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Russian attacks until
Napoleon could bring additional forces onto the field. Bennigsen could have recalled the Russian forces, numbering about 50,000–60,000 men on the opposite bank of the river, and retreated across the river before the arrival of Napoleon's entire army but, being in poor health, decided to stay at Friedland and took no measures to protect his exposed and exhausted army. By late afternoon, the French had amassed a force of 80,000 troops close to the battlefield. Relying on superior numbers and the vulnerability of the Russians with their backs to the river, Napoleon concluded that the moment had come and ordered a massive assault against the Russian left flank. The sustained French attack pushed back the
1354:, by the Alle River, Napoleon decided to conduct a general assault in the hopes of dislodging what he thought was the rearguard of the Russian army. In fact, the French ran into the entire Russian army of over 50,000 men and 150 artillery guns. Repeated and determined attacks by the French failed to dislocate the Russians, who were fighting inside elaborate earthworks designed to prevent precisely the kind of river crossing Napoleon was attempting. French casualties soared to 10,000 while the Russians lost about 6,000. The Russians eventually withdrew from Heilsberg as their position became untenable, prompting Napoleon to chase after them once again. The French headed in the direction of
1540:
1323:'s corps for possession of Eylau. Daybreak on 8 February saw 44,500 French troops on the field against 67,000 Russians, but after receiving reinforcements the French had 75,000 men against 76,000. Napoleon hoped to pin Bennigsen's army long enough to allow Ney's and Davout's troops to outflank the Russians. A fierce struggle ensued, made worse by a blinding snowstorm on the battlefield. The French found themselves in dire straits until a massed cavalry charge, made by 10,700 troopers formed in 80 squadrons, relieved the pressure on the centre. Davout's arrival meant the attack on the Russian left could commence, but the assault was blunted when a Prussian force under
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Russian centre and right on its ground, and their artillery had inflicted severe losses. When
Friedland itself was seen to be on fire, the two marshals launched their infantry attack. Fresh French troops approached the battlefield. Dupont distinguished himself for the second time by fording the mill-stream and assailing the left flank of the Russian centre. This offered stubborn resistance, but the French steadily forced the line backwards, and the battle was soon over.
680:
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1570:'s (French and Polish) corps appeared at Heinrichsdorf and drove the Cossacks out of Schwonau. Lannes held his own, and by noon Napoleon arrived with 40,000 French troops at the scene of the battle. Napoleon gave brief orders: Ney's corps would take the line between Postlienen and the Sortlack Wood, Lannes closing on his left, to form the centre, Mortier at Heinrichsdorf the left wing. I Corps under
1667:. The very first thing Alexander said to Napoleon was probably well-calibrated: "I hate the English as much as you do." Napoleon reportedly replied, "Then we have already made peace." The two emperors spent several days reviewing each other's armies, passing out medals, and frequently talking about non-political subjects.
1600:. The emperor spent the afternoon in forming up the newly arrived masses, the deployment being covered by an artillery bombardment. At 5 o'clock all was ready, and Ney, preceded by a heavy artillery fire, rapidly carried the Sortlack Wood. The attack was pushed on toward the Alle. Marshal Ney's right-hand division under
1698:
progressed. Moreover, Alexander's pretensions at friendship with
Napoleon led the latter to seriously misjudge the true intentions of his Russian counterpart, who would violate numerous provisions of the treaty in the next few years. Despite these problems, Tilsit at last gave Napoleon a respite from
1636:
range. The terrible effect of the close range artillery saw the
Russian defense collapsing within minutes, as canister decimated the ranks. Ney's exhausted infantry succeeded in pursuing the broken regiments of Bennigsen's left into the streets of Friedland. Lannes and Mortier had meanwhile held the
1554:
In the meantime Lannes fought hard to hold
Bennigsen. Napoleon feared that the Russians meant to evade him again, but by 6 am Bennigsen had nearly 50,000 men across the river and forming up west of Friedland. His infantry, organized in two lines, extended between the Heinrichsdorf-Friedland road and
1327:
suddenly appeared on the battlefield and, with
Russian help, threw the French back. Ney came too late to effect any meaningful decision, so Bennigsen retreated. Casualties at this indecisive battle were horrific, perhaps 25,000 on each side. More importantly, however, the lack of a decisive victory
1574:
and the
Imperial Guard were placed in reserve behind Posthenen. Cavalry masses were collected at Heinrichsdorf. The main attack was to be delivered against the Russian left, which Napoleon saw at once to be cramped in the narrow tongue of land between the river and the Posthenen mill-stream. Three
1358:
to gain additional supplies and provisions. On 13 June the advance guard of
Marshal Lannes reported seeing large numbers of Russian troops at the town of Friedland. Both sides engaged one another for the remainder of the day with no result. Crucially, Bennigsen believed he had enough time to cross
1523:
to defeat him. Showing a bold front, and shifting troops where needed to stop
Russian advances, the French engaged the Russians first in the Sortlack Wood and in front of Posthenen in the early hours of the 14th. Lannes held Bennigsen in place until the French had massed 80,000 troops on the west
1134:
and pressed them against the river behind. Unable to withstand the pressure, the
Russians broke and started escaping across the Alle, where an unknown number of them died from drowning. The Russian army suffered horrific casualties at Friedland–losing over 40% of its soldiers on the battlefield.
