Sexual slavery - Knowledge

4198:"There has been lately an unusually large number of Circassians going about the streets of Constantinople. They are here as slave dealers, charged with the disposal of the numerous parcels of Circassian girls that have been for some time pouring into this market. ...never, perhaps, at any former period, was white human flesh so cheap as it is at this moment. In former times a “good middling” Circassian girl was thought very cheap at 100 pounds, but at the present moment the same description of goods may be had for 5 pounds! Formerly a Circassian slave girl was pretty sure of being bought into a good family, where not only good treatment, but often rank and fortune awaited her; but at present low rates she may be taken by any huxter who never thought of keeping a slave before. Another evil is that the temptation to possess a Circassian girl at such low prices is so great in the minds of the Turks that many who cannot afford to keep several slaves have been sending their blacks to market, in order to make room for a newly-purchased white girl." 3432: 4369:

responses" to their questions. They were also accused of negligence should they accept a fictitious address from an immigrant or accept less-than-complete responses. Inspector Helen Bullis investigated several homes of assignment in the Tenderloin district of New York, and found brothels existed in the early 20th century in New York City. She compiled a list of houses of prostitutes, their proprietors, and their "inmates". The New York inspection director wrote a report in 1907, defending against accusations of negligence, saying there was no sense to the public "panic", and he was doing everything he could to screen European immigrants for prostitution, especially unmarried ones. In a report by the Commissioner General of Immigration in 1914, the Commissioner said that many prostitutes would intentionally marry American men to secure citizenship. He said that for prostitutes, it was "no difficult task to secure a disreputable citizen who will marry a prostitute" from Europe.

3805: Japanese girls were easily trafficked abroad since Korean and Chinese ports did not require Japanese citizens to use passports and the Japanese government realized that money earned by the karayuki-san helped the Japanese economy since it was being remitted, and the Chinese boycott of Japanese products in 1919 led to reliance on revenue from the karayuki-san. Since the Japanese viewed non-westerners as inferior, the karayuki-san Japanese women felt humiliated since they mainly sexually served Chinese men or native Southeast Asians. Borneo natives, Malaysians, Chinese, Japanese, French, American, British and men from every race visited the Japanese prostitutes of Sandakan. A Japanese woman named Osaki said that the men, Japanese, Chinese, whites, and natives, were dealt with alike by the prostitutes regardless of race, and that a Japanese prostitute's "most disgusting customers" were Japanese men, while they used "kind enough" to describe Chinese men, and 3832:"comfort stations" during World War II. Japan collected, carried, and confined Asian ladies coercively and collusively to have sexual intercourse with Japan's soldiers during their invasions across East Asia and Southeast Asia. Some Korean women claim that these cases should be judged by an international tribunal as child sex violence. The legal demand has been made because of the victims' anger at what they see as the inequity of the existing legal measures and the denial of Japan's involvement in child sex slavery and kidnapping. On 28 December 2015, Japan and South Korea agreed that Japan would pay 1 billion Yen into a fund for a Memorial Hall of comfort women. Despite this agreement, some Korean victims have complained that they were not consulted during the negotiation process. They maintain that Japan and Korea sought neither the legal recognition of their claim nor the revision of Japanese history textbooks. 4422:

Most light-skinned blacks lived off of compensatory benefit received one to three generations early; and expanded on this usually in black and mixed-race enclaves where they could own businesses and earn a living as the educated/trained "blacks". These compensatory benefits occasionally came from white grand or great grandfathers. Other times, they came from former slave masters rewarding prized mixed-race slaves for years of service in "the house" or as close assistants to the Master (a position that darker black people were afforded less often). A small portion of white fathers would pay for the education of their mixed-race children, especially sons, who might be educated in France. Why Black females of African descent are consistently ascribed such different experiences from white, Asian, and indo-native females when discussing sexual slavery and abuse, has long been a topic of debate.

4622: 4789:, the South Korean military's use of comfort women has produced "virtually no societal response", despite the country's women's movement's support for Korean comfort women within the Japanese military. Both Kim and Soh argue that this system is a legacy of Japanese colonialism, as many of Korea's army leadership were trained by the Japanese military. Both the Korean and Japanese militaries referred to these comfort women as "military supplies" in official documents and personal memoirs. The South Korean armed forces also used the same arguments as the Japanese military to justify the use of comfort women, viewing them as a "necessary social evil" that would raise soldiers' morale and prevent rape. 53: 4069:

common for female slaves from Caucasus to be used for reproduction, but also in their case their use as concubines have been exaggerated, and female slaves used in menial household jobs were not necessarily used for concubinage and childbearing. However, reproduction and sexual use was not synonyms in the Islamic world, since a man was allowed to use his female slave for sexual pleasure separate from reproduction; according to Islamic Law, a man had legal right to use contraceptives when having intercourse with his female slave in order to prevent offspring, which could result in his slave becoming an

4949:, with women of Korean descent being particularly over-represented among the victims. There is extremely high demand for women of East Asian descent in the sex industry in the United States. In one case, all 100 women detained at a massage parlor in San Francisco were Korean. According to San Francisco police, the number of Asian massage parlors in San Francisco increased by 100% between the years 2004 and 2006, owing to the extreme profitability of the industry. The report described a sense of urgency among San Francisco authorities regarding the widespread trafficking of East Asian immigrant women. 2832: 3035:, domestic servitude or other forced labor that ultimately involves forced sexual activity. In contrast to the crime of rape, which is a completed offence, sexual slavery constitutes a continuing offence. ... Forms of sexual slavery can, for example, be practices such as the detention of women in "rape camps" or "comfort stations", forced temporary "marriages" to soldiers and other practices involving the treatment of women as chattel, and as such, violations of the peremptory norm prohibiting slavery. 5267: 4953:

sexual exploitation. The June 2004 report estimated the total trafficked annually at between 14,500 and 17,500. The Bush administration set up 42 Justice Department task forces and spent more than $ 150 million on attempts to reduce human trafficking. However, in the seven years since the law was passed, the administration has identified only 1,362 victims of human trafficking brought into the United States since 2000, nowhere near the 50,000 or more per year the government had estimated.

4681:. They were often recruited by kidnapping or deception to serve as sex slaves. Each slave reportedly suffered "an average of 10 rapes per day (considered by some to be a low estimate), for a five-day work week; this figure can be extrapolated to estimate that each 'comfort girl' was raped around 50 times per week or 2,500 times per year. For three years of service – the average – a comfort girl would have been raped 7,500 times." (Parker, 1995 United Nations Commissions on Human Rights) 12400: 3369:) were subjected to systematic and widespread gang rape, torture and sexual enslavement by Bosnian Serb soldiers, policemen, and members of paramilitary groups after the takeover of the city in April 1992. The indictment was of major legal significance and was the first time that sexual assaults were investigated for the purpose of prosecution under the rubric of torture and enslavement as a crime against humanity. The indictment was confirmed by a 2001 verdict by the 6195:'Child pornography is not pornography in any real sense; simply the evidence recorded on film or video tape – of serious sexual assaults on young children' (Tate, 1992, p.203) ... 'Every piece of child pornography, therefore, is a record of the sexual use/abuse of the children involved.' Kelly and Scott (1993, p. 116) ... '...the record of the systematic rape, abuse, and torture of children on film and photograph, and other electronic means.' Edwards(2000, p.1) 4140: 12409: 12285: 2844: 3488: 2370: 4418:, developed in Louisiana and particularly New Orleans by the 18th century, but it was fairly rare. White men had no obligation to trade anything for sex with black or mixed women. This left most of these women subject to the whims of white male pursuers. If another female caught his eye or the chosen women grew too old or too "difficult" in the minds of these white men these men could end the arrangement or continue the sexual contact without reward. 6267:...supplying the material to meet this demand results in the further abuse of children Pictures, films and videos function as a permanent record of the original sexual abuse. Consequently, memories of the trauma and abuse are maintained as long as the record exists. Victims filmed and photographed many years ago will nevertheless be aware throughout their lifetimes that their childhood victimization continues to be exploited perversely. 4649: 4699: 8990:"The European ancestry of these slaves resulted primarily from the forcible rape of African women by their European masters and overseers. This is evidenced by the fact that African Americans contain mitochondrial DNA lineages that are predominantly sub-Saharan African, yet have many European Y chromosome lineages (Battaggia et al., 2012; Gonçalves, Prosdocimi, Santos, Ortega, & Pena, 2007)." 5017:

sexual abuse, human trafficking, and forced marriages by the FLDS resulted in no charges, but did result in legislative change. Former FLDS members have also alleged that children belonging to the sect were forced to perform sexual acts as children upon older men while being unable to leave. This has been described by numerous former members as sexual slavery, and was reported as such by the

4774:, the South Korean military institutionalized a "special comfort unit" similar to the one used by the Japanese military during World War II, kidnapping and pressing several North Korean women into sexual slavery. Until recently, very little was known about this apart from testimonies of retired generals and soldiers who had fought in the war. In February 2002, Korean sociologist 8591:

preferred to male slaves mainly for the hard work they performed in households and less for their reproductive capacity. Reproduction was more the incentive in the importation of female slaves from the Caucasus, though that too has been exaggerated, and many of these slaves worked in menial household jobs that did not necessarily lead to concubinage and childbearing.

3251:(the 1949 Convention). Article 1 of the 1949 Convention provides punishment for any person who "rocures, entices or leads away, for purposes of prostitution, another person" or "xploits the prostitution of another person, even with the consent of that person." To fall under the provisions of the 1949 Convention, the trafficking need not cross international lines. 5502:

articles 6, 7 and 8, consistent with the Statute" (Article 1 of the Elements of the Crime). They are found in a paragraphs entitled "Article 7 (1) (g)-2 Crime against humanity of sexual slavery"; "Article 8 (2) (b) (xxii)-2 War crime of sexual slavery"; and "Article 8 (2) (e) (vi)-2 War crime of sexual slavery". The same wording is used in all three paragraphs (

7140:, Anthropological Quarterly, Vol. 47, No. 3, Kidnapping and Elopement as Alternative Systems of Marriage (Special Issue) (July 1974), pp. 245. ("There is no relationship between bride theft and status distinctions, bride price, or attitudes toward premarital virginity. The absence of strong associations in these areas suggests the need for a new hypothesis.".) 4276:, since they were under protection of the foreign consulates because of the Capitulatory privileges until 1937 and therefore protected from the police. In 1877 the first international congress for the abolition of prostitution took place in Geneva in Switzerland, followed by the foundation of the International Association of Friends of Young Girls (German: 3472:, whether because of poverty, disease, poor character or criminality. In some cases, the couple collude together to elope under the guise of a bride kidnapping, presenting their parents with a fait accompli. These men are sometimes deterred from legitimately seeking a wife because of the payment the woman's family expects, the 9049:"The decrease in European ancestry on the X-chromosome might imply a simultaneous European male bias and African female bias, which is consistent with increased frequency of sexual interactions between European males and African females, including rape and/or coerced sexual interactions (Kennedy, 2003; Lind et al., 2007)." 4989:(2009) reports that human trafficking and sexual enslavement are not limited to any specific location or social class. It concludes that individuals in society need to be alert to report suspicious behavior, because the psychological and physical abuse occurs which can often leave a victim unable to escape on their own. 4677:. Estimates vary as to how many women were involved, with numbers ranging from as low as 20,000 from some Japanese scholars to as high as 410,000 from some Chinese scholars. The numbers are still being researched and debated. The majority of women were taken from Korea, China, and other occupied territories part of the 3788:, Thailand, Indonesia, and the western USA (in particular San Francisco). They were often sent to Western colonies in Asia where there was a strong demand from Western military personnel and Chinese men. The experience of Japanese prostitutes in China was written about in a book by a Japanese woman, Tomoko Yamazaki. 5243:

were 500 Chinese and 200 European women in prostitution in Bangkok, many of whom entered Thailand illegally, often through Burma and Laos. Earlier reports, however, suggest different figures. (Police Colonel Sanit Meephan, deputy chief of Tourism Police Bureau, "Thailand popular haunt for foreign prostitutes",

4593:) were usually organized in already established brothels or in hotels confiscated by the Germans. The leaders of the Wehrmacht became interested in running their own brothels when sexual disease spread among the soldiers. In the controlled brothels, the women were checked frequently to avoid and treat 5501:

However the elements of the crime of sexual enslavement are described in more detail in a separate document originating from Article 9 of the Rome Statute: "General introduction 1. Pursuant to article 9 , the following Elements of Crimes shall assist the Court in the interpretation and application of

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In Greece, according to NGO estimates in 2008, there may be a total 13,000–14,000 trafficking victims of all types in the country at any given time. Major countries of origin for trafficking victims brought into Greece include Nigeria, Ukraine, Russia, Bulgaria, Albania, Moldova, Romania and Belarus.

