643:
207:
280:
865:
853:
389:
38:
841:
412:, a former confederate of Prussia, was the recipient of the provinces. Russia, the more powerful of its erstwhile allies, gained territory with a population of 200,000 inhabitants. The following is a tabulation of the territorial and population losses that Prussia sustained, but not accounting for the Prussian acquisitions since 1772, under the terms of the Tilsit Treaties:
349:
additionally amounting to between 146 and 309 million francs, according to different calculations. The
Prussian government indebtedness soared between 1806 and 1815 by thaler 200 million to altogether 180.09 million interest-bearing debts, 11.24 million non-interest-bearing unconsolidated
396:
The
Prussian state was diminished by more than half under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit, from 5,700 square miles to 2,800 square miles. Compared to the 9.75 million inhabitants Prussia had prior to the Treaties of Tilsit, no more than 4.5 million inhabitants remained within the new boundaries
366:
of 27 to 29 percent, in 1818 even with a discountor of 35 percent, causing the effective interest to rise to 6.15 percent. At restructuring part of the debts in 1818 by a £5 million loan (= thaler 30 million) at 5% at the London financial market, the
Prussian government had to accept a
370:
When the Treaty was being formulated, it was noted by an observer that the
Prussian king was pacing on the bank of the Neman river; Napoleon had to "but raise his hand, and Prussia would cease to exist" (McKay). Hence, many observers in Prussia and Russia viewed the treaty as unequal and as a
348:
had advised
Napoleon to pursue milder terms; the treaties marked an important stage in his estrangement from the emperor. Until 1812, the French occupants requisitioned in money and kind from various corporations and persons, especially by billetting soldiers on cities, further contributions
375:
demonstrated to all Europe. Napoleon's plans to marry the tsar's sister were stymied by
Russian royalty. Cooperation between Russia and France eventually broke down in 1810 when the tsar began to allow neutral ships to land in Russian ports. In 1812, Napoleon crossed the Neman river and
218:
The treaty ended the war between
Imperial Russia and the French Empire and began an alliance between the two empires that rendered the rest of continental Europe almost powerless. The two countries secretly agreed to aid each other in disputes. France pledged to aid Russia against the
357:
debts assumed by the royal government. The cities' debts, especially those of Berlin often billetted on, were not assumed by the
Prussian government. Since the creditors deemed Prussia to be over-indebted in 1817, the 4-per cent state bonds were traded at the
404:, which formerly amounted to forty million dollars per year, was decreased in a even greater proportion. The ceded provinces were rich and fertile, and many millions had been spent on their improvement. Almost all that Prussia had gained by the
342:
41.73 mio.), deducting 53,500,000, which had been raised so far during the ongoing French occupation. The sum was lowered in two steps to 120 million francs by 1 November 1808.
987:
687:), in the face of Russian aggression, and established the loss of parts of Persia in the Caucasus, such as the present-day republics Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia.
683:
By signing these treaties, France left Persia and the
Ottomans, who had previously hoped for France's help under treaties with France (including
338:. Prussia was to reduce the army to 43,000 and on 9 March 1808, France fixed its tribute to be levied from Prussia at 154,500,000 francs (=
957:
962:
171:
997:
952:
1027:
1012:
869:
857:
1032:
1022:
1017:
1007:
878:
334:), and most of the Polish lands in Prussian possession since the Second and Third Partitions became the quasi-independent
972:
967:
1002:
147:
In Tilsit, Prussia ceded about half of its pre-war territories. From these territories, Napoleon had created French
927:
922:
917:
845:
179:
160:
129:
17:
992:
291:
239:
against Sweden to force Sweden to join the
Continental System. More specifically, the Tsar agreed to evacuate
642:
248:
826:
The New annual register, or General repository of history, politics, and literature, Band 28 (1808) p. 276
651:
359:
113:
105:
659:
195:
206:
982:
734:
Zawadzki, Hubert (2009). "Between Napoleon and Tsar Alexander: The Polish Question at Tilsit, 1807".
666:
377:
977:
942:
932:
279:
170:
but also had Russia and the truncated Prussia ally with him against his two remaining enemies, the
267:, were to be handed over to the French. In recompense, Napoleon guaranteed the sovereignty of the
214:
dating from the post-Tilsit period. It shows the French and Russian emperors embracing each other.
937:
372:
86:
947:
684:
319:
287:
152:
141:
117:
405:
354:
252:
163:; the other ceded territories were awarded to existing French client states and to Russia.
