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2503:, where the expeditionary force had been authorized to disembark, it would have enabled the Swedes to release at least 10,000 trained soldiers for the Finnish War. As it happened, the bulk of the Swedish army, including the best units, were kept out of the Finnish War by the king, who reserved them for his plans for conquering either SjĂŠlland or Norway. Swedish landings were invariably made with poorly equipped and trained forces, often with troops who had very low morale. Landings were further complicated by the Swedish Navy's failure to tightly block the coastal sea route past
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2025:) and managed to raise local men to oppose the Russians. The first occurred on 3 July with several others taking place soon after. Altogether the Swedes had several hundred local men-in-arms. The Russians, however, were able to send reinforcements to the area which were, in addition to being numerically superior, both far better trained and equipped than the peasants and militia the Swedes had raised. By the end of July the small forces Sweden had landed and the men that had supported them were either beaten or withdrawn back to their ships.
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lacked both adequate food and ammunition stores. Even the wells were found to be unusable. After starting the siege on 21 February, the
Russians issued a surrender demand for the fort, but this was refused by the Swedes. The demand was repeated on 2 March but without success. After a meager Russian bombardment, Gripenberg agreed to negotiations on 10 March. The fortress surrendered to the Russians on 18 March after a siege that had lasted roughly a month, with just one man having been wounded in action.
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2217:) and a further 36,000 in Norway. This forced the Swedes to allocate forces to southern Sweden and along the Norwegian border (23,000 troops). Denmark had declared war on Sweden on 14 March and some battles and skirmishes were fought along the Norwegian border. In April Napoleon began to devote more attention to the situation in Spain, and the British navy remained a continuous threat for troop movements between Denmark and Sweden.
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2160:. The British ships were far superior sailing ships compared to those of either the Swedes or Russians, and engaged the withdrawing Russian squadron (nine ships of the line and several frigates) on their own. The last of the Russian ships of the line was disabled and then captured and burned by the British ships. More Royal Navy ships (including
1825:
Sveaborg which destroyed several of the captured ships did little to change
Russian superiority in the Finnish archipelago. The Russians utilized the guns from the burned ships, and from those which burned during the winter, and constructed several fortifications on the coast, both in Hangö as well as along narrow passages leading to Ă
bo.
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of the
Russian threat he received in early 1808. Most of the Swedish plans assumed that warfare would be impossible during winter, disregarding the lessons from recent wars. In addition, several new good roads had been built into Finland greatly reducing the earlier dependency on naval support for any large operation in Finland.
2116:). Swedish patrol ships (consisting of armed merchant vessels) scouted and raided the coast, taking Russians prisoners to Ă
land. These raids caused much confusion, and Russian responses to them thinned their strength along the coast. Also the Swedish southern army of Finland, consisting of roughly 4,000 men under Major General
2084:(Alekseyev's replacement) managed to join his forces with Tuchkov's, inducing Sandels to retreat. Three days later, Buxhoevedenâpressed by the early onset of winter weatherâsigned an armistice, much to the dismay of Alexander I. The emperor refused to ratify the truce and replaced Buxhoeveden with a new commander-in-chief,
1694:). Since Klingspor had not arrived, Lieutenant General Karl Nathanael af Klercker acted as Swedish commander in Finland. He was notified of the Russian invasion already on 21 February and since it was impossible to hold the predefined defense lines as the army had not yet fully assembled, he ordered the army to assemble at
2488:
Finland had not been completed and those that were completed had mostly fallen into neglect and disrepair. Even the strongest of the
Swedish fortresses, Sveaborg, still had several of its planned fortifications missing, most notably all the land side fortifications designed to protect against a besieging enemy.
2531:, minted by Finland in 2008. The motif on the coin is the passage of Finland from Sweden to Russia. The same coin depicts both the pre-war Finnish history, with the withdrawing Swedish crown on the reverse side, and the post-war future of the country, with the Russian eagle symbol on the obverse side.
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The third force, commanded by Count
Shuvalov, struck against TorneĂ„ and, braving fierce frost, encircled a Swedish army, which capitulated on 25 March. Six days later, the tsar arrived in Ă
bo and, on learning about the truce, not only revoked Knorring's signature but named Barclay de Tolly as the new
2233:
By
November 1808, Russian forces had overrun all of Finland. On 19 November, the Convention of Olkijoki was signed and the Swedish army was forced to leave the Finnish countryside. The Russian emperor was, however, now eager to bring hostilities to the territory of Sweden proper, which was certain to
1964:
began on 19 June and was initially successful. The surprised
Russians garrisoned at Ă
bo reacted quickly, however, and deployed over 3,000 men to stop the landing force. By the morning of 20 June, the Swedish forces were forced to withdraw. In addition, Colonel Johan BergenstrÄhle landed 1,100 Swedes
1932:
chose to stay relatively far from the coast. Upon approaching the coast on 21 June, Cederström learned that the
Russians had already passed the cape some time earlier. Attempts to stop the Russians deeper in the archipelago were also unsuccessful. Failure to block the Russians led the king to relieve
1706:
the
Russians also forced the Swedes to withdraw. The king was quite unprepared for the attack, especially as war was not declared until April. About 21,000 Swedish troops were stationed in various fortresses in Finland, while the rest of his army was unable to leave southern Sweden for fear of Danish
1591:
The situation was problematic for Sweden, since it once again faced both
Denmark and Russia as potential enemies requiring the Swedes to split their forces. The king had thought it impossible to defend Finland should the enemy attack during the winter and chose largely to ignore the repeated warnings
2091:
In the south, the Swedish battle fleet remained anchored within the Finnish archipelago, blocking some of the deeper coastal sea routes from Hangö towards Ă
bo. Russian ships continued to arrive from the east but remained within the shallow narrows where the Swedish ships of the line could not reach.
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The advance of the Russian coastal squadron beyond Hangö created difficulties for the Swedes. The strength of the Swedish coastal forces deployed to the Finnish archipelago was equal in size to the coastal fleet that the Russians had obtained by the Sveaborg surrender. To prevent the Russians from
2104:). However, the Swedish fleet dropped its blockade on 22 August, allowing the Russian coastal units to unite. Odds were very much against the Swedes as the Russians had nearly one hundred coastal ships in the Finnish archipelago, against which Sweden could deploy only 7 galleys and 30 gun sloops.
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cape they cut off the coastal sea route from Russian ships. Total British control of the Gulf of Finland was a large obstacle to the Russian supply network and required sizable garrisons to be posted all along the Finnish coast. The Royal Navy captured 35 Russian ships and burnt 20 others before
1780:
The Swedish fortress of Svartholm, commanded by Major Carl Magnus Gripenberg, was ill-prepared for a war. While the garrison was 700 men strong, only a third of the men had actually functioning weapons, while most of the fortress' guns had no carriages. The fortress had fallen into disrepair and
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thought it might be taken as provocative by the Russians. Furthermore, Swedish strategy relied on the outdated plans for Finland which took into account neither the advances in weaponry, mobility of the armed forces or the greatly improved road networks of Finland. Most of the fortifications in
1633:
The plan involved using the series of fortifications built after 1790 as staging grounds for the Russian advances into Finland. In southern Finland, armies were to isolate the fortifications and first take control of the whole of southern Finland before advancing further to the north. Forces in
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According to two 2015 studies by political scientists Jan Teorell and Bo Rothstein, Sweden's loss in the Finnish War led to reforms of the Swedish bureaucracy. Prior to 1809, Sweden had a reputation as one of Europe's most corrupt countries, but the loss in the war created the perception of an
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Swedish efforts to harass the Russians with landings continued, with roughly 1,000 volunteers under Captain Anders Gyllenbögel landing on 1 August to support Swedish-led uprisings on the coast south of Vasa. The landing succeeded, and together with Swedish troops advancing from the north, they
1824:
could accomplish. Capture of the main body of the Swedish archipelago fleet had resulted in a real advantage to the Russians since it allowed them to gain superiority in the narrow waters of the Finnish archipelago where large ships of the line could not operate. Even the powerful explosion at
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to all foreign warships. Although he reiterated his demand on November 16, 1807, it took two months before the king responded that it was impossible to honor the previous arrangements as long as the French were in control of the major Baltic ports. King Gustav Adolf did this after securing an
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retreated to the north. Then in the spring, counterattack simultaneously from north and south, when the Swedish army would have naval support and the Russian army would be spread over Finland and thus have long supply lines. The basic reason for the plan was to avoid major decisive battles.
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1864:, a Russian general who was dispatched to the north of Finland, left garrisons in every fort along his way. This reduced his unit to 4,000 troops, which proved insufficient to pacify the hostile country. The Finns rose up in guerrilla fighting as far east as Frederikshamn (Finnish:
1989:
Having been alerted to the approach of additional Russian coastal units from Sveaborg, the Swedish forces moved to intercept them before they could link up with the Russian coastal unit now bottled up at Ă
bo. Learning that the Russians intended to go around the island of
1617:
Russia had gathered a wealth of information from Finland using spies and other sources. The level of detail was so great that Russian maps of Finland were in many respects more accurate than their Swedish counterparts. The Russians used the services of General
1815:
The Russians had advanced considerably but they had also gained the long and vulnerable coastline with it. After the sea would be clear of ice there would be nothing to prevent Swedish forces from landing troops on the shore. With the Royal Navy supporting the
2079:
In the north, the situation was more complicated. Tuchkov's battered unit strained to hold its own against Sandels, while the progress of a relief force under General Alekseyev was contained by guerrilla fighters. It was not until 26 September that Prince
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existential threat in the east for Sweden and motivated Swedish elites to reform its bureaucracy. The motivation behind the reforms were to make the Swedish state more effective and functional, and thus protect against the existential threat in the East.