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Part of the challenge in quantifying and eliminating sexual slavery in Thailand and Asia generally is the high rate of police corruption in the region. There are documented cases where Thai and other area law enforcement officials worked with human traffickers, even to the extent of returning escaped

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it's unclear whether or not Canada's anti-human trafficking statute can be effectively applied against the FLDS's pre-2005 activities, because the statute may not be able to be applied retroactively. An earlier three-year-long investigation by local authorities in British Columbia into allegations of

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continued as a separate trade until the end of the Ottoman Empire. The Circassian slave trade was heavily focused on girls, bought to become wives or concubines (sex slaves) for rich men. To buy a daughter-in-law was seen as a good alternative when arranging a marriage, since she was likely to become

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where the male-female ratio was 2:1 or 3:1, the Arab slave trade usually had a higher female:male ratio instead, suggesting a general preference for female slaves. Ehud R. Toledano claims that female slaves from Africa were imported mainly for menial household labor than for reproduction; it was more

3309:"; the fact that marriage is considered in certain communities a social arrangement between the extended families of the bride and groom; limited education and economic options; perceived protection of cultural or religious traditions; assisting immigration. Forced marriage is most common in parts of 3239:

The issue of consent in prostitution is hotly debated. Legal opinions in places such as Europe have been divided over the question of whether prostitution should be considered a free choice or as inherently exploitative of women. The law in Sweden, Norway, and Iceland – where it is illegal to pay for

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Zimmerman, Kip D.; Schurr, Theodore G.; Chen, Wei-Min; Nayak, Uma; Mychaleckyj, Josyf C.; Quet, Queen; Moultrie, Lee H.; Divers, Jasmin; Keene, Keith L.; Kamen, Diane L.; Gilkeson, Gary S.; Hunt, Kelly J.; Spruill, Ida J.; Fernandes, Jyotika K.; Aldrich, Melinda C.; Reich, David; Garvey, W. Timothy;

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The high female-to-male ratio among the slaves imported into the empire resembles the situation in the African domestic market but stands in sharp contrast to the 2-3:1 male-to-female ratio in the Atlantic slave trade. As in African societies at the time, so in the Ottoman Empire: female slaves were

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and Cambodia, are also in some state of forced sexual servitude. In 1996, the police in Bangkok estimated that there were at least 5,000 Russian prostitutes working in Thailand, many of whom had arrived through networks controlled by Russian gangs. The Tourism Police Bureau in 1997 stated that there

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The South Korean "comfort" system was organized around three operations. First, there were "special comfort units" called Teugsu Wiandae (특수위안대, 特殊慰安隊), which operated from seven different stations. Second, there were mobile units of comfort women that visited barracks. Third, there were prostitutes

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in the late 1840s, Chinese merchants transported thousands of young Chinese girls, including babies, from China to the United States. They sold the girls into sexual slavery within the red light district of San Francisco. Girls could be bought for $ 40 (about $ 1455 in 2023 dollars) in Guangzhou and

4101:. In the 1940s, it was reported that Baluchi girls were shipped via Oman to the Arabian Peninsula, where they were popular as concubines since Caucasian girls were no longer available, and were sold for $ 350–450 in Mecca. The legal sex slave trade to the Middle East was ended with the abolition of 3942:

was common because keeping multiple wives and concubines was not affordable for many households. The practice of keeping concubines was common in the Muslim upper class. Muslim rulers preferred having children with concubines because it helped them avoid the social and political complexities arising

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involving the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of people, by coercive or abusive means for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Commercial sexual exploitation is not the only form of human trafficking and estimates vary as to the percentage of human trafficking which is for

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However David Earle, author of The Corsairs of Malta and Barbary and The Pirate Wars, said that Prof Davis may have erred in extrapolating from 1580-1680 because that was the most intense slaving period: "His figures sound a bit dodgy and I think he may be exaggerating. Dr Earle also cautioned that

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Most other accounts of slavery along the Barbary coast didn't try to estimate the number of slaves, or only looked at the number of slaves in particular cities, Davis said. Most previously estimated slave counts have thus tended to be in the thousands, or at most in the tens of thousands. Davis, by

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In Switzerland, the police estimated in 2006 that there may be between 1,500 and 3,000 victims of all types of human trafficking. The organizers and their victims generally come from Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Ukraine, Moldova, Lithuania, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Thailand and Cambodia, and,

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In 2000 Congress created the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act with tougher punishments for sex traffickers. It provides for the possibility for former sex slaves to obtain a T-1 visa. To obtain the visa women must, "prove they were enslaved by 'force, fraud or coercion'." The visa

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The prostitutes in illegal massage parlors may be forced to work out of apartment complexes for many hours a day. Many clients may not realize that some of the women who work in these massage sex parlors have actually been forced into prostitution. The women may initially be lured into the US under

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According to a report conducted by the University of Pennsylvania, anywhere from 100,000 up to 300,000 American children at any given time may be at risk of exploitation due to factors such as drug use, homelessness, or other factors connected with increased risk for commercial sexual exploitation.

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issued a document describing the mass Nazi raids made in Polish cities with the goal of capturing young women, who later were forced to work in brothels used by German soldiers and officers. Women often tried to escape from such facilities, with at least one mass escape known to have been attempted

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than the African slave trade, because the Circassian slave trade was regarded as in effect a marriage market, and it continued until the end of the Ottoman Empire (1922). These reports about the sexual enslavement of "white" women in Eastern harems attracted attention in the West and contributed to

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after pressure from Great Britain and France. However, in March 1858 the Ottoman Governor of Trapezunt informed the British Consul that the 1854 ban had been a temporary wartime ban due to foreign pressure, and that he had been given orders to allow slave ships on the Black Sea to pass on their way

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Aside from the female slaves used as concubines in private harems, female slaves were also used for prostitution. The Islamic Law formally prohibited prostitution. However, since Islamic Law allowed a man to have sexual intercourse with his female slave, prostitution was practiced by a pimp selling

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captured as many as 1-1.25 million slaves from Christian Europe between the 16th and 19th centuries. However, Robert Davis's research is not the mainstream view among historians. Most estimates for the number of European slaves captured are much lower, perhaps in the tens of thousands, and one

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Forced prostitution may be viewed as a kind of sexual slavery. The terms "forced prostitution" and "enforced prostitution" appear in international and humanitarian conventions but have been insufficiently understood and inconsistently applied. "Forced prostitution" generally refers to conditions of

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The text of the Rome Statute does not explicitly define sexual enslavement, but does define enslavement as "the exercise of any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership over a person and includes the exercise of such power in the course of trafficking in persons, in particular women

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In the US this usage became prominent around 1909: "a group of books and pamphlets appeared announcing a startling claim: a pervasive and depraved conspiracy was at large in the land, brutally trapping and seducing American girls into lives of enforced prostitution, or 'white slavery.' These white

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In Austria, Vienna has the largest number of reported trafficking cases, although trafficking is also a problem in urban centers such as Graz, Linz, Salzburg, and Innsbruck. The NGO Lateinamerikanische Frauen in Oesterreich–Interventionsstelle fuer Betroffene des Frauenhandels (LEFOE-IBF) reported

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In the Netherlands, the Bureau of the Dutch Rapporteur on Trafficking in Human Beings in 2005 estimated that there are from 1,000 to 7,000 trafficking victims a year. Most police investigations relate to legal sex businesses, with all sectors of prostitution being well represented, but with window

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In 2001 the United States State Department estimated that 50,000 to 100,000 women and girls are trafficked each year into the United States. In 2003, the State Department report estimated that a total of 18,000 to 20,000 individuals were trafficked into the United States for either forced labor or

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his female slave on the slave market to a client, who returned his ownership of her after 1–2 days on the pretext of discontent after having had intercourse with her, which was a legal and accepted method for prostitution in the Islamic world. This form of prostitution was practiced by for example

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Child sex tourism is a form of child sex trafficking, and is mainly centered on buying and selling children into sexual slavery. It is when an adult travels to a foreign country for the purpose of engaging in commercially facilitated child sexual abuse. Child sex tourism results in both mental and

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Not all white fathers abandoned their slave children; some provided them with education, apprenticeships, or capital; a few wealthy planters sent their mixed-race children to the North for education and sometimes for freedom. Some men freed both their enslaved women and their mixed-race children,

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The advancement of mixed-race blacks over their darker counterparts has led to the theory of consistent patronage by white fathers. While light-skinned Blacks certainly enjoyed a level of privilege, there is little proof that most received educations and dowries directly from their white fathers.

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when committed during an international armed conflict (Article 8.b.xxii) and indirectly in an internal armed conflict under Article(8.c.ii), but the courts jurisdiction over war crimes is explicitly excluded from including crimes committed during "situations of internal disturbances and tensions,

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In Pakistan, young girls have been sold by their families to big-city brothel owners. Often this happens due to poverty or debt, whereby the family has no other way to raise the money than to sell the young girl. Cases have also been reported where wives and sisters have been sold to brothels to

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The 2010 Trafficking in Persons report described the United States as, "a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically forced labor, debt bondage, and forced prostitution". Sexual slavery in the United States may occur in

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in New York City were held responsible for questioning and screening European prostitutes from the U.S. Immigration inspectors expressed frustration at the ineffectiveness of questioning in determining if a European woman was a prostitute, and claimed that many were "lying" and "framing skillful

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Employing female and occasionally male slaves for prostitution was common in the Hellenistic and Roman world. Ample references exist in literature, law, military reports and art. A prostitute (slave or free) existed outside the moral codex restricting sexuality in Greco-Roman society and enjoyed

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have accompanied warfare in virtually every known historical era. Before the 19th century, military circles supported the notion that all persons, including unarmed women and children, were still the enemy, with the belligerent (nation or person engaged in conflict) having conquering rights over

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Selling women and children still occurs in the Middle East. Yazidi women have also reported being raped and used as sexual slave by members of ISIS. In November 2015 it was reported that "around 2,000 women and girls are still being bought and sold in ISIS-controlled areas. The young become sex

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of having trafficked more than 30 under-age girls from Canada to the United States between the late 1990s and 2006 to be entered into polygamous marriages. RCMP spokesman Dan Moskaluk said of the FLDS's activities: "In essence, it's human trafficking in connection with illicit sexual activity."

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In Belgium, in 2007, prosecutors handled a total of 418 trafficking cases, including 219 economic exploitation and 168 sexual exploitation cases. In the same year, the federal judicial police handled 196 trafficking files, compared with 184 in 2006. In 2007 the police arrested 342 persons for

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A declaration of the World Congress Against the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, held in Stockholm in 1996, defined CSEC as, "sexual abuse by the adult and remuneration in cash or in kind to the child or to a third person or persons. The child is treated as a sexual object and as a

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From the beginning of African slavery in the North American colonies, the casual sexual abuse of African women and girls was common. It has been established by historians that white men raped enslaved African women, and this has also been supported by numerous genetic studies. As populations

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humble wife, lacking both her own money as well as relatives and completely dependent upon her in-laws. Girls from Caucasus and the Circassian colonies in Anatolia were still trafficked to the Middle East in the 1920s; in 1928 at least 60 white slave girls were discovered for sexual purposes

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sex, but not to sell sexual services – is based on the notion that all forms of prostitution are inherently exploitative, opposing the notion that prostitution can be voluntary. In contrast, prostitution is a recognized profession in countries such as the Netherlands, Germany, and Singapore.

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Från vit slavhandel till trafficking: En studie om föreställningar kring människohandel och dess offer. Hallner, Ann. Stockholms universitet, Humanistiska fakulteten, Historiska institutionen. 2009 (Svenska) Ingår i: Historisk Tidskrift, ISSN 0345-469X, E-ISSN 2002-4827, Vol. 129, nr 3, s.

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Child sex trafficking often involves child pornography. Children are commonly purchased and sold for sexual purposes without the parents knowing. In these cases, children are often used to produce child pornography, especially sadistic forms of child pornography where they may be tortured.

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Circassians were identified as "white", and the slave trade of "white girls" to harems for sexual exploitation attracted attention in the international press and became an issue of concern for Western powers. In 1854, the Ottoman Empire banned the slave trade in "white women" with the

4476:; they were 7/8 European by ancestry. Three of these mixed-race children passed easily into white society as adults (Jefferson freed them all – two informally and two in his will). Three of his Hemings grandsons served as white men in the Union Regular Army in the American Civil War; 3190:. Abuse of the child occurs during the sexual acts which are photographed in the production of child pornography, and the effects of the abuse on the child (and continuing into maturity) are compounded by the wide distribution and lasting availability of the photographs of the abuse. 4048:

to the Ottoman Empire and the Islamic world. While African slave women were foremost bought as domestic laborers, white slave women were preferred for exclusively sexual slavery; as concubines or as wives. The Crimean slave trade was one of the biggest suppliers of women to the

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The phrase "white slavery" gradually came to be used as a euphemism for prostitution. The phrase was especially common in the context of the exploitation of minors, with the implication that children and young women in such circumstances were not free to decide their own fates.

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in that the former refers to the abduction of one woman by one man (and/or his friends and relatives), and is often a widespread and ongoing practice. The latter refers to the large-scale abduction of women by groups of men, most frequently in a time of war (see also

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increased, slave women were taken advantage of by plantation owners, white overseers, planters' younger sons before and after they married, and other white men associated with the slaveholders. Some African slave women and girls were sold into brothels outright.

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them. "To the victor go the spoils" has been a war cry for centuries and women were included as part of the spoils of war. Institutionalised sexual slavery and enforced prostitution have been documented in a number of wars, most notably the Second World War (See

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The Girl's Education & Mentoring Services (GEMS), an organization based in New York, claims that the majority of girls in the sex trade were abused as children. Poverty and a lack of education play major roles in the lives of many women in the sex industry.

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However, the report emphasized, "The numbers presented in these exhibits do not, therefore, reflect the actual number of cases of CSEC in the United States but, rather, what we estimate to be the number of children 'at risk' of commercial sexual exploitation."

