1087:. The containers arrive at a port by truck, rail, or another ship and are stacked in the port's storage area. When the vessel that will be transporting them arrives, the containers it is offloading are unloaded by a crane. The containers either leave the port by truck or rail or are stored until they are placed on another ship. Once the ship is offloaded, the containers it leaves with are brought to the dock by truck. A crane lifts the containers from the trucks onto the ship. As the containers pile up on the ship, the workers connect them to the vessel and the other already-placed containers. The jobs involved include the crane operators, the workers who connect the containers to the ship and each other, the truck drivers who transport the containers from the dock and storage area, the workers who track the containers in the storage area as they are loaded and unloaded, as well as various supervisors. Those workers at the port who handle and move the containers are likely to be considered stevedores or dockworkers.
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1033:. In addition, workers must be physically strong and able to follow orders attentively. Many longshoremen are needed to unload a ship successfully. A ship can only be at a port for a limited amount of time, so their work must be completed quickly.
350:, leading to increased trade volumes and the need for more efficient handling of cargo. Dockworkers organized into unions to protect worker rights and improve working conditions, leading to the formation of organizations such as the
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274:
Dockworkers, also known as longshoremen and stevedores, have existed since ancient times. The role of dockworkers has evolved significantly over the centuries as maritime trade has grown and modernized:
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1133:
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2332:
Velasco e Cruz, Maria Cecília (2006). "Puzzling Out Slave
Origins in Rio de Janeiro Port Unionism: The 1906 Strike and the Sociedade de Resistência dos Trabalhadores em Trapiche e Café".
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Loading and unloading ships requires knowledge of the operation of loading equipment, the proper techniques for lifting and stowing
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The material from
Malcolm Johnson's investigative series was fictionalized and used as a basis for the influential film
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Traditionally, stevedores had no fixed job but would arrive at the docks in the morning seeking employment for the day.
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1234:
2305:"The 1911 Waterfront Strikes in Glasgow: Trade Unions and Rank-and-File Militancy in the Labour Unrest of 1910–1914"
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1316:– Canadian former government minister and conservative party leader (a stevedore for two summers while a teenager)
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324:, a powerful trading confederation in Northern Europe, employed dockworkers to handle goods at major ports like
250:, is used. Before the extensive use of container ships and shore-based handling machinery in the United States,
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1094:, a tool which became emblematic of the profession (mainly on the west coast of the United States and Canada).
2122:
Herbert, Daniel (2012). "'It Is What It Is': The Wire and the
Politics of Anti-Allegorical Television Drama".
1767:"The position of dockers and sailors in 1897 and the International Federation of Ship, Dock and River Workers"
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2254:"Class and Industrial Relations in Britain: The 'Long' Mid-century and the Case of Port Transport, 1920–70"
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2004:
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nominations and won eight, including Best
Picture, Best Actor for Brando, Best Supporting Actress for
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2196:
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Land, Isaac (2007). "Liberty on the
Waterfront: American Maritime Culture in the Age of Revolution".
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1341:, Argentina. His works reflect the work at the docks in La Boca, a portuary district of Buenos Aires.
701:
1445:, which first aired in 2003, the Stevedore Union and its members working in Baltimore, particularly
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as a longshoreman, and the working conditions on the docks figure significantly in the film's plot.
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Container
Terminals and Cargo Systems: Design, Operations Management, and Logistics Control Issues
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1068:) set down to keep the cargo out of any water that might be lying in the hold or are placed as
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Safford, Jeffrey J. (2008). "The
Pacific Coast Maritime Strike of 1936: Another View".
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The Box, How the
Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger
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Seated by the Sea: The
Maritime History of Portland, Maine, and Its Irish Longshoremen
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The
Ancient Mariners: Seafarers and Sea Fighters of the Mediterranean in Ancient Times
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all relied on dockworkers to load and unload cargo from ships at port cities such as
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revolution, the required number of dockworkers declined by over 90% since the 1960s.
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1895:"Uniform Containerization of Freight: Early Steps in the Evolution of an Idea".
1638:"Modern Greek Verbs – στοιβάζω, στοίβαξα, στοιβάχτηκα, στοιβαγμένος – I pile up"
191:(though there is a secondary meaning of "a man who stuffs" in Spanish); compare
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ranked it the 8th-greatest American movie of all time in 1997 and 19th in 2007.
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206:. In Ancient and Modern Greek, the verb στοιβάζω (stivazo) means pile up. In
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Workers on the Waterfront: Seamen, Longshoremen, and Unionism in the 1930s
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was seen, a result of improved technology and liberalized trade treaties.