1803:
had been well prepared for the war with a garrison of 6,000 men, over 700 cannons, and enough stores to last until the summer of 1808. Defenses were strong enough to prevent the Russians from trying to storm the fortress by surprise. Instead the Russians
2341:
When news of Kulnev's incursion spread to the Swedish capital, the new king sent an embassy to Knorring, proposing a truce. The Russian commander agreed and speedily recalled Kulnev back to Ă
land. Meanwhile, the other Russian contingentâ5,000 men under
1530:, informed the king that the peaceful relations between Russia and Sweden depended on Swedish agreement to abide by the limitations of the Treaty of Tilsit which in practice meant that Sweden would have been required to follow the
2185:) arrived to oversee a blockade of the Russian fleet at Baltiyskiy Port which continued until the sea started to freeze. The Swedish fleet suffered from outbreaks of scurvy and had been unable to maintain the blockade on its own.
2208:
again on 26 September. However, owing to bad weather, only a portion of the troops that had been intended to participate in the landing actually reached the Finnish coast, and this resulted in another withdrawal on 28 September.
1977:
on 30 June, and after Russians withdrew closer to Ă
bo, the second was a battle at Pukkisaari on 4 July. Fighting ended in a stalemate, but can be viewed as a Swedish failure since they failed to decisively defeat the Russians.
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had arrived in Sweden in May and he concentrated his ships, 10 ship of the line and 17 smaller ships, to the Gulf of Finland. The presence of the British naval units kept the Russian battlefleet strictly confined to
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The Swedish situation was further weakened by being at war with France and Denmark, both of whom threatened Sweden's possessions, with a joint invasion force of 45,000 troops in Denmark (under French Marshal
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2006:. While none of the fights ended with a decisive winner, the overall strategic victory went to Russia, who gained advantage in the Finnish archipelago by managing to link up their separate coastal units.
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Islands was based. After a two-hour-long battle, the local militia, together with the Swedish landing force, overwhelmed their enemies and Colonel Vuich and his garrison were compelled to surrender.
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when forming their plans. Sprengtporten suggested going on to an offensive during the winter since Finland would be mostly isolated when seas were frozen. His ideas were further developed by General
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Although Knorring was urged to execute the plan as quickly as possible, he regarded the idea as unrealistic and procrastinated until March, when the emperor dispatched the War Minister
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1550:, was apprehensive of the system's ruinous consequences for Sweden's maritime commerce. He instead entered into negotiations with Britain in order to prepare a joint attack against
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and his council believed that resistance was futile. The Russians gained the main body of the Swedish archipelago fleet intact as well as large stores of supplies and munitions.
1969:
on 25 June and managed to quickly advance to the town. The Russians, however, managed to gather a force of 3,000 men which was able to force the ill-trained Swedes to withdraw.
2002:. Swedish attempts to land troops and artillery in support of the gunboats at VestankÀrr on 2 August ended in failure, though the attempt came very close to capturing General
1595:
The Swedish plan was to first passively defend and hold on to the fortifications in the southern coast of Finland, in which Sweden had strong garrisons, while the rest of the
2326:
As Russian forces embarked upon their unprecedented march across the frozen gulf, King Gustav IV, accused of fatal mistakes leading to the loss of Finlandâwas dethroned by a
1702:). Before the engagement started, Klingspor finally arrived on 2 March and assumed command. Instead of facing the Russians at Tavastehus, he ordered the army to withdraw. In
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Skirmishes and landings continued in the Finnish archipelago from late summer into autumn. On 30 August, the Swedish coastal fleet defeated its Russian adversaries at the
2076:'s prompt actions. In Eastern Finland, the guerrilla movement was gradually extinguished. As a consequence, Russia's situation in Southern Finland improved significantly.
1005:
2143:. The Russian fleet reached Hangö on 6 August and chose not to engage the scattered Swedish fleet elements in the vicinity. On 20 August, two British ships of the line (
2139:) sortied in late July to clear the Swedish blockades in the archipelago, to cut contact between Ă
land and Sweden, and to stop Swedish supply transports sailing in the
1588:, thus pushing the Russo-Swedish frontier considerably to the west of the Russian capital and safeguarding it in case of any future hostilities between the two powers.
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Some advocates existed for taking a more active approach immediately, namely Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Möller (fi) who advocated for taking an immediate offensive and
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alliance with Britain on 8 February 1808. Meanwhile, on 30 December 1807 Russia announced that should Sweden not give a clear reply Russia would be forced to act.
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2156:) joined the Swedish fleet. The allied fleet moved on 25 August 1808 to engage the Russian fleet, which turned and attempted to reach the relative safety of
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2045:. Having received considerable reinforcements, their numbers increased to 55,000, as opposed to the 36,000 estimated for Sweden. On 14 August, Count
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gaining strength, the Swedish coastal fleet's unit under Rear Admiral Claes Hjelmstjerna tried to engage them twice in battle. The first was at the
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on 16 March. Swedish forces had mostly just withdrawn before the advancing Russian often destroying usable materials. For example, the Swedish
1998:), a Swedish force of gunboats was deployed to the narrows. They met the Russians first at Tallholmen on 21 July and again on 2 August in the
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1852:. The Swedish advance was very slow however, as operations were often halted due to the thaw. An exception was the brigade under Colonel
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The Russian advance was swift. On the first day of the war they had captured the town of Lovisa and besieged the Swedish sea fortress of
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coins minted during 2009 featured a stylised depiction of the sky and the sea on the reverse side, flanked by a quote by Anton Rosell:
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This article is about the 1808â1809 war between Russia and Sweden. For the 1939â1940 war between the Soviet Union and Finland, see
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commander-in-chief. Hostilities thus continued until May, when Shuvalov finally reached UmeÄ, where he was succeeded by Kamensky.
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2128:, the king, after pursuing the matter unsuccessfully in military tribunals, condemned von Vegesack to lose his rank and title.
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Rothstein, Bo; Teorell, Jan (2015-09-01). "Getting to Sweden, Part II: Breaking with Corruption in the Nineteenth Century".
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2966:"Golden collector coin in honour of the anniversary: two hundred years since the Finnish war and the birth of autonomy"
1908:. Due to various disagreements with the Swedish king, however, they never landed and sailed off to fight the French in
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with only slight modifications until 1919. Almost all Finnish soldiers in Sweden (most of them in the UmeÄ area) were
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from the territory obtained from Sweden, and would attach the areas gained from Sweden in the 18th century (so-called
2192:, forcing the Russians to abandon their plans to invade Ă
land and concentrate on defense. On 17 September, the Swedes
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3191:Đ€ĐŸĐŒĐžĐœ Đ.Đ., ĐšĐČĐ”ŃĐžŃ ĐČ ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒĐ” Đ”ĐČŃĐŸĐżĐ”ĐčŃĐșĐŸĐč ĐżĐŸĐ»ĐžŃĐžĐșĐž ĐœĐ°ĐșĐ°ĐœŃĐœĐ” Đž ĐČ ĐżĐ”ŃĐžĐŸĐŽ ŃŃŃŃĐșĐŸ-ŃĐČДЎŃĐșĐŸĐč ĐČĐŸĐčĐœŃ 1808â1809 гг., Đ., 2003.
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in late autumn, joining with von Döbeln's forces. However, since von Vegesack had been ordered to land his men at
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was chosen to lead the first Swedish army to Finland. He was to lead a force of 2,600 men, land somewhere between
1808:. The fortress surrendered on 6 May 1808 after prolonged negotiations with the Russians as the commanding officer
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Nordling, Carl. "Capturing âThe Gibraltar of the North:âHow Swedish Sveaborg was taken by the Russians in 1808."
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With this objective in mind, Kamensky suggested a daring plan, whereby the Russian army was to cross the frozen
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who supported actively delaying the advancing enemies in co-operation with the garrisons in the southern coast.
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proved inconclusive and Kamensky succeeded in neutralizing this belated counter-offensive, following up with a
1614:, received from the king were an unsuccessful and open-ended mixture of ideas from these very different plans.
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The 200th anniversary of the war was selected as the main motif for a high value commemorative coin, the âŹ100
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Although most Swedish officers were sceptical about their chances in fighting the larger and more experienced
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Wachtmeister's action was only a prelude to the peace negotiations that opened in August and resulted in the
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Norbert Götz. âThe Good Plumpuddingsâ Belief: British Voluntary Aid to Sweden During the Napoleonic Wars.â
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was declared. Referring to the treaties of 1780 and 1800, the emperor demanded that Gustav Adolf close the
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Teorell, Jan; Rothstein, Bo (2015-09-01). "Getting to Sweden, Part I: War and Malfeasance, 1720â1850".
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on 18 September. The troops that landed were forced to withdraw to their ships on 18 September, but
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bo (nearly 50 gun sloops) were torched to prevent their capture.