10871: 10810: 5101:, after ISIL militants have captured an area "hey usually take the older women to a makeshift slave market and try to sell them." In mid-October 2014 the U.N. estimated that 5,000 to 7,000 Yazidi women and children were abducted by ISIL and sold into slavery. 3892:

Slave trade, including trade of sex slaves, fluctuated in certain regions in the Middle East up until the 20th century. Victims of the Arab slave trade and/or prisoners of war captured in battle from non-Arab lands often ended up as concubine slaves in the

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brothels being particularly overrepresented. Dutch news site Expatica reported that in 2008, there were 809 registered trafficking victims in the Netherlands; out of those 763 were women and at least 60 percent of them were reportedly forced to work in the

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In January 2010, the Supreme Court of India stated that India is "becoming a hub" for large-scale child prostitution rackets. It suggested setting up of a special investigating agency to tackle the growing problem. An article about the Rescue Foundation in

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wrote in the 19th century about the scandal of white men having enslaved Black women and natural mixed-race children as part of their extended households. Numerous mixed-race families were begun before the Civil War, and many originated in the Upper South.

3168:), drug addiction, pregnancy, malnutrition, social ostracism, and possibly death", according to the State Department of the United States. Thailand, Cambodia, India, Brazil and Mexico have been identified as leading hotspots of child sexual exploitation. 5182:

girls have been trafficked to red light areas of India. One report estimates that every year between 5,000 and 7,000 Nepalese girls are trafficked into the red-light districts in Indian cities, and that many of the girls may only be 9 or 10 years old.

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who worked in private brothels that were hired by the military. Although it is still not clear how recruitment of these comfort women was organized in the South, South Korean agents were known to have kidnapped some of the women from the North.

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An international campaign against the white slave trade started in several countries in the West in the late 19th-century. Many of the procurers and prostitutes who had accompanied the British and French troops to Constantinople during the

3006:(Article 7) which include "enslavement" (Article 7.1.c) and "sexual enslavement" (Article 7.1.g) "when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population". It also defines sexual enslavement as a 5533:

The perpetrator exercised any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership over one or more persons, such as by purchasing, selling, lending or bartering such a person or persons, or by imposing on them a similar deprivation of

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Chuo University professor Yoshiaki Yoshimi states there were about 2,000 centers where as many as 200,000 Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Filipino, Taiwanese, Burmese, Indonesian, Dutch and Australian women were interned and used as sex slaves.

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In Thailand, the Health System Research Institute reported in 2005 that children in prostitution make up 40% of Thailand's prostitutes. It said that a proportion of prostitutes over the age of 18, including foreign nationals mostly from

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false pretenses. In huge debt to their 'owners', they are forced to earn enough to eventually "buy" their freedom. In some cases women who have been sex trafficked may be forced to undergo plastic surgery or abortions. A chapter in

10580: 6574: 3708:, Dutch male prisoners were executed. The surviving women and children were then turned into slaves. Dutch women were sold to Chinese soldiers to become their wives or concubines, and a teenage daughter of the Dutch missionary 3393:. Furthermore, two of the men were found guilty of the crime against humanity of sexual enslavement for holding women and girls captive in a number of de facto detention centers. Many of the women had subsequently disappeared. 10396: 3396:

In areas controlled by Islamic militants, non-Muslim women are enslaved in occupied territories. Many Islamists see the abolition of slavery as forced upon Muslims by the West and want to revive the practice of slavery. (See:

10453: 6719:

Reasons for forced marriage – Analysis of Data Collected from Field Workers – Report on the Practice of Forced Marriage in Canada: Interviews with Frontline Workers: Exploratory Research Conducted in Montreal and Toronto in

5322: 5126:

and "claimed justification by a Hadith that they interpret as portraying the revival of slavery as a precursor to the end of the world." In late September 2014, 126 Islamic scholars from around the Muslim world signed an

4247:

in 1880. At the time, "white slavery" was a natural target for defenders of public morality and crusading journalists. The ensuing outcry led to the passage of antislavery legislation in Parliament. Parliament passed the

3075:, Japan, Israel, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Turkey and the United States. The report lists Thailand, China, Nigeria, Albania, Bulgaria, Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine as major sources of trafficked persons. 4333:

was founded to coordinate an international campaign, and as a result of the campaign of the movement suggestions was put forward on how to combat the white slave trade in Paris in 1902, which eventually resulted in the

10807: 8520:

Argit Bİ. The Imperial Harem and Its Residents. In: Life after the Harem: Female Palace Slaves, Patronage and the Imperial Ottoman Court. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2020:38-77. doi:10.1017/9781108770316.002

10863: 2263: 3562:, Austria, unearthed the remains of numerous slain victims. Among them, young women and children were clearly under-represented, suggesting that perhaps the attackers had killed the men but abducted the young women. 10532: 5293:

reported in 2006 a total of 357 completed investigations of human trafficking, with 775 victims. Thirty-five percent of the suspects were Germans born in Germany and 8% were German citizens born outside Germany.

9131:"In other cases, however, the children born of such relationships were given their freedom by their white father. These children, especially the boys, might even have been sent to France for a formal education." 3030:

Sexual slavery is a particular form of enslavement which includes limitations on one's autonomy, freedom of movement and power to decide matters relating to one's sexual activity. Thus, the crime also includes

3292:

A forced marriage is a marriage where one or both participants are married, without their freely given consent. Forced marriage is a form of sexual slavery. Causes for forced marriages include customs such as

2941:. Moreover, slavery's reach extends beyond explicit sexual exploitation. Instances of non-consensual sexual activity are interwoven with systems designed for primarily non-sexual purposes, as witnessed in the 11316: 3216:

shows involving coerced sex acts or rape on webcam. They are usually made to watch the paying consumers on shared screens and follow their orders. It occurs in 'cybersex dens', which are rooms equipped with

6980: 4330: 10785: 10214: 8751:

Rodríguez García, Magaly. Gillis, Kristien. (2018) Morality Politics and Prostitution Policy in Brussels: A Diachronic Comparison. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 15. DOI: 10.1007/s13178-017-0298-5

4452:

Thus all children born to enslaved mothers were legally slaves, regardless of the paternity or ancestry of their fathers. They were bound for life and could be sold like any slave unless formally freed.

3148:

said, on condition of anonymity: "If the victim is older than 12, if he or she refuses to file a complaint and if the parents clearly profit from their child's commerce, we tend to look the other way".

2960:'s seminal work 'Casa-Grande e Senzala' casts a discerning light on the complex social dynamics that emerged from the amalgamation of European, Indigenous, and African cultures in the Brazilian context. 6922: 8602:

Pernilla, Myrne (2019). "Slaves for Pleasure in Arabic Sex and Slave Purchase Manuals from the Tenth to the Twelfth Centuries". Journal of Global Slavery. 4 (2): 196–225. doi:10.1163/2405836X-00402004.

5258:

women are kidnapped by Myanmar military and used as sex slaves. Many Rohingya women were detained at a human trafficking syndicate transit camp in Padang Besar, Thailand, and treated like sex slaves.

6734: 3800: 2238: 1546: 8121: 4835:, the practice continued to thrive. Institutional slavery has been banned worldwide, but there are numerous reports of women sex slaves in areas without effective government control, such as Sudan, 4186:

In the 1850s the slave trade of "white girls" to the harems particularly attracted the attention of the international press, when the Ottoman slave market was flooded by Circassian girls due to the

5178:

in India, with 35 percent of them entering the trade before the age of 18 years. The number of prostitutes has also doubled in the recent decade. One news article states that an estimated 200,000

5191:

magazine states that "according to Save the Children India, clients now prefer 10- to 12-year-old girls". The same article attributes the rising number of prostitutes believed to have contracted

10106: 8144: 4155:

In Anglophone countries in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the phrase "white slavery" was used to refer to sexual enslavement of white women. It was particularly associated with accounts of

4335: 6213:

Because the children depicted in child pornography are often shown while engaged in sexual activity with adults or other children, they are first and foremost victims of child sexual abuse.

11102: 4190:, which resulted in the price for white slave girls to become cheaper, and Muslim men who was not able to buy white girls before now exchanged their black slave women for white ones. The 3134:

India's federal police said in 2009 that they believed around 1.2 million children in India to be involved in prostitution. A CBI statement said that studies and surveys sponsored by the

4061:, who themselves were often of white slave origin (often Circassian or from Georgia), preferred to marry women of similar ethnicity, while black slave women were used as domestic maids. 10761: 8780:'She Will Eat Your Shirt': Foreign Migrant Women as Brothel Keepers in Port Said and along the Suez Canal, 1880–1914.". Journal of the History of Sexuality. 30 .2 (2021): 161–194. Web.. 10577: 6583: 3373:

that rape and sexual enslavement are crimes against humanity. This ruling challenged the widespread acceptance of rape and sexual enslavement of women as an intrinsic part of war. The

10506: 10450: 10393: 5465: 4977:-controlled prostitution. The anti-trafficking community in the United States is debating the extent of sexual slavery. Some groups argue that exploitation is inherent in the act of 10659: 4400: 2294: 8509:

the picture was clouded by the fact the corsairs also seized non-Christian whites from eastern Europe and black people from west Africa. "I wouldn't hazard a guess about the total.

4361:

of 1910, generally known as the "Mann Act". It also banned the interstate transport of females for immoral purposes. Its primary intent was to address prostitution and immorality.

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is often organized by people from that same region. German authorities identified 676 sex-trafficking victims in 2008, compared with 689 in 2007. The German Federal Police Office

3878:

Female slavery, being a condition necessary to the legality of this coveted indulgence , will never be put down, with a willing or hearty co-operation by any Mussalman community.

4009:

slaves trafficked from Northern or Eastern Europe, and the female saqaliba were usually placed in the harem. The harem could contain thousands of slave concubines; the harem of

2289: 11432: 11208: 10715: 9506: 5996:

International organisations fighting child sex tourism say Mexico is one of the leading hotspots of child sexual exploitation, along with Thailand, Cambodia, India, and Brazil.

2233: 10481: 4437:

system in the colonies, children took the status of the father when it came to legal matters. To settle the issue of the status of children born in the colony, the Virginian

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The children portrayed in child pornography are first victimized when their abuse is perpetrated and recorded. They are further victimized each time that record is accessed.

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In some parts of the world, child prostitution is tolerated or ignored by the authorities. Reflecting an attitude which prevails in many developing countries, a judge from

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April 2005, co-Funded by The Netherlands Ministry for Development Co-Operation. See section "12.52 Crimes against humanity", Page 201. He references RSICC/C, Vol. 1 p. 360

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practised in some traditional cultures. Though the motivations behind bride kidnapping vary by region, the cultures with traditions of marriage by abduction are generally

10529: 9078:

Hughes, Michael; Hertel, Bradley R. (1990). "The Significance of Color Remains: A Study of Life Chances, Mate Selection, and Ethnic Consciousness among Black Americans".

8764: 6623: 4749:. By December 1945, the RAA owned 34 facilities, 16 of which were "comfort stations". The total number of prostitutes employed by the RAA amounted to 55,000 at its peak. 6521: 3943:

from marriage and kept their lineages separate from the other lineages in society. Keeping slave concubines was the norm for many royal muslim dynasties, from the royal

2777: 10009: 8251: 7035: 4666:"Comfort women" are a widely publicised example of sexual slavery. The term refers to the women, from occupied countries, who were forced to serve as sex slaves in the 3431: 10428: 7569:(2003). "'White women degrading themselves to the lowest depths': European networks of prostitution and colonial anxieties in British India and Ceylon ca. 1880–1914". 4997: 4981:, while other groups take a stricter approach to defining sexual slavery, considering an element of force, fraud or coercion to be necessary for sex slavery to exist. 3776:

to serve as prostitutes and sexually serviced men from a variety of races, including Chinese, Europeans, native Southeast Asians, and others. The main destinations of

3752:

were Japanese girls and women in the late 19th and early 20th centuries who were trafficked from poverty stricken agricultural prefectures in Japan to destinations in

1672: 10002:"Diary of a sex slave / Last in a four-part special report / Free, but trapped / In San Francisco, You Mi begins to put her life back together – but the cost is high" 8461:

contrast, has calculated that between 1 million and 1.25 million European Christians were captured and forced to work in North Africa from the 16th to 18th centuries.

5162:

Children have been used in the Persian Gulf as camel jockies. Most children are trafficked from Africa and South Asia. This practice has ceased in most areas though.

10370: 9933: 9822: 9275: 9169: 6649: 3374: 3370: 3354: 1931: 11314: 3637:

girls were sold as sex slaves to the Chinese. A trade developed where the native girls of southern China were enslaved and brought north to the Chinese. Natives in

10636: 6972: 5000:(FLDS) has been suspected of trafficking girls across state lines, as well as across the US–Canada and US–Mexico borders, for the purpose of sometimes involuntary 2248: 5555:

Commentaries on treaties explain why certain words and phrases appeared in a treaty and what the delegates considered when agreeing to the words and phrases used.

3958:

The slave trade of women for sexual slavery are known early on. People taken captive during the viking raids in Western Europe, such as Ireland, could be sold to

11874: 10782: 9151: 5306:

smuggling and trafficking-related crimes. A recent report by RiskMonitor foundation estimated that 70% of the prostitutes who work in Belgium are from Bulgaria.

4284:); after this, national associations to combat the white slave trade was gradually founded in a number of nations, such as the Freundinnenverein in Germany, the 4085: 9351: 6912: 5784: 6355: 5195:

in India's brothels as a factor in India becoming the country with the second-largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS in the world, behind South Africa.

