Afghanistan - Knowledge

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to other countries such as Pakistan. Millions have since returned and the war conditions contribute to the country having the highest fertility rate outside Africa. Afghanistan's healthcare has recovered since the turn of the century, causing falls in infant mortality and increases in life expectancy, although it has the lowest life expectance of any country outside Africa. This (along with other factors such as returning refugees) caused rapid population growth in the 2000s that has only recently started to slow down. The

4997:, and the district governors are selected by the provincial governors. The provincial governors are representatives of the central government in Kabul and are responsible for all administrative and formal issues within their provinces. There are also provincial councils that are elected through direct and general elections for four years. The functions of provincial councils are to take part in provincial development planning and to participate in the monitoring and appraisal of other provincial governance institutions. 4347: 4929:. Government formation was delayed due to concerns about forming a broad-based government acceptable to the international community. It was later added however that the Taliban's Rahbari Shura, the group's leadership council was divided between the hardline Haqqani Network and moderate Abdul Ghani Baradar over appointments needed to form an "inclusive" government. Reports claimed that this culminated in a skirmish which led to Baradar being injured and treated in Pakistan, however this was denied by Baradar himself. 7646:, in the 13th century, considered the greatest mystical poet of the Muslim world. The Afghan Pashto literature, although quantitatively remarkable and in great growth in the last century, has always had an essentially local meaning and importance, feeling the influence of both Persian literature and the contiguous literatures of India. Both main literatures, from the second half of the nineteenth century, have shown themselves to be sensitive to genres, movements and stylistic features imported from Europe. 5634: 5400: 6139: 2408: 8102: 7934: 6859: 2582: 5899: 1471: 102: 5473: 1897: 4417: 3065: 6485: 2822: 4765: 26526: 3509: 8284: 5008: 10319:... he would have drawn inspiration from a ireligious policy which intended to counteract the Median Magi's influence and transfer the 'Avesta-Schule' from Arachosia to Persia: thus the Avesta would have arrived in Persia through Arachosia in the 6th century B.C. Although ... Arachosia would have been only a second fatherland for Zoroastrianism, a significant role should still be attributed to this south-eastern region in the history of the Zoroastrian tradition. 3748: 791: 27632: 25130: 26540: 26498: 26470: 26456: 26428: 4786: 3803: 3770: 25142: 26484: 2016: 3869: 5598:. In recent years, there has been an uptick in saffron production, which authorities and farmers are using to try to replace poppy cultivation. Between 2012 and 2019, the saffron cultivated and produced in Afghanistan was consecutively ranked the world's best by the International Taste and Quality Institute. Production hit record high in 2019 (19,469 kg of saffron), and one kilogram is sold domestically between $ 634 and $ 1147. 26512: 26442: 5570: 4224: 4057: 4717: 7257: 7395: 3726: 23908: 18714: 896: 27642: 7687: 1598: 3847: 21887: 13445: 3100:. This would trigger a series of events that would dramatically turn Afghanistan from a poor and secluded (albeit peaceful) country to a hotbed of international terrorism. The PDPA initiated various social, symbolic, and land distribution reforms that provoked strong opposition, while also brutally oppressing political dissidents. This caused unrest and quickly expanded into a state of 5487:, who brought with them entrepreneurship and wealth-creating skills as well as much needed funds to start up businesses. Many Afghans are now involved in construction, which is one of the largest industries in the country. Some of the major national construction projects include the $ 35 billion New Kabul City next to the capital, the Aino Mena project in Kandahar, and the 5427:. Afghanistan's rough physical geography and its landlocked status has been cited as reasons why the country has always been among the least developed in the modern era – a factor where progress is also slowed by contemporary conflict and political instability. The country imports over $ 7 billion worth of goods but exports only $ 784 million, mainly fruits and 6077:, which provides services to millions of phone, internet, and television subscribers. By 2001 following years of civil war, telecommunications was virtually a non-existent sector, but by 2016 it had grown to a $ 2 billion industry, with 22 million mobile phone subscribers and 5 million internet users. The sector employs at least 120,000 people nationwide. 3895: 18706: 3960: 3946: 3937: 3918: 3904: 16803:

Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020).

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not battle casualties or the unavoidable civilian victims of warfare. Soviet and local Communist forces seldom attacked the scattered guerilla bands of the Afghan Resistance except, in a few strategic locales like the Panjsher valley. Instead they deliberately targeted the civilian population, primarily in the rural areas.

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Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.;

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During the intervening fourteen years of Communist rule, an estimated 1.5 to 2 million Afghan civilians were killed by Soviet forces and their proxies- the four Communist regimes in Kabul, and the East Germans, Bulgarians, Czechs, Cubans, Palestinians, Indians and others who assisted them. These were

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Afghanistan became a member of the United Nations in 1946. Historically, Afghanistan had strong relations with Germany, one of the first countries to recognize Afghanistan's independence in 1919; the Soviet Union, which provided much aid and military training for Afghanistan's forces and includes the

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The Soviet–Afghan War had drastic social effects on Afghanistan. The militarization of society led to heavily armed police, private bodyguards, openly armed civil defense groups, and other such things becoming the norm in Afghanistan for decades thereafter. The traditional power structure had shifted

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The current population growth rate is 2.37%, one of the highest in the world outside of Africa. This population is expected to reach 82 million by 2050 if current population trends continue. The population of Afghanistan increased steadily until the 1980s, when civil war caused millions to flee

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against the Sikhs like his father, though more successfully. The most prominent example of his battles during this campaign was when he led his forces under Zangi Khan Durrani – with over 18,000 men total of Afghan, Qizilbash, and Mongol cavalrymen – against over 60,000 Sikh men. The Sikhs lost over

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provinces in the 2010s. Wells have gradually been deepened, but water resources are limited. Opium is the major crop, but as of 2022, was under attack by the new Taliban government which, to suppress opium production, was systematically suppressing water pumping. In a 2023 report, poppy cultivation

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is compulsory in Afghanistan, though this contradicts the reality. It has been speculated that there is a genuine internal policy division over women's rights between hardliners, including leader Hibatullah Akhundzada, and pragmatists, though they publicly present a united front. Another decree was

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that led to its sacking, the British gave up on their attempts to try and subjugate Afghanistan, allowing Dost Mohammad Khan to return as ruler. Following this, Dost Mohammad pursued a myriad of campaigns to unite most of Afghanistan in his reign, launching numerous incursions including against the

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According to widely reported accounts, substantial programmes of depopulation have been conducted in these Afghan provinces: Ghazni, Nagarhar, Lagham, Qandahar, Zabul, Badakhshan, Lowgar, Paktia, Paktika and Kunar...There is considerable evidence that genocide has been committed against the Afghan

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1% (2021 est). Data represent the most widely spoken languages; shares sum to more than 100% because there is much bilingualism in the country and because respondents were allowed to select more than one language. There are a number of smaller regional languages, including Uzbek, Turkmen, Balochi,

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After the Taliban regained power in 2021, it became unclear to what extent female education would continue in the country. In March 2022, after they had been closed for some time, it was announced that secondary education would be reopened shortly. However, shortly before reopening, the order was

6961:. There are over 16,000 schools in the country and roughly 9 million students. Of this, about 60% are males and 40% females. However, the new regime has thus far forbidden female teachers and female students from returning to secondary schools. Over 174,000 students are enrolled in different 2267:

succeeding him after the defeat of his brother, Suleiman Mirza. Timur Shah Durrani ascended to the throne in November 1772, having defeated a coalition under Shah Wali Khan and Humayun Mirza. Timur Shah began his reign by consolidating power toward himself and people loyal to him, purging Durrani

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Seventy-seven percent support the presence of U.S. forces; 67 percent say the same of NATO/ISAF forces more generally. Despite the country's travails, eight in 10 say it was a good thing for the United States to oust the Taliban in 2001. And much more blame either the Taliban or al Qaeda for the

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is estimated to have dropped by 20% following the Taliban return to power. Following this, after months of free-fall, the Afghan economy began stabilizing, as a result of the Taliban's restrictions on smuggled imports, limits on banking transactions, and UN aid. In 2023, the Afghan economy began

6918:, living mainly in Herat and Kabul. Over the years, this small community was forced to leave due to decades of warfare and religious persecution. By the end of the twentieth century, nearly the entire community had emigrated to Israel and the United States, with one known exception, Herat-born 6026:

Unexpectedly, tourism has seen development in Afghanistan following the Taliban takeover. Active efforts by the Taliban has seen tourism increase from 691 tourists in 2021, to 2,300 in 2022. A sharp increase of over 120% was observed from 2022 to 2023, reaching nearly 5,200 tourists, with some

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have significantly tackled corruption, now being placed as 150th on the corruption watchdog perception index. The Taliban have also reportedly reduced bribery and extortion in public service areas. At the same time, the human rights situation in the country has deteriorated. Following the 2001

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on 15 August 2021, after regaining control over a vast majority of Afghanistan. Several foreign diplomats and Afghan government officials, including president Ashraf Ghani, were evacuated from the country, with many Afghan civilians attempting to flee along with them. On 17 August, first vice

9512: 9938:, a horse, and shows that their country must have been noted in ancient times, as it is at the present day, for its superior breed of horses. Asvaka was an important tribe settled north to Kabul river, which offered a gallant resistance but ineffectual resistance to the arms of Alexander." ( 1486:

Excavations of prehistoric sites suggest that humans were living in what is now Afghanistan at least 50,000 years ago, and that farming communities in the area were among the earliest in the world. An important site of early historical activities, many believe that Afghanistan compares to

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issued shortly after the first, requiring female TV presenters to cover their faces during broadcasts. Since the Taliban takeover, suicides among women have become more common, and the country could now be one of the few where the rate of suicide among women surpasses that among men.

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in Afghanistan is lower than world average. In 2016, Afghanistan had 0.43 global hectares of biocapacity per person within its territory, much less than the world average of 1.6 global hectares per person. In 2016 Afghanistan used 0.73 global hectares of biocapacity per person—their

9923:"Even the name Afghan is Aryan being derived from Asvakayana, an important clan of the Asvakas or horsemen who must have derived this title from their handling of celebrated breeds of horses" (See: Imprints of Indian Thought and Culture Abroad, p 124, Vivekananda Kendra Prakashan). 7513:, were created with designs representing pain and misery caused by the conflict. Every province has its own specific characteristics in making rugs. In some of the Turkic-populated areas in the north-west, bride and wedding ceremony prices are driven by the bride's weaving skills. 6294:

The population of Afghanistan was estimated at 32.9 million as of 2019 by the Afghanistan Statistics and Information Authority, whereas the UN estimates over 38.0 million. In 1979 the total population was reported to be about 15.5 million. About 23.9% of them are

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and child mortality rates in the world, the lowest life expectancy, much of the population were hungry, and infrastructure was in ruins. Many foreign donors started providing aid and assistance to rebuild the war-torn country. As coalition troops entered Afghanistan to help the

4094:) with Pakistan to the east and south, followed by borders with Tajikistan to the northeast, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the north-west, Uzbekistan to the north and China to the far northeast; India recognizes a border with Afghanistan through Pakistani-administered 9312: 7185:

have both common cultural features and those that differ between the regions of Afghanistan, each with distinctive cultures partly as a result of geographic obstacles that divide the country. Family is the mainstay of Afghan society and families are often headed by a

3024:. However, it was a beneficiary of the latter rivalry as both the Soviet Union and the United States vied for influence by building Afghanistan's main highways, airports, and other vital infrastructure. On a per capita basis, Afghanistan received more Soviet 18934:"Green Energy Complicates the Taliban's New Battle Against Opium: The multibillion-dollar trade has survived previous bans. Now, the Taliban are going after solar-powered water pumps to try to dry up poppy crops in the middle of a national economic crisis" 4298:

is around 2% of the total land area, equivalent to 1,208,440 hectares (ha) of forest in 2020, which was unchanged from 1990. In 2020, naturally regenerating forest covered 1,208,440 hectares (ha). Of the naturally regenerating forest 0% was reported to be

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Several small companies and factories began operating in different parts of the country, which not only provide revenues to the government but also create new jobs. Improvements to the business environment have resulted in more than $ 1.5 billion in

6768:, although many of them are also fluent in Dari while some non-Pashtuns are fluent in Pashto. Despite the Pashtuns having been dominant in Afghan politics for centuries, Dari remained the preferred language for government and bureaucracy. According to 6922:. He remained for years, being the caretaker of the only remaining Afghan synagogue. He left the country for the US after the second Taliban takeover. A woman who left shortly after him has since been identified as the likely last Jew in Afghanistan. 9504: 8360:, with all law ultimately originating from the supreme leader. Consensus rule was initially used among the Taliban, but was phased out as the supreme leader monopolized control in the months following the 2021 return to power. There is an advisory 3015:

Zahir Shah, like his father Nadir Shah, had a policy of maintaining national independence while pursuing gradual modernization, creating nationalist feeling, and improving relations with the United Kingdom. Afghanistan was neither a participant in

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In other words, the centralized political and governance institutions of the former republic were unaccountable enough that they now comfortably accommodate the totalitarian objectives of the Taliban without giving the people any chance to resist

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in the summers, with most rainfall falling between December and April. The lower areas of northern and western Afghanistan are the driest, with precipitation more common in the east. Although proximate to India, Afghanistan is mostly outside the

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According to article 140 of the constitution and the presidential decree on electoral law, mayors of cities should be elected through free and direct elections for a four-year term. In practice however, mayors are appointed by the government.

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Taliban-ruled Afghanistan is ranked 150th, a remarkable status upgrade from its 174th ranking in 2021. In 2011, at the height of U.S. military and developmental engagement in Afghanistan, the country was ranked 180th, next to North Korea and

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Tourism is a small industry in Afghanistan due to security issues. Nevertheless, some 20,000 foreign tourists visit the country annually as of 2016. In particular an important region for domestic and international tourism is the picturesque

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network in Afghanistan. The majority of Afghans supported the American invasion. During the initial invasion, US and UK forces bombed al-Qaeda training camps, and later working with the Northern Alliance, the Taliban regime came to an end.

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The availability of cheap diesel-powered water pumps imported from China and Pakistan, and in the 2010s, of cheap solar power to pump water, resulted in expansion of agriculture and population in the southwestern deserts of Afghanistan in

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to fight perceived Russian influence in the region. Sher Ali retreated to northern Afghanistan, intending to create a resistance there similar to his predecessors, Dost Mohammad Khan, and Wazir Akbar Khan. His untimely death however, saw

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by tribal and nomadic people today. Carpets have been produced in the region for thousands of years and traditionally done by women. Some crafters express their feelings through the designs of rugs; for example after the outbreak of the

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makes clear in the article on Afghanistan — Ethnography that "The term Farsiwan also has the regional forms Parsiwan and Parsiban. In religion they are Imami Shia. In the literature they are often mistakenly referred to as Tajik."

17265: 5776:. One official asserted that "this will become the backbone of the Afghan economy" and a Pentagon memo stated that Afghanistan could become the "Saudi Arabia of lithium". The lithium reserves of 21 Mio. tons could amount to the ones of 3495:

where for the first time in Afghanistan's history power was democratically transferred. On 28 December 2014, NATO formally ended ISAF combat operations and transferred full security responsibility to the Afghan government. The NATO-led

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in 1800 to deal with a rebellious Ranjit Singh. However, he was forced to withdraw, and Zaman Shah's reign was ended by Mahmud Shah Durrani. However, just under two years into his reign, Mahmud Shah Durrani was deposed by his brother

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The Afghans are among the latest victims of genocide by a superpower. Large numbers of Afghans were killed to suppress resistance to the army of the Soviet Union, which wished to vindicate its client regime and realize its goal in

2911:, Amanullah's cousin, defeated and killed Kalakani in October 1929, and was declared King Nadir Shah. He abandoned the reforms of King Amanullah in favor of a more gradual approach to modernization, but was assassinated in 1933 by 23271: 4662:, the Taliban declared the country an Islamic Emirate. A new caretaker government was announced on 7 September. As of 8 September 2021, no other country had formally recognized the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan as the 10022: 14817: 10653:

With Aurmuzd, Sroshard, Narasa and Mihr, we are on safer ground because all are Zoroastrian deities: Aurmuzd is the supreme god of light, Ahura Mazda; and Mihr, the sun god, is linked with the Iranian Mithra. Exactly the same

4303:(consisting of native tree species with no clearly visible indications of human activity) and around 0% of the forest area was found within protected areas. For the year 2015, 100% of the forest area was reported to be under 14847: 6351:, due to returning refugees from Pakistan and Iran after 2001, internally displaced people, and rural migrants. Urbanization in Afghanistan is different from typical urbanization in that it is centered on just a few cities. 19810: 3634:, who took office on 7 September 2021. Akhund is one of the four founders of the Taliban and was a deputy prime minister of the previous emirate; his appointment was seen as a compromise between moderates and hardliners. A 13736:

Equally large percentages endorse the US military presence in Afghanistan. Eighty-three percent said they have a favorable view of "the US military forces in our country" (39% very favorable). Just 17% have an unfavorable

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factions committed widespread rape, murder and extortion, while Kabul was heavily bombarded and partially destroyed by the fighting. Several failed reconciliations and alliances occurred between different leaders. The

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after his death in May 1793. Timur Shah's reign oversaw the attempted stabilization and consolidation of the empire. However, Timur Shah had over 24 sons, which plunged the empire in civil war over succession crises.

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invasion, more than 5.7 million refugees returned to Afghanistan; however, in 2021, 2.6 million Afghans remained refugees, primarily in Iran and Pakistan, and another 4 million were internally displaced.

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Pashto and Dari are the official languages of the state. Uzbek, Turkmen, Baluchi, Pashai, Nuristani and Pamiri are – in addition to Pashto and Dari – the third official language in areas where the majority speaks

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How can a small power like Afghanistan, which is like a goat between these lions or a grain of wheat between two strong millstones of the grinding mill, stand in the midway of the stones without being ground to

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is a hat made from the fur of a specific regional breed of sheep. It was favored by former kings of Afghanistan and became known to much of the world in the 21st century when it was constantly worn by President

15672: 2806:. The effort to bring Afghanistan into the Central Powers failed, but it sparked discontent among the population about maintaining neutrality with the British. Habibullah was assassinated in February 1919, and 26314: 22013: 8455: 7840:(RFE/RL) broadcast in both of Afghanistan's official languages on radio. Press restrictions have been gradually relaxed and private media diversified since 2002, after more than two decades of tight controls. 17050: 8989: 7056:, still allow girl's schools from grade 6 and up. In December 2023, investigations were being held by the United Nations on the claim that Afghan girls of all ages were allowed to study at religious schools. 27722: 8960: 7606:

are a cherished part of Afghan culture. Poetry has always been one of the major educational pillars in the region, to the level that it has integrated itself into culture. One of the poetic styles is called

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was formed the same day as a successor to ISAF. Thousands of NATO troops remained in the country to train and advise Afghan government forces and continue their fight against the Taliban. A report titled

22347: 17736: 16568: 13792: 13593: 9897: 9170: 5849:, helped by the amount of rivers and streams that flow from the mountains. However electricity is not always reliable and blackouts happen, including in Kabul. In recent years an increasing number of 4855:, emerged in the United Arab Emirates and said that he supported such negotiations and was in talks to return to Afghanistan. Many figures within the Taliban generally agreed that continuation of the 26605: 17295: 6354:

The only city with over a million residents is its capital, Kabul, located in the east of the country. The other large cities are located generally in the "ring" around the Central Highlands, namely

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The Rabatak inscription includes Miiro amongst a list of gods: Nana, Ahura Mazda, and Narasa. All of these gods likely had images dedicated at the Bagolaggo, presumably alongside statues of Kanishka

2664:, conquering it and re-uniting Afghanistan. During his campaigns of re-unification, he held friendly relations with the British despite the First Anglo-Afghan War, and affirmed their status in the 9250:

has not convened the Taliban's Leadership Council (a 'politburo' of top leaders and commanders) for several months. Instead, he relies on the narrower Kandahar Council of Clerics for legal advice.

7226:. Those who have lived in Pakistan and Iran over the last 30 years have been further influenced by the cultures of those neighboring nations. The Afghan people are known to be strongly religious. 1679:

in present-day Uzbekistan. Goods and ideas were exchanged at this center point, such as Chinese silk, Persian silver and Roman gold, while the region of present Afghanistan was mining and trading

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Lin, David; Hanscom, Laurel; Murthy, Adeline; Galli, Alessandro; Evans, Mikel; Neill, Evan; Mancini, MariaSerena; Martindill, Jon; Medouar, FatimeZahra; Huang, Shiyu; Wackernagel, Mathis (2018).

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but inclusive of both factions (Parcham and Khalq), filled the vacuum. Soviet troops in more substantial numbers were deployed to stabilize Afghanistan under Karmal, marking the beginning of the

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Agricultural production is the backbone of Afghanistan's economy and has traditionally dominated the economy, employing about 40% of the workforce as of 2018. The country is known for producing

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Hours after the final flight of American troops left Kabul on 30 August, a Taliban official interviewed said that a new government would likely be announced as early as Friday 3 September after

3479:. Attempts were made, often with the support of foreign donor countries, to improve the country's economy, healthcare, education, transport, and agriculture. ISAF forces also began to train the 18300: 17969: 17257: 14507: 7402:

The nation has a complex history that has survived either in its current cultures or in the form of various languages and monuments. Afghanistan contains many remnants from all ages, including

20037: 20000: 19625: 17603: 6123:, completed in 1964, which facilitates travel through the Hindu Kush mountain range and connects northern and southern Afghanistan. It is the only land route that connects Central Asia to the 1389:", is a Persian suffix meaning "place of". Therefore, "Afghanistan" translates to "land of the Afghans", or "land of the Pashtuns" in a historical sense. According to the third edition of the 18331: 17856: 17897: 14665: 20316: 17526: 15586: 11753: 9672: 5553:

seeing signs of revival. This has also been followed by stable exchange rates, low inflation, stable revenue collection, and the rise of trade in exports. In the third quarter of 2023, the

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Afghanistan is located in Southern-Central Asia. The region centered at Afghanistan is considered the "crossroads of Asia", and the country has had the nickname Heart of Asia. The renowned

22848: 7764:, who synthesized many genres and continues to be renowned for his voice and rich lyrics long after his death in 1979. Other notable masters of traditional or popular Afghan music include 5619:. In November 2023, a U.N report showed that in the entirety of Afghanistan, poppy cultivation dropped by over 95%, removing it from its place as being the world's largest opium producer. 25173: 18268: 17470: 17687: 14937: 4958:

On 16 September 2024, the Taliban suspended polio vaccination campaigns in Afghanistan, as reported by the United Nations, posing a significant risk to global polio eradication efforts.

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Valley, which includes lakes, canyons and historical sites, helped by the fact it is in a safe area away from insurgent activity. Smaller numbers visit and trek in regions such as the

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GUTMAN, Roy (2008): How We Missed the Story: Osama bin Laden, the Taliban and the Hijacking of Afghanistan, Endowment of the United States Institute of Peace, 1st ed., Washington D.C.

4691:, adopting a new constitution, or to settle national or regional issue such as war. Loya jirgas have been held since at least 1747, with the most recent one occurring in August 2020. 9920:"The name Afghan has evidently been derived from Asvakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian... " (Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180. See also: Alexander's Invasion of India, p 38; J.W. McCrindle). 8665: 27717: 22688: 19799: 14839: 10825:

The two most important deities are goddesses: one is the lady Nana', daughter of the moon god and sister of the sun god, the Kushan form of Anahita, Zoroastrian goddess of fertility

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It opens a new chapter in the friendship of the two countries... This is the second-largest hospital built with your support that will serve the needy," Feroz told the gathering.

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that came into being in 1160 / 1747 was not called Afghanistan in its own day. The name became a state designation only during the colonial intervention of the nineteenth century.

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films respectively. English is also understood by some of the population, and has been gaining popularity as of the 2000s. Some Afghans retain some ability in Russian, which was

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government as the legitimate authorities of Afghanistan, with the U.N adding that recognition was impossible so long as restrictions on female education and employment remained.

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sent thousands of military advisers to support the PDPA regime. Meanwhile, there was increasingly hostile friction between the competing factions of the PDPA – the dominant

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country's violence, 53 percent, than blame the United States, 12 percent. The latter is about half what it was in 2012, coinciding with a sharp reduction in the U.S. deployment.

8586: 7523:, north of Kabul, is in particular a major center, known for its unique turquoise and green pottery, and their methods of crafting have remained the same for centuries. Much of 4164:

The geography in Afghanistan is varied, but is mostly mountainous and rugged, with some unusual mountain ridges accompanied by plateaus and river basins. It is dominated by the

23323: 15642: 14467: 14145: 9211: 26598: 13916: 6244:, western Afghanistan, intended for both freight and passengers, was under construction as of 2019. About 125 kilometres (78 mi) of the line will lie on the Afghan side. 19824: 15358: 15328: 11526: 2744:, and his decisive defeat saw the end of the Second Anglo-Afghan War, with Abdur Rahman secured firmly as Amir. In 1893, Abdur Rahman signed an agreement in which the ethnic 1814:, Christianity, and Judaism. An exemplification of the syncretism in the region would be that people were patrons of Buddhism but still worshipped local Iranian gods such as 20977: 13762: 10769:

At the time of the first Muslim advances, numerous local natural religions were competing with Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, and Hinduism in the territory of modern Afghanistan.

9142:"Letter dated 25 May 2022 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1988 (2011) addressed to the President of the Security Council" 2562:. By this time the British were advancing from the east, capitalizing off of the decline of the Sikh Empire after it had its own period of turbulence following the death of 21497: 18153: 16538: 15057: 15027: 14574: 14491: 11914: 11241:

In pre-Islamic and early Islamic times, the term "Khurassan" frequently had a much wider denotation, covering also parts of what are now Soviet Central Asia and Afghanistan

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and association football are the two most popular sports in the country. The Afghan Sports Federation promotes cricket, association football, basketball, volleyball, golf,

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linguistic data prove the presence of the Zoroastrian tradition in Arachosia both in the Achaemenian age, in the last quarter of the 6th century, and in the Seleucid age.

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In a report by CNN-News18, sources said the new government was going to be governed similarly to Iran with Hibatullah Akhundzada as supreme leader similar to the role of

26245: 19590: 18237: 14108: 18062: 14695: 13713: 13205: 12971: 10441: 3301:. During their rule, the Taliban and their allies committed massacres against Afghan civilians, denied UN food supplies to starving civilians and conducted a policy of 24686: 22729: 16994: 15664: 14633: 6335:

As estimated by the CIA World Factbook, 26% of the population was urbanized as of 2020. This is one of the lowest figures in the world; in Asia it is only higher than

6307:, most of whom were born and raised in those two countries. As of 2013, Afghanistan was the largest refugee-producing country in the world, a title held for 32 years. 22024: 21677: 15472: 15087: 12787: 26591: 17042: 15110: 14229: 8979: 7816:, originating from 1925, is the state public broadcaster. Television programs began airing in the 1970s and today there are many private television channels such as 6127:. Several mountain passes allow travel between the Hindu Kush in other areas. Serious traffic accidents are common on Afghan roads and highways, particularly on the 5845:

of power, but still imports the majority of electricity via transmission lines from Iran and the Central Asian states. The majority of electricity production is via

5445:(AFN) is the national currency, with an exchange rate of about 75 Afghanis to 1 US dollar. A number of local and foreign banks operate in the country, including the 22053: 19656: 17634: 14003: 13696: 13124: 13055: 8952: 7148:

rate is also high in Afghanistan due to the decades of war. It was reported recently that about 80,000 people are missing limbs. Non-governmental charities such as

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in southern Afghanistan was reduced by over 80% as a result of Taliban campaigns to stop its use toward opium. This included a 99% reduction of opium growth in the

3699:

nationals back to Afghanistan. Taliban authorities condemned the deportations of Afghans as an "inhuman act". Afghanistan faced a humanitarian crisis in late 2023.

2772:

by Abdur Rahman Khan in 1891–1896. He was known as the "Iron Amir" for his features and his ruthless methods against tribes. He died in 1901, succeeded by his son,

14905: 8761: 4373:, where the average temperature in January is below −15 °C (5 °F) and can reach −26 °C (−15 °F), and hot summers in the low-lying areas of the 1726:

in the 7th century. The Buddhist Turk Shahi of Kabul was replaced by a Hindu dynasty before the Saffarids conquered the area in 870, this Hindu dynasty was called

12946: 11323:"A Literary History of Persia, Volume 4: Modern Times (1500–1924), Chapter IV. An Outline of the History Of Persia During The Last Two Centuries (A.D. 1722–1922)" 5841:, 98% of the rural population have access to electricity in 2018, up from 28% in 2008. Overall the figure stands at 98.7%. As of 2016, Afghanistan produces 1,400 26293: 21606: 20274:"Iran-Afghanistan railway networks through Khaf-Herat Railroad will be completed in the next few months," Yazdani said, according to Mehr news agency on 3 August 15406: 14779: 14082: 6401: 22867: 18120: 17020: 4859:

may, if correctly applied, be workable as the basis for the new religious state as their objections to the former government were political, and not religious.

2962:, and increased education. Road links in the north played a large part in a growing cotton and textile industry. The country built close relationships with the 23405: 23093: 17728: 14318: 9089: 8739: 23212: 20204: 16560: 15900: 13802: 13603: 7170: 6112:

Due to Afghanistan's geography, transport between various parts of the country has historically been difficult. The backbone of Afghanistan's road network is

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of consumption. This means they use just under double as much biocapacity as Afghanistan contains. As a result, Afghanistan is running a biocapacity deficit.

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are becoming popular again, allowing many carpet dealers around the country to hire more workers; in 2016–17 it was the fourth most exported group of items.

3365: By 2000, the Northern Alliance only controlled 10% of territory, cornered in the northeast. On 9 September 2001, Massoud was assassinated by two Arab 21330: 20290: 19114: 17287: 13315: 5385:

In May 2022, the Taliban dissolved Afghanistan's Human Rights Commission along with four other government departments, citing the country's budget deficit.

27321: 22398: 20532: 20235: 19232: 19172: 12608: 9654: 6236:, which is planned to be extended further across Afghanistan. These lines are used for freight only and there is no passenger service. A rail line between 4078:

Asia is a body of water and earth, of which the Afghan nation is the heart. From its discord, the discord of Asia; and from its accord, the accord of Asia.

17571: 16046: 11869: 9548: 3597:, at least 212,191 people were killed in the conflict. Though the state of war in the country ended in 2021, armed conflict persists in some regions amid 3527:(ANSF); following the signing of the deal, the US dramatically reduced the number of air attacks and deprived the ANSF of a critical edge in fighting the 27752: 27747: 24408: 19323: 18820: 18387: 18353: 14606: 8880: 5371: 4749: 4086:. It is slightly bigger than France and smaller than Myanmar, and about the size of Texas in the United States. There is no coastline, as Afghanistan is 2336:. Zaman Shah would defeat Humayun and force the loyalty of Mahmud Shah Durrani. Securing his position on the throne, Zaman Shah led three campaigns into 19202:(Technical report). USGS-Afghanistan Ministry of Mines & Industry Joint Oil & Gas Resource Assessment Team. Fact Sheet 2006–3031. Archived from 17701: 11322: 7794:

is the national dance of Afghanistan, a group dance popularly performed by Afghans of all backgrounds. The dance is considered part of Afghan identity.

27732: 21706: 21401: 18203: 16392: 14411: 14348: 13839: 8219: 5289: 5263: 3550: 2124:. The Abdalis had "unanimously accepted" Ahmad Shah as their new leader. With his ascension in 1747, Ahmad Shah had led multiple campaigns against the 23353: 19682: 18290: 17959: 14517: 10532: 10163: 9032:

In the Taliban's totalitarian Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, there is no meaningful political inclusivity or representation for Hazaras at any level.

9009: 8364:, however its role is in question as the supreme leader has not convened it for many months (as of March 2023), and increasingly rules by decree. 26384: 26379: 26288: 26273: 23434: 22321: 19996: 19633: 19283:

Rare Earth Element Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Preliminary Resource Assessment of the Khanneshin Carbonatite Complex, Helmand Province, Afghanistan

17593: 17414: 9778: 5231: 2235:, presenting it as an Afghan victory for this campaign. From 1749 to 1767, Ahmad Shah led six more invasions, the most important being the last; the 226: 21897: 18768: 18413: 18323: 17846: 12228: 11050: 10741:

The Jews of Afghanistan According to tradition, the first Jews reached ... in Hebrew script found in the Tang - e Azao Valley in the Ghor region ...

10061: 9442: 2246: 26614: 26374: 26369: 26364: 26359: 26354: 25497: 22531:

American Myths, Legends, and Tall Tales: An Encyclopedia of American Folklore [3 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of American Folklore (3 Volumes)

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in Kabul as well as in much of the northern and northwestern parts of the country. Native speakers of Dari, of any ethnicity, are sometimes called

5862: 4700: 3540: 2856:. He moved to end his country's traditional isolation by establishing diplomatic relations with the international community, particularly with the 1283: 795: 20764: 20312: 17519: 15582: 13793:"A Nation challenged: The attack; U.S. and Britain strike Afghanistan, aiming at bases and terrorist camps; Bush warns 'Taliban will pay a price'" 11781: 9668: 6299:, 71.4% live in rural areas, and the remaining 4.7% are nomadic. An additional 3 million or so Afghans are temporarily housed in neighboring 5346:. However, an ancient tradition involving male homosexual acts between children and older men (typically wealthy warlords or elite people) called 4291:. As reported in 2010, the state needs more than US$ 2 billion to rehabilitate its irrigation systems so that the water is properly managed. 4184:

in Afghanistan's far north-east. Most of the highest points are in the east consisting of fertile mountain valleys, often considered part of the "

3487:

were repatriated. The number of NATO troops present in Afghanistan peaked at 140,000 in 2011, dropping to about 16,000 in 2018. In September 2014

27326: 26283: 26238: 26148: 22171: 21171: 19921: 19532: 19014: 18636: 17454: 15612: 13662: 11352: 8253:

but won an international football trophy in 2013. The country also has a national team in the sport of futsal, a 5-a-side variation of football.

8172: 7996:

celebration in present-day Iran, and with which it shares the annual celebration along with several other countries. It occurs every year at the

5718:, 440 billion m (15.7 trillion cu ft) of natural gas, and 67 billion L (562 million US bbl) of 4913:. The government's ministries and agencies will be under a cabinet presided over by the Prime Minister. The Supreme Leader would preside over an 4389:

in the north, where temperatures average over 35 °C (95 °F) in July and can go over 43 °C (109 °F). The country is generally

3505:

concluded that 106,000–170,000 civilians had been killed as a result of the fighting in Afghanistan at the hands of all parties to the conflict.

3004:, leading to highly tense relations with Pakistan. Daoud Khan pressed for social modernization reforms and sought a closer relationship with the 2519: 245: 18963:"When the Water Runs Dry: What is to be done with the 1.5 million settlers in the deserts of southwest Afghanistan when their livelihoods fail?" 18260: 13537: 13500: 2047:, the Georgian governor of Kandahar under the Safavids, and established his own kingdom. Mirwais died in 1715, and was succeeded by his brother 26878: 25971: 25180: 24119: 23383: 21029: 19943: 18545: 17683: 16344: 16200: 14929: 4196:; these two regions consist of rolling grasslands and semi-deserts, and hot windy deserts, respectively. Forests exist in the corridor between 3290: 3235: 1244: 703: 27: 21733: 20923: 20728: 20491: 19554: 15835: 9472: 9048: 5772:

iron ore deposit in central Afghanistan. Government officials estimate that 30% of the country's untapped mineral deposits are worth at least

1667:

appeared during the first century BCE, and Afghanistan flourished with trade, with routes to China, India, Persia, and north to the cities of

26888: 26278: 22834: 20585: 19361: 15941: 15735: 15695: 13977: 12817: 4932:

As of early September 2021 the Taliban were planning the cabinet to be men-only. Journalists and other human rights activists, mostly women,

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and other big cats populate the mountain forest region of the east. In the semi-desert northern plains, wildlife include a variety of birds,

1079: 22794: 22510: 18573: 17793: 14882: 14717: 12743: 11288: 10906: 9859: 8973:

The Taliban government currently installed in Afghanistan is not simply another dictatorship. By all standards, it is a totalitarian regime.

5917:

Valley, which is also one of the world's most remote communities. From the late 1960s onwards, Afghanistan was a popular stop on the famous

4334:

struck near the border with Pakistan, killing at least 1,150 people and sparking fears of a major humanitarian crisis. On 7 October 2023, a

27727: 27530: 27357: 27311: 25568: 23950: 21856: 20111: 19767: 15442: 10872: 10837: 8655: 7091: 6213: 4945: 2452: 1786:

in 642 CE and began spreading eastward; some of the native inhabitants they encountered accepted it while others revolted. Before the

907: 23241: 22696: 21091: 20871: 19398: 18436: 13024: 9420: 7206:

to those seeking refuge, and revenge for the shedding of blood. The Pashtuns are largely connected to the culture of Central Asia and the

5684:, natural gas, and petroleum. In 2010, US and Afghan government officials estimated that untapped mineral deposits located in 2007 by the 27560: 24677: 23523: 20426: 19719: 18914: 18658: 18023: 17134: 17104: 16074: 15867: 14433: 11270: 10510: 10135: 9837: 8921: 8817: 8215: 7964:

of Afghanistan. The nation's culinary specialties reflect its ethnic and geographic diversity. Afghanistan is known for its high-quality

6394: 3667:

Western nations suspended most of their humanitarian aid to Afghanistan following the Taliban's August 2021 takeover of the country; the

3146: 3093: 3077: 20841: 20821: 20609:"Is recent Afghanistan survey data suitable for fertility analysis? A regional investigation based on fertility inhibiting determinants" 19737: 17195: 16422: 15990: 13627: 11797: 8855: 7442:. As there was no colonialism in the modern era in Afghanistan, European-style architecture is rare but does exist: the Victory Arch at 5534:. In 2018, a majority of imports come from either Iran, China, Pakistan and Kazakhstan, while 84% of exports are to Pakistan and India. 27065: 26893: 26231: 26174: 21258: 15380: 14989: 14534: 14371: 9571: 6958: 6942: 4871: 4236: 4083: 3624: 1465: 759: 19339: 18609: 16314: 13176: 12535: 9734: 8568: 6907:

are also found in certain major cities (namely Kabul, Jalalabad, Ghazni, Kandahar) accompanied by gurdwaras and mandirs. According to

5921:, attracting many Europeans and Americans. Coming from Iran, the trail traveled through various Afghan provinces and cities including 2802:. They called on Afghanistan to declare full independence from the United Kingdom, join them and attack British India, as part of the 26212: 26197: 25512: 24109: 23331: 21760: 21064: 16740: 16457: 15755: 15634: 14464: 9203: 5420: 5209: 3650: 3341: 3149:. The situation in the country deteriorated under Amin, and thousands of people went missing. Displeased with Amin's government, the 1911: 1117: 22648: 20141: 19281: 18746: 17492: 13947: 13908: 13886: 13245: 10667: 9171:"Afghanistan dispatch: Taliban leaders issue new orders on law-making process, enforcement of court orders from previous government" 8541: 5764:

for $ 3 billion, making it the biggest foreign investment and private business venture in Afghanistan's history. The state-run

4574:. Afghanistan has a wide variety of birds despite its relatively arid climate – an estimated 460 species of which 235 breed within. 3664:. The United Nations did not recognize the previous Taliban government and chose to work with the then government-in-exile instead. 1997:

ruled parts of the territory. During the medieval period, the northwestern area of Afghanistan was referred to by the regional name

1121: 23901: 22303: 20906: 19855: 15350: 15320: 12475: 10385: 6985: 6255:

or horses to transport or carry goods. Camels are primarily used by the Kochi nomads. Bicycles are popular throughout Afghanistan.

6023:

Greek and early Islamic antiquities; the museum suffered greatly by civil war but has been slowly restoring since the early 2000s.

5423:

is $ 2,459 (PPP) and $ 611 by nominal. Despite having $ 1 trillion or more in mineral deposits, it remains one of the world's

5251: 4990: 3571: 2365:. Mahmud Shah Durrani defeated Shah Shuja and forced him to flee, usurping the throne again. His second reign began on 3 May 1809. 1538:

After 2000 BCE successive waves of semi-nomadic people from Central Asia began moving south into Afghanistan; among them were many

25781: 23919: 23185: 22612: 22581: 21827: 20971: 19103: 18794: 16805:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material" 15966:

Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange Within and Beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia

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It was reported in 2006 that nearly 60% of the Afghan population lives within a two-hour walk of the nearest health facility. The

2227:, where he was defeated and forced to retreat back to Afghanistan. He returned the next year in 1749 and captured the area around 1926:. The destruction caused by the Mongols forced many locals to return to an agrarian rural society. Mongol rule continued with the 27583: 27060: 26992: 26068: 26013: 25871: 25089: 24966: 24094: 22559: 18143: 16526: 16286: 15049: 15019: 14566: 14499: 13094: 11906: 9338: 8797: 7107: 6119:

The Ring Road is crucially important for domestic and international trade and the economy. A key portion of the Ring Road is the

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flows in an easterly direction to the Indus ending at the Indian Ocean. Afghanistan receives heavy snow during the winter in the

4259:

from the central region southwards. To the south and west of the Hindu Kush flow a number of streams that are tributaries of the

3643: 3440: 2717: 1205: 660: 21972: 21800: 21281: 21140: 20338: 20167: 19873: 18683: 16016: 15290: 15202: 14198: 9387: 9106: 6007:

in the western city of Herat has been renovated in recent years and is a popular attraction. In the north of the country is the

2810:

eventually assumed power. A staunch supporter of the 1915–1916 expeditions, Amanullah Khan invaded British India, beginning the

26898: 22930: 20807: 19194: 19062: 18085: 16956: 16495: 15779: 14112: 14086: 12870: 11553: 8706: 7863:) have also been represented in some Bollywood films by actors. Many Bollywood film stars have roots in Afghanistan, including 6387: 4606: 3059: 2919: 2725: 2165: 19510: 18853: 18229: 17365: 15828:"Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings" 15154: 12902: 11013: 6327:

has been estimated at 4.4. In 2022 it was 4.5, about twice the world average rate. The rate has fallen since the early 1980s.

4941: 4895: 4706: 1058:. Occupying 652,864 square kilometers (252,072 sq mi) of land, the country is predominantly mountainous with plains 27594: 27475: 26903: 24124: 23863: 23842: 23821: 23800: 23777: 23753: 23732: 23711: 23690: 23668: 23647: 23607: 23585: 23564: 23543: 23470: 23058: 23029: 22978: 22900: 22774: 22269: 21702: 20710: 20666: 20066: 18054: 17431: 17413:{{cite news|title=Taliban have suspended polio vaccination campaigns in Afghanistan, the UN says|date=16 September 2024 |url= 16102: 14687: 14178: 13576: 13484: 13360: 13271: 13198: 13005: 12963: 12719: 12645: 12518: 12407: 12382: 12291: 12264: 11833: 11736: 11697: 11670: 11456: 11264: 10964: 10818: 10790: 10734: 10704: 10677: 10646: 10600: 10575: 10433: 10271: 10005: 9381: 7965: 7809: 7343:, a full body covering. These were worn by some women of the Pashtun community well before Islam came to the region, but the 7122: 6028: 5581: 5404: 4605:. The colder high elevation regions are composed of hardy grasses and small flowering plants. Several regions are designated 3400: 2616: 2212: 1248: 23897: 22721: 19973: 17660: 16990: 16903: 15560: 14629: 13407: 11228: 10212: 8768: 7229:

Afghans, particularly Pashtuns, are noted for their tribal solidarity and high regard for personal honor. There are various

6928:, who number 500–8,000, practice their faith secretly due to intense societal opposition, and there are no public churches. 2463:

tribe rebelled, and a civil war brewed. During this turbulent period, Afghanistan fractured into many states, including the

1590:

in modern-day southern Afghanistan, used to be primarily Zoroastrian and played a key role in the transfer of the Avesta to

27677: 26078: 25943: 25492: 25474: 23301: 23138: 22157: 21669: 20546: 18519: 16930: 15529: 15464: 15127: 15079: 14483: 12791: 12189: 12150: 11419: 9342: 8191: 8160: 7126: 7095: 6247:

Private vehicle ownership has increased substantially since the early 2000s. Taxis are yellow and consist of both cars and

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to regain control. Afghanistan remained one of the poorest countries in the world because of a lack of foreign investment,

115: 25758: 18180: 17763: 17343: 16877: 16659: 15236: 15180: 14281: 14255: 14221: 10363: 5963:

city have in recent years been voted Islamic Cultural Capital and South Asia Cultural Capital respectively. The cities of

27449: 25733: 25728: 24225: 22131: 22049: 21643: 21378: 19660: 19424: 18728: 18001: 17626: 15506: 14914: 13999: 13693: 13643: 13131: 13062: 12111: 11194: 10392: 8626: 8061:

and the country's full independence. Several international celebrations are also officially held in Afghanistan, such as

7851:

songs. It has been claimed that Afghanistan is among the biggest markets for the Hindi film industry. The stereotypes of

7110:

plans to cut the infant mortality rate to 400 for every 100,000 live births before 2020. The country has more than 3,000

6962: 6954: 5714:(USGS) estimated in 2006 that northern Afghanistan has an average 460 million m (2.9 billion bbl) of 5466: 5238:, Pakistan, and Qatar. Under the previous Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, it enjoyed cordial relations with a number of 4335: 4205: 3355: 3312: 3168: 1511:

have been found in Afghanistan. Urban civilization is believed to have begun as early as 3000 BCE, and the early city of

1287: 1031: 20692: 20607:

Nasir, Jamal Abdul; Akhtar, Sohail; Zaidi, Syed Arif Ahmed; Rani, Andleeb; Bano, Hina; Hinde, Andrew (16 October 2019).