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on 14 September. Swedish attempts to land more troops near Ă
bo were stalled by Lieutenant-General
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1956:, and then capture the latter. Von Vegesack instead chose to land his force at the Lemo (Finnish:
1885:, supported by the local population, compelled the small Russian force left on the main island of
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2261:. A third unit was to advance into Sweden by land, going around the gulf and through the town of
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In August, Charles XIII, anxious to improve his position at a peace settlement, ordered General
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and reached the cape on 10 June. Due to bad weather and poor visibility the fleet under Admiral
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started an advance towards the south. These successes yielded a promotion to Field Marshal for
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1580:, Gustav Adolf had an unrealistic view of Sweden's ability to defend itself against Russia. In
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2425:(17 September), in which Sweden ceded the whole of Finland and all of its domains east of the
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After the Russians were driven from Central Finland, their forces stretched along the line of
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2214:
2144:
2117:
1941:
1577:
1515:
1501:
888:
753:
726:
493:
299:
81:
4836:
4432:
2092:
Small boat actions took place during the night time of 17â18 July which became known as the
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716:
641:
456:
5808:
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1991:
1929:
8:
7385:
7315:
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6635:
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2200:), while the coastal fleet covering the landing managed to keep the Russians away in the
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1833:
1809:
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1355:
666:
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591:
476:
324:
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1342:. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established as the autonomous
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2174:
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1726:
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868:
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848:
711:
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336:
235:
230:
45:
5021:
4951:
4916:
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2407:
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to Finland in order to pressure Knorring into action before joining the army himself.
1925:
1746:
778:
768:
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87:
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Sufficient stocks of supplies had not been prepared for the Swedish army, since King
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3173:ĐĐžŃ
Đ°ĐčĐ»ĐŸĐČŃĐșĐžĐčâĐĐ°ĐœĐžĐ»Đ”ĐČŃĐșĐžĐč Đ. Đ., ĐпОŃĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” ŃĐžĐœĐ»ŃĐœĐŽŃĐșĐŸĐč ĐČĐŸĐčĐœŃ ĐČ 1808â1809. ĐĄĐĐ, 1849.
3045:
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1519:
1323:
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1307:
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671:
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arrived in Sweden, but after months of idleness departed for the beginning of the
928:
903:
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119:
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41:
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2431:
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2318:
Memorial plaque commemorating the Russian army's crossing of Kvarken in 1809 in
1630:
was appointed as the commander of the Russian army in Finland in December 1807.
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4103:
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2464:) to the new Grand Duchy in 1812. The Grand Duchy of Finland was to retain the
2132:
1961:
1335:
1218:
1154:
621:
391:
379:
367:
355:
343:
331:
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202:
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Bref och uppteckningar frÄn kriget i Finland 1808-1809 / utg. af Reinh. Hausen
1886:
1753:) were taken and manned on 21 March and on the same day the Russian army took
1695:
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7330:
7167:
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3017:
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2536:
2449:. A few months later, on 6 January 1810, the Russian government mediated the
2445:
and closed its harbours to British ships, leading to a formal declaration of
2398:
to land in the north of Sweden and to attack Kamensky's rear. Engagements at
2319:
1909:
1610:
In the end, instructions which the new Swedish commander in Finland, General
1331:
893:
3304:
3296:
3270:
3262:
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3049:
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6331:
4295:
4131:
3756:
3343:
2472:
2327:
2121:
2010:
1945:
1821:
1817:
1596:
1584:, his stubbornness was viewed as a convenient pretext for Russia to occupy
1212:
990:
425:
372:
166:
6847:
3330:
2611:
2334:. Four days later, Bagration's corps of 17,000 men occupied the strategic
2068:
for Sweden on 13 September, Kamensky gained the most important victory at
1877:
In May, the Russians suffered further setbacks when they were driven from
7192:
6921:
6842:
6605:
6083:
6041:
5998:
5753:
3902:
3473:
2461:
2161:
1871:
1182:
1131:
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908:
489:
472:
462:
452:
442:
432:
420:
408:
247:
898:
53:
7227:
7177:
7096:
6965:
5768:
3463:
3416:
2520:
2437:
2413:
2225:
1981:
1784:
1683:
1670:
1569:
1558:
1539:
1400: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
17:
1912:
after leaving 16 battleships and 20 other ships at Sweden's disposal.
6815:
3120:
2934:
2383:
2258:
2049:
decided to use this numerical superiority to launch a new offensive.
789:
3116:
NĂ€r riket sprĂ€ngdes: fĂ€lttĂ„gen i Finland och VĂ€sterbotten, 1808â1809
1526:, Alexander, in his letter on 24 September 1807 to the Swedish King
1375:
7380:
7242:
5733:
3937:
3574:
3355:
3302:
2778:
2535:
In memory of the 200th anniversary of the Finnish War, all Swedish
2387:
2157:
2018:
1890:
1882:
1792:
1738:
1535:
1523:
4046:
3557:
2504:
2500:
2335:
2254:
1894:
1762:
1041:
158:
3579:
3386:
3306:
Skildring af krigshĂ€ndelserna i Ăster- och VĂ€sterbotten 1808-1809
2301:
2042:
2038:
1921:
1878:
1687:
1585:
3130:
Det stora nederlaget: nĂ€r Sverige och Finland delades 1808â1809
2499:. Had the king accepted the landing of 10,000 British troops in
2367:
2246:
6319:
3892:
2766:
2543:("The wonderful story of a land on the other side of the sea").
2386:, and after the British constructed artillery batteries to the
2358:
2284:
2262:
2052:
Kamensky's 11,000-strong corps achieved important victories at
1920:
The Swedish battlefleet which had been expelling Russians from
1866:
1857:
1770:
1769:
was taken. In Savolax, Russians also advanced rapidly and took
1730:
1715:
1662:) to cut off the retreat of the main body of the Swedish army.
252:
123:
1710:
539:
3842:
3584:
2250:
2242:
2009:
Sweden performed several small landings along the coast near
1966:
1953:
1766:
1754:
1655:
2756:
2754:
1900:
On May 26, a British fleet carrying 14,000 troops under Sir
3589:
3238:
Studenter under Finlands kampĂ„r 1898â1909 / Gunnar Landtman
2125:
2109:
2034:
1836:
and began to halt the Russian offensive. Soon after at the
1647:
3311:
Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursÀllskapet i Finland
3277:
Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursÀllskapet i Finland
3243:
Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursÀllskapet i Finland
3206:
Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursÀllskapet i Finland
3089:] (in Finnish). JyvÀskylÀ: K. J. Gummerus Osakeyhtiö.
2946:
2922:
2910:
2898:
2886:
2874:
2862:
2850:
2838:
2826:
2814:
2802:
2790:
1346:
within the Russian Empire. Other notable effects were the
1338:
from 21 February 1808 to 17 September 1809 as part of the
110:(1 year, 6 months, 3 weeks and 6 days)
3272:
SjukvÄrd och lÀkare under kriget 1808-1809 / K. E. Lindén
2751:
2717:
2705:
2693:
2681:
2647:
2645:
3179:ĐĐžĐČĐ” Đ. Đ., Đ ŃŃŃĐșĐŸ-ŃĐČДЎŃĐșĐ°Ń ĐČĐŸĐčĐœĐ° 1808â1809, ĐĄĐĐ, 1910.
1933:
Cederström of his duties and replace him with Commander
3185:ĐĐ°Ń
Đ°ŃĐŸĐČ Đ., Đ ŃŃŃĐșĐŸ-ŃĐČДЎŃĐșĐ°Ń ĐČĐŸĐčĐœĐ° 1808â1809, Đ., 1940.
2657:
2429:
river (the north-eastern parts of what was then called
2330:
in Stockholm on 13 March, and his uncle was proclaimed
2642:
1745:) on 2 March. Abandoned Swedish fortifications on the
1642:) were to press hard against the Swedes and reach the
7114:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
3352:â The Russian-Swedish War of 1808â09 by Göran Frilund
2669:
1674:
Finnish War, February 1808 at the outbreak of the war
1289:
Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental (1811â1812)
3268:
2560:
2541:
Den underbara sagan om ett land pÄ andra sidan havet
2529:
200th Anniversary of Finnish War commemorative coin
1474:
Chronology of battles and events of the Finnish War
1678:On February 21, 1808, 24,000 Russian troops under
2737:"Southern Towns Mark War of Finland Bicentennial"
2120:, was moved from Ă
land to Finland, and landed at
7398:
7129:Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)
6459:List of battles involving the Russian Federation
3167:ĐŃĐŽĐžĐœ Đ., ĐĐŸĐșĐŸŃĐ”ĐœĐžĐ” Đ€ĐžĐœĐ»ŃĐœĐŽĐžĐž, Ń. 1, ĐĄĐĐ, 1889.
3035:
2995:
7248:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
7163:Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944â1953)
6246:England expects that every man will do his duty
3231:
3197:
3303:Carl Johan Ljunggren; Reinhold Hausen (1903),
1893:where the bulk of the Russian garrison on the
7102:Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)
6303:
4062:
3371:
2391:leaving the Baltic Sea on 28 September 1809.
2353:
2241:at two locations: one unit was to march from
1960:) manor house a few kilometers south of Ă
bo.
1889:to surrender, and then invaded the island of
1057:
805:
555:
2491:In 1808 a British expeditionary force under
7055:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)
7050:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)
173:was constituted, an autonomous part of the
6371:Military history of the Russian Federation
6310:
6296:
4069:
4055:
3378:
3364:
1714:The Swedish assault on the chancellery in
1554:, whose Norwegian possessions he coveted.
1064:
1050:
812:
798:
562:
548:
534:53,000 died of disease and other hardships
6621:Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652â1689)
3132:(in Swedish). Stockholm: Gullers förlag.