1536: 1067: 4883:") forcibly keeps thousands of girls and women in traditional shrines as "wives of the gods", where priests perform the sexual function in place of the gods. 4349:

announced (without giving details) that an international crime ring was abducting young girls in Europe, importing them, and forcing them to work in Chicago

3712:

became a concubine to Koxinga. Some Dutch physical looks like auburn and red hair among people in regions of south Taiwan are a consequence of this episode.

2933:

linked to certain religious practices, such as ritual servitude in some civilizations that inhabit regions in Ghana, Togo, and Benin, and the coercion into

8113: 6731: 11909: 1421: 793: 530: 11334: 10031: 9802: 9753: 6741:. Testimony Submitted to U.S. House of Representatives Human Rights Commission By Anju Malhotra (15 July 2010). International Center for Research on Women 12125: 10739: 8367:

The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives. Selected Papers from the Jerusalem 1999 International Khazar Colloquium. (2007). Nederländerna: Brill. p. 232

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reported that San Francisco is one of the centers of sexual slavery in the United States. Most of the victims trafficked in San Francisco are women from

4752:

The dispersal of prostitution made it harder for GHQ to control STIs and also caused an increase in rapes by GIs, from an average of 40 a day before the

4530: 1896: 1157: 798: 6472: 13142: 9728: 6804: 10160: 10103: 11128: 6437: 5601: 8611:

B. Belli, "Registered female prostitution in the Ottoman Empire (1876-1909)," Ph.D. - Doctoral Program, Middle East Technical University, 2020. p 56

4522:, in 1952. McCollum had testified that Adams forced her into sex and bearing his child. Journalist Hurston covered McCollum's trial in 1952 for the 10340:""As if I Am Not Human": Abuses against Asian Domestic Workers in Saudi Arabia: V. Forced Labor, Trafficking, Slavery, and Slavery-like Conditions" 9875:"SEX TRAFFICKING / San Francisco Is A Major Center For International Crime Networks That Smuggle And Enslave / FIRST OF A FOUR PART SPECIAL REPORT" 8228: 5098: 4765: 3326: 2995: 2345: 490: 10557: 8060: 6949: 11094: 7278: 5504: 5045: 4041: 8620:

Zilfi, M. (2010). Women and Slavery in the Late Ottoman Empire: The Design of Difference. Storbritannien: Cambridge University Press. p. 126-127

4510:

Although she never named the practice as "paramour rights", author C. Arthur Ellis ascribed this term to the fictionalized Hurston in his book,

11024: 10353: 7112: 6607: 4378: 845: 10758: 5809: 9959: 7125: 6702: 5114:

women whom they consider to be from a heretical sect. ISIL claimed that the Yazidi are idol worshipers and their enslavement part of the old

11868: 10503: 8690:

Zilfi, M. (2010). Women and Slavery in the Late Ottoman Empire: The Design of Difference. Storbritannien: Cambridge University Press. p. 217

9599: 5462: 4775: 2813: 2593: 1541: 1391: 10919: 10248: 9852: 8638:

ZDANOWSKI, J. The Manumission Movement in the Gulf in the First Half of the Twentieth Century, Middle Eastern Studies, 47:6, 2011, p. 871.

7207: 5841: 10941: 10281: 6753:. Evidence, Data and Knowledge in the Pacific Island Countries. Literature Review and Annotated Bibliography. UNIFEM Pacific, August 2010 5155:. In late 2014 ISIL released a pamphlet on the treatment of female slaves. In January 2015, further rules for sex slaves were announced. 4218: 872: 11916: 11887: 11600: 10893: 6785: 11996: 11230: 9373: 8830:

The League of Nations: A Survey (January 1920-December 1926).(1926). Schweiz: Information section, League of nations Secretariat. p. 22

8476:. Based on "records for 27,233 voyages that set out to obtain slaves for the Americas". Stephen Behrendt, "Transatlantic Slave Trade", 3851: 3128: 3084: 2975: 2299: 2243: 2224: 1618: 370: 11652: 11626: 11573: 11525: 11480: 9498: 7982:

Sandakan Brothel No. 8: Journey into the History of Lower-class Japanese Women: Journey into the History of Lower-class Japanese Women

7679:

Sandakan Brothel No. 8: Journey into the History of Lower-class Japanese Women: Journey into the History of Lower-class Japanese Women

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or mulatto slaves who had a visibly high proportion of European ancestry. Among the most notable at the turn of the 19th century was

2874: 2389: 820: 11350: 9702: 8358:

The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, C.900-c.1024. (1995). Storbritannien: Cambridge University Press. p. 91

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of military sex slaves for the estimated 200,000, mostly Korean, Chinese, and Filipino women who were forced into sexual slavery in

12322: 11509: 10478: 9976: 8183: 7423: 7391: 7171: 5290: 4798: 4568: 3068: 2536: 1591: 1411: 584: 11261: 9874: 10832: 10602: 9433: 9403: 5171: 5057: 4753: 3674: 3665:; where they bought or captured young Japanese women and girls, who were either used as sexual slaves on their ships or taken to 3135: 3101:, or other forms of transactional sex with children. The Youth Advocate Program International (YAPI) describes CSEC as a form of 2929:, extending beyond conventional boundaries. Sexual slavery manifests in various forms, encompassing single-owner sexual bondage, 2215: 1749: 11002: 6763: 4484:

especially in the 20 years after the American Revolution, but southern legislatures made such manumissions more difficult. Both

12269: 11958: 10971: 8761: 4931: 4678: 1966: 855: 273: 11402: 6825: 6525: 11830: 11808: 11789: 11694: 11376: 11298: 9537: 9463: 9231: 9207: 9124: 8863: 8659: 8583: 8443: 8329: 8255: 8210: 7642: 7431: 7399: 7236: 7045: 6505: 6260: 6188: 6137: 6075: 6042: 6017: 5723: 5027:, Kathleen Mackert, stated: "I was required to perform oral sex on my father when I was seven, and it escalated from there." 4296: 2279: 1433: 1110: 882: 11454: 11152:"PAKISTAN'S SLAVE TRADE:Afghan refugees sold into prostitution; indentured servitude flourishes;scenes from a slave auction" 11068: 7013: 11930: 11155: 10808:"Isis releases 'abhorrent' sex slaves pamphlet with 27 tips for militants on taking, punishing and raping female captives," 10183: 9930: 9778: 9650: 9272: 8090: 7196:

Kulturwandel und Innovationsprozess: Die fünf grossen 'W' und die Verbreitung des Mittelneolithikums in Südwestdeutschland.

6872: 5094: 5090: 4915: 4707: 4572: 4384: 3141:

Thailand's Health System Research Institute reported that children in prostitution make up 40% of prostitutes in Thailand.

2402: 2338: 1625: 1586: 1229: 10367: 10077: 9170:"Quadroons for Beginners: Discussing the Suppressed and Sexualized History of Free Women of Color with Author Emily Clark" 6653: 5979: 5148: 4621: 4183:

to Constantinople, and in December formal tax regulations were introduced, legitimizing the Circassian slave trade again.

12028: 11880: 10603:"Ancient Prophecies Motivate Islamic State Militants: Battlefield Strategies Driven by 1,400-year-old Apocalyptic Ideas," 10420: 9676: 6847: 5342: 4392: 3795: 1667: 1304: 964: 815: 611: 520: 11840: 7732:

Giving a Voice to the Voiceless: The Significance of Yamazaki Tomoko's Use of Oral History in "Sandakan Hachiban Shōkan"

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who trick young girls into coming to Pakistan for well-paying jobs. Once in Pakistan they are taken to brothels (called

5049: 13197: 11761: 11740: 11715: 9177: 8801: 8649: 8044: 8017: 7990: 7963: 7936: 7909: 7866: 7757: 7714: 7687: 7615: 7534: 7507: 5927: 5893: 5754: 5414: 5380: 4243:

over the "traffic in women" rose to a peak in England in the 1880s, after the exposure of the internationally infamous

2436: 2416: 1687: 1381: 1135: 9251: 8376:

The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, C.900-c.1024. (1995). Storbritannien: Cambridge University Press. p. 504

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slaves and older women are beaten and used as house slaves, according to survivors and accounts from ISIS militants".

4001:

Many of the female slaves became concubines. The most famous of the harems of Al-Andalus was perhaps the harem of the

3614: 12238: 12130: 10628: 9335: 8897: 8815: 8629:

Gordon, Murray (1989). Slavery in the Arab World. New York: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-941533-30-0. p.79-89

8531: 8485: 8424: 8397: 7801: 7306: 6750: 6382: 5780: 4899: 4604:. In occupied Europe, the local women were often forced into prostitution. On 3 May 1941 the Foreign Ministry of the 3492: 3402: 2018: 1509: 1386: 810: 579: 446: 11505: 8702:

Toledano, Ehud R. (1998). Slavery and Abolition in the Ottoman Middle East. University of Washington Press. p. 31-32

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or among Chinese residents as their concubines, or to be sold for export to Singapore, San Francisco, or Australia.

8301: 8277: 5742:

Prostitution in the Digital Age: Selling Sex from the Suite to the Street: Selling Sex from the Suite to the Street

5629:

Politics, policy, and normative state culture: Texas trafficking policy and education as a medium for social change

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allows former victims of sex trafficking to stay in the United States for 3 years and then apply for a green card.

4894:, Borno, a state of Nigeria. More than 50 of them soon escaped, but the remainder have not been released. Instead, 3995: 3649:

girls were sexually eroticized in Chinese literature and in poems written by Chinese who were exiled to the south.

3398: 2765: 2398: 1854: 1640: 850: 835: 781: 466: 456: 451: 280: 136: 11847: 6311: 1356: 13192: 10394:"UN Report on ISIS: 24,000 Killed, Injured by Islamic State; Children Used as Soldiers, Women Sold as Sex Slaves" 10001: 6281:"Defining Child Pornography: Law Enforcement Dilemmas in Investigations of Internet Child Pornography Possession" 5066:

The Trafficking in Persons Report of 2007 from the US Department of State says that sexual slavery exists in the

4802: 4249: 4156: 2331: 2134: 2129: 1766: 1635: 1406: 212: 20: 9142: 8915:"Cuffy, Fancy Maids, and One-Eyed Men: Rape, Commodification, and the Domestic Slave Trade in the United States" 7796:. Singapore Series, Singapore: studies in society & history (illustrated ed.). NUS Press. p. 223. 6399: 4938:

story stated that, contrary to existing misconceptions, American citizens may also be coerced into sex slavery.

2978:

calls for an international effort to make people aware of sexual slavery and that sexual slavery is an abuse of

2971:. In some cultures, enslaved concubines and their children had distinct rights and legitimate social positions. 12248: 12120: 11332: 10039: 9799: 9750: 9312: 8575: 4594: 4285: 4013:

consisted of 6,300 women. In the late Middle ages, European slaves were trafficked to the Middle East via the

3607: 2412: 1105: 1093: 673: 485: 131: 10736: 9909: 9819: 8145:"The Guardian view on Japan, South Korea and 'comfort women': one step towards healing the wounds of the past" 3249:

Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others

2045: 13187: 12192: 11782:

Christian slaves, Muslim masters: white slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500–1800

10864:"NDR und SWR: Terrorgruppe IS verdient Millionen durch Lösegelder für jesidische Sklavinnen und deren Kinder" 6103: 5005: 4887: 3847: 2967:

has been a traditional form of sexual slavery, in which women spent their lives in sexual servitude, notably

2867: 2615: 2532: 2253: 1926: 1677: 1460: 321: 12996: 9724: 8474:

Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500–1800

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raise money for gambling, drinking or drug addictions. Sex slaves are reportedly also bought by 'agents' in

13182: 13162: 12315: 10660:"International Coalition of Muslim Scholars Refute ISIS' Religious Arguments in Open Letter to al-Baghdadi" 10514: 10379: 10168: 8444:"When Europeans were slaves: Research suggests white slavery was much more common than previously believed" 8178:[Comfort women grandmother "We are the only ones who have not yet been liberated and are at war"]. 7465:

Twentieth century impressions of Netherlands India: Its history, people, commerce, industries and resources

4848: 4550:

sold for $ 400 (about $ 14,550 in 2023 dollars) in the United States. Many of these girls were forced into

4388: 3739:, Singapore, China and Japan at around the same time, in what was then known as the 'White Slave Traffic'. 3715:

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, there was a network of Chinese prostitutes trafficked to cities like

3436: 3330: 2999: 2942: 2627: 2319: 2193: 2124: 1889: 1682: 1526: 1396: 1057: 825: 805: 365: 333: 13117: 13102: 11124: 5587:"The Rome Statute's Sexual Related Crimes: an Appraisal under the Light of International Humanitarian Law" 5586: 5207:) and forced into sexual slavery, some for many years. Beardless young boys in Afghanistan may be sold as 4600:

It is estimated that a minimum of 34,140 women from occupied states were forced to work as prostitutes in

52: 11991: 11732: 10142:

Matthew Waller (25 November 2011). "FLDS may see more charges: International sex trafficking suspected".

8545: 8224: 5881: 5313:

In Spain, in 2007, officials identified 1,035 sex trafficking victims and 445 labor trafficking victims.

3983: 3586: 3540: 3131:, in which a child performs the services of prostitution, usually for the financial benefit of an adult. 2953:

for economic gains and was also marred by the widespread prevalence of non-consensual sexual activities.

2662: 1742: 1692: 1416: 1334: 461: 242: 62: 10554: 6945: 6764:

Report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences

5041: 4441:

passed a law in 1662 that ruled that children would take the status of their mother at birth, under the

3495:. The Mongols, with captured women, are on the left, the Hungarians, with one saved woman, on the right. 3015:

such as riots, isolated and sporadic acts of violence or other acts of a similar nature" (Article 8.d).