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Citizen Docker: Making a New Deal on the Vancouver Waterfront, 1919–1939
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Waterfront Workers of New Orleans: Race, Class, and Politics, 1863–1923
2027:"Peter MacKay learned to appreciate Arctic life working as a stevedore"
1918:
1841:. By Kap Hwan Kim (Editor), Hans-Otto Günther (Editor). Springer. 2007.
1404:
1266:
1219: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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2005:"British History in depth: Banners of the British Labour Movement"
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Ports of Trade: Al Mina and Geometric Greek Pottery in the Levant
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211:
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2179:
On Durban's Docks: Zulu Workers, Rural Households, Global Labor
2068:
Epstein, Arthur D. (1965). "A Look at A View from the Bridge".
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833:
581:
329:
317:
299:
287:
239:
160:
1656:"Stevedores – definition of stevedores by The Free Dictionary"
1507:
History of Squamish and Tsleil-Waututh longshoremen, 1863–1963
1298:– American businessman and grandfather of 35th U.S. President
124:
1026:
484:
479:
316:, dockworkers played a crucial role in the trade networks of
192:
152:
2187:
Waterfront Revolts: New York and London Dockworkers, 1946–61
139:
1428:(1955) also deals with the troubled life of a longshoreman.
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was a critical and commercial success that received twelve
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87:
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Before containerization, freight was often handled with a
2008:
1436:
130:
2376:"The Irish on the Docks of Portland" by Michael Connolly
1179:
Strong tidal current, loading work in adverse conditions
1418:
was involved in the early stages of the development of
1347:– blue-collar intellectual and sociologist, founder of
1600:
The International Institute of Marine Surveying (IIMS)
1596:"Stevedoring & The Role of Stevedores in Shipping"
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Dock workers have been a prominent part of the modern
214:, people who load and unload ships are usually called
2087:
Warren, Kenneth W. (2011). "Sociology and The Wire".
133:
118:
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Seafarers, Merchants, and Pirates in the Middle Ages
1457:
1105:, while in the United States, it was referred to as
136:
127:
121:
2227:
New York Longshoremen: Class and Power on the Docks
115:
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1978:
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1449:, figure prominently in the second season's story.
1262:International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU)
360:: The latter 20th century saw the introduction of
1980:"The 'Shape-Up' on Piers Gives Way to 'Show- Up'"
1167:Dockworkers on the containers in the ship's hatch
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1619:
2121:
2052:
1941:BFI Film and TV Database, London Dockers (1964)
1048:. Securely tying up parcels of goods is called
254:referred exclusively to the dockworkers, while
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1307:– British trade unionist and organizer of the
372:
1865:
1613:
1006:
1512:International Longshore and Warehouse Union
1286:– Prime Minister of New Zealand (1940-1949)
1247:Former stevedores and dockworkers include:
1036:In earlier days before the introduction of
1623:A Treatise on the Law of Merchant Shipping
1368:for a 24-part investigative series titled
1280:– British dock workers' trade union leader
1013:
999:
58:Dockers load bagged cargo onto a barge in
2322:
1693:The Ancient Shore: Dispatches from Naples
1502:Federated Ship Painters and Dockers Union
1235:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Occupation of loading and unloading ships
2251:
2168:
2070:Texas Studies in Literature and Language
352:International Longshoremen's Association
53:
29:
2279:
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1143:with cranes (floating derricks) at port
987:London Maritime Arbitrators Association
14:
2383:
2310:International Review of Social History
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2021:
1735:
1720:
1705:
1626:. W. Maxwell & Son. pp. 387–.
1184:
942:International Convention on Load Lines
262:, worked on the ships operating their
38:dock load barrels onto a barge on the
2224:
2184:
1750:
1594:Khan, Khalil U. (15 September 2014).
1354:
185:a man who loads ships and stows cargo
86:manual laborer who loads and unloads
2356:"Longshore Workers and Their Unions"
2193:
1976:
1959:. Random House Unabridged Dictionary
1593:
1217:adding citations to reliable sources
1188:
1155:A container is lifted from the deck.
187:, which was the original meaning of
2335:Hispanic American Historical Review
1859:
1587:
1518:Liverpool dockers' strike (1995–98)
977:International Maritime Organization
932:Ballast Water Management Convention
898:International Convention on Salvage
779:The captain goes down with the ship
24:
2361:Waterfront Workers History Project
2153:
2124:Quarterly Review of Film and Video
25:
2402:
2369:
2261:Twentieth Century British History
2181:. University of Rochester Press.
1751:Meier, Dirk (October 15, 2009).
1674:"America on the Move collection"
1539:Scottish Union of Dock Labourers
1534:National Union of Dock Labourers
1524:Mersey Docks and Harbour Company
1460:
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1079:Today, the vast majority of non-
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111:
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2015:
1997:
1977:Blum, Howard (March 13, 1978).
1970:
1945:
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1204:needs additional citations for
427:Ordinamenta et consuetudo maris
2173:. University Press of Florida.
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1560:
1492:Dockers Union (disambiguation)
1029:, and the correct handling of
13:
1:
2303:Vaughan Wilson, Matt (2008).
2169:Connolly, Michael C. (2010).
2057:. Cambridge University Press.
1554:
1322:– labor historian, author of
1296:Patrick Joseph "P.J." Kennedy
1101:dockers called this practice
982:Comité Maritime International
948:International Regulations for
904:United Nations Convention on
95:intermodal shipping container
47:
950:Preventing Collisions at Sea
100:
7:
1795:South Street Seaport Museum
1453:
969:International organizations
373:Loading and unloading ships
10:
2407:
2225:Mello, William J. (2010).
1738:Seafaring in Ancient Times
1309:London Dock Strike of 1889
893:Maritime Labour Convention
269:
2348:10.1215/00182168-2005-002
2324:10.1017/S0020859008003441
2296:10.1525/phr.2008.77.4.585
2283:Pacific Historical Review
2197:Journal of Social History
2177:Callebert, Ralph (2017).
2136:10.1080/10509200903120047
1874:. Princeton Univ. Press.
1791:"Labor on the Waterfront"
1691:Hazzard, Shirley (2008).
1620:David Maclachlan (1875).
1486:Battle of Ballantyne Pier
1325:Workers on the Waterfront
1072:between cargo crates for
870:International conventions
340:The Industrial Revolution
2243:Parnaby, Andrew (2008).
2185:Davis, Colin J. (2003).
2053:Rapf, Joanna E. (2003).
1706:Horejs, Barbara (2003).
1403:, and Best Director for
915:International piracy law
906:the Law of the Sea
1939:Standing on the Stones
1898:Business History Review
1736:Casson, Lionel (1994).
1721:Casson, Lionel (1959).
1409:American Film Institute
1370:Crime on the Waterfront
1331:Benito Quinquela Martín
937:Anti-fouling Convention
2252:Phillips, Jim (2005).
2234:Nelson, Bruce (1990).
2160:Arnesen, Eric (1994).
1866:Marc Levinson (2006).
1851:: CS1 maint: others (
1476:1913 Sligo Dock strike
1425:A View from the Bridge
1269:– basis for the movie
1124:Container handling in
1109:or assembling for the
1103:standing on the stones
258:, part of a separate
63:
51:
2210:10.1353/jsh.2007.0051
1660:TheFreeDictionary.com
1085:intermodal containers
354:in the United States.
336:Industrial Revolution
204:to fill with stuffing
57:
33:
1642:moderngreekverbs.com
1213:improve this article
862:Vice admiralty court
608:Contract of carriage
411:Corpus Juris Civilis
322:The Hanseatic League
2273:10.1093/tcbh/hwi009
2025:(August 25, 2012).
1372:, published in the
1185:Notable dockworkers
1092:longshoreman’s hook
1031:hazardous materials
344:steam-powered ships
248:man-along-the-shore
159:through its use by
93:As a result of the
2391:Marine occupations
1985:The New York Times
1905:(1): 84–87. 1969.
1360:In 1949, reporter
1355:In popular culture
1292:– American mobster
1254:– American patriot
1083:is transported in
1056:. While loading a
1054:stevedore knotting
471:Maritime transport
266:and moving cargo.
222:, they are called
163:. It started as a
155:, and entered the
64:
52:
34:Longshoremen on a
2055:On the Waterfront
1680:on June 12, 2007.
1420:On the Waterfront
1393:On the Waterfront
1387:(1954), starring
1384:On the Waterfront
1272:Money for Nothing
1260:– founder of the
1245:
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1060:vessel, they use
1050:stevedore lashing
1023:
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961:Athens Convention
927:MARPOL Convention
878:Hague-Visby Rules
767:Freight forwarder
712:Proof of delivery
567:Maritime security
404:Code of Hammurabi
165:phonetic spelling
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2083:
2076:(1): 109–122.
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2049:
2034:
2033:
2032:National Post
2028:
2024:
2023:MacKay, Peter
2018:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1986:
1981:
1973:
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1954:
1948:
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1936:
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1881:0-691-12324-1
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1481:Admiralty law
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1458:
1448:
1447:Frank Sobotka
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1416:Arthur Miller
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1397:Academy Award
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1389:Marlon Brando
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1074:load securing
1071:
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1059:
1058:general cargo
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883:Hamburg Rules
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734:International
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661:Force majeure
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654:
652:
649:
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642:
639:
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632:
629:
627:
624:
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621:Affreightment
619:
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583:
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561:
558:
556:
555:Seaworthiness
553:
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541:
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536:
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523:
520:
518:
515:
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500:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
477:
474:
473:
472:
469:
465:
464:Fisheries law
462:
460:
457:
456:
455:
452:
451:
450:
449:
445:
444:
439:
436:
434:
433:Amalfian Laws
431:
429:
428:
424:
420:
419:
415:
414:
413:
412:
407:
405:
402:
401:
400:
399:
395:
394:
390:
386:
385:
382:
381:Admiralty law
379:
378:
367:
363:
359:
356:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
308:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:Ancient times
278:
277:
276:
267:
265:
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257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:United States
233:
229:
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217:
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209:
208:Great Britain
205:
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2264:
2260:
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2226:
2201:
2195:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2161:
2127:
2123:
2117:
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2088:
2082:
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2069:
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2030:
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1984:
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1956:
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1818:
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1794:
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1770:
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1716:
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1692:
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1668:
1659:
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1615:
1603:. Retrieved
1599:
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1571:
1568:"Dockworker"
1562:
1549:Weeks Marine
1440:
1423:
1419:
1392:
1382:
1375:New York Sun
1373:
1369:
1339:Buenos Aires
1323:
1320:Bruce Nelson
1314:Peter MacKay
1290:Danny Greene
1284:Peter Fraser
1270:
1246:
1231:
1222:
1211:Please help
1206:verification
1203:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1089:
1078:
1066:dunnage bags
1053:
1049:
1042:stopper knot
1035:
1024:
707:Packing list
675:
612:Charterparty
522:Registration
495:Shipbuilding
425:
416:
409:
366:global trade
357:
335:
309:
279:
273:
255:
252:longshoremen
251:
247:
244:longshoreman
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215:
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184:
176:
168:
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104:
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72:longshoreman
71:
67:
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40:Hudson River
1422:; his play
1414:Playwright
849:Judiciaries
651:Consignment
314:Middle Ages
284:Phoenicians
260:trade union
242:, the term
228:dockworkers
183:), meaning
50: 1912.
18:Stevedoring
1990:2019-10-13
1963:2008-05-15
1953:"shape-up"
1824:2024-02-14
1800:2024-02-14
1776:2024-02-14
1579:August 27,
1555:References
1405:Elia Kazan
1267:Joey Coyle
1225:April 2021
1107:shaping up
1081:bulk cargo
671:Commercial
646:Chartering
560:Total loss
535:Act of God
507:Cargo ship
256:stevedores
224:stevedores
173:Portuguese
84:waterfront
68:dockworker
60:Port Sudan
44:Lewis Hine
2218:143564724
2144:155014315
2109:161316328
2038:March 13,
1927:246479077
1847:cite book
1345:Stan Weir
1278:Jack Dash
1126:Hong Kong
841:Stevedore
819:Principal
814:Consignor
809:Consignee
792:Charterer
677:Pro forma
656:Demurrage
641:Brokerage
592:Smuggling
587:Pollution
545:Collision
312:: In the
220:Australia
189:stevedore
177:estibador
169:estivador
107:stevedore
105:The word
101:Etymology
76:stevedore
2385:Category
1544:Teamster
1488:(Canada)
1454:See also
1442:The Wire
1433:season 2
1305:Tom Mann
1111:shape-up
908:(UNCLOS)
702:Manifest
695:Maritime
631:Barratry
517:Mortgage
476:Shipping
446:Features
348:railways
342:brought
296:Carthage
232:wharfies
202:, as in
200:to stuff
198:meaning
149:Portugal
36:New York
1919:3111989
1605:7 April
1529:Mudlark
1497:Dunnage
1439:series
1435:of the
1335:painter
1062:dunnage
802:Manager
786:Carrier
749:Parties
741:Waybill
717:Salvage
685:Laytime
666:Invoice
490:Freight
459:Illegal
454:Fishing
418:Digesta
396:History
270:History
216:dockers
212:Ireland
196:stīpāre
181:Spanish
161:sailors
82:) is a
2216:
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1141:barges
1128:– 2005
1099:London
834:Mutiny
829:Seaman
762:Factor
626:Agency
582:Piracy
330:Bruges
326:Lübeck
318:Europe
302:, and
300:Athens
292:Romans
290:, and
288:Greeks
282:: The
264:cranes
240:Canada
80:docker
62:, 1960
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2214:S2CID
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2105:S2CID
1923:S2CID
1915:JSTOR
1337:from
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1027:cargo
824:Owner
757:Agent
729:Terms
577:Drugs
540:Cargo
485:Cargo
480:Ferry
304:Ostia
218:; in
193:Latin
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153:Spain
88:ships
78:, or
2040:2023
1876:ISBN
1853:link
1819:ILWU
1607:2021
1581:2023
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690:Lien
346:and
328:and
238:and
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