3127:
2663:
2377:A British Royal Navy fleet under Admiral
1460:Learn how and when to remove this message
3315:Society of Swedish Literature in Finland
3281:Society of Swedish Literature in Finland
3247:Society of Swedish Literature in Finland
3210:Society of Swedish Literature in Finland
3112:
2651:
2519:A memorial of the Battle of Kutujoki in
2514:
2412:
2357:
2313:
2295:
2283:
2224:
2028:
1980:
1783:
1709:
1669:
6582:Russian Conquest of Siberia (1580â1747)
6452:List of wars involving the Soviet Union
3080:
2952:
2940:
2928:
2916:
2904:
2892:
2880:
2868:
2856:
2844:
2832:
2820:
2808:
2796:
2784:
2772:
2760:
2723:
2711:
2699:
2687:
2675:
1761:) while a small detachment was sent to
1239:Linois's expedition to the Indian Ocean
481:
27:1808â1809 war between Russia and Sweden
7399:
7203:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
7134:Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944
6993:GeorgianâOssetian conflict (1918â1920)
6971:Soviet westward offensive of 1918â1919
6685:Austro-RussianâTurkish War (1735â1739)
6361:Military history of the Russian Empire
4392:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
2229:Finnish War, Winter 1808 - Summer 1809
2108:managed to drive the Russians towards
819:
7353:Deployment in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020)
6731:Russian colonization of North America
6291:
6074:Spanish American wars of independence
4050:
3359:
3031:
3029:
3027:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2131:A Russian battle fleet under Admiral
1045:
793:
543:
6366:Military history of the Soviet Union
3385:
3346:â The Swedish-Russian War of 1808â09
3123:: P. A. Norstedts och Söners Förlag.
2958:
2441:) to Russia. Sweden then joined the
2362:Second to last battle of the war at
1765:. Before the end of March 1808 even
1665:
1398:adding citations to reliable sources
1369:
1269:British invasions of the River Plate
108:21 February 1808 â 17 September 1809
7107:Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940
6059:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)
4076:
2257:and thence towards the vicinity of
2234:bring the war to a victorious end.
1965:just a few kilometers northeast of
1071:
13:
7153:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
6519:1993 Russian constitutional crisis
3161:
3075:Journal of Slavic Military Studies
3024:
2984:
1844:), the Swedish army under Colonel
1737:) was captured on 24 February and
14:
7483:
7437:Wars involving the Russian Empire
7018:Red Army intervention in Mongolia
3337:
2968:. Mint of Finland. Archived from
2196:, this time at Lokalax (Finnish:
2004:Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden
1915:
1856:, which swiftly advanced towards
1628:Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden
7072:SovietâJapanese border conflicts
6865:Russian conquest of Central Asia
6801:Russian conquest of the Caucasus
6597:PolishâMuscovite War (1605â1618)
6539:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
5934:Frederick William III of Prussia
5914:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
3128:Sandström, Allan (August 2008).
2591:
2577:
2563:
2510:
1680:Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoevden
1491:
1482:
1374:
488:
471:
461:
451:
441:
431:
419:
407:
390:
378:
366:
354:
342:
330:
318:
306:
292:
267:
246:
229:
217:
195:
52:
7358:Deployment in Kazakhstan (2022)
7003:Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
6944:1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine
6054:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)
5984:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
3067:
1546:as his ally against Napoleon's
1385:needs additional citations for
569:
7040:Urtatagai conflict (1925â1926)
6690:War of the Austrian Succession
5969:Prince Regent John of Portugal
5879:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
5824:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
5819:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
3486:History of independent Finland
3038:Scandinavian Political Studies
2998:Scandinavian Political Studies
2943:, pp. 225, 230, 249, 311.
2729:
2279:
2220:
1:
7263:South Ossetia war (1991â1992)
7141:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
6892:Russian invasion of Manchuria
6882:Russo-Turkish War (1877â1878)
6828:Russo-Turkish War (1828â1829)
6823:Russo-Persian War (1826â1828)
6766:Russo-Turkish War (1806â1812)
6756:Russo-Persian War (1804â1813)
6721:Russo-Swedish War (1788â1790)
6716:Russo-Turkish War (1787â1792)
6706:Russo-Turkish War (1768â1774)
6696:Russo-Swedish War (1741â1743)
6674:Russo-Persian War (1722â1723)
6669:Russo-Turkish War (1710â1711)
6646:Russo-Turkish War (1686â1700)
6641:Russo-Turkish War (1676â1681)
6616:Russo-Persian War (1651â1653)
6592:Russo-Swedish War (1590â1595)
6587:Russo-Turkish War (1568â1570)
6572:Russo-Swedish War (1554â1557)
6447:List of wars involving Russia
6442:Sino-Russian border conflicts
5994:Prince Charles John of Sweden
3269:Karl Eberhard Lindén (1908),
3152:: CS1 maint: date and year (
2636:
2607:Dano-Swedish War of 1808â1809
1985:Finnish War, MayâOctober 1808
1834:counter-attacked at Siikajoki
1820:there was little the Russian
1566:Anglo-Russian War (1807â1812)
1365:
1354:and the establishment of the
1254:Second Archipelago Expedition
1249:British conquest of Cape Town
7218:Eritrean War of Independence
7188:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
7183:East German uprising of 1953
7124:Eastern Front (World War II)
7013:Red Army invasion of Georgia
7008:Red Army invasion of Armenia
6976:Estonian War of Independence
6917:Russian occupation of Tabriz
6838:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
6796:War of the Seventh Coalition
6679:War of the Polish Succession
6626:Russo-Polish War (1654â1667)
3106:International History Review
3087:Sea safeguarding our country
2787:, pp. 232â233, 238â244.
2739:. Yle News. 21 February 2008
2088:, in December of that year.
2060:(2 September), and although
1924:was ordered to blockade the
58:Left to right from the top:
22:Finnish War (disambiguation)
7:
7258:War in Abkhazia (1992â1993)
7208:Sino-Soviet border conflict
7077:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
7045:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
6981:Latvian War of Independence
6870:Russian conquest of Bukhara
6761:War of the Fourth Coalition
6746:War of the Second Coalition
2556:
2478:
2453:between Sweden and France.
1881:and Ă
land, where a Swedish
1788:Finnish War, MarchâMay 1808
10:
7488:
7467:1809 in the Russian Empire
7462:1808 in the Russian Empire
7253:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
6791:War of the Sixth Coalition
6781:War of the Fifth Coalition
6751:War of the Third Coalition
6356:Military history of Russia
6318:Armed conflicts involving
5829:Frederick I of WĂŒrttemberg
4199:Confederation of the Rhine
3741:Government-owned companies
3412:Finland under Swedish rule
2410:over the Swedes at PiteÄ.
2354:Summer 1809 and conclusion
1620:Georg Magnus Sprengtporten
1514:After the Russian Emperor
1471:
15:
7366:
7301:
7092:Soviet invasion of Poland
6902:
6786:French invasion of Russia
6654:
6552:
6471:
6397:MuscoviteâLithuanian Wars
6389:
6346:
6339:
6208:
6092:
6007:
5989:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
5979:William, Prince of Orange
5842:
5789:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
5722:
5715:
5595:
5474:
5338:
5167:
5081:
5035:
4784:
4678:
4602:
4496:
4410:
4362:
4353:
4249:
4150:
4141:
4118:French Invasion of Russia
4084:
4001:
3883:
3813:
3804:
3752:National income agreement
3721:
3712:
3623:
3614:
3508:
3499:
3444:Golden Age of Finnish Art
3397:
2547:
1850:Wilhelm Mauritz Klingspor
1612:Wilhelm Mauritz Klingspor
1330:) was fought between the
1319:
1189:French invasion of Russia
1083:
831:
579:
523:
502:
282:
185:
100:
51:
39:
34:
7233:South African Border War
7158:Guerrilla war in Ukraine
7060:Chechen uprising of 1932
6741:Russo-Persian War (1796)
5899:Archduke John of Austria
5894:Prince von Schwarzenberg
5739:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
3628:Administrative divisions
3313:(in Swedish), Helsinki:
3279:(in Swedish), Helsinki:
3245:(in Swedish), Helsinki:
3208:(in Swedish), Helsinki:
3198:Reinhold Hausen (1916),
3113:Hornborg, Eirik (1955).
3081:Mattila, Tapani (1983).
2775:, pp. 232, 235â238.
2630:The Tales of Ensign StÄl
2456:Russia would create the
2300:Russian troops crossing
2215:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
1624:Jan Pieter van Suchtelen
1504:, Emperor of Russia and
834:SwedishâNovgorodian Wars
529:10,000 killed or wounded
6875:Khivan campaign of 1873
6726:Russo-Polish War (1792)
5834:Frederick VI of Denmark
5784:Jean-Baptiste BessiĂšres
4574:Greater Poland uprising
4397:Duc d'Enghien Execution
3459:Finland in World War II
3449:Independence of Finland
3050:10.1111/1467-9477.12048
3010:10.1111/1467-9477.12047
1534:. The king, who viewed
1229:Minor campaigns of 1815
532:7,000 killed or wounded
7472:Grand Duchy of Finland
7427:Wars involving Finland
7348:Western Libya campaign
7023:East Karelian uprising
6544:Wagner Group rebellion
6479:Uprising of Bolotnikov
5954:Ferdinand VII of Spain
4402:Coronation of Napoleon
3350:"The Union's Last War"
2524:
2458:Grand Duchy of Finland
2423:Treaty of Fredrikshamn
2418:
2417:Finnish War, aftermath
2374:
2332:Charles XIII of Sweden
2323:
2311:
2293:
2230:
2190:Battle of Grönvikssund
2101:
1986:
1975:Battle of Rimito Kramp
1935:Henrik Johan Nauckhoff
1830:Carl Johan Adlercreutz
1806:laid siege to Sveaborg
1789:
1722:
1682:crossed the border in
1675:
1605:Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt
1344:Grand Duchy of Finland
1327:
1311:
1122:First Serbian Uprising
283:Commanders and leaders
171:Grand Duchy of Finland
140:Treaty of Fredrikshamn
20:. For other uses, see
7432:Wars involving Sweden
7343:Intervention in Syria
7278:Tajikistani Civil War
6986:LithuanianâSoviet War
6927:Battle of Robat Karim
6376:Post-Soviet conflicts
6241:Conference of Dresden
6150:Paris (February 1812)
6079:SwedishâNorwegian War
5904:Alexander I of Russia
3108:37 (2015) 3: 519â539.
3077:17#4 (2004): 715â725.
2518:
2416:
2361:
2317:
2299:
2287:
2228:
2118:Eberhard von Vegesack
2062:Georg Carl von Döbeln
2029:AugustâSeptember 1808
1984:
1942:Eberhard von Vegesack
1787:
1713:
1686:and took the town of
1673:
1578:Imperial Russian Army
1557:In the meantime, the
1207:Swedish-Norwegian War
524:Casualties and losses
494:Eberhard von Vegesack
82:Battle of Koljonvirta
7326:Annexation of Crimea
7030:Central Asian Revolt
6939:UkrainianâSoviet War
6811:Russo-Circassian War
6494:Pugachev's Rebellion
6437:Russo-Ukrainian Wars
6381:Russian Armed Forces
6351:Early modern warfare
6195:Fontainebleau (1814)
5749:Louis-Nicolas Davout
4670:Invasion of Portugal
3989:World Heritage Sites
2469:constitution of 1772
2447:war on Great Britain
2202:Battle of Palva Sund
2000:Battle of Sandöström
1874:province of Russia.
1854:Johan August Sandels
1846:Johan Adam Cronstedt
1394:improve this article
1244:West Indies campaign
7386:Sphere of influence
7316:Russo-Ukrainian War
7173:First Indochina War
7146:SovietâJapanese War
7082:Xinjiang War (1937)
6951:Kazakhstan Campaign
6736:KoĆciuszko Uprising
6636:Second Northern War
6514:Coup attempt (1991)
6407:Soviet-Finnish wars
6221:Bourbon Restoration
5964:Maria I of Portugal
5949:Prince of Hohenlohe
5939:Gebhard von BlĂŒcher
4882:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
4189:Swiss Confederation
3083:Meri maamme turvana
2955:, pp. 311â312.
2931:, pp. 308â309.
2919:, pp. 287â298.
2907:, pp. 284â287.
2895:, pp. 281â283.
2883:, pp. 277â279.
2871:, pp. 279â280.
2859:, pp. 270â276.
2847:, pp. 266â269.
2835:, pp. 262â264.
2823:, pp. 258â262.
2811:, pp. 256â258.
2799:, pp. 245â248.
2763:, pp. 234â235.
2726:, pp. 228â230.
2714:, pp. 226â230.
2702:, pp. 223â226.
2690:, pp. 223â225.
2623:Sven Tuuva the Hero
2396:Gustav Wachtmeister
2249:and the other from
2086:Bogdan von Knorring
1810:Carl Olof Cronstedt
1801:Carl Olof Cronstedt
1562:attacked Copenhagen
1518:concluded the 1807
1360:Swedish royal house
1356:House of Bernadotte
477:Carl Olof Cronstedt
325:Bogdan von Knorring
80:(epic poem) at the
7376:Russian Revolution
7311:Russo-Georgian War
7293:Second Chechen War
7273:Georgian Civil War
6912:Russo-Japanese War
6664:Great Northern War
6562:Russo-Crimean Wars
6534:Second Chechen War
6432:Russo-Turkish wars
6427:Russo-Swedish wars
6417:Russo-Persian Wars
6402:Russo-Crimean Wars
6236:Continental System
6231:Congress of Erfurt
6155:Paris (March 1812)
5929:Peter Wittgenstein
5854:Duke of Wellington
5809:Prince Poniatowski
5774:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
5759:Auguste de Marmont
5154:Arroyo dos Molinos
5002:Walcheren Campaign
4992:Armistice of Znaim
4887:Dalmatian Campaign
4812:Tyrolean Rebellion
3782:Telecommunications
3422:Great Northern War
2972:on 2 December 2008
2525:
2443:Continental System
2419:
2375:
2324:
2312:
2308:Alexander Kotzebue
2294:
2231:
2056:(1 September) and
2015:Kristiinankaupunki
1987:
1906:port of Gothenburg
1790:
1723:
1676:
1532:Continental System
1348:Swedish parliament
1105:Franco-Swedish War
960:RussoâSwedish Wars
823:Russo-Swedish wars
313:Fyodor Buxhoeveden
46:Russo-Swedish wars
7417:Conflicts in 1809
7412:Conflicts in 1808
7394:
7393:
7283:First Chechen War
7238:SovietâAfghan War
7223:Angolan Civil War
6998:PolishâSoviet War
6956:Finnish Civil War
6934:Russian Civil War
6833:November Uprising
6771:Anglo-Russian War
6711:Bar Confederation
6524:First Chechen War
6504:Russian Civil War
6499:Decembrist revolt
6489:Bulavin Rebellion
6484:Razin's Rebellion
6467:
6466:
6422:Russo-Polish Wars
6390:Lists by opponent
6285:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6273:Types of military
6069:Russo-Turkish War
6064:Russo-Persian War
6032:Anglo-Turkish War
6027:Anglo-Swedish War
6022:Anglo-Spanish War
6017:Anglo-Russian War
5944:Duke of Brunswick
5847:political leaders
5727:political leaders
5711:
5710:
4716:Medina de Rioseco
4438:Haslach-Jungingen
4372:French Revolution
4349:
4348:
4132:Seventh Coalition
4044:
4043:
3997:
3996:
3800:
3799:
3708:
3707:
3690:Political parties
3643:Foreign relations
3610:
3609:
3096:978-951-99487-0-6
2206:landed in Finland
1930:Rudolf Cederström
1838:Battle of Revolax
1832:the Swedish army
1775:archipelago fleet
1666:FebruaryâMay 1808
1470:
1469:
1462:
1444:
1350:'s adoption of a
1332:Kingdom of Sweden
1320:Đ€ĐžĐœĐ»ŃĐœĐŽŃĐșĐ°Ń ĐČĐŸĐčĐœĐ°
1297:
1296:
1259:Adriatic campaign
1224:Waterloo campaign
1213:Seventh Coalition
1178:Anglo-Swedish War
1173:Austro-Polish War
1161:Anglo-Russian War
1149:Anglo-Turkish War
1117:Russo-Turkish War
1100:Russo-Persian War
1095:Anglo-Spanish War
1039:
1038:
787:
786:
538:
537:
437:Wilhelm Klingspor
181:
180:
169:, from which the
73:Battle of Oravais
68:Battle of Revolax
63:Siege of Sveaborg
7479:
7268:Transnistria War
7213:War of Attrition
7119:Continuation War
7068:
6860:January Uprising
6701:Seven Years' War
6601:Time of Troubles
6567:Russo-Kazan Wars
6412:Russo-Kazan Wars
6344:
6343:
6312:
6305:
6298:
6289:
6288:
6049:Dano-Swedish War
6037:Anglo-Danish War
5889:Archduke Charles
5804:JĂ©rĂŽme Bonaparte
5720:
5719:
5653:Castel di Sangro
5562:FĂšre-Champenoise
5215:GarcĂa HernĂĄndez
5129:Fuentes de Oñoro
4645:Guttstadt-Deppen
4382:Second Coalition
4360:
4359:
4341:French Royalists
4148:
4147:
4097:Fourth Coalition
4071:
4064:
4057:
4048:
4047:
4024:
4017:
4010:
3972:Independence Day
3962:National symbols
3811:
3810:
3719:
3718:
3621:
3620:
3513:Cities and towns
3506:
3505:
3491:Military history
3469:Continuation War
3380:
3373:
3366:
3357:
3356:
3333:
3299:
3265:
3228:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3157:
3151:
3143:
3124:
3100:
3062:
3061:
3033:
3022:
3021:
2993:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2601:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2587:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2544:
2344:Barclay de Tolly
2094:skirmish at Lövö
2047:Nikolay Kamensky
1799:) under Admiral
1720:Battle of Kuopio
1582:Saint Petersburg
1520:Treaty of Tilsit
1508:, King of Sweden
1495:
1486:
1465:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1443:
1402:
1378:
1370:
1352:new constitution
1321:
1202:Dano-Swedish War
1137:Dano-Swedish War
1111:Fourth Coalition
1078:
1076:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1043:
1042:
826:
824:
814:
807:
800:
791:
790:
574:
564:
557:
550:
541:
540:
492:
483:
475:
467:Georg von Döbeln
465:
455:
447:Carl Adlercreutz
445:
435:
423:
411:
395:
394:
383:
382:
371:
370:
361:Nikolay Kamensky
359:
358:
349:Barclay de Tolly
347:
346:
337:Alexey Arakcheev
335:
334:
323:
322:
311:
310:
297:
296:
272:
271:
250:
234:
233:
222:
221:
200:
199:
135:Russian victory
102:
101:
56:
44:and a series of
32:
31:
7487:
7486:
7482:
7481:
7480:
7478:
7477:
7476:
7447:1809 in Finland
7442:1808 in Finland
7422:Napoleonic Wars
7397:
7396:
7395:
7390:
7362:
7303:
7297:
7288:War of Dagestan
7062:
7035:August Uprising
6904:
6898:
6887:Boxer Rebellion
6855:Amur Annexation
6656:
6650:
6554:
6548:
6529:War of Dagestan
6509:August Uprising
6463:
6385:
6335:
6316:
6286:
6277:
6204:
6088:
6009:
6003:
5959:Miguel de Ălava
5924:Pyotr Bagration
5919:Count Bennigsen
5909:Mikhail Kutuzov
5874:Thomas Cochrane
5846:
5844:
5838:
5799:Louis Bonaparte
5726:
5724:
5723:French and ally
5707:
5591:
5507:ChĂąteau-Thierry
5470:
5334:
5305:Maloyaroslavets
5163:
5077:
5031:
4822:Yevenes/YĂ©benes
4780:
4696:Rosily Squadron
4674:
4598:
4564:Waren-Nossentin
4492:
4423:Cape Finisterre
4406:
4377:First Coalition
4355:
4345:
4252:
4245:
4156:
4152:
4143:
4137:
4125:Sixth Coalition
4111:Fifth Coalition
4090:Third Coalition
4080:
4078:Napoleonic Wars
4075:
4045:
4040:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3993:
3967:Public holidays
3879:
3796:
3704:
3668:Law enforcement
3606:
3495:
3427:The Great Wrath
3393:
3384:
3344:"The Final War"
3340:
3233:Gunnar Landtman
3192:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3164:
3162:Further reading
3145:
3144:
3140:
3097:
3070:
3065:
3034:
3025:
2994:
2985:
2975:
2973:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2951:
2947:
2939:
2935:
2927:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2903:
2899:
2891:
2887:
2879:
2875:
2867:
2863:
2855:
2851:
2843:
2839:
2831:
2827:
2819:
2815:
2807:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2783:
2779:
2771:
2767:
2759:
2752:
2742:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2722:
2718:
2710:
2706:
2698:
2694:
2686:
2682:
2674:
2670:
2662:
2658:
2650:
2643:
2639:
2597:
2592:
2590:
2583:
2578:
2576:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2550:
2534:
2513:
2485:Gustaf IV Adolf
2481:
2475:after the war.
2451:Treaty of Paris
2356:
2305:
2282:
2239:Gulf of Bothnia
2223:
2158:Baltiyskiy Port
2141:Gulf of Bothnia
2074:Pyotr Bagration
2066:Battle of Jutas
2031:
1926:Hangö Peninsula
1918:
1862:Nikolay Tuchkov
1747:Hangö Peninsula
1668:
1644:Gulf of Bothnia
1626:before General
1528:Gustav IV Adolf
1512:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1506:Gustav IV Adolf
1498:
1497:
1496:
1488:
1487:
1476:
1466:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1403:
1401:
1391:
1379:
1368:
1340:Napoleonic Wars
1300:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1235:
1196:Sixth Coalition
1167:Fifth Coalition
1089:Third Coalition
1079:
1075:Napoleonic Wars
1074:
1072:
1070:
1040:
1035:
827:
822:
820:
818:
788:
783:
575:
570:
568:
533:
518:
511:
498:
414:Gustav IV Adolf
401:
397:Nikolay Raevsky
389:
385:Pyotr Bagration
377:
365:
353:
341:
329:
317:
305:
291:
278:
266:
263:
258:
240:
228:
216:
213:
208:
194:
149:
126:
109:
96:
57:
42:Napoleonic Wars
28:
25:
12:
11:
5:
7485:
7475:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7457:1809 in Sweden
7454:
7452:1808 in Sweden
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7392:
7391:
7389:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7371:Russian Winter
7367:
7364:
7363:
7361:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7339:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7313:
7307:
7305:
7299:
7298:
7296:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7198:Vlora incident
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7149:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7137:
7136:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7110:
7109:
7099:
7094:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7026:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6989:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6968:
6963:
6961:Sochi conflict
6958:
6953:
6948:
6947:
6946:
6931:
6930:
6929:
6919:
6914:
6908:
6906:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6896:
6895:
6894:
6884:
6879:
6878:
6877:
6872:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6851:
6850:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6813:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6687:
6682:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6660:
6658:
6652:
6651:
6649:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6558:
6556:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6475:
6473:
6469:
6468:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6461:
6456:
6455:
6454:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6393:
6391:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6347:
6341:
6337:
6336:
6315:
6314:
6307:
6300:
6292:
6283:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6275:
6270:
6268:Longwood House
6265:
6264:
6263:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6212:
6210:
6206:
6205:
6203:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6096:
6094:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6045:
6044:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6013:
6011:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5974:Count of Feira
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5869:Horatio Nelson
5866:
5861:
5856:
5850:
5848:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5779:Marshal Victor
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5730:
5728:
5717:
5713:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5557:Arcis-sur-Aube
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5478:
5476:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5300:Venta del Pozo
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5175:Ciudad Rodrigo
5171:
5169:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5085:
5083:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5053:Ciudad Rodrigo
5050:
5045:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5027:Alba de Tormes
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4927:Aspern-Essling
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4529:JenaâAuerstedt
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4368:
4366:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4301:Ottoman Empire
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4261:United Kingdom
4257:
4255:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4231:Ottoman Empire
4228:
4226:DenmarkâNorway
4223:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4169:Polish Legions
4166:
4160:
4158:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4104:Peninsular War
4100:
4093:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4074:
4073:
4066:
4059:
4051:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4026:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3875:Welfare system
3872:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3828:Climate change
3825:
3820:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3772:Stock exchange
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3700:Prime Minister
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3567:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3550:
3545:
3543:National parks
3540:
3538:Municipalities
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3518:Extreme points
3515:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3481:Finlandization
3478:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3403:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3383:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3347:
3339:
3338:External links
3336:
3335:
3334:
3300:
3266:
3229:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3139:978-9188238917
3138:
3125:
3119:(in Swedish).
3110:
3101:
3095:
3078:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3044:(3): 238â254.
3023:
3004:(3): 217â237.
2983:
2957:
2953:Mattila (1983)
2945:
2941:Mattila (1983)
2933:
2929:Mattila (1983)
2921:
2917:Mattila (1983)
2909:
2905:Mattila (1983)
2897:
2893:Mattila (1983)
2885:
2881:Mattila (1983)
2873:
2869:Mattila (1983)
2861:
2857:Mattila (1983)
2849:
2845:Mattila (1983)
2837:
2833:Mattila (1983)
2825:
2821:Mattila (1983)
2813:
2809:Mattila (1983)
2801:
2797:Mattila (1983)
2789:
2785:Mattila (1983)
2777:
2773:Mattila (1983)
2765:
2761:Mattila (1983)
2750:
2728:
2724:Mattila (1983)
2716:
2712:Mattila (1983)
2704:
2700:Mattila (1983)
2692:
2688:Mattila (1983)
2680:
2678:, p. 222.
2676:Mattila (1983)
2668:
2666:, p. 226.
2664:Sandström 2008
2656:
2654:, p. 261.