13177: 12686: 12425: 12157: 11951: 9607: 8068: 7774: 7107: 5689: 5543:

The perpetrator was aware of factual circumstances that established the existence of an armed conflict.

5327: 4605: 4472:. Hemings is known for having four surviving children from her decades-long concubinage with President 4341:

A subsequent scare occurred in the United States in the early twentieth century, peaking in 1910, when

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if the action is part of a widespread or systematic practice. Sexual slavery was first recognized as a

2497: 2457: 1859: 1601: 1453: 1438: 1329: 525: 195: 11552:"Prostitution in Switzerland is thriving, generating an annual turnover of SFr3.2 billion, say police" 7275: 7151:

The Migrants Without Mountains: The Sociocultural Adjustment Among the Lao Hmong Refugees in San Diego

6894:"Bosnia and Herzegovina : Foca verdict – rape and sexual enslavement are crimes against humanity" 6035:

The seduction of children: empowering parents and teachers to protect children from child sexual abuse

5876:

The Seduction of Children: Empowering Parents and Teachers to Protect Children from Child Sexual Abuse

5512: 3182:

Child pornography, sometimes referred to as 'child abuse images', refers to images or films depicting

12187: 10144: 8807: 8720: 7120: 4827:

in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. However, in areas outside their jurisdiction, such as the

3908: 3727:, in what was then known as the 'Yellow Slave Traffic'. There was also a network of prostitutes from 3603: 2637: 2452: 2178: 2071: 1849: 1697: 1596: 1127: 1115: 705: 678: 183: 11861: 11028: 8721:""Horrible Traffic in Circassian Women—Infanticide in Turkey," New York Daily Times, August 6, 1856" 7202:

rather than women, a suggestion also made for the mass grave excavated at Thalheim. See E Biermann,

4965:

multiple forms and in multiple venues. Sex trafficking in the United States may be present in Asian

13167: 10215:"Three wives will guarantee you a place in paradise. The Taliban? No: welcome to the rebel Mormons" 9848: 8499: 6699: 6417:

Carback, Joshua T. (2018). "Cybersex Trafficking: Toward a More Effective Prosecutorial Response".

5816: 4935: 4818: 4578: 4329:

In 1899 the first international congress against white slave trade took place in London, where the

4244: 3916: 3809:

men were the second-best clients, while the native men were the best and fastest to have sex with.

3701: 3361:

and Violations of the Laws or Customs of War. Specifically, it was recognised that Muslim women in

3342: 2860: 2684: 2669: 2173: 1818: 1477: 1346: 899: 688: 173: 74: 9956: 7791: 6356:"Oppressed, enslaved and brutalised: The women trafficked from North Korea into China's sex trade" 3452:

Bride kidnapping, also known as marriage by abduction or marriage by captive, is a form of forced

353: 13137: 12801: 12308: 12162: 10613: 9831: 9596: 9060: 5540:

The conduct took place in the context of and was associated with an international armed conflict.

5273:

red-light district in Amsterdam. Most of the trafficked girls and women come from eastern Europe.

5224: 5119: 4922: 4447: 4102: 3689: 3571: 3386: 3346: 2588: 2030: 1996: 1662: 1401: 1351: 1279: 1052: 830: 774: 757: 188: 10504:"Judgment Day Justifies Sex Slavery Of Women – ISIS Out With Its 4th Edition Of Dabiq Magazine," 8953: 8803:

Modernizing Marriage: Family, Ideology, and Law in Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Egypt

8738:

slave narratives, or white-slave tracts, began to circulate around 1909." Mark Thomas Connelly,

6718: 6375:

Australians who view live streaming of child sexual abuse: An analysis of financial transactions

4545:

to work as prostitutes for the overseas Chinese male community in the United States. During the

4514:

The same character asserted that the death knell of paramour rights was sounded by the trial of

3685:, there was a community of Japanese slaves and traders during the late 16th and 17th centuries. 3212:, primarily women and children, are sex slaves who are trafficked and then forced to perform in 13107: 12913: 12903: 12524: 12399: 9845: 6650:"Human Rights Watch Affirm Support for Decriminalisation | Global Network of Sex Work Projects" 5885: 5845: 5537:

The perpetrator caused such person or persons to engage in one or more acts of a sexual nature.

4872: 4670: 4637: 4312: 4203: 4171: 4134: 4089: 4050: 3932: 3871: 3829: 3555: 3366: 3350: 3055:

Commercial sexual exploitation of adults (often referred to as "sex trafficking") is a type of

3003: 2836: 2528: 2487: 2314: 1774: 1735: 1704: 1209: 950: 862: 710: 434: 400: 395: 11726: 11429:"Increase in human trafficking in Netherlands < Dutch news | Expatica The Netherlands" 10938: 10317: 10295: 10273: 8319: 7856: 7677: 7566: 7296: 7198:

Archäologische Informationen 22, 1999, 215–239; an alternative interpretation is the focus of

6782: 6491: 6252: 6180: 6067: 5917: 5404: 5366: 13152: 12898: 12661: 12043: 11944: 11705: 11290: 11284: 9455: 9365: 9325: 9221: 9114: 8853: 8414: 8387: 8034: 8007: 7926: 7899: 7632: 7605: 7366: 7348: 7330: 7199: 7153:(Ann Arbor, MI: A Bell And Howell Company, 1986), pp. 82–85 (Hmong culture); Alex Rodriguez, 6897: 5740: 5019: 4477: 4396: 4018: 3959: 3732: 3263: 2903: 2808: 2432: 2384: 2188: 2040: 2008: 1571: 1426: 1339: 1324: 1006: 994: 740: 725: 510: 285: 207: 178: 11656: 11630: 11577: 11529: 11484: 11234: 8345: 7953: 6244: 6172: 6059: 5282:. Of reported victims, those from Hungary were all female and all forced into prostitution. 4299:

pressed upon Egypt by the British explicitly banned the sex slave trade of "white women" to

3617:

as an example. Male intercourse with a slave was not considered adultery by either society.

12991: 12908: 12893: 12787: 12212: 12018: 11177: 5132: 4546: 4415: 4319: 4236: 4222: 4191: 4065: 3855: 3720: 3209: 3203: 2968: 2632: 2552: 1869: 1709: 1613: 1576: 1504: 1448: 1317: 1274: 1088: 1018: 693: 473: 375: 259: 166: 6624:"Amnesty International publishes policy and research on protection of sex workers' rights" 4507:. She noted that white men with power often forced black women into sexual relationships. 8: 13147: 13079: 12455: 12343: 12243: 12023: 11354: 10629:"Muslim Scholars Release Open Letter to Islamic State Meticulously Blasting Its Ideology" 10588: 10461: 10339: 9698: 5960:. US Dept of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons. 29 February 2008 5953: 5123: 4231:, procured a 13-year-old girl for £5, an amount then equal to a labourer's monthly wage ( 4187: 4167: 4130: 4122: 4093: 4045: 4037: 4033: 3991: 3924: 3912: 3278:, other STD-related health issues, and to ensure sex workers' access to health services. 3244: 3230: 2934: 2696: 2679: 2514: 2023: 1991: 1961: 1951: 1864: 1197: 1177: 1062: 1047: 916: 887: 877: 767: 715: 683: 480: 338: 306: 301: 254: 111: 8175: 7904:. Singapore Series, Singapore: studies in society & history. NUS Press. p. 83. 7610:. Singapore Series, Singapore: studies in society & history. NUS Press. p. 86. 7204: 5919:

International Sex Trafficking of Women & Children: Understanding the Global Epidemic

5627: 5310:

assisting 108 victims of all types of human trafficking in 2006, down from 151 in 2005.

13006: 12986: 12951: 12941: 12559: 12540: 12470: 12379: 12006: 11986: 11257: 10949: 10794: 10664: 10405: 9725:"Girls at U.N. meeting urge action against sex slavery, trafficking, child labor, AIDS" 9095: 9035: 9002: 8981: 8934: 7586: 7502:. Vol. 2: 1500–1900 (2, illustrated, reprint ed.). Orbis Books. p. 222. 7089: 7040: 6732:

The Causes, Consequences and Solutions to Forced Child Marriage in the Developing World

6303: 5874: 5485: 5071: 4942: 4786: 4524: 4496: 4438: 4426: 4014: 3979: 3963: 3952: 3898: 3728: 3559: 3358: 3314: 3267: 3187: 3164:

physical consequences for the exploited children, that may include "disease (including

3122: 3090: 3011: 2946: 2919: 2738: 2652: 2622: 2519: 2509: 2284: 2104: 2013: 1808: 1443: 1289: 1264: 1254: 1219: 1214: 1182: 1147: 1140: 1081: 1074: 931: 750: 745: 735: 505: 358: 316: 311: 264: 232: 222: 159: 9620: 9425: 9395: 6893: 6675: 5571:, International Criminal Law Database & Commentary, p. footnotes: 29, 82, 107 5323:

1921 International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children

4433:

passed laws determining the social status of children born in the colonies. Under the

380: 326: 13011: 12847: 12500: 12465: 12137: 12115: 12011: 12001: 11903: 11826: 11804: 11785: 11757: 11736: 11711: 11690: 11294: 10994: 10924: 9543: 9533: 9331: 9308: 9227: 9203: 9144:

Black Female Agency and Sexual Exploitation: Quadroon Balls and Plaçage Relationships

9120: 9040: 9022: 8985: 8973: 8893: 8859: 8811: 8655: 8579: 8481: 8420: 8393: 8325: 8040: 8013: 7986: 7959: 7932: 7905: 7862: 7797: 7753: 7710: 7683: 7638: 7611: 7590: 7530: 7503: 7427: 7395: 7302: 7232: 6501: 6378: 6256: 6245: 6184: 6173: 6133: 6127: 6071: 6060: 6038: 6013: 5923: 5889: 5750: 5719: 5410: 5376: 5024: 4902:

for information leading to his capture, announced his intention of selling them into

4590: 4519: 4430: 4308: 4273: 4227: 4098: 4002: 3975: 3948: 3709: 3670: 3275: 3186:

activities involving a child. As such, child pornography is often a visual record of

3177: 3158: 3127:

Child prostitution, or child sex trafficking, is a form of sexual slavery. It is the

3098: 3094: 3056: 2787: 2750: 2691: 2642: 2610: 2428: 2424: 2210: 2142: 2119: 1911: 1906: 1874: 1531: 1249: 1244: 1187: 1172: 1152: 974: 969: 904: 867: 700: 666: 495: 348: 237: 116: 10963: 10833:"Exclusive: Islamic State ruling aims to settle who can have sex with female slaves" 10578:"Thousands of Yazidi women sold as sex slaves 'for theological reasons', says Isil," 6307: 4303:; this law was particularly targeted against the import of white women (mainly from 3468:. In most cases, however, the men who resort to capturing a wife are often of lower 3071:

as listing the most common destinations for victims of human trafficking in 2007 as

13065: 12773: 12711: 12606: 11981: 11406: 9219: 9087: 9030: 9014: 8965: 8954:"Why the Nonexistence of Biological Races Does Not Mean the Nonexistence of Racism" 8926: 8676:

Never one nation: freaks, savages, and whiteness in U.S. popular culture, 1850–1877

7578: 7081: 6822: 6438:"Webcam child sex: why Filipino families are coercing children to perform cybersex" 6295: 6010:

Situational Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse, Volume 19 of Crime prevention studies

5637: 5106: 4880: 4832: 4633: 4473: 4465: 4300: 4106: 4029:

historian has suggested that Davis's much higher estimate is an over-exaggeration.

3841: 3765: 3682: 3662: 3626: 3551: 3422: 3338: 3274:

have called on states to decriminalize sex work in the global effort to tackle the

2831: 2718: 2547: 2504: 2447: 2183: 2168: 1879: 1721: 1299: 1294: 1284: 1259: 1224: 1192: 1162: 1035: 1023: 1001: 979: 926: 762: 730: 32: 11380: 9459: 8447: 4778:

wrote the first scholarly work on Korea's comfort women through official records.