8:
371:
national humiliation. The Russian soldiers refused to follow Napoleon's commands, as the
109:
786:
Theorie und Praxis in der Entwicklung der französischen Staatsschuld seit dem Jahre 1870
751:
677:
303:
268:
224:
125:
755:
747:
409:
311:
232:
743:
552:
Magdeburg, with that part of the duchy on the left bank of the Elbe, Halle, &c.
77:
673:
350:
339:
335:
331:
264:
191:
156:
69:
57:
135:
655:
327:
260:
228:
220:
187:
167:
97:
911:
893:
880:
295:
45:
31:
762:
392:
Prussia in 1807 (orange) and its territories lost at Tilsit (other colours).
148:
323:
236:
183:
383:
345:
116:. The first was signed on 7 July, between Napoleon and Russian Emperor
271:
and several other small states ruled by the Tsar's German relatives.
240:
211:
283:
244:
101:
864:
852:
401:
307:
388:
367:
disagio of 28⅓%, thus paying an annual effective rate of 6.98%.
42:
Meeting of Napoleon I and Alexander I on the Neman, 25 June 1807
840:
815:
Immer ging es um Geld: Einhundertfünfzig Jahre Sparkasse Berlin
799:
Immer ging es um Geld: Einhundertfünfzig Jahre Sparkasse Berlin
175:
37:
256:
121:
801:, Berlin: Sparkasse der Stadt Berlin West, 1968, p. 10.
721:
Russia against Napoleon: the battle for Europe, 1807 to 1814
817:, Berlin: Sparkasse der Stadt Berlin West, 1968, p. 9.
363:
315:
247:, which had been occupied by Russian forces as part of the
144:
and pursued him to the easternmost frontier of his realm.
190:. Central Europe became a battlefield again in 1809 when
132:, who had already agreed to a truce on 25 June after the
128:
on 9 July. The treaties were made at the expense of King
294:, and Frederick William III in Tilsit, 1807. Painted by
231:. Napoleon also convinced Alexander to enter into the
151:, which were formalized and recognized at Tilsit: the
384:
Territorial and population losses suffered by Prussia
91:
768:
The Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed., vol. 2, 620.
429:County of Mark, with Essen, Werden, and Lippstadt,
306:stripped the country of about half its territory:
274:
201:
27:1807 treaties between France, Russia, and Prussia
909:
665:The Neman was crossed at the outset of the 1812
809:
807:
780:
778:
776:
774:
706:Napoleon: From 18 Brumaire to Tilsit, 1799–1807
259:), which had been captured by Russian admirals
120:, when they met on a raft in the middle of the
186:wars. Tilsit also freed French forces for the
988:French rule in the Ionian Islands (1807–1814)
791:
408:(1772–1795) was taken away from Prussia. The
804:
771:
557:=3,063.87 km (1,182.97 sq mi)
518:=2,718.18 km (1,049.50 sq mi)
504:=3,205.71 km (1,237.73 sq mi)
434:=2,893.65 km (1,117.24 sq mi)
133:
627:=2,269.53 km (876.27 sq mi)
585:=1,503.57 km (580.53 sq mi)
532:=1,702.15 km (657.20 sq mi)
490:=1,163.14 km (449.09 sq mi)
448:=1,049.66 km (405.28 sq mi)
166:Napoleon not only cemented his control of
680:would restore many Prussian territories.
733:
703:
641:
599:=482.28 km (186.21 sq mi)
485:Cleve, on the eastern side of the Rhine,
462:=936.18 km (361.46 sq mi)
387:
278:
205:
36:
14:
910:
718:
622:Principality of Hildesheim and Goslar.
613:=85.11 km (32.86 sq mi)
571:=56.74 km (21.91 sq mi)
476:=737.6 km (284.8 sq mi)
646:Iohn Bull refreshing the bears memory
353:and another 25.9 million former
108:in July 1807 in the aftermath of his
958:Treaties of the First French Empire
24:
963:Treaties of the Kingdom of Prussia
788:, Jena: Fischer, 1903, p. 49.
658:began on 19 November 1807 and the
380:, ending any vestige of alliance.
330:(which led to the creation of the
124:river. The second was signed with
64:), also collectively known as the
25:
1044:
833:
318:was awarded to the newly created
998:Frederick William III of Prussia
863:
851:
839:
748:10.1179/147909609X12490448067244
223:while Russia agreed to join the
130:Frederick William III of Prussia
275:Franco-Prussian treaty (9 July)
953:Treaties of the Russian Empire
820:
727:
712:
697:
202:Franco-Russian treaty (7 July)
13:
1:
870:Treaty of Tilsit, 9 July 1807
858:Treaty of Tilsit, 7 July 1807
690:
637:
580:Principality of Halberstadt,
499:Principality of East Frisia,
249:Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812
7:
1033:War of the Fourth Coalition
652:War of the Fourth Coalition
114:War of the Fourth Coalition
92:
10:
1049:
973:1807 in the Russian Empire
704:Lefebvre, Georges (1969).
660:War of the Fifth Coalition
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527:Principality of Paderborn,
526:
512:
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484:
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196:War of the Fifth Coalition
29:
968:Peace treaties of Prussia
672:Following the end of the
667:French invasion of Russia
608:Territory of Quedlinburg,
100:signed by French Emperor
81:
1028:Prussia–Russia relations
1013:France–Prussia relations
928:Napoleonic Wars treaties
923:Peace treaties of Russia
918:Peace treaties of France
719:Lieven, Dominic (2009).
513:Principality of Münster,
397:of the Prussian state.
30:Not to be confused with
1023:Poland–Russia relations
1018:France–Russia relations
1008:France–Poland relations
541:Lower Saxon possessions
471:Lingen and Tecklenburg,
443:Principality of Minden,
418:Westphalian possessions
314:, the left bank of the
292:Queen Louise of Prussia
1003:19th century in Gdańsk
647:
393:
299:
215:
194:engaged France in the
134:
73:
61:
49:
993:Alexander I of Russia
894:55.09083°N 21.88694°E
645:
594:County of Hohenstein,
457:County of Ravensberg,
391:
320:Kingdom of Westphalia
288:Alexander I of Russia
282:
235:and to instigate the
209:
153:Kingdom of Westphalia
40:
848:at Wikimedia Commons
406:partitions of Poland
112:, at the end of the
110:victory at Friedland
890: /
566:County of Mansfeld,
161:Free City of Danzig
899:55.09083; 21.88694
678:Congress of Vienna
648:
544:Prussian sq. miles
421:Prussian sq. miles
394:
300:
269:Duchy of Oldenburg
225:Continental System
216:
54:Treaties of Tilsit
50:
868:Works related to
856:Works related to
844:Media related to
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233:Anglo-Russian War
178:, triggering the
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74:Friede von Tilsit
62:Traités de Tilsit
16:(Redirected from
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983:July 1807 events
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674:Napoleonic Wars
662:began in 1809.
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386:
373:Lisbon Incident
340:Prussian dollar
336:Duchy of Warsaw
332:Belostok Oblast
277:
204:
157:Duchy of Warsaw
142:captured Berlin
104:in the town of
82:Тильзитский мир
66:Peace of Tilsit
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834:External links
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227:against the
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165:
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136:Grande Armée
96:), were two
65:
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41:
897: /
237:Finnish War
118:Alexander I
912:Categories
885:21°53′13″E
882:55°05′27″N
691:References
400:The state
355:provincial
346:Talleyrand
310:passed to
756:145539723
638:Aftermath
324:Białystok
298:, c. 1900
241:Wallachia
212:medallion
210:A French
87:romanized
631:114,000
589:101,000
561:160,000
522:127,000
508:119,500
438:148,000
284:Napoleon
265:Senyavin
245:Moldavia
159:and the
102:Napoleon
617:13,400
603:27,000
575:27,000
536:98,500
494:54,000
480:46,000
466:89,938
452:70,363
402:revenue
364:disagio
362:with a
360:bourses
308:Cottbus
304:Prussia
261:Ushakov
192:Austria
184:Finnish
126:Prussia
89::
78:Russian
754:
328:Russia
312:Saxony
251:. The
176:Sweden
155:, the
106:Tilsit
70:German
58:French
48:(1808)
752:S2CID
583:26.5
502:56.5
488:20.5
460:16.5
446:18.5
257:Kotor
122:Neman
44:, by
650:The
611:1.5
597:8.5
569:1.0
316:Elbe
263:and
243:and
182:and
174:and
140:had
52:The
744:doi
625:40
555:54
530:30
516:49
474:13
432:51
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806:^
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750:.
738:.
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758:.
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68:(
56:(
34:.
20:)
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