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2617:Diet of Porvoo
2614:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2588:
2585:Finland portal
2574:
2558:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2512:
2509:
2497:Peninsular War
2480:
2477:
2379:James Saumarez
2355:
2352:
2281:
2278:
2222:
2219:
2133:Pyotr Khanykov
2030:
2027:
1940:Major General
1917:
1916:JuneâJuly 1808
1914:
1828:Under Colonel
1667:
1664:
1500:
1499:
1490:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1468:
1467:
1450:September 2020
1382:
1380:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1336:Russian Empire
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1219:Neapolitan War
1209:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1163:
1158:
1155:Peninsular War
1151:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1046:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
957:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
832:
829:
828:
817:
816:
809:
802:
794:
785:
784:
782:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
735:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
580:
577:
576:
567:
566:
559:
552:
544:
536:
535:
530:
526:
525:
521:
520:
513:
505:
504:
500:
499:
497:
496:
486:
469:
459:
449:
439:
429:
417:
404:
402:
400:
399:
387:
375:
363:
351:
339:
327:
315:
303:
288:
285:
284:
280:
279:
277:
276:
274:United Kingdom
259:
257:
256:
243:
241:
239:
238:
236:DenmarkâNorway
226:
209:
207:
206:
203:Russian Empire
191:
188:
187:
183:
182:
179:
178:
175:Russian Empire
165:and a part of
151:
145:
144:
143:
142:
132:
128:
127:
118:
116:
112:
111:
106:
98:
97:
95:
94:
84:
75:
70:
65:
59:
49:
48:
37:
36:
30:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7484:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7404:
7402:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7368:
7365:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7337:
7336:2022 invasion
7334:
7332:
7331:War in Donbas
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7318:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7308:
7306:
7300:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7168:Ili Rebellion
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7135:
7132:
7131:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7108:
7105:
7104:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7089:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7066:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6973:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6945:
6942:
6941:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6935:
6932:
6928:
6925:
6924:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6901:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6867:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6849:
6846:
6845:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6807:
6806:Caucasian War
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6661:
6659:
6653:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6551:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6470:
6460:
6457:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
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6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6394:
6392:
6388:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6348:
6345:
6342:
6338:
6333:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6313:
6308:
6306:
6301:
6299:
6294:
6293:
6290:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6209:Miscellaneous
6207:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6091:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6006:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
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5884:Manuel Lapeña
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5764:André Masséna
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5744:Joachim Murat
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4154:client states
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3762:Ship-building
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2652:Hornborg 1955
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2600:
2599:Sweden portal
2589:
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2572:
2571:Russia portal
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2511:Commemoration
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2408:final victory
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2336:Ă
land Islands
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2309:
2304:in March 1809
2303:
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2102:Lövön kahakka
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2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2007:
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1983:
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1963:
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1955:
1951:
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1911:
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1870:) within the
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1414:
1411: â
1410:
1409:"Finnish War"
1406:
1405:Find sources:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1383:This section
1381:
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1372:
1371:
1363:
1361:
1357:
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1333:
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1313:
1312:Finska kriget
1309:
1305:
1290:
1287:
1285:
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1280:
1277:
1275:
1274:Spice Islands
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land Islands
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457:Johan Sandels
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262:
261:Supported by:
255:
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249:
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237:
232:
227:
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224:French Empire
220:
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211:Supported by:
205:
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176:
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153:Sweden loses
152:
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55:
50:
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43:
38:
33:
23:
19:
7087:World War II
6775:
6611:Smolensk War
6577:Livonian War
6256:Grande Armée
6216:Bibliography
6200:Paris (1815)
6160:Paris (1814)
6145:Paris (1810)
6125:Finckenstein
6100:Campo Formio
6053:
5859:Rowland Hill
5845:military and
5725:military and
5698:Rocquencourt
5567:Saint-Dizier
5537:Bar-sur-Aube
5492:Mincio River
4987:Schöngrabern
4766:2nd Zaragoza
4706:1st Zaragoza
4660:Stralsund II
4509:Campo Tenese
4483:Schöngrabern
4468:Cape Ortegal
4418:Diamond Rock
4296:Papal States
4130:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4022:Bibliography
3939:The Kalevala
3938:
3913:Coat of arms
3898:Architecture
3833:Demographics
3757:Nordic model
3731:Central bank
3653:Human rights
3633:Constitution
3433:
3305:
3271:
3237:
3200:
3193:(in Russian)
3187:(in Russian)
3181:(in Russian)
3175:(in Russian)
3169:(in Russian)
3129:
3115:
3105:
3086:
3082:
3074:
3068:Bibliography
3041:
3037:
3001:
2997:
2974:. Retrieved
2970:the original
2960:
2948:
2936:
2924:
2912:
2900:
2888:
2876:
2864:
2852:
2840:
2828:
2816:
2804:
2792:
2780:
2768:
2741:. Retrieved
2731:
2719:
2707:
2695:
2683:
2671:
2659:
2628:
2621:
2551:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2490:
2482:
2455:
2436:
2432:VĂ€sterbotten
2430:
2420:
2393:
2376:
2372:VĂ€sterbotten
2348:
2340:
2325:
2271:
2266:
2236:
2232:
2211:
2197:
2194:landed again
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2152:
2146:
2136:
2130:
2122:Kristinestad
2113:
2106:
2093:
2090:
2078:
2051:
2032:
2022:
2014:
2011:Kristinestad
2008:
1995:
1988:
1971:
1957:
1950:Uusikaupunki
1949:
1939:
1919:
1904:entered the
1899:
1876:
1865:
1841:
1827:
1822:Baltic Fleet
1818:Swedish Navy
1814:
1796:
1791:
1779:
1758:
1750:
1742:
1734:
1724:
1699:
1691:
1677:
1659:
1651:
1639:
1632:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1597:Swedish Army
1594:
1590:
1575:
1556:
1513:
1456:
1447:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1404:
1392:Please help
1387:verification
1384:
1303:
1301:
1279:Indian Ocean
1211:
1194:
1187:
1165:
1153:
1143:
1127:English Wars
1109:
1087:
1030:
959:
958:
833:
737:
736:
692:Grönvikssund
652:Rimito Kramp
581:
571:
516:August 1808:
515:
509:August 1808:
508:
426:Charles XIII
424:
412:
373:Yakov Kulnev
298:
260:
251:
210:
201:
186:Belligerents
167:West Bothnia
161:, a part of
134:
40:Part of the
7407:Finnish War
7193:Vietnam War
7063: [
6922:World War I
6843:Crimean War
6776:Finnish War
6692:(1740â1748)
6681:(1733â1738)
6606:Ingrian War
6322:(including
6084:War of 1812
6042:Gunboat War
5999:Louis XVIII
5754:Jean Lannes
5668:Quatre Bras
5658:San Germano
5608:Occhiobello
5497:Champaubert
5487:La RothiĂšre
5411:San Marcial
5295:2nd Polotsk
5260:1st Polotsk
5245:Majadahonda
5185:Villagarcia
5114:Campo Maior
4902:Piave River
4827:Ciudad Real
4817:Villafranca
4686:Dos de Mayo
4635:Stralsund I
4387:18 Brumaire
4321:Netherlands
4219:WĂŒrttemberg
3726:Agriculture
3570:Urban areas
3474:Lapland War
3439:Grand Duchy
3434:Finnish War
2743:1 September
2473:repatriated
2462:Old Finland
2370:in Swedish
2280:Spring 1809
2221:Winter 1808
1996:Kemiönsaari
1962:The landing
1887:Fasta Ă
land
1872:Old Finland
1797:Suomenlinna
1739:Helsingfors
1718:during the
1700:HĂ€meenlinna
1516:Alexander I
1502:Alexander I
1362:, in 1818.
1328:Suomen sota
1304:Finnish War
1183:War of 1812
1144:Finnish War
1132:Gunboat War
1026:(1788â1790)
1021:(1741â1743)
1016:(1700â1721)
1011:(1656â1658)
1001:(1610â1617)
996:(1590â1595)
991:(1558â1583)
986:(1554â1557)
976:(1495â1497)
971:(1479â1482)
966:(1475â1476)
727:Koljonvirta
697:RuonaâSalmi
572:Finnish War
300:Alexander I
148:Territorial
86:Battles of
35:Finnish War
7401:Categories
7228:Ogaden War
7178:Korean War
7097:Winter War
6966:Heimosodat
6553:Tsardom of
6226:Casualties
6140:Schönbrunn
6115:Artlenburg
5864:John Moore
5769:Michel Ney
5638:Scapezzano
5628:Cesenatico
5572:Montmartre
5502:Montmirail
5436:Wartenburg
5391:GroĂbeeren
5250:Gorodechno
5240:Klyastitsy
5220:Saltanovka
5109:Casal Novo
4982:Hollabrunn
4967:Korneuburg
4761:Somosierra
4665:Copenhagen
4488:Austerlitz
4478:DĂŒrenstein
4214:Westphalia
4157:and allies
3933:Literature
3848:Healthcare
3685:Parliament
3648:Government
3464:Winter War
3417:Cudgel War
3407:Prehistory
3297:Q113396158
3263:Q113524564
3226:Q113396242
2637:References
2521:Suonenjoki
2493:John Moore
2438:Norrbotten
2322:, Finland.
2288:Arrest of
2274:Arakcheyev
2265:(Finnish:
2147:Implacable
2126:Björneborg
2112:(Finnish:
2110:Björneborg
2082:Dolgorukov
2021:(Finnish:
2013:(Finnish:
1994:(Finnish:
1948:(Finnish:
1902:John Moore
1842:Revonlahti
1840:(Finnish:
1795:(Finnish:
1757:(Finnish:
1749:(Finnish:
1741:(Finnish:
1733:(Finnish:
1698:(Finnish:
1696:Tavastehus
1690:(Finnish:
1684:Ahvenkoski
1658:(Finnish:
1650:(Finnish:
1638:(Finnish:
1570:Baltic Sea
1559:Royal Navy
1540:Antichrist
1472:See also:
1420:newspapers
1366:Background
1358:, the new
759:SkellefteÄ
717:Palva Sund
682:NummijÀrvi
657:Sandöström
642:Kokonsaari
78:Sven Dufva
18:Winter War
6848:Ă
land War
6816:Murid War
6655:18thâ19th
6190:Casalanza
6165:Tauroggen
6120:Pressburg
6105:Lunéville
6010:conflicts
5843:Coalition
5693:La Suffel
5643:Tolentino
5527:Montereau
5512:Vauchamps
5461:Bornhöved
5416:Dennewitz
5361:Tarragona
5310:Chashniki
5210:Salamanca
5134:Tarragona
5058:Barquilla
5012:Almonacid
4972:Stockerau
4942:Stralsund
4912:2nd Porto
4892:Ebelsberg
4862:Abensberg
4832:1st Porto
4792:CastellĂłn
4776:Benavente
4741:Valmaseda
4655:Friedland
4650:Heilsberg
4620:OstroĆÄka
4610:Mohrungen
4544:Magdeburg
4473:Amstetten
4458:Trafalgar
4443:Elchingen
4428:Wertingen
4326:Brunswick
4251:Coalition
3957:Mythology
3853:Languages
3838:Education
3792:Transport
3695:President
3658:Judiciary
3638:Elections
3595:JyvÀskylÀ
3548:Provinces
3501:Geography
3454:Civil War
3331:Q65529946
3323:0039-6842
3289:0039-6842
3255:0039-6842
3218:0039-6842
3148:cite book
3121:Stockholm
3058:1467-9477
3018:1467-9477
2612:Ă
land War
2523:, Finland
2466:Gustavian
2384:Kronstadt
2290:Gustav IV
2259:Stockholm
2198:Lokalahti
2137:Chanikoff
1727:Svartholm
1031:(1808â09)
924:1350â1351
919:1348â1349
914:1338â1339
909:1321â1323
899:1311â1314
894:1300â1301
889:1293â1295
884:1283â1284
879:1256â1257
874:1249â1250
864:1236â1237
854:1227â1228
764:Hörnefors
687:LappfjÀrd
667:Kauhajoki
662:PÀlkjÀrvi
637:Lintulaks
627:Nykarleby
592:Siikajoki
7381:Cold War
7243:Gulf War
6599:and the
6472:Internal
6328:Imperial
6261:Uniforms
6175:Chaumont
6093:Treaties
5794:Joseph I
5734:Napoleon
5678:Waterloo
5618:Casaglia
5582:Toulouse
5466:Sehested
5441:Bidassoa
5421:2nd Kulm
5406:1st Kulm
5396:Katzbach
5386:Sorauren
5381:Pyrenees
5346:Castalla
5330:Berezina
5320:Smoliani
5290:Tarutino
5275:Borodino
5265:Valutino
5255:Smolensk
5225:Ostrovno
5195:Maguilla
5159:Valencia
5149:Saguntum
4997:Talavera
4877:Ratisbon
4867:Landshut
4842:Bergisel
4837:MedellĂn
4751:Espinosa
4711:Valencia
4584:Czarnowo
4554:Pasewalk
4549:Prenzlau
4524:Saalfeld
4463:Caldiero
4433:GĂŒnzburg
4311:Sardinia
4286:Portugal
4031:Category
3928:Folklore
3870:Religion
3818:Abortion
3777:Taxation
3767:Startups
3747:Industry
3673:Military
3616:Politics
3602:Wildlife
3575:Helsinki
3391:articles
3327:Wikidata
3293:Wikidata
3259:Wikidata
3235:(1940),
3222:Wikidata
2557:See also
2479:Analysis
2435:, today
2388:Porkkala
2320:Björköby
2245:towards
2064:won the
2054:Kuortane
2023:Kaskinen
1891:Kumlinge
1883:flotilla
1793:Sveaborg
1743:Helsinki
1707:attack.
1648:UleÄborg
1646:towards
1564:and the
1536:Napoleon
1524:Napoleon
1334:and the
1284:2nd Java
1264:1st Java
722:Helsinge
712:Lokalaks
677:Karstula
612:Kumlinge
607:Pulkkila
602:Sveaborg
587:PyhÀjoki
503:Strength
115:Location
7321:Outline
7304:century
6905:century
6657:century
6340:Related
6324:Tsarist
6008:Related
5587:Bayonne
5552:Craonne
5522:Mormant
5482:Brienne
5456:Nivelle
5446:Leipzig
5401:Dresden
5371:Vitoria
5356:Bautzen
5325:Krasnoi
5270:Mesoten
5230:Vitebsk
5190:Almaraz
5180:Badajoz
5139:Albuera
5124:Almeida
5119:Sabugal
5104:Redinha
5094:Barrosa
5073:Bussaco
5068:Almeida
5048:Astorga
5017:Tamames
4977:Gefrees
4932:Alcañiz
4872:EckmĂŒhl
4802:Corunna
4771:SahagĂșn
4736:Zornoza
4731:Vimeiro
4701:CabezĂłn
4625:Kolberg
4594:PuĆtusk
4589:Golymin
4579:Hamelin
4559:Stettin
4519:Schleiz
4364:Prelude
4356:battles
4331:Hanover
4276:Prussia
4266:Austria
4204:Bavaria
4184:Etruria
4179:Holland
4151:France,
4144:gerents
4008:Outline
3918:Cuisine
3885:Culture
3863:Swedish
3858:Finnish
3806:Society
3787:Tourism
3714:Economy
3580:Tampere
3553:Regions
3528:Islands
3523:Geology
3399:History
3387:Finland
2537:1 krona
2302:Kvarken
2176:Goliath
2164:Victory
2153:Centaur
2098:Finnish
2070:Oravais
2043:Mikkeli
2039:Tampere
1922:Gotland
1879:Gotland
1704:Savolax
1692:Loviisa
1636:Savolax
1586:Finland
1552:Denmark
1544:Britain
1538:as the
1434:scholar
1324:Finnish
1316:Russian
1308:Swedish
749:Bothnia
744:Gotland
707:Oravais
597:Revolax
582:Finland
479: (
163:Lapland
155:Finland
150:changes
120:Finland
6631:Deluge
6555:Russia
6334:times)
6332:Soviet
6320:Russia
6185:Mantua
6135:Cintra
6130:Tilsit
6110:Amiens
5648:Ancona
5633:Pesaro
5603:Panaro
5532:Orthez
5517:Garris
5431:RoĂlau
5426:Göhrde
5366:Luckau
5351:LĂŒtzen
5315:Vyazma
5285:Burgos
5280:Moscow
5235:Kobryn
5144:Usagre
5099:Pombal
5089:Gebora
4962:Wagram
4922:Tarvis
4897:Girona
4857:Raszyn
4847:Sacile
4756:Tudela
4746:Burgos
4726:Roliça
4721:Bailén
4640:Mileto
4630:Danzig
4569:LĂŒbeck
4534:Erfurt
4453:Verona
4336:Nassau
4316:Sweden
4306:Persia
4291:Sicily
4271:Russia
4253:forces
4236:Persia
4209:Saxony
4194:Naples
4164:France
4142:Belli-
4036:Portal
3908:Cinema
3893:Anthem
3745:
3736:Energy
3565:Rivers
3389:
3329:
3321:
3295:
3287:
3261:
3253:
3224:
3216:
3136:
3093:
3056:
3016:
2976:4 July
2548:Legacy
2267:Tornio
2263:TorneÄ
2182:Africa
2179:, and
2135:(also
2017:) and
1992:Kimito
1952:) and
1946:Nystad
1867:Hamina
1858:Kuopio
1771:Kuopio
1735:Porvoo
1716:Kuopio
1688:Lovisa
1654:) and
1548:France
1436:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1407:
1006:(1656)
981:(1499)
738:Sweden
672:Alavus
617:Kuopio
519:36,000
512:55,000
253:Sweden
131:Result
124:Sweden
7067:]
6251:Films
5683:Wavre
5673:Ligny
5663:Gaeta
5623:Ronco
5613:Carpi
5577:Paris
5547:Reims
5451:Hanau
5043:CĂĄdiz
5022:Ocaña
5007:Ălper
4952:MarĂa
4917:Wörgl
4907:GrijĂł
4807:Valls
4797:Uclés
4691:Bruch
4615:Eylau
4539:Halle
4514:Maida
4504:Gaeta
4354:Major
4281:Spain
4241:Spain
4174:Italy
4015:Index
3984:Sport
3979:Sauna
3952:Music
3947:Media
3843:Finns
3823:Crime
3585:Turku
3558:Ă
land
3533:Lakes
3085:[
2505:Hangö
2501:SkÄne
2427:Torne
2404:Ratan
2400:SĂ€var
2366:near
2364:Ratan
2255:Ă
land
2058:Salmi
2019:Kaskö
1910:Spain
1895:Ă
land
1763:Ă
land
1759:Turku
1751:Hanko
1731:BorgÄ
1660:Vaasa
1522:with
1441:JSTOR
1427:books
779:PiteÄ
774:Ratan
769:SĂ€var
754:Kalix
702:Jutas
647:Lapua
632:Vaasa
159:Ă
land
92:Ratan
88:SĂ€var
7302:21st
6903:20th
6330:and
6180:Kiel
6170:Ried
5716:Info
5703:Issy
5596:1815
5542:Laon
5475:1814
5339:1813
5205:Ekau
5168:1812
5082:1811
5036:1810
4957:Graz
4947:Raab
4785:1809
4679:1808
4603:1807
4497:1806
4411:1805
3923:Flag
3678:NATO
3590:Oulu
3319:ISSN
3285:ISSN
3251:ISSN
3214:ISSN
3154:link
3134:ISBN
3091:ISBN
3054:ISSN
3014:ISSN
2978:2019
2745:2017
2402:and
2368:UmeÄ
2328:coup
2247:UmeÄ
2243:Vasa
2170:Mars
2162:HMS
2150:and
2145:HMS
2114:Pori
2035:Pori
1967:Vasa
1958:Lemu
1767:Vasa
1656:Vasa
1652:Oulu
1640:Savo
1542:and
1413:news
1302:The
954:1448
949:1444
944:1411
939:1399
934:1396
929:1395
904:1318
869:1240
859:1229
849:1187
844:1164
839:1142
622:Lemo
122:and
105:Date
90:and
5200:Mir
5063:CĂŽa
4448:Ulm
3903:Art
3663:Law
3046:doi
3006:doi
2269:).
2253:to
2251:Ă
bo
1954:Ă
bo
1755:Ă
bo
1396:by
482:POW
7403::
7065:ru
6326:,
3325:,
3317:,
3309:,
3291:,
3283:,
3275:,
3257:,
3249:,
3241:,
3220:,
3212:,
3204:,
3150:}}
3146:{{
3052:.
3042:38
3040:.
3026:^
3012:.
3002:38
3000:.
2986:^
2753:^
2644:^
2507:.
2173:,
2167:,
2100::
1937:.
1860:.
1729:.
1326::
1322:,
1318::
1314:,
1310::
157:,
6311:e
6304:t
6297:v
4070:e
4063:t
4056:v
3379:e
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