13157: 13041: 12967: 12641: 12547: 12445: 12374: 12152: 12142: 12110: 12105: 12095: 11684: 11338: 11320: 11184: 11072: 10945: 10818: 10814: 10789: 10783:"Islamic State issues abhorrent sex slavery guidelines about how to treat women," 10765: 10743: 10719: 10609: 10584: 10561: 10536: 10510: 10485: 10457: 10451:"Isil carried out massacres and mass sexual enslavement of Yazidis, UN confirms," 10400: 10374: 10110: 9963: 9937: 9826: 9806: 9757: 9603: 9279: 8887: 8768: 8305: 8082: 7980: 7882: 7839: 7818: 7747: 7730: 7704: 7658: 7550: 7524: 7497: 7480: 7463: 7282: 7226: 7211: 7178: 7129: 7116: 7003: 6829: 6808: 6789: 6770: 6738: 6706: 5469: 5406:

Prohibition of Sexual Exploitation of Children Constituting Obligation Erga Omnes

5001: 4966: 4895: 4667: 4641: 4110: 4010: 3817: 3577: 3441: 3287: 3050: 3032: 2957: 2915: 2911: 2782: 2723: 2472: 2361: 2304: 2258: 2205: 2163: 2153: 2076: 2035: 1976: 1946: 1916: 1823: 1630: 1521: 1516: 1269: 1239: 1234: 957: 921: 720: 638: 343: 89: 11151: 10191: 9770: 9642: 6876: 4797:

Official estimates of individuals in sexual slavery worldwide vary. In 2001 the

4040:

was conducted in Eastern Europe. Between the 15th to the late 18th century, the

3381:(Bosnian Muslim) women and girls – some as young as 12 and 15 years of age – in 13046: 13016: 12838: 12530: 12384: 12222: 12100: 12073: 12033: 11027:(English Xinhua ed.). Xinhua News Agency. 15 February 2009. Archived from 9672: 7582: 6547: 6336: 5983: 5286: 5266: 4978: 4738:

and other leisure facilities for occupying Allied troops immediately following

4731: 4253: 4179: 4025: 3757: 3736: 3525: 3213: 2982:. The incidence of sexual slavery by country has been studied and tabulated by 2930: 2745: 2701: 2605: 2442: 2066: 2003: 1981: 1941: 1714: 1608: 500: 99: 11848:"Inquiry fails to find single trafficker who forced anybody into prostitution" 11751: 9460:"U.N. Speech on Comfort Women – Karen Parker, J.D. speaking on sexual slavery" 8036:

Sandakan Brothel No. 8: Journey into the History of Lower-class Japanese Women

8009:

Sandakan Brothel No. 8: Journey into the History of Lower-class Japanese Women

7955:

Sandakan Brothel No. 8: Journey into the History of Lower-class Japanese Women

7928:

Sandakan Brothel No. 8: Journey into the History of Lower-class Japanese Women

6843: 6582:, Office of the Prostitution Licensing Authority, pp. 1–2, archived from 6299: 3236:

control over a person who is coerced by another to engage in sexual activity.

2925:

The historical tapestry of human societies reveals the multifaceted nature of

13131: 12783: 12681: 12485: 12435: 12078: 12068: 11728:

The Comfort Women: Sexual Violence and Postcolonial Memory in Korea and Japan

11601:"70 per cent of prostitutes in Belgium are from Bulgaria – report – Bulgaria" 11050: 10127:

Robert Matas (30 March 2009). "Where 'the handsome ones go to the leaders'".

9977:

Trafficking in Persons Report 2010 Country Narratives – Countries N Through Z

9547: 9305:

The Blessed Abyss: Inmate #6582 in Ravensbruck Concentration Prison for Women

9026: 8977: 8969: 6917: 6524:. The United Nations Commission on Human Rights. 22 June 1998. Archived from 5011: 4927: 4661: 4653: 4515: 4461: 4346: 4331:

International Bureau for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children

4215: 4151:, a controversial sculpture meant to depict modern western sexual enslavement 4058: 3944: 3867: 3863: 3821: 3806: 3791: 3469: 3461: 3445: 3023: 2950: 2770: 2581: 2482: 2477: 2462: 1798: 1788: 1652: 1581: 1028: 1011: 786: 616: 606: 390: 40: 10296:"Trafficking in Persons Report: Country Narratives -- Countries Q through Z" 7752:. Translated by Yukiko Sumoto-Schwan, Friedrich B. Schwan. Iudicium Verlag. 7749:

Sandakan Bordell Nr. 8: Ein verdrängtes Kapitel japanischer Frauengeschichte

7132:, where "great social stigma attaches to the suspicion of lost virginity".. 6062:

Internet child pornography and the law: national and international responses

4044:

captured slaves in Eastern Europe and Russia, which were trafficked via the

13089: 13026: 12631: 12520: 12505: 12207: 12090: 12058: 11967: 11686:

War Crimes Against Women: Prosecution in International War Crimes Tribunals

10830: 10540: 9273:

Unusual Historicals: Tragic Tales: Chinese Slave Girls of the Barbary Coast

9259: 9044: 7371: 7353: 7335: 6608:

Sex trafficking and forced prostitution: comprehensive new legal approaches

6278: 6206: 5279: 5144: 5086:. There are reports of Saudi royal family members sexually abusing people. 5067: 5053: 4840: 4824: 4739: 4735: 4674: 4601: 4582: 4538: 4500: 4489: 4485: 4442: 4365: 3813: 3740: 3693: 3465: 3306: 2979: 2907: 2733: 2713: 2706: 2674: 2542: 2524: 2114: 2088: 2081: 1956: 1657: 1494: 1470: 1376: 1369: 1100: 628: 601: 564: 542: 429: 146: 126: 104: 94: 84: 79: 69: 13112: 11753:

Comfort women: sexual slavery in the Japanese military during World War II

10479:"Islamic State Seeks to Justify Enslaving Yazidi Women and Girls in Iraq," 7746:

Tomoko Yamazaki (2005). Yukiko Sumoto-Schwan; Friedrich B. Schwan (eds.).

6400:"After Fleeing North Korea, Women Get Trapped as Cybersex Slaves in China" 909: 12795: 12791: 12701: 12450: 12364: 12063: 10274:"United Arab Emirates - Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2007" 10104:"Polygamist Warren Jeffs Can Now Marry Off Underaged Girls With Impunity" 9282:. Unusualhistoricals.blogspot.com (25 August 2010). Retrieved 2015-10-29. 8889:

When Rape was Legal: The Untold History of Sexual Violence during Slavery

8532:

Gender, Property, and Law in Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Communities in

8478:

Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience

8298: 6225:

Richard Wortley; Stephen Smallbone. "Child Pornography on the Internet".

5686:"Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) and Child Trafficking" 5655: 5336: 5200: 5128: 5083: 4469: 4354: 4323: 4261: 4240: 4160: 4139: 4078: 3971: 3928: 3773: 3724: 3521: 3473: 3294: 3183: 2964: 2945:. This epoch, characterized by encounters between European explorers and 2647: 2492: 2467: 2420: 2408: 2309: 2148: 2109: 2061: 1986: 1971: 1793: 1499: 1487: 840: 643: 633: 591: 405: 10690: 8855:

National Insecurities: Immigrants and U.S. Deportation Policy since 1882

6473:"International Efforts by Police Leadership to Combat Human Trafficking" 6144:

Child pornography is part of the violent continuum of child sexual abuse

5365:

Jones, Jackie; Grear, Anna; Fenton, Rachel Anne; Stevenson, Kim (2011).

5147:—sedition—by instituting slavery under its rule in contravention of the 4207:

the Western campaign against "white slavery" in the late 19th-century.

4202:

There was a greater reluctance from Ottoman authorities to prohibit the

13084: 12872: 12753: 12748: 12626: 12510: 12490: 12480: 12460: 12414: 12389: 12359: 12289: 12182: 11801:

White Cargo: The Forgotten History of Britain's White Slaves in America

10831:

Jonathan Landay, Warren Strobel & Phil Stewart (29 December 2015).

9099: 9018: 8938: 8389:

The Fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba: Berbers and Andalusis in Conflict

8032: 8005: 7978: 7951: 7924: 7675: 7093: 6497:

and the subject matter jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court

6280: 5208: 5175: 5079: 4856: 4771: 4457: 4434: 4269: 3894: 3750:, literally "Ms. Gone-to-China" but actually meaning "Ms. Gone Abroad") 3653: 3513: 3487: 3457: 3390: 3310: 2938: 2848: 2760: 2394: 1828: 1647: 944: 648: 515: 11025:"Over 200,000 Nepali girls being trafficked to Indian red light areas" 6453: 6451: 5511:, International Criminal Law Database & Commentary, archived from 4464:, who was 3/4 white and believed by historians to be a half sister of 4410: 4336:

International Agreement for the suppression of the White Slave Traffic

13054: 13036: 13021: 12956: 12862: 12857: 12826: 12816: 12778: 12716: 12696: 12636: 12611: 12053: 12048: 11289:(3rd 2005 ed.). Bangkok, Thailand: Bangkok Book House. pp. 10769: 9751:

Programmes | From Our Own Correspondent | Born to be a slave in Niger

9001:

Langefeld, Carl D.; Sale, Michèle M.; Ramos, Paula S. (August 2021).

8914: 5810:"Trafficking in Minors for Commercial Sexual Exploitation - Thailand" 5372: 5270: 5212: 4946: 4745:

The RAA established its first brothel on 28 August: the Komachien in

4542: 4265: 4070: 3825: 3769: 3753: 3716: 3536: 3528: 3517: 3302: 3007: 2792: 2657: 2600: 2369: 1936: 1921: 1833: 1813: 892: 557: 419: 12408: 12284: 10737:"ISIS: Enslaving, having sex with 'unbelieving' women, girls is OK," 10354:"New Map Depicts Human Trafficking Cases by the Saudi Ruling Family" 10161:"Bountiful parents delivered 12-year-old girls to arranged weddings" 9091: 8930: 7468:(illustrated ed.). Lloyd's Greater Britain Pub. Co. p. 67. 7085: 6823:

Dying Alive – A Legal Assessment of Human Rights Violations in Burma

5641: 5143:

to justify its actions. The letter accuses the group of instigating

3780:

included China (particularly Shanghai), Hong Kong, the Philippines,

2843: 574: 12976: 12946: 12867: 12811: 12763: 12738: 12720: 12656: 12621: 12592: 12574: 12569: 12552: 12515: 12495: 12202: 12197: 11818: 10723: 10489: 9901: 8698: 8696: 8651:

Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem

7931:. Translated by Karen F. Colligan-Taylor. Routledge. p. xxiv. 7008: 6875:. Michael Sells for "Community of Bosnia". May 1997. Archived from 6448: 6096:"Current Information on the Scope and Nature of Child Sexual Abuse" 5746: 5332: 5255: 5075: 4358: 4304: 4006: 3987: 3939: 3652:

In the 16th and 17th centuries, some Portuguese visitors and their

3505: 3453: 3165: 3145: 3102: 3072: 3064: 2899: 2576: 1803: 1482: 1040: 984: 936: 596: 441: 296: 202: 11313:

Dhaka Tribune Adil Sakhawat Published at 01:20 AM 13 January 2017

9809:, By Humphrey Hawksley in eastern Ghana, 8 February 2001. BBC News 9116:

American Creoles: The Francophone Caribbean and the American South

8254:. South African Institute of International Affairs. Archived from 8114:"Korean comfort women agreement is a triumph for Japan and the US" 6576:

The Ban on Purchasing Sex in Sweden: The So-Called 'Swedish Model'

6128:

Christopher James Hobbs; Helga G. I. Hanks; Jane M. Wynne (1999).

6095: 4746: 4648: 3345:, "or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity" as 13074: 12918: 12884: 12852: 12821: 12768: 12743: 12691: 12671: 12666: 12646: 12616: 12579: 12564: 12475: 12440: 12300: 10474: 10368:"Iraq Slave Markets Sell Women for $ 10 to Attract Isis Recruits" 8039:. Translated by Karen F. Colligan-Taylor. Routledge. p. 67. 8012:. Translated by Karen F. Colligan-Taylor. Routledge. p. 63. 7205:Überlegungen zur Bevölkerungsgrösse in Siedlungen der Bandkeramik 5231: 5115: 4970: 4903: 4836: 4625: 4504: 4350: 4342: 3920: 3785: 3761: 3697: 3642: 3378: 3218: 3106: 2956:

In unraveling the intricate layers of this historical narrative,

2926: 2728: 2158: 1465: 547: 227: 44: 9327:

Sino-Japanese Relations: Facing the Past, Looking to the Future?

8693: 8338: 7958:. Translated by Karen F. Colligan-Taylor. Routledge. p. 8. 6337:"North Korean women 'forced into sex slavery' in China - report" 6007: 4698: 4272:, and these brothels were a destination for many victims of the 3550:

is surmised to have existed since anthropological antiquity. In

3382: 3362: 12981: 12806: 12676: 12535: 12369: 12085: 11936: 7854: 7138:

Bride Theft and Raiding for Wives in Cross-Cultural Perspective

5235: 5140: 5111: 4891: 4844: 4806: 4610: 4528:. McCollum's case was further explored in the 2015 documentary 4126: 4054: 3978:

to Russia from where they continued to the Muslim world; first

3967: 3781: 3705: 3657: 3646: 3638: 3634: 3426: 3255: 2983: 2895: 2199: 1167: 989: 569: 552: 414: 249: 217: 10062:

The Slave Next Door: Human Trafficking and Slavery in America.

9220:

Elizabeth Wheeler Andrew; Katharine Caroline Bushnell (2006).