1129:
and never intended to risk an engagement against Napoleon's numerically-superior forces, thought he had a good chance of destroying these isolated French units before Napoleon could save them, and ordered his entire army over the Alle River. Lannes skillfully held his ground against determined
1640:
The Russians suffered heavy losses in the disorganized retreat over the river, with many soldiers drowning. Farther north the still unbroken troops of the right wing withdrew by using the Allenburg road; the French cavalry of the left wing, though ordered to pursue, remained inactive. French
1619:
Soon the Russians found themselves huddled together in the bends of the Alle, an easy target for the guns of Ney and of the reserve. Ney's attack indeed came eventually to a standstill; Bennigsen's reserve cavalry charged with great effect and drove him back in disorder. As at
1303:
began to extend his forces to procure food supplies. Bennigsen noticed a good opportunity to strike at an isolated French corps, but he abandoned his plans once he realized Napoléon's maneuvers intended to trap his army. The Russians withdrew towards
2136:
Fisher & Fremont-Barnes p. 83. 10,700 represents the paper strength of French cavalry at Eylau. It seems very unlikely, however, that all of these squadrons fought at full strength. History may never ascertain the real number of cavalrymen that
1686:. Wiping out half of Prussian territories from the map, Napoleon created a new kingdom of 1,100 square miles called Westphalia and appointed his young brother Jérôme as its new monarch, and a 40,000 square mile Polish state entitled the
1912:, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. 2002. p. 304: "Friedland... A battle in East Prussia between French forces, ultimately numbering 80,000, commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte, and Russian forces, numbering about 46,000 under Levin, Count Bennigsen".
1505:
had driven off the French cavalry outposts. The army of Napoleon marched on Friedland, but remained dispersed on its various march routes, and the first stage of the engagement became a purely improvisational battle. Knowing that
2146:
Fisher & Fremont-Barnes p. 84. Debate continues regarding the casualties at Eylau. Some historians, such as Chandler, put the figures at 25,000 French and 15,000 Russian while others equate the two around either 15,000 or
1518:
sent aides galloping off with messages for help and waged an expert delaying action to fix Bennigsen in place. With never more than 26,000 men, Lannes forced Bennigsen to commit progressively more troops across the
1524:
bank of the river. Both sides now used their cavalry freely to cover the formation of lines of battle, and a race between the rival squadrons for the possession of Heinrichsdorf ended in favor of the French under
1674:, to make peace with Napoleon. Given the victory he had just achieved, the French emperor offered the Russians relatively lenient terms–demanding that Russia join the Continental System, withdraw its forces from
1298:
on 26 December. The result remained in doubt, but Bennigsen wrote to the Tsar that he had defeated 60,000 French troops, and as a result he gained overall command of the Russian armies in Poland. At this point,
1244:. A famous pursuit followed, and by the end of the campaign the Prussians had lost 25,000 killed and wounded, 140,000 prisoners, and more than 2,000 cannon. A few Prussian units managed to cross the
1240:
on 2 October 1806, deployed in a bataillon-carré (square-battalion) system designed to meet threats from any possible direction. On 14 October the French won decisively at the large double-battle of
4729:
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the upper bends of the river along with the artillery. Beyond the right of the infantry, cavalry and Cossacks extended the line to the wood northeast of Heinrichsdorf. Small bodies of
1044:
1628:
advanced rapidly from Posthenen, the cavalry divisions drove back the Russian squadrons into the now congested masses of infantry on the river bank, and finally the artillery general
1181:. Some historians regard the political settlements at Tilsit as the height of Napoleon's empire because there was no longer any continental power challenging the French domination of
1225:, which infuriated Prussia. The Prussians began to mobilize on 9 August 1806 and issued an ultimatum on 26 August: they required French troops to withdraw to the west bank of the
1670:
Although the negotiations at Tilsit featured plenty of pageantry and diplomatic niceties, they were not spared from ruthless politics. Alexander faced pressure from his brother,
1624:, the approach of night seemed to preclude a decisive success, but in June and on firm ground the old mobility of the French reasserted its value. The infantry division of
1563:
river, batteries came into action to cover it. A heavy and indecisive fire-fight raged in the Sortlack Wood between the Russian skirmishers and some of Lannes's troops.
1253:
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When the French arrived in Poland, the local people hailed them as liberators. The Russian general Bennigsen worried that French forces might cut him off from
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the Alle the following day, to destroy the isolated units of Lannes, and to withdraw back across the river without ever encountering the main French army.
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1237:
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represented the natural borders between French and Russian influence in Europe. On that basis, the two emperors began peace negotiations at the town of
1121:
earlier in 1807 had failed to yield a decisive verdict for either side. The battle began when Bennigsen noticed the seemingly isolated reserve corps of
86:
1682:, and hand over the Ionian Islands to France. By contrast, Napoleon dictated very harsh peace terms for Prussia, despite the ceaseless exhortations of
4724:
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Napoleon's overwhelming victory was enough to convince the Russian political establishment that peace was necessary. Friedland effectively ended the
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The Saxons also had a small division with two brigades, two cavalry regiments and two foot batteries in the French reserve Corps at Friedland.
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Marshal Jean Lannes In The Battles Of Saalfeld, Pultusk, And Friedland, 1806 To 1807: The Application Of Combined Arms In The Opening Battle
1625:
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1880:. ABC-CLIO. 2009. p. 1055: "The Battle of Friedland of June 14, 1807, pits Napoleon with 80,000 men against Bennigsen with only 60,000".
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into Poland, but Prussia lost the vast majority of its army. Russia now had to face France alone. By 18 November French forces under
1217:. This adversely affected the German merchant class. Napoleon ordered a raid to seize a subversive, anti-Napoleonic bookseller named
1567:
4240:
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war and allowed him to return to France, which he had not seen in over 300 days. His arrival was greeted with huge celebrations in
422:
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1102:. Napoleon and the French obtained a decisive victory that routed much of the Russian army, which retreated chaotically over the
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advanced on the left. A furious charge by Russian cavalry into the gap between Marchand and Bisson was repulsed by the
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at or near the bottleneck of the village of Friedland, Bennigsen had unwittingly trapped his troops on the west bank.
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On 19 June Emperor Alexander sent an envoy to seek an armistice with the French. Napoleon assured the envoy that the
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as its duke. Prussia's humiliating treatment at Tilsit caused a deep and bitter antagonism which festered as the
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Franco-Prussian tensions gradually increased after Austerlitz. Napoleon insisted that Prussia should join his
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The Encyclopedia of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. A Political, Social, and Military History
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Bennigsen's main body began to occupy the town on the night of 13 June, after Russian forces under General
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casualties numbered approximately 10,000 soldiers while the Russians suffered at least 20,000 casualties.
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on the move once again. Learning that the Russians had encamped at their operational base in the town of
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30:
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The course of the previous operations meant that both armies still had large detachments out towards
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reluctantly entered peace negotiations with Napoleon. These discussions eventually culminated in the
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Napoleon at the Battle of Friedland (1807). The Emperor is depicted giving instructions to General
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The interview at Tilsit is one of the culminating points of modern history, and the waters of the
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1925:. ABC-CLIO. 1999. p. 105: "Some 50,000 Russians under Levin von Bennigsen faced 80,000 of the
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in December 1805, Prussia went to war in 1806 to recover her position as the leading power of
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Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000
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lost almost half of its territories. The lands lost by Prussia were converted into the new
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at the town of Friedland. Bennigsen, who planned only to secure his march northward to
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in August 1806, and made a final attempt to secure terms with Britain by offering her
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1294:. The French pursued the fleeing Russians and a significant battle developed around
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A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East
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drove part of the Russian left into the river at Sortlack, while the division of
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penetrated even to Schwonau. The left wing also had some cavalry and, beyond the
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The Age of Battles: The Quest for Decisive Warfare from Breitenfeld to Waterloo
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Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond
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Napoleon aimed to win the war by destroying the Prussian armies before the
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1397: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1282:'s army, so he abandoned Warsaw and retreated to the right bank of the
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228:
189:
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After several months of recuperating from Eylau, Napoleon ordered the
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were marching from Eylau, and towards Warsaw with their spirits high.
1851:. ABC-CLIO. 2014. p. 279: "Napoleon, with 80,000 men and 118 cannon".
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The battle is mentioned as a pivotal event, though not described, in
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by the end of the fighting. The battlefield is located in modern-day
76:
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1582:"Charge of the French Cuirassiers at Friedland" on 14 June 1807 by
1532:. Bennigsen was trapped and had to fight. Having thrown all of his
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The engagement at Friedland was a strategic necessity after the
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Battles during the War of the Fourth Coalition involving Poland
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2020:, a French diplomat and formerly Napoleon's secretary, wrote, "
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1260:, and Jérôme Bonaparte's troops had reached the approaches of
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in his memoirs: Mémoires, Plon, Nourrit et Cie – Paris 1891
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in his memoirs: Mémoires, Plon, Nourrit et Cie – Paris 1891
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reflected the image of Napoleon at the height of his glory
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could arrive. 180,000 French troops began to cross the
1193:
Prior to Friedland, Europe had become embroiled in the
1812:
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cavalry divisions were added to the general reserve.
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by 8 October on pain of war between the two nations.
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Napoleon's Polish Gamble: Eylau & Friedland 1807
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The Napoleonic Wars: The Rise and Fall of an Empire.
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The Napoleonic Wars: The Rise and Fall of an Empire
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A Military History and Atlas of the Napoleonic Wars
1954:
The Napoleonic Wars: The Rise and Fall of an Empire
1510:was within supporting distance with at least three
2281:From Eylau to Friedland, 1807, The Polish Campaign
1546:at the Battle of Friedland. "Vive l'Empereur!" by
16:1807 battle during the War of the Fourth Coalition
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2222:. Garden City: International Collectors Library.
51:and behind the Emperor, on his right is Marshal
4633:England expects that every man will do his duty
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1935:
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1910:Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia
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1197:in 1805. Following the French victory at the
1177:, a vital and strategic entry point into the
1082:(14 June 1807) was a major engagement of the
451:
2265:Fisher, Todd & Fremont-Barnes, Gregory.
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1968:
1952:Fisher, Todd & Fremont-Barnes, Gregory.
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1870:
1717:began in the same year on 19 November 1807.
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1169:, which was governed by Napoleon's brother,
2283:, Histoire & Collections, Paris, 2007,
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1932:
413:
4695:Battles of the War of the Fourth Coalition
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2297:. New York: Arcade Publishing Inc., 1997.
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1286:. On 28 November 1806 French troops under
458:
444:
394:20,000–40,000 killed, wounded and captured
37:
2092:
1904:
1902:
1867:
1843:
1841:
1457:Learn how and when to remove this message
1173:. Tilsit also gave France control of the
4725:Battles inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe
2195:
2182:
2166:
2085:Todd Fisher and Gregory Fremont-Barnes,
1994:. Indiana University Press, 2004. p. 407
1888:
1886:
1854:
1577:
1538:
1492:
1484:
1476:
1468:
1208:
2217:
2150:
1984:
1915:
1824:
1781:
1663:after meeting on an iconic raft on the
4677:
2779:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
2251:Elting, John & Esposito, Vincent,
1899:
1838:
4461:Spanish American wars of independence
2437:
1883:
1153:, by which Russia agreed to join the
439:
289:Alexandre-Antoine Hureau de Sénarmont
4685:Battles involving the Russian Empire
2325:. Pen & Sword Books, Ltd. 2005,
1981:. V. I. ABC CLIO. 2006. pp. 388–389.
1727:The River Niemen was crossed in the
1395:adding citations to reliable sources
1366:
4446:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)
2463:
2211:
2208:. Penguin Group, 2014, pp. 458–459.
2179:. Penguin Group, 2014, pp. 452–453.
2114:. New York: Macmillan. 1966. p. 536
47:. Between them is depicted General
13:
1923:Napoleon: A Biographical Companion
1473:Battle of Friedland - 14 June 1807
1319:On 7 February the Russians fought
1215:economic blockade of Great Britain
14:
4741:
2346:
2101:Fisher & Fremont-Barnes p. 77
1977:Gregory Fremont-Barnes (editor).
4321:Frederick William III of Prussia
4301:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
2390:
1956:. Osprey Publishing, 2004, p. 90
1371:
1036:
1024:
1012:
995:
983:
971:
959:
942:
930:
918:
906:
894:
882:
870:
858:
846:
834:
822:
810:
798:
781:
769:
757:
745:
733:
721:
692:
685:
678:
412:
405:
353:
341:
329:
315:
294:
282:
270:
258:
246:
234:
222:
210:
196:
182:
159:
147:
136:
4441:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)
4371:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
2140:
2130:
2117:
2104:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2031:
2010:
1997:
1959:
1946:
1382:needs additional citations for
4356:Prince Regent John of Portugal
4266:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
4211:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
4206:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
2241:. Simon & Schuster, 1995.
2192:. Penguin Group, 2014, p. 457.
2163:. Penguin Group, 2014, p. 450.
1788:. Pickle Partners Publishing.
1775:
1:
4710:History of Kaliningrad Oblast
4381:Prince Charles John of Sweden
2007:. Penguin Group, 2014, p. 455
1769:
1587:
1362:
1064: Napoleon not in command
2363:Clodfelter, Micheal (2002).
1481:Situation shortly after 1700
1331:
1312:, 3 February), and later to
7:
2269:. Osprey Publishing. 2004.
1782:Everson, Robert E. (2014).
1752:
1708:War of the Fourth Coalition
1632:advanced a mass of guns to
1140:War of the Fourth Coalition
673:War of the Fourth Coalition
469:War of the Fourth Coalition
31:War of the Fourth Coalition
10:
4746:
4216:Frederick I of Württemberg
2586:Confederation of the Rhine
2321:Summerville, Christopher.
2229:
1735:In literature and the arts
1722:War of the Fifth Coalition
1648:
1644:
1335:
1271:
1195:War of the Third Coalition
1188:
1100:Levin August von Bennigsen
1086:between the armies of the
323:Levin August von Bennigsen
4595:
4479:
4394:
4376:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
4366:William, Prince of Orange
4229:
4176:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
4109:
4102:
3982:
3861:
3725:
3554:
3468:
3422:
3171:
3065:
2989:
2883:
2797:
2749:
2740:
2636:
2537:
2528:
2505:French Invasion of Russia
2471:
2426:Siege of Stralsund (1807)
2255:, Greenhill Books, 1999,
2239:The Campaigns of Napoleon
2112:The Campaigns of Napoleon
1896:. Routledge. 2014. p. 236
1864:. Scribner, 1966, p. 576.
1862:The Campaigns of Napoleon
1729:French Invasion of Russia
1072: Napoleon in command
477:
400:
385:
368:
172:
129:
59:
36:
28:
23:
4690:Battles involving France
4286:Archduke John of Austria
4281:Prince von Schwarzenberg
4126:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
2353:La bataille de Friedland
2336:La bataille de Friedland
2127:. Routledge, 2014. p. 66
1267:
217:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
4221:Frederick VI of Denmark
4171:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
2961:Greater Poland uprising
2784:Duc d'Enghien Execution
2311:. Penguin Group, 2014.
2016:Chandler 1995, p. 585.
556:Greater Poland Uprising
374:80,000 (65,000 engaged)
301:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
4341:Ferdinand VII of Spain
2789:Coronation of Napoleon
1835:Chandler, 1999: p. 161
1593:
1551:
1498:
1490:
1482:
1474:
1344:
1094:and the armies of the
426:Location within Europe
173:Commanders and leaders
4628:Conference of Dresden
4537:Paris (February 1812)
4466:Swedish–Norwegian War
4291:Alexander I of Russia
2295:Napoleon: A Biography
2218:Tolstoy, Leo (1949).
1943:Chandler 1995 p. 582.
1581:
1542:
1496:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1406:"Battle of Friedland"
1209:The Prussian Campaign
1167:Kingdom of Westphalia
386:Casualties and losses
4582:Fontainebleau (1814)
4136:Louis-Nicolas Davout
3057:Invasion of Portugal
2419:Battle of Friedland
2399:at Wikimedia Commons
2125:The Wars of Napoleon
2076:Chandler 1995 p. 515
2067:Chandler 1995 p. 502
1497:Situation about 1900
1489:Situation about 1800
1391:improve this article
1310:Battle of Allenstein
1250:Louis Nicolas Davout
1199:Battle of Austerlitz
1056: current battle
423:class=notpageimage|
241:Claude Victor-Perrin
4608:Bourbon Restoration
4351:Maria I of Portugal
4336:Prince of Hohenlohe
4326:Gebhard von Blücher
3269:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
2576:Swiss Confederation
2410:Battle of Heilsberg
2397:Battle of Friedland
2279:Hourtoulle, F. G.,
2123:Esdaile Charles J.
1338:Battle of Heilsberg
1219:Johann Philipp Palm
1110:, near the town of
1080:Battle of Friedland
277:Emmanuel de Grouchy
98: /
49:Etienne de Nansouty
24:Battle of Friedland
4623:Continental System
4618:Congress of Erfurt
4542:Paris (March 1812)
4316:Peter Wittgenstein
4241:Duke of Wellington
4196:Prince Poniatowski
4161:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
4146:Auguste de Marmont
3541:Arroyo dos Molinos
3389:Walcheren Campaign
3379:Armistice of Znaim
3274:Dalmatian Campaign
3199:Tyrolean Rebellion
2236:Chandler, David G.
2003:Roberts, Andrews.
1651:Treaties of Tilsit
1594:
1552:
1499:
1491:
1483:
1475:
1256:'s men had neared
1155:Continental System
1151:Treaties of Tilsit
1108:Kaliningrad Oblast
4700:Conflicts in 1807
4672:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4660:Types of military
4456:Russo-Turkish War
4451:Russo-Persian War
4419:Anglo-Turkish War
4414:Anglo-Swedish War
4409:Anglo-Spanish War
4404:Anglo-Russian War
4331:Duke of Brunswick
4234:political leaders
4114:political leaders
4098:
4097:
3103:Medina de Rioseco
2825:Haslach-Jungingen
2759:French Revolution
2736:
2735:
2519:Seventh Coalition
2432:
2431:
2422:Succeeded by
2395:Media related to
2317:978-0-670-02532-9
2289:978-2-35250-021-6
2110:Chandler, David.
1894:Napoleonic Europe
1584:Ernest Meissonier
1544:French 4th Hussar
1467:
1466:
1459:
1441:
1238:Franconian forest
1179:Mediterranean Sea
665:
664:
562:Swedish Pomerania
481:Prussian campaign
434:
433:
154:Kingdom of Saxony
125:
124:
102:54.450°N 21.017°E
4737:
4720:June 1807 events
4436:Dano-Swedish War
4424:Anglo-Danish War
4276:Archduke Charles
4191:Jérôme Bonaparte
4107:
4106:
4040:Castel di Sangro
3949:Fère-Champenoise
3602:García Hernández
3516:Fuentes de Oñoro
3032:Guttstadt-Deppen
2769:Second Coalition
2747:
2746:
2728:French Royalists
2535:
2534:
2484:Fourth Coalition
2458:
2451:
2444:
2435:
2434:
2406:Preceded by
2403:
2402:
2394:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2309:Napoleon, A Life
2307:Roberts, Andrew
2224:
2223:
2215:
2209:
2206:Napoleon: A Life
2202:
2193:
2190:Napoleon: A Life
2186:
2180:
2177:Napoleon: A Life
2173:
2164:
2161:Napoleon: A Life
2157:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2121:
2115:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2090:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2014:
2008:
2005:Napoleon: A Life
2001:
1995:
1988:
1982:
1975:
1966:
1965:Fisher, 2001: 78
1963:
1957:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1930:
1919:
1913:
1906:
1897:
1890:
1881:
1874:
1865:
1858:
1852:
1845:
1836:
1833:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1779:
1672:Duke Constantine
1592:
1589:
1548:Édouard Detaille
1462:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1399:
1375:
1367:
1349:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1040:
1033:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1009:
1004:
999:
992:
987:
980:
975:
968:
963:
956:
951:
946:
939:
934:
927:
922:
915:
910:
903:
898:
891:
886:
879:
874:
867:
862:
855:
850:
843:
838:
831:
826:
819:
814:
807:
802:
795:
790:
785:
778:
773:
766:
761:
754:
749:
742:
737:
730:
725:
718:
713:
708:
703:
696:
695:
689:
682:
645:Guttstadt-Deppen
472:
470:
460:
453:
446:
437:
436:
416:
415:
409:
358:
357:
346:
345:
334:
333:
320:
319:
299:
298:
287:
286:
275:
274:
263:
262:
251:
250:
239:
238:
227:
226:
215:
214:
201:
200:
187:
186:
165:
163:
162:
152:
151:
141:
140:
113:
112:
110:
109:
108:
103:
99:
96:
95:
94:
91:
61:
60:
41:
21:
20:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4664:
4591:
4475:
4396:
4390:
4346:Miguel de Álava
4311:Pyotr Bagration
4306:Count Bennigsen
4296:Mikhail Kutuzov
4261:Thomas Cochrane
4233:
4231:
4225:
4186:Louis Bonaparte
4113:
4111:
4110:French and ally
4094:
3978:
3894:Château-Thierry
3857:
3721:
3692:Maloyaroslavets
3550:
3464:
3418:
3209:Yevenes/Yébenes
3167:
3083:Rosily Squadron
3061:
2985:
2951:Waren-Nossentin
2879:
2810:Cape Finisterre
2793:
2764:First Coalition
2742:
2732:
2639:
2632:
2543:
2539:
2530:
2524:
2512:Sixth Coalition
2498:Fifth Coalition
2477:Third Coalition
2467:
2465:Napoleonic Wars
2462:
2423:
2418:
2416:Napoleonic Wars
2407:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2349:
2293:McLynn, Frank.
2232:
2227:
2216:
2212:
2203:
2196:
2187:
2183:
2174:
2167:
2158:
2151:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2131:
2122:
2118:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2093:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2015:
2011:
2002:
1998:
1989:
1985:
1976:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1933:
1920:
1916:
1907:
1900:
1891:
1884:
1875:
1868:
1859:
1855:
1846:
1839:
1834:
1825:
1819:Clodfelter 2002
1817:
1813:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1759:Napoleonic Wars
1755:
1737:
1724:began in 1809.
1688:Duchy of Warsaw
1653:
1647:
1614:Latour-Maubourg
1590:
1534:pontoon bridges
1463:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1400:
1398:
1388:
1376:
1365:
1340:
1334:
1276:
1274:Battle of Eylau
1270:
1211:
1191:
1119:Battle of Eylau
1098:led by General
1084:Napoleonic Wars
1076:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
993:
990:
988:
981:
978:
976:
969:
966:
964:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
940:
937:
935:
928:
925:
923:
916:
913:
911:
904:
901:
899:
892:
889:
887:
880:
877:
875:
868:
865:
863:
856:
853:
851:
844:
841:
839:
832:
829:
827:
820:
817:
815:
808:
805:
803:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
779:
776:
774:
767:
764:
762:
755:
752:
750:
743:
740:
738:
731:
728:
726:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
697:
693:
690:
683:
675:
668:
667:
666:
661:
574:Polish campaign
534:Waren-Nossentin
473:
468:
466:
464:
430:
429:
428:
427:
425:
419:
418:
417:
395:
380:
375:
364:
352:
348:A. I. Gorchakov
340:
336:Pyotr Bagration
328:
314:
308:
306:
293:
281:
269:
265:Nicolas Oudinot
257:
253:Édouard Mortier
245:
233:
221:
209:
195:
181:
160:
158:
146:
145:
135:
106:
104:
100:
97:
92:
89:
87:
85:
84:
83:
45:Nicolas Oudinot
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4743:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4715:1807 in France
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4655:Longwood House
4652:
4651:
4650:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4361:Count of Feira
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4256:Horatio Nelson
4253:
4248:
4243:
4237:
4235:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4166:Marshal Victor
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4117:
4115:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3944:Arcis-sur-Aube
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3687:Venta del Pozo
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3562:Ciudad Rodrigo
3558:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3440:Ciudad Rodrigo
3437:
3432:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3414:Alba de Tormes
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3314:Aspern-Essling
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2916:Jena–Auerstedt
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2872:
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2700:
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2688:Ottoman Empire
2685:
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2660:
2655:
2650:
2648:United Kingdom
2644:
2642:
2634:
2633:
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2625:
2620:
2618:Ottoman Empire
2615:
2613:Denmark–Norway
2610:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2556:Polish Legions
2553:
2547:
2545:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2491:Peninsular War
2487:
2480:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2461:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2438:
2430:
2429:
2420:
2413:
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2400:
2388:
2375:
2360:
2357:General Marbot
2348:
2347:External links
2345:
2344:
2343:
2340:General Marbot
2333:
2319:
2305:
2291:
2277:
2263:
2249:
2231:
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2149:
2139:
2129:
2116:
2103:
2091:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2039:
2037:McLynn, p. 354
2030:
2009:
1996:
1990:Weigley R. F.
1983:
1967:
1958:
1945:
1931:
1914:
1898:
1882:
1866:
1853:
1847:Dowling T. C.
1837:
1823:
1811:
1794:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1754:
1751:
1736:
1733:
1715:Peninsular War
1696:Napoleonic Era
1692:King of Saxony
1649:Main article:
1646:
1643:
1572:General Victor
1465:
1464:
1379:
1377:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1336:Main article:
1333:
1330:
1272:Main article:
1269:
1266:
1242:Jena-Auerstedt
1210:
1207:
1203:Central Europe
1190:
1187:
1175:Ionian Islands
1123:Marshal Lannes
1096:Russian Empire
1066:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1030:
1023:
1018:
1011:
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1003:Jena–Auerstedt
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498:Jena–Auerstedt
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291:
279:
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243:
231:
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193:
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174:
170:
169:
167:Russian Empire
156:
132:
131:
127:
126:
123:
122:
121:French victory
119:
115:
114:
107:54.450; 21.017
75:
73:
69:
68:
65:
57:
56:
34:
33:
26:
25:
19:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
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2:
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4708:
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4621:
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4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
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4600:
4598:
4596:Miscellaneous
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4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
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4309:
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4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4271:Manuel Lapeña
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4228:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4201:Prince Eugène
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
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4172:
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4162:
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4154:
4152:
4151:André Masséna
4149:
4147:
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4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4131:Joachim Murat
4129:
4127:
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4119:
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4116:
4108:
4105:
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4091:
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4075:Rocheserviere
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3763:San Sebastián
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3327:
3325:
3324:Sankt Michael
3322:
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3307:
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3260:
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3247:
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3239:Teugen-Hausen
3237:
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3149:
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3141:
3139:
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3126:
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3121:
3119:
3116:
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3111:
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2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
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2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
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2716:
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2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
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2689:
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2684:
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2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
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2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2541:client states
2536:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2447:
2445:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2428:
2427:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2398:
2393:
2389:
2378:
2376:9780786433193
2372:
2369:. McFarland.
2368:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2355:according to
2354:
2351:
2350:
2341:
2338:according to
2337:
2334:
2332:
2331:1-84415-260-X
2328:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2304:
2303:1-55970-631-7
2300:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2275:1-84176-831-6
2272:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2261:1-85367-346-3
2258:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2247:0-02-523660-1
2244:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2221:
2220:War and Peace
2214:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2191:
2185:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2143:
2133:
2126:
2120:
2113:
2107:
2098:
2096:
2088:
2082:
2073:
2064:
2058:McLynn p. 356
2055:
2049:McLynn p. 355
2046:
2044:
2034:
2027:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2006:
2000:
1993:
1987:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1962:
1955:
1949:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1911:
1905:
1903:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1879:
1876:Tucker S. C.
1873:
1871:
1863:
1860:Chandler, D.
1857:
1850:
1844:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1820:
1815:
1808:
1797:
1795:9781782899037
1791:
1787:
1786:
1778:
1774:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1746:War and Peace
1742:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1657:Vistula River
1652:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1495:
1487:
1479:
1471:
1461:
1458:
1450:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408: –
1407:
1403:
1402:Find sources:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1380:This section
1378:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1339:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:and by which
1160:
1159:Great Britain
1156:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1090:commanded by
1089:
1088:French Empire
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379:46,000–60,000
378:
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360:Matvei Platov
356:
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62:
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46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
4705:East Prussia
4643:Grande Armée
4603:Bibliography
4587:Paris (1815)
4547:Paris (1814)
4532:Paris (1810)
4512:Finckenstein
4487:Campo Formio
4246:Rowland Hill
4232:military and
4112:military and
4085:Rocquencourt
3954:Saint-Dizier
3924:Bar-sur-Aube
3879:Mincio River
3374:Schöngrabern
3153:2nd Zaragoza
3093:1st Zaragoza
3047:Stralsund II
3041:
2896:Campo Tenese
2870:Schöngrabern
2855:Cape Ortegal
2805:Diamond Rock
2683:Papal States
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2489:
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2475:
2424:
2415:
2408:
2380:. Retrieved
2365:
2322:
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2266:
2252:
2238:
2219:
2213:
2205:
2204:Roberts, A.
2189:
2188:Roberts, A.
2184:
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2175:Roberts, A.
2160:
2159:Roberts, A.
2142:
2132:
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2119:
2111:
2106:
2086:
2081:
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2063:
2054:
2033:
2021:
2012:
2004:
1999:
1991:
1986:
1978:
1961:
1953:
1948:
1927:Grande Armée
1926:
1922:
1921:Nicholls D.
1917:
1909:
1893:
1877:
1861:
1856:
1848:
1814:
1806:
1799:. Retrieved
1784:
1777:
1744:
1738:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1684:Queen Louise
1669:
1665:River Niemen
1654:
1639:
1618:
1612:division of
1595:
1566:The head of
1565:
1553:
1500:
1453:
1444:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1401:
1389:Please help
1384:verification
1381:
1346:Grande Armée
1341:
1318:
1277:
1231:
1212:
1192:
1137:
1132:Russian army
1116:
1079:
1077:
655:
654:
497:
391:8,000–10,000
321:
305:
202:
188:
130:Belligerents
67:14 June 1807
29:Part of the
4471:War of 1812
4429:Gunboat War
4386:Louis XVIII
4141:Jean Lannes
4055:Quatre Bras
4045:San Germano
3995:Occhiobello
3884:Champaubert
3874:La Rothière
3798:San Marcial
3682:2nd Polotsk
3647:1st Polotsk
3632:Majadahonda
3572:Villagarcia
3501:Campo Maior
3289:Piave River
3214:Ciudad Real
3204:Villafranca
3073:Dos de Mayo
3022:Stralsund I
2774:18 Brumaire
2708:Netherlands
2606:Württemberg
2382:19 February
1908:Sandler S.
1741:Leo Tolstoy
1690:, with the
1591: 1875
1301:Marshal Ney
1147:Alexander I
1114:, Russia.
600:Schweidnitz
381:120 cannons
376:118 cannons
204:Jean Lannes
105: /
4679:Categories
4613:Casualties
4527:Schönbrunn
4502:Artlenburg
4251:John Moore
4156:Michel Ney
4025:Scapezzano
4015:Cesenatico
3959:Montmartre
3889:Montmirail
3823:Wartenburg
3778:Großbeeren
3637:Gorodechno
3627:Klyastitsy
3607:Saltanovka
3496:Casal Novo
3369:Hollabrunn
3354:Korneuburg
3148:Somosierra
3052:Copenhagen
2875:Austerlitz
2865:Dürenstein
2601:Westphalia
2544:and allies
2018:Bourrienne
1892:Emsley C.
1770:References
1710:was over.
1598:Königsberg
1417:newspapers
1363:The battle
1356:Königsberg
1306:Allenstein
1280:Buxhoevden
1246:Oder River
1104:Alle River
1092:Napoleon I
615:Allenstein
229:Michel Ney
190:Napoleon I
53:Michel Ney
4577:Casalanza
4552:Tauroggen
4507:Pressburg
4492:Lunéville
4397:conflicts
4230:Coalition
4080:La Suffel
4030:Tolentino
3914:Montereau
3899:Vauchamps
3848:Bornhöved
3803:Dennewitz
3748:Tarragona
3697:Chashniki
3597:Salamanca
3521:Tarragona
3445:Barquilla
3399:Almonacid
3359:Stockerau
3329:Stralsund
3299:2nd Porto
3279:Ebelsberg
3249:Abensberg
3219:1st Porto
3179:Castellón
3163:Benavente
3128:Valmaseda
3042:Friedland
3037:Heilsberg
3007:Ostrołęka
2997:Mohrungen
2931:Magdeburg
2860:Amstetten
2845:Trafalgar
2830:Elchingen
2815:Wertingen
2713:Brunswick
2638:Coalition
1731:in 1812.
1676:Wallachia
1634:case-shot
1630:Sénarmont
1447:June 2017
1352:Heilsberg
1332:Heilsberg
1112:Pravdinsk
707:Friedland
656:Friedland
650:Heilsberg
630:Ostrołęka
610:Mohrungen
568:Stralsund
544:Magdeburg
77:Friedland
4648:Uniforms
4562:Chaumont
4480:Treaties
4181:Joseph I
4121:Napoleon
4065:Waterloo
4005:Casaglia
3969:Toulouse
3853:Sehested
3828:Bidassoa
3808:2nd Kulm
3793:1st Kulm
3783:Katzbach
3773:Sorauren
3768:Pyrenees
3733:Castalla
3717:Berezina
3707:Smoliani
3677:Tarutino
3662:Borodino
3652:Valutino
3642:Smolensk
3612:Ostrovno
3582:Maguilla
3546:Valencia
3536:Saguntum
3384:Talavera
3264:Ratisbon
3254:Landshut
3229:Bergisel
3224:Medellín
3138:Espinosa
3098:Valencia
2971:Czarnowo
2941:Pasewalk
2936:Prenzlau
2911:Saalfeld
2850:Caldiero
2820:Günzburg
2698:Sardinia
2673:Portugal
2137:charged.
1764:Napoleon
1753:See also
1680:Moldavia
1602:Marchand
1557:Cossacks
1530:Nansouty
1508:Napoleon
1503:Golitsyn
1325:L'Estocq
1290:entered
1258:Bromberg
1254:Augereau
1234:Russians
1157:against
702:125miles
595:Graudenz
580:Czarnowo
524:Pasewalk
519:Prenzlau
492:Saalfeld
369:Strength
72:Location
4395:Related
3974:Bayonne
3939:Craonne
3909:Mormant
3869:Brienne
3843:Nivelle
3833:Leipzig
3788:Dresden
3758:Vitoria
3743:Bautzen
3712:Krasnoi
3657:Mesoten
3617:Vitebsk
3577:Almaraz
3567:Badajoz
3526:Albuera
3511:Almeida
3506:Sabugal
3491:Redinha
3481:Barrosa
3460:Bussaco
3455:Almeida
3435:Astorga
3404:Tamames
3364:Gefrees
3319:Alcañiz
3259:Eckmühl
3189:Corunna
3158:Sahagún
3123:Zornoza
3118:Vimeiro
3088:Cabezón
3012:Kolberg
2981:Pułtusk
2976:Golymin
2966:Hamelin
2946:Stettin
2906:Schleiz
2751:Prelude
2743:battles
2718:Hanover
2663:Prussia
2653:Austria
2591:Bavaria
2571:Etruria
2566:Holland
2538:France,
2531:gerents
2230:Sources
2147:25,000.
1645:Results
1610:dragoon
1568:Mortier
1526:Grouchy
1431:scholar
1296:Pułtusk
1284:Vistula
1223:Hanover
1189:Prelude
1163:Prussia
1144:Emperor
635:Kolberg
590:Pułtusk
585:Golymin
549:Hamelin
529:Stettin
487:Schleiz
396:80 guns
93:21°01′E
90:54°27′N
81:Prussia
4572:Mantua
4522:Cintra
4517:Tilsit
4497:Amiens
4035:Ancona
4020:Pesaro
3990:Panaro
3919:Orthez
3904:Garris
3818:Roßlau
3813:Göhrde
3753:Luckau
3738:Lützen
3702:Vyazma
3672:Burgos
3667:Moscow
3622:Kobryn
3531:Usagre
3486:Pombal
3476:Gebora
3349:Wagram
3309:Tarvis
3284:Girona
3244:Raszyn
3234:Sacile
3143:Tudela
3133:Burgos
3113:Roliça
3108:Bailén
3027:Mileto
3017:Danzig
2956:Lübeck
2921:Erfurt
2840:Verona
2723:Nassau
2703:Sweden
2693:Persia
2678:Sicily
2658:Russia
2640:forces
2623:Persia
2596:Saxony
2581:Naples
2551:France
2529:Belli-
2373:
2329:
2315:
2301:
2287:
2273:
2259:
2245:
2024:Niemen
1801:5 July
1792:
1661:Tilsit
1626:Dupont
1606:Bisson
1550:, 1891
1516:Lannes
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1404:
1292:Warsaw
1262:Kalisz
1183:Europe
1171:Jérôme
1127:Wehlau
950:Berlin
640:Danzig
539:Lübeck
514:Berlin
504:Erfurt
164:
118:Result
4638:Films
4070:Wavre
4060:Ligny
4050:Gaeta
4010:Ronco
4000:Carpi
3964:Paris
3934:Reims
3838:Hanau
3430:Cádiz
3409:Ocaña
3394:Ölper
3339:María
3304:Wörgl
3294:Grijó
3194:Valls
3184:Uclés
3078:Bruch
3002:Eylau
2926:Halle
2901:Maida
2891:Gaeta
2741:Major
2668:Spain
2628:Spain
2561:Italy
2089:p. 76
1701:Paris
1622:Eylau
1512:corps
1438:JSTOR
1424:books
1321:Soult
1314:Eylau
1288:Murat
1268:Eylau
1227:Rhine
1142:, as
789:Eylau
700:200km
625:Eylau
620:Hoofe
605:Kozel
509:Halle
4567:Kiel
4557:Ried
4103:Info
4090:Issy
3983:1815
3929:Laon
3862:1814
3726:1813
3592:Ekau
3555:1812
3469:1811
3423:1810
3344:Graz
3334:Raab
3172:1809
3066:1808
2990:1807
2884:1806
2798:1805
2384:2023
2371:ISBN
2327:ISBN
2313:ISBN
2299:ISBN
2285:ISBN
2271:ISBN
2257:ISBN
2243:ISBN
1803:2021
1790:ISBN
1720:The
1713:The
1706:The
1678:and
1561:Alle
1528:and
1521:Alle
1410:news
1078:The
64:Date
3587:Mir
3450:Côa
2835:Ulm
1743:'s
1393:by
4681::
2197:^
2168:^
2152:^
2094:^
2042:^
2028:."
1970:^
1934:^
1929:".
1901:^
1885:^
1869:^
1840:^
1826:^
1805:.
1749:.
1703:.
1616:.
1588:c.
1586:,
1514:,
1316:.
1264:.
1205:.
1185:.
914:10
902:11
890:12
878:13
866:14
854:15
842:16
830:17
818:18
806:19
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765:22
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729:25
717:26
712:27
79:,
2457:e
2450:t
2443:v
2386:.
1821:.
1460:)
1454:(
1449:)
1445:(
1435:·
1428:·
1421:·
1414:·
1387:.
1308:(
1069:⬤
1061:⬤
1053:⬤
1032:1
1020:2
1008:3
991:4
979:5
967:6
955:7
938:8
926:9
459:e
452:t
445:v
55:.
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