Referencing styles 3584: 3576: 3539:preview your edits 3387:References section 3082: 3012: 2941: 2871: 2593:but optionally any 1546: 1144:, and the symbols 1091: 253: 196:Citation templates 5079: 5078: 4993: 4666:information pages 4185: 4184: 4159:Knowledge Library 3989:Nesting footnotes 3893:Combining sources 3520:is equivalent to 3512:is equivalent to 3485: 3484: 3391:Footnotes section 3145: 3144: 3074: 3073: 3010: 3009: 2939: 2938: 2812: 2811: 2428: 2427: 2268:Footnotes: groups 2217: 2216: 2135: 2134: 2035:Predefined groups 1895:Explanatory notes 1851: 1850: 1655:. The syntax is: 1610: 1609: 1548:30em wide columns 1362:, the syntax is: 1356: 1355: 1271: 1270: 1162:name="John Smith" 1100:(purely numeric). 1089: 926: 925: 848: 847: 716: 715: 659: 658: 591: 590: 438: 437: 125: 124: 42:Knowledge:Hatnote 5104: 5092:Knowledge how-to 5073: 5069: 5027:Manual of Style 4991: 4977: 4871: 4846:simple archiving 4702:Citation Style 1 4682:Article deletion 4677:Appealing blocks 4670: 4579: 4557: 4549:Picture tutorial 4527: 4454: 4386: 4382:Help for readers 4323: 4309: 4297: 4285: 4273: 4261: 4245: 4212: 4205: 4198: 4189: 4188: 4144: 4138: 4133: 4127: 4122: 4116: 4111: 4105: 4053:Cite link labels 4037:Citing Knowledge 3966:Inline citations 3956:Reflist template 3926:Citation Style 2 3921:Citation Style 1 3850:Reliable sources 3814: 3807: 3800: 3791: 3790: 3786: 3780: 3759: 3753: 3728: 3717: 3705: 3694: 3682: 3671: 3655: 3624: 3610: 3529:Previewing edits 3524: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3470: 3469: 3450: 3407: 3406: 3403: 3360: 3354: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3333: 3321: 3303: 3299: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3267: 3259: 3253: 3249: 3239: 3235: 3227: 3223: 3215: 3208: 3204: 3196: 3192: 3184: 3170: 3130: 3127: 3121: 3118: 3087: 3081: 3059: 3056: 3050: 3047: 3017: 3011: 2995: 2992: 2986: 2983: 2977: 2974: 2946: 2940: 2924: 2921: 2915: 2912: 2906: 2903: 2876: 2870: 2863: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2805: 2796: 2779: 2770: 2753: 2744: 2727: 2718: 2701: 2692: 2675: 2667: 2658: 2650: 2635: 2623: 2609: 2600: 2599:...</ref: --> 2591:none by default, 2569: 2568: 2531: 2526:explanatory note 2494: 2487: 2466: 2448: 2413: 2410: 2395: 2392: 2386: 2383: 2347: 2346: 2337: 2312: 2291: 2284: 2261: 2242: 2236: 2232: 2226: 2222: 2202: 2199: 2184: 2181: 2151: 2150: 2147: 2141: 2120: 2117: 2102: 2099: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2057: 2046: 2040: 2037:are variants of 2029: 2023: 2020:tags or another 2019: 2000: 1978: 1956: 1933: 1927: 1923: 1917: 1910: 1909:...</ref: --> 1905: 1904:...</ref: --> 1882: 1836: 1833: 1827: 1824: 1818: 1815: 1776: 1775: 1769: 1766: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1707: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659:{{reflist|refs= 1629: 1596: 1593: 1587: 1584: 1551: 1545: 1542: 1530: 1520: 1511: 1505: 1470: 1455: 1449: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1427: 1420: 1414: 1405: 1377: 1341: 1340: 1333: 1324: 1323: 1316: 1280: 1279: 1256: 1255: 1248: 1215: 1214: 1204:, are currently 1203: 1190: 1183: 1179: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1158:including spaces 1152: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1127:English alphabet 1121: 1117: 1110: 1106: 1099: 1095: 1077: 1063: 1047:named references 1031: 1024: 1000: 994: 990: 986: 980: 976: 969: 965: 961: 955: 945: 911: 905: 873: 872: 868: 862: 776: 775: 772: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 701: 693: 664: 663: 644: 638: 609: 608: 576: 573: 564: 542: 539: 530: 508: 505: 496: 473: 472: 457: 456:...</ref: --> 449: 443: 423: 417: 388: 387: 384: 383:...</ref: --> 361: 358: 328: 317: 301: 295: 238: 234: 226: 221: 213: 212:...</ref: --> 194:and examples of 117: 110: 103: 64: 63: 57: 5112: 5111: 5107: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5102: 5101: 5082: 5081: 5080: 5075: 5051: 4967: 4861: 4655: 4569: 4555: 4523:Getting started 4517: 4442: 4423:Other languages 4376: 4367:Making requests 4361:parental advice 4319:About Knowledge 4313: 4267:Reference desks 4221: 4216: 4186: 4181: 4163: 4147: 4142: 4136: 4131: 4125: 4120: 4114: 4109: 4103: 4092: 4041: 3993: 3960: 3907: 3898:Offline sources 3883:Citation needed 3871: 3823: 3818: 3784: 3778: 3757: 3751: 3744: 3722: 3711: 3699: 3688: 3676: 3665: 3649: 3645: 3635: 3622: 3608: 3593: 3568: 3562: 3552:scripts or the 3531: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3499: 3495: 3487: 3475: 3474: 3473: 3466: 3451: 3440: 3435: 3425: 3397: 3375: 3369: 3358: 3352: 3349: 3344: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3319: 3316: 3310: 3301: 3297: 3289:listclass=hlist 3288: 3285:bodyclass=hlist 3284: 3276: 3261: 3257: 3243: 3237: 3229: 3225: 3217: 3213: 3206: 3198: 3194: 3186: 3182: 3164: 3156: 3135: 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4721: 4716: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4673: 4671: 4664: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4616:Disambiguation 4613: 4608: 4603: 4601:Categorization 4598: 4593: 4588: 4582: 4580: 4575:Dos and don'ts 4571: 4570: 4568: 4567: 4562: 4561: 4560: 4551: 4541: 4536: 4530: 4528: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4515: 4512:article wizard 4505: 4503:Tip of the day 4500: 4495: 4494: 4493: 4488: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4457: 4455: 4449: 4444: 4443: 4441: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4389: 4387: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4343: 4342: 4337: 4330:Administration 4326: 4324: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4311: 4299: 4287: 4275: 4263: 4250: 4249: 4248: 4226: 4223: 4222: 4215: 4214: 4207: 4200: 4192: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4179: 4173: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4161: 4155: 4153: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4145: 4134: 4123: 4112: 4100: 4098: 4094: 4093: 4091: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4058:Citation tools 4055: 4049: 4047: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4007:Reference-tags 4003: 4001: 3995: 3994: 3992: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3970: 3968: 3962: 3961: 3959: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3917: 3915: 3913:Citing sources 3909: 3908: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3879: 3877: 3876:General advice 3873: 3872: 3870: 3869: 3864: 3862:Citing sources 3859: 3858: 3857: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3831: 3829: 3825: 3824: 3817: 3816: 3809: 3802: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3743: 3740: 3739: 3738: 3719: 3696: 3673: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3629: 3615: 3602: 3592: 3589: 3561: 3558: 3530: 3527: 3510:{{r|Schudson}} 3483: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3471: 3464: 3437: 3436: 3433: 3428: 3426: 3418: 3415: 3414: 3411: 3368: 3365: 3348: 3345: 3332:==References== 3330: 3309: 3306: 3305: 3304: 3294: 3293: 3292: 3270: 3269: 3268: 3255: 3241: 3236:or variant as 3212:The value for 3210: 3205:or variant as 3181:The value for 3176: 3155: 3152: 3143: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3132: 3131: 3122: 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192:Citing sources 161: 160: 157: 151: 138:Citing sources 123: 122: 119: 118: 111: 104: 96: 91: 88: 76: 75: 67: 65: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5109: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5089: 5087: 5074: 5068: 5067: 5061: 5060: 5054: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4984:Abbreviations 4982: 4981: 4979: 4974: 4970: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4928:Music symbols 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4868: 4864: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4838: 4835: 4831: 4828: 4827: 4826: 4823: 4819: 4816: 4815: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4781: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4745: 4744:edit conflict 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4731: 4730: 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272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 250: 240: 232: 219: 210: 204: 199: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 172: 170: 166: 163:Footnotes or 158: 155: 152: 149: 146: 145: 144: 141: 139: 135: 130: 116: 112: 109: 105: 102: 98: 97: 94: 89: 84: 80: 74: 72: 66: 59: 58: 55: 51: 47: 43: 36: 29: 22: 5070: 5065: 5057: 4963:Visual files 4953:Transclusion 4888:Calculations 4760: 4751:Find sources 4661:How-to pages 4450:to Knowledge 4448:Contributing 4306: 4301: 4294: 4289: 4282: 4279:Noticeboards 4277: 4270: 4265: 4258: 4253: 4237: 4231: 4229: 3973: 3888:Find sources 3782:Editor tools 3732: 3730: 3707: 3684: 3679:Unreferenced 3657: 3623:<ref: --> 3609:<ref: --> 3585: 3543: 3532: 3523:{{rp|241-3}} 3496:<ref: --> 3486: 3455: 3429: 3424:{{rp|241-3}} 3413:Renders as 3395: 3390: 3386: 3380: 3376: 3363: 3356:reflist-talk 3350: 3325: 3320:<ref: --> 3318:A page with 3317: 3173:this section 3147: 3146: 3125: 3105: 3093:Renders as 3083: 3076: 3075: 3054: 3034: 3023:Renders as 3013: 2990: 2981: 2972: 2964: 2952:Renders as 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Index

Knowledge:Citing sources
Help:Citation Style 1
Knowledge:Fringe theories/Noticeboard
Knowledge:Hatnote
MOS:NOTES
Knowledge:Manual of Style/Music Ā§Ā Images and notation
how-to guide
Knowledge's policies or guidelines
consensus
Shortcuts
H:FOOT
WP:FOOTNOTES
H:FN
footnotes
Citing sources
references (bibliographic citations) to reliable sources
explanatory information
shortened footnotes
Variation in citation methods
no requirement to provide a citation for every sentence
When you must use inline citations
Good article criteria
When to cite
Citing sources
Citation templates
Cite
ref
references
reflist

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