8712:"Horrible Traffic in Circassian Women—Infanticide in Turkey". 7735:. University of Sheffield, School of East Asian Studies. 1995. 5505:"Article 7 (1) (g)-2 Crime against humanity of sexual slavery" 4926:

reported in 2006 that in the 21st century, women, mostly from

4730:(RAA) was the largest of the organizations established by the 4401:

Enslaved women's resistance in the United States and Caribbean

3385:, eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. The charges were brought as 3329:

Explanatory Memorandum, which defines the jurisdiction of the

12706: 12651: 12601: 12332: 11855:"Prostitution and trafficking – the anatomy of a moral panic" 11756:. Translated by O'Brien, Suzanne. Columbia University Press. 10555:"ISIS states its justification for the enslavement of women," 8299:"Horrible Traffic in Circassian Women—Infanticide in Turkey," 7772: 7706:

The story of Yamada Waka: from prostitute to feminist pioneer

7004:"Pope admits clerical abuse of nuns including sexual slavery" 6155: 5215:), and are sometimes valued in tens of thousands of dollars. 5179: 5152: 5136: 4868: 4860: 4852: 4828: 4629: 4551: 4316: 4163: 3859: 3666: 3477: 3298: 3271: 3078: 424: 410: 385: 11655:. U.S. Department of State. 25 February 2009. Archived from 11629:. U.S. Department of State. 25 February 2009. Archived from 11576:. U.S. Department of State. 25 February 2009. Archived from 11528:. U.S. Department of State. 25 February 2009. Archived from 10759:"Pamphlet provides Islamic State guidelines for sex slaves," 9673:"Human Rights Watch | Defending Human Rights Worldwide" 8623: 8500:"New book reopens old arguments about slave raids on Europe" 7901:

Ah Ku and Karayuki-san: Prostitution in Singapore, 1870–1940

7793:

Ah Ku and Karayuki-san: Prostitution in Singapore, 1870–1940

7634:

Ah Ku and Karayuki-san: Prostitution in Singapore, 1870–1940

7607:

Ah Ku and Karayuki-san: Prostitution in Singapore, 1870–1940

7228:

Gender and Law in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East

6946:"ISIS states its justification for the enslavement of women" 6224: 5980:"RIGHTS-MEXICO: 16,000 Victims of Child Sexual Exploitation" 5685: 5046:

Human rights in ISIL-controlled territory § Slave trade

4585:). The women forced to work in these brothels came from the 13031: 12758: 12038: 11798: 10078:"Dozens of girls may have been trafficked to U.S. to marry" 5239: 4974: 4864: 3903: 3410: 3334: 3138:

estimated about 40% of India's prostitutes to be children.

3089:

Commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) includes

3044: 1901: 291: 121: 11455:"Dutch authorities register 809 human trafficking victims" 10530:"ISIS Is Now Bragging About Enslaving Women and Children," 9499:"Fearing G.I. Occupiers, Japan Urgesd Women into Brothels" 9258:. San Francisco: A.L. Bancroft and Company. Archived from 8198: 6279:

Wells, M.; Finkelhor, D.; Wolak, J.; Mitchell, K. (2007).

6242: 6170: 5688:. Youth Advocate Program International. 16 December 2013. 4998:

Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

4414:, a formalized system of concubinage among slave women or 3723:, in countries such as China, Japan, Korea, Singapore and 2986:, with the cooperation of various international agencies. 11483:. U.S. Department of State. 11 March 2010. Archived from 11331:

NEWS MALAYSIA Rohingya women migrants used as sex slaves

10746: 10651: 10564: 10421:"ISIS Is Attacking Women, And Nobody Is Talking About It" 10032:"Greed, Sex Slavery and Forced Abortions—Made in the USA" 9366:"No Apology for Sex Slavery, Japan's Prime Minister Says" 8686: 8684: 7482:

Far Eastern Journey: Across India and Pakistan to Formosa

7331:

The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A Study of Tʻang Exotics

7294: 5461:"Worldwide Trafficking Estimates by Organizations" 2004, 5364: 5192: 4081:, who acquired several female slaves during his travels. 3678: 3409:, including sexual slavery, has been acknowledged by the 3406: 3375:

International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

3371:

International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

3355:

International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

3259: 3105:

and violence against children and a contemporary form of

3060:

the purpose of transporting someone into sexual slavery.

11869:

The hoot media: "Human trafficking exaggerated numbers?"

11258:"The Russian Mafia in Asia - Asia Pacific Media Service" 8999: 7529:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Orbis Books. p. 222. 7036:"Pope Publicly Acknowledges Clergy Sexual Abuse of Nuns" 6913:"Jihadists Boast of Selling Captive Women as Concubines" 6211:. National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. 6207:

Eva J. Klain; Heather J. Davies; Molly A. Hicks (2001).

11917:

New York Times: "The Face of Slavery" By Kassie Bracken

11231:"UNICRI Trafficking in Minors, Report on Thailand 2005" 9527: 8083:"'Comfort women': Japan and South Korea hail agreement" 7663:

Journal of Studies of Japanese Aggression Against China

6209:

Child Pornography: The Criminal-justice-system Response

4554:

addiction and lived their entire lives as prostitutes.

4357:

they inflamed, led to the passage of the United States

4086:

Annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire

3719:, and a separate network of Japanese prostitutes being 11862:"UK gov prostitution proposals caught with pants down" 11178:

Sex Slaves Returning Home Raise AIDS Risks, Study Says

10713:"ISIS Publish Pamphlet On How to Treat Female Slaves," 8681: 6888: 6886: 5070:, where women and children may be trafficked from the 4503:

studies in the 1930s of the turpentine camps of North

4021:, in which female slaves could end up as concubines. 3512:

refers to abduction of women, either for marriage (by

16:

Slavery with the intention of using the slaves for sex

11875:

Weitzer, Ronald - George Washington University report

10964:"BBC report on number of female sex workers in India" 9167: 7276:

Viet Nam History – Part 2 (Lịch Sử Việt Nam – phần 2)

6373:

Brown, Rick; Napier, Sarah; Smith, Russell G (2020),

5110:, ISIL claimed religious justification for enslaving 4756:

order to an estimated 330 per day immediately after.

4577:

During World War II, Germany established brothels in

4456:

The term "white slaves" was sometimes used for those

3301:; poverty; the importance given to female premarital 12404: 11779: 11405:. English.bnrm.nl. 18 September 2007. Archived from 11379:. English.bnrm.nl. 18 September 2007. Archived from 11201:"Afghanistan's 'dancing boys' are invisible victims" 10894:"ISIS Sells Women 'for Just $ 10, or 10 Cigarettes'" 9979:". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 8 March 2011. 9352:

COMFORT WOMEN WERE 'RAPED': U.S. AMBASSADOR TO JAPAN

9061:"Interracial Concubinage in Territorial New Orleans" 8705: 7897: 7789: 7630: 7603: 7072:

Brian Stross (1974). "Tzeltal Marriage by Capture".

5871: 5594:

Revista Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

4518:, a black woman who murdered Dr. C. Leroy Adams, in 1422:

Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery

11841:"Human Trafficking Evokes Outrage, Little Evidence" 9820:

Sex Trafficking FIRST OF A FOUR PART SPECIAL REPORT

9256:

A la California. Sketch of Life in the Golden State

9150:(Senior Honors thesis). The Ohio State University. 8740:

The Response to Prostitution in the Progressive Era

8053: 7565: 7224: 7044:. Associated Press. 5 February 2019. Archived from 6883: 6522:"Report of the Special Rapporteur on systemic rape" 5781:"Official: More than 1M child prostitutes in India" 5580: 5578: 4930:, Southeast Asia, and the former Soviet Union, are 4531:

You Belong to Me: Sex, Race and Murder in the South

4512:

Zora Hurston and the Strange Case of Ruby McCollum.

1897:

