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The organisers used French terms to designate the regional territories within the kingdom: departments received names based on watercourses (Elbe, Saale, Weser, Fulda, Leine, Oker) and mountains (Harz), regardless of their traditional names. These departments were generally composed of territories
718:
and gave everyone equal rights and the right to a jury trial. In 1808 the kingdom passed
Germany's first laws granting Jews equal rights, thereby providing a model for reform in the other German states. Westphalia seemed to be progressive in immediately enacting and enforcing the new reforms.
853:
While administrative divisions (departments, districts and cantons) were certainly less unequal than the previous territorial divisions, uniformity does not appear to have been a determining factor in their creation. The desire to break from the past, and not just from the random territorial
813:
was promulgated on 15 November and enacted by King Jérôme on 7 December 1807, the day after he had arrived in Cassel, making
Westphalia the first monarchy in Germany with a modern-style constitution. The constitution made all male residents citizens with equal rights. Thus
892:
905:, became its consistorial president, assisted by a board of officers. Jacobson did his best to exercise a reforming influence upon the various congregations of the country. He opened a house of prayer in Cassel, with a ritual similar to that introduced in
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surrounded Cassel, defeated the French completely, and took the city. By
October 1 they had conquered the whole kingdom, but three days later Jérôme returned with French soldiers and managed to recapture Cassel. The
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divisions of the former manorial justices, especially influenced the cantonal distribution. Just as before the conquest, freedom of expression remained curtailed and
2164:
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Todorov, N. P. (2012). "The
Napoleonic Administrative System in the Kingdom of Westphalia". In Broers, Michael; Hicks, Peter; Guimera, Agustin (eds.).
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703:, but this was a misnomer since the kingdom had little territory in common with that area. The region mostly covered territory formerly known as
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The country was relatively poor but
Napoleon demanded heavy taxes and payments and conscripted soldiers. Few of the men who
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A significant burden on the kingdom was the requirement to supply troops and financial support for the
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on 19 October 1813, the
Russians dissolved the kingdom and restored the status quo of 1806 except for
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in present-day
Germany that existed from 1807 to 1813. While formally independent, it was ruled by
82:
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987:
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794:) then fulfilled the same function for Westphalia, and the king kept the court at the palace of
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1978:
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The
Kingdom of Westphalia was created by Napoleon in 1807 by merging territories ceded by the
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The arms reflect the incorporated territories. The first quarter shows the silver horse of
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1034:. Above is Napoleon's star. Typical of Napoleonic heraldry are the crossed sceptres.
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arrived soon after and the
Russians besieged the city again. After France lost the
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Location of the
Kingdom of Westphalia within the Confederation of the Rhine in 1808
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itself, the Westphalian departments were relatively small and sparsely populated.
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Following the French example, Jewish congregations were reorganised and a
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was instituted. In December 1810 the coastal and northern départements
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returned. The kingdom was bankrupt by 1812. When Napoleon was
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Corpus juris of the Kingdom of Westphalia (constitution etc.)
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The Napoleonic Empire and the New European Political Culture
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Former states and territories of North Rhine-Westphalia
1056:, prominent court musician of the Kingdom of Westphalia
798:, renamed Napoleonshöhe. The state was a member of the
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taken from a number of petty states. Compared to the
927:. Large numbers of Westphalian troops fought in the
738:. Most of the reforms, however, remained in place.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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897:) supervising them was established. The former
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888:Royal Westphalian Consistory of the Israelites
2195:States and territories disestablished in 1813
2170:Former states and territories of Lower Saxony
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2190:States and territories established in 1807
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1401:Europe at the height of Napoleon's Empire
728:retreating in the face of Allied advances
724:marched into Russia with Napoleon in 1812
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2160:States of the Confederation of the Rhine
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842:of weights and measures was introduced.
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730:in 1813, the kingdom was overrun by the
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805:Since it was intended as a Napoleonic "
478:45,427 km (17,539 sq mi)
470:63,652 km (24,576 sq mi)
462:37,883 km (14,627 sq mi)
2175:Former states and territories of Hesse
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647:Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
592:Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
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2185:Client states of the Napoleonic Wars
208:for 'Character and Honesty')
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1108:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 175.
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874:) were ceded to the French Empire.
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250:Recognised regional languages
14:
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219:The Kingdom of Westphalia in 1812
2145:1813 disestablishments in Europe
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1024:Order of the Crown of Westphalia
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34:needs additional citations for
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2140:1807 establishments in Europe
1077:Napoleon's satellite kingdoms
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901:merchant and man of letters,
830:was enacted, doing away with
1022:. Around the shield are the
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200:Character und Aufrichtigkeit
7:
2200:Former monarchies of Europe
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377:Joseph Jérôme, Comte Siméon
10:
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1682:Confederation of the Rhine
1433:Confederation of the Rhine
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1488:Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck
1074:Connelly, Owen (1966).
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321:Constitutional monarchy
58:"Kingdom of Westphalia"
1049:Province of Westphalia
975:
909:. Napoléon's infamous
899:Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
780:Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
751:
199:
143:
130:Royaume de Ouestphalie
129:
986:over the counties of
974:
848:departments of France
749:
710:Napoleon imposed the
699:. It was named after
681:Kingdom of Westphalia
564:Electorate of Hanover
261:Common languages
144:Königreich Westphalen
125:Kingdom of Westphalia
2116:51.31000°N 9.50000°E
1953:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
1948:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1178:French Revolutionary
961:Stolberg-Wernigerode
427:Constitution adopted
43:improve this article
2112: /
1383:Swiss Confederation
1044:Duchy of Westphalia
938:In September 1813,
784:Electorate of Hesse
619:Electorate of Hesse
578:Electorate of Hesse
16:Former German state
1541:Lucca and Piombino
976:
933:Battle of Borodino
786:. Hesse's capital
772:Brunswick-Lüneburg
764:Duchy of Magdeburg
756:Kingdom of Prussia
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633:Kingdom of Prussia
605:Kingdom of Hanover
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372:• 1807–1813
342:• 1807–1813
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818:were liberated,
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925:Napoleonic wars
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903:Israel Jacobson
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828:Napoleonic code
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1867:Saxon duchies
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1801:Grand Duchies
1799:
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1571:Mediterranean
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1471:
1469:
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1428:Aschaffenburg
1426:
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1417:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1384:
1381:
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1376:
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1334:
1328:
1325:
1323:
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1300:
1298:
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1265:
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1211:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1174:Client states
1168:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1154:
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1098:
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1087:9780029066003
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950:
946:
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926:
916:
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912:décret infâme
908:
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840:metric system
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748:
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733:
729:
725:
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673:
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668:Today part of
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233:French Empire
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99:November 2011
91:
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2097:
1974:Hohenzollern
1857:Pre-existing
1791:
1497:
1322:Transpadania
1105:
1076:
1069:
1027:
977:
967:Coat of arms
949:Hesse-Kassel
937:
922:
910:
881:
867:
859:
852:
844:
804:
796:Wilhelmshöhe
791:
766:west of the
753:
721:
709:
685:client state
680:
678:
546:Succeeded by
545:
540:
513:• 1812
503:• 1810
493:• 1809
229:Client state
196:Motto:
195:
187:Coat of arms
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2119: /
2043:Schwarzburg
1984:Sigmaringen
1719:Württemberg
1684:(1806–1813)
1594:Netherlands
1508:Württemberg
1355:Switzerland
1337:Netherlands
1297:Parthenopea
1184:(1792–1815)
1054:Karl Keller
1028:Grand Aigle
891: [
807:model state
770:river, the
695:'s brother
541:Preceded by
419:7 July 1807
387:Legislature
297:Lutheranism
2134:Categories
2107:09°30′00″E
2104:51°18′36″N
2088:until 1811
2082:until 1809
2079:until 1810
2048:Rudolstadt
2021:Lobenstein
1844:Regensburg
1792:Westphalia
1556:Pontecorvo
1498:Westphalia
1473:Regensburg
1409:Napoleonic
1312:Subalpinia
1272:Cispadania
1267:Cisalpinia
1061:References
1020:Lauterburg
996:Ziegenhain
980:Westphalia
884:Consistory
870:(capital:
868:Lower Elbe
862:(capital:
856:censorship
836:capitalism
782:, and the
705:Eastphalia
701:Westphalia
483:Population
317:Government
309:(minority)
276:(official)
255:Low German
69:newspapers
2085:from 1809
2076:from 1810
2011:Ebersdorf
1979:Hechingen
1958:Oldenburg
1890:Meiningen
1813:Frankfurt
1458:Frankfurt
1412:creations
1317:Tiberinia
1193:republics
1008:Brunswick
1004:Magdeburg
872:Lunenburg
742:Formation
517:2,065,970
507:2,600,000
497:1,950,724
302:Calvinism
285:Religion
160:1807–1813
1991:Isenburg
1943:Arenberg
1926:Bernburg
1900:Eisenach
1818:Würzburg
1785:Kingdoms
1702:Kingdoms
1694:Napoleon
1513:Würzburg
1373:Rauracia
1363:Helvetia
1302:Piedmont
1226:Connacht
1038:See also
1016:Lüneburg
1012:Diepholz
957:Rietberg
736:Prussian
693:Napoleon
526:Currency
2060:Waldeck
2026:Schleiz
1749:Duchies
1709:Bavaria
1600:Holland
1561:Tuscany
1531:Etruria
1503:Wetzlar
1443:Bavaria
1420:Germany
1368:Lemania
1345:Batavia
1287:Liguria
1262:Brescia
1257:Bologna
1252:Bergamo
1220:Ireland
1202:Germany
1176:of the
1030:of the
945:Elector
776:Hanover
758:in the
672:Germany
438:•
425:•
412:•
307:Judaism
239:Capital
231:of the
83:scholar
1936:Köthen
1931:Dessau
1921:Anhalt
1895:Weimar
1859:states
1756:Nassau
1714:Saxony
1621:Danzig
1616:Warsaw
1608:Poland
1551:Naples
1493:Saxony
1453:Erfurt
1378:Valais
1327:Venice
1247:Ancona
1191:Sister
1112:
1084:
907:Seesen
866:) and
832:guilds
824:socage
822:, and
792:Kassel
788:Cassel
732:Allies
689:France
683:was a
362:
332:
273:French
268:German
243:Kassel
225:Status
206:German
151:German
147:
137:French
133:
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2016:Greiz
2006:Reuss
1839:Leyen
1740:Hesse
1735:Baden
1637:Spain
1631:Spain
1584:Egypt
1579:Malta
1536:Italy
1523:Italy
1468:Leyen
1463:Hesse
1438:Baden
1292:Lucca
1282:Italy
1277:Crema
1234:Italy
1210:Mainz
992:Nidda
988:Dietz
984:Hesse
895:]
864:Stade
860:North
816:serfs
716:serfs
90:JSTOR
76:books
2033:Salm
1808:Berg
1478:Salm
1448:Berg
1307:Rome
1242:Alba
1180:and
1110:ISBN
1082:ISBN
1018:and
998:and
959:and
878:Jews
838:. A
778:and
768:Elbe
679:The
475:1812
467:1810
459:1809
454:Area
328:King
175:Flag
62:news
1692:by
947:of
809:",
687:of
45:by
2136::
1096:^
1014:,
1010:,
994:,
990:,
935:.
893:he
802:.
707:.
1673:e
1666:t
1659:v
1166:e
1159:t
1152:v
1118:.
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886:(
204:(
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149:(
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135:(
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106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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