20261: 19899: 14056: 6744:

is very common. Dari, which is also referred to as Eastern Persian as it is a variety of and mutually intelligible with

5584:, grapes, apricots, melons, and several other fresh and dry fruits. Afghanistan also became the world's top producer of 5358:

Since May 2022, all women in Afghanistan have been required by law to wear full-body coverings when in public (either a

27712: 27306: 27017: 25966: 25881: 25530: 24220: 24129: 24099: 21614: 15974: 12444: 10206: 8230: 8176: 7370:

is another traditional hat originating from the far east of the country; it was popularly worn by the guerrilla leader

6977: 6915: 5220: 4127: 3692: 3598: 3492: 3382: 3199: 3141:

In October 1979 PDPA General Secretary Taraki was assassinated in an internal coup orchestrated by then-prime minister

3089: 3045: 1256: 1236: 1220: 1129: 675: 26073: 23111: 22995: 22423: 22285: 10085: 9002:

As with any other ideological movement, the Taliban's Islamic government is transformative and totalitarian in nature.

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invaded the country in December 1979, heading for Kabul and killing Amin. A Soviet-organized regime, led by Parcham's

2055:

for possibly planning to sign a peace with the Safavids. Mahmud led the Afghan army in 1722 to the Persian capital of

27525: 27209: 26254: 26164: 25811: 25446: 24498: 24428: 24383: 24167: 23500: 22539: 22101: 20955: 20402: 18492: 18112: 17081: 17016: 16786: 16724: 16692: 16173: 16146: 15935: 15268: 14304: 12602: 12357: 12222: 12183: 12144: 12027: 11965: 11429: 11204: 10762: 10504: 10055: 9612: 8849: 8361: 6841: 5531: 5523: 5325: 5255: 4776: 2992:, became prime minister in 1946 and experimented with allowing greater political freedom. He was replaced in 1953 by 2799: 2665: 2390: 2091: 1047: 1039: 25786: 22871: 15719: 10284: 9075: 8735: 8218:

serves as the nation's main cricket stadium. There are several other stadiums throughout the country, including the

5780:, which is currently viewed as the country with the largest lithium reserves. Other larger deposits are the ones of 27682: 27500: 27444: 27439: 27392: 27377: 27362: 26135: 25931: 25748: 25367: 25197: 24413: 24373: 24235: 24084: 23943: 21121: 20196: 16267: 15890: 13718: 12771: 11728:

History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast: from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century

11117: 10724: 8096: 7079: 5259: 5247: 5203: 4926: 4856: 4753: 4626: 4331: 3231: 3227: 3053: 3009: 2896: 2696: 2636: 2402: 22949: 21347: 21220: 19479:"Ecological Footprint Accounting for Countries: Updates and Results of the National Footprint Accounts, 2012–2018" 17920: 17415:

https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/taliban-suspended-polio-vaccination-campaigns-afghanistan-113720519

16050: 12848: 12312: 10463: 7434:. However, many of its historic monuments have been damaged in modern times due to the civil wars. The two famous 4350: 3593:, 176,000 people were killed in the conflict, including 46,319 civilians, between 2001 and 2021. According to the 3475:

The Afghan government was able to build some democratic structures, adopting a constitution in 2004 with the name

401: 27316: 27070: 26192: 26123: 26103: 25908: 25861: 25836: 24670: 24488: 24267: 24210: 24162: 24134: 24019: 24014: 22407: 21587: 20785: 20577: 20286: 20227: 19966:"Connecting Afghanistan: The rise of technology in governance and society – The Embassy of Afghanistan in London" 19228: 13823: 10496:

Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7Th-11th Centuries

9148: 9085: 8246: 7837: 7824:. The first Afghan newspaper was published in 1873, and there are hundreds of print outlets today. By the 1920s, 7622:

Three mystical authors are considered true national glories (although claimed with equal ardor by Iran), namely:

6178: 6092: 5824: 5711: 5435:. The service sector contributed the most to the GDP (55.9%) followed by agriculture (23%) and industry (21.1%). 5343: 5338:

in Afghan society; according to the Penal Code, homosexual intimacy is punished by up to a year in prison. Under

5293: 5235: 5216: 4986:, each of which normally covers a city or several villages. Each district is represented by a district governor. 4655: 4099: 3524: 3480: 3476: 3386: 3325: 2895:

for women and the opening of co-educational schools, alienated many tribal and religious leaders, leading to the

2769: 2733: 2680: 1787: 1747: 1743: 1546:. These tribes later migrated further into South Asia, Western Asia, and toward Europe via the area north of the 1113: 717: 23075: 19572: 19168: 19142: 18835: 14967: 12592: 12043:

Nicosia, Francis R. (1997). "'Drang Nach Osten' Continued? Germany and Afghanistan during the Weimar Republic".

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and recapture it, incorporating it into the Durrani Empire once again, reintegrating it as a province until the

1294:, and child malnutrition. Afghanistan remains among the world's least developed countries, ranking 180th in the 27742: 27505: 27459: 27397: 27264: 25856: 25585: 25522: 25410: 25069: 23979: 23626: 19701: 18933: 17563: 14749: 14479: 13377: 11809: 11527:"The History Of Afghanistan Fayż Muḥammad Kātib Hazārah's Sirāj Al Tawārīkh By R. D. Mcchesney, M. M. Khorrami" 9538: 8028:; usually falling on 20 or 21 December), during which families gather together to recite poetry and eat fruit. 7548:

found in cave murals in the country. A notable art style that developed in Afghanistan and eastern Pakistan is

6989: 6973:. As of 2018 the literacy rate of the population age 15 and older is 43.02% (males 55.48% and females 29.81%). 6873:

The CIA estimated in 2009 that 99.7% of the Afghan population was Muslim and most are thought to adhere to the

6190: 6016: 5446: 2912: 1900: 1459: 1224: 1085: 20443: 19315: 19254: 18379: 18357: 14596: 7948:

and rice. Accompanying these staples are native fruits and vegetables as well as dairy products such as milk,

6691: 4149: 2888:, was an important figure during this period in the fight for woman's education and against their oppression. 2699:

and ruled Afghanistan until his death in 1879. In his final years, the British returned to Afghanistan in the

1302:

and $ 20.1 billion by nominal values. Per capita, its GDP is among the lowest of any country as of 2020.

27707: 27540: 27183: 26908: 25776: 25166: 24473: 24393: 24388: 24230: 24215: 24089: 22674: 22630: 21449: 21193: 17705: 14403: 14340: 13622: 11330: 9141: 8168: 8062: 7242: 6494: 6429: 6096: 6044: 4994: 4883: 4828: 4797: 4728: 4319: 4280: 4188:". The Hindu Kush ends at the west-central highlands, creating plains in the north and southwest, namely the 3594: 3461: 3432: 2985: 2263:

Ahmad Shah Durrani died in October 1772, and a civil war over succession followed, with his named successor,

982: 608: 467: 450: 184: 21405: 20510: 19455: 10781:

Adrych, Philippa; coins), Robert Bracey (Writer on; Dalglish, Dominic; Lenk, Stefanie; Wood, Rachel (2017).

2708:

declared the new Amir, leading to Britain gaining control of Afghanistan's foreign relations as part of the

2288:. Timur Shah fought multiple series of rebellions to consolidate the empire, and he also led campaigns into 1201: 666: 27762: 27515: 27407: 26583: 26118: 25894: 25851: 25469: 25375: 25073: 24440: 24435: 24398: 24262: 24114: 23911: 23424: 18949:

Do not destroy the fields, but make the fields dry out.... We are committed to fulfilling the opium decree.

18613: 17043:"Afghanistan's Hekmatyar says heading for Doha with Karzai, Abdullah Abdullah to meet Taliban – Al Jazeera" 15803: 13180: 11326: 10914: 10880: 10845: 10542: 9019: 9014: 8187: 8066: 7813: 7415: 7291:). Men would typically work on the fields, joined by women during harvest. About 15% of the population are 7230: 7075: 6862: 6676: 5811:, with extractions based on gold, iron, lead, and zinc in the provinces of Herat, Ghor, Logar, and Takhar. 3257: 1751: 1055: 690: 487: 370: 20: 11040: 9967:, and this reappears scarcely modified in the Assakani or Assakeni of the historians of the expedition of 9757: 7245:

is prevalent; the legal age for marriage is 16. The most preferred marriage in Afghan society is to one's

3293:. The Taliban were condemned internationally for the harsh enforcement of their interpretation of Islamic 27575: 27454: 27219: 26985: 26627: 26207: 25554: 25454: 24617: 24564: 24418: 24254: 24205: 23936: 23891: 23517: 23047: 22348:"Rug Weavers and Bride Prices in the Northwest: Still expensive in spite of government and Taleban rules" 20550: 18409: 17165: 16254: 13289: 11396: 9450: 9279: 8058: 7389: 6992:

at West Point, was a four-year military development institution dedicated to graduating officers for the

6969:

had stated that construction of 8,000 schools is required for the remaining children who are deprived of

6268: 6194: 6186: 5313: 4982:). Each province has a governor and a capital. The country is further divided into nearly 400 provincial 4522:

is a native breed of dog known for its fast speed and its long hair; it is relatively known in the west.

3672: 3340:, later joined by others, to resist the Taliban. Dostum's forces were defeated by the Taliban during the 3123: 2877: 2837: 2803: 2531: 1075: 1023: 777: 23163: 22437: 21548: 20875: 20369: 17816: 15827: 15736:"Maps Showing Geology, Oil and Gas Fields and Geological Provinces of South Asia (Includes Afghanistan)" 14810:"An anti-Taliban front forming in Panjshir? Ex top spy Saleh, son of 'Lion of Panjshir' meet at citadel" 14025: 13856: 13672: 9803: 9694: 8607: 5588:

in 2010. In March 2023, however, cannabis production was banned by a decree from Hibatullah Akhundzada.

3679:

in October 2021. Human Rights Watch reported on 11 November 2021 that Afghanistan was facing widespread

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and was influential in social change. During this time female artists also started appearing, at first

6128: 5988: 5321: 3497: 3298: 3203: 2872:. He introduced several reforms intended to modernize his nation. A key force behind these reforms was 2645: 1756: 1407:) can be traced to the early eighth/fourteenth century, when it designated the easternmost part of the 940: 25122:

Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in West Asia.

22179: 20461: 18644: 15862: 15608: 14930:"Human and Budgetary Costs to Date of the U.S. War in Afghanistan, 2001–2022 | Figures | Costs of War" 14840:"Afghan Vice President Saleh Declares Himself Caretaker President; Reaches Out To Leaders for Support" 13508: 11360: 27387: 27336: 27229: 25771: 25715: 25405: 23984: 21911: 21555: 19180: 19110: 18466: 18086:"Top Taliban leader makes more promises on women's rights but quips 'naughty women' should stay home" 17105:"Ousted Afghan President Ashraf Ghani resurfaces in UAE after fleeing Kabul, Emirati government says" 16189: 13545: 10607:

Gradually there emerged a fabulous syncretism between the Hellenistic world and the Buddhist universe

10173: 8692: 8211: 7968:, grapes, and sweet melons. Tea is a favorite drink among Afghans. A typical Afghan diet consists of 7876: 7451: 7218:. Some non-Pashtuns who live in proximity with Pashtuns have adopted Pashtunwali in a process called 6997: 6889: 5902: 5761: 5488: 5424: 4840: 3469: 2757: 2741: 2653: 1524: 1140:, among others, rose to form major empires. Because of the various conquests and periods in both the 23379: 20747: 18896: 16348: 6161:. Airlines from a number of countries also provide flights in and out of the country. These include 5940: 3586:, with resistance fighters retreating to the mountains. Clashes in the valley ceased mid-September. 1290:. Due to the effects of war in recent decades, the country has dealt with high levels of terrorism, 27697: 27607: 27331: 26063: 25988: 25635: 25415: 25400: 24544: 24513: 24334: 24193: 23595: 23112:"International Workers Day 2024: List of Countries that Celebrate Labor Day on 1st May, Check Here" 22325: 21737: 20487: 17630: 17228:"Taliban to Follow Iran Model in Afghanistan; Reclusive Hibatullah Akhundzada to be Supreme Leader" 15739: 15699: 15324: 14570: 11863:"The Raj Reconsidered: British India's Informal Empire and Spheres of Influence in Asia and Africa" 9479: 8113: 7118: 6950: 6937: 6680: 6434: 6132: 6086: 5765: 5016: 5012: 4983: 4971: 4967: 4820: 4564: 4103: 3708: 3033: 2673: 2649: 2600: 2523: 2464: 2424: 2386: 2224: 2068: 1807: 1097: 746: 206: 26:"Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan" redirects here. For the state that existed from 1996 to 2001, see 17785: 16438: 15925: 14871: 13969: 12813: 3118:

as the Pakistani government provided these rebels with covert training centers, the United States

2798:, when Afghanistan was neutral, Habibullah Khan was met by officials of the central powers in the 101: 27702: 27535: 26924: 25841: 25674: 25484: 25442: 25432: 25031: 24579: 24493: 24356: 24240: 24069: 24039: 23429: 22790: 21523:"UN is seeking to verify that Afghanistan's Taliban are letting girls study at religious schools" 20101: 14465:"Body Count – Casualty Figures after 10 Years of the 'War on Terror' – Iraq Afghanistan Pakistan" 13160: 13102: 11296: 10918: 10263: 9991: 9867: 8242: 8054: 7138: 7087: 6904: 6853: 6113: 5984: 5937:. Tourism peaked in 1977, the year before the start of political instability and armed conflict. 5462: 5416: 4925:. According to the report, the new government will take place within the framework of an amended 4808: 4667: 4638: 4411: 3608: 2700: 2632: 2628: 2534:. In 1837, Dost Mohammad Khan attempted to conquer Peshawar and sent a large force under his son 2236: 1982: 1539: 1299: 1295: 1185: 1074:

is the country's capital and largest city. According to the World Population review, as of 2023,

885: 819: 638: 623: 423: 23881: 21864: 20391:

Porter, Valerie; Alderson, Lawrence; Hall, Stephen J.G.; Phillip Sponenberg, D. (9 March 2016).

19775: 19429: 19390: 18444: 15438: 13032: 11295:. Vol. 6. Sir H. M. Elliot. London: Packard Humanities Institute. p. 8. Archived from 10884: 10849: 7410:

stupas, monasteries, monuments, temples and Islamic minarets. Among the most well known are the

6447: 4322:

area where earthquakes may occur almost every year. They can be deadly and destructive, causing

2876:, an ardent supporter of the education of women. He fought for Article 68 of Afghanistan's 1923 27635: 27570: 27490: 27037: 26978: 26939: 26041: 26036: 26023: 25978: 25846: 25420: 25385: 24610: 24603: 24527: 24503: 24456: 24403: 24079: 24074: 24064: 24049: 23971: 23963: 23237: 21099: 20419: 16244: 14512: 12088: 10141: 9412: 8914:

Afghanistan is now controlled by a militant group that operates out of a totalitarian ideology.

8813: 8311: 8269: 8207: 8203: 8199: 8164: 7895:, and a number of others. Several Bollywood films have been shot inside Afghanistan, including 7698: 7623: 7459: 7165: 7130: 6900: 6723: 6154: 6143: 5893: 5707: 5695: 5549: 5483:

One of the main drivers for the current economic recovery is the return of over 5 million

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Since the late 1970s, Afghanistan's history has been dominated by extensive warfare, including

1193: 1192:

in 1919, Afghanistan became free of foreign political hegemony, and emerged as the independent

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The lands of Afghanistan have a long history of art, with the world's earliest known usage of

6946:

UNESCO Institute of Statistics Afghanistan Literacy Rate among population aged 15+ (1980–2018)

6722:, each at 9%. A further 10 other ethnic groups are recognized and each are represented in the 5355:

Religious minorities such as Sikhs, Hindus, and Christians have reportedly faced persecution.

3178: and displaced about 6 million people who subsequently fled Afghanistan, mainly to 3161:. Lasting nine years, the war caused the deaths of between 562,000 and 2 million Afghans, 2918:

Mohammed Zahir Shah succeeded to the throne and reigned as king from 1933 to 1973. During the

2301:

in 1772 after Ahmad Shah's death. Following this victory, Timur Shah was able to lay siege to

2215:

during his reign, beginning in 1748. Crossing the Indus River, his armies sacked and absorbed

27645: 27565: 27402: 26716: 26711: 26706: 26701: 26696: 26691: 26686: 26681: 26676: 26671: 26666: 26661: 26656: 26651: 26646: 26641: 26098: 25958: 25921: 25904: 25803: 25696: 25425: 25390: 25063: 24574: 24559: 24483: 24478: 24329: 24104: 23763: 22091: 20849: 20392: 19922:"'A remarkable development': How Western tourism is on the rise in this controversial nation" 19745: 18148: 16776: 16714: 16682: 16163: 16134: 15994: 14535:"US withdrawal triggered catastrophic defeat of Afghan forces, damning watchdog report finds" 13617: 13184: 12690:

people by the combined forces of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and the Soviet Union.

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also halted their payments. More than half of Afghanistan's 39 million people faced an acute

3627: 3448: 3278: 3158: 3049: 2973: 2935: 2720:

however, re-started the conflict, and Yaqub Khan was deposed. During this tumultuous period,

2661: 2495: 2468: 2451:, installed many of his brothers in positions of power throughout the empire. Fateh Khan was 2378: 1819: 1391: 1232: 1125: 477: 457: 121: 23639:

Chasing Tales: Travel Writing, Journalism and the History of British Ideas About Afghanistan

22529: 22406: 22066:

In Afghanistan girls can marry at 16, or at 15 with permission from their father or a judge.

21770: 21346: 21248: 19347: 15913:, as Afghan President Ashraf Ghani has noted, Afghanistan is itself a Central Asian country. 15126: 14913: 12711: 11955: 9579: 8878:

Sakhi, Nilofar (December 2022). "The Taliban Takeover in Afghanistan and Security Paradox".

8330:

The last census in Afghanistan was conducted in 1979, and was itself incomplete. Due to the

6816:

When it comes to foreign languages among the populace, many are able to speak or understand

3285:

city that year, they conquered more territories until finally driving out the government of

27757: 27672: 27382: 27239: 27188: 27012: 26949: 26934: 25793: 25459: 25244: 24931: 24626: 24554: 24346: 24173: 24059: 21968: 20620: 20083: 19071: 16816: 16748: 16607: 16561:"Afghanistan: Earthquakes in Herat Province, Health Situation Report No. 12, November 2023" 16470: 16466: 16322: 15895: 12566: 9053: 8789: 8234: 8090: 7803: 7681: 7649: 7153: 7021: 6966: 6324: 6174: 6032: 6004: 5797: 5685: 5681: 5558: 5538: 5317: 5301: 5292:

captured a large amount of weapons, hardware, vehicles, aerocrafts, and equipment from the

4933: 4618: 4559: 3617: 3590: 3562: 3523:

was made in Qatar. The deal was one of the critical events that caused the collapse of the

3424: 3408: 3394: 2927: 2713: 2657: 2160:, however, he was forced to retreat after four months. In November 1750, he moved to siege 1889:. The Ghurids controlled Afghanistan for less than a century before being conquered by the 1624: 1252: 1093: 961: 945: 731: 390: 26223: 21068: 19290: 16590:

Beck, Hylke E.; Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; McVicar, Tim R.; Vergopolan, Noemi; Berg, Alexis;

15759: 15439:"Afghanistan Facing Famine: UN, World Bank, US Should Adjust Sanctions, Economic Policies" 7141:. In spite of all this, many Afghans travel to Pakistan and India for advanced treatment. 6101: 2001:, which was commonly used up to the 19th century among natives to describe their country. 8: 27617: 26143: 26113: 26090: 26058: 25889: 25826: 25689: 25679: 25535: 25297: 25008: 24549: 22652: 21907: 21037: 20576:

Wickramasekara, Piyasiri; Sehgal, Jag; Mehran, Farhad; Noroozi, Ladan; Eisazadeh, Saeid.

20133: 19805: 17496: 17174: 15756:"University of Washington Jackson School of International Studies: The South Asia Center" 14140: 13939: 13878: 13598: 13242: 9968: 9111: 8545: 8500: 7909: 7665: 7005: 6993: 6881: 6829: 6817: 6801: 6300: 6124: 6000: 5996: 5949: 5719: 5542: 5438: 5283: 5267: 5025: 4918: 4812: 4791: 4358: 4315: 4181: 3639: 3520: 3444: 3348:, began sending thousands of Pakistanis to help the Taliban defeat the Northern Alliance. 3333: 3286: 3244: 3207: 3179: 3097: 3081: 2993: 2977: 2959: 2908: 2904: 2865: 2841: 2829: 2705: 2684: 2456: 2444: 2325: 2205: 2161: 1955: 1947: 1923: 1890: 1628: 1620: 1311: 1197: 1105: 493: 107: 26008: 21450:"Taliban reverses decision, barring Afghan girls from attending school beyond 6th grade" 20624: 16820: 16611: 12706:

Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics, and the Rise of the Taliban

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for head covering; some women, typically from highly conservative communities, wear the

6714:, comprising 27% of the country's population. The other two major ethnic groups are the 3646: 2623:, a de facto puppet of the British. Following an uprising that saw the assassination of 2204:

to the Afghans, as well as accept Afghan sovereignty. Following this, Ahmad Shah sieged

1527:

stretched up towards modern-day Afghanistan. An Indus Valley site has been found on the

196: 27612: 27588: 27545: 27163: 27158: 27084: 25936: 25821: 25743: 25723: 25684: 24987: 24631: 24179: 24044: 23916: 23886: 22816: 22585: 22555: 22242: 21823: 21225: 20643: 20608: 18798: 16847: 16804: 16628: 16595: 16591: 16249: 13797: 13471:

Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics and the Rise of the Taliban

13098: 13028: 12913:, Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO), 12–13 February 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2018. 12666: 12558: 12068: 12060: 11998: 11773: 11662:

Afghanistan: A Military History from Alexander the Great to the War against the Taliban

11109: 11101: 10434:"'Afghanistan and the Silk Road: The land at the heart of world trade' by Bijan Omrani" 9370:

Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene

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rescinded and schools for older girls remained closed. Despite the ban, six provinces,

6769: 6568: 6166: 5753: 5726:(CNPC) for the development of three oil fields along the Amu Darya river in the north. 5653: 5504: 5374: 5304:. The total value of the captured equipment has been estimated at US$ 83 billion. 5175: 5130: 4887: 4879: 4743: 4139: 4119: 3656:

to formally claim Afghanistan's seat as a member state for their official spokesman in

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and provide basic security. By this time, after two decades of war as well as an acute

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began his rise to power, becoming an eligible candidate to become Amir after he seized

2709: 2688: 2669: 2624: 2612: 2611:, but surrendered following his victory. He was replaced with the former Durrani ruler 2527: 2515: 2507: 2484: 2420: 2374: 2354: 2317: 2310: 2264: 2251: 2201: 2117: 2111: 2095: 2060: 1986: 1656: 1575: 1432: 1317: 1157: 1089: 617: 602: 21285: 16279: 9368: 8793: 7480: 7070: 6484: 2732:, and was declared Amir, being recognized by the British as well. Another uprising by 1180:. From India, the British attempted to subjugate Afghanistan but were repelled in the 1152:, Buddhism, Hinduism, and later Islam. The modern state of Afghanistan began with the 27692: 27601: 27550: 27234: 27075: 26944: 26731: 26726: 26721: 26108: 26031: 25753: 25738: 25380: 25347: 25141: 24766: 24655: 24029: 23859: 23838: 23817: 23796: 23773: 23749: 23728: 23707: 23686: 23664: 23643: 23622: 23603: 23581: 23560: 23539: 23496: 23466: 23054: 23025: 23000: 22974: 22770: 22535: 22459: 22265: 22234: 22203: 22097: 21964: 21915: 21792: 21338: 20951: 20648: 20526: 20398: 20346: 20163: 20062: 19203: 19075: 17928: 17889: 17462: 16852: 16834: 16782: 16720: 16688: 16633: 16503: 16169: 16142: 16098: 16024: 15970: 15931: 15118: 14194: 14174: 13572: 13480: 13469: 13356: 13294: 13267: 13001: 12715: 12704: 12641: 12598: 12514: 12440: 12403: 12378: 12353: 12287: 12260: 12218: 12179: 12140: 12072: 12023: 12002: 11961: 11829: 11805: 11732: 11693: 11666: 11452: 11425: 11260: 11200: 11113: 11093: 10814: 10786: 10758: 10730: 10700: 10673: 10642: 10596: 10571: 10500: 10267: 10233:

Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark (1998). Ancient cities of the Indus Valley Civilisation. pp.96

10202: 10102: 10094: 10051: 10001: 9648: 9608: 9377: 8909: 8897: 8845: 8578: 8214:(ACB) is the official governing body of the sport and is headquartered in Kabul. The 8180: 7944:

Afghan cuisine is largely based upon the nation's chief crops, such as wheat, maize,

7833: 7817: 7584:

was a prominent Afghan painter and sketch artist from Kabul during the 20th century.

7565: 7561: 7530: 7447: 7149: 7053: 7017: 6925: 6797: 6737: 6514: 5829: 5603: 5170: 5160: 5140: 5095: 5050: 4824: 4671: 4399: 4283:. However, two-thirds of the country's water flows into the neighboring countries of 4185: 3653: 3583: 3337: 3239: 3119: 2955: 2853: 2786: 2737: 2721: 2394: 2083: 1878: 1379: 1321: 535: 25502: 22117: 21011: 17702:"White House defends letting billions in military equipment fall into Taliban hands" 16952: 15775: 15020:"Karzai says while the war has ended, unity has not yet been achieved | Ariana News" 13025:"Blood-Stained Hands, Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity" 12878: 12562: 11559: 8264:, played by horsemen in two teams, each trying to grab and hold a goat carcass. The 8014:, another nationally celebrated ancient tradition, commemorates the ancient goddess 6277: 5545:, blocking the Taliban from accessing billions of dollars held in US bank accounts. 4643: 3028:

than any other country. In 1973, while the King was in Italy, Daoud Khan launched a

2063:

and proclaimed himself King of Persia. The Afghan dynasty was ousted from Persia by

27249: 27244: 25657: 25322: 25287: 25272: 25026: 24054: 23994: 23769:

History of Afghanistan, from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878

23678: 22953: 20670: 20638: 20628: 19490: 18354:"Field Listing :: GDP – composition, by sector of origin – The World Factbook" 16842: 16824: 16623: 16615: 16534: 15150: 14344: 13441: 12899: 12550: 12052: 11990: 11765: 11382: 11085: 11017: 10537: 9241: 9233: 9207: 8984: 8889: 8512: 8508: 8375: 8195: 7884: 7852: 7829: 7653: 7347:

enforced this dress on women when they were in power. Another popular dress is the

7103: 7041: 7025: 7013: 7009: 6981: 6809: 6789: 6745: 6622: 6312: 6225: 6182: 5616: 5607: 5557:

rose to be the best performing currency in the world, climbing over 9% against the

5415:

Afghanistan's nominal GDP was $ 20.1 billion in 2020, or $ 81 billion by

5155: 5145: 5120: 5085: 5075: 5035: 5030: 4533: 4445: 4382: 4217: 4135: 3546: 3456: 3345: 3253: 3029: 2989: 2984:

Until 1946 King Zahir ruled with the assistance of his uncle, who held the post of

2958:

in 1934. The 1930s saw the development of roads, infrastructure, the founding of a

2736:

threatened the British, where rebels confronted and defeated British forces in the

2559: 2555: 2551: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2448: 2428: 2153: 2079: 2048: 1998: 1934:

administered the Afghan tribal areas south of the Hindu Kush until the invasion of

1854: 1839: 1730:. Much of the northeastern and southern areas of the country remained dominated by 1479: 1419:

empires that were inhabited by Afghans. While based on a state-supporting elite of

1059: 950: 23789: 23354:"Afghanistan Makes History in Cricket World Cup, Despite Debut Loss to Bangladesh" 22908: 21710: 17427: 14990:"One year later, Austin acknowledges lasting questions over Afghanistan war's end" 11994: 11769: 10956: 10285:"Chronological History of Afghanistan – the cradle of Gandharan civilisation" 10090: 5702:

estimated that if Afghanistan generates about $ 10 billion per year from its

5537:

Since the Taliban's takeover of the country in August 2021, the United States has

5499:, and other cities. An estimated 400,000 people enter the labor market each year. 3561:

and quickly advanced in front of collapsing Afghan government forces. The Taliban

2672:

and internal religious leaders pressured Dost Mohammad to invade India during the

27510: 27254: 27153: 27148: 27143: 26569: 26394: 26389: 25866: 25630: 25618: 25327: 24982: 24698: 23999: 23923: 23853: 23832: 23811: 23767: 23743: 23722: 23701: 23658: 23637: 23575: 23554: 23533: 23460: 23297: 23094:"Afghan Hindus and Sikhs celebrate Diwali without 'pomp and splendour' amid fear" 23019: 22970:

No More "us" and "them": Classroom Lessons and Activities to Promote Peer Respect

22968: 21976: 21279: 20981: 20945: 20633: 20495: 19965: 19369: 19327: 19257:. Institute for Environmental Diplomacy and Security Report. 2011. Archived from 19176: 18559: 17851: 17656: 16899: 16596:"Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution" 16078: 15556: 15080:"Hamid Karzai stays on in Afghanistan — hoping for the best, but unable to leave" 14877: 14471: 13700: 13631: 13541: 13415: 13249: 12906: 12775: 12173: 12134: 11825:

The "Ancient Supremacy": Bukhara, Afghanistan and the Battle for Balkh, 1731–1901

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of the 17th century is considered the national poet. Other notable poets include

7615:, monstrous creatures. Thursdays are traditionally "poetry night" in the city of 7612: 7608: 7573: 7312: 7246: 7238: 7207: 7191: 7049: 7037: 6970: 6919: 6777: 6640: 6604: 6586: 6304: 6272: 6202: 6054: 5881: 5857:

and wind power plants have been constructed. Currently under development are the

5757: 5611: 5484: 5329: 5185: 5180: 5165: 5150: 5135: 5115: 5100: 5065: 5060: 5045: 5007: 4827:, the former chairman of the High Council for National Reconciliation and former 4598: 4548: 4449: 4370: 4304: 4276: 4256: 4177: 4158: 4154: 3696: 3575: 3484: 3404: 3370: 3214:

from clergy, community elders, intelligentsia, and military in favor of powerful

3183: 3142: 3101: 3085: 3025: 2861: 2849: 2795: 2773: 2491: 2476: 2382: 2164:, but he was unable to capture the city and was forced to retreat in early 1751. 2040: 1831: 1691: 1652: 1632: 1520: 1216: 1212: 681: 222: 53: 25998: 25507: 22399:"War and Pillaging Couldn't Break an Afghan Village, but a Tumbling Economy May" 20554: 20038:"Going in Circles: The never-ending story of Afghanistan's unfinished Ring Road" 19997:"Going in Circles: The never-ending story of Afghanistan's unfinished Ring Road" 19825:"Bamyan, First Ever Cultural Capital of South Asia: A big party, but what else?" 18523: 16926: 15533: 12425: 10755:

Islam in the World Today: A Handbook of Politics, Religion, Culture, and Society

9756:

Watkins, Andrew H. (November 2021). Cruickshank, Paul; Hummel, Kristina (eds.).

8343:

Other demonyms that have been used are Afghani, Afghanese and Afghanistani (see

7450:

in Kabul were built in this style in the 1920s. Afghan architecture also ranges

6138: 6135:. Traveling by bus in Afghanistan remains dangerous due to militant activities. 5861:

project which will transmit electricity from Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, and the

5633: 5399: 4764: 4346: 2407: 1643:

until they were overthrown in about 185 BCE. Their decline began 60 years after

1431:

The term "Afghanistan" was officially used in 1855, when the British recognized

27173: 27110: 27100: 26959: 26811: 26349: 26344: 26339: 26334: 26003: 25993: 25763: 25669: 25332: 25292: 25277: 24539: 24468: 24034: 23015: 21475:"Afghanistan: Six provinces keep schools open for girls despite nationwide ban" 21307: 21006: 21004: 20994: 19602: 19600: 19037:"Opium cultivation declines by 95 per cent in Afghanistan: UN survey | UN News" 19036: 18962: 18327: 18176: 17759: 17598: 17366:"The Taliban confirm they will attend a UN-led meeting in Qatar on Afghanistan" 17339: 17317: 16873: 16829: 16651: 15232: 15176: 14277: 14251: 13694:'Trump calls out Pakistan, India as he pledges to 'fight to win' in Afghanistan 12056: 11448:

The Pearl in Its Midst: Herat and the Mapping of Khurasan (15th–19th Centuries)

10952: 10355: 10288: 8250: 8101: 8074: 7933: 7928: 7769: 7742: 7419: 7403: 7321: 7316: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7033: 6911:

in September 2021, 250 remain in the country after 67 were evacuated to India.

6908: 6866: 6858: 6785: 6773: 6658: 6550: 6545: 6532: 6499: 6475: 6363: 6282: 6209: 6066: 6050: 5980: 5945: 5595: 5554: 5496: 5450: 5442: 5262:. In 2012, the United States and the then-republic in Afghanistan signed their 5190: 5125: 5110: 5105: 5090: 5080: 5055: 5040: 4910: 4737: 4610: 4594: 4570: 4538: 4433: 4311: 4300: 4123: 3931: 3661: 3567: 3366: 3305:, burning vast areas of fertile land and destroying tens of thousands of homes. 3302: 2825: 2807: 2585: 2581: 2575: 2472: 2358: 2321: 2277: 2240: 2220: 2129: 2107: 1970: 1939: 1931: 1886: 1803: 1795: 1761: 1711: 1660: 1563: 1424: 1271: 1177: 1173: 1153: 1149: 1101: 918: 572: 545: 394: 352: 22485: 22135: 21370: 19591:"Afghanistan Resurrects its Largest Hydropower Plant Toward a Brighter Future" 18878: 17993:

Afghan clerics call for Christian convert to be killed despite Western outrage

17991: 15498: 14780:"Anti-Taliban forces say they've taken three districts in Afghanistan's north" 14492:"U.S. War on Terror has reportedly killed 1.3 million people in a decade" 13647: 13000:(2006 1st ed.). I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd., London New York. p. 352. 12735: 12554: 11936: 11089: 10696:

The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In

8893: 8630: 7619:

when men, women and children gather and recite both ancient and modern poems.

4082:

At over 652,864 km (252,072 sq mi), Afghanistan is the world's

2683:

to Herat. Following his death, a civil war ensued among his sons, prominently

2144:

from the Mughal appointed governor, Nasir Khan. Ahmad Shah had then conquered

2098:

who had assisted him on these campaigns. Nader Shah was assassinated in 1747.

1790:, the region used to be home to various beliefs and cults, often resulting in 1594:

and is thus considered by some to be the "second homeland of Zoroastrianism".

1491:

in the historical value of its archaeological sites. Artifacts typical of the

27666: 27485: 27433: 27367: 27269: 27105: 27001: 26841: 25831: 25352: 25342: 25337: 25307: 25302: 25282: 25267: 25262: 25134: 24992: 24272: 24024: 23989: 22238: 21919: 21891: 21636: 21342: 20826: 20257: 19495: 19478: 17932: 17893: 17466: 16838: 16424:

Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194

15122: 14722: 14060: 12841:"Afghanistan: Land Mines From Afghan-Soviet War Leave Bitter Legacy (Part 2)" 11097: 10106: 8980:"Dismantlement of the Taliban regime is the only way forward for Afghanistan" 8901: 8582: 8481: 8238: 8121: 7997: 7961: 7915: 7892: 7868: 7757: 7603: 7580:

periods. Since the 1900s, the nation began to use Western techniques in art.

7355: 6757: 6248: 6208:

The country has three rail links: one, a 75-kilometre (47 mi) line from

6120: 6106: 6008: 5458: 5432: 5070: 4922: 4894:. Beneath the supreme leader, day-to-day governance will be entrusted to the 4891: 4770: 4688: 4485: 4481: 4441: 4264: 4216:, at 7,492 m (24,580 ft) above sea level. The lowest point lies in 3996: 3676: 3579: 3351: 3308: 3164: 3154: 2939: 2749: 2692: 2589: 2436: 2181: 2177: 2133: 2125: 2087: 2032: 2020: 2010: 1765: 1699: 1695: 1639:

as part of an alliance treaty. The Mauryans controlled the area south of the

1636: 1543: 1470: 1416: 1279: 1145: 1137: 1109: 975: 531: 525: 361: 260: 247: 76: 26613: 24642: 23264:"South Asian Games: Shooters, swimmers shine as India consolidate dominance" 21001: 20184:

is the country's No. 2 airline after national carrier Ariana Afghan Airlines

19626:"The Power of Nature: How Renewable Energy is Changing Lives in Afghanistan" 19597: 19196:

Assessment of Undiscovered Petroleum Resources of Northern Afghanistan, 2006

18204:"'Despair is settling in': female suicides on rise in Taliban's Afghanistan" 15583:"'What's wrong?': The silence of Pakistanis on expulsion of Afghan refugees" 14718:"The Afghan government's collapse is a humiliation for the US and Joe Biden" 9376:. United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. 7733:

which are also known in Central Asia, the Caucasus and the Middle East. The

5472: 2980:, the last reigning monarch of Afghanistan, who reigned from 1933 until 1973 1702:, centered in Afghanistan, became great patrons of Buddhist culture, making 1623:

and his Macedonian forces arrived in Afghanistan in 330 BCE after defeating

27480: 27168: 26857: 26531: 25983: 25948: 25464: 25357: 25312: 25257: 25252: 25235: 25220: 25189: 25047: 24926: 24891: 24009: 23456: 21765: 20652: 20181: 20106: 19533:"Access to electricity, rural (% of rural population) – Afghanistan | Data" 18295: 17964: 17318:"Afghanistan: Taliban deputy denies reports of leadership row in new video" 17200: 16856: 16637: 16619: 15411: 14688:"President Ashraf Ghani Flees Afghanistan, Taliban Take Over Kabul: Report" 14660: 14539: 14376: 13667: 11489: 11391: 10261:

The quest for the origins of Vedic culture: the Indo-Aryan migration debate

9974: 9765: 9699: 9543: 8265: 8137: 8070: 7957: 7781: 7557: 7549: 7545: 7525: 7361: 7301:. When nomads pass villages they often buy supplies such as tea, wheat and 7297: 7234: 6741: 6221: 5918: 5769: 5637: 5227:

border issue and alleged Pakistani involvement in Afghan insurgent groups.

4902: 4844: 4816: 4722: 4519: 4429: 4421: 4374: 4295: 4288: 4193: 4115: 4070: 4042: 3757: 3631: 3488: 3436: 3373:. Around 400,000 Afghans died in internal conflicts between 1990 and 2001. 3127: 3017: 3005: 3001: 2967: 2885: 2873: 2857: 2596: 2563: 2499: 2193: 2052: 2024: 1978: 1907: 1719: 1680: 1482:. Early peasant farming villages came into existence about 7,000 years ago. 1412: 1247:

received little international recognition before its overthrow in the 2001

1165: 1141: 1063: 1027: 1003: 473: 429: 343: 298: 147: 22511:"FEATURE: In Western Afghanistan, an ancient love of poetry thrives again" 21901: 20947:

Afghanistan – Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture

20394:

Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding, 2 Volume Pack

18988: 18496: 18291:"Taliban dissolves Afghanistan's human rights commission as 'unnecessary'" 17073: 15407:"'Countdown to catastrophe': half of Afghans face hunger this winter – UN" 15258: 15050:"Briefing by Special Representative Deborah Lyons to the Security Council" 14630:"Afghanistan is disintegrating fast as Biden's troop withdrawal continues" 14305:"Landmark Afghanistan Presidential Election Held Under Shadow of Violence" 12309:"Afghanistan: History Of 1973 Coup Sheds Light On Relations With Pakistan" 9245: 8226:. Domestically, cricket is played between teams from different provinces. 8004:, Nowruz is typically celebrated with music and dance, as well as holding 7560:

between the 1st and 7th centuries CE. Later eras saw increased use of the

4416: 3064: 2821: 1869:

into an important city and patronized intellectuals such as the historian

1714:

continued to rule at least parts of the region. They were followed by the

27427: 27178: 27115: 26836: 25625: 25613: 25317: 25146: 24876: 24816: 24811: 24569: 24004: 23425:"In Afghanistan's National Pastime, It's Better to Be a Hero Than a Goat" 21253: 19386: 19064:

Preliminary Assessment of Non-Fuel Mineral Resources of Afghanistan, 2007

18084:

Shelley, Jo; Popalzai, Ehsan; Mengli, Ahmet; Picheta, Rob (19 May 2022).

15715: 12993: 11907:"Afghan Women Hope for More Gains Under New Administration – Afghanistan" 9080: 8303: 8141: 8036: 7993: 7903: 7888: 7864: 7825: 7821: 7761: 7753: 7661: 7553: 7538: 7534: 7327: 7250: 7223: 7195: 7133:

in the country. Some of the other leading hospitals in Kabul include the

6617: 6146: 6074: 5898: 5850: 5792: 5741: 5476: 5428: 5224: 4875: 4614: 4582: 4268: 4260: 4111: 4107: 4091: 3570:

proclaimed himself caretaker president and announced the formation of an

3508: 3186:. Heavy air bombardment destroyed many countryside villages, millions of 3150: 2963: 2899:. King Amanullah abdicated in January 1929, and soon after Kabul fell to 2815: 2753: 2547: 2503: 2440: 2398: 2044: 1896: 1815: 1727: 1648: 1610: 1547: 1492: 1015: 22246: 22222: 19015:"Afghan opium poppy cultivation plunges by 95 percent under Taliban: UN" 18177:"Afghanistan's female TV presenters must cover their faces, say Taliban" 16652:"Afghanistan | History, Map, Flag, Capital, Population, & Languages" 15291:"Taliban Name Their Deputy Ministers, Doubling Down On An All-Male Team" 12900:'Mujahidin vs. Communists: Revisiting the battles of Jalalabad and Khost 12768: 11795:

In Defence of British India: Great Britain in the Middle East, 1775–1842

11777: 11105: 11073: 8031:

As a predominantly Muslim country, Islamic events and festivals such as

6706:

groups. According to research data by several institutions in 2019, the

6027:

estimates of between 7,000 and 10,000. This is however, threatened from

5230:

The present Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan is currently internationally

3297:

law, which resulted in the brutal treatment of many Afghans, especially

3114:

guerrillas) against regime forces countrywide. It quickly turned into a

2479:, and numerous other warring polities. The most prominent state was the 27224: 27214: 26755: 26545: 26503: 26475: 26461: 26433: 25816: 25706: 25598: 25577: 25225: 25215: 25210: 25205: 24936: 24911: 24826: 24806: 24756: 24726: 24716: 24297: 24292: 23928: 21591: 21331:"A Harsh New Reality for Afghan Women and Girls in Taliban-Run Schools" 19859: 19558: 18931: 18684:"Taliban blames U.S. as 1 million Afghan kids face death by starvation" 17997: 17729:"Staggering Costs – U.S. Military Equipment Left Behind In Afghanistan" 17684:"Biden will rescind Afghanistan's designation as a major non-NATO ally" 15381:"Afghanistan: Can the Taliban avert a food crisis without foreign aid?" 14136:"Wikileaks: Pakistan accused of helping Taliban in Afghanistan attacks" 13095:"Afghanistan: The massacre in Mazar-i Sharif. (Chapter II: Background)" 12840: 12432: 12308: 11981:

Wyatt, Christopher (2 September 2015). "Afghanistan in the Great War".

11196:

Mountstuart Elphinstone in South Asia: Pioneer of British Colonial Rule

9890:"Taliban Takeover Puts Afghanistan's Cashmere, Silk Industries at Risk" 8922:"Dysfunctional centralization and growing fragility under Taliban rule" 7880: 7872: 7777: 7722: 7510: 7497: 7485: 7475: 7463: 7439: 7431: 7427: 7376: 7276: 7190:. In the southern and eastern region, the people live according to the 7145: 6296: 6237: 6217: 5873: 5846: 5838: 5508: 5454: 5348: 5339: 4863: 4852: 4848: 4679: 4647: 4465: 4437: 4272: 4228: 4220:

along the Amu River bank, at 258 m (846 ft) above sea level.

4165: 4087: 4033: 3812: 3790: 3779: 3668: 3106: 2765: 2345: 2197: 2094:, Nader Shah had plundered Delhi, alongside his 16-year-old commander, 2075: 2064: 1862: 1847: 1791: 1723: 1684: 1640: 1579: 1528: 1504: 1496: 1337: 1228: 1169: 1067: 1043: 1035: 1007: 433: 22365: 19146: 17525:. Urban Institute Center on International Development and Governance. 17493:"Explaining Elections, Independent Election Commission of Afghanistan" 17288:"New 'inclusive' Afghanistan government to be announced soon: Taliban" 15665:"Over 1 mn Afghan children facing severe malnutrition, says WHO chief" 12064: 9236:(10 March 2023). "Senior Afghan Taliban figures move to curb leader". 8611: 8511:, and the region bordering Afghanistan is administered by Pakistan as 6281:

A Cold War-era CIA map showing traditional Afghan tribal territories.

4785: 4629:

mean score of 8.85/10, ranking it 15th globally out of 172 countries.

3599:

fighting between the Taliban and the local branch of the Islamic State

2756:, which forms the modern-day border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. 2435:

By the early 19th century the Afghan empire was under threat from the

1635:

controlled the region until 305 BCE, when they gave much of it to the

1554:. By the middle of the 6th century BCE, the Achaemenids overthrew the 27723:

Member states of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

26826: 26801: 26785: 25664: 25546: 25100: 24901: 24896: 24776: 24307: 20590: 19800:"When Afghanistan was just a laid-back highlight on the hippie trail" 19683:"Coronavirus shatters tourism hopes in Afghanistan's Bamyan province" 17884: 15609:"Afghans Banned From 16 Provinces In Iran As Forced Exodus Continues" 14959: 14906:"In Panjshir, Few Signs of an Active Resistance, or Any Fight at All" 14869:

Kazmin, Amy; Findlay, Stephanie; Bokhari, Farhan (6 September 2021).

14656:"Afghanistan stunned by scale and speed of security forces' collapse" 13177:"Documents Detail Years of Pakistani Support for Taliban, Extremists" 11045: 8569:"The Taliban's Qatar Office: Are Prospects for Peace Already Doomed?" 8357: 8223: 8129: 7897: 7844: 7718: 7423: 7203: 7199: 7187: 7111: 6837: 6563: 6371: 6344: 6162: 6070: 6062: 5877: 5858: 5749: 5738: 5715: 5271: 4602: 4578: 4495: 4386: 4378: 4362: 4323: 4244: 4240: 4189: 4169: 4024: 4015: 3974: 3950: 3115: 2947: 2900: 2761: 2015: 1943: 1927: 1870: 1858: 1707: 1672: 1664: 1631:. Following Alexander's brief occupation, the successor state of the 1583: 1571: 1559: 1532: 1500: 1298:. Afghanistan's gross domestic product (GDP) is $ 81 billion by 20390: 19316:

China, Not U.S., Likely to Benefit from Afghanistan's Mineral Riches

19289:(Technical report). USGS. Open-File Report 2011–1207. Archived from 19258: 19074:/Afghanistan Geological Survey. Fact Sheet 2007–3063. Archived from 18769:"Taliban Controls the World's Best Performing Currency This Quarter" 18637:"Sales of Afghanistan's renowned carpets unravel as war intensifies" 17517: 14757: 14508:"220,000 killed in US war in Afghanistan 80,000 in Pakistan: report" 13408:"Confidential UN report details mass killings of civilian villagers" 13125:"Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978–2001" 13056:"Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978–2001" 12536:"Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths" 11289:"Chapter 200: Translation of the Introduction to Firishta's History" 10350: 10348: 8043:

are widely celebrated annually in Afghanistan. The Sikh festival of

7398:

Kabul skyline, displaying both historical and contemporary buildings

5219:, with which a friendship treaty was signed in 1950. Relations with 3582:. However, by 6 September, the Taliban had taken control of most of 3264:

factions. Amid a state of anarchy and factional infighting, various

2324:

following the death of his father, Timur Shah Durrani. His brothers

2156:, 1750–1751 and 1754–1755. His first campaign had seen the siege of 1914:. His troops are said to have annihilated the Khwarazmian cities of 1332: 27555: 27495: 27372: 27204: 27120: 27095: 27027: 26780: 26770: 26489: 25926: 25652: 25642: 25119:

Spans the conventional boundary between Asia and another continent.

24977: 24916: 24871: 24851: 24846: 24841: 24741: 24584: 24317: 24302: 24277: 23186:"Traditional Dambora Musical Festival organized in Bamyan province" 22835:"Bollywood's Panipat irks Afghans over founding father's portrayal" 22725: 22463: 21793:"Afghanistan: People living with disabilities call for integration" 21734:"Empowering Afghanistan's Disabled Population – 31 March 2006" 20513:. Worldmeters. 2020. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020 19608:"Power to the People: How to extend Afghans' access to electricity" 18687: 16900:"Afghanistan: Taliban increasingly violent against protesters – UN" 16530: 15263: 14601: 14407: 14309: 12471: 11558:(Thesis). University of Multan, MULTAN. p. 159. Archived from 11284: 10957:"Richard Strand's Nuristân Site: Peoples and Languages of Nuristan" 9950: 9927: 9834:"Morocco seizes over 840 kg of cannabis – Xinhua | English.news.cn" 9669:"Professing Faith: Religious traditions in Afghanistan are diverse" 8503:

regards Afghanistan as a bordering country, as it considers all of

8257: 8106: 8044: 8005: 7765: 7506: 7496:

is an ancient practice in Afghanistan, and many of these are still

7407: 7302: 7272: 6833: 6765: 6761: 6707: 6509: 6462: 6355: 6336: 6170: 6058: 5992: 5968: 5926: 5842: 5745: 5734: 5710:

would double and provide long-term funding for critical needs. The

5657: 5585: 4906: 4586: 4515: 4503: 4473: 4366: 4248: 4197: 4131: 3908: 3878: 3431:

In December 2001, after the Taliban government was overthrown, the

3412: 3282: 3215: 3195: 3187: 3080:(PDPA) seized power in a bloody coup d'état against then-President 3021: 2836:

After the end of the Third Anglo-Afghan War and the signing of the

2511: 2460: 2329: 2281: 2273: 2141: 2121: 1990: 1966: 1951: 1874: 1843: 1811: 1799: 1731: 1715: 1706:

flourish throughout the region. The Kushans were overthrown by the

1703: 1606: 1602: 1587: 1582:

in a list of the 29 countries that he had conquered. The region of

1516: 1512: 1508: 1399:

The name Afghanistan (Afghānistān, land of the Afghans / Pashtuns,

1370: 1355: 1327: 1011: 970: 928: 156: 151: 22286:"In Afghanistan, weaving ancient industry back into global market" 22223:"THE AFGHAN ARCHITECTURE OF INDIA: An historical study, 1451–1526" 20846:

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

13940:"Limbs of No Body: The World's Indifference to the Afghan Tragedy" 13714:"WPO Poll: Afghan Public Overwhelmingly Rejects al-Qaeda, Taliban" 13204:(Report). Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1997. 10338:. Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. p. 133. 10317:. Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. p. 133. 8268:(a type of running dog) originated in Afghanistan and was used in 8011: 7741:

instrument. Some of the famous artists of classical music include

7121:, with the most advanced treatments being available in Kabul. The 6896:

Factbook variously estimates up to 89.7% Sunni or up to 15% Shia.

6347:. Urbanization has increased rapidly, particularly in the capital 6153:

Air transport in Afghanistan is provided by the national carrier,

5367: 4917:

known as the Supreme Council with anywhere from 11 to 72 members.

4687:

consultative meeting that was mainly organized for choosing a new

3206:

until the communist regime under People's Democratic Party leader

2679:

Dost Mohammad died in June 1863, a few weeks after his successful

27259: 26831: 26051: 26046: 24941: 24856: 24836: 24721: 24711: 24368: 24287: 23139:"International Women's Day: Afghan Women Endure Gender Apartheid" 22208: 21890:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

20370:"The Possibility of Introducing a Regular Bus System in Kandahar" 18821:"Unlocking the Potential of Agriculture for Afghanistan's Growth" 18261:"Activists sound alarm over surge in suicides among Afghan women" 18024:"Taliban orders head-to-toe coverings for Afghan women in public" 17135:"Ghani says he backs talks as Taliban meet with Karzai, Abdullah" 14314: 11138:

Periods of World History: A Latin American Perspective – Page 129

10345: 9953: 9926:

cf: "Their name (Afghan) means "cavalier" being derived from the

8953:"Afghanistan's Public Intellectuals Fail to Denounce the Taliban" 8785: 8504: 8344: 8149: 8145: 8117: 8032: 7773: 7726: 7577: 7529:

stones were earthed in modern-day Afghanistan which were used in

7520: 7516: 7493: 7443: 7344: 7292: 7182: 6715: 6699: 6686: 6599: 6264: 6158: 6020: 5854: 5804: 5781: 5777: 5730: 5649: 5645: 5644:

The country's natural resources include: coal, copper, iron ore,

5591: 5574: 5569: 4978: 4952: 4684: 4543: 4525: 4491: 4395: 4223: 4201: 4098:. Clockwise from south-west, Afghanistan shares borders with the 4095: 3684: 3554: 3549:

announced on 14 April 2021 that the alliance had agreed to start

3403:

to remove the Taliban from power after they refused to hand over

3281:, who soon had military support from Pakistan. Taking control of 3273:

emerged in September 1994 as a movement and militia of students (

3270: 3135: 3012:

was formed, and the first non-royal prime minister was sworn in.

2997: 2943: 2881: 2745: 2328:

and Humayun Mirza revolted against him, with Humayun centered in

2189: 2185: 2173: 2169: 2157: 2149: 2056: 2036: 1994: 1835: 1823: 1668: 1614: 1567: 1420: 1359: 1345: 1275: 1263: 1240: 437: 416: 411: 325: 310: 26970: 23298:"Precious moments of unity touch Afghans after football triumph" 22722:"Suspects Sentenced To Death For Killing Journalist in Kandahar" 22172:"Afghanistan Art and Architecture | Afghanistan's Web Site" 21308:"Afghanistan: Girls excluded as Afghan secondary schools reopen" 21141:"Afghanistan: What does Taliban rule mean for Sikhs and Hindus?" 20368:

Rahmat, Mohibullah; Mizokami, Shoshi; Fujiwara, Akimasa (2018).

18659:"Afghanistan trade balance, exports and imports by country 2019" 17847:"LGBT relationships are illegal in 74 countries, research finds" 17340:"Afghanistan: Women protest against all-male Taliban government" 16427:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2023. 15151:"گروه طالبان حکومت جدید خود را با رهبری ملا حسن اخوند اعلام کرد" 15111:"Shifting to Governing, Taliban Will Name Supreme Afghan Leader" 13171: 13169: 7394: 7256: 5959:

has significant history and historical sites, and together with

5491:

near Jalalabad. Similar development projects have also begun in

2019:

Map of the Hotak Empire at its height in 1728, disputed between

1350: 27738:

Countries and territories where Persian is an official language

26862: 26760: 26517: 25603: 25395: 25158: 24997: 24921: 24886: 24821: 24801: 24791: 24751: 24736: 24731: 24322: 24312: 24282: 23772:(Elibron Classic Replica ed.). Adamant Media Corporation. 23406:"Afghanistan's buzkashi horses prepare for the game of courage" 21221:"'Last Jew in Afghanistan' loses title to hidden Jewish family" 20944:

Afroz, Nazes; Najib, Moska; Smart!, Culture (1 December 2013).

19944:"Attack on tourists rocks fledgling Afghanistan tourism sector" 18989:"Poppy Cultivation in South of Afghanistan Down by 80%: Report" 18747:"Two Years into Taliban Rule, New Shocks Weaken Afghan Economy" 18550: 18055:"Taliban order all Afghan women to cover their faces in public" 17921:"India Offers Escape to Afghan Hindus and Sikhs Facing Attacks" 17594:"China Embraces High-Stakes Taliban Relationship as U.S. Exits" 17520:"An Assessment of Afghanistan's Municipal Governance Framework" 16589: 16280:"History of Environmental Change in the Sistan Basin 1976–2005" 16049:. Central Intelligence Agency. 26 November 1991. Archived from 15831: 15795: 14872:"Taliban says it has captured last Afghan region of resistance" 13526:(1 March 2009 ed.). Webster University Press. p. 310. 13130:. Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005. p. 63. Archived from 12764: 12175:

Kabul under siege: Fayz Muhammad's account of the 1929 Uprising

12136:

Kabul under siege: Fayz Muhammad's account of the 1929 Uprising

11147:

The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia – Page 465

10467: 9946: 9175: 8125: 8048: 8040: 8015: 7989: 7984:

Haft Mewa (Seven Fruit Syrup), popularly consumed during Nowruz

7949: 7945: 7730: 7706: 7686: 7635: 7349: 7333: 7001: 6877: 6805: 6781: 6733: 6719: 6711: 6635: 6581: 6367: 5976: 5960: 5956: 5914: 5910: 5785: 5722:. In 2011, Afghanistan signed an oil exploration contract with 5677: 5673: 5669: 5594:, the most expensive spice, grows in Afghanistan, particularly 4847:, having fled the country during the Taliban advance to either 4716: 4507: 4499: 4477: 4453: 4213: 4209: 4051: 4006: 3964: 3680: 3613: 3452: 3294: 3111: 3069: 2349: 2341: 2337: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2232: 2228: 2216: 1866: 1827: 1783: 1775: 1644: 1597: 1591: 1551: 1408: 1259:. The Taliban government remains internationally unrecognized. 334: 316: 283: 22050:"Afghanistan Has a Tougher Law on Child Marriage than Florida" 20197:"Hairatan to Mazar-i-Sharif railway – Railways of Afghanistan" 18324:"Karzai Woos India Inc. as Delay on U.S. Pact Deters Billions" 17455:"For Afghan Officials, Prospect of Death Comes With Territory" 15635:"Taliban: Iran Deports Almost 350,000 Afghans Within 3 Months" 14754:

The National Resistance Front: Fighting for a Free Afghanistan

13852: 13438:"U.N. says Taliban starving hungry people for military agenda" 13199:

Afghanistan: Chronology of Events January 1995 – February 1997

12400:

Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in Afghanistan

9635:. 30 July 2021. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021 9271: 9049:"EU: Provisional Taliban government does not fulfill promises" 7737:

is the country's national instrument and precurses the Indian

7638:, author of mystical poems in the 12th century, and, finally, 7519:

has been crafted in Afghanistan for millennia. The village of

7315:

for both men and women typically consists of various forms of

6031:, who held responsibility for attacks on tourists such as the 2891:

Some of the reforms, such as the abolition of the traditional

2518:. In 1834, Dost Mohammad Khan led numerous campaigns, firstly 2490:

With the collapse of the Durrani Empire, and the exile of the

1846:

extended their Islamic influence south of the Hindu Kush. The

26821: 26806: 26775: 26765: 25647: 25608: 25105: 24946: 24906: 24881: 24861: 24796: 24771: 24761: 24746: 24378: 21374: 20575: 18732: 18230:"How the Taliban are violating women's rights in Afghanistan" 15203:"Profile: Who is Afghanistan's new caretaker prime minister?" 14475: 14369: 13166: 12916: 10870: 8441: 8426: 8153: 7848: 7791: 7738: 7714: 7710: 7643: 7631: 7616: 7569: 7366: 7339: 6874: 6825: 6749: 6653: 6527: 6489: 6470: 6452: 6359: 6348: 6340: 6241: 6233: 6229: 5972: 5964: 5934: 5930: 5922: 5519: 5492: 5378: 5363: 5359: 5335: 4937: 4836: 4677:

A traditional instrument of governance in Afghanistan is the

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30,000 in this battle and staged a Durrani resurgence in the

2285: 2276:. One of Timur Shah's reforms was to move the capital of the 2269: 2145: 2137: 1974: 1962: 1935: 1919: 1915: 1779: 1676: 1555: 1488: 1475: 1385: 1082:

estimated the population to be 32.9 million as of 2020.

1071: 1051: 239: 27602:

Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World

22304:"Selling war: commodifying the (in)security of Afghan women" 21498:"Girls return to high school in some regions of Afghanistan" 18083: 16741:"Afghanistan Plant and Animal Life – Afghanistan's Web Site" 13524:

Massoud: An Intimate Portrait of the Legendary Afghan Leader

11041:"Obama's war: Deploying 17,000 raises stakes in Afghanistan" 10990:. Foreign Area Studies, The American University. p. 10. 10726:

Brides and Betrothals: Jewish Wedding Rituals in Afghanistan

10669:

Christianity in Persia and the Status of Non-muslims in Iran

10246:

Notes on Shortugai: An Harappan Site in Northern Afghanistan

10137:

Afghanistan – John Ford Shroder, University of Nebraska

9473:"Ministry of Home Affairs (Department of Border Management)" 9204:"Unseen Taliban Leader Wields Godlike Powers in Afghanistan" 8334:

in the country, no official census has been conducted since.

8249:. The national team has never competed or qualified for the 7156:

assist orphans in association with governmental structures.

6965:. About 21% of these are females. Former Education Minister 4878:

in an official ceremony. Abdul Ghani Baradar would be named

4707:

Cabinet of Afghanistan § Islamic Emirate (2021–present)

4243:

Sistan Basin is one of the driest regions in the world. The

2970:

having the largest share in Afghan development at the time.

27090: 27080: 26954: 26816: 26447: 26253: 24956: 24866: 24831: 24786: 24781: 24690: 24339: 23745:

The Light Garden of the Angel King: Journeys in Afghanistan

22071: 21474: 18932:

Bryan Denton; David Zucchino; Yaqoob Akbary (29 May 2022).

18729:"Afghanistan's hunger crisis is a problem the U.S. can fix" 17258:"Taliban again postpone Afghan govt formation announcement" 17108: 16081:

India Ministry of Home Affairs. Retrieved 13 November 2021.

13287: 13089: 13087: 13085: 13083: 13019: 13017: 12790:. Defenseindustrydaily.com. 1 February 2010. Archived from 11016:. Faculty.washington.edu. 29 September 2007. Archived from 10985: 10249:. Centre for the Study of the Civilization of Central Asia. 9963:

Cf: "The name represents Sanskrit Asvaka in the sense of a

8261: 8047:

is celebrated by the Sikh community and the Hindu festival

7969: 7953: 7937: 7702: 7657: 7639: 7627: 7455: 7306: 7106:

rate is 66 to 112.8 deaths in every 1,000 live births. The

6885: 6821: 6793: 6753: 6729: 6252: 5665: 5661: 5239: 4976:

Afghanistan is administratively divided into 34 provinces (

4832: 4511: 4469: 4461: 4390: 4284: 4066: 3735: 3657: 2599:

expeditionary force marched into Afghanistan, invading the

1838:

and Kabul Shahi were first conquered in 870 CE by the

1772: 1411:

realm. This name was later used for certain regions in the

1267: 1196:

in 1926. This monarchy lasted almost half a century, until

1019: 288: 22996:"In ancient tradition, Iranians celebrate winter solstice" 22424:"How the quest for the 'perfect blue' changed art forever" 21981: 21280:

USSD Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2009).

21249:"Christians in Afghanistan: A Community of Faith and Fear" 20907:

Dupree, Louis (1982) "Afghanistan: (iv.) Ethnography", in

20462:"Afghanistan Population 2020 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)" 18470: 18144:"Taliban divisions deepen as Afghan women defy veil edict" 17960:"Where in the world is the worst place to be a Christian?" 17196:"Afghanistan: Taliban expected to announce new government" 16393:"Afghanistan's woeful water management delights neighbors" 14756:. National Resistance Front of Afghanistan. Archived from 13353:

Taliban: Islam, Oil and the New Great Game in Central Asia

13252:(page 3). Library of Congress. Retrieved 13 February 2018. 12103: 11174: 9107:"Inside the Taliban campaign to forge a religious emirate" 8237:

since 1941. The national team plays its home games at the

8018:

and marks the longest night of the year on the eve of the

7701:

and use the same Hindustani terminology and theories like

6710:

are the largest ethnic group, comprising 42%, followed by

6049:

Telecommunication services in Afghanistan are provided by

5933:

before crossing to northern Pakistan, northern India, and

5507:

investment and created more than 100,000 jobs since 2003.

21453: 21427: 20872:"Article Sixteen of the 2004 Constitution of Afghanistan" 19362:

Indian Group Wins Rights to Mine in Afghanistan's Hajigak

19143:"Afghans say US team found huge potential mineral wealth" 18854:"Taliban leader bans cannabis cultivation in Afghanistan" 18707:"Is the United States Driving Afghanistan Toward Famine?" 16527:"Deadly quake a new blow to Afghans enervated by poverty" 15927:

Afghanistan | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary

15294: 15083: 13504: 13323: 12909:. By Anne Stenersen: a Paper presented at the conference 12814:"Refugee Admissions Program for Near East and South Asia" 12739: 11283: 11259:(reprint, illustrated ed.). Routledge. p. 416. 11150: 10811:

The Search For Shangri-La: A Journey into Tibetan History

10639:

The Search For Shangri-La: A Journey into Tibetan History

9601:

Cush, Denise; Robinson, Catherine; York, Michael (2012).

8432: 8423: 8414: 8405: 8396: 8390: 8387: 8378: 8256:

The traditional and the national sport of Afghanistan is

7114:, with an additional 300 to 400 being trained each year. 6893: 6012: 5527: 5515: 3411:, who was a "guest" of the Taliban and was operating his 2988:

and continued the policies of Nadir Shah. Another uncle,

2357:

on 13 July 1803. Shah Shuja attempted to consolidate the

1336:, which was the name used for ancient inhabitants of the 987: 27718:

Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

22528:

Fee, Christopher R.; Webb, Jeffrey B. (29 August 2016).

22158:"Hats Proliferate as Symbol of Pashtun Protest Movement" 20808:"Distribution of Afghan population by ethnic group 2020" 19874:"The Taliban are working to woo tourists to Afghanistan" 19856:"The Afghan artefacts that survived Taliban destruction" 19391:"U.S. Identifies Vast Riches of Minerals in Afghanistan" 17657:"Hillary Clinton says Afghanistan 'major non-Nato ally'" 17627:"Taliban still struggling for international recognition" 17074:"Taliban met ex-Afghan leader Karzai, Abdullah Abdullah" 16971: 16801: 14597:"NATO to Cut Forces in Afghanistan, Match US Withdrawal" 14567:"US withdrawal prompted collapse of Afghan army: Report" 13080: 13014: 12490: 12327: 12104:"Queen Soraya of Afghanistan: A woman ahead of her time" 12092:. Vol. 25. Americana Corporation. 1976. p. 24. 10780: 9076:"Key Figures In The Taliban's New Theocratic Government" 8762:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

8707:"Distribution of Afghan population by ethnic group 2020" 5215:

signing of a Treaty of Friendship in 1921 and 1978; and

4807:

On 17 August 2021, the leader of the Taliban-affiliated

4650:(the Presidential palace) in Kabul, photographed in 2020 4577:

The forest region of Afghanistan has vegetation such as

3553:

by 1 May. Soon after NATO troops began withdrawing, the

2740:. Following up on his victory, Ayub Khan unsuccessfully 2348:

invasion. Zaman Shah embarked on his third campaign for

1857:

had defeated the remaining Hindu rulers and effectively

1377:, was first attested in the 10th-century geography book 1080:

National Statistics Information Authority of Afghanistan

23619:

Afghanistan: A Short History of Its People and Politics

23493:

Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813

22766:

Land Beyond the River: The Untold Story of Central Asia

22689:"Attan – the fascinating national dance of Afghanistan" 21945: 21857:"Afghanistan Way of Life | Afghanistan's Web Site" 21607:"Childbirth and maternal health improve in Afghanistan" 20924:"What will happen to Afghanistan's national languages?" 19555:"Access to electricity (% of population) – Afghanistan" 18858:

Taliban leader bans cannabis cultivation in Afghanistan

18113:"The Taliban Pressure Women in Afghanistan to Cover Up" 16713:

Gritzner, Jeffrey A.; Shroder, John F. (14 June 2009).

15321:"Who will speak for Afghanistan at the United Nations?" 14219: 14111:. United States: ABC News. 31 July 2008. Archived from 11887: 11842: 11494: 10000:(Reprinted ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. p. 99. 9010:"The Risks Facing Hazaras in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan" 7697:

Afghan classical music has close historical links with

7611:. A popular theme in Afghan folklore and mythology are 7572:

being one of the most notable miniature artists of the

5744:

in Helmand Province contains 1,000,000 tonnes (980,000

4428:

Several types of mammals exist throughout Afghanistan.

4279:, and the melting snow in the spring season enters the 4247:

rises at the north of the Hindu Kush, while the nearby

2423:'s realm can be seen as the Emirate of Kabul, with the 1885:, whose architectural achievements included the remote 1160:

is sometimes considered to be the founder of the first

1132:. Afghanistan also served as the source from which the 1002:, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of 24685: 22744: 21993: 21933: 21329:

Blue, Victor J.; Zucchino, David (20 September 2021).

21040:'s Religion & Public Life Project. 9 August 2012. 20693:"Total fertility rate Comparison – The World Factbook" 20367: 19835: 19511:"Taliban Sign Multibillion-Dollar Afghan Mining Deals" 18879:"Afghanistan's red gold 'saffron' termed world's best" 17544: 17393:"Why has China recognised Taliban's envoy to Beijing?" 17017:"Loya Jirga Approves Release of 400 Taliban Prisoners" 16439:"Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Afghanistan" 16371:"Snow may end Afghan drought, but bitter winter looms" 16309: 16307: 15991:"Afghanistan: Cultural Crossroad at the Heart of Asia" 15557:"In numbers: Life in Afghanistan after America leaves" 14904:

Huylebroek, Jim; Blue, Victor J. (17 September 2021).

14170:

Protracted Displacement in Asia: No Place to Call Home

12998:

Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival

12594:

The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979–1982

12511:

A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan

11606: 11604: 11591: 11589: 11524: 11395:. The New American Cyclopaedia, Vol. I. Archived from 11162: 10933: 10029:(online ed.). Columbia University. Archived from 9507:[Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2020–21] 8260:, particularly popular in the north. It is similar to 7004:

in Kabul. Major universities outside of Kabul include

5223:

have often been tense for various reasons such as the

4338:

struck northwest of Herat, killing over 1,400 people.

3691:

In October 2023, the Pakistani government ordered the

1698:

vassals. In the mid-to-late first century CE the vast

1235:

and continued fighting among themselves following the

19573:"Afghanistan Has Capacity To Produce 310,000MW Power" 19476: 18969:. The Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU) 16502:. US Geological Survey. 1 August 2011. Archived from 14278:"Afghanistan votes in historic presidential election" 14252:"Huge security as Afghan presidential election looms" 13758:

Afghan Center for Socio-economic and Opinion Research

13316:"Women's Rights in the Taliban and Post-Taliban Eras" 11804:

By Edward Ingram. Frank Cass & Co, London, 1984.

9977:

words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological

8444: 8435: 8429: 8417: 8408: 8399: 8393: 8381: 8198:

in 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2013. The team played in the

8023: 7843:

Afghans have long been accustomed to watching Indian

7198:(the Pashtun way). Key tenets of Pashtunwali include 6251:. In rural Afghanistan, villagers often use donkeys, 3039: 1946:, the city of Herat served as the focal point of the 21851: 21849: 21847: 21845: 20606: 20505: 20503: 19900:"Photos: Tourist numbers up in post-war Afghanistan" 19657:"20,000 foreign tourists visit Afghanistan annually" 19654: 18915:"Saffron production hits record high in Afghanistan" 17880:"For Afghan Sikhs, it's between violence and exodus" 16874:"Hardliners get key posts in new Taliban government" 15611:. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 4 December 2023. 15499:"Taliban blasted for 'shocking oppression' of women" 15233:"Hardliners get key posts in new Taliban government" 14868: 13594:"Afghanistan resistance leader feared dead in blast" 13243:

Country profile: Afghanistan (published August 2008)

13197: 10414: 9942:, 1999, p. 275, Royal Scottish Geographical Society) 9443:"Taliban Changes Solar Year to Hijri Lunar Calendar" 8841:

Afghan | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary

8621: 8619: 8438: 8402: 8279: 7438:

were destroyed by the Taliban, who regarded them as

4694: 4514:

also live in the high mountains of Afghanistan, and

2368: 2152:

in 1752. Ahmad Shah had launched two campaigns into

2120:

had returned to Kandahar with a contingent of 4,000

1655:. Much of it soon broke away and became part of the 1262:

Afghanistan is rich in natural resources, including

176: 140: 60: 22460:"World's Oldest Oil Paintings Found in Afghanistan" 21670:"Pakistan-funded Afghan Hospital Begins Operations" 19702:"More than 200,000 tourists visit Bamyan this year" 18836:"Afghanistan now world's top cannabis source: U.N." 16991:"Politicians Express Mixed Reactions to Loya Jirga" 16443:

Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

16315:"Afghanistan Rivers Lakes – Afghanistan's Web Site" 16304: 15465:"Can the Taliban Tackle Corruption in Afghanistan?" 15259:"Taliban Announces Head of State, Acting Ministers" 13061:. Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005. Archived from 12877:. Infoplease.com. 11 September 2001. Archived from 12667:"Genocide and the Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan" 11706: 11640: 11628: 11616: 11601: 11586: 11574: 11555:

THE LAST PHASE OF MUSLIM RULE IN MULTAN (1752–1818)

11506: 10994: 10287:. Gandhara.com.au. 15 February 1989. Archived from 8881:

Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs

8420: 8384: 7760:. Perhaps the most famous artist of this genre was 6884:, as much as 90% are of the Sunni denomination, 7% 5377:claimed the decree is only advisory and no form of 5270:. Such qualification was rescinded by US President 4909:. Baradar or Yaqoob would be head of government as 3376: 3248:

Development of the civil war from 1992 to late 2001

1270:, and copper. It is the second-largest producer of 23788: 23577:Conflict in Afghanistan: A Historical Encyclopedia 23046: 22901:"Rare Heirloom Seeds – Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds" 21707:United States Agency for International Development 20973:Afghanistan in 2018: A Survey of the Afghan People 19798: 17417:|newspaper=ABC News|access-date=17 September 2024} 16775:Wahab, Shaista; Youngerman, Barry (14 June 2007). 14870: 14370:Sune Engel Rasmussen in Kabul (28 December 2014). 14083:"Canada's Engagement in Afghanistan: Backgrounder" 13750:"Afghan Futures: A National Public Opinion Survey" 13703:. CNN, 24 August 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2017. 13468: 13288:James Gerstenzan; Lisa Getter (18 November 2001). 12911:COIN in Afghanistan: From Mughals to the Americans 12703: 12424: 12375:America's Afghanistan War: The Success that Failed 12349:Afghanistan War: A Documentary and Reference Guide 10164:"Afghanistan: A Treasure Trove for Archaeologists" 10113: 10084: 9578:. Illinois Institute of Technology. Archived from 8764:, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. 8220:Ghazi Amanullah Khan International Cricket Stadium 7709:(poetic music) and instruments such as the Indian 7098:is estimated to be around 60 years. The country's 5290:Armed Forces of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 4593:, whereas the steppe grassland regions consist of 4090:. Afghanistan shares its longest land border (the 3344:in 1997 and 1998; Pakistan's Chief of Army Staff, 2459:. As a result, the brothers of Fateh Khan and the 2239:created a power vacuum in northern India, halting 2176:once again. Mashhad had fallen on 2 December, but 1344:literally means "horsemen", "horse breeders", or " 1243:controlled most of the country by 1996, but their 83: 23213:"Cricket is now the biggest sport in Afghanistan" 23021:Religions of Iran: From Prehistory to the Present 21842: 20759: 20757: 20500: 20287:"Iran Strongly Condemns Herat Railway Mine Blast" 20258:"Khaf-Herat railroad to be launched in Iran soon" 19450: 19448: 17760:"The LGBT community living under threat of death" 17103:Macias, Amanda; Turak, Natasha (18 August 2021). 16868: 16866: 16708: 16706: 16704: 15351:"China urges World Bank, IMF to help Afghanistan" 15177:"Taliban announce new government for Afghanistan" 14303:Harooni, Mirwais; Shalizi, Hamid (4 April 2014). 12816:. Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration. 12171: 12132: 11465: 10951: 10198:The Ancient Indus: Urbanism, Economy, and Society 8687: 8685: 8683: 8616: 5441:serves as the central bank of the nation and the 4940:and Kabul, calling for women to be included. The 4402:which occasionally receives summer monsoon rain. 4212:in the northeast. The country's highest point is 2607:. Dost Mohammad Khan defeated the British in the 2344:, but he retreated due to intel about a possible 2039:tribal leader, successfully rebelled against the 1519:in the south of the country) was a center of the 27664: 26615:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation 23423:Abi-Habib, Maria; Fazly, Walid (13 April 2011). 21732:DiNardo, Anne-Marie; LPA/PIPOS (31 March 2006). 21731: 21194:"Last Jew in Afghanistan en route to US: report" 20943: 20547:"Afghanistan – Population Reference Bureau" 20531:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 20444:"NSIA Estimates Afghanistan Population at 32.9M" 19229:"Afghanistan signs '$ 7 bn' oil deal with China" 16459:Earthquakes Pose a Serious Hazard in Afghanistan 14085:. Afghanistan.gc.ca. 9 July 2010. Archived from 12788:"Landmines in Afghanistan: A Decades Old Danger" 12534:Lacina, Bethany; Gleditsch, Nils Petter (2005). 11381: 9960:, 1915, p. 113, Christopher Molesworth Birdwood) 9653:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 9629:"The remarkable rugs of war, Drill Hall Gallery" 9600: 9539:"Why Is Afghanistan the 'Graveyard of Empires'?" 9232: 4701:Government of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 3455:at the time, Afghanistan had one of the highest 1284:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation 22950:"Yalda: Iranian celebration of winter solstice" 22868:"Everything You Need To Know About Afghan Food" 22762: 22438:"First-ever oil paintings found in Afghanistan" 22011: 21582: 21580: 21402:"Wardak seeks $ 3b in aid for school buildings" 20578:"Afghan Households in Iran: Profile and Impact" 19655:Navid Ahmad Barakzai, ed. (27 September 2016). 19425:"Afghanistan: die konfliktreichen Bodenschätze" 19340:"China Willing to Spend Big on Afghan Commerce" 19137: 19135: 18960: 18410:"Afghani Falls Against Dollar By 3% In A Month" 18380:"Interest Rate Cut in Place, Says Central Bank" 18111:Zucchino, David; Akbary, Yaqoob (21 May 2022). 18052: 16924: 16774: 16712: 16128: 16126: 16124: 16122: 16120: 16118: 16116: 16114: 14489: 14222:"How Many Troops Are Currently in Afghanistan?" 13501:"Re-Creating Afghanistan: Returning to Istalif" 12533: 12178:. Markus Wiener Publishers. pp. 275, 276. 11957:Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion in Perspective 11689:Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present 9758:"An Assessment of Taliban Rule at Three Months" 9240:. Emerald Expert Briefings. oxan–db (oxan–db). 9139: 8730: 8728: 7940:, the most widely consumed bread in Afghanistan 7102:rate is 396 deaths/100,000 live births and its 6189:(formerly Hamid Karzai International Airport), 6185:. The country has four international airports: 5756:. In 2007, a 30-year lease was granted for the 5370:, which leaves only the eyes uncovered). First 4951:As of June 2024, no country has recognized the 4944:announced on 7 September was men-only, and the 4874:, with cabinet ministers being revealed at the 4424:is the official national animal of Afghanistan. 2660:. Dost Mohammad led his final campaign against 1985:. Between the 16th and 18th century, the Uzbek 758:652,867 km (252,073 sq mi) ( 26879:SAARC Consortium on Open and Distance Learning 23553:Bleaney, C. H; Gallego, María Ángeles (2006). 23552: 23422: 22887:The Food and Culture Around the World Handbook 22613:"Afghanistan – The Rough Guide to World Music" 20939: 20937: 20765:"Unravelling the Afghan art of carpet weaving" 20754: 20084:"Afghan avalanches kill dozens, trap hundreds" 20054: 20021: 19994: 19445: 19056: 19054: 18110: 17518:Jamie Boex; Grace Buencamino; Deborah Kimble. 16863: 16770: 16768: 16766: 16701: 16090: 14903: 14302: 14166: 14133: 10873:"The Geographical Part of the NUZHAT-AL-QULUB" 10753:Ende, Werner; Steinbach, Udo (15 April 2010). 10563: 10329: 10327: 10020: 8680: 8650: 8648: 6984:(KU), both of which are located in Kabul. The 6216:; a 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) long line from 4886:, while other important positions would go to 3642:as minister of justice. On 20 September 2021, 3289:from Kabul in 1996, where they established an 3198:were also damaged from bombardment. After the 3145:, who became the new general secretary of the 2884:was abolished in 1923. King Amanullah's wife, 2880:, which made elementary education compulsory. 2522:, and then allying with his rival brothers in 2415:) and surrounding nations in 1839, during the 1251:. The Taliban returned to power in 2021 after 1213:coups, invasions, insurgencies, and civil wars 26986: 26889:South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme 26599: 26239: 25562: 25174: 24671: 24647: 23944: 23809: 23724:The Afghan Way of War: How and Why They Fight 23535:Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History 23210: 22716: 22714: 22607: 22605: 22603: 21758: 21282:"International Religious Freedom Report 2009" 21161: 20586:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 19418: 19416: 19070:(Technical report). USGS Afghanistan Project/ 18705:Fisher, Max; Taub, Amanda (29 October 2021). 18493:"::Welcome to Ghazi Amanullah Khan Website::" 18356:. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from 17681: 15776:"Syracruse University: The South Asia Center" 13660: 13157:The Taliban Phenomenon, Afghanistan 1994–1997 12279: 12139:. Markus Wiener Publishers. pp. 39, 40. 11754:"Great Britain's Great Game: An Introduction" 11551: 11444: 10752: 10308: 10306: 8736:"Afghan Ethnic Groups: A Brief Investigation" 8695:. World Population Review. 19 September 2021. 6395: 6201:. Including domestic airports, there are 43. 5865:(TAPI) gas pipeline. Power is managed by the 4506:and cheetahs exist in the semi-desert south. 3088:. The PDPA declared the establishment of the 2768:remained politically independent until being 23602:(2nd ed.). Oxford Pakistan Paperbacks. 23483: 23291: 23289: 23076:"Sikhs throng temples to celebrate Vaisakhi" 21965:Afghanistan: Kuchi nomads seek a better deal 21577: 21328: 21218: 20822:"The roots of Afghanistan's tribal tensions" 20313:"Rail Linkup With Afghanistan by March 2018" 20022:Gopalakrishnan, Ramamoorthy (13 June 1982). 19132: 18437:"Afghan Companies Say U.S. Did Not Pay Them" 17682:Mizelle, Shawna; Fossum, Sam (7 July 2022). 17495:. Iec.org.af. 9 October 2004. Archived from 16239: 16237: 16235: 16233: 16231: 16229: 16227: 16225: 16223: 16221: 16135:"Afghanistan: Physical and Social Geography" 16111: 14372:"Nato ends combat operations in Afghanistan" 14220:18 May 2018 at 11:38 am (18 May 2018). 14134:Crilly, Rob; Spillius, Alex (26 July 2010). 13290:"Laura Bush Addresses State of Afghan Women" 12513:. Harvard University Press. pp. 25–28. 12306: 12283:Afghanistan under Soviet Domination, 1964–91 11320: 10986:Richard Nyrop; Donald Seekins, eds. (1986). 10242: 10082: 8725: 7988:Afghanistan's official New Year starts with 6976:The top universities in Afghanistan are the 6780:) and functions as the lingua franca, while 6011:, believed by many to be the location where 5991:. A cloak reputedly worn by Islam's prophet 5004:The 34 provinces in alphabetical order are: 4666:government of Afghanistan. According to the 3541:Aftermath of the Afghanistan War (2001–2021) 3531:, leading to the Taliban takeover of Kabul. 2090:. Soon after, the Persian and Afghan forces 1550:. The region at the time was referred to as 1523:. More recent findings established that the 1148:cultural spheres, the area was a center for 169: 142:Lā ʾilāha ʾillā llāh, Muhammadun rasūlu llāh 134: 45: 27561:North Korea and weapons of mass destruction 23834:Inside Afghanistan: End of the Taliban Era? 23524:Bibliography of the history of Central Asia 22380:"The Potter: Crafting Afghanistan's future" 22264:. National Book Trust, India. p. 228. 21759:Norton-Taylor, Richard (13 February 2008). 21164:"Afghan Jew Becomes Country's One and Only" 21016:The Swedish Committee for Afghanistan (SCA) 20934: 20343:RaillyNews | Dailly Railway News in English 20024:"The Geography and Politics of Afghanistan" 19659:. Pajhwok Afghan News (PAN). Archived from 19051: 18571: 17958:Lyons, Kate; Blight, Garry (27 July 2015). 17957: 17919:Mashal, Mujib; Abed, Fahim (19 July 2020). 17102: 16763: 14404:"U.S. formally ends the war in Afghanistan" 14341:"U.S. formally ends the war in Afghanistan" 12422: 12248: 12246: 11252: 10590: 10567:Encyclopedia of Ancient Asian Civilizations 10395:on Afghanistan. August 2008. Archived from 10324: 10194: 9804:"The Taliban: Unrecognized and unrepentant" 8645: 8216:Alokozay Kabul International Cricket Ground 8105:The ancient national sport of Afghanistan, 7279:houses. Villages typically have a headman ( 7271:In the villages, families typically occupy 7249:, and the groom is often expected to pay a 6019:in Kabul hosts a large number of Buddhist, 5234:, but has had notable unofficial ties with 4961: 3683:due to an economic and banking crisis. The 1694:subjugated the region but lost it to their 1453: 1373:. The Arabic and Persian form of the name, 27753:States and territories established in 1747 27748:States and territories established in 1709 26993: 26979: 26894:Foundation of SAARC Writers and Literature 26606: 26592: 26246: 26232: 25569: 25555: 25181: 25167: 24678: 24664: 23951: 23937: 23136: 22711: 22600: 22262:Medieval India the study of a civilization 21821: 21642:. Afghan Ministry of Health. August 2004. 21590:. UNESCO. 27 November 2016. Archived from 21089: 20228:"Afghan-Turkmenistan railroad inaugurated" 19413: 18704: 17918: 15716:"South Asia: Data, Projects, and Research" 14486:, First international edition (March 2015) 13937: 13475:. University of Washington Press. p. 13264:The women of Afghanistan under the Taliban 12710:. University of Washington Press. p. 12508: 12217:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 35. 12210: 12172:Muḥammad, Fayz̤; McChesney, R. D. (1999). 12133:Muḥammad, Fayz̤; McChesney, R. D. (1999). 10303: 7797: 6670: 6402: 6388: 6003:and the first capital of Afghanistan. The 5833:Afghanistan electricity supply (1980–2019) 5768:won the mining rights to develop the huge 5733:, copper, gold, coal, iron ore, and other 5411:), for which Afghanistan is famous in Asia 4632: 4239:, large parts of the country are dry. The 3236:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001) 3020:nor aligned with either power bloc in the 2546:and the Afghan army failed to capture the 2268:Sardars and influential tribal leaders in 1466:Hindu and Buddhist heritage of Afghanistan 922: 205: 195: 68: 28:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001) 27733:Pashto-speaking countries and territories 23900:web resources provided by GovPubs at the 23656: 23286: 22421: 21495: 21122:"Afghanistan: Sikhs rebuilding gurdwaras" 20642: 20632: 19494: 16846: 16828: 16627: 16469:. Fact Sheet FS 2007–3027. Archived from 16218: 16161: 14627: 12664: 11316: 11314: 10757:. Cornell University Press. p. 257. 10201:. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. 10043: 7992:, an ancient tradition that started as a 7975: 7752:Pop music developed in the 1950s through 7092:15th least developed country in the world 6842:taught in public schools during the 1980s 6695:Ethnolinguistic map of Afghanistan (2001) 5869:(DABS, Afghanistan Electricity Company). 5210:Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Afghanistan) 4452:region of north-east Afghanistan. Foxes, 3221: 3000:nationalist who sought the creation of a 1981:who had ruled the Delhi Sultanate in the 1659:. They were defeated and expelled by the 1223:, and subsequent infighting prompted the 1098:has witnessed numerous military campaigns 27358:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) 23958: 23902:University of Colorado Boulder Libraries 23810:Omrani, Bijan; Leeming, Matthew (2011). 23762: 23573: 23531: 22966: 22889:. 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Ashgate Publishing. pp. 108–109. 12243: 11724: 11168: 11156: 10632: 10630: 10336:The Idea of Iran, an essay on its Origin 10315:The Idea of Iran, an Essay on its Origin 9990: 9860:"Afghanistan's Saffron on Media | AfGOV" 9695:"Afghanistan: the land that forgot time" 9536: 9505:د هېواد د وګړو اټکل برآورد نفوس کشور1399 8100: 7979: 7932: 7705:. Genres of this style of music include 7685: 7479: 7393: 7255: 7169: 7069: 6986:National Military Academy of Afghanistan 6941: 6857: 6690: 6285:form the world's largest tribal society. 6276: 6137: 6100: 5939: 5897: 5828: 5632: 5568: 5471: 5398: 5006: 4670:Afghanistan in 2023 was the third least 4654:Following the effective collapse of the 4642: 4518:exist in some parts of the country. The 4415: 4345: 4222: 4148: 3612:Taliban fighters in Kabul on a captured 3607: 3507: 3418: 3243: 3078:People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan 3063: 2972: 2820: 2639:'s army, and the punitive expedition of 2580: 2406: 2245: 2014: 1895: 1861:the wider region, with the exception of 1755: 1596: 1469: 790: 27066:Operation Enduring Freedom participants 24150: 24085:Reforms of Amānullāh Khān and civil war 23720: 23699: 23455: 22947: 22884: 22675:"Afghanistan's Traditional Dance-Attan" 22631:"Ahmad Zahir: The Voice of Afghanistan" 22527: 22052:. Human Rights Watch. 20 October 2017. 21246: 20921: 20417: 20225: 19169:"Deposits Could Aid Ailing Afghanistan" 19098: 19096: 18322:Mehrotra, Kartikay (16 December 2013). 17817:"'Fake Life': Being Gay in Afghanistan" 16680: 16524: 16347:. NASA. 3 February 2006. Archived from 15796:"Center for South Asian Studies (CSAS)" 14059:. Afghanistan.usaid.gov. Archived from 14026:"Rebuilding Afghanistan: The U.S. Role" 13466: 12701: 12640:. Transaction Publishers. p. 129. 12397: 12042: 12015: 11417: 10692: 10541:. alamahabibi.com. 1969. Archived from 9755: 9569: 9307: 9305: 9303: 9301: 9299: 9297: 9168: 8566: 8337: 8163:won the first team sports title at the 8112:Sport in Afghanistan is managed by the 8057:is celebrated on 19 August to mark the 7828:was broadcasting local radio services. 7210:. The remaining Afghans are culturally 5863:Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India 5729:The country has significant amounts of 3559:offensive against the Afghan government 3551:withdrawing its troops from Afghanistan 3441:International Security Assistance Force 2922:, King Zahir's reign was challenged by 2510:in March 1823 and captured the city of 2116:After the death of Nader Shah in 1747, 2086:, the last Hotak stronghold, from Shah 2051:, who was soon killed by Mirwais's son 1794:between the dominant religions such as 27665: 26899:SAARC Chamber of Commerce and Industry 25576: 23851: 23816:(2nd ed.). 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Archived from 18174: 18141: 18021: 17624: 17550: 16345:"Snow in Afghanistan: Natural Hazards" 16132: 15962: 15509:from the original on 12 September 2023 14960:"UCDP – Uppsala Conflict Data Program" 14532: 13938:Makhmalbaf, Mohsen (1 November 2001). 13853:"United States Mission to Afghanistan" 13591: 13448:from the original on 13 September 2018 13388:from the original on 16 September 2011 13375: 13350: 12992: 12736:"Soldiers of God: Cold War (Part 1/5)" 12019:The Origins of Conflict in Afghanistan 11953: 11751: 11658: 11451:. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. 11311: 11192: 11180: 10871:Hamd-Allah Mustawfi of Qazwin (1340). 10722: 10665: 10618: 10420: 10130: 10128: 9104: 9073: 9007: 8919: 8820:from the original on 20 September 2016 8742:from the original on 18 September 2021 8713:from the original on 18 September 2021 8668:from the original on 18 September 2021 8507:to be part of India. However, this is 8069:. Some regional festivals include the 7380:originates from northern Afghanistan. 7275:houses, or compounds with mudbrick or 6411:Largest cities or towns in Afghanistan 6224:border (where it continues as part of 5479:are one of Afghanistan's main exports. 4568:, among others. Endemic flora include 3483:. Following 2002, nearly five million 3252:Another civil war broke out after the 3190:were planted, and some cities such as 2361:but was deposed by his brother at the 2309:. Timur Shah was succeeded by his son 27595:Targeted Killing in International Law 27476:Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse 26974: 26904:South Asian Federation of Accountants 26587: 26227: 25550: 25162: 24659: 24646: 23932: 23830: 23786: 23616: 23137:Ellingwood, Anselma (11 March 2024). 23074:Mahbob, Mahbob Shah (11 April 2013). 23044: 23024:. Oneworld Publications. p. 29. 23014: 22396: 22259: 21895: 21604: 21496:Neda Safi, Tooba (17 February 2023). 21404:. Pajhwok Afghan News. 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Pashto is the native tongue of the 5242:and allied nations, particularly the 3574:with a reported 6,000+ troops in the 3534: 2814:, and entering British India via the 1958:as the center of a cultural rebirth. 1938:(aka Tamerlane), who established the 1188:saw a British victory. Following the 27641: 23741: 23386:from the original on 3 November 2019 23295: 22948:Rezaian, Lachin (20 December 2015). 22931:"Afghanistan Holidays and Festivals" 22817:"Encounters with Bollywood in Kabul" 22797:from the original on 5 February 2017 22422:Wilkinson, Isambard (14 June 2018). 22089: 21822:Haussegger, Virginia (2 July 2009). 21261:from the original on 27 January 2012 20993:Khan, M. Ilyas (12 September 2015). 20992: 20432:from the original on 9 October 2022. 20114:from the original on 5 November 2014 19976:from the original on 21 January 2018 19700:Basharat, Hakim (3 September 2017). 19422: 19093: 18917:. Xinhua News Agency. 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The conflict began in 1978 when a 923: 69: 27728:Member states of the United Nations 23491:Mehta, Jaswant Lal (January 2005). 23164:"Nowruz celebration in Afghanistan" 22865: 22769:. St. Martin's Press. p. 127. 22763:Monica Whitlock (24 October 2003). 21667: 21247:Gebauer, Matthias (20 March 2006). 21139:Chabba, Seerat (8 September 2021). 20995:"Pakistan's confusing move to Urdu" 20164:"EU To Impose Ban on Afghan Planes" 18717:from the original on 26 March 2023. 18612:. USAID Afghanistan. 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He was forced to give up 2059:, and captured the city after the 1977:would go on to conquer the Afghan 1737: 1718:who, in turn, was replaced by the 1710:in the 3rd century CE, though the 1690:During the first century BCE, the 1570:within its eastern boundaries. An 1231:fought against the Soviets in the 1225:Soviet Union to invade Afghanistan 1092:era. Popularly referred to as the 573:Restoration of the Durrani Kingdom 14: 27774: 27526:Enhanced interrogation techniques 27322:Georgia Sustainment and Stability 27210:al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula 27000: 26255:Economic Cooperation Organization 23875: 23490: 23274:from the original on 13 June 2019 23244:from the original on 11 July 2018 23211:Uthra Ganesan (11 January 2016). 23166:. Mehr News Agency. 24 March 2022 23053:. Soft Skull Press. p. 135. 23045:Alavi, Nasrin (8 November 2015). 22994:Hamedy, Saba (20 December 2013). 22973:. 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The country is a member of the 211:Afghanistan's neighbors and towns 27640: 27631: 27630: 27501:Combatant Status Review Tribunal 27450:President's Surveillance Program 27445:Military Commissions Act of 2009 27440:Military Commissions Act of 2006 27393:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 27368:Moro conflict in the Philippines 27363:Insurgency in the North Caucasus 26562: 26538: 26524: 26510: 26496: 26482: 26468: 26454: 26440: 26426: 26412: 25705: 25234: 25188: 25140: 25129: 25128: 24955: 23906: 23703:The Making of Modern Afghanistan 23683:Afghanistan: An Abridged History 23449: 23437:from the original on 26 May 2015 23416: 23398: 23372: 23360:from the original on 28 May 2019 23346: 23316: 23256: 23230: 23204: 23178: 23156: 23130: 23104: 23086: 23067: 23038: 23008: 22987: 22960: 22941: 22923: 22893: 22878: 22859: 22849:"Vilifying Afghans in Bollywood" 22841: 22827: 22809: 22783: 22756: 22681: 22667: 22651:. Afghanland.com. Archived from 22641: 22623: 22584:. Afghan-web.com. 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Afghanistan Analysts Network. 19988: 19958: 19936: 19914: 19892: 19866: 19847: 19817: 19790: 19760: 19730: 19712: 19693: 19675: 19648: 19618: 19583: 19565: 19547: 19525: 19503: 19470: 19379: 19354: 19332: 19308: 19273: 19247: 19221: 19186: 19161: 19029: 19007: 18981: 18954: 18925: 18907: 18889: 18871: 18845: 18827: 18813: 18787: 18761: 18739: 18721: 18698: 18676: 18651: 18628: 18602: 18565: 18538: 18511: 18485: 18459: 18428: 18402: 18390:from the original on 4 July 2019 18372: 18346: 18315: 18303:from the original on 21 May 2022 18283: 18252: 18221: 18195: 18183:from the original on 20 May 2022 18168: 18156:from the original on 20 May 2022 18135: 18123:from the original on 22 May 2022 18104: 18092:from the original on 20 May 2022 18077: 18065:from the original on 14 May 2022 18046: 18015: 17984: 17951: 17912: 17871: 17839: 17808: 17778: 17751: 17720: 17694: 17675: 17663:from the original on 5 July 2019 17649: 17625:Latifi, Ali M (7 October 2021). 17618: 17586: 17556: 17532:from the original on 4 July 2019 17511: 17485: 17446: 17434:from the original on 4 July 2019 17420: 17407: 17384: 17358: 17332: 17310: 17280: 17250: 17220: 17188: 17157: 17127: 17096: 17065: 17035: 17009: 16983: 16959:from the original on 23 May 2019 16953:"Q&A: What is a loya jirga?" 16945: 16918: 16892: 16795: 16733: 16674: 16644: 16583: 16553: 16541:from the original on 3 July 2022 16518: 16488: 16456:Crone, Anthony J. 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Psychology Press. p. 62. 12204: 12165: 12126: 12096: 12079: 12036: 12009: 11974: 11947: 11929: 11899: 11854: 11815: 11788: 11758:The International History Review 11745: 11718: 11679: 11652: 11545: 11518: 11477: 11438: 11411: 11053:from the original on 13 May 2011 11039:Page, Susan (18 February 2009). 10723:Yossef, Noam Bar'am-Ben (1998). 10366:from the original on 23 May 2021 10093:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; 10083:Nölle-Karimi, Christine (2020). 10064:from the original on 9 July 2019 9518:from the original on 3 July 2020 9282:from the original on 26 May 2023 8567:Tharoor, Ishaan (19 June 2013). 8374: 8296: 8282: 8192:2009–10 ICC Intercontinental Cup 8097:Traditional games of Afghanistan 7222:, while some Pashtuns have been 6493: 6483: 6456: 6446: 6038: 5204:Foreign relations of Afghanistan 4927:1964 Constitution of Afghanistan 4857:2004 Constitution of Afghanistan 4784: 4775:Second Deputy Leader and Acting 4763: 4736: 4715: 4627:Forest Landscape Integrity Index 4055: 3958: 3944: 3935: 3916: 3902: 3893: 3867: 3845: 3823: 3801: 3768: 3746: 3724: 3644:United Nations Secretary-General 3377:US invasion and Islamic Republic 2752:territories were divided by the 2004: 895: 894: 789: 603:Dost Mohammad unites Afghanistan 114: 100: 27317:Georgia Train and Equip Program 26193:Indian Institutes of Technology 26175:Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes 26104:South Asian Football Federation 24489:Opium production in Afghanistan 22134:. 12 March 2018. Archived from 21065:"Sikhs struggle in Afghanistan" 20786:Central Statistics Organization 19797:Smith, Oliver (20 April 2018). 19423:Hosp, Gerald (31 August 2021). 19255:"Afghanistan's Mineral Fortune" 18961:David Mansfield (23 May 2022). 18663:World Integrated Trade Solution 18590:from the original on 1 May 2017 18202:Nader, Zahra (28 August 2023). 18034:from the original on 7 May 2022 18022:George, Susannah (7 May 2022). 17453:Ahmed, Azam (8 December 2012). 17167:Taliban Views on a Future State 15698:. Pubs.usgs.gov. Archived from 15527:Afghan Refugees, Costs of War, 14628:Robertson, Nic (24 June 2021). 14516:. 30 March 2015. Archived from 13824:United Nations Security Council 13507:. 1 August 2002. Archived from 13101:. November 1998. Archived from 12637:The Widening Circle of Genocide 12045:Journal of Contemporary History 11375: 11345: 11277: 11246: 11213: 11186: 11141: 11132: 11072:Dale, Stephen Frederic (1998). 11065: 11032: 11006: 10979: 10945: 10899: 10864: 10830: 10802: 10774: 10746: 10716: 10686: 10659: 10621:Zoroastriansm among the Kushans 10612: 10591:Weber, Olivier; Unesco (2002). 10584: 10557: 10525: 10486: 10456: 10426: 10378: 10277: 10253: 10236: 10227: 10188: 10156: 10076: 10050:. Wiley Blackwell. p. 18. 10037: 10014: 9984: 9912: 9882: 9852: 9826: 9796: 9749: 9719: 9687: 9661: 9621: 9594: 9563: 9530: 9497: 9465: 9449:. 26 March 2022. Archived from 9435: 9405: 9361: 9319:from the original on 1 May 2023 9315:. International Monetary Fund. 9264: 9255: 9226: 9195: 9162: 9149:United Nations Security Council 9140:T. S. Tirumurti (26 May 2022). 9133: 9086:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 9039: 8870: 8832: 8806: 8778: 8754: 8608:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan 8493: 8463: 8367: 8350: 8247:Afghanistan Football Federation 8077:, and the Damboora Festival in 7838:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 7383: 7078:in Kabul is one of the largest 6963:universities around the country 6916:Jewish community in Afghanistan 6330: 6258: 6179:Pakistan International Airlines 6093:List of airports in Afghanistan 5999:in Kandahar, a city founded by 5825:Renewable energy in Afghanistan 5712:United States Geological Survey 5431:. It has $ 2.8 billion in 5307: 5294:Afghan National Security Forces 5264:Strategic Partnership Agreement 4796:Third Deputy Leader and Acting 4656:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan 4480:, and large carnivores such as 4405: 4100:Sistan and Baluchestan Province 3525:Afghan National Security Forces 3481:Afghan National Security Forces 3477:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan 3387:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan 3279:madrassas (schools) in Pakistan 2712:of 1879, making it an official 2644:surrounding states such as the 2148:in 1750, and had also captured 1748:Mongol invasion of Central Asia 1744:Muslim conquests of Afghanistan 1316:Some scholars suggest that the 1086:Human habitation in Afghanistan 136:لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله 27506:Criticism of the war on terror 27460:Terrorist Surveillance Program 27265:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan 27018:War in Afghanistan (2001-2021) 25070:British Indian Ocean Territory 23912:Wikimedia Atlas of Afghanistan 23858:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 23538:. Princeton University Press. 23324:"2009–10 Intercontinental Cup" 23049:We Are Iran: The Persian Blogs 22870:. foodrepublic. Archived from 22366:"Giving Back – Seret and Sons" 22118:"Karzai heads for hat trouble" 20748:"Can Cities Save Afghanistan?" 20488:United Nations and Afghanistan 18897:"Afghan Saffron, World's Best" 18435:Gall, Carlotta (7 July 2010). 17878:Kumar, Ruchi (28 March 2020). 17342:. BBC News. 8 September 2021. 16876:. BBC News. 7 September 2021. 16778:A Brief History of Afghanistan 16047:"CIA Factbook – Area: 41" 15235:. BBC News. 7 September 2021. 15179:. BBC News. 7 September 2021. 14533:Borger, Julian (18 May 2022). 13879:"Afghanistan's Refugee Crisis" 13761:. 29 January 2015. p. 4. 13233:(New York: Penguin, 2005), 14. 12543:European Journal of Population 12509:Kalinovsky, Artemy M. (2011). 12346:Wadle, Ryan (1 October 2018). 12280:Anthony Hyman (27 July 2016). 12022:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 11665:. Da Capo Press. p. 126. 11357:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 10386:"Country Profile: Afghanistan" 10101:(3rd ed.). Brill Online. 9940:Scottish Geographical Magazine 8796:(Retrieved 13 November 2007). 8699: 8629:. 3 March 2016. Archived from 8601: 8560: 8534: 8324: 7331:. Women would normally wear a 6990:United States Military Academy 6205:is a major military airfield. 6191:Kandahar International Airport 6017:National Museum of Afghanistan 5867:Da Afghanistan Breshna Sherkat 5807:signed mining contracts worth 5564: 5447:Afghanistan International Bank 5266:in which Afghanistan became a 4153:Floodplain cultivation in the 4102:, South Khorasan Province and 3695:. Iran also decided to deport 3649:received a letter from acting 3472:, and the Taliban insurgency. 3443:(ISAF) was established by the 3383:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 2223:. He met Mughal armies at the 1912:Mongol army overran the region 1901:Mongol invasions and conquests 1842:Muslims of Zaranj. Later, the 1647:'s rule ended, leading to the 1460:Ancient history of Afghanistan 1383:. The last part of the name, " 1245:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 1156:in the 18th century, although 1000:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 732:Restoration of Islamic Emirate 39:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 1: 27541:Guantanamo Bay detention camp 27184:Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq 26909:SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund 23917:Research Guide to Afghanistan 22866:Ali, Tanveer (31 July 2012). 22635:daily.redbullmusicacademy.com 22290:The Christian Science Monitor 22227:Rivista degli studi orientali 22012:Bahgam, S; Mukhatari (2004). 21896:Blood, Peter R., ed. (1998). 21611:The Christian Science Monitor 21310:. BBC News. 18 September 2021 20746:Karimi, Ali (20 March 2015). 20026:. Concept Publishing Company. 19738:"Origins of the hippie trail" 18635:Nickel, Rod (12 April 2018). 18574:"Afghanistan country profile" 18469:. dcda.gov.af. Archived from 18175:Fraser, Simon (19 May 2022). 16397:The Christian Science Monitor 14343:. No. online. CBA News. 14197:. BBC News. 15 October 2015. 13913:Doctors Without Borders – USA 13031:. 7 July 2005. Archived from 12871:"Afghanistan: History – 12427:Afghanistan: A Modern History 12307:Ron Synovitz (18 July 2003). 11995:10.1080/03068374.2015.1081001 11954:Arnold, Anthony (June 1985). 11770:10.1080/07075332.1980.9640210 11552:Muhammad Khan, Ashiq (1998). 11418:Snedden, Christopher (2015). 10838:"A.—The Hindu Kings of Kábul" 9979:. Henry Yule, A. D. Burnell). 9945:"Afghans are Assakani of the 9202:Dawi, Akmal (28 March 2023). 8814:"Constitution of Afghanistan" 8775:(Retrieved 13 November 2007). 8693:"Afghanistan Population 2021" 8656:"Afghanistan's ethnic mosaic" 8522: 7721:, and local instruments like 7626:of Herat, a great mystic and 7587: 6289: 6232:across the Turkmen border to 6157:, and by the private company 6097:Rail transport in Afghanistan 6045:Communications in Afghanistan 5539:frozen about $ 9 billion 4995:Prime Minister of Afghanistan 4073:once wrote about the country: 3601:, as well as an anti-Taliban 3595:Uppsala Conflict Data Program 3433:Afghan Interim Administration 3256:of a dysfunctional coalition 3076:In April 1978, the communist 2800:Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition 2695:. Sher Ali won the resulting 2603:, and in August 1839, seized 2254: 2208:once again, and captured it. 1834:as protectors of Buddha. The 1286:and a founding member of the 1066:, which are separated by the 185:This Is the Home of the Brave 154:is the messenger of Allah." ( 85:Imārat-i Islāmī-yi Afğānistān 27516:Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri 27408:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen 25470:Human rights in Central Asia 24409:Current provincial governors 24263:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan 23852:Runion, Meredith L. (2007). 23143:Feminist Majority Foundation 22384:The Khaama Press News Agency 22132:"Traditional Afghan Clothes" 21903:Afghanistan: a country study 21092:"Hindus Abandon Afghanistan" 20669:. World Bank. Archived from 20634:10.1371/journal.pone.0223111 18522:. Designmena. Archived from 18259:Ali, Rabia (1 August 2023). 18228:Thoms, Silja (8 July 2023). 18142:Gannon, Kathy (8 May 2022). 17821:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty 17019:. TOLO News. 9 August 2020. 16993:. TOLO News. 7 August 2020. 16902:. BBC News. 24 August 2021. 16500:USGS Projects in Afghanistan 16072:"International Land Border." 16021:World Development Indicators 13181:George Washington University 12845:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty 12423:Rasanayagam, Angelo (2005). 11327:Packard Humanities Institute 11074:"The Legacy of the Timurids" 11014:"Central Asian world cities" 10988:Afghanistan: A Country Study 10915:Packard Humanities Institute 10881:Packard Humanities Institute 10877:Translated by Guy Le Strange 10846:Packard Humanities Institute 10813:. Little, Brown Book Group. 10672:. Rowman & Littlefield. 10641:. Little, Brown Book Group. 9015:George Washington University 8951:Sadr, Omar (23 March 2022). 8527: 8188:Afghan national cricket team 7814:Radio Television Afghanistan 7430:, the ancient Greek city of 7260:A house occupied by nomadic 7076:Daoud Khan Military Hospital 6959:Ministry of Higher Education 6931: 6677:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan 5979:are also very historic. The 5011:Afghanistan is divided into 4921:is likely to be promoted to 4905:, and would be based out of 4839:, with the aim of forming a 4310:The northeastern Hindu Kush 3702: 3232:Afghan Civil War (1996–2001) 3228:Afghan Civil War (1992–1996) 3104:by 1979, waged by guerrilla 3054:Afghan Civil War (1989–1992) 2897:Afghan Civil War (1928–1929) 2868:on 9 June 1926, forming the 2844:Amanullah Khan declared the 2726:much of Northern Afghanistan 2697:Afghan Civil War (1863–1869) 2554:, but killed Sikh Commander 2403:Afghan Civil War (1928–1929) 2332:and Mahmud Shah centered in 2172:, and on 23 July, he sieged 1969:and captured Kabul from the 1752:Ghaznavid campaigns in India 1722:. They were replaced by the 1369:was used to refer to ethnic 1305: 1274:, and third largest of both 84: 21:Afghanistan (disambiguation) 7: 27678:1709 establishments in Asia 27584:State Sponsors of Terrorism 27455:Protect America Act of 2007 26628:South Asian Free Trade Area 23892:Central Intelligence Agency 23727:. Oxford University Press. 23556:Afghanistan: a bibliography 23518:Bibliography of Afghanistan 21736:. Usaid.gov. Archived from 21668:Gul, Ayaz (20 April 2019). 20551:Population Reference Bureau 20420:"The Pashtun Tribal System" 20102:"Afghan bus crash kills 45" 18412:. TOLOnews. 18 April 2019. 18088:. Kabul, Afghanistan: CNN. 17164:Osman, Borhan (July 2016). 16716:Afghanistan, Second Edition 16255:Central Intelligence Agency 13838: 31 May 2001. – ( 13355:. I.B.Tauris. p. 253. 11861:Onley, James (March 2009). 11424:. Oxford University Press. 11227:. Brill. 2009. p. 55. 11199:. Oxford University Press. 10917:. 1867–1877. Archived from 10848:. 1867–1877. Archived from 10785:. Oxford University Press. 9773:(9). West Point, New York: 8275: 8059:Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 8024: 7847:films and listening to its 7808:Afghanistan has around 350 7630:saint in the 11th century, 7390:Architecture of Afghanistan 7287:) and a religious teacher ( 7237:. Afghan culture is deeply 6847: 6828:), partly due to returning 6269:Demographics of Afghanistan 6195:Herat International Airport 6187:Kabul International Airport 5872:Important dams include the 5541:in assets belonging to the 5514:Afghanistan is a member of 5314:Human rights in Afghanistan 5277: 4946:Ministry of Women's Affairs 4798:First Deputy Prime Minister 4440:live in the high elevation 4381:basin in the east, and the 4140:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province 3673:International Monetary Fund 3651:minister of foreign affairs 3638:was formed, which included 3491:became president after the 3466:Taliban began an insurgency 3407:, the prime suspect of the 3260:between leaders of various 3124:Inter-Services Intelligence 3036:, abolishing the monarchy. 2920:tribal revolts of 1944–1947 2532:Expedition of Shuja ul-Mulk 2166:Ahmad Shah returned in 1754 2023:(centered in Kandahar) and 1942:in 1370. Under the rule of 1930:in the northwest while the 1365:Historically, the ethnonym 1237:Soviets' withdrawal in 1989 808:48.08/km (124.5/sq mi) 302:(2019 unofficial estimates) 177: 141: 62:Də Afġānistān Islāmī Imārat 61: 10: 27779: 27521:Killing of Osama bin Laden 27398:War in Somalia (2006–2009) 27353:Operation Active Endeavour 26884:SAARC Documentation Centre 26573:(as Turkish Cypriot State) 26198:Inventions and discoveries 26170:Sino-Indian border dispute 25917:Human rights in South Asia 25703: 25074:British Overseas Territory 24687:Countries and dependencies 24570:Pashtunwali (Pashtun life) 24509:Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline 23855:The History of Afghanistan 23657:Griffiths, John C (2001). 23521: 23515: 23465:. HMH Books. p. 100. 22905:Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds 22120:. BBC News. 28 April 2002. 21067:. BBC News. Archived from 19458:. Global Footprint Network 19280:Tucker, Ronald D. (2011). 19193:Klett, T.R. (March 2006). 16830:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 15559:. BBC News. 13 July 2021. 14496:Australian National Review 14280:. BBC News. 5 April 2014. 14254:. BBC News. 4 April 2014. 13467:Goodson, Larry P. (2002). 12702:Goodson, Larry P. (2001). 12211:Hafizullah, Emadi (2005). 12057:10.1177/002200949703200207 11225:The Encyclopaedia of Islam 10044:Vogelsang, Willem (2002). 9775:Combating Terrorism Center 9607:. Routledge. p. 200. 8171:won the gold medal at the 8094: 8088: 8063:International Workers' Day 7972:, yogurt, rice, and meat. 7926: 7922: 7801: 7679: 7591: 7552:, produced by a fusion of 7473: 7387: 7353:which acts as a coat. The 7309:and milk from the nomads. 7163: 7159: 7063: 6935: 6851: 6752:' by some Afghans like in 6684: 6674: 6482: 6445: 6380: 6262: 6090: 6084: 6042: 5989:UNESCO World Heritage Site 5891: 5887: 5818: 5626: 5392: 5388: 5322:LGBT rights in Afghanistan 5311: 5281: 5207: 5201: 4965: 4870:would be officially named 4704: 4698: 4636: 4409: 4361:with harsh winters in the 4341: 4332:destructive 5.9 earthquake 4281:rivers, lakes, and streams 4172:that stretches to eastern 4136:Gilgit-Baltistan territory 3706: 3630:and acting prime minister 3538: 3498:Operation Resolute Support 3493:2014 presidential election 3380: 3356:Excessive citations inline 3313:Excessive citations inline 3225: 3169:Excessive citations inline 3057: 3043: 2789:, the "Iron Amir", in 1900 2728:. Abdur Rahman marched on 2666:Second Anglo-Afghan treaty 2372: 2136:. Ahmad Shah had captured 2105: 2008: 1961:In the early 16th century 1741: 1463: 1457: 1446: 1442: 1309: 1249:US invasion of Afghanistan 588:Restoration of the Emirate 25: 18: 27713:Least developed countries 27626: 27468: 27420: 27388:Terrorism in Saudi Arabia 27345: 27337:Drone strikes in Pakistan 27293: 27286: 27230:Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami 27197: 27136: 27129: 27053: 27046: 27008: 26917: 26871: 26850: 26794: 26743: 26634: 26622: 26554: 26403: 26327: 26302: 26269: 26262: 26183: 26157: 26134: 26089: 26022: 25957: 25903: 25880: 25802: 25714: 25584: 25521: 25483: 25441: 25366: 25243: 25232: 25196: 25114: 25087: 25056: 25040: 25019: 25006: 24964: 24953: 24697: 24653: 24648:Links to related articles 24597: 24535: 24526: 24464: 24455: 24364: 24355: 24253: 24201: 24192: 23985:Indus Valley civilisation 23970: 23532:Barfield, Thomas (2012). 23484:General and cited sources 22967:Roessing, Lesley (2012). 22558:. BBC News. 6 July 2011. 21975:10 September 2011 at the 21912:Federal Research Division 21556:World Health Organization 21428:"UNESCO UIS: Afghanistan" 21012:"Religion in Afghanistan" 19970:afghanistanembassy.org.uk 19181:The Brookings Institution 19175:23 September 2011 at the 19111:British Geological Survey 19104:"Minerals in Afghanistan" 18518:Ephgrave, Oliver (2011). 17659:. BBC News. 7 July 2012. 16955:. BBC News. 1 July 2002. 13266:. McFarland. p. 41. 13262:Skain, Rosemarie (2002). 12555:10.1007/s10680-005-6851-6 11285:Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah 11090:10.1017/S1356186300016424 10140:. Encarta. Archived from 9973:A Glossary of Colloquial 9576:Afghanistan Country Study 8894:10.1177/23477970221130882 8212:Afghanistan Cricket Board 8175:. In 2013, Afghanistan's 8167:. In 2012, the country's 8084: 8067:International Women's Day 8055:National Independence Day 7129:in Kabul are the leading 7108:Ministry of Public Health 7059: 6998:Afghan Defense University 6702:are divided into several 6228:); and a short link from 5903:Band-e Amir National Park 5814: 5762:China Metallurgical Group 5622: 5489:Ghazi Amanullah Khan Town 5425:least developed countries 4993:are now appointed by the 4841:national unity government 4625:. Afghanistan had a 2018 4498:and jackals populate the 3519:On 19 February 2020, the 3342:Battles of Mazar-i-Sharif 3147:People's Democratic Party 3094:People's Democratic Party 2954:. Afghanistan joined the 2297:region The Durranis lost 2213:invaded India eight times 2082:captured Kandahar in the 1808:Ancient Iranian religions 1613:in the ancient region of 1535:in northern Afghanistan. 1525:Indus Valley Civilization 981: 969: 957: 935: 914: 884: 874: 864: 850: 840: 830: 812: 802: 783: 776: 766: 752: 745: 741: 728: 713: 700: 687: 672: 657: 644: 629: 614: 599: 584: 569: 556: 541: 522: 518: 511: 503: 499: 484: 464: 447: 443: 422: 410: 379: 297: 276: 232: 218: 192: 164: 130: 96: 37: 27608:Unitary executive theory 26165:Indo-Pakistani conflicts 24206:Administrative divisions 23787:Olson, Gillia M (2005). 23721:Johnson, Robert (2011). 23636:Fowler, Corinne (2007). 23574:Clements, Frank (2003). 21971:Asia. 18 February 2008. 21769:. London. Archived from 20134:"Driving in Afghanistan" 19946:. France 24. 20 May 2024 19724:South China Morning Post 19496:10.3390/resources7030058 19326:31 December 2013 at the 18995:. 7 June 2023. p. 1 18558:31 December 2013 at the 18299:. Reuters. 16 May 2022. 17631:Al Jazeera Media Network 16925:V-Dem Institute (2023). 16268:(Archived 2022 edition.) 16190:"Forests of Afghanistan" 15930:. Cambridge University. 14144:. London. Archived from 14002:. CNN. 15 January 2002. 13970:"Rebuilding Afghanistan" 13699:1 September 2017 at the 13671:. London. Archived from 13663:"New offer on Bin Laden" 13630:30 December 2013 at the 13602:. London. Archived from 12398:Hussain, Rizwan (2005). 12373:Meher, Jagmohan (2004). 12286:. Springer. p. 46. 11659:Tanner, Stephen (2009). 10533:"Afghan and Afghanistan" 10259:Bryant, Edwin F. (2001) 10086:"Afghanistan until 1747" 9992:Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra 9604:Encyclopedia of Hinduism 9572:"The Pre-Islamic Period" 9537:Pillalamarri, Akhilesh. 8477:د افغانستان اسلامي امارت 8114:Afghan Sports Federation 8051:by the Hindu community. 7675: 7537:, later used in ancient 7119:hospitals in Afghanistan 6951:Education in Afghanistan 6938:Education in Afghanistan 6813:Pashayi, and Nuristani. 6748:(and very often called ' 6681:Languages of Afghanistan 6087:Transport in Afghanistan 5766:Steel Authority of India 5467:First Micro Finance Bank 4972:Districts of Afghanistan 4968:Provinces of Afghanistan 4962:Administrative divisions 4821:President of Afghanistan 4565:Wheeleria parviflorellus 4448:exclusively live in the 4336:6.3 magnitude earthquake 4318:of Afghanistan, is in a 4104:Razavi Khorasan Province 3709:Geography of Afghanistan 3122:them through Pakistan's 3084:, in what is called the 3034:president of Afghanistan 2864:. He proclaimed himself 2674:Indian Rebellion of 1857 2601:Principality of Qandahar 2520:campaigning to Jalalabad 2465:Principality of Qandahar 2425:Principality of Qandahar 2387:Principality of Qandahar 2225:Battle of Manupur (1748) 1454:Prehistory and antiquity 1076:Afghanistan's population 201:Afghanistan on the globe 47:د افغانستان اسلامي امارت 27683:Central Asian countries 27536:Extraordinary rendition 27531:Extrajudicial prisoners 26925:SAARC Secretary General 25972:Archaeological cultures 25498:Archaeological cultures 25433:Turco-Persian tradition 25032:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 24070:Second Anglo-Afghan War 24040:Third Battle of Panipat 23495:. Sterling Publishers. 23430:The Wall Street Journal 22885:Brittin, Helen (2011). 22793:. Freedom House. 2016. 22490:Encyclopædia Britannica 22221:ud-Din, Hameed (1960). 21826:. Australia: ABC News. 21709:(USAID). Archived from 21477:. AmuTV. 1 January 2023 20494:31 October 2013 at the 20418:Glatzer, Bernt (2002). 20374:Asian Transport Studies 20055:Cary Gladstone (2001). 19368:10 October 2013 at the 18797:. USAID. Archived from 18520:"Case study: Aino Mina" 17428:"Afghanistan Provinces" 16781:. Infobase Publishing. 16719:. Infobase Publishing. 16656:Encyclopædia Britannica 16091:Cary Gladstone (2001). 15863:Encyclopædia Britannica 13567:Maley, William (2009). 13161:Oxford University Press 12634:Klass, Rosanne (1994). 11937:"Afghanistan – HISTORY" 11752:Ingram, Edward (1980). 11731:. UNESCO. p. 296. 11725:Chahryar, Adle (2003). 10619:Grenet, Grenet (2016). 10564:Charles Higham (2014). 10334:Gnoli, Gherado (1989). 10313:Gnoli, Gherado (1989). 10264:Oxford University Press 9894:The Business of Fashion 8243:football in Afghanistan 8208:2023 Cricket World Cups 8179:followed as it won the 7798:Media and entertainment 7464:Afghan Emperor of India 7088:Human Development Index 6854:Religion in Afghanistan 6671:Ethnicity and languages 5803:In September 2023, the 5463:Standard Chartered Bank 5417:purchasing power parity 4809:Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin 4668:V-Dem Democracy indices 4639:Politics of Afghanistan 4633:Government and politics 4546:mountain salamander"), 4412:Wildlife of Afghanistan 3545:NATO Secretary General 3361:considered for deletion 3326:After the fall of Kabul 3318:considered for deletion 3174:considered for deletion 2804:Hindu–German Conspiracy 2714:British Protected State 2701:Second Anglo-Afghan War 2629:1842 retreat from Kabul 2530:and the British in the 2237:Third Battle of Panipat 1983:First Battle of Panipat 1768:in central Afghanistan. 1683:stones mainly from the 1425:Sadūzāʾī Durrānī polity 1300:purchasing power parity 1296:Human Development Index 1206:Republic of Afghanistan 1186:Second Anglo-Afghan War 1164:. Afghanistan became a 277:Official languages 227:unrecognized government 16:Country in Central Asia 27571:Operation Eagle Assist 27491:Clash of Civilizations 27038:Symbolism of terrorism 26940:South Asian University 26185:Science and technology 25090:Special administrative 25066:(Sovereign Base Areas) 24140:Second Islamic Emirate 24080:Kingdom of Afghanistan 24075:Third Anglo-Afghan War 24065:First Anglo-Afghan War 24050:Emirate of Afghanistan 24000:Yabghus of Tokharistan 23922:23 August 2015 at the 23764:Malleson, George Bruce 23706:. Palgrave Macmillan. 23700:Hopkins, B.D. (2008). 23617:Ewans, Martin (2002). 23238:"Sport in Afghanistan" 22023:: 1–20. Archived from 20874:. 2004. Archived from 20729:"World Bank Open Data" 20711:"World Bank Open Data" 18152:. Kabul, Afghanistan. 18119:. Kabul, Afghanistan. 17564:"Treaty of Friendship" 17072:AFP (18 August 2021). 16620:10.1038/sdata.2018.214 16168:. Simon and Schuster. 16133:Fisher, W. B. (2002). 13855:. Nato.usmission.gov. 13544:. 2010. Archived from 13351:Rashid, Ahmed (2002). 13320:A Woman Among Warlords 13183:. 2007. Archived from 12089:Encyclopedia Americana 11828:. BRILL. p. 257. 11800:6 January 2017 at the 10499:. BRILL. p. 125. 10099:Encyclopaedia of Islam 9956:meaning 'horsemen'." ( 9949:; this word being the 9836:. Xinhua News Agency. 9272:"World Bank Open Data" 8486:امارت اسلامی افغانستان 8356:Afghanistan is a pure 8312:Outline of Afghanistan 8173:2012 Asian Beach Games 8165:2010 South Asian Games 8109: 7985: 7976:Holidays and festivals 7941: 7699:Indian classical music 7694: 7624:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari 7489: 7460:tomb of Sher Shah Suri 7399: 7268: 7179: 7174:An Afghan family near 7166:Culture of Afghanistan 7083: 6947: 6870: 6836:and the popularity of 6724:Afghan National Anthem 6696: 6286: 6155:Ariana Afghan Airlines 6150: 6144:Ariana Afghan Airlines 6109: 5952: 5905: 5894:Tourism in Afghanistan 5834: 5708:gross national product 5641: 5577: 5480: 5412: 5395:Economy of Afghanistan 5298:2021 Taliban offensive 5020: 4660:2021 Taliban offensive 4651: 4555:Vulcaniella kabulensis 4530:Afghan flying squirrel 4425: 4377:of the southwest, the 4354: 4232: 4161: 4080: 3719: 3620: 3516: 3514:2021 Taliban offensive 3428: 3249: 3222:Post–Cold War conflict 3134:and the more moderate 3073: 2981: 2870:Kingdom of Afghanistan 2846:Emirate of Afghanistan 2833: 2812:Third Anglo-Afghan War 2792: 2592: 2494:to be left to rule in 2432: 2417:First Anglo-Afghan War 2363:Battle of Nimla (1809) 2307:Siege of Multan (1818) 2260: 2028: 1950:, whose glory matched 1903: 1769: 1627:a year earlier in the 1617: 1483: 1449:History of Afghanistan 1429: 1204:, following which the 1194:Kingdom of Afghanistan 1190:Third Anglo-Afghan War 1182:First Anglo-Afghan War 618:Anglo-Afghan Agreement 70:امارت اسلامی افغانستان 27743:South Asian countries 27566:Operation Noble Eagle 27403:2007 Lebanon conflict 26294:Islamabad Declaration 26064:Religious persecution 25922:Religious nationalism 25782:European and Eurasian 25586:Countries and regions 25198:Countries and regions 25064:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 24120:First Islamic Emirate 23462:The Places in Between 22260:Habib, Irfan (2007). 20980:7 August 2019 at the 20970:The Asia Foundation. 20058:Afghanistan Revisited 19772:richardgregory.org.uk 19742:richardgregory.org.uk 19167:O'Hanlon, Michael E. 18546:A Humane Afghan City? 18149:Associated Press News 17790:humandignitytrust.org 16809:Nature Communications 16094:Afghanistan Revisited 15505:. 12 September 2023. 15327:. 26 September 2021. 15297:. 21 September 2021. 14470:30 April 2015 at the 13885:. 24 September 2001. 13646:. CNN. Archived from 13326:. 11 September 2007. 12905:2 August 2018 at the 12873:Columbia Encyclopedia 12774:5 August 2013 at the 12110:. 10 September 2020. 10243:Louis Depree (1981). 9808:Middle East Institute 9731:Encyclopaedia Iranica 9671:. 16 September 2021. 9246:10.1108/OXAN-DB276639 8927:Middle East Institute 8800:28 March 2014 at the 8104: 7983: 7936: 7689: 7594:Poetry of Afghanistan 7582:Abdul Ghafoor Breshna 7484:A traditional Afghan 7483: 7426:, the Qala-i Bost in 7412:Great Mosque of Herat 7397: 7259: 7173: 7090:, Afghanistan is the 7073: 7066:Health in Afghanistan 7000:was constructed near 6955:Ministry of Education 6945: 6880:school. According to 6861: 6694: 6280: 6141: 6104: 5943: 5901: 5832: 5821:Energy in Afghanistan 5700:Brookings Institution 5636: 5629:Mining in Afghanistan 5572: 5475: 5402: 5010: 4868:Hibatullah Akhundzada 4646: 4419: 4349: 4226: 4152: 4076: 3718: 3636:new, all-male cabinet 3628:Hibatullah Akhundzada 3611: 3603:Republican insurgency 3539:Further information: 3511: 3470:government corruption 3449:Karzai administration 3422: 3399:In October 2001, the 3381:Further information: 3247: 3072:, Afghanistan in 1987 3067: 3058:Further information: 3032:and became the first 2976: 2824: 2778: 2584: 2410: 2373:Further information: 2249: 2027:(centered in Isfahan) 2018: 1899: 1853:By the 11th century, 1759: 1600: 1473: 1397: 1392:Encyclopedia of Islam 1154:Durrani Afghan Empire 1100:, including those by 870:$ 20.136 billion 836:$ 81.007 billion 768:• Water (%) 458:Hibatullah Akhundzada 146:"There is no god but 27708:Landlocked countries 27383:Operation Linda Nchi 27327:OEF – Horn of Africa 27240:Islamic Courts Union 27189:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi 27013:September 11 attacks 26950:SAARC Literary Award 26872:Specialised agencies 26213:Traditional medicine 25460:Greater Central Asia 24932:United Arab Emirates 24226:Environmental issues 24174:Graveyard of empires 24163:Arabs in Afghanistan 23831:Reddy, L.R. (2002). 23742:Levi, Peter (1972). 23356:. 20 February 2015. 22874:on 13 February 2013. 22823:. 14 September 2013. 22649:"Artist Biographies" 22440:. CNN. 24 April 2008 21906:. Washington, D.C.: 21797:The New Humanitarian 21713:on 29 September 2013 20912:Online Edition 2006. 20909:Encyclopædia Iranica 20733:World Bank Open Data 20715:World Bank Open Data 20596:on 23 February 2018. 20339:"Khaf-Herat railway" 20315:. 25 February 2017. 20201:andrewgrantham.co.uk 19430:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 19231:. 28 December 2011. 19072:US Geological Survey 18921:on 28 December 2019. 18801:on 29 September 2013 18616:on 29 September 2013 18554:. 2 September 2009. 17727:Andrzejewski, Adam. 17294:. 5 September 2021. 17204:. 2 September 2021. 16496:"Earthquake Hazards" 16467:US Geological Survey 16465:(Technical report). 16381:on 30 December 2013. 16077:8 March 2021 at the 16017:"Land area (sq. km)" 15671:. 22 December 2023. 15641:. 11 December 2023. 15267:. 7 September 2021. 15209:. 8 September 2021. 14918:on 28 December 2021. 14410:. 28 December 2014. 14347:. 28 December 2014. 13626:. 20 September 2001 13569:The Afghanistan wars 13538:"Ahmed Shah Massoud" 13248:25 June 2018 at the 13035:on 12 December 2009. 12996:(13 November 2004). 12968:publishing.cdlib.org 12952:on 9 September 2020. 12925:, pp. 239, 244. 12839:Recknagel, Charles. 11353:"Ahmad Shah Durrani" 11293:The History of India 11253:Ibn Battuta (2004). 11183:, pp. 319, 321. 10955:(31 December 2005). 10493:Wink, André (2002). 10195:Rita Wright (2009). 10033:on 16 November 2013. 10027:Encyclopædia Iranica 9727:"DŌST MOḤAMMAD KHAN" 9276:World Bank Open Data 8988:. 8 September 2022. 8790:Princeton University 8771:3 March 2016 at the 8627:"Population Matters" 8612:Geonames.org (CC BY) 8347:for further details) 8156:, and other sports. 8091:Sport in Afghanistan 7804:Media of Afghanistan 7682:Music of Afghanistan 7650:Khushal Khan Khattak 7454:such as the city of 7131:children's hospitals 7022:Nangarhar University 6988:, modeled after the 6967:Ghulam Farooq Wardak 6756:), functions as the 6325:total fertility rate 6175:Iran Aseman Airlines 6133:Kabul–Jalalabad Road 6033:2024 Bamyan shooting 6005:citadel of Alexander 5798:ecological footprint 5686:US Geological Survey 5682:semi-precious stones 5318:Women in Afghanistan 4991:provincial governors 4866:. It was added that 4683:(grand assembly), a 4560:Afghan leopard gecko 4314:, in and around the 4144:Balochistan province 4084:41st largest country 3591:Costs of War Project 3427:in Afghanistan, 2008 3409:September 11 attacks 3395:Fall of Kabul (2021) 2838:Treaty of Rawalpindi 2658:conquest of Kandahar 2572:first major conflict 2566:, which engaged the 2439:in the west and the 2411:Map of Afghanistan ( 2132:, and then-receding 1625:Darius III of Persia 1574:on the tombstone of 1362:words for "horse"). 1326:is derived from the 1217:communist revolution 1094:graveyard of empires 1010:. It is bordered by 785:• 2023 estimate 19:For other uses, see 27763:Totalitarian states 26284:Secretaries-General 26144:South Asian studies 25670:South Asian regions 25536:Central Asian Games 24967:States with limited 24180:Wars in Afghanistan 24100:Democratic Republic 23334:on 24 February 2013 23270:. 5 February 2010. 22207:. Orizzonte terra, 22160:. Voice of America. 22096:. UNC Press Books. 22080:, p. 122, 198. 21908:Library of Congress 21824:"Mahboba's Promise" 21799:. 2 December 2004. 21773:on 15 December 2010 21617:on 31 December 2013 21408:on 30 December 2013 21351:on 28 December 2021 21288:on 30 November 2009 21168:The Washington Post 21071:on 22 February 2009 21038:Pew Research Center 20625:2019PLoSO..1423111N 20490:". UN News Centre. 20349:on 20 December 2017 19806:The Daily Telegraph 19748:on 11 November 2020 19663:on 23 November 2016 19630:UNDP in Afghanistan 19261:on 12 December 2013 18885:. 22 December 2019. 18775:. 25 September 2023 18735:. 10 November 2021. 18690:. 20 October 2021. 18473:on 30 December 2013 18360:on 11 November 2020 18028:The Washington Post 17320:. 15 September 2021 17175:New York University 16927:"The V-Dem Dataset" 16821:2020NatCo..11.5978G 16684:Terraced Landscapes 16612:2018NatSD...580214B 16594:(30 October 2018). 16567:. 2 December 2023. 16351:on 30 December 2013 15742:on 25 December 2013 15702:on 25 December 2013 15471:. 31 January 2023. 15415:. 25 October 2021. 15357:. 28 October 2021. 15207:The Express Tribune 15131:on 28 December 2021 15056:. 26 January 2022. 14760:on 6 September 2021 14141:The Daily Telegraph 14115:on 21 December 2013 14089:on 15 December 2010 14057:"USAID Afghanistan" 14030:Stanford University 13722:. 30 January 2006. 13606:on 8 November 2013. 13599:The Daily Telegraph 13511:on 23 October 2013. 13418:on 18 November 2002 13187:on 3 December 2013. 13163:, (1999), pp. 25–26 13155:Matinuddin, Kamal, 11913:. 22 October 2014. 10593:Eternal Afghanistan 10291:on 9 September 2012 9703:. 26 October 2001. 9453:on 4 September 2022 9112:The Washington Post 8501:Government of India 8245:is governed by the 8169:3x3 basketball team 8140:, track and field, 8073:(during Nowruz) in 8071:Red Flower Festival 7910:Escape from Taliban 7666:Khalilullah Khalili 7202:, the provision of 7117:There are over 100 7006:Kandahar University 6994:Afghan Armed Forces 6980:(AUAF) followed by 6953:is overseen by the 6882:Pew Research Center 6125:Indian subcontinent 6001:Alexander the Great 5997:Shrine of the Cloak 5950:World Heritage Site 5760:copper mine to the 5754:rare earth elements 5720:natural gas liquids 5696:Michael E. O'Hanlon 5688:are worth at least 5654:rare earth elements 5543:Afghan central bank 5439:Da Afghanistan Bank 5403:Workers processing 5284:Afghan Armed Forces 5268:major non-NATO ally 5017:number of districts 4919:Abdul Hakim Haqqani 4903:Saayid Ali Khamenei 4813:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 4792:Abdul Ghani Baradar 4359:continental climate 4320:geologically active 4316:Badakhshan Province 4251:flows west towards 4182:Karakoram Mountains 3640:Abdul Hakim Haqqani 3447:to help assist the 3445:UN Security Council 3334:Abdul Rashid Dostum 3210:collapsed in 1992. 3208:Mohammad Najibullah 3098:Nur Muhammad Taraki 3082:Mohammed Daoud Khan 2994:Mohammed Daoud Khan 2952:Amanullah loyalists 2909:Mohammed Nadir Shah 2905:Habibullah Kalakani 2866:King of Afghanistan 2840:on 19 August 1919, 2830:King of Afghanistan 2828:proclaimed himself 2685:Mohammad Afzal Khan 2641:The Battle of Kabul 2326:Mahmud Shah Durrani 1956:Italian Renaissance 1948:Timurid Renaissance 1891:Khwarazmian dynasty 1629:Battle of Gaugamela 1621:Alexander the Great 1312:Name of Afghanistan 1162:modern Afghan state 1106:Alexander the Great 1078:is 43 million. The 676:Democratic Republic 494:Abdul Hakim Haqqani 257: / 27613:Unlawful combatant 27546:Iranian Revolution 27332:OEF – Trans Sahara 27307:War in Afghanistan 27164:Jalaluddin Haqqani 27159:Sirajuddin Haqqani 27085:Iraqi Armed Forces 25578:South Asian topics 24499:Telecommunications 24469:Afghani (currency) 24384:Leadership Council 24168:European influence 24045:Dost Mohammad Khan 23980:Pre-Islamic period 23887:The World Factbook 23837:. APH Publishing. 23795:. Capstone Press. 23685:. Fenestra Books. 23412:. 17 January 2018. 23380:"Statistics: Iran" 23268:The Times of India 23240:. Top End Sports. 23100:. 19 October 2017. 22411:on 1 January 2022. 22403:The New York Times 22386:. 27 January 2015. 22310:. 15 January 2020. 21529:. 20 December 2023 21335:The New York Times 21226:The Jerusalem Post 21200:. 7 September 2021 21102:on 11 January 2007 20878:on 28 October 2013 20557:on 2 December 2013 20044:. 16 January 2015. 19768:"The hippie trail" 19614:. 3 February 2015. 19395:The New York Times 19344:The New York Times 18938:The New York Times 18548:" by Ann Marlowe. 18441:The New York Times 18117:The New York Times 17925:The New York Times 17708:on 12 October 2021 17602:. 16 August 2021. 17459:The New York Times 17262:The Economic Times 17234:. 31 August 2021. 17049:. 16 August 2021. 16250:The World Factbook 16053:on 31 January 2014 16027:on 29 October 2013 15153:. BBC News فارسی. 15115:The New York Times 14910:The New York Times 14846:. 17 August 2021. 14786:. 21 August 2021. 14726:. 15 August 2021. 14148:on 29 January 2014 14063:on 17 October 2010 13798:The New York Times 13548:on 25 January 2014 13444:. 7 January 1998. 13105:on 2 November 2008 13099:Human Rights Watch 13029:Human Rights Watch 12936:"Archived Version" 12794:on 11 January 2014 11941:Country Studies US 11896:, p. 376-383. 11851:, p. 359-366. 11784:on 16 August 2016. 11692:. Reaktion Books. 11562:on 4 December 2021 11503:, p. 122-123. 11321:Edward G. Browne. 10545:on 23 October 2008 10089:. In Fleet, Kate; 9971:" (Hobson-Jobson: 9896:. 25 August 2021. 9582:on 3 November 2001 9447:Hasht-e Subh Daily 9022:on 14 January 2023 8738:. 14 August 2011. 8709:. 20 August 2021. 8664:. 23 August 2021. 8661:The Times of India 8362:Leadership Council 8290:Afghanistan portal 8110: 7986: 7942: 7695: 7490: 7436:Buddhas of Bamiyan 7400: 7372:Ahmad Shah Massoud 7269: 7266:Nangarhar Province 7180: 7135:Jamhuriat Hospital 7100:maternal mortality 7084: 7012:in the northwest, 6948: 6914:There was a small 6890:non-denominational 6871: 6784:is spoken by 50%, 6770:CIA World Factbook 6738:official languages 6697: 6569:Nangarhar Province 6370:in the north, and 6315:in 2008 was 27.8. 6287: 6151: 6110: 5953: 5906: 5835: 5642: 5578: 5550:GDP of Afghanistan 5481: 5413: 5375:Sirajuddin Haqqani 5021: 4888:Sirajuddin Haqqani 4880:head of government 4744:Sirajuddin Haqqani 4652: 4609:; there are three 4426: 4357:Afghanistan has a 4355: 4351:Köppen climate map 4233: 4162: 4134:of China; and the 4120:Surxondaryo Region 3720: 3621: 3618:2021 fall of Kabul 3572:anti-Taliban front 3535:Second Taliban era 3529:Taliban insurgency 3517: 3462:rebuilding process 3429: 3391:Taliban insurgency 3330:Ahmad Shah Massoud 3250: 3096:General Secretary 3074: 2982: 2834: 2710:Treaty of Gandamak 2689:Mohammad Azam Khan 2654:conquest of Kunduz 2646:Hazarajat campaign 2613:Shah Shuja Durrani 2593: 2558:, thus ending the 2528:Shah Shuja Durrani 2516:Battle of Nowshera 2508:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 2485:Dost Mohammad Khan 2433: 2421:Dost Mohammad Khan 2375:Dost Mohammad Khan 2355:Shah Shuja Durrani 2318:Zaman Shah Durrani 2311:Zaman Shah Durrani 2265:Timur Shah Durrani 2261: 2252:Ahmad Shah Durrani 2118:Ahmad Shah Durrani 2112:Ahmad Shah Durrani 2096:Ahmad Shah Durrani 2061:Battle of Gulnabad 2029: 1987:Khanate of Bukhara 1904: 1770: 1657:Indo-Greek Kingdom 1651:reconquest by the 1618: 1601:A "Bactrian gold" 1576:Darius I of Persia 1484: 1433:Dost Mohammad Khan 1202:overthrown in 1973 1158:Dost Mohammad Khan 1130:a US-led coalition 1090:Middle Paleolithic 1056:northeast and east 860:2020 estimate 826:2020 estimate 299:Ethnic groups 178:Dā Də Bātorāno Kor 27688:Countries in Asia 27660: 27659: 27654: 27653: 27551:Islamic terrorism 27416: 27415: 27312:OEF – Philippines 27282: 27281: 27278: 27277: 27235:Hizbul Mujahideen 27076:Northern Alliance 26968: 26967: 26945:South Asian Games 26930:SAARC Secretariat 26581: 26580: 26323: 26322: 26221: 26220: 26124:Traditional games 26109:South Asian Games 25697:General geography 25544: 25543: 25156: 25155: 25083: 25082: 24640: 24639: 24593: 24592: 24522: 24521: 24451: 24450: 24414:Foreign relations 24249: 24248: 24188: 24187: 24090:Saqqawist Emirate 24030:Siege of Kandahar 23865:978-0-313-33798-7 23844:978-81-7648-319-3 23823:978-962-217-816-8 23802:978-0-7368-2685-3 23779:978-1-4021-7278-6 23755:978-0-00-211042-6 23734:978-0-19-979856-8 23713:978-0-230-55421-4 23692:978-1-58736-169-2 23679:Habibi, Abdul Hai 23670:978-1-84222-597-4 23663:. Carlton Books. 23649:978-90-420-2262-1 23609:978-0-19-577634-8 23587:978-1-85109-402-8 23566:978-90-04-14532-0 23545:978-0-691-15441-1 23472:978-0-15-603593-4 23060:978-1-55192-871-5 23031:978-1-78074-307-3 23001:Los Angeles Times 22980:978-1-61048-812-9 22776:978-0-312-27727-7 22728:. 16 April 2019. 22517:. 5 October 2017. 22328:on 30 August 2021 22292:. 21 August 2019. 22271:978-81-237-5255-6 22204:cultural heritage 22200:G.V. Brandolini. 22138:on 13 August 2021 21527:The Seattle Times 21128:. 25 August 2005. 20852:on 29 August 2021 20830:. 31 August 2017. 20810:. 20 August 2021. 20260:. 7 August 2018. 20110:. 26 April 2013. 20068:978-1-59033-421-8 19376:. 6 December 2011 18610:"Economic growth" 18572:Michael Sprague. 18526:on 6 January 2014 18000:, 23 March 2006, 17499:on 27 August 2010 16506:on 4 October 2011 16325:on 15 August 2021 16253:(2024 ed.). 16197:cropwatch.unl.edu 16104:978-1-59033-421-8 15997:on 30 August 2020 15834:. 26 April 2011. 15778:. 26 March 2013. 15669:Business Standard 14994:Stars and Stripes 14605:. 14 April 2021. 14180:978-1-317-07407-6 13578:978-0-230-21313-5 13486:978-0-295-98111-6 13362:978-1-86064-830-4 13295:Los Angeles Times 13273:978-0-7864-1090-3 13137:on 4 October 2013 13068:on 4 October 2013 13007:978-1-85043-437-5 12881:on 10 August 2012 12721:978-0-295-98050-8 12647:978-1-4128-3965-5 12572:on 6 October 2014 12520:978-0-674-05866-8 12474:. 26 April 1998. 12409:978-0-7546-4434-7 12384:978-81-7835-262-6 12336:, p. 186–88. 12293:978-1-349-21948-3 12266:978-1-85743-133-9 11835:978-90-04-10399-3 11738:978-92-3-103876-1 11699:978-1-78914-010-1 11672:978-0-306-81826-4 11458:978-3-7001-7202-4 11266:978-0-415-34473-9 11159:, pp. 92–93. 10953:Richard F. Strand 10820:978-0-349-14218-0 10792:978-0-19-879253-6 10736:978-965-278-223-6 10729:. Israel Museum. 10706:978-0-297-86559-9 10679:978-0-7391-3609-6 10648:978-0-349-14218-0 10602:978-92-3-103850-1 10577:978-1-4381-0996-1 10360:iranicaonline.org 10272:978-0-19-513777-4 10007:978-8-12080-436-4 9383:978-92-1-126442-5 9345:. 13 March 2024. 8633:on 16 August 2021 8318:Explanatory notes 8181:SAFF Championship 8025:čelle ye zemestān 7566:Kamaleddin Behzad 7562:Persian miniature 7531:Chinese porcelain 7503:Soviet–Afghan War 7448:Darul Aman Palace 7295:, locally called 7154:Mahboba's Promise 7150:Save the Children 7086:According to the 7018:Kunduz University 6926:Afghan Christians 6788:10%, English 5%, 6667: 6666: 6515:Kandahar Province 6323:Afghanistan 2024 6214:Uzbekistan border 5837:According to the 5344:punished by death 5342:offenders can be 5334:Homosexuality is 5258:, Australia, and 5198:Foreign relations 4825:Abdullah Abdullah 4800: 4779: 4756: 4754:Interior Minister 4731: 4400:Nuristan Province 4398:zone, except the 4385:plains along the 4363:central highlands 4326:in some parts or 4186:Roof of the World 4118:of Turkmenistan; 4060: 4046: 4037: 4028: 4019: 4010: 4001: 3990: 3979: 3968: 3954: 3940: 3926: 3912: 3898: 3884: 3873: 3862: 3851: 3840: 3829: 3818: 3807: 3796: 3785: 3774: 3763: 3752: 3741: 3730: 3654:Amir Khan Muttaqi 3589:According to the 3584:Panjshir province 3367:suicide attackers 3338:Northern Alliance 3240:Northern Alliance 3200:Soviet withdrawal 3159:Soviet–Afghan War 3068:Soviet troops in 3050:Soviet–Afghan War 3010:1964 constitution 3008:. Afterward, the 2956:League of Nations 2938:tribesmen led by 2854:independent state 2787:Abdur Rahman Khan 2742:besieged Kandahar 2738:Battle of Maiwand 2722:Abdur Rahman Khan 2650:conquest of Balkh 2538:, leading to the 2473:Khanate of Qunduz 2453:brutally murdered 2395:Anglo-Afghan Wars 2379:Herat (1793–1863) 2320:succeeded to the 2084:siege of Kandahar 2069:Battle of Damghan 1906:In 1219 CE, 1879:Ghaznavid dynasty 1778:brought Islam to 1558:and incorporated 1233:Soviet–Afghan War 1208:was established. 998:, officially the 993: 992: 876:• Per capita 842:• Per capita 709:27 September 1996 261:34.517°N 69.183°E 171:دا د باتورانو کور 27770: 27644: 27643: 27634: 27633: 27589:Targeted killing 27378:Iraqi insurgency 27298:Enduring Freedom 27291: 27290: 27250:Jemaah Islamiyah 27245:Jaish-e-Mohammed 27134: 27133: 27051: 27050: 26995: 26988: 26981: 26972: 26971: 26918:Related Articles 26608: 26601: 26594: 26585: 26584: 26574: 26568: 26566: 26565: 26544: 26542: 26541: 26530: 26528: 26527: 26516: 26514: 26513: 26502: 26500: 26499: 26488: 26486: 26485: 26474: 26472: 26471: 26460: 26458: 26457: 26446: 26444: 26443: 26432: 26430: 26429: 26418: 26416: 26415: 26267: 26266: 26248: 26241: 26234: 26225: 26224: 26119:Physical culture 26014:Former countries 26009:Contemporary era 25709: 25571: 25564: 25557: 25548: 25547: 25513:Former countries 25323:Meskhetian Turks 25238: 25183: 25176: 25169: 25160: 25159: 25144: 25132: 25131: 25092:regions of China 25027:Christmas Island 25017: 25016: 24959: 24699:Sovereign states 24680: 24673: 24666: 24657: 24656: 24644: 24643: 24620: 24613: 24606: 24533: 24532: 24462: 24461: 24362: 24361: 24199: 24198: 24148: 24147: 24135:Islamic Republic 24095:Daoud's Republic 24060:Afghan–Sikh Wars 24055:Battle of Jamrud 24015:Islamic conquest 23995:Greater Khorasan 23953: 23946: 23939: 23930: 23929: 23910: 23909: 23869: 23848: 23827: 23806: 23794: 23783: 23759: 23738: 23717: 23696: 23674: 23653: 23632: 23621:. Curzon Press. 23613: 23591: 23570: 23549: 23506: 23477: 23476: 23453: 23447: 23446: 23444: 23442: 23420: 23414: 23413: 23402: 23396: 23395: 23393: 23391: 23376: 23370: 23369: 23367: 23365: 23350: 23344: 23343: 23341: 23339: 23330:. Archived from 23320: 23314: 23313: 23311: 23309: 23293: 23284: 23283: 23281: 23279: 23260: 23254: 23253: 23251: 23249: 23234: 23228: 23227: 23225: 23223: 23208: 23202: 23201: 23199: 23197: 23182: 23176: 23175: 23173: 23171: 23160: 23154: 23153: 23151: 23149: 23134: 23128: 23127: 23125: 23123: 23108: 23102: 23101: 23090: 23084: 23083: 23071: 23065: 23064: 23052: 23042: 23036: 23035: 23012: 23006: 23005: 22991: 22985: 22984: 22964: 22958: 22957: 22954:Mehr News Agency 22945: 22939: 22938: 22927: 22921: 22920: 22918: 22916: 22907:. Archived from 22897: 22891: 22890: 22882: 22876: 22875: 22863: 22857: 22856: 22845: 22839: 22838: 22831: 22825: 22824: 22821:Himal Southasian 22813: 22807: 22806: 22804: 22802: 22787: 22781: 22780: 22760: 22754: 22748: 22742: 22741: 22739: 22737: 22718: 22709: 22708: 22706: 22704: 22695:. Archived from 22685: 22679: 22678: 22671: 22665: 22664: 22662: 22660: 22655:on 9 August 2013 22645: 22639: 22638: 22627: 22621: 22620: 22609: 22598: 22597: 22595: 22593: 22588:on 12 April 2014 22578: 22572: 22571: 22569: 22567: 22552: 22546: 22545: 22525: 22519: 22518: 22507: 22501: 22500: 22498: 22496: 22482: 22476: 22475: 22473: 22471: 22456: 22450: 22449: 22447: 22445: 22434: 22428: 22427: 22419: 22413: 22412: 22410: 22405:. Archived from 22394: 22388: 22387: 22376: 22370: 22369: 22362: 22356: 22355: 22344: 22338: 22337: 22335: 22333: 22318: 22312: 22311: 22300: 22294: 22293: 22282: 22276: 22275: 22257: 22251: 22250: 22218: 22212: 22198: 22192: 22191: 22189: 22187: 22178:. Archived from 22176:afghanistans.com 22168: 22162: 22161: 22154: 22148: 22147: 22145: 22143: 22128: 22122: 22121: 22114: 22108: 22107: 22093:What Is Veiling? 22087: 22081: 22075: 22069: 22068: 22063: 22061: 22046: 22040: 22039: 22037: 22035: 22029: 22018: 22009: 22003: 21997: 21991: 21990:, p. 40–41. 21985: 21979: 21961: 21955: 21949: 21943: 21937: 21931: 21930: 21928: 21926: 21889: 21888: 21883: 21877: 21876: 21874: 21872: 21863:. Archived from 21861:afghanistans.com 21853: 21840: 21839: 21837: 21835: 21819: 21813: 21812: 21810: 21808: 21789: 21783: 21782: 21780: 21778: 21756: 21750: 21749: 21747: 21745: 21729: 21723: 21722: 21720: 21718: 21699: 21693: 21692: 21687: 21685: 21665: 21659: 21658: 21656: 21654: 21648: 21641: 21633: 21627: 21626: 21624: 21622: 21613:. Archived from 21602: 21596: 21595: 21594:on 23 June 2017. 21584: 21575: 21574: 21572: 21570: 21564: 21553: 21545: 21539: 21538: 21536: 21534: 21519: 21513: 21512: 21510: 21508: 21502:Geneva Solutions 21493: 21487: 21486: 21484: 21482: 21471: 21465: 21464: 21462: 21460: 21446: 21440: 21439: 21437: 21435: 21424: 21418: 21417: 21415: 21413: 21397: 21391: 21390: 21388: 21386: 21367: 21361: 21360: 21358: 21356: 21350: 21345:. Archived from 21326: 21320: 21319: 21317: 21315: 21304: 21298: 21297: 21295: 21293: 21284:. Archived from 21277: 21271: 21270: 21268: 21266: 21244: 21238: 21237: 21235: 21233: 21216: 21210: 21209: 21207: 21205: 21190: 21184: 21183: 21181: 21179: 21159: 21153: 21152: 21150: 21148: 21143:. Deutsche Welle 21136: 21130: 21129: 21118: 21112: 21111: 21109: 21107: 21098:. Archived from 21090:Lavina Melwani. 21087: 21081: 21080: 21078: 21076: 21060: 21054: 21053: 21051: 21049: 21026: 21020: 21019: 21008: 20999: 20998: 20990: 20984: 20968: 20962: 20961: 20941: 20932: 20931: 20919: 20913: 20898: 20892: 20891: 20885: 20883: 20868: 20862: 20861: 20859: 20857: 20848:. Archived from 20838: 20832: 20831: 20818: 20812: 20811: 20804: 20798: 20797: 20795: 20793: 20783: 20775: 20769: 20768: 20761: 20752: 20751: 20743: 20737: 20736: 20725: 20719: 20718: 20707: 20701: 20700: 20689: 20683: 20682: 20680: 20678: 20663: 20657: 20656: 20646: 20636: 20619:(10): e0223111. 20604: 20598: 20597: 20595: 20589:. Archived from 20582: 20573: 20567: 20566: 20564: 20562: 20553:. Archived from 20543: 20537: 20536: 20530: 20522: 20520: 20518: 20507: 20498: 20484: 20478: 20477: 20475: 20473: 20458: 20452: 20451: 20440: 20434: 20433: 20431: 20424: 20415: 20409: 20408: 20388: 20382: 20381: 20365: 20359: 20358: 20356: 20354: 20335: 20329: 20328: 20326: 20324: 20309: 20303: 20302: 20300: 20298: 20283: 20277: 20276: 20271: 20269: 20254: 20248: 20247: 20245: 20243: 20223: 20217: 20216: 20214: 20212: 20193: 20187: 20186: 20177: 20175: 20160: 20154: 20153: 20151: 20149: 20130: 20124: 20123: 20121: 20119: 20098: 20092: 20091: 20079: 20073: 20072: 20052: 20046: 20045: 20034: 20028: 20027: 20019: 20013: 20012: 20010: 20008: 19992: 19986: 19985: 19983: 19981: 19962: 19956: 19955: 19953: 19951: 19940: 19934: 19933: 19931: 19929: 19918: 19912: 19911: 19909: 19907: 19896: 19890: 19889: 19887: 19885: 19870: 19864: 19863: 19851: 19845: 19839: 19833: 19832: 19821: 19815: 19814: 19802: 19794: 19788: 19787: 19785: 19783: 19774:. Archived from 19764: 19758: 19757: 19755: 19753: 19744:. Archived from 19734: 19728: 19727: 19716: 19710: 19709: 19697: 19691: 19690: 19689:. 26 April 2020. 19679: 19673: 19672: 19670: 19668: 19652: 19646: 19645: 19643: 19641: 19636:on 14 April 2021 19632:. Archived from 19622: 19616: 19615: 19604: 19595: 19594: 19587: 19581: 19580: 19569: 19563: 19562: 19551: 19545: 19544: 19542: 19540: 19529: 19523: 19522: 19520: 19518: 19507: 19501: 19500: 19498: 19474: 19468: 19467: 19465: 19463: 19456:"Country Trends" 19452: 19443: 19442: 19440: 19438: 19420: 19411: 19410: 19408: 19406: 19389:(17 June 2010). 19383: 19377: 19358: 19352: 19351: 19350:on 31 July 2011. 19336: 19330: 19312: 19306: 19305: 19303: 19301: 19295: 19288: 19277: 19271: 19270: 19268: 19266: 19251: 19245: 19244: 19242: 19240: 19225: 19219: 19218: 19216: 19214: 19208: 19201: 19190: 19184: 19165: 19159: 19158: 19156: 19154: 19149:on 9 August 2013 19139: 19130: 19129: 19127: 19125: 19119: 19113:. Archived from 19108: 19100: 19091: 19090: 19088: 19086: 19080: 19069: 19058: 19049: 19048: 19046: 19044: 19033: 19027: 19026: 19024: 19022: 19011: 19005: 19004: 19002: 19000: 18985: 18979: 18978: 18976: 18974: 18958: 18952: 18951: 18946: 18944: 18929: 18923: 18922: 18911: 18905: 18904: 18893: 18887: 18886: 18875: 18869: 18868: 18866: 18864: 18849: 18843: 18842: 18831: 18825: 18824: 18817: 18811: 18810: 18808: 18806: 18791: 18785: 18784: 18782: 18780: 18765: 18759: 18758: 18756: 18754: 18743: 18737: 18736: 18725: 18719: 18718: 18702: 18696: 18695: 18680: 18674: 18673: 18671: 18669: 18655: 18649: 18648: 18647:on 12 June 2020. 18643:. Archived from 18632: 18626: 18625: 18623: 18621: 18606: 18600: 18599: 18597: 18595: 18589: 18578: 18569: 18563: 18542: 18536: 18535: 18533: 18531: 18515: 18509: 18508: 18506: 18504: 18499:on 29 April 2013 18489: 18483: 18482: 18480: 18478: 18463: 18457: 18456: 18454: 18452: 18443:. Archived from 18432: 18426: 18425: 18423: 18421: 18406: 18400: 18399: 18397: 18395: 18376: 18370: 18369: 18367: 18365: 18350: 18344: 18343: 18341: 18339: 18319: 18313: 18312: 18310: 18308: 18287: 18281: 18280: 18278: 18276: 18256: 18250: 18249: 18247: 18245: 18225: 18219: 18218: 18216: 18214: 18199: 18193: 18192: 18190: 18188: 18172: 18166: 18165: 18163: 18161: 18139: 18133: 18132: 18130: 18128: 18108: 18102: 18101: 18099: 18097: 18081: 18075: 18074: 18072: 18070: 18050: 18044: 18043: 18041: 18039: 18019: 18013: 18012: 18011: 18009: 17988: 17982: 17981: 17979: 17977: 17955: 17949: 17948: 17946: 17944: 17916: 17910: 17909: 17907: 17905: 17875: 17869: 17868: 17866: 17864: 17843: 17837: 17836: 17834: 17832: 17812: 17806: 17805: 17803: 17801: 17782: 17776: 17775: 17773: 17771: 17755: 17749: 17748: 17746: 17744: 17724: 17718: 17717: 17715: 17713: 17698: 17692: 17691: 17679: 17673: 17672: 17670: 17668: 17653: 17647: 17646: 17644: 17642: 17622: 17616: 17615: 17613: 17611: 17590: 17584: 17583: 17581: 17579: 17560: 17554: 17548: 17542: 17541: 17539: 17537: 17531: 17524: 17515: 17509: 17508: 17506: 17504: 17489: 17483: 17482: 17480: 17478: 17450: 17444: 17443: 17441: 17439: 17424: 17418: 17411: 17405: 17404: 17402: 17400: 17388: 17382: 17381: 17379: 17377: 17362: 17356: 17355: 17353: 17351: 17336: 17330: 17329: 17327: 17325: 17314: 17308: 17307: 17305: 17303: 17284: 17278: 17277: 17275: 17273: 17254: 17248: 17247: 17245: 17243: 17224: 17218: 17217: 17215: 17213: 17192: 17186: 17185: 17183: 17172: 17161: 17155: 17154: 17152: 17150: 17131: 17125: 17124: 17122: 17120: 17100: 17094: 17093: 17091: 17089: 17069: 17063: 17062: 17060: 17058: 17039: 17033: 17032: 17030: 17028: 17013: 17007: 17006: 17004: 17002: 16987: 16981: 16975: 16969: 16968: 16966: 16964: 16949: 16943: 16942: 16940: 16938: 16922: 16916: 16915: 16913: 16911: 16896: 16890: 16889: 16887: 16885: 16870: 16861: 16860: 16850: 16832: 16799: 16793: 16792: 16772: 16761: 16760: 16758: 16756: 16747:. Archived from 16745:afghanistans.com 16737: 16731: 16730: 16710: 16699: 16698: 16678: 16672: 16671: 16669: 16667: 16648: 16642: 16641: 16631: 16587: 16581: 16580: 16578: 16576: 16557: 16551: 16550: 16548: 16546: 16535:Associated Press 16522: 16516: 16515: 16513: 16511: 16492: 16486: 16485: 16483: 16481: 16475: 16464: 16453: 16447: 16446: 16435: 16429: 16428: 16419: 16413: 16412: 16410: 16408: 16399:. 15 June 2010. 16389: 16383: 16382: 16367: 16361: 16360: 16358: 16356: 16341: 16335: 16334: 16332: 16330: 16321:. Archived from 16319:afghanistans.com 16311: 16302: 16301: 16299: 16297: 16291: 16284: 16276: 16270: 16265: 16263: 16261: 16241: 16216: 16215: 16213: 16211: 16205: 16194: 16186: 16180: 16179: 16159: 16153: 16152: 16130: 16109: 16108: 16088: 16082: 16069: 16063: 16062: 16060: 16058: 16043: 16037: 16036: 16034: 16032: 16013: 16007: 16006: 16004: 16002: 15993:. Archived from 15987: 15981: 15980: 15960: 15954: 15953: 15951: 15949: 15922: 15916: 15915: 15910: 15908: 15886: 15880: 15879: 15877: 15875: 15854: 15848: 15847: 15845: 15843: 15824: 15818: 15815: 15813: 15811: 15791: 15789: 15787: 15771: 15769: 15767: 15758:. Archived from 15751: 15749: 15747: 15738:. Archived from 15731: 15729: 15727: 15711: 15709: 15707: 15691: 15685: 15684: 15682: 15680: 15661: 15655: 15654: 15652: 15650: 15631: 15625: 15624: 15622: 15620: 15605: 15599: 15598: 15596: 15594: 15579: 15573: 15572: 15570: 15568: 15553: 15547: 15545: 15543: 15541: 15536:on 10 March 2013 15532:. Archived from 15525: 15519: 15518: 15516: 15514: 15495: 15489: 15488: 15482: 15480: 15461: 15455: 15454: 15452: 15450: 15435: 15429: 15428: 15426: 15424: 15403: 15397: 15396: 15394: 15392: 15377: 15371: 15370: 15368: 15366: 15347: 15341: 15340: 15338: 15336: 15317: 15311: 15310: 15308: 15306: 15287: 15281: 15280: 15278: 15276: 15255: 15249: 15248: 15246: 15244: 15229: 15223: 15222: 15220: 15218: 15199: 15193: 15192: 15190: 15188: 15173: 15167: 15166: 15164: 15162: 15147: 15141: 15140: 15138: 15136: 15130: 15125:. Archived from 15106: 15100: 15099: 15097: 15095: 15076: 15070: 15069: 15067: 15065: 15046: 15040: 15039: 15037: 15035: 15026:. 9 March 2022. 15016: 15010: 15009: 15007: 15005: 14986: 14980: 14979: 14977: 14975: 14956: 14950: 14949: 14947: 14945: 14934:The Costs of War 14926: 14920: 14919: 14917: 14912:. Archived from 14901: 14895: 14894: 14892: 14890: 14874: 14866: 14860: 14859: 14857: 14855: 14836: 14830: 14829: 14827: 14825: 14806: 14800: 14799: 14797: 14795: 14776: 14770: 14769: 14767: 14765: 14746: 14740: 14739: 14737: 14735: 14714: 14708: 14707: 14705: 14703: 14684: 14678: 14677: 14675: 14673: 14664:. 13 July 2021. 14652: 14646: 14645: 14643: 14641: 14625: 14619: 14618: 14616: 14614: 14593: 14587: 14586: 14584: 14582: 14563: 14557: 14556: 14554: 14552: 14530: 14524: 14521: 14503: 14498:. Archived from 14460: 14454: 14453: 14451: 14449: 14444:on 9 August 2018 14440:. Archived from 14438:The Soufan Group 14430: 14424: 14423: 14421: 14419: 14400: 14394: 14393: 14391: 14389: 14367: 14361: 14360: 14358: 14356: 14345:Associated Press 14337: 14331: 14330: 14328: 14326: 14300: 14294: 14293: 14291: 14289: 14274: 14268: 14267: 14265: 14263: 14248: 14242: 14241: 14239: 14237: 14217: 14211: 14210: 14208: 14206: 14191: 14185: 14184: 14164: 14158: 14157: 14155: 14153: 14131: 14125: 14124: 14122: 14120: 14105: 14099: 14098: 14096: 14094: 14079: 14073: 14072: 14070: 14068: 14055:Fossler, Julie. 14052: 14046: 14045: 14043: 14041: 14022: 14016: 14015: 14013: 14011: 13996: 13990: 13989: 13987: 13985: 13966: 13960: 13959: 13957: 13955: 13935: 13929: 13928: 13926: 13924: 13905: 13899: 13898: 13896: 13894: 13875: 13869: 13868: 13866: 13864: 13849: 13843: 13836:S/RES/1386(2001) 13821: 13815: 13814: 13812: 13810: 13805:on 11 April 2014 13801:. Archived from 13788: 13782: 13781: 13775: 13773: 13767: 13754: 13746: 13740: 13739: 13733: 13731: 13710: 13704: 13691: 13685: 13684: 13682: 13680: 13658: 13652: 13651: 13650:on 29 July 2013. 13640: 13634: 13614: 13608: 13607: 13589: 13583: 13582: 13564: 13558: 13557: 13555: 13553: 13534: 13528: 13527: 13519: 13513: 13512: 13497: 13491: 13490: 13474: 13464: 13458: 13457: 13455: 13453: 13442:Associated Press 13434: 13428: 13427: 13425: 13423: 13404: 13398: 13397: 13395: 13393: 13373: 13367: 13366: 13348: 13342: 13339: 13337: 13335: 13311: 13309: 13307: 13284: 13278: 13277: 13259: 13253: 13240: 13234: 13227: 13221: 13220: 13218: 13216: 13210: 13203: 13195: 13189: 13188: 13173: 13164: 13153: 13147: 13146: 13144: 13142: 13136: 13129: 13121: 13115: 13114: 13112: 13110: 13091: 13078: 13077: 13075: 13073: 13067: 13060: 13052: 13046: 13043: 13037: 13036: 13021: 13012: 13011: 12990: 12984: 12983: 12981: 12979: 12960: 12954: 12953: 12951: 12945:. Archived from 12940: 12932: 12926: 12920: 12914: 12897: 12891: 12890: 12888: 12886: 12867: 12861: 12860: 12858: 12856: 12836: 12830: 12829: 12827: 12825: 12810: 12804: 12803: 12801: 12799: 12784: 12778: 12762: 12756: 12755: 12753: 12751: 12732: 12726: 12725: 12709: 12699: 12693: 12692: 12686: 12684: 12678: 12671: 12662: 12656: 12655: 12631: 12625: 12624: 12618: 12616: 12588: 12582: 12581: 12579: 12577: 12571: 12565:. Archived from 12540: 12531: 12525: 12524: 12506: 12500: 12494: 12488: 12487: 12485: 12483: 12464: 12458: 12457: 12455: 12453: 12430: 12420: 12414: 12413: 12395: 12389: 12388: 12370: 12364: 12363: 12343: 12337: 12331: 12325: 12324: 12322: 12320: 12304: 12298: 12297: 12277: 12271: 12270: 12250: 12241: 12240: 12238: 12236: 12208: 12202: 12201: 12199: 12197: 12169: 12163: 12162: 12160: 12158: 12130: 12124: 12123: 12121: 12119: 12100: 12094: 12093: 12083: 12077: 12076: 12040: 12034: 12033: 12013: 12007: 12006: 11978: 11972: 11971: 11960:. Hoover Press. 11951: 11945: 11944: 11933: 11927: 11926: 11924: 11922: 11903: 11897: 11891: 11885: 11884: 11882: 11880: 11874: 11867: 11858: 11852: 11846: 11840: 11839: 11819: 11813: 11792: 11786: 11785: 11780:. Archived from 11749: 11743: 11742: 11722: 11716: 11710: 11704: 11703: 11683: 11677: 11676: 11656: 11650: 11644: 11638: 11632: 11626: 11620: 11614: 11608: 11599: 11593: 11584: 11578: 11572: 11571: 11569: 11567: 11549: 11543: 11542: 11540: 11538: 11522: 11516: 11510: 11504: 11498: 11492: 11485:History of Islam 11481: 11475: 11469: 11463: 11462: 11442: 11436: 11435: 11415: 11409: 11408: 11406: 11404: 11399:on 27 April 2014 11383:Friedrich Engels 11379: 11373: 11372: 11370: 11368: 11359:. Archived from 11349: 11343: 11342: 11340: 11338: 11329:. Archived from 11318: 11309: 11308: 11306: 11304: 11281: 11275: 11274: 11250: 11244: 11243: 11238: 11236: 11217: 11211: 11210: 11190: 11184: 11178: 11172: 11166: 11160: 11154: 11148: 11145: 11139: 11136: 11130: 11129: 11127: 11125: 11069: 11063: 11062: 11060: 11058: 11036: 11030: 11029: 11027: 11025: 11010: 11004: 10998: 10992: 10991: 10983: 10977: 10976: 10974: 10972: 10949: 10943: 10942:, p. 22–23. 10937: 10931: 10930: 10928: 10926: 10911:Sir H. M. Elliot 10903: 10897: 10896: 10894: 10892: 10883:. Archived from 10868: 10862: 10861: 10859: 10857: 10842:Sir H. M. Elliot 10834: 10828: 10827: 10806: 10800: 10799: 10783:Images of Mithra 10778: 10772: 10771: 10750: 10744: 10743: 10720: 10714: 10713: 10690: 10684: 10683: 10663: 10657: 10656: 10634: 10625: 10624: 10616: 10610: 10609: 10588: 10582: 10581: 10561: 10555: 10554: 10552: 10550: 10538:Abdul Hai Habibi 10529: 10523: 10522: 10520: 10518: 10490: 10484: 10483: 10481: 10479: 10460: 10454: 10453: 10451: 10449: 10440:. 8 March 2010. 10430: 10424: 10418: 10412: 10411: 10409: 10407: 10401: 10390: 10382: 10376: 10375: 10373: 10371: 10352: 10343: 10342: 10331: 10322: 10321: 10310: 10301: 10300: 10298: 10296: 10281: 10275: 10257: 10251: 10250: 10240: 10234: 10231: 10225: 10224: 10222: 10220: 10192: 10186: 10185: 10183: 10181: 10160: 10154: 10153: 10151: 10149: 10132: 10123: 10117: 10111: 10110: 10088: 10080: 10074: 10073: 10071: 10069: 10041: 10035: 10034: 10018: 10012: 10011: 9988: 9982: 9916: 9910: 9909: 9907: 9905: 9886: 9880: 9879: 9877: 9875: 9866:. Archived from 9856: 9850: 9849: 9847: 9845: 9830: 9824: 9823: 9821: 9819: 9800: 9794: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9783: 9762: 9753: 9747: 9746: 9744: 9742: 9723: 9717: 9716: 9714: 9712: 9691: 9685: 9684: 9682: 9680: 9665: 9659: 9658: 9652: 9644: 9642: 9640: 9625: 9619: 9618: 9598: 9592: 9591: 9589: 9587: 9567: 9561: 9560: 9558: 9556: 9534: 9528: 9527: 9525: 9523: 9517: 9510: 9501: 9495: 9494: 9492: 9490: 9485:on 17 March 2015 9484: 9478:. Archived from 9477: 9469: 9463: 9462: 9460: 9458: 9439: 9433: 9432: 9430: 9428: 9409: 9403: 9402: 9400: 9398: 9392: 9375: 9365: 9359: 9358: 9356: 9354: 9335: 9329: 9328: 9326: 9324: 9309: 9292: 9291: 9289: 9287: 9268: 9262: 9259: 9253: 9252: 9238:Expert Briefings 9234:Oxford Analytica 9230: 9224: 9223: 9221: 9219: 9208:Voice of America 9199: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9166: 9160: 9159: 9157: 9155: 9146: 9137: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9124: 9101: 9099: 9097: 9070: 9068: 9066: 9043: 9037: 9034: 9029: 9027: 9018:. Archived from 9004: 8999: 8997: 8985:Atlantic Council 8975: 8970: 8968: 8947: 8941: 8939: 8916: 8874: 8868: 8867: 8865: 8863: 8836: 8830: 8829: 8827: 8825: 8810: 8804: 8784:Dictionary.com. 8782: 8776: 8760:Dictionary.com. 8758: 8752: 8751: 8749: 8747: 8732: 8723: 8722: 8720: 8718: 8703: 8697: 8696: 8689: 8678: 8677: 8675: 8673: 8652: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8638: 8623: 8614: 8605: 8599: 8598: 8596: 8594: 8564: 8558: 8557: 8555: 8553: 8544:. Archived from 8542:"Document 77746" 8538: 8516: 8513:Gilgit-Baltistan 8497: 8491: 8487: 8478: 8467: 8461: 8460: 8459: 8458: 8457: 8450: 8447: 8446: 8443: 8440: 8437: 8434: 8431: 8428: 8425: 8422: 8419: 8416: 8411: 8410: 8407: 8404: 8401: 8398: 8395: 8392: 8389: 8386: 8383: 8380: 8371: 8365: 8354: 8348: 8341: 8335: 8332:ongoing conflict 8328: 8306: 8301: 8300: 8292: 8287: 8286: 8285: 8241:in Kabul, while 8196:ACC Twenty20 Cup 8027: 7885:Naseeruddin Shah 7853:Afghans in India 7830:Voice of America 7509:", a variant of 7470:Art and ceramics 7104:infant mortality 7026:Khost University 7014:Balkh University 7010:Herat University 6982:Kabul University 6740:of Afghanistan; 6623:Baghlan Province 6497: 6487: 6460: 6450: 6417: 6412: 6404: 6397: 6390: 6378: 6377: 6313:Gini coefficient 6226:Turkmen Railways 6183:Turkish Airlines 6015:was buried. The 5810: 5775: 5704:mineral deposits 5691: 5617:Helmand Province 4815:, met with both 4795: 4788: 4777:Defense Minister 4774: 4767: 4747: 4740: 4726: 4719: 4599:perennial plants 4534:Afghan snowfinch 4446:Marco Polo sheep 4305:public ownership 4287:, Pakistan, and 4227:The mountainous 4218:Jowzjan Province 4059: 4058: 4049: 4040: 4031: 4022: 4013: 4004: 3993: 3982: 3971: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3948: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3938: 3929: 3920: 3919: 3915: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3896: 3887: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3870: 3865: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3848: 3843: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3826: 3821: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3804: 3799: 3793: 3788: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3771: 3766: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3749: 3744: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3647:António Guterres 3547:Jens Stoltenberg 3439:was formed. The 3364: 3346:Pervez Musharraf 3328:to the Taliban, 3321: 3204:civil war ensued 3177: 2990:Shah Mahmud Khan 2790: 2586:Afghan tribesmen 2568:Emirate of Kabul 2560:Afghan-Sikh Wars 2556:Hari Singh Nalwa 2552:Sikh Khalsa Army 2540:Battle of Jamrud 2536:Wazir Akbar Khan 2481:Emirate of Kabul 2469:Emirate of Herat 2447:, leader of the 2429:Emirate of Herat 2259: 2256: 2202:Turbat-e Haidari 1855:Mahmud of Ghazni 1788:arrival of Islam 1764:originated from 1480:Badghis Province 1478:in the northern 1474:Tents of Afghan 1421:Abdālī / Durrānī 1070:mountain range. 951:Afghanistan Time 948: 926: 925: 905: 904: 898: 897: 891: 857: 823: 794:41,128,771 ( 793: 792: 720: 718:Islamic Republic 682:27–28 April 1978 548: 460: 368: 359: 350: 341: 332: 323: 272: 271: 269: 268: 267: 262: 258: 255: 254: 253: 250: 235:and largest city 212: 209: 202: 199: 180: 173: 172: 144: 138: 137: 118: 104: 88: 87: 80: 72: 71: 65: 64: 57: 49: 48: 35: 34: 27778: 27777: 27773: 27772: 27771: 27769: 27768: 27767: 27698:Iranian Plateau 27663: 27662: 27661: 27656: 27655: 27650: 27622: 27511:CIA black sites 27464: 27412: 27341: 27296: 27274: 27255:Lashkar-e-Taiba 27193: 27154:Anwar al-Awlaki 27149:Hamza bin Laden 27144:Osama bin Laden 27125: 27042: 27004: 26999: 26969: 26964: 26935:SAARC satellite 26913: 26867: 26846: 26790: 26739: 26630: 26618: 26612: 26582: 26577: 26572: 26570:Northern Cyprus 26563: 26561: 26550: 26539: 26537: 26525: 26523: 26511: 26509: 26497: 26495: 26483: 26481: 26469: 26467: 26455: 26453: 26441: 26439: 26427: 26425: 26413: 26411: 26399: 26319: 26298: 26289:Treaty of Izmir 26258: 26252: 26222: 26217: 26179: 26153: 26130: 26085: 26018: 25989:Middle kingdoms 25953: 25944:Stock exchanges 25899: 25876: 25832:Cultural sphere 25798: 25710: 25701: 25580: 25575: 25545: 25540: 25517: 25479: 25475:Stock exchanges 25437: 25362: 25239: 25230: 25192: 25187: 25157: 25152: 25125: 25110: 25094: 25091: 25079: 25052: 25036: 25013: 25010: 25002: 24983:Northern Cyprus 24971: 24968: 24960: 24951: 24693: 24684: 24649: 24641: 24636: 24623: 24616: 24609: 24602: 24589: 24518: 24447: 24351: 24245: 24184: 24146: 24130:War (2001–2021) 24020:Mongol invasion 23966: 23957: 23924:Wayback Machine 23907: 23878: 23873: 23872: 23866: 23845: 23824: 23803: 23780: 23756: 23735: 23714: 23693: 23671: 23650: 23629: 23610: 23588: 23567: 23546: 23526: 23520: 23514: 23512:Further reading 23509: 23503: 23486: 23481: 23480: 23473: 23454: 23450: 23440: 23438: 23421: 23417: 23404: 23403: 23399: 23389: 23387: 23378: 23377: 23373: 23363: 23361: 23352: 23351: 23347: 23337: 23335: 23322: 23321: 23317: 23307: 23305: 23294: 23287: 23277: 23275: 23262: 23261: 23257: 23247: 23245: 23236: 23235: 23231: 23221: 23219: 23209: 23205: 23195: 23193: 23184: 23183: 23179: 23169: 23167: 23162: 23161: 23157: 23147: 23145: 23135: 23131: 23121: 23119: 23118:. 30 April 2024 23110: 23109: 23105: 23092: 23091: 23087: 23072: 23068: 23061: 23043: 23039: 23032: 23013: 23009: 22992: 22988: 22981: 22965: 22961: 22946: 22942: 22929: 22928: 22924: 22914: 22912: 22911:on 4 March 2016 22899: 22898: 22894: 22883: 22879: 22864: 22860: 22847: 22846: 22842: 22833: 22832: 22828: 22815: 22814: 22810: 22800: 22798: 22789: 22788: 22784: 22777: 22761: 22757: 22749: 22745: 22735: 22733: 22720: 22719: 22712: 22702: 22700: 22699:on 8 March 2021 22687: 22686: 22682: 22673: 22672: 22668: 22658: 22656: 22647: 22646: 22642: 22629: 22628: 22624: 22611: 22610: 22601: 22591: 22589: 22580: 22579: 22575: 22565: 22563: 22554: 22553: 22549: 22542: 22526: 22522: 22509: 22508: 22504: 22494: 22492: 22484: 22483: 22479: 22469: 22467: 22466:. 24 April 2008 22458: 22457: 22453: 22443: 22441: 22436: 22435: 22431: 22420: 22416: 22395: 22391: 22378: 22377: 22373: 22364: 22363: 22359: 22346: 22345: 22341: 22331: 22329: 22320: 22319: 22315: 22302: 22301: 22297: 22284: 22283: 22279: 22272: 22258: 22254: 22219: 22215: 22199: 22195: 22185: 22183: 22182:on 7 March 2021 22170: 22169: 22165: 22156: 22155: 22151: 22141: 22139: 22130: 22129: 22125: 22116: 22115: 22111: 22104: 22088: 22084: 22076: 22072: 22059: 22057: 22048: 22047: 22043: 22033: 22031: 22027: 22021:Medica Mondiale 22016: 22010: 22006: 21998: 21994: 21986: 21982: 21977:Wayback Machine 21962: 21958: 21950: 21946: 21938: 21934: 21924: 21922: 21886: 21884: 21880: 21870: 21868: 21867:on 8 March 2021 21855: 21854: 21843: 21833: 21831: 21820: 21816: 21806: 21804: 21791: 21790: 21786: 21776: 21774: 21757: 21753: 21743: 21741: 21730: 21726: 21716: 21714: 21701: 21700: 21696: 21683: 21681: 21666: 21662: 21652: 21650: 21646: 21639: 21635: 21634: 21630: 21620: 21618: 21603: 21599: 21586: 21585: 21578: 21568: 21566: 21562: 21551: 21547: 21546: 21542: 21532: 21530: 21521: 21520: 21516: 21506: 21504: 21494: 21490: 21480: 21478: 21473: 21472: 21468: 21458: 21456: 21448: 21447: 21443: 21433: 21431: 21426: 21425: 21421: 21411: 21409: 21398: 21394: 21384: 21382: 21369: 21368: 21364: 21354: 21352: 21327: 21323: 21313: 21311: 21306: 21305: 21301: 21291: 21289: 21278: 21274: 21264: 21262: 21245: 21241: 21231: 21229: 21217: 21213: 21203: 21201: 21192: 21191: 21187: 21177: 21175: 21160: 21156: 21146: 21144: 21137: 21133: 21120: 21119: 21115: 21105: 21103: 21088: 21084: 21074: 21072: 21061: 21057: 21047: 21045: 21028: 21027: 21023: 21010: 21009: 21002: 20991: 20987: 20982:Wayback Machine 20969: 20965: 20958: 20942: 20935: 20920: 20916: 20899: 20895: 20881: 20879: 20870: 20869: 20865: 20855: 20853: 20840: 20839: 20835: 20820: 20819: 20815: 20806: 20805: 20801: 20791: 20789: 20781: 20777: 20776: 20772: 20763: 20762: 20755: 20744: 20740: 20727: 20726: 20722: 20709: 20708: 20704: 20691: 20690: 20686: 20676: 20674: 20665: 20664: 20660: 20605: 20601: 20593: 20580: 20574: 20570: 20560: 20558: 20545: 20544: 20540: 20524: 20523: 20516: 20514: 20509: 20508: 20501: 20496:Wayback Machine 20485: 20481: 20471: 20469: 20468:. 26 April 2020 20460: 20459: 20455: 20442: 20441: 20437: 20429: 20422: 20416: 20412: 20405: 20389: 20385: 20366: 20362: 20352: 20350: 20337: 20336: 20332: 20322: 20320: 20311: 20310: 20306: 20296: 20294: 20285: 20284: 20280: 20267: 20265: 20256: 20255: 20251: 20241: 20239: 20224: 20220: 20210: 20208: 20195: 20194: 20190: 20173: 20171: 20162: 20161: 20157: 20147: 20145: 20132: 20131: 20127: 20117: 20115: 20100: 20099: 20095: 20080: 20076: 20069: 20053: 20049: 20036: 20035: 20031: 20020: 20016: 20006: 20004: 19993: 19989: 19979: 19977: 19964: 19963: 19959: 19949: 19947: 19942: 19941: 19937: 19927: 19925: 19920: 19919: 19915: 19905: 19903: 19898: 19897: 19893: 19883: 19881: 19880:. 30 April 2024 19872: 19871: 19867: 19852: 19848: 19840: 19836: 19823: 19822: 19818: 19795: 19791: 19781: 19779: 19778:on 8 March 2021 19766: 19765: 19761: 19751: 19749: 19736: 19735: 19731: 19726:. 14 July 2018. 19718: 19717: 19713: 19698: 19694: 19681: 19680: 19676: 19666: 19664: 19653: 19649: 19639: 19637: 19624: 19623: 19619: 19606: 19605: 19598: 19589: 19588: 19584: 19571: 19570: 19566: 19553: 19552: 19548: 19538: 19536: 19531: 19530: 19526: 19516: 19514: 19509: 19508: 19504: 19475: 19471: 19461: 19459: 19454: 19453: 19446: 19436: 19434: 19421: 19414: 19404: 19402: 19384: 19380: 19370:Wayback Machine 19359: 19355: 19338: 19337: 19333: 19328:Wayback Machine 19322:. 14 June 2010 19313: 19309: 19299: 19297: 19296:on 27 July 2013 19293: 19286: 19278: 19274: 19264: 19262: 19253: 19252: 19248: 19238: 19236: 19227: 19226: 19222: 19212: 19210: 19209:on 27 July 2013 19206: 19199: 19191: 19187: 19183:, 16 June 2010. 19177:Wayback Machine 19166: 19162: 19152: 19150: 19141: 19140: 19133: 19123: 19121: 19120:on 26 July 2013 19117: 19106: 19102: 19101: 19094: 19084: 19082: 19081:on 27 July 2013 19078: 19067: 19059: 19052: 19042: 19040: 19035: 19034: 19030: 19020: 19018: 19013: 19012: 19008: 18998: 18996: 18987: 18986: 18982: 18972: 18970: 18959: 18955: 18942: 18940: 18930: 18926: 18913: 18912: 18908: 18895: 18894: 18890: 18877: 18876: 18872: 18862: 18860: 18850: 18846: 18832: 18828: 18819: 18818: 18814: 18804: 18802: 18793: 18792: 18788: 18778: 18776: 18767: 18766: 18762: 18752: 18750: 18745: 18744: 18740: 18727: 18726: 18722: 18711:The Interpreter 18703: 18699: 18682: 18681: 18677: 18667: 18665: 18657: 18656: 18652: 18633: 18629: 18619: 18617: 18608: 18607: 18603: 18593: 18591: 18587: 18576: 18570: 18566: 18560:Wayback Machine 18543: 18539: 18529: 18527: 18516: 18512: 18502: 18500: 18491: 18490: 18486: 18476: 18474: 18465: 18464: 18460: 18450: 18448: 18447:on 2 April 2013 18433: 18429: 18419: 18417: 18408: 18407: 18403: 18393: 18391: 18378: 18377: 18373: 18363: 18361: 18352: 18351: 18347: 18337: 18335: 18320: 18316: 18306: 18304: 18289: 18288: 18284: 18274: 18272: 18257: 18253: 18243: 18241: 18226: 18222: 18212: 18210: 18200: 18196: 18186: 18184: 18173: 18169: 18159: 18157: 18140: 18136: 18126: 18124: 18109: 18105: 18095: 18093: 18082: 18078: 18068: 18066: 18051: 18047: 18037: 18035: 18020: 18016: 18007: 18005: 17990: 17989: 17985: 17975: 17973: 17956: 17952: 17942: 17940: 17917: 17913: 17903: 17901: 17876: 17872: 17862: 17860: 17855:. 17 May 2016. 17852:The Independent 17845: 17844: 17840: 17830: 17828: 17813: 17809: 17799: 17797: 17784: 17783: 17779: 17769: 17767: 17756: 17752: 17742: 17740: 17725: 17721: 17711: 17709: 17700: 17699: 17695: 17680: 17676: 17666: 17664: 17655: 17654: 17650: 17640: 17638: 17623: 17619: 17609: 17607: 17592: 17591: 17587: 17577: 17575: 17562: 17561: 17557: 17549: 17545: 17535: 17533: 17529: 17522: 17516: 17512: 17502: 17500: 17491: 17490: 17486: 17476: 17474: 17451: 17447: 17437: 17435: 17430:. Ariana News. 17426: 17425: 17421: 17412: 17408: 17398: 17396: 17389: 17385: 17375: 17373: 17364: 17363: 17359: 17349: 17347: 17338: 17337: 17333: 17323: 17321: 17316: 17315: 17311: 17301: 17299: 17286: 17285: 17281: 17271: 17269: 17256: 17255: 17251: 17241: 17239: 17226: 17225: 17221: 17211: 17209: 17194: 17193: 17189: 17181: 17170: 17162: 17158: 17148: 17146: 17133: 17132: 17128: 17118: 17116: 17101: 17097: 17087: 17085: 17070: 17066: 17056: 17054: 17041: 17040: 17036: 17026: 17024: 17015: 17014: 17010: 17000: 16998: 16989: 16988: 16984: 16976: 16972: 16962: 16960: 16951: 16950: 16946: 16936: 16934: 16923: 16919: 16909: 16907: 16898: 16897: 16893: 16883: 16881: 16872: 16871: 16864: 16800: 16796: 16789: 16773: 16764: 16754: 16752: 16751:on 11 July 2021 16739: 16738: 16734: 16727: 16711: 16702: 16695: 16687:. Založba ZRC. 16679: 16675: 16665: 16663: 16650: 16649: 16645: 16600:Scientific Data 16588: 16584: 16574: 16572: 16559: 16558: 16554: 16544: 16542: 16523: 16519: 16509: 16507: 16494: 16493: 16489: 16479: 16477: 16476:on 27 July 2013 16473: 16462: 16454: 16450: 16437: 16436: 16432: 16421: 16420: 16416: 16406: 16404: 16391: 16390: 16386: 16369: 16368: 16364: 16354: 16352: 16343: 16342: 16338: 16328: 16326: 16313: 16312: 16305: 16295: 16293: 16289: 16282: 16278: 16277: 16273: 16259: 16257: 16243: 16242: 16219: 16209: 16207: 16203: 16192: 16188: 16187: 16183: 16176: 16160: 16156: 16149: 16131: 16112: 16105: 16089: 16085: 16079:Wayback Machine 16070: 16066: 16056: 16054: 16045: 16044: 16040: 16030: 16028: 16015: 16014: 16010: 16000: 15998: 15989: 15988: 15984: 15977: 15961: 15957: 15947: 15945: 15938: 15924: 15923: 15919: 15906: 15904: 15887: 15883: 15873: 15871: 15856: 15855: 15851: 15841: 15839: 15826: 15825: 15821: 15809: 15807: 15794: 15785: 15783: 15774: 15765: 15763: 15762:on 2 April 2015 15754: 15745: 15743: 15734: 15725: 15723: 15714: 15705: 15703: 15694: 15692: 15688: 15678: 15676: 15663: 15662: 15658: 15648: 15646: 15633: 15632: 15628: 15618: 15616: 15607: 15606: 15602: 15592: 15590: 15581: 15580: 15576: 15566: 15564: 15555: 15554: 15550: 15539: 15537: 15528: 15526: 15522: 15512: 15510: 15497: 15496: 15492: 15478: 15476: 15463: 15462: 15458: 15448: 15446: 15437: 15436: 15432: 15422: 15420: 15405: 15404: 15400: 15390: 15388: 15379: 15378: 15374: 15364: 15362: 15349: 15348: 15344: 15334: 15332: 15319: 15318: 15314: 15304: 15302: 15289: 15288: 15284: 15274: 15272: 15257: 15256: 15252: 15242: 15240: 15231: 15230: 15226: 15216: 15214: 15201: 15200: 15196: 15186: 15184: 15175: 15174: 15170: 15160: 15158: 15149: 15148: 15144: 15134: 15132: 15107: 15103: 15093: 15091: 15078: 15077: 15073: 15063: 15061: 15048: 15047: 15043: 15033: 15031: 15018: 15017: 15013: 15003: 15001: 14988: 14987: 14983: 14973: 14971: 14958: 14957: 14953: 14943: 14941: 14928: 14927: 14923: 14902: 14898: 14888: 14886: 14878:Financial Times 14867: 14863: 14853: 14851: 14838: 14837: 14833: 14823: 14821: 14808: 14807: 14803: 14793: 14791: 14778: 14777: 14773: 14763: 14761: 14748: 14747: 14743: 14733: 14731: 14716: 14715: 14711: 14701: 14699: 14686: 14685: 14681: 14671: 14669: 14654: 14653: 14649: 14639: 14637: 14626: 14622: 14612: 14610: 14595: 14594: 14590: 14580: 14578: 14573:. 18 May 2022. 14565: 14564: 14560: 14550: 14548: 14531: 14527: 14506: 14472:Wayback Machine 14461: 14457: 14447: 14445: 14432: 14431: 14427: 14417: 14415: 14402: 14401: 14397: 14387: 14385: 14368: 14364: 14354: 14352: 14339: 14338: 14334: 14324: 14322: 14301: 14297: 14287: 14285: 14276: 14275: 14271: 14261: 14259: 14250: 14249: 14245: 14235: 14233: 14218: 14214: 14204: 14202: 14193: 14192: 14188: 14181: 14165: 14161: 14151: 14149: 14132: 14128: 14118: 14116: 14107: 14106: 14102: 14092: 14090: 14081: 14080: 14076: 14066: 14064: 14053: 14049: 14039: 14037: 14024: 14023: 14019: 14009: 14007: 13998: 13997: 13993: 13983: 13981: 13968: 13967: 13963: 13953: 13951: 13936: 13932: 13922: 13920: 13907: 13906: 13902: 13892: 13890: 13877: 13876: 13872: 13862: 13860: 13851: 13850: 13846: 13822: 13818: 13808: 13806: 13789: 13785: 13771: 13769: 13765: 13752: 13748: 13747: 13743: 13729: 13727: 13712: 13711: 13707: 13701:Wayback Machine 13692: 13688: 13678: 13676: 13675:on 28 June 2013 13659: 13655: 13642: 13641: 13637: 13632:Wayback Machine 13615: 13611: 13590: 13586: 13579: 13565: 13561: 13551: 13549: 13542:History Commons 13536: 13535: 13531: 13520: 13516: 13499: 13498: 13494: 13487: 13465: 13461: 13451: 13449: 13436: 13435: 13431: 13421: 13419: 13406: 13405: 13401: 13391: 13389: 13382:Chicago Tribune 13374: 13370: 13363: 13349: 13345: 13333: 13331: 13314: 13305: 13303: 13285: 13281: 13274: 13260: 13256: 13250:Wayback Machine 13241: 13237: 13228: 13224: 13214: 13212: 13208: 13201: 13196: 13192: 13175: 13174: 13167: 13154: 13150: 13140: 13138: 13134: 13127: 13123: 13122: 13118: 13108: 13106: 13093: 13092: 13081: 13071: 13069: 13065: 13058: 13054: 13053: 13049: 13044: 13040: 13023: 13022: 13015: 13008: 12991: 12987: 12977: 12975: 12962: 12961: 12957: 12949: 12938: 12934: 12933: 12929: 12921: 12917: 12907:Wayback Machine 12898: 12894: 12884: 12882: 12869: 12868: 12864: 12854: 12852: 12837: 12833: 12823: 12821: 12812: 12811: 12807: 12797: 12795: 12786: 12785: 12781: 12776:Wayback Machine 12763: 12759: 12749: 12747: 12734: 12733: 12729: 12722: 12700: 12696: 12682: 12680: 12676: 12669: 12663: 12659: 12648: 12632: 12628: 12614: 12612: 12605: 12589: 12585: 12575: 12573: 12569: 12538: 12532: 12528: 12521: 12507: 12503: 12495: 12491: 12481: 12479: 12466: 12465: 12461: 12451: 12449: 12447: 12421: 12417: 12410: 12396: 12392: 12385: 12371: 12367: 12360: 12344: 12340: 12332: 12328: 12318: 12316: 12305: 12301: 12294: 12278: 12274: 12267: 12251: 12244: 12234: 12232: 12225: 12209: 12205: 12195: 12193: 12186: 12170: 12166: 12156: 12154: 12147: 12131: 12127: 12117: 12115: 12102: 12101: 12097: 12086:"Afghanistan". 12085: 12084: 12080: 12041: 12037: 12030: 12014: 12010: 11979: 11975: 11968: 11952: 11948: 11935: 11934: 11930: 11920: 11918: 11905: 11904: 11900: 11892: 11888: 11878: 11876: 11872: 11865: 11859: 11855: 11847: 11843: 11836: 11820: 11816: 11802:Wayback Machine 11793: 11789: 11750: 11746: 11739: 11723: 11719: 11711: 11707: 11700: 11684: 11680: 11673: 11657: 11653: 11645: 11641: 11633: 11629: 11621: 11617: 11609: 11602: 11594: 11587: 11579: 11575: 11565: 11563: 11550: 11546: 11536: 11534: 11523: 11519: 11511: 11507: 11499: 11495: 11482: 11478: 11470: 11466: 11459: 11443: 11439: 11432: 11416: 11412: 11402: 11400: 11380: 11376: 11366: 11364: 11363:on 4 April 2014 11351: 11350: 11346: 11336: 11334: 11333:on 26 July 2013 11319: 11312: 11302: 11300: 11299:on 26 July 2013 11282: 11278: 11267: 11251: 11247: 11234: 11232: 11219: 11218: 11214: 11207: 11191: 11187: 11179: 11175: 11167: 11163: 11155: 11151: 11146: 11142: 11137: 11133: 11123: 11121: 11070: 11066: 11056: 11054: 11037: 11033: 11023: 11021: 11020:on 23 July 2013 11012: 11011: 11007: 10999: 10995: 10984: 10980: 10970: 10968: 10950: 10946: 10938: 10934: 10924: 10922: 10921:on 26 July 2013 10905: 10904: 10900: 10890: 10888: 10887:on 26 July 2013 10869: 10865: 10855: 10853: 10852:on 8 April 2014 10836: 10835: 10831: 10821: 10807: 10803: 10793: 10779: 10775: 10765: 10751: 10747: 10737: 10721: 10717: 10707: 10691: 10687: 10680: 10664: 10660: 10649: 10635: 10628: 10617: 10613: 10603: 10589: 10585: 10578: 10562: 10558: 10548: 10546: 10531: 10530: 10526: 10516: 10514: 10507: 10491: 10487: 10477: 10475: 10462: 10461: 10457: 10447: 10445: 10432: 10431: 10427: 10419: 10415: 10405: 10403: 10402:on 8 April 2014 10399: 10388: 10384: 10383: 10379: 10369: 10367: 10354: 10353: 10346: 10332: 10325: 10311: 10304: 10294: 10292: 10283: 10282: 10278: 10258: 10254: 10241: 10237: 10232: 10228: 10218: 10216: 10209: 10193: 10189: 10179: 10177: 10176:on 26 July 2013 10162: 10161: 10157: 10147: 10145: 10144:on 17 July 2004 10134: 10133: 10126: 10118: 10114: 10095:Rowson, Everett 10081: 10077: 10067: 10065: 10058: 10042: 10038: 10019: 10015: 10008: 9989: 9985: 9917: 9913: 9903: 9901: 9888: 9887: 9883: 9873: 9871: 9870:on 8 April 2023 9858: 9857: 9853: 9843: 9841: 9832: 9831: 9827: 9817: 9815: 9802: 9801: 9797: 9787: 9785: 9781: 9760: 9754: 9750: 9740: 9738: 9725: 9724: 9720: 9710: 9708: 9693: 9692: 9688: 9678: 9676: 9667: 9666: 9662: 9646: 9645: 9638: 9636: 9627: 9626: 9622: 9615: 9599: 9595: 9585: 9583: 9568: 9564: 9554: 9552: 9535: 9531: 9521: 9519: 9515: 9508: 9503: 9502: 9498: 9488: 9486: 9482: 9475: 9471: 9470: 9466: 9456: 9454: 9441: 9440: 9436: 9426: 9424: 9417:timeanddate.com 9411: 9410: 9406: 9396: 9394: 9390: 9384: 9373: 9367: 9366: 9362: 9352: 9350: 9337: 9336: 9332: 9322: 9320: 9311: 9310: 9295: 9285: 9283: 9270: 9269: 9265: 9260: 9256: 9231: 9227: 9217: 9215: 9200: 9196: 9186: 9184: 9167: 9163: 9153: 9151: 9144: 9138: 9134: 9122: 9120: 9095: 9093: 9064: 9062: 9044: 9040: 9025: 9023: 8995: 8993: 8978: 8966: 8964: 8937: 8935: 8875: 8871: 8861: 8859: 8852: 8838: 8837: 8833: 8823: 8821: 8812: 8811: 8807: 8802:Wayback Machine 8783: 8779: 8773:Wayback Machine 8759: 8755: 8745: 8743: 8734: 8733: 8726: 8716: 8714: 8705: 8704: 8700: 8691: 8690: 8681: 8671: 8669: 8654: 8653: 8646: 8636: 8634: 8625: 8624: 8617: 8606: 8602: 8592: 8590: 8565: 8561: 8551: 8549: 8540: 8539: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8519: 8498: 8494: 8490: 8468: 8464: 8453: 8452: 8413: 8377: 8373: 8372: 8368: 8355: 8351: 8342: 8338: 8329: 8325: 8320: 8302: 8295: 8288: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8099: 8093: 8087: 8079:Bamyan Province 8020:winter solstice 7978: 7931: 7925: 7806: 7800: 7684: 7678: 7670:Parween Pazhwak 7596: 7590: 7478: 7472: 7452:deep into India 7392: 7386: 7313:Afghan clothing 7247:parallel cousin 7208:Iranian Plateau 7192:Pashtun culture 7168: 7162: 7139:Jinnah Hospital 7096:life expectancy 7082:in Afghanistan. 7068: 7062: 6971:formal learning 6940: 6934: 6920:Zablon Simintov 6856: 6850: 6830:Afghan refugees 6704:ethnolinguistic 6689: 6683: 6675:Main articles: 6673: 6668: 6641:Ghazni Province 6605:Takhar Province 6587:Kunduz Province 6498: 6492: 6488: 6461: 6455: 6451: 6419: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6383: 6333: 6321: 6292: 6275: 6273:Afghan diaspora 6263:Main articles: 6261: 6203:Bagram Air Base 6099: 6089: 6083: 6055:Afghan Wireless 6047: 6041: 5995:is kept in the 5896: 5890: 5882:Sardeh Band Dam 5827: 5819:Main articles: 5817: 5808: 5773: 5689: 5680:, precious and 5631: 5625: 5567: 5397: 5391: 5332: 5330:Afghan refugees 5310: 5286: 5280: 5212: 5206: 5200: 5195: 4974: 4966:Main articles: 4964: 4957: 4956: 4948:was abolished. 4829:Chief Executive 4805: 4804: 4803: 4802: 4801: 4794: 4789: 4781: 4780: 4773: 4768: 4759: 4758: 4757: 4746: 4741: 4733: 4732: 4725: 4720: 4709: 4703: 4697: 4641: 4635: 4607:protected areas 4597:, short grass, 4595:broadleaf trees 4549:Stigmella kasyi 4450:Wakhan Corridor 4434:Siberian tigers 4414: 4408: 4371:Wakhan Corridor 4344: 4294:In Afghanistan 4277:Pamir Mountains 4257:Arghandab River 4204:provinces (see 4192:Plains and the 4178:Pamir Mountains 4159:Pamir Mountains 4155:Wakhan Corridor 4130:of Tajikistan; 4122:of Uzbekistan; 4074: 4063: 4062: 4061: 4056: 4047: 4038: 4029: 4020: 4011: 4002: 3991: 3980: 3969: 3959: 3955: 3945: 3941: 3936: 3927: 3917: 3913: 3903: 3899: 3894: 3885: 3879: 3874: 3868: 3863: 3857: 3852: 3846: 3841: 3835: 3830: 3824: 3819: 3813: 3808: 3802: 3797: 3791: 3786: 3780: 3775: 3769: 3764: 3758: 3753: 3747: 3742: 3736: 3731: 3725: 3715: 3711: 3705: 3576:Panjshir Valley 3543: 3537: 3521:US–Taliban deal 3405:Osama bin Laden 3397: 3379: 3371:Panjshir Valley 3349: 3306: 3277:) from Islamic 3242: 3224: 3162: 3143:Hafizullah Amin 3126:(ISI), and the 3086:Saur Revolution 3062: 3056: 3044:Main articles: 3042: 3026:development aid 2862:Weimar Republic 2796:First World War 2791: 2785: 2774:Habibullah Khan 2668:of 1857, while 2609:Parwan campaign 2502:, ruler of the 2492:Sadozai Dynasty 2477:Maimana Khanate 2405: 2383:Maimana Khanate 2371: 2257: 2134:Afsharid empire 2114: 2106:Main articles: 2104: 2067:after the 1729 2013: 2007: 1754: 1742:Main articles: 1740: 1738:Medieval period 1692:Parthian Empire 1653:Greco-Bactrians 1633:Seleucid Empire 1605:belt depicting 1521:Helmand culture 1468: 1462: 1456: 1451: 1445: 1314: 1308: 1253:capturing Kabul 1221:socialist state 1134:Greco-Bactrians 964:is not observed 944: 939: 902: 901: 900: 889: 877: 867: 855: 843: 833: 817: 805: 786: 769: 755: 734: 724:26 January 2004 721: 716: 706: 704:Islamic Emirate 693: 678: 663: 650: 635: 620: 605: 590: 575: 562: 549: 544: 528: 490: 470: 456: 453: 406: 383: 375: 366: 357: 348: 339: 330: 321: 303: 293: 265: 263: 259: 256: 251: 248: 246: 244: 243: 242: 236: 223:UN member state 214: 213: 210: 203: 200: 188: 182: 174: 145: 139: 126: 125: 124: 119: 111: 110: 105: 92: 91: 82: 81: 74: 59: 58: 51: 40: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 27776: 27766: 27765: 27760: 27755: 27750: 27745: 27740: 27735: 27730: 27725: 27720: 27715: 27710: 27705: 27703:Islamic states 27700: 27695: 27690: 27685: 27680: 27675: 27658: 27657: 27652: 27651: 27649: 27648: 27638: 27627: 27624: 27623: 27621: 27620: 27615: 27610: 27605: 27598: 27591: 27586: 27581: 27577:Situation Room 27573: 27568: 27563: 27558: 27553: 27548: 27543: 27538: 27533: 27528: 27523: 27518: 27513: 27508: 27503: 27498: 27493: 27488: 27483: 27478: 27472: 27470: 27466: 27465: 27463: 27462: 27457: 27452: 27447: 27442: 27437: 27431: 27424: 27422: 27418: 27417: 27414: 27413: 27411: 27410: 27405: 27400: 27395: 27390: 27385: 27380: 27375: 27370: 27365: 27360: 27355: 27349: 27347: 27343: 27342: 27340: 27339: 27334: 27329: 27324: 27319: 27314: 27309: 27303: 27301: 27288: 27284: 27283: 27280: 27279: 27276: 27275: 27273: 27272: 27267: 27262: 27257: 27252: 27247: 27242: 27237: 27232: 27227: 27222: 27217: 27212: 27207: 27201: 27199: 27195: 27194: 27192: 27191: 27186: 27181: 27176: 27174:Khalil Haqqani 27171: 27166: 27161: 27156: 27151: 27146: 27140: 27138: 27131: 27127: 27126: 27124: 27123: 27118: 27113: 27111:European Union 27108: 27103: 27101:United Kingdom 27098: 27093: 27088: 27078: 27073: 27068: 27063: 27057: 27055: 27048: 27044: 27043: 27041: 27040: 27035: 27025: 27015: 27009: 27006: 27005: 26998: 26997: 26990: 26983: 26975: 26966: 26965: 26963: 26962: 26960:SAARC Fountain 26957: 26952: 26947: 26942: 26937: 26932: 26927: 26921: 26919: 26915: 26914: 26912: 26911: 26906: 26901: 26896: 26891: 26886: 26881: 26875: 26873: 26869: 26868: 26866: 26865: 26860: 26854: 26852: 26848: 26847: 26845: 26844: 26839: 26834: 26829: 26824: 26819: 26814: 26812:European Union 26809: 26804: 26798: 26796: 26792: 26791: 26789: 26788: 26783: 26778: 26773: 26768: 26763: 26758: 26753: 26747: 26745: 26741: 26740: 26738: 26737: 26732:Islamabad 2016 26729: 26727:Kathmandu 2014 26724: 26719: 26714: 26709: 26707:New Delhi 2007 26704: 26699: 26697:Islamabad 2004 26694: 26692:Kathmandu 2002 26689: 26684: 26679: 26677:New Delhi 1995 26674: 26669: 26664: 26659: 26657:Islamabad 1988 26654: 26652:Kathmandu 1987 26649: 26647:Bangalore 1986 26644: 26638: 26636: 26632: 26631: 26626: 26624: 26620: 26619: 26611: 26610: 26603: 26596: 26588: 26579: 26578: 26576: 26575: 26558: 26556: 26552: 26551: 26549: 26548: 26534: 26520: 26506: 26492: 26478: 26464: 26450: 26436: 26422: 26407: 26405: 26401: 26400: 26398: 26397: 26395:Islamabad 2017 26392: 26387: 26382: 26377: 26372: 26367: 26362: 26357: 26352: 26347: 26345:Islamabad 1995 26342: 26337: 26331: 26329: 26325: 26324: 26321: 26320: 26318: 26317: 26312: 26306: 26304: 26300: 26299: 26297: 26296: 26291: 26286: 26281: 26276: 26270: 26264: 26260: 26259: 26251: 26250: 26243: 26236: 26228: 26219: 26218: 26216: 26215: 26210: 26205: 26200: 26195: 26189: 26187: 26181: 26180: 26178: 26177: 26172: 26167: 26161: 26159: 26155: 26154: 26152: 26151: 26146: 26140: 26138: 26132: 26131: 26129: 26128: 26127: 26126: 26116: 26111: 26106: 26101: 26095: 26093: 26087: 26086: 26084: 26083: 26082: 26081: 26076: 26071: 26061: 26056: 26055: 26054: 26049: 26044: 26039: 26028: 26026: 26020: 26019: 26017: 26016: 26011: 26006: 26001: 25996: 25991: 25986: 25981: 25976: 25975: 25974: 25963: 25961: 25955: 25954: 25952: 25951: 25946: 25941: 25940: 25939: 25934: 25929: 25919: 25913: 25911: 25901: 25900: 25898: 25897: 25895:Climate change 25892: 25886: 25884: 25878: 25877: 25875: 25874: 25869: 25864: 25859: 25854: 25849: 25844: 25839: 25834: 25829: 25824: 25819: 25814: 25808: 25806: 25800: 25799: 25797: 25796: 25791: 25790: 25789: 25784: 25779: 25774: 25766: 25761: 25756: 25751: 25746: 25741: 25736: 25731: 25726: 25720: 25718: 25712: 25711: 25704: 25702: 25700: 25699: 25694: 25693: 25692: 25687: 25682: 25677: 25667: 25662: 25661: 25660: 25650: 25645: 25640: 25639: 25638: 25633: 25628: 25623: 25622: 25621: 25606: 25601: 25596: 25590: 25588: 25582: 25581: 25574: 25573: 25566: 25559: 25551: 25542: 25541: 25539: 25538: 25533: 25527: 25525: 25519: 25518: 25516: 25515: 25510: 25505: 25500: 25495: 25489: 25487: 25481: 25480: 25478: 25477: 25472: 25467: 25462: 25457: 25451: 25449: 25439: 25438: 25436: 25435: 25430: 25429: 25428: 25423: 25413: 25408: 25403: 25398: 25393: 25388: 25383: 25378: 25372: 25370: 25364: 25363: 25361: 25360: 25355: 25350: 25345: 25340: 25335: 25330: 25325: 25320: 25315: 25310: 25305: 25300: 25295: 25290: 25285: 25280: 25275: 25270: 25265: 25260: 25255: 25249: 25247: 25241: 25240: 25233: 25231: 25229: 25228: 25223: 25218: 25213: 25208: 25202: 25200: 25194: 25193: 25186: 25185: 25178: 25171: 25163: 25154: 25153: 25151: 25150: 25138: 25124: 25123: 25120: 25116: 25115: 25112: 25111: 25109: 25108: 25103: 25097: 25095: 25088: 25085: 25084: 25081: 25080: 25078: 25077: 25067: 25060: 25058: 25057:United Kingdom 25054: 25053: 25051: 25050: 25044: 25042: 25038: 25037: 25035: 25034: 25029: 25023: 25021: 25014: 25007: 25004: 25003: 25001: 25000: 24995: 24990: 24985: 24980: 24974: 24972: 24965: 24962: 24961: 24954: 24952: 24950: 24949: 24944: 24939: 24934: 24929: 24924: 24919: 24914: 24909: 24904: 24899: 24894: 24889: 24884: 24879: 24874: 24869: 24864: 24859: 24854: 24849: 24844: 24839: 24834: 24829: 24824: 24819: 24814: 24809: 24804: 24799: 24794: 24789: 24784: 24779: 24774: 24769: 24764: 24759: 24754: 24749: 24744: 24739: 24734: 24729: 24724: 24719: 24714: 24709: 24703: 24701: 24695: 24694: 24683: 24682: 24675: 24668: 24660: 24654: 24651: 24650: 24638: 24637: 24635: 24634: 24629: 24622: 24621: 24614: 24607: 24599: 24598: 24595: 24594: 24591: 24590: 24588: 24587: 24582: 24577: 24572: 24567: 24562: 24557: 24552: 24547: 24542: 24536: 24530: 24524: 24523: 24520: 24519: 24517: 24516: 24511: 24506: 24501: 24496: 24491: 24486: 24481: 24476: 24474:Communications 24471: 24465: 24459: 24453: 24452: 24449: 24448: 24446: 24445: 24444: 24443: 24433: 24432: 24431: 24426: 24416: 24411: 24406: 24401: 24396: 24394:Prime Minister 24391: 24389:Supreme Leader 24386: 24381: 24376: 24371: 24365: 24359: 24353: 24352: 24350: 24349: 24344: 24343: 24342: 24340:Persian (Dari) 24332: 24327: 24326: 24325: 24320: 24315: 24310: 24305: 24300: 24295: 24290: 24285: 24280: 24275: 24270: 24259: 24257: 24251: 24250: 24247: 24246: 24244: 24243: 24238: 24233: 24231:Extreme points 24228: 24223: 24218: 24216:Climate change 24213: 24208: 24202: 24196: 24190: 24189: 24186: 24185: 24183: 24182: 24177: 24170: 24165: 24160: 24154: 24152: 24145: 24144: 24143: 24142: 24137: 24132: 24127: 24122: 24117: 24107: 24102: 24097: 24092: 24087: 24082: 24077: 24072: 24067: 24062: 24057: 24052: 24047: 24042: 24037: 24035:Durrani Empire 24032: 24027: 24022: 24017: 24012: 24007: 24002: 23997: 23992: 23987: 23982: 23976: 23974: 23968: 23967: 23956: 23955: 23948: 23941: 23933: 23927: 23926: 23914: 23904: 23895: 23877: 23876:External links 23874: 23871: 23870: 23864: 23849: 23843: 23828: 23822: 23807: 23801: 23784: 23778: 23760: 23754: 23739: 23733: 23718: 23712: 23697: 23691: 23675: 23669: 23654: 23648: 23633: 23627: 23614: 23608: 23592: 23586: 23571: 23565: 23550: 23544: 23528: 23527: 23516:Main article: 23513: 23510: 23508: 23507: 23501: 23487: 23485: 23482: 23479: 23478: 23471: 23448: 23415: 23397: 23382:. Team Melli. 23371: 23345: 23315: 23285: 23255: 23229: 23203: 23192:. 30 June 2018 23177: 23155: 23129: 23116:Jagranjosh.com 23103: 23085: 23066: 23059: 23037: 23030: 23016:Foltz, Richard 23007: 22986: 22979: 22959: 22940: 22922: 22892: 22877: 22858: 22840: 22826: 22808: 22782: 22775: 22755: 22753:, p. 405. 22743: 22710: 22680: 22677:. 7 July 2012. 22666: 22640: 22622: 22599: 22573: 22547: 22540: 22520: 22502: 22486:"Gandhara art" 22477: 22451: 22429: 22414: 22389: 22371: 22357: 22354:. 12 May 2019. 22339: 22313: 22295: 22277: 22270: 22252: 22213: 22211:. 2007. p. 64. 22193: 22163: 22149: 22123: 22109: 22102: 22082: 22070: 22041: 22004: 22002:, p. 104. 21992: 21980: 21956: 21944: 21942:, p. 126. 21932: 21878: 21841: 21814: 21784: 21751: 21724: 21694: 21660: 21628: 21597: 21576: 21540: 21514: 21488: 21466: 21441: 21419: 21392: 21362: 21321: 21299: 21272: 21239: 21211: 21185: 21154: 21131: 21113: 21096:Hinduism Today 21082: 21055: 21021: 21000: 20985: 20963: 20956: 20933: 20914: 20902:Encyc. Iranica 20893: 20863: 20833: 20813: 20799: 20770: 20753: 20738: 20720: 20702: 20684: 20673:on 11 May 2014 20658: 20599: 20568: 20538: 20499: 20479: 20453: 20435: 20410: 20403: 20383: 20360: 20330: 20304: 20278: 20249: 20218: 20188: 20155: 20125: 20093: 20074: 20067: 20047: 20029: 20014: 19987: 19957: 19935: 19913: 19891: 19865: 19854:Kumar, Ruchi. 19846: 19844:, p. 115. 19834: 19831:. 8 June 2015. 19816: 19789: 19759: 19729: 19711: 19692: 19674: 19647: 19617: 19596: 19582: 19564: 19546: 19524: 19502: 19469: 19444: 19412: 19378: 19353: 19331: 19307: 19272: 19246: 19220: 19185: 19160: 19131: 19092: 19050: 19028: 19006: 18980: 18953: 18924: 18906: 18888: 18870: 18852:Sultan, Abid. 18844: 18826: 18812: 18786: 18760: 18738: 18720: 18697: 18675: 18650: 18627: 18601: 18564: 18537: 18510: 18484: 18458: 18427: 18401: 18371: 18345: 18328:Bloomberg News 18314: 18282: 18265:Anadolu Ajansı 18251: 18220: 18194: 18167: 18134: 18103: 18076: 18045: 18014: 17983: 17950: 17911: 17870: 17838: 17815:Bezhan, Frud. 17807: 17777: 17750: 17719: 17693: 17674: 17648: 17617: 17599:Bloomberg News 17585: 17555: 17553:, p. 642. 17543: 17510: 17484: 17445: 17419: 17406: 17391:Kumar, Ruchi. 17383: 17372:. 25 June 2024 17357: 17331: 17309: 17279: 17249: 17219: 17187: 17156: 17126: 17095: 17064: 17034: 17008: 16982: 16980:, p. 295. 16970: 16944: 16917: 16891: 16862: 16794: 16787: 16762: 16732: 16725: 16700: 16693: 16673: 16643: 16582: 16552: 16517: 16487: 16448: 16430: 16414: 16384: 16362: 16336: 16303: 16271: 16217: 16181: 16174: 16154: 16147: 16110: 16103: 16083: 16064: 16038: 16008: 15982: 15976:978-9004181595 15975: 15955: 15936: 15917: 15881: 15849: 15819: 15817: 15816: 15792: 15772: 15752: 15732: 15686: 15656: 15626: 15600: 15574: 15548: 15520: 15490: 15456: 15430: 15398: 15372: 15342: 15312: 15282: 15250: 15224: 15194: 15168: 15142: 15101: 15071: 15041: 15011: 14981: 14951: 14921: 14896: 14861: 14831: 14801: 14771: 14741: 14709: 14679: 14647: 14620: 14588: 14558: 14525: 14523: 14522: 14520:on 5 May 2015. 14504: 14502:on 5 May 2015. 14487: 14455: 14425: 14395: 14362: 14332: 14295: 14269: 14243: 14226:Forces Network 14212: 14186: 14179: 14159: 14126: 14100: 14074: 14047: 14017: 13991: 13974:Return to Hope 13961: 13944:Monthly Review 13930: 13900: 13870: 13844: 13816: 13783: 13741: 13705: 13686: 13653: 13635: 13609: 13584: 13577: 13559: 13529: 13522:Marcela Grad. 13514: 13492: 13485: 13459: 13429: 13399: 13368: 13361: 13343: 13341: 13340: 13279: 13272: 13254: 13235: 13222: 13190: 13165: 13148: 13116: 13079: 13047: 13038: 13013: 13006: 12985: 12955: 12943:prr.hec.gov.pk 12927: 12915: 12892: 12862: 12831: 12805: 12779: 12757: 12727: 12720: 12694: 12657: 12646: 12626: 12603: 12583: 12526: 12519: 12501: 12499:, p. 234. 12489: 12459: 12446:978-1850438571 12445: 12415: 12408: 12390: 12383: 12365: 12358: 12338: 12326: 12299: 12292: 12272: 12265: 12242: 12223: 12203: 12184: 12164: 12145: 12125: 12095: 12078: 12051:(2): 235–257. 12035: 12028: 12008: 11989:(3): 387–410. 11973: 11966: 11946: 11928: 11898: 11886: 11853: 11841: 11834: 11814: 11787: 11764:(2): 160–171. 11744: 11737: 11717: 11715:, p. 205. 11705: 11698: 11678: 11671: 11651: 11649:, p. 176. 11639: 11637:, p. 172. 11627: 11625:, p. 166. 11615: 11613:, p. 162. 11600: 11598:, p. 158. 11585: 11583:, p. 155. 11573: 11544: 11517: 11515:, p. 149. 11505: 11493: 11476: 11474:, p. 248. 11464: 11457: 11437: 11430: 11410: 11374: 11344: 11310: 11276: 11265: 11245: 11212: 11205: 11185: 11173: 11171:, pp. 75. 11161: 11149: 11140: 11131: 11064: 11031: 11005: 10993: 10978: 10944: 10932: 10898: 10863: 10829: 10819: 10801: 10791: 10773: 10763: 10745: 10735: 10715: 10705: 10685: 10678: 10658: 10647: 10626: 10611: 10601: 10583: 10576: 10556: 10524: 10505: 10485: 10455: 10425: 10413: 10377: 10344: 10323: 10302: 10276: 10252: 10235: 10226: 10208:978-0521576529 10207: 10187: 10155: 10124: 10122:, p. 317. 10112: 10091:Krämer, Gudrun 10075: 10056: 10036: 10013: 10006: 9983: 9981: 9980: 9961: 9943: 9924: 9921: 9911: 9881: 9851: 9825: 9795: 9748: 9718: 9686: 9660: 9633:The Australian 9620: 9613: 9593: 9562: 9529: 9496: 9464: 9434: 9404: 9382: 9360: 9330: 9293: 9263: 9254: 9225: 9194: 9161: 9132: 9130: 9129: 9102: 9038: 9036: 9035: 9005: 8976: 8948: 8888:(3): 383–401. 8869: 8850: 8831: 8805: 8777: 8753: 8724: 8698: 8679: 8644: 8615: 8600: 8559: 8548:on 3 June 2019 8532: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8518: 8517: 8492: 8489: 8488: 8479: 8469: 8462: 8366: 8349: 8336: 8322: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8315: 8314: 8308: 8307: 8293: 8277: 8274: 8251:FIFA World Cup 8194:. It won the 8089:Main article: 8086: 8083: 8075:Mazar-i-Sharif 8002:In Afghanistan 7998:vernal equinox 7977: 7974: 7929:Afghan cuisine 7927:Main article: 7924: 7921: 7810:radio stations 7802:Main article: 7799: 7796: 7770:Ubaidullah Jan 7743:Ustad Sarahang 7680:Main article: 7677: 7674: 7589: 7586: 7474:Main article: 7471: 7468: 7420:Minaret of Jam 7388:Main article: 7385: 7382: 7322:perahan tunban 7317:shalwar kameez 7243:Child marriage 7220:Pashtunization 7164:Main article: 7161: 7158: 7094:. The average 7064:Main article: 7061: 7058: 7020:in the north, 7008:in the south, 6936:Main article: 6933: 6930: 6909:Deutsche Welle 6867:Mazar-i-Sharif 6852:Main article: 6849: 6846: 6672: 6669: 6665: 6664: 6661: 6659:Khost Province 6656: 6651: 6647: 6646: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6629: 6628: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6611: 6610: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6593: 6592: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6575: 6574: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6557: 6556: 6553: 6551:Balkh Province 6548: 6546:Mazar-i-Sharif 6543: 6539: 6538: 6535: 6533:Herat Province 6530: 6525: 6521: 6520: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6503: 6502: 6500:Mazar-i-Sharif 6481: 6478: 6476:Kabul Province 6473: 6468: 6465: 6443: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6424: 6421: 6420: 6414: 6409: 6407: 6406: 6399: 6392: 6384: 6381: 6376: 6364:Mazar-i-Sharif 6358:in the south, 6332: 6329: 6320: 6319:Fertility rate 6317: 6291: 6288: 6283:Pashtun tribes 6260: 6257: 6249:auto rickshaws 6210:Mazar-i-Sharif 6129:Kabul–Kandahar 6085:Main article: 6082: 6081:Transportation 6079: 6051:Afghan Telecom 6043:Main article: 6040: 6037: 5981:Minaret of Jam 5946:Minaret of Jam 5892:Main article: 5889: 5886: 5816: 5813: 5627:Main article: 5624: 5621: 5596:Herat Province 5566: 5563: 5497:Mazar-e-Sharif 5451:New Kabul Bank 5421:GDP per capita 5393:Main article: 5390: 5387: 5366:paired with a 5309: 5306: 5296:following the 5282:Main article: 5279: 5276: 5274:in July 2022. 5252:United Kingdom 5202:Main article: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5022: 4963: 4960: 4942:acting Cabinet 4915:executive body 4911:Prime minister 4884:Prime Minister 4790: 4783: 4782: 4769: 4762: 4761: 4760: 4742: 4735: 4734: 4729:Prime Minister 4721: 4714: 4713: 4712: 4711: 4710: 4699:Main article: 4696: 4693: 4637:Main article: 4634: 4631: 4611:national parks 4571:Iris afghanica 4539:Paradactylodon 4410:Main article: 4407: 4404: 4353:of Afghanistan 4343: 4340: 4312:mountain range 4301:primary forest 4263:, such as the 4231:of Afghanistan 4124:Khatlon Region 4048: 4039: 4030: 4021: 4012: 4003: 3992: 3981: 3970: 3956: 3942: 3932:Mazar-i-Sharif 3928: 3914: 3900: 3886: 3875: 3864: 3853: 3842: 3831: 3820: 3809: 3798: 3787: 3776: 3765: 3754: 3743: 3732: 3721: 3713: 3712: 3707:Main article: 3704: 3701: 3662:Suhail Shaheen 3625:supreme leader 3616:following the 3568:Amrullah Saleh 3536: 3533: 3423:US troops and 3378: 3375: 3303:scorched earth 3223: 3220: 3041: 3038: 3030:bloodless coup 2986:prime minister 2903:forces led by 2826:Amanullah Khan 2808:Amanullah Khan 2783: 2576:The Great Game 2514:following the 2506:, who invaded 2449:Barakzai tribe 2370: 2367: 2322:Durrani Throne 2278:Durrani Empire 2168:; he captured 2130:Maratha empire 2108:Durrani Empire 2103: 2102:Durrani empire 2100: 2043:. He defeated 2009:Main article: 2006: 2003: 1971:Arghun dynasty 1940:Timurid Empire 1932:Khalji dynasty 1887:Minaret of Jam 1865:. Mahmud made 1830:and portrayed 1804:Greco-Buddhism 1796:Zoroastrianism 1739: 1736: 1712:Indo-Sassanids 1661:Indo-Scythians 1458:Main article: 1455: 1452: 1447:Main article: 1444: 1441: 1380:Hudud al-'Alam 1310:Main article: 1307: 1304: 1272:cannabis resin 1219:established a 1178:Russian Empire 1174:British Empire 1150:Zoroastrianism 1016:east and south 991: 990: 985: 979: 978: 973: 967: 966: 958: 955: 954: 946:Lunar Calendar 937: 933: 932: 916: 912: 911: 892: 882: 881: 878: 875: 872: 871: 868: 865: 862: 861: 858: 848: 847: 844: 841: 838: 837: 834: 831: 828: 827: 824: 810: 809: 806: 804:• Density 803: 800: 799: 787: 784: 781: 780: 774: 773: 770: 767: 764: 763: 756: 753: 750: 749: 743: 742: 739: 738: 737:15 August 2021 735: 729: 726: 725: 722: 714: 711: 710: 707: 701: 698: 697: 694: 688: 685: 684: 679: 673: 670: 669: 664: 658: 655: 654: 651: 645: 642: 641: 639:19 August 1919 636: 630: 627: 626: 621: 615: 612: 611: 606: 600: 597: 596: 591: 585: 582: 581: 576: 570: 567: 566: 563: 557: 554: 553: 550: 546:Durrani Empire 542: 539: 538: 529: 523: 520: 519: 516: 515: 509: 508: 505: 501: 500: 497: 496: 491: 485: 482: 481: 471: 468:Prime Minister 465: 462: 461: 454: 451:Supreme Leader 448: 445: 444: 441: 440: 426: 420: 419: 414: 408: 407: 405: 404: 398: 386: 384: 381: 377: 376: 374: 373: 364: 355: 346: 337: 328: 319: 313: 306: 304: 301: 295: 294: 292: 291: 286: 280: 278: 274: 273: 266:34.517; 69.183 237: 234: 230: 229: 220: 216: 215: 204: 194: 193: 190: 189: 162: 161: 128: 127: 120: 113: 112: 106: 99: 98: 97: 94: 93: 90: 89: 66: 42: 41: 38: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 27775: 27764: 27761: 27759: 27756: 27754: 27751: 27749: 27746: 27744: 27741: 27739: 27736: 27734: 27731: 27729: 27726: 27724: 27721: 27719: 27716: 27714: 27711: 27709: 27706: 27704: 27701: 27699: 27696: 27694: 27691: 27689: 27686: 27684: 27681: 27679: 27676: 27674: 27671: 27670: 27668: 27647: 27639: 27637: 27629: 27628: 27625: 27619: 27616: 27614: 27611: 27609: 27606: 27604: 27603: 27599: 27597: 27596: 27592: 27590: 27587: 27585: 27582: 27580: 27578: 27574: 27572: 27569: 27567: 27564: 27562: 27559: 27557: 27554: 27552: 27549: 27547: 27544: 27542: 27539: 27537: 27534: 27532: 27529: 27527: 27524: 27522: 27519: 27517: 27514: 27512: 27509: 27507: 27504: 27502: 27499: 27497: 27494: 27492: 27489: 27487: 27486:Bush Doctrine 27484: 27482: 27479: 27477: 27474: 27473: 27471: 27467: 27461: 27458: 27456: 27453: 27451: 27448: 27446: 27443: 27441: 27438: 27435: 27434:Torture Memos 27432: 27429: 27426: 27425: 27423: 27419: 27409: 27406: 27404: 27401: 27399: 27396: 27394: 27391: 27389: 27386: 27384: 27381: 27379: 27376: 27374: 27371: 27369: 27366: 27364: 27361: 27359: 27356: 27354: 27351: 27350: 27348: 27344: 27338: 27335: 27333: 27330: 27328: 27325: 27323: 27320: 27318: 27315: 27313: 27310: 27308: 27305: 27304: 27302: 27300: 27299: 27292: 27289: 27285: 27271: 27270:Islamic State 27268: 27266: 27263: 27261: 27258: 27256: 27253: 27251: 27248: 27246: 27243: 27241: 27238: 27236: 27233: 27231: 27228: 27226: 27223: 27221: 27218: 27216: 27213: 27211: 27208: 27206: 27203: 27202: 27200: 27196: 27190: 27187: 27185: 27182: 27180: 27177: 27175: 27172: 27170: 27167: 27165: 27162: 27160: 27157: 27155: 27152: 27150: 27147: 27145: 27142: 27141: 27139: 27135: 27132: 27128: 27122: 27119: 27117: 27114: 27112: 27109: 27107: 27106:United States 27104: 27102: 27099: 27097: 27094: 27092: 27089: 27086: 27082: 27079: 27077: 27074: 27072: 27069: 27067: 27064: 27062: 27059: 27058: 27056: 27052: 27049: 27045: 27039: 27036: 27033: 27030:(2003–2011) ( 27029: 27026: 27023: 27019: 27016: 27014: 27011: 27010: 27007: 27003: 27002:War on terror 26996: 26991: 26989: 26984: 26982: 26977: 26976: 26973: 26961: 26958: 26956: 26953: 26951: 26948: 26946: 26943: 26941: 26938: 26936: 26933: 26931: 26928: 26926: 26923: 26922: 26920: 26916: 26910: 26907: 26905: 26902: 26900: 26897: 26895: 26892: 26890: 26887: 26885: 26882: 26880: 26877: 26876: 26874: 26870: 26864: 26861: 26859: 26856: 26855: 26853: 26849: 26843: 26842:United States 26840: 26838: 26835: 26833: 26830: 26828: 26825: 26823: 26820: 26818: 26815: 26813: 26810: 26808: 26805: 26803: 26800: 26799: 26797: 26793: 26787: 26784: 26782: 26779: 26777: 26774: 26772: 26769: 26767: 26764: 26762: 26759: 26757: 26754: 26752: 26749: 26748: 26746: 26742: 26736: 26733: 26730: 26728: 26725: 26723: 26720: 26718: 26715: 26713: 26710: 26708: 26705: 26703: 26700: 26698: 26695: 26693: 26690: 26688: 26685: 26683: 26680: 26678: 26675: 26673: 26670: 26668: 26665: 26663: 26660: 26658: 26655: 26653: 26650: 26648: 26645: 26643: 26640: 26639: 26637: 26633: 26629: 26625: 26621: 26616: 26609: 26604: 26602: 26597: 26595: 26590: 26589: 26586: 26571: 26560: 26559: 26557: 26553: 26547: 26535: 26533: 26521: 26519: 26507: 26505: 26493: 26491: 26479: 26477: 26465: 26463: 26451: 26449: 26437: 26435: 26423: 26421: 26409: 26408: 26406: 26402: 26396: 26393: 26391: 26388: 26386: 26385:Istanbul 2010 26383: 26381: 26378: 26376: 26373: 26371: 26370:Dushanbe 2004 26368: 26366: 26365:Istanbul 2002 26363: 26361: 26358: 26356: 26353: 26351: 26350:Ashgabat 1996 26348: 26346: 26343: 26341: 26340:Istanbul 1993 26338: 26336: 26333: 26332: 26330: 26326: 26316: 26313: 26311: 26308: 26307: 26305: 26301: 26295: 26292: 26290: 26287: 26285: 26282: 26280: 26277: 26275: 26272: 26271: 26268: 26265: 26261: 26256: 26249: 26244: 26242: 26237: 26235: 26230: 26229: 26226: 26214: 26211: 26209: 26206: 26204: 26201: 26199: 26196: 26194: 26191: 26190: 26188: 26186: 26182: 26176: 26173: 26171: 26168: 26166: 26163: 26162: 26160: 26156: 26150: 26147: 26145: 26142: 26141: 26139: 26137: 26133: 26125: 26122: 26121: 26120: 26117: 26115: 26112: 26110: 26107: 26105: 26102: 26100: 26097: 26096: 26094: 26092: 26088: 26080: 26077: 26075: 26072: 26070: 26067: 26066: 26065: 26062: 26060: 26057: 26053: 26050: 26048: 26045: 26043: 26040: 26038: 26035: 26034: 26033: 26030: 26029: 26027: 26025: 26021: 26015: 26012: 26010: 26007: 26005: 26002: 26000: 25997: 25995: 25992: 25990: 25987: 25985: 25982: 25980: 25977: 25973: 25970: 25969: 25968: 25965: 25964: 25962: 25960: 25956: 25950: 25947: 25945: 25942: 25938: 25935: 25933: 25930: 25928: 25925: 25924: 25923: 25920: 25918: 25915: 25914: 25912: 25910: 25906: 25902: 25896: 25893: 25891: 25888: 25887: 25885: 25883: 25879: 25873: 25870: 25868: 25865: 25863: 25860: 25858: 25855: 25853: 25850: 25848: 25845: 25843: 25840: 25838: 25835: 25833: 25830: 25828: 25825: 25823: 25820: 25818: 25815: 25813: 25812:Architecture‎ 25810: 25809: 25807: 25805: 25801: 25795: 25792: 25788: 25785: 25783: 25780: 25778: 25775: 25773: 25770: 25769: 25768:Other groups 25767: 25765: 25762: 25760: 25759:Tibeto-Burman 25757: 25755: 25752: 25750: 25747: 25745: 25742: 25740: 25737: 25735: 25732: 25730: 25729:Austroasiatic 25727: 25725: 25722: 25721: 25719: 25717: 25716:Ethnic groups 25713: 25708: 25698: 25695: 25691: 25688: 25686: 25683: 25681: 25678: 25676: 25673: 25672: 25671: 25668: 25666: 25663: 25659: 25656: 25655: 25654: 25651: 25649: 25646: 25644: 25641: 25637: 25634: 25632: 25629: 25627: 25624: 25620: 25617: 25616: 25615: 25612: 25611: 25610: 25607: 25605: 25602: 25600: 25597: 25595: 25592: 25591: 25589: 25587: 25583: 25579: 25572: 25567: 25565: 25560: 25558: 25553: 25552: 25549: 25537: 25534: 25532: 25529: 25528: 25526: 25524: 25520: 25514: 25511: 25509: 25506: 25504: 25501: 25499: 25496: 25494: 25491: 25490: 25488: 25486: 25482: 25476: 25473: 25471: 25468: 25466: 25463: 25461: 25458: 25456: 25453: 25452: 25450: 25448: 25444: 25440: 25434: 25431: 25427: 25424: 25422: 25419: 25418: 25417: 25414: 25412: 25409: 25407: 25404: 25402: 25399: 25397: 25394: 25392: 25389: 25387: 25384: 25382: 25379: 25377: 25376:Architecture‎ 25374: 25373: 25371: 25369: 25365: 25359: 25356: 25354: 25351: 25349: 25346: 25344: 25341: 25339: 25336: 25334: 25331: 25329: 25326: 25324: 25321: 25319: 25316: 25314: 25311: 25309: 25306: 25304: 25301: 25299: 25298:Volga Germans 25296: 25294: 25291: 25289: 25286: 25284: 25281: 25279: 25276: 25274: 25271: 25269: 25266: 25264: 25261: 25259: 25256: 25254: 25251: 25250: 25248: 25246: 25245:Ethnic groups 25242: 25237: 25227: 25224: 25222: 25219: 25217: 25214: 25212: 25209: 25207: 25204: 25203: 25201: 25199: 25195: 25191: 25184: 25179: 25177: 25172: 25170: 25165: 25164: 25161: 25149: 25148: 25143: 25139: 25137: 25136: 25127: 25126: 25121: 25118: 25117: 25113: 25107: 25104: 25102: 25099: 25098: 25096: 25093: 25086: 25075: 25071: 25068: 25065: 25062: 25061: 25059: 25055: 25049: 25046: 25045: 25043: 25039: 25033: 25030: 25028: 25025: 25024: 25022: 25018: 25015: 25012: 25005: 24999: 24996: 24994: 24993:South Ossetia 24991: 24989: 24986: 24984: 24981: 24979: 24976: 24975: 24973: 24970: 24963: 24958: 24948: 24945: 24943: 24940: 24938: 24935: 24933: 24930: 24928: 24925: 24923: 24920: 24918: 24915: 24913: 24910: 24908: 24905: 24903: 24900: 24898: 24895: 24893: 24890: 24888: 24885: 24883: 24880: 24878: 24875: 24873: 24870: 24868: 24865: 24863: 24860: 24858: 24855: 24853: 24850: 24848: 24845: 24843: 24840: 24838: 24835: 24833: 24830: 24828: 24825: 24823: 24820: 24818: 24815: 24813: 24810: 24808: 24805: 24803: 24800: 24798: 24795: 24793: 24790: 24788: 24785: 24783: 24780: 24778: 24775: 24773: 24770: 24768: 24765: 24763: 24760: 24758: 24755: 24753: 24750: 24748: 24745: 24743: 24740: 24738: 24735: 24733: 24730: 24728: 24725: 24723: 24720: 24718: 24715: 24713: 24710: 24708: 24705: 24704: 24702: 24700: 24696: 24692: 24688: 24681: 24676: 24674: 24669: 24667: 24662: 24661: 24658: 24652: 24645: 24633: 24630: 24628: 24625: 24624: 24619: 24615: 24612: 24608: 24605: 24601: 24600: 24596: 24586: 24583: 24581: 24578: 24576: 24573: 24571: 24568: 24566: 24563: 24561: 24558: 24556: 24553: 24551: 24548: 24546: 24543: 24541: 24538: 24537: 24534: 24531: 24529: 24525: 24515: 24512: 24510: 24507: 24505: 24502: 24500: 24497: 24495: 24492: 24490: 24487: 24485: 24482: 24480: 24477: 24475: 24472: 24470: 24467: 24466: 24463: 24460: 24458: 24454: 24442: 24441:Chief Justice 24439: 24438: 24437: 24436:Supreme Court 24434: 24430: 24427: 24425: 24422: 24421: 24420: 24417: 24415: 24412: 24410: 24407: 24405: 24402: 24400: 24399:Deputy Leader 24397: 24395: 24392: 24390: 24387: 24385: 24382: 24380: 24377: 24375: 24372: 24370: 24367: 24366: 24363: 24360: 24358: 24354: 24348: 24345: 24341: 24338: 24337: 24336: 24333: 24331: 24328: 24324: 24321: 24319: 24316: 24314: 24311: 24309: 24306: 24304: 24301: 24299: 24296: 24294: 24291: 24289: 24286: 24284: 24281: 24279: 24276: 24274: 24271: 24269: 24266: 24265: 24264: 24261: 24260: 24258: 24256: 24252: 24242: 24239: 24237: 24234: 24232: 24229: 24227: 24224: 24222: 24219: 24217: 24214: 24212: 24209: 24207: 24204: 24203: 24200: 24197: 24195: 24191: 24181: 24178: 24175: 24171: 24169: 24166: 24164: 24161: 24159: 24156: 24155: 24153: 24149: 24141: 24138: 24136: 24133: 24131: 24128: 24126: 24125:2001 invasion 24123: 24121: 24118: 24116: 24115:Islamic State 24113: 24112: 24111: 24108: 24106: 24103: 24101: 24098: 24096: 24093: 24091: 24088: 24086: 24083: 24081: 24078: 24076: 24073: 24071: 24068: 24066: 24063: 24061: 24058: 24056: 24053: 24051: 24048: 24046: 24043: 24041: 24038: 24036: 24033: 24031: 24028: 24026: 24025:Hotak dynasty 24023: 24021: 24018: 24016: 24013: 24011: 24008: 24006: 24003: 24001: 23998: 23996: 23993: 23991: 23990:Maurya Empire 23988: 23986: 23983: 23981: 23978: 23977: 23975: 23973: 23969: 23965: 23961: 23954: 23949: 23947: 23942: 23940: 23935: 23934: 23931: 23925: 23921: 23918: 23915: 23913: 23905: 23903: 23899: 23896: 23893: 23889: 23888: 23883: 23880: 23879: 23867: 23861: 23857: 23856: 23850: 23846: 23840: 23836: 23835: 23829: 23825: 23819: 23815: 23814: 23808: 23804: 23798: 23793: 23792: 23785: 23781: 23775: 23771: 23770: 23765: 23761: 23757: 23751: 23747: 23746: 23740: 23736: 23730: 23726: 23725: 23719: 23715: 23709: 23705: 23704: 23698: 23694: 23688: 23684: 23680: 23676: 23672: 23666: 23662: 23661: 23655: 23651: 23645: 23641: 23640: 23634: 23630: 23624: 23620: 23615: 23611: 23605: 23601: 23597: 23596:Dupree, Louis 23593: 23589: 23583: 23579: 23578: 23572: 23568: 23562: 23558: 23557: 23551: 23547: 23541: 23537: 23536: 23530: 23529: 23525: 23519: 23504: 23502:9781932705546 23498: 23494: 23489: 23488: 23474: 23468: 23464: 23463: 23458: 23457:Stewart, Rory 23452: 23436: 23432: 23431: 23426: 23419: 23411: 23407: 23401: 23385: 23381: 23375: 23359: 23355: 23349: 23333: 23329: 23328:CricketEurope 23325: 23319: 23303: 23299: 23292: 23290: 23273: 23269: 23265: 23259: 23243: 23239: 23233: 23218: 23214: 23207: 23191: 23187: 23181: 23165: 23159: 23144: 23140: 23133: 23117: 23113: 23107: 23099: 23095: 23089: 23081: 23077: 23070: 23062: 23056: 23051: 23050: 23041: 23033: 23027: 23023: 23022: 23017: 23011: 23003: 23002: 22997: 22990: 22982: 22976: 22972: 22971: 22963: 22955: 22951: 22944: 22936: 22932: 22926: 22910: 22906: 22902: 22896: 22888: 22881: 22873: 22869: 22862: 22854: 22853:The Telegraph 22850: 22844: 22837:. Al Jazeera. 22836: 22830: 22822: 22818: 22812: 22796: 22792: 22786: 22778: 22772: 22768: 22767: 22759: 22752: 22747: 22731: 22727: 22723: 22717: 22715: 22698: 22694: 22693:Afghan Zariza 22690: 22684: 22676: 22670: 22654: 22650: 22644: 22636: 22632: 22626: 22618: 22614: 22608: 22606: 22604: 22587: 22583: 22577: 22561: 22557: 22551: 22543: 22541:9781610695688 22537: 22533: 22532: 22524: 22516: 22512: 22506: 22491: 22487: 22481: 22465: 22461: 22455: 22439: 22433: 22425: 22418: 22409: 22404: 22400: 22393: 22385: 22381: 22375: 22367: 22361: 22353: 22349: 22343: 22327: 22323: 22317: 22309: 22305: 22299: 22291: 22287: 22281: 22273: 22267: 22263: 22256: 22248: 22244: 22240: 22236: 22232: 22228: 22224: 22217: 22210: 22206: 22205: 22197: 22181: 22177: 22173: 22167: 22159: 22153: 22137: 22133: 22127: 22119: 22113: 22105: 22103:9781469617763 22099: 22095: 22094: 22086: 22079: 22074: 22067: 22055: 22051: 22045: 22030:on 6 May 2012 22026: 22022: 22015: 22008: 22001: 21996: 21989: 21988:Barfield 2012 21984: 21978: 21974: 21970: 21966: 21960: 21954:, p. 59. 21953: 21952:Barfield 2012 21948: 21941: 21936: 21921: 21917: 21913: 21909: 21905: 21904: 21899: 21893: 21892:public domain 21882: 21866: 21862: 21858: 21852: 21850: 21848: 21846: 21829: 21825: 21818: 21802: 21798: 21794: 21788: 21772: 21768: 21767: 21762: 21755: 21740:on 8 May 2004 21739: 21735: 21728: 21712: 21708: 21704: 21698: 21691: 21679: 21675: 21671: 21664: 21645: 21638: 21632: 21616: 21612: 21608: 21601: 21593: 21589: 21588:"Afghanistan" 21583: 21581: 21561: 21557: 21550: 21549:"Afghanistan" 21544: 21528: 21524: 21518: 21503: 21499: 21492: 21476: 21470: 21455: 21451: 21445: 21429: 21423: 21407: 21403: 21396: 21380: 21376: 21372: 21366: 21349: 21344: 21340: 21336: 21332: 21325: 21309: 21303: 21287: 21283: 21276: 21260: 21256: 21255: 21250: 21243: 21228: 21227: 21222: 21215: 21199: 21195: 21189: 21173: 21169: 21165: 21158: 21142: 21135: 21127: 21123: 21117: 21101: 21097: 21093: 21086: 21070: 21066: 21059: 21043: 21039: 21035: 21031: 21025: 21017: 21013: 21007: 21005: 20996: 20989: 20983: 20979: 20976: 20974: 20967: 20959: 20957:9781857336801 20953: 20949: 20948: 20940: 20938: 20929: 20925: 20918: 20911: 20910: 20903: 20897: 20890: 20877: 20873: 20867: 20851: 20847: 20843: 20837: 20829: 20828: 20827:The Economist 20823: 20817: 20809: 20803: 20787: 20780: 20774: 20767:. Al Jazeera. 20766: 20760: 20758: 20749: 20742: 20734: 20730: 20724: 20716: 20712: 20706: 20698: 20694: 20688: 20672: 20668: 20662: 20654: 20650: 20645: 20640: 20635: 20630: 20626: 20622: 20618: 20614: 20610: 20603: 20592: 20588: 20587: 20579: 20572: 20556: 20552: 20548: 20542: 20534: 20528: 20512: 20506: 20504: 20497: 20493: 20489: 20483: 20467: 20463: 20457: 20449: 20445: 20439: 20428: 20421: 20414: 20406: 20404:9781845934668 20400: 20396: 20395: 20387: 20380:(2): 292–309. 20379: 20375: 20371: 20364: 20348: 20344: 20340: 20334: 20318: 20314: 20308: 20292: 20288: 20282: 20275: 20263: 20259: 20253: 20237: 20233: 20229: 20222: 20206: 20202: 20198: 20192: 20185: 20183: 20169: 20165: 20159: 20143: 20139: 20135: 20129: 20113: 20109: 20108: 20103: 20097: 20089: 20085: 20078: 20070: 20064: 20060: 20059: 20051: 20043: 20039: 20033: 20025: 20018: 20002: 19998: 19991: 19975: 19971: 19967: 19961: 19945: 19939: 19923: 19917: 19901: 19895: 19879: 19875: 19869: 19861: 19857: 19850: 19843: 19838: 19830: 19826: 19820: 19812: 19808: 19807: 19801: 19793: 19777: 19773: 19769: 19763: 19747: 19743: 19739: 19733: 19725: 19721: 19715: 19707: 19703: 19696: 19688: 19684: 19678: 19662: 19658: 19651: 19635: 19631: 19627: 19621: 19613: 19609: 19603: 19601: 19593:. World Bank. 19592: 19586: 19578: 19574: 19568: 19560: 19556: 19550: 19534: 19528: 19512: 19506: 19497: 19492: 19488: 19484: 19480: 19473: 19457: 19451: 19449: 19432: 19431: 19426: 19419: 19417: 19400: 19396: 19392: 19388: 19382: 19375: 19371: 19367: 19363: 19357: 19349: 19345: 19341: 19335: 19329: 19325: 19321: 19320:Daily Finance 19317: 19311: 19292: 19285: 19284: 19276: 19260: 19256: 19250: 19234: 19230: 19224: 19205: 19198: 19197: 19189: 19182: 19178: 19174: 19170: 19164: 19148: 19144: 19138: 19136: 19116: 19112: 19105: 19099: 19097: 19077: 19073: 19066: 19065: 19057: 19055: 19038: 19032: 19016: 19010: 18994: 18990: 18984: 18968: 18964: 18957: 18950: 18939: 18935: 18928: 18920: 18916: 18910: 18902: 18898: 18892: 18884: 18880: 18874: 18859: 18855: 18848: 18840: 18837: 18830: 18823:. World Bank. 18822: 18816: 18800: 18796: 18795:"Agriculture" 18790: 18774: 18773:Bloomberg.com 18770: 18764: 18748: 18742: 18734: 18730: 18724: 18716: 18712: 18708: 18701: 18693: 18689: 18685: 18679: 18664: 18660: 18654: 18646: 18642: 18638: 18631: 18615: 18611: 18605: 18586: 18582: 18575: 18568: 18561: 18557: 18553: 18552: 18547: 18541: 18525: 18521: 18514: 18498: 18494: 18488: 18472: 18468: 18462: 18446: 18442: 18438: 18431: 18415: 18411: 18405: 18389: 18385: 18381: 18375: 18359: 18355: 18349: 18333: 18329: 18325: 18318: 18302: 18298: 18297: 18292: 18286: 18270: 18266: 18262: 18255: 18239: 18235: 18231: 18224: 18209: 18205: 18198: 18182: 18178: 18171: 18155: 18151: 18150: 18145: 18138: 18122: 18118: 18114: 18107: 18091: 18087: 18080: 18064: 18060: 18056: 18049: 18033: 18029: 18025: 18018: 18003: 17999: 17995: 17994: 17987: 17971: 17967: 17966: 17961: 17954: 17938: 17934: 17930: 17926: 17922: 17915: 17899: 17895: 17891: 17887: 17886: 17881: 17874: 17858: 17854: 17853: 17848: 17842: 17826: 17822: 17818: 17811: 17795: 17791: 17787: 17781: 17765: 17761: 17754: 17738: 17734: 17730: 17723: 17707: 17703: 17697: 17689: 17685: 17678: 17662: 17658: 17652: 17636: 17632: 17628: 17621: 17605: 17601: 17600: 17595: 17589: 17573: 17569: 17565: 17559: 17552: 17547: 17528: 17521: 17514: 17498: 17494: 17488: 17472: 17468: 17464: 17460: 17456: 17449: 17433: 17429: 17423: 17416: 17410: 17394: 17387: 17371: 17367: 17361: 17345: 17341: 17335: 17319: 17313: 17297: 17293: 17289: 17283: 17267: 17263: 17259: 17253: 17237: 17233: 17229: 17223: 17207: 17203: 17202: 17197: 17191: 17180: 17177:. p. 7. 17176: 17169: 17168: 17160: 17144: 17140: 17136: 17130: 17114: 17110: 17106: 17099: 17083: 17079: 17075: 17068: 17052: 17048: 17044: 17038: 17022: 17018: 17012: 16996: 16992: 16986: 16979: 16978:Barfield 2012 16974: 16958: 16954: 16948: 16932: 16928: 16921: 16905: 16901: 16895: 16879: 16875: 16869: 16867: 16858: 16854: 16849: 16844: 16840: 16836: 16831: 16826: 16822: 16818: 16814: 16810: 16806: 16798: 16790: 16788:9781438108193 16784: 16780: 16779: 16771: 16769: 16767: 16750: 16746: 16742: 16736: 16728: 16726:9781438104805 16722: 16718: 16717: 16709: 16707: 16705: 16696: 16694:9789610500193 16690: 16686: 16685: 16677: 16661: 16657: 16653: 16647: 16639: 16635: 16630: 16625: 16621: 16617: 16613: 16609: 16605: 16601: 16597: 16593: 16592:Wood, Eric F. 16586: 16570: 16566: 16565:reliefweb.int 16562: 16556: 16540: 16536: 16532: 16528: 16521: 16505: 16501: 16497: 16491: 16472: 16468: 16461: 16460: 16452: 16444: 16440: 16434: 16426: 16425: 16418: 16402: 16398: 16394: 16388: 16380: 16376: 16372: 16366: 16350: 16346: 16340: 16324: 16320: 16316: 16310: 16308: 16288: 16281: 16275: 16269: 16256: 16252: 16251: 16246: 16245:"Afghanistan" 16240: 16238: 16236: 16234: 16232: 16230: 16228: 16226: 16224: 16222: 16202: 16198: 16191: 16185: 16177: 16175:9781633559899 16171: 16167: 16166: 16158: 16150: 16148:9781857431339 16144: 16140: 16136: 16129: 16127: 16125: 16123: 16121: 16119: 16117: 16115: 16106: 16100: 16096: 16095: 16087: 16080: 16076: 16073: 16068: 16052: 16048: 16042: 16026: 16022: 16018: 16012: 15996: 15992: 15986: 15978: 15972: 15968: 15967: 15959: 15943: 15939: 15937:9781107619500 15933: 15929: 15928: 15921: 15914: 15902: 15898: 15897: 15892: 15885: 15869: 15865: 15864: 15859: 15858:"Afghanistan" 15853: 15837: 15833: 15829: 15823: 15805: 15801: 15797: 15793: 15781: 15777: 15773: 15761: 15757: 15753: 15741: 15737: 15733: 15721: 15717: 15713: 15712: 15701: 15697: 15690: 15674: 15670: 15666: 15660: 15644: 15640: 15636: 15630: 15614: 15610: 15604: 15588: 15584: 15578: 15562: 15558: 15552: 15535: 15531: 15524: 15508: 15504: 15500: 15494: 15487: 15474: 15470: 15466: 15460: 15444: 15440: 15434: 15418: 15414: 15413: 15408: 15402: 15386: 15382: 15376: 15360: 15356: 15352: 15346: 15330: 15326: 15322: 15316: 15300: 15296: 15292: 15286: 15270: 15266: 15265: 15260: 15254: 15238: 15234: 15228: 15212: 15208: 15204: 15198: 15182: 15178: 15172: 15156: 15152: 15146: 15129: 15124: 15120: 15116: 15112: 15105: 15089: 15085: 15081: 15075: 15059: 15055: 15051: 15045: 15029: 15025: 15024:ariananews.af 15021: 15015: 14999: 14995: 14991: 14985: 14969: 14965: 14961: 14955: 14939: 14935: 14931: 14925: 14916: 14911: 14907: 14900: 14884: 14880: 14879: 14873: 14865: 14849: 14845: 14841: 14835: 14819: 14815: 14811: 14805: 14789: 14785: 14781: 14775: 14759: 14755: 14751: 14745: 14729: 14725: 14724: 14723:New Statesman 14719: 14713: 14697: 14693: 14689: 14683: 14667: 14663: 14662: 14657: 14651: 14635: 14631: 14624: 14608: 14604: 14603: 14598: 14592: 14576: 14572: 14568: 14562: 14546: 14542: 14541: 14536: 14529: 14519: 14515: 14514: 14509: 14505: 14501: 14497: 14493: 14488: 14485: 14481: 14477: 14473: 14469: 14466: 14463: 14462: 14459: 14443: 14439: 14435: 14429: 14413: 14409: 14405: 14399: 14383: 14379: 14378: 14373: 14366: 14350: 14346: 14342: 14336: 14320: 14316: 14312: 14311: 14306: 14299: 14283: 14279: 14273: 14257: 14253: 14247: 14231: 14227: 14223: 14216: 14200: 14196: 14190: 14182: 14176: 14172: 14171: 14163: 14147: 14143: 14142: 14137: 14130: 14114: 14110: 14104: 14088: 14084: 14078: 14062: 14058: 14051: 14035: 14031: 14027: 14021: 14005: 14001: 13995: 13979: 13975: 13971: 13965: 13949: 13945: 13941: 13934: 13918: 13914: 13910: 13904: 13888: 13884: 13880: 13874: 13858: 13854: 13848: 13841: 13837: 13833: 13829: 13825: 13820: 13804: 13800: 13799: 13794: 13787: 13780: 13764: 13760: 13759: 13751: 13745: 13738: 13725: 13721: 13720: 13715: 13709: 13702: 13698: 13695: 13690: 13674: 13670: 13669: 13664: 13657: 13649: 13645: 13644:"Brigade 055" 13639: 13633: 13629: 13625: 13624: 13619: 13613: 13605: 13601: 13600: 13595: 13588: 13580: 13574: 13570: 13563: 13547: 13543: 13539: 13533: 13525: 13518: 13510: 13506: 13502: 13496: 13488: 13482: 13478: 13473: 13472: 13463: 13447: 13443: 13439: 13433: 13417: 13413: 13409: 13403: 13387: 13383: 13379: 13372: 13364: 13358: 13354: 13347: 13329: 13325: 13321: 13317: 13313: 13312: 13301: 13297: 13296: 13291: 13283: 13275: 13269: 13265: 13258: 13251: 13247: 13244: 13239: 13232: 13226: 13207: 13200: 13194: 13186: 13182: 13178: 13172: 13170: 13162: 13158: 13152: 13133: 13126: 13120: 13104: 13100: 13096: 13090: 13088: 13086: 13084: 13064: 13057: 13051: 13042: 13034: 13030: 13026: 13020: 13018: 13009: 13003: 12999: 12995: 12989: 12973: 12969: 12965: 12964:"Afghanistan" 12959: 12948: 12944: 12937: 12931: 12924: 12923:Barfield 2012 12919: 12912: 12908: 12904: 12901: 12896: 12880: 12876: 12874: 12866: 12850: 12846: 12842: 12835: 12819: 12815: 12809: 12793: 12789: 12783: 12777: 12773: 12770: 12766: 12761: 12745: 12741: 12737: 12731: 12723: 12717: 12713: 12708: 12707: 12698: 12691: 12675: 12668: 12661: 12654: 12649: 12643: 12639: 12638: 12630: 12623: 12610: 12606: 12604:9780520208933 12600: 12596: 12595: 12587: 12568: 12564: 12560: 12556: 12552: 12548: 12544: 12537: 12530: 12522: 12516: 12512: 12505: 12498: 12497:Barfield 2012 12493: 12477: 12473: 12469: 12463: 12448: 12442: 12438: 12434: 12429: 12428: 12419: 12411: 12405: 12401: 12394: 12386: 12380: 12376: 12369: 12361: 12359:9781440857478 12355: 12351: 12350: 12342: 12335: 12330: 12314: 12310: 12303: 12295: 12289: 12285: 12284: 12276: 12268: 12262: 12258: 12257: 12249: 12247: 12230: 12226: 12224:0-313-33089-1 12220: 12216: 12215: 12207: 12191: 12187: 12185:9781558761544 12181: 12177: 12176: 12168: 12152: 12148: 12146:9781558761544 12142: 12138: 12137: 12129: 12113: 12109: 12105: 12099: 12091: 12090: 12082: 12074: 12070: 12066: 12062: 12058: 12054: 12050: 12046: 12039: 12031: 12029:9780275978785 12025: 12021: 12020: 12012: 12004: 12000: 11996: 11992: 11988: 11984: 11983:Asian Affairs 11977: 11969: 11967:9780817982133 11963: 11959: 11958: 11950: 11942: 11938: 11932: 11916: 11912: 11908: 11902: 11895: 11890: 11871: 11864: 11857: 11850: 11845: 11837: 11831: 11827: 11826: 11818: 11811: 11807: 11803: 11799: 11796: 11791: 11783: 11779: 11775: 11771: 11767: 11763: 11759: 11755: 11748: 11740: 11734: 11730: 11729: 11721: 11714: 11709: 11701: 11695: 11691: 11690: 11682: 11674: 11668: 11664: 11663: 11655: 11648: 11643: 11636: 11631: 11624: 11619: 11612: 11607: 11605: 11597: 11592: 11590: 11582: 11577: 11561: 11557: 11556: 11548: 11532: 11528: 11521: 11514: 11509: 11502: 11497: 11491: 11488:, p. 509, at 11487: 11486: 11480: 11473: 11468: 11460: 11454: 11450: 11449: 11441: 11433: 11431:9781849043427 11427: 11423: 11422: 11414: 11398: 11394: 11393: 11388: 11387:"Afghanistan" 11384: 11378: 11362: 11358: 11354: 11348: 11332: 11328: 11324: 11317: 11315: 11298: 11294: 11290: 11286: 11280: 11272: 11268: 11262: 11258: 11257: 11249: 11242: 11230: 11226: 11222: 11216: 11208: 11206:9780190914400 11202: 11198: 11197: 11189: 11182: 11177: 11170: 11169:Barfield 2012 11165: 11158: 11157:Barfield 2012 11153: 11144: 11135: 11119: 11115: 11111: 11107: 11103: 11099: 11095: 11091: 11087: 11083: 11079: 11075: 11068: 11052: 11048: 11047: 11042: 11035: 11019: 11015: 11009: 11003:, p. 23. 11002: 10997: 10989: 10982: 10966: 10962: 10961:nuristan.info 10958: 10954: 10948: 10941: 10936: 10920: 10916: 10912: 10908: 10902: 10886: 10882: 10878: 10874: 10867: 10851: 10847: 10843: 10839: 10833: 10826: 10822: 10816: 10812: 10805: 10798: 10794: 10788: 10784: 10777: 10770: 10766: 10764:9780801464898 10760: 10756: 10749: 10742: 10738: 10732: 10728: 10727: 10719: 10712: 10708: 10702: 10698: 10697: 10689: 10681: 10675: 10671: 10670: 10662: 10655: 10650: 10644: 10640: 10633: 10631: 10622: 10615: 10608: 10604: 10598: 10594: 10587: 10579: 10573: 10569: 10568: 10560: 10544: 10540: 10539: 10534: 10528: 10512: 10508: 10506:0-391-04173-8 10502: 10498: 10497: 10489: 10473: 10469: 10465: 10459: 10443: 10439: 10435: 10429: 10423:, p. 44. 10422: 10417: 10398: 10394: 10387: 10381: 10365: 10361: 10357: 10351: 10349: 10341: 10337: 10330: 10328: 10320: 10316: 10309: 10307: 10290: 10286: 10280: 10273: 10269: 10265: 10262: 10256: 10248: 10247: 10239: 10230: 10214: 10210: 10204: 10200: 10199: 10191: 10175: 10171: 10170: 10165: 10159: 10143: 10139: 10138: 10131: 10129: 10121: 10116: 10108: 10104: 10100: 10096: 10092: 10087: 10079: 10063: 10059: 10057:0-631-19841-5 10053: 10049: 10048: 10040: 10032: 10028: 10024: 10017: 10009: 10003: 9999: 9998: 9997:Ancient India 9993: 9987: 9978: 9976: 9970: 9966: 9962: 9959: 9955: 9952: 9948: 9944: 9941: 9937: 9933: 9929: 9925: 9922: 9919: 9918: 9915: 9899: 9895: 9891: 9885: 9869: 9865: 9861: 9855: 9839: 9835: 9829: 9813: 9809: 9805: 9799: 9780: 9776: 9772: 9768: 9767: 9759: 9752: 9736: 9732: 9728: 9722: 9706: 9702: 9701: 9696: 9690: 9674: 9670: 9664: 9656: 9650: 9634: 9630: 9624: 9616: 9614:9781135189792 9610: 9606: 9605: 9597: 9581: 9577: 9573: 9566: 9550: 9546: 9545: 9540: 9533: 9514: 9506: 9500: 9481: 9474: 9468: 9452: 9448: 9444: 9438: 9422: 9418: 9414: 9408: 9389: 9385: 9379: 9372: 9371: 9364: 9348: 9344: 9340: 9334: 9318: 9314: 9313:"Afghanistan" 9308: 9306: 9304: 9302: 9300: 9298: 9281: 9277: 9273: 9267: 9258: 9251: 9247: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9229: 9213: 9209: 9205: 9198: 9182: 9178: 9177: 9172: 9165: 9150: 9143: 9136: 9118: 9114: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9091: 9087: 9083: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9071: 9060: 9056: 9055: 9050: 9042: 9033: 9021: 9017: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9003: 8991: 8987: 8986: 8981: 8977: 8974: 8962: 8958: 8957:Fair Observer 8954: 8949: 8946: 8933: 8929: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8917: 8915: 8911: 8907: 8903: 8899: 8895: 8891: 8887: 8883: 8882: 8873: 8857: 8853: 8851:9781107660151 8847: 8843: 8842: 8835: 8819: 8815: 8809: 8803: 8799: 8795: 8794:Reference.com 8791: 8787: 8781: 8774: 8770: 8767: 8766:Reference.com 8763: 8757: 8741: 8737: 8731: 8729: 8712: 8708: 8702: 8694: 8688: 8686: 8684: 8667: 8663: 8662: 8657: 8651: 8649: 8632: 8628: 8622: 8620: 8613: 8609: 8604: 8588: 8584: 8580: 8576: 8575: 8570: 8563: 8547: 8543: 8537: 8533: 8514: 8510: 8506: 8502: 8496: 8483: 8480: 8474: 8471: 8470: 8466: 8456: 8449: 8370: 8363: 8359: 8353: 8346: 8340: 8333: 8327: 8323: 8313: 8310: 8309: 8305: 8299: 8294: 8291: 8280: 8273: 8271: 8267: 8263: 8259: 8254: 8252: 8248: 8244: 8240: 8239:Ghazi Stadium 8236: 8232: 8227: 8225: 8221: 8217: 8213: 8209: 8205: 8201: 8197: 8193: 8189: 8184: 8182: 8178: 8177:football team 8174: 8170: 8166: 8162: 8157: 8155: 8151: 8147: 8143: 8139: 8135: 8134:weightlifting 8131: 8127: 8123: 8119: 8115: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8092: 8082: 8080: 8076: 8072: 8068: 8064: 8060: 8056: 8052: 8050: 8046: 8042: 8038: 8034: 8029: 8026: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8009: 8008:tournaments. 8007: 8003: 7999: 7995: 7991: 7982: 7973: 7971: 7967: 7963: 7962:national dish 7959: 7955: 7951: 7947: 7939: 7935: 7930: 7920: 7918: 7917: 7916:Kabul Express 7912: 7911: 7906: 7905: 7900: 7899: 7894: 7893:Celina Jaitly 7890: 7886: 7882: 7878: 7874: 7870: 7869:Saif Ali Khan 7866: 7862: 7858: 7854: 7850: 7846: 7841: 7839: 7835: 7831: 7827: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7811: 7805: 7795: 7793: 7789: 7787: 7783: 7779: 7775: 7771: 7767: 7763: 7759: 7758:Mermon Parwin 7755: 7750: 7748: 7744: 7740: 7736: 7732: 7728: 7725:, as well as 7724: 7720: 7716: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7700: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7673: 7671: 7667: 7663: 7659: 7655: 7654:Rabi'a Balkhi 7651: 7647: 7645: 7641: 7637: 7633: 7629: 7625: 7620: 7618: 7614: 7610: 7605: 7604:Pashto poetry 7601: 7595: 7585: 7583: 7579: 7575: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7559: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7542: 7540: 7536: 7532: 7528: 7527: 7522: 7518: 7514: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7499: 7495: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7467: 7465: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7445: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7405: 7396: 7391: 7381: 7379: 7378: 7373: 7369: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7357: 7352: 7351: 7346: 7342: 7341: 7336: 7335: 7330: 7329: 7324: 7323: 7319:, especially 7318: 7314: 7310: 7308: 7304: 7300: 7299: 7294: 7290: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7274: 7267: 7263: 7258: 7254: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7236: 7232: 7231:Afghan tribes 7227: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7197: 7194:by following 7193: 7189: 7184: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7157: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7142: 7140: 7136: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7120: 7115: 7113: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7081: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7057: 7055: 7051: 7047: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7029: 7028:in the east. 7027: 7023: 7019: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7003: 6999: 6995: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6974: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6944: 6939: 6929: 6927: 6923: 6921: 6917: 6912: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6897: 6895: 6891: 6887: 6883: 6879: 6876: 6868: 6864: 6860: 6855: 6845: 6843: 6839: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6819: 6814: 6811: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6767: 6763: 6759: 6758:lingua franca 6755: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6693: 6688: 6682: 6678: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6649: 6648: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6631: 6630: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6613: 6612: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6595: 6594: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6577: 6576: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6541: 6540: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6523: 6522: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6505: 6504: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6422: 6416:2019 estimate 6405: 6400: 6398: 6393: 6391: 6386: 6385: 6379: 6375: 6374:in the east. 6373: 6369: 6365: 6362:in the west, 6361: 6357: 6352: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6338: 6328: 6326: 6316: 6314: 6308: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6256: 6254: 6250: 6245: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6206: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6184: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6148: 6145: 6140: 6136: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6121:Salang Tunnel 6117: 6115: 6108: 6107:Salang Tunnel 6103: 6098: 6094: 6088: 6078: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6052: 6046: 6039:Communication 6036: 6034: 6030: 6024: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6009:Shrine of Ali 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5951: 5947: 5942: 5938: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5904: 5900: 5895: 5885: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5870: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5831: 5826: 5822: 5812: 5809:$ 6.5 billion 5806: 5801: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5740: 5736: 5732: 5727: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5639: 5635: 5630: 5620: 5618: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5599: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5587: 5583: 5576: 5571: 5562: 5560: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5544: 5540: 5535: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5512: 5510: 5506: 5500: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5459:Pashtany Bank 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5434: 5433:external debt 5430: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5410: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5386: 5383: 5380: 5376: 5373: 5372:Deputy Leader 5369: 5365: 5361: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5305: 5303: 5302:Fall of Kabul 5299: 5295: 5291: 5285: 5275: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5244:United States 5241: 5237: 5233: 5228: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5211: 5205: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5023: 5018: 5014: 5009: 5005: 5002: 4998: 4996: 4992: 4987: 4985: 4981: 4980: 4973: 4969: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4930: 4928: 4924: 4923:Chief justice 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4899: 4897: 4893: 4892:Mullah Yaqoob 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4860: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4819:, the former 4818: 4814: 4810: 4799: 4793: 4787: 4778: 4772: 4771:Mullah Yaqoob 4766: 4755: 4751: 4750:Deputy Leader 4745: 4739: 4730: 4724: 4718: 4708: 4702: 4692: 4690: 4689:head of state 4686: 4682: 4681: 4675: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4649: 4645: 4640: 4630: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4573: 4572: 4567: 4566: 4561: 4557: 4556: 4551: 4550: 4545: 4541: 4540: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4444:regions. The 4443: 4442:alpine tundra 4439: 4435: 4431: 4430:Snow leopards 4423: 4418: 4413: 4403: 4401: 4397: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4352: 4348: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4308: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4265:Helmand River 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4230: 4225: 4221: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4160: 4156: 4151: 4147: 4146:of Pakistan. 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4079: 4075: 4072: 4068: 4054: 4053: 4045: 4044: 4036: 4035: 4027: 4026: 4018: 4017: 4009: 4008: 4000: 3999: 3998: 3989: 3988: 3987: 3978: 3977: 3976: 3967: 3966: 3953: 3952: 3934: 3933: 3925: 3924: 3911: 3910: 3892: 3891: 3883: 3882: 3872: 3861: 3860: 3850: 3839: 3838: 3828: 3817: 3816: 3806: 3795: 3794: 3784: 3783: 3773: 3762: 3761: 3751: 3740: 3739: 3729: 3710: 3700: 3698: 3694: 3689: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3677:food shortage 3674: 3670: 3665: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3652: 3648: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3626: 3619: 3615: 3610: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3580:Ahmad Massoud 3578:, along with 3577: 3573: 3569: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3532: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3515: 3510: 3506: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3473: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3426: 3421: 3417: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3362: 3358: 3357: 3353: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3246: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3219: 3217: 3211: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3166: 3160: 3156: 3155:Babrak Karmal 3152: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3110:(and smaller 3109: 3108: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3013: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2960:national bank 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2940:Mazrak Zadran 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2832:in June 1926. 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2788: 2782: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2693:Sher Ali Khan 2690: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2591: 2590:James Rattray 2587: 2583: 2579: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2443:in the east. 2442: 2438: 2431:seen as well. 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2359:Durrani Realm 2356: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2266: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2221:Durrani Realm 2218: 2214: 2209: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2126:Mughal empire 2123: 2119: 2113: 2109: 2099: 2097: 2093: 2092:invaded India 2089: 2088:Hussain Hotak 2085: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2033:Mirwais Hotak 2026: 2022: 2021:Hussain Hotak 2017: 2012: 2011:Hotak dynasty 2005:Hotak dynasty 2002: 2000: 1996: 1993:, and Indian 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1965:arrived from 1964: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1873:and the poet 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1828:Mihr (Mithra) 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1774: 1767: 1766:Ghor Province 1763: 1758: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1700:Kushan Empire 1697: 1696:Indo-Parthian 1693: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1637:Maurya Empire 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1578:mentions the 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1544:Indo-Iranians 1541: 1540:Indo-European 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1461: 1450: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1428: 1426: 1423:Afghans, the 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1396: 1394: 1393: 1388: 1387: 1382: 1381: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1334: 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President 4817:Hamid Karzai 4806: 4723:Hasan Akhund 4678: 4676: 4663: 4653: 4583:spruce trees 4576: 4569: 4563: 4553: 4547: 4537: 4524: 4520:Afghan hound 4490: 4427: 4422:snow leopard 4406:Biodiversity 4375:Sistan Basin 4356: 4309: 4296:forest cover 4293: 4289:Turkmenistan 4234: 4194:Sistan Basin 4163: 4116:Lebap Region 4081: 4077: 4071:Allama Iqbal 4064: 4050: 4041: 4032: 4023: 4014: 4005: 3995: 3994: 3984: 3983: 3973: 3972: 3963: 3949: 3930: 3921: 3907: 3888: 3877: 3866: 3855: 3844: 3833: 3822: 3811: 3800: 3789: 3778: 3767: 3759:Turkmenistan 3756: 3745: 3734: 3723: 3690: 3666: 3632:Hasan Akhund 3622: 3588: 3557:launched an 3544: 3518: 3502: 3489:Ashraf Ghani 3474: 3437:Hamid Karzai 3430: 3398: 3354: 3324: 3311: 3274: 3265: 3261: 3251: 3212: 3167: 3140: 3128:Soviet Union 3105: 3075: 3018:World War II 3014: 3006:Soviet Union 3002:Pashtunistan 2983: 2968:Nazi Germany 2948:Mirzali Khan 2917: 2913:Abdul Khaliq 2890: 2886:Queen Soraya 2878:constitution 2874:Mahmud Tarzi 2858:Soviet Union 2835: 2793: 2779: 2678: 2633:annihilation 2594: 2564:Ranjit Singh 2500:Ranjit Singh 2489: 2434: 2316: 2262: 2250:Portrait of 2210: 2115: 2073: 2030: 2025:Ashraf Hotak 1979:Lodi dynasty 1960: 1908:Genghis Khan 1905: 1852: 1771: 1720:Hephthalites 1689: 1681:lapis lazuli 1619: 1580:Kabul Valley 1537: 1485: 1430: 1404: 1400: 1398: 1390: 1384: 1378: 1374: 1366: 1364: 1349: 1341: 1331: 1322: 1315: 1261: 1210: 1172:between the 1166:buffer state 1126:Soviet Union 1114:Arab Muslims 1102:the Persians 1084: 1060:in the north 1028:Turkmenistan 1004:Central Asia 999: 995: 994: 983:Internet TLD 960: 866:• Total 832:• Total 754:• Total 667:17 July 1973 633:Independence 474:Hasan Akhund 432:provisional 430:totalitarian 165: 155: 132:Motto: 131: 32: 27758:Theocracies 27673:Afghanistan 27428:Patriot Act 27179:Hafiz Saeed 27137:Individuals 27116:Philippines 27071:Afghanistan 27054:Operational 26837:South Korea 26751:Afghanistan 26735:(Cancelled) 26420:Afghanistan 26380:Tehran 2009 26360:Tehran 2000 26355:Almaty 1998 26335:Tehran 1992 26279:Secretariat 25967:Archaeology 25882:Environment 25772:Afro-Asians 25594:Afghanistan 25493:Archaeology 25455:Geostrategy 25348:Belarusians 25318:Karakalpaks 25147:Asia portal 25011:territories 24969:recognition 24877:Philippines 24817:South Korea 24812:North Korea 24707:Afghanistan 24221:Earthquakes 24005:Turk Shahis 23960:Afghanistan 23898:Afghanistan 23882:Afghanistan 23791:Afghanistan 23748:. Collins. 23600:Afghanistan 23080:pajhwok.com 22751:Dupree 1997 22233:: 149–155. 22078:Dupree 1997 22000:Dupree 1997 21940:Dupree 1997 21533:21 December 21507:17 February 21481:17 February 21371:"Education" 21254:Der Spiegel 20997:. BBC News. 20856:2 September 20697:www.cia.gov 20561:29 December 20517:27 November 20232:pajhwok.com 20148:22 November 19842:Dupree 1997 19706:pajhwok.com 19437:1 September 19433:(in German) 19405:14 November 19265:16 December 19239:29 December 18967:areu.org.af 17578:31 December 17551:Dupree 1997 17350:9 September 17302:5 September 17272:4 September 17242:3 September 17212:2 September 16910:25 November 16884:9 September 16815:(1): 5978. 16575:19 February 16407:14 November 16165:Afghanistan 15696:"U.S. maps" 15449:12 November 15423:12 November 15391:12 November 15365:12 November 15275:7 September 15243:9 September 15187:9 September 15135:6 September 14974:25 December 14944:1 September 14889:6 September 14513:Daily Times 14355:28 December 14093:14 November 14067:14 November 13863:14 November 13809:28 February 13552:16 December 13392:24 November 13215:28 February 13141:16 December 13109:16 December 13072:16 December 12824:29 December 11537:11 November 11367:9 September 11337:9 September 11181:Dupree 1997 11124:26 November 10549:17 November 10517:11 December 10421:Runion 2007 10370:19 February 10219:11 December 10047:The Afghans 9864:mail.gov.af 9788:29 November 9711:14 December 9639:22 November 9555:25 February 9489:1 September 9457:4 September 9427:23 December 9397:16 December 9123:19 February 9081:Radio Farda 9026:28 November 8996:28 November 8967:28 November 8945:peacefully. 8938:28 November 8824:16 February 8304:Asia portal 8037:Eid al-Fitr 7994:Zoroastrian 7904:Khuda Gawah 7889:Zarine Khan 7865:Salman Khan 7826:Radio Kabul 7822:Shamshad TV 7762:Ahmad Zahir 7754:Radio Kabul 7690:The Afghan 7662:Rahman Baba 7554:Greco-Roman 7539:Mesopotamia 7535:cobalt blue 7511:Afghan rugs 7416:Blue Mosque 7328:khet partug 7251:bride price 7224:Persianized 7200:hospitality 7196:Pashtunwali 6863:Blue Mosque 6618:Puli Khumri 6240:, Iran and 6147:Airbus A310 6075:Afghansat 1 5948:, a UNESCO 5793:biocapacity 5742:carbonatite 5565:Agriculture 5509:Afghan rugs 5485:expatriates 5477:Afghan rugs 5419:(PPP). Its 5225:Durand Line 4752:and Acting 4658:during the 4615:Band-e Amir 4438:brown bears 4369:), and the 4269:Kabul River 4261:Indus River 4112:Mary Region 4108:Ahal Region 4092:Durand Line 3336:formed the 3151:Soviet Army 2964:Axis powers 2816:Khyber Pass 2794:During the 2760:-dominated 2754:Durand Line 2718:An uprising 2637:Elphinstone 2615:as the new 2548:Jamrud Fort 2504:Sikh Empire 2483:, ruled by 2457:Mahmud Shah 2455:in 1818 by 2441:Sikh Empire 2399:Durand Line 2258: 1757 2243:expansion. 2211:Ahmad Shah 2182:reappointed 2045:Gurgin Khan 1922:as well as 1816:Ahura Mazda 1728:Hindu Shahi 1649:Hellenistic 1611:Tillya Tepe 1572:inscription 1548:Caspian Sea 1493:Paleolithic 1437:Afghanistan 1435:as king of 1096:, the land 996:Afghanistan 899: 0.462 653:9 June 1926 624:26 May 1879 609:27 May 1863 504:Legislature 264: / 27667:Categories 27579:photograph 27225:Boko Haram 27220:Al-Shabaab 27215:Abu Sayyaf 27032:Withdrawal 27022:Withdrawal 26955:SAARC Road 26756:Bangladesh 26702:Dhaka 2005 26672:Dhaka 1993 26642:Dhaka 1985 26623:Agreements 26546:Uzbekistan 26504:Tajikistan 26476:Kyrgyzstan 26462:Kazakhstan 26434:Azerbaijan 26069:Bangladesh 25979:Bronze Age 25862:Philosophy 25847:Literature 25744:Indo-Aryan 25724:Andamanese 25599:Bangladesh 25503:Bronze Age 25288:Ukrainians 25273:Mongolians 25226:Uzbekistan 25216:Tajikistan 25211:Kyrgyzstan 25206:Kazakhstan 24937:Uzbekistan 24912:Tajikistan 24827:Kyrgyzstan 24807:Kazakhstan 24757:East Timor 24727:Bangladesh 24717:Azerbaijan 24379:Loya jirga 24298:Nuristanis 24110:since 1992 24105:Soviet war 23642:. Rodopi. 23628:0060505087 23522:See also: 22915:28 October 22659:17 October 22592:4 February 22470:3 December 22444:3 December 21925:23 January 21717:20 October 21621:12 January 21232:7 February 21147:25 October 20118:4 November 19980:20 January 19924:. Sky News 19860:BBC Travel 19559:World Bank 19300:13 October 19213:13 October 19153:13 October 19124:4 December 19085:13 October 19043:7 November 19021:7 November 18530:4 February 18477:4 February 17998:AP Archive 17743:12 October 17712:12 October 17641:15 October 17610:17 October 17568:mea.gov.in 17503:4 February 16937:14 October 16606:: 180214. 16510:13 October 16480:14 October 16057:4 February 16031:13 October 15679:26 January 15649:26 January 15619:26 January 15593:26 January 15325:Al Jazeera 15094:15 October 14964:ucdp.uu.se 14571:Al Jazeera 14474:(PDF), by 14388:11 January 14325:21 October 14288:21 October 14262:21 October 13840:UNSCR 1386 13828:Resolution 13422:12 October 13231:Ghost Wars 12750:11 October 12435:. p. 12433:I.B.Tauris 12334:Ewans 2002 11810:0714632465 11566:4 December 11221:"Khurasan" 11001:Ewans 2002 10940:Ewans 2002 10913:. London: 10844:. London: 10406:10 October 9904:18 October 9874:18 October 9844:18 October 9818:18 October 9741:8 February 9679:1 November 9586:14 October 9096:6 February 8523:References 8095:See also: 7881:Kader Khan 7877:Feroz Khan 7873:Aamir Khan 7857:Kabuliwala 7778:Ahmad Wali 7723:zerbaghali 7592:See also: 7588:Literature 7576:and early 7486:embroidery 7476:Afghan art 7458:, and the 7440:idolatrous 7432:Ai-Khanoum 7428:Lashkargah 7377:Mazari hat 7264:people in 7146:disability 7052:, and the 6818:Hindustani 6685:See also: 6480:4,273,200 6290:Population 6218:Toraghundi 6091:See also: 5985:Hari River 5880:, and the 5874:Kajaki Dam 5847:hydropower 5839:World Bank 5791:Access to 5750:short tons 5465:, and the 5455:Azizi Bank 5352:persists. 5349:bacha bazi 5340:Sharia law 5312:See also: 5208:See also: 5026:Badakhshan 4853:Uzbekistan 4849:Tajikistan 4705:See also: 4680:loya jirga 4603:shrublands 4579:pine trees 4466:wild sheep 4328:avalanches 4324:landslides 4273:Hindu Kush 4255:, and the 4237:reservoirs 4229:topography 4166:Hindu Kush 4088:landlocked 4034:Hindu Kush 3814:Tajikistan 3792:Kyrgyzstan 3781:Uzbekistan 3669:World Bank 3566:president 3503:Body Count 3266:mujahideen 3262:mujahideen 3258:government 3226:See also: 3107:mujahideen 2978:King Zahir 2852:and fully 2766:Kafiristan 2764:and pagan 2706:Yaqub Khan 2656:, and the 2625:Shah Shuja 2595:In 1839 a 2544:Akbar Khan 2526:to defeat 2445:Fateh Khan 2076:Nader Shah 2065:Nader Shah 2049:Abdul Aziz 2035:, a local 1989:, Iranian 1863:Kafiristan 1848:Ghaznavids 1832:Greek gods 1792:Syncretism 1724:Turk Shahi 1685:Badakhshan 1641:Hindu Kush 1542:-speaking 1529:Oxus River 1497:Mesolithic 1464:See also: 1346:cavalrymen 1338:Hindu Kush 1229:Mujahideen 1198:Zahir Shah 1170:Great Game 1068:Hindu Kush 1044:Tajikistan 1036:Uzbekistan 1008:South Asia 778:Population 772:negligible 434:theocratic 424:Government 412:Demonym(s) 27295:Operation 27287:Conflicts 26827:Mauritius 26802:Australia 26795:Observers 26786:Sri Lanka 26722:Addu 2011 26682:Malé 1997 26662:Malé 1990 26555:Observers 26390:Baku 2012 26375:Baku 2006 26136:Education 25857:Mythology 25842:Languages 25754:Nuristani 25739:Dravidian 25665:Sri Lanka 25631:Northeast 25619:Northwest 25406:Languages 25328:Armenians 25101:Hong Kong 25020:Australia 25009:Dependent 24988:Palestine 24902:Sri Lanka 24897:Singapore 24777:Indonesia 24545:Education 24514:Transport 24335:Languages 24308:Qizilbash 24236:Volcanoes 24194:Geography 23559:. BRILL. 23410:The Hindu 23217:The Hindu 22617:Songlines 22495:22 August 22239:0392-4866 21920:904447770 21898:"Pashtun" 21412:13 August 21343:0362-4331 21048:22 August 20323:3 January 20242:6 January 20211:3 January 19489:(3): 58. 19483:Resources 18883:Arab News 18753:16 August 18503:15 August 18275:28 August 18244:28 August 18213:28 August 17933:0362-4331 17894:0971-751X 17885:The Hindu 17467:0362-4331 17149:18 August 17119:19 August 17088:18 August 17078:Brecorder 17057:18 August 17027:10 August 17001:10 August 16839:2041-1723 15969:. BRILL. 15503:Arab News 15479:16 August 15335:8 October 15305:8 October 15217:8 October 15161:8 October 15123:0362-4331 15064:1 October 15034:1 October 15004:1 October 14854:17 August 14824:17 August 14794:21 August 14764:21 August 14734:15 August 14702:15 August 14380:. Kabul. 13772:2 January 13730:2 January 12978:25 August 12683:7 January 12615:7 January 12108:Arab News 12073:160565967 12003:159788830 11911:ReliefWeb 11403:25 August 11303:22 August 11114:154120015 11098:1356-1863 11046:USA Today 10891:19 August 10699:. Orion. 10595:. Chêne. 10107:1873-9830 9994:(1977) . 9969:Alexander 8910:253945821 8902:2347-7970 8593:19 August 8583:0040-781X 8528:Citations 8358:autocracy 8224:Jalalabad 8130:taekwondo 7898:Dharmatma 7845:Bollywood 7719:harmonium 7424:Chil Zena 7204:sanctuary 7188:patriarch 7080:hospitals 7054:Day Kundi 7046:Sar-I-Pul 6932:Education 6838:Bollywood 6802:Nuristani 6762:Farsiwans 6564:Jalalabad 6372:Jalalabad 6345:Sri Lanka 6163:Air India 6114:Highway 1 6071:satellite 6063:MTN Group 5878:Dahla Dam 5859:CASA-1000 5843:megawatts 5746:long tons 5739:Khanashin 5716:crude oil 5559:US dollar 5272:Joe Biden 5176:Sar-e Pol 5131:Nangarhar 4984:districts 4934:protested 4587:fir trees 4542:(or the " 4516:pheasants 4496:wild pigs 4474:hedgehogs 4387:Amu River 4383:Turkestan 4379:Jalalabad 4245:Amu Darya 4241:endorheic 4190:Turkestan 4170:Himalayas 4106:of Iran; 4025:Spin Ghar 4016:Karakoram 3975:Amu Darya 3951:Jalalabad 3703:Geography 3359:is being 3316:is being 3188:landmines 3172:is being 3120:supported 3116:proxy war 3102:civil war 2901:Saqqawist 2850:sovereign 2770:conquered 2762:Hazarajat 2734:Ayub Khan 2550:from the 2219:into the 2074:In 1738, 2031:In 1709, 1944:Shah Rukh 1928:Ilkhanate 1893:in 1215. 1871:Al-Biruni 1859:Islamized 1820:Lady Nana 1734:culture. 1716:Kidarites 1708:Sassanids 1673:Samarkand 1665:Silk Road 1586:, around 1584:Arachosia 1560:Arachosia 1533:Shortugai 1509:Iron Ages 1501:Neolithic 1306:Etymology 1227:in 1979. 1048:northeast 1032:northwest 936:Time zone 856:(nominal) 594:1842–1926 579:1839–1842 565:1823–1839 552:1747–1823 513:Formation 380:Religion 225:under an 27693:Emirates 27636:Category 27556:Islamism 27496:Cold War 27421:Policies 27373:Iraq War 27205:al-Qaeda 27198:Factions 27121:Ethiopia 27096:Pakistan 27028:Iraq War 26781:Pakistan 26771:Maldives 26490:Pakistan 26263:Politics 26158:Military 26079:Pakistan 26042:Hinduism 26037:Buddhism 26024:Religion 25994:Medieval 25984:Iron Age 25909:Politics 25872:Surnames 25794:Diaspora 25690:Southern 25680:Northern 25653:Pakistan 25643:Maldives 25508:Iron Age 25447:Politics 25421:Buddhism 25416:Religion 25333:Pashtuns 25293:Turkmens 25278:Russians 25135:Category 24978:Abkhazia 24917:Thailand 24872:Pakistan 24852:Mongolia 24847:Maldives 24842:Malaysia 24742:Cambodia 24627:Category 24585:War rugs 24580:Religion 24565:Olympics 24494:Taxation 24357:Politics 24318:Turkmens 24303:Pashtuns 24278:Farsiwan 24241:Wildlife 24158:Timeline 24151:By topic 23964:articles 23920:Archived 23766:(2005). 23681:(2003). 23598:(1997). 23459:(2007). 23441:13 April 23435:Archived 23384:Archived 23358:Archived 23302:Archived 23272:Archived 23242:Archived 23018:(2013). 22855:. India. 22795:Archived 22730:Archived 22726:TOLOnews 22560:Archived 22464:Fox News 22247:41922907 22054:Archived 22034:15 March 21973:Archived 21828:Archived 21801:Archived 21703:"Health" 21678:Archived 21674:VOA News 21644:Archived 21560:Archived 21434:6 August 21430:. 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11798:Archived 11778:40105749 11713:Lee 2019 11647:Lee 2019 11635:Lee 2019 11623:Lee 2019 11611:Lee 2019 11596:Lee 2019 11581:Lee 2019 11513:Lee 2019 11501:Lee 2019 11385:(1857). 11287:(1560). 11271:Archived 11229:Archived 11118:Archived 11106:25183465 11051:Archived 10965:Archived 10511:Archived 10472:Archived 10442:Archived 10364:Archived 10213:Archived 10120:Lee 2019 10097:(eds.). 10062:Archived 10023:"Afghan" 9965:cavalier 9951:Sanskrit 9928:Sanskrit 9898:Archived 9838:Archived 9812:Archived 9779:Archived 9777:: 1–14. 9735:Archived 9733:. 1995. 9705:Archived 9673:Archived 9649:cite web 9549:Archived 9513:Archived 9421:Archived 9388:Archived 9353:22 March 9347:Archived 9317:Archived 9286:27 April 9280:Archived 9212:Archived 9181:Archived 9117:Archived 9090:Archived 9065:18 March 9059:Archived 9054:The Hill 8990:Archived 8961:Archived 8932:Archived 8862:27 March 8856:Archived 8818:Archived 8816:. 2004. 8798:Archived 8769:Archived 8740:Archived 8711:Archived 8666:Archived 8587:Archived 8509:disputed 8276:See also 8258:buzkashi 8235:football 8122:handball 8107:Buzkashi 8045:Vaisakhi 8006:buzkashi 7766:Nashenas 7598:Classic 7556:art and 7507:war rugs 7498:handmade 7446:and the 7408:Buddhist 7303:kerosene 7273:mudbrick 7112:midwives 6957:and the 6848:Religion 6834:Pakistan 6808:1%, and 6766:Pashtuns 6736:are the 6708:Pashtuns 6663:153,300 6645:183,000 6627:237,900 6609:253,700 6591:263,200 6573:356,500 6555:469,200 6537:556,200 6519:614,300 6510:Kandahar 6463:Kandahar 6435:Province 6356:Kandahar 6337:Cambodia 6301:Pakistan 6297:urbanite 6171:Gulf Air 6167:Emirates 6131:and the 6059:Etisalat 6021:Bactrian 5993:Muhammad 5969:Kandahar 5927:Kandahar 5735:minerals 5676:, lead, 5660:, gold, 5658:chromite 5604:Kandahar 5586:cannabis 5300:and the 5278:Military 5221:Pakistan 5171:Samangan 5161:Panjshir 5141:Nuristan 5096:Kandahar 5051:Daykundi 4907:Kandahar 4623:Nuristan 4504:mongoose 4492:Gazelles 4367:Nuristan 4249:Hari Rud 4198:Nuristan 4176:via the 3909:Kandahar 3880:Pakistan 3425:Chinooks 3413:al-Qaeda 3352:template 3309:template 3283:Kandahar 3254:creation 3216:warlords 3196:Kandahar 3180:Pakistan 3165:template 3022:Cold War 2860:and the 2784:— 2681:campaign 2574:during " 2524:Kandahar 2512:Peshawar 2461:Barakzai 2437:Persians 2427:and the 2330:Kandahar 2282:Kandahar 2274:Kandahar 2206:Nishapur 2178:Shahrokh 2162:Nishapur 2154:Khorasan 2142:Peshawar 2122:Pashtuns 2078:and his 2041:Safavids 1999:Khorasan 1991:Safavids 1967:Ferghana 1952:Florence 1910:and his 1875:Ferdowsi 1844:Samanids 1840:Saffarid 1812:Hinduism 1800:Buddhism 1732:Buddhist 1704:Buddhism 1687:region. 1607:Dionysus 1603:Scythian 1588:Kandahar 1517:Kandahar 1513:Mundigak 1403:, sing. 1401:afāghina 1371:Pashtuns 1356:Sanskrit 1348:" (from 1328:Sanskrit 1280:cashmere 1266:, iron, 1176:and the 1136:and the 1012:Pakistan 915:Currency 661:Republic 436:Islamic 428:Unitary 395:official 157:Shahadah 152:Muhammad 27646:Commons 27469:Related 27260:Taliban 27130:Targets 26832:Myanmar 26744:Members 26635:Summits 26617:(SAARC) 26328:Summits 26303:Symbols 26203:History 26149:History 26099:Cricket 26052:Sikhism 26047:Jainism 26032:Dharmic 25959:History 25905:Economy 25890:Monsoon 25867:Scripts 25837:Fashion 25827:Cuisine 25804:Culture 25787:Semitic 25777:Chinese 25685:Eastern 25636:Islands 25485:History 25443:Economy 25401:Gardens 25391:Cuisine 25368:Culture 25338:Hazaras 25308:Dungans 25303:Uyghurs 25283:Koreans 25268:Kyrgyzs 25263:Kazakhs 24942:Vietnam 24857:Myanmar 24837:Lebanon 24767:Georgia 24722:Bahrain 24712:Armenia 24604:Outline 24540:Cuisine 24528:Culture 24504:Tourism 24457:Economy 24404:Cabinet 24369:Taliban 24288:Hazaras 24211:Borders 23972:History 22801:28 July 22736:28 July 22703:14 June 22566:21 June 22515:UN News 22332:13 June 22209:Bergamo 22186:14 June 22142:13 June 21871:14 June 21834:15 July 21807:28 June 21558:(WHO). 21459:5 April 21292:6 March 20928:alaraby 20882:13 June 20677:2 March 20644:6795489 20621:Bibcode 20472:13 June 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CNN. 17477:7 April 17370:AP News 17139:New Age 17047:Reuters 16848:7723057 16817:Bibcode 16755:14 June 16629:6207062 16608:Bibcode 16375:Reuters 16329:12 June 16296:20 July 16210:28 June 16001:17 June 15842:13 July 15810:2 March 15800:U-M LSA 15786:2 March 15766:2 March 15746:2 March 15726:2 March 15567:15 July 15540:5 March 14784:Reuters 14672:26 July 14640:26 July 14632:. CNN. 14613:26 July 14315:Reuters 14236:13 June 14205:13 June 14040:16 June 14010:16 June 13984:16 June 13954:16 June 13923:16 June 13893:16 June 13834:. 13679:17 July 13412:Newsday 12855:13 June 12576:1 March 12196:15 June 12157:15 June 11921:14 June 11812:. p7-19 11235:20 June 10478:17 June 10448:17 June 10180:13 July 9954:Ashvaka 8786:WordNet 8505:Kashmir 8345:Afghans 8150:snooker 8146:bowling 8142:skating 8118:Cricket 8033:Ramadan 7960:is the 7923:Cuisine 7861:Pathani 7774:Mahwash 7727:dayereh 7600:Persian 7578:Safavid 7574:Timurid 7521:Istalif 7517:Pottery 7494:weaving 7492:Carpet 7488:pattern 7444:Paghman 7356:karakul 7345:Taliban 7293:nomadic 7239:Islamic 7212:Persian 7183:Afghans 7160:Culture 7042:Jowzjan 6899:Afghan 6888:and 3% 6810:Balochi 6798:Pashayi 6790:Turkmen 6746:Persian 6716:Hazaras 6700:Afghans 6687:Afghans 6600:Taloqan 6265:Afghans 6220:to the 6212:to the 6159:Kam Air 6149:in 2006 6073:called 5983:in the 5888:Tourism 5855:biomass 5805:Taliban 5782:bauxite 5778:Bolivia 5770:Hajigak 5731:lithium 5698:of the 5650:uranium 5646:lithium 5608:Helmand 5592:Saffron 5575:saffron 5573:Afghan 5555:Afghani 5505:telecom 5443:Afghani 5389:Economy 5256:Germany 5156:Paktika 5146:Oruzgan 5121:Laghman 5086:Jowzjan 5076:Helmand 5036:Baghlan 5031:Badghis 4979:wilayat 4953:Taliban 4896:cabinet 4864:Jumu'ah 4811:party, 4727:Acting 4685:Pashtun 4664:de jure 4648:The Arg 4591:larches 4544:Paghman 4526:Endemic 4508:Marmots 4482:jackals 4478:gophers 4396:monsoon 4342:Climate 4208:), and 4202:Paktika 4096:Kashmir 3997:Helmand 3685:Taliban 3555:Taliban 3485:Afghans 3322: 3291:emirate 3287:Rabbani 3271:Taliban 3136:Parcham 2998:Pashtun 2966:, with 2944:Salemai 2882:Slavery 2746:Pashtun 2670:Bukhara 2597:British 2570:in the 2413:Emirate 2241:Maratha 2190:Bakharz 2186:Torshiz 2174:Mashhad 2158:Mashhad 2150:Kashmir 2057:Isfahan 2037:Ghilzai 1995:Mughals 1954:of the 1836:Zunbils 1824:Anahita 1776:Muslims 1762:Ghurids 1669:Bukhara 1615:Bactria 1609:, from 1568:Bactria 1443:History 1413:Ṣafavid 1360:Avestan 1342:Aśvakan 1333:Aśvakan 1292:poverty 1276:saffron 1264:lithium 1241:Taliban 1168:in the 1142:Iranian 1138:Mughals 1122:British 1118:Mongols 1054:to the 1046:to the 1038:to the 1030:to the 1022:to the 1014:to the 919:Afghani 906: ( 846:$ 2,459 730:• 715:• 702:• 689:• 674:• 659:• 648:Kingdom 646:• 631:• 616:• 601:• 586:• 571:• 560:Emirate 558:• 543:• 524:• 486:• 466:• 449:• 438:emirate 367: 358: 353:Turkmen 349: 340: 331: 322: 311:Pashtun 252:69°11′E 249:34°31′N 233:Capital 166:Anthem: 27436:(2002) 27430:(2001) 26863:Russia 26851:Guests 26761:Bhutan 26567: 26543: 26536: 26529: 26522: 26518:Turkey 26515: 26508: 26501: 26494: 26487: 26480: 26473: 26466: 26459: 26452: 26445: 26438: 26431: 26424: 26417: 26410: 26404:Member 26310:Emblem 26208:Swords 26091:Sports 25932:Muslim 25822:Cinema 25764:Turkic 25749:Iranic 25658:Punjab 25604:Bhutan 25523:Sports 25396:Dastan 25386:Cinema 25358:Azeris 25343:Baloch 25313:Tatars 25258:Tajiks 25253:Uzbeks 25041:Greece 24998:Taiwan 24922:Turkey 24887:Russia 24822:Kuwait 24802:Jordan 24792:Israel 24752:Cyprus 24737:Brunei 24732:Bhutan 24632:Portal 24575:Poetry 24560:Cinema 24484:Mining 24479:Energy 24330:Health 24323:Uzbeks 24313:Tajiks 24283:Gurjar 24273:Baloch 23962: 23862: 23841: 23820: 23799: 23776: 23752: 23731: 23710: 23689: 23667: 23646: 23625: 23606: 23584: 23563: 23542: 23499: 23469: 23390:28 May 23364:28 May 23338:28 May 23308:28 May 23278:28 May 23248:4 July 23222:4 July 23196:1 July 23170:1 July 23148:1 July 23122:1 July 23057: 23028: 22977: 22773: 22538: 22426:. CNN. 22268: 22245: 22237: 22100: 21918: 21894:: 21777:19 May 21744:19 May 21684:28 May 21653:28 May 21569:17 May 21385:26 May 21341: 21178:19 May 21106:19 May 21075:19 May 20954: 20792:4 July 20788:. 2019 20651: 20641: 20401: 20353:1 June 20297:7 July 20174:28 May 20065: 20007:7 July 19950:1 July 19928:1 July 19906:1 July 19884:1 July 19667:15 May 19517:1 July 18999:8 June 18973:29 May 18943:29 May 18863:1 July 18805:23 May 18594:23 May 18551:Forbes 18420:28 May 18394:28 May 18338:23 May 18307:20 May 18187:20 May 18160:20 May 18127:22 May 18096:20 May 17931: 17892: 17863:3 June 17733:Forbes 17667:4 July 17536:4 July 17465: 17438:4 July 17399:1 July 17376:1 July 17324:1 July 17232:News18 16963:2 June 16855: 16845: 16837: 16785: 16723: 16691: 16636: 16626: 16545:3 July 16266: 16172: 16145: 16101: 15973: 15934: 15832:UNdata 15706:19 May 15546:, 2012 15355:News24 15121: 14844:News18 14581:19 May 14551:19 May 14177: 13830: 13575: 13483: 13452:7 July 13359: 13270: 13229:Coll, 13004: 12885:19 May 12765:UNICEF 12718: 12644: 12601: 12561: 12517: 12482:4 July 12452:31 May 12443: 12406: 12381: 12356: 12319:6 July 12290: 12263: 12235:31 May 12221: 12182: 12143: 12118:3 July 12071: 12065:261243 12063: 12026: 12001: 11964: 11832: 11808: 11776: 11735: 11696: 11669: 11455: 11428: 11263: 11203: 11112: 11104: 11096: 11057:19 May 10971:2 June 10817: 10789: 10761: 10733: 10703: 10676: 10645: 10599: 10574: 10503: 10468:UNESCO 10295:19 May 10270: 10205: 10148:19 May 10105: 10068:6 July 10054: 10004: 9947:Greeks 9936:Asvaka 9611: 9522:1 July 9380: 9176:JURIST 8908: 8900: 8848: 8581: 8473:Pashto 8210:. 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