Post-assault treatment of victims of sexual assault

11817: 11087: 9200:Zora Hurston and the Strange Case of Ruby McCollum 8851: 8742:, University of North Carolina Press, 1980, p. 114 8438: 8436: 8033:Tomoko Yamazaki; Karen F. Colligan-Taylor (2015). 8006:Tomoko Yamazaki; Karen F. Colligan-Taylor (2015). 7979:Tomoko Yamazaki; Karen F. Colligan-Taylor (2015). 7952:Tomoko Yamazaki; Karen F. Colligan-Taylor (2015). 7925:Tomoko Yamazaki; Karen F. Colligan-Taylor (2015). 7676:Tomoko Yamazaki; Karen F. Colligan-Taylor (2015). 7155:Kidnapping a Bride Practice Embraced in Kyrgyzstan 6867: 6865: 6844:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court" 5873: 4174:that was still ongoing in the early 20th-century. 3597: 9931:Human Trafficking Evokes Outrage, Little Evidence 9643:"Africa | Liberia's Taylor appears in court" 9388: 8762:Was there really such a thing as "white slavery"? 8678:, University of Minnesota Press, 2005, pp. 68–88. 7522: 7495: 6811:. Better Care Network. Retrieved 29 October 2015. 5842:"Child prostitution: the ugliest part of tourism" 5563: 5561: 5050:Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL § Sexual slavery 4898:, who had a reward of $ 7 million offered by the 4499:wrote about contemporary sexual practices in her 13129: 11908:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 11598: 11095:"India becoming a hub of child prostitution: SC" 10679: 9846:"Teen Girls' Stories of Sex Trafficking in U.S." 9771:"Africa | Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law" 9496: 8572:Slavery and abolition in the Ottoman Middle East 8569: 8324:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 155–156. 8249: 7855:Gwyn Campbell; Elizabeth Elbourne, eds. (2014). 7295:Andrew Forbes; David Henley (26 December 2012). 6372: 6089: 6087: 5575: 5569:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 5099:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 4766:Prostitutes in South Korea for the U.S. military 4278:Internationale Verein Freundinnen junger Mädchen 4084:When the Crimean slave trade was ended with the 3582: 3565: 1537:13th Amendment to the United States Constitution 11881:"Exposed: the myth of the World Cup sex slaves" 11710:(illustrated ed.). Macmillan. p. 77. 11069:"India – Facts on Trafficking and Prostitution" 9418: 9249: 9003:"Genetic landscape of Gullah African Americans" 8433: 7837: 7816: 7745: 7702: 7559: 7257: 7245: 7172:Abduction, Often Violent, a Kyrgyz Wedding Rite 6862: 6493:Genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes: 6459:"Cyber-sex trafficking: A 21st century scourge" 6158:Child Pornography: Crime, computers and society 6130:Child Abuse and Neglect: A Clinician's Handbook 6093: 5402: 5135:, rejecting his group's interpretations of the 5004:and sexual abuse. The FLDS is suspected by the 4721: 4005:. The slaves of the Caliph were often European 3539:if the bride was abducted forcibly (Canon 1089 3377:found three Bosnian Serb men guilty of rape of 11255: 11125:"The Rescue Foundation – New Internationalist" 10617:, 18 November 2014 (accessed 22 November 2014) 10181: 10141: 10064:Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009 9838: 9363: 8858:. Univ of North Carolina Press. pp. 62–. 7773:Shōichirō Kami; Tomoko Yamazaki, eds. (1965). 7478: 7445: 7443: 6910: 6783:Ethics – Forced Marriages: Motives and methods 5915: 5867: 5865: 5863: 5648: 5558: 5480: 5478: 5409:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 211. 5089:According to media reports from late 2014 the 4715: 4562: 4557: 4379:History of sexual slavery in the United States 3745: 3464:against sex or pregnancy outside marriage and 3416: 12316: 11952: 10626: 10212: 9899: 9323: 9113:Munro, Martin; Britton, Celia (25 May 2012). 8111: 7417: 7385: 6904: 6792:. BBC (1 January 1970). Retrieved 2015-10-29. 6489: 6084: 6057: 5095:selling Yazidis and Christian women as slaves 4640:'s "comfort battalions" is interviewed by an 3955:in the 19th-century a thousand years later. 2937:, exemplified by criminal organizations like 2868: 2339: 1743: 11276: 10992: 10126: 9999: 9944:. (22 September 2007). Retrieved 2011-03-08. 9357: 9202:(Chattanooga, TN: Gadfly Publishing, 2009). 9112: 9077: 8845: 8252:"Mauritania made slavery illegal last month" 7555:. Vol. 11. W.Y. Tsao. 1961. p. 54. 7499:A History of Christianity in Asia: 1500–1900 7218: 7071: 7028: 6995: 6970: 6600: 6548:"Spain divided over semi-legal prostitution" 6514: 6037:. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. p. 133. 5948: 5946: 5804: 5802: 5438:"Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action" 5174:estimated that there are around 2.8 million 4973:bars, residential brothels, or street-based 4616: 2814:Sex offender registries in the United States 1542:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom 11890:. Archived from the original on 15 May 2010 9995: 9993: 9991: 9989: 9987: 9985: 9835:. 6 October 2006. Retrieved 23 August 2009. 9297: 8546:"BBC - Religions - Islam: Slavery in Islam" 8514: 7440: 7413: 7411: 7381: 7379: 7109:Azeri Bride Kidnappers Risk Heavy Sentences 6773:. Human Rights Council Twenty-first session 6722:. Justice.gc.ca. Retrieved 29 October 2015. 6353: 6008:Richard Wortley; Stephen Smallbone (2006). 5922:. Looseleaf Law Publications. p. 435. 5860: 5713: 5475: 5403:Malekian, Farhad; Nordlöf, Kerstin (2014). 4934:for the purposes of sexual slavery. A 2006 4042:Crimean–Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe 2898:over one or more people with the intent of 12323: 12309: 11959: 11945: 11149: 10249:"Grim tales surface of sect's sex slavery" 10206: 10135: 9168:Stacy Parker Le Melle (4 September 2013). 9140: 9119:. Liverpool University Press. p. 58. 7844:(illustrated ed.). 文藝春秋. p. 223. 6354:Smith, Nicola; Farmer, Ben (20 May 2019). 5916:Territo, Leonard; Kirkham, George (2010). 5775: 5773: 5644:– via University of Texas Libraries. 5285:In Germany, the trafficking of women from 5218: 5042:History of slavery § ISIL slave trade 4656:; Plaza Lawton, Liwasang Bonifacio, Manila 4024:Historian Robert Davis estimated that the 3951:in the 9th-century until the harem of the 3852:History of concubinage in the Muslim world 3661:and African crew members would engage in 3129:commercial sexual exploitation of children 3085:Commercial sexual exploitation of children 3079:Commercial sexual exploitation of children 2976:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 2875: 2861: 2346: 2332: 1750: 1736: 13143:Pre-emancipation African-American history 12265:Child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome 10246: 10158: 9034: 9007:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 8886:Feinstein, Rachel A. (3 September 2018). 8885: 8563: 8209:sfn error: no target: CITEREFPowell2006 ( 8142: 7571:Indian Economic and Social History Review 7067: 7065: 7063: 6943: 6751:Ending Violence Against Women & Girls 6218: 6164: 6132:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 328. 6051: 6032: 6026: 5943: 5799: 5718:. Cengage Learning EMEA. pp. 75–78. 3320: 2998:(which defines the crimes over which the 11143: 10298:. U.S. Department of State. 12 June 2007 9982: 9952: 9950: 9902:"The Times' sex slaves story, revisited" 9454: 8419:. Harvard University Press. p. 72. 8317: 7776:Nihon no yōchien: yōji kyōiku no rekishi 7424:Continuum International Publishing Group 7408: 7392:Continuum International Publishing Group 7376: 6397: 6236: 6123: 6121: 5709: 5707: 5678: 5265: 5035: 4823:In Africa, the European colonial powers 4799:International Organization for Migration 4759: 4712:The Recreation and Amusement Association 4697: 4647: 4620: 4569:German military brothels in World War II 4268:in Egypt during the construction of the 4138: 3994:in Central Asia and finally via Iran to 3486: 3430: 3045:Commercial sexual exploitation of adults 1547:Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf 1412:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery 1392:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90 11749: 11282: 10920:"UAE defies ban on child camel jockeys" 10242: 10240: 10072: 10070: 9484: 8912: 8497: 8480:(New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999), 7122:Bride Theft Rampant in Southern Georgia 6700:Ethics – Forced Marriages: Introduction 6572: 6377:, Australian Institute of Criminology, 6012:. Criminal Justice Press. p. 192. 6001: 5909: 5770: 5738: 5732: 5585:Acuña, Tathiana Flores (January 2004). 5396: 5360: 5358: 5172:Ministry of Women and Child Development 5097:. According to Haleh Esfandiari of the 5058:Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency 4315:), which were the preferred choice for 4256:from thirteen to sixteen in that year. 3499:Bride kidnapping is distinguished from 3337:, sexual slavery, forced prostitution, 3197: 3136:Ministry of Women and Child Development 3022:In the commentary on the Rome Statute, 2902:or otherwise forcing them to engage in 13130: 12270:False allegation of child sexual abuse 11867:Dasgupta, Rajashri, and Murthy, Laxmi 11799:Walsh, Michael J.; Don Jordan (2008). 11461:from the original on 18 September 2015 11264:from the original on 12 September 2013 10639:from the original on 25 September 2014 10431:from the original on 12 September 2014 10418: 10184:"FLDS in Canada may face arrests soon" 10120: 9749:Andersson, Hilary. (11 February 2005) 9058: 8951: 8632: 8446:. Researchnews.osu.edu. Archived from 8385: 8204: 7861:. Ohio University Press. p. 223. 7461: 7119:; Gulo Kokhodze & Tamuna Uchidze, 7060: 6814: 6550:. Digitaljournal.com. 29 August 2007. 5714:Clift, Stephen; Carter, Simon (2000). 4679:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 3974:in Scandinavia and from there via the 3224: 12304: 11940: 11823:Muslim Slave System in Medieval India 11707:Forbidden Nation: A History of Taiwan 11457:. Crossroadsmag.eu. 9 February 2009. 11176:Donald G. McNeil Jr. (1 August 2007) 11005:from the original on 9 September 2009 10757:Katharine Lackey (13 December 2014), 10657: 10225:from the original on 10 November 2012 10152: 10102:Moore-Emmett, Andrea (27 July 2010). 9947: 9855:from the original on 1 September 2009 9466:from the original on 17 December 2010 9376:from the original on 21 December 2012 8647: 8641: 8250:Terence Corrigan (6 September 2007). 8225:"Religions – Islam: Slavery in Islam" 8173: 8093:from the original on 31 December 2015 7001: 6971:Mathis-Lilly, Ben (14 October 2014). 6243:Kerry Sheldon; Dennis Howitt (2007). 6200: 6171:Kerry Sheldon; Dennis Howitt (2007). 6118: 5704: 5625: 5584: 5211:for use in dancing and prostitution ( 4688: 4297:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention 3116: 2280:Prosecution of gender-targeted crimes 1434:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention 1111:Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea 11499: 11131:from the original on 21 October 2012 11105:from the original on 1 February 2010 10284:from the original on 29 August 2023. 10237: 10067: 9957:Microsoft Word – Exec_Sum_020220.doc 9705:from the original on 3 November 2008 9701:. Human Rights Watch. 28 July 2006. 9675:. Human Rights Watch. 26 July 2010. 9497:Nicholas Kristof (27 October 1995). 9396:"Abe questions sex slave 'coercion'" 9330:. Taylor & Francis. p. 88. 9157:from the original on 14 August 2017. 8799: 8186:from the original on 26 January 2016 8155:from the original on 27 January 2016 8124:from the original on 18 January 2016 8067:. English.chosun.com. Archived from 7016:from the original on 8 February 2019 6983:from the original on 19 October 2014 6944:Abdelaziz, Salma (13 October 2014). 6925:from the original on 20 October 2014 6850:from the original on 19 October 2013 6612:Houston Journal of International Law 6398:Sang-Hun, Choe (13 September 2019). 6272: 6156:Ian O'Donnel; Claire Milner (2007). 6106:from the original on 17 October 2015 6094:David Finkelhor (30 November 1993). 5355: 5343:Sexual slavery recorded in the Bible 5091:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant 4916:Sex trafficking in the United States 4708:Recreation and Amusement Association 4652:Historical Marker, in the memory of 4573:German camp brothels in World War II 4385:Sex trafficking in the United States 3820:organized a governmental system of " 3357:issued arrest warrants based on the 3171: 3152: 1626:Slave marriages in the United States 1230:Human trafficking in the Middle East 12029:Genital modification and mutilation 11784:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 11627:"2008 Human Rights Report: Austria" 11574:"2008 Human Rights Report: Belgium" 11481:"2009 Human Rights Report: Germany" 10995:"Prostitution 'increases' in India" 10658:Smith, Samuel (25 September 2014). 10627:Lauren Markoe (24 September 2013). 10175: 9912:from the original on 16 August 2011 9781:from the original on 6 January 2010 9699:"Uganda: No Amnesty for Atrocities" 9509:from the original on 6 October 2014 9223:Heathen Slaves and Christian Rulers 8538: 8412: 8308:New York Daily Times, 6 August 1856 8278:"Islam and slavery: Sexual slavery" 7298:Vietnam Past and Present: The North 6066:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 5954:"The Facts About Child Sex Tourism" 5844:. Thepanamanews.com. Archived from 4393:Female slavery in the United States 3592: 3535:refers to the legal prohibition of 3254:In contrast, organizations such as 3002:may have jurisdiction) encompasses 965:Human trafficking in Southeast Asia 13: 12330: 11825:. Columbia, Mo: South Asia Books. 11772: 11607:from the original on 23 April 2012 11526:"2008 Human Rights Report: Greece" 11256:Bertil Lintner (3 February 1996). 11211:from the original on 6 August 2017 11158:from the original on 11 April 2008 10939:Around 2.8 mn prostitutes in India 10874:from the original on 14 April 2016 10806:Adam Withnall (10 December 2014), 10711:Amelia Smith (12 September 2014), 9436:from the original on 12 March 2007 9426:"Japan party probes sex slave use" 9406:from the original on 12 March 2007 8952:Graves, Joseph L. (October 2015). 8760:Cecil Adeams, "The Straight Dope: 8529:Jutta Sperling, Shona Kelly Wray, 8112:Simon Tisdall (28 December 2015). 6973:"ISIS Declares Itself Pro-Slavery" 6911:EconomistStaff (18 October 2014). 6873:"Rape as a Crime Against Humanity" 6762:Gulnara Shahinian (10 July 2012). 6227:Problem-Oriented Guides for Police 5787:from the original on 29 March 2010 5666:from the original on 26 March 2011 5607:from the original on 15 April 2012 4073:and thus no longer legal to sell. 3897:. These slaves came largely from 3524:(particularly sexual slavery). In 3281: 2894:is an attachment of any ownership 1619:last survivors of American slavery 14: 13209: 12239:Laws regarding child sexual abuse 12126:in education in the United States 11924: 11653:"2008 Human Rights Report: Spain" 11599:Petar Kostadinov (7 April 2009). 11435:from the original on 29 June 2012 11353:. English.bnrm.nl. Archived from 10974:from the original on 4 March 2016 10900:from the original on 1 April 2016 10843:from the original on 23 June 2017 10735:Greg Botelho (13 December 2014), 10419:Brekke, Kira (8 September 2014). 10213:Julian Comman (19 October 2003). 10012:from the original on 22 June 2012 9760:. BBC News. Retrieved 2011-03-08. 9731:from the original on 29 June 2012 9679:from the original on 30 June 2012 9653:from the original on 7 March 2014 8852:Deirdre M. Moloney (7 May 2012). 7526:A history of Christianity in Asia 6952:from the original on 21 June 2017 6554:from the original on 25 June 2012 6160:. Willan Publishing. p. 123. 6149: 5692:from the original on 29 June 2012 5656:"UN highlights human trafficking" 4932:trafficked into the United States 4900:United States Department of State 4595:sexually transmittable infections 4480:advanced to the rank of colonel. 2910:that results in sexual activity, 580:Field slaves in the United States 447:Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate 12924:Perverting the course of justice 12407: 12398: 12346:. Not all types are listed here. 12283: 12218:Sociobiological theories of rape 11966: 11879:Waterfield, Bruno Spiked online 11853:Davies, Nick Guardian newspaper 11846:Davies, Nick Guardian newspaper 11839:Markon, Jerry, Washington Post. 11645: 11619: 11592: 11566: 11544: 11518: 11473: 11447: 11421: 11395: 11369: 11343: 11325: 11307: 11249: 11223: 11193: 11170: 11117: 11061: 11043: 11017: 10986: 10956: 10932: 10912: 10886: 10855: 10824: 10800: 10781:Carey Lodge (15 December 2014), 10775: 10751: 10729: 10705: 10689:. September 2014. Archived from 10620: 10595: 10570: 10547: 10522: 10496: 10468: 10443: 10412: 10386: 10360: 10346: 10332: 10310: 10288: 10266: 10096: 10060:Bales, Kevin and Ron Soodalter. 10054: 10024: 9969: 9966:. (PDF). Retrieved 8 March 2011. 9924: 9893: 9867: 9812: 9793: 9763: 9743: 9717: 9691: 9665: 9635: 9613: 9590: 9578: 9566: 9554: 9528:Tenaglia-Webster, Maria (2009). 9521: 9490: 9478: 9448: 9344: 9324:Caroline Rose (31 August 2004). 9317: 9307:. Wayne State University Press, 9285: 9266: 9243: 9213: 9192: 9161: 9134: 9106: 9071: 9052: 8993: 8945: 8906: 8879: 8833: 8824: 8793: 8783: 8774: 8754: 8745: 8731: 8668: 8614: 8605: 8596: 8523: 8491: 8466: 8406: 8379: 8370: 8361: 8352: 8311: 8292: 8270: 8243: 8231:from the original on 21 May 2009 8217: 8176:"위안부 할머니 "우리만 아직 해방도 못되고 전쟁중이야"" 8167: 8136: 8105: 8075: 8026: 7999: 7972: 7945: 7918: 7891: 7170:Craig S. Smith (30 April 2005), 7161:, 24 July 2005 (Kyrgyz culture); 6317:from the original on 4 June 2011 6102:. v4 n2 (Sum–Fall 1994): 31–53. 5062:Slavery in 21st-century Islamism 4372: 4264:in the 1850s opened brothels in 4116: 3645:were sources of slaves as well. 3399:Slavery in 21st-century Islamism 2842: 2830: 2368: 457:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate 452:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate 281:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate 51: 12662:Intellectual property violation 11689:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 10861: 10318:"Country Narratives: Near East" 10038:. 24 April 2006. Archived from 10000:Meredith May (24 August 2010). 9364:Martin Fackler (6 March 2007). 8498:Carroll, Rory (11 March 2004). 7875: 7848: 7831: 7810: 7783: 7766: 7739: 7723: 7696: 7669: 7651: 7624: 7597: 7543: 7516: 7489: 7472: 7455: 7358: 7340: 7322: 7288: 7269: 7188: 7164: 7143: 7100: 6964: 6937: 6836: 6795: 6776: 6756: 6744: 6725: 6712: 6693: 6668: 6652:. 24 April 2021. Archived from 6642: 6616: 6566: 6540: 6500:. Intersentia nv. p. 514. 6483: 6465: 6430: 6410: 6391: 6366: 6347: 6329: 6251:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 6179:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 5972: 5834: 5619: 4803:Federal Bureau of Investigation 4466:Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson 4250:1885 Criminal Law Amendment Act 3598:Ancient Greece and Roman Empire 3019:and children" (Article 7.2.c). 1407:Committee of Experts on Slavery 958:East, Southeast, and South Asia 21:Sexual slavery (disambiguation) 12249:Sexually violent predator laws 11703: 10896:. NBC News. 30 November 2015. 10182:Martha Mendoza (15 May 2008). 10159:D Bramham (19 February 2011). 9597:Sex Slaves: Estimating Numbers 8919:The American Historical Review 8576:University of Washington Press 8143:Editorial (28 December 2015). 7449: 7231:. A&C Black. p. 203. 6247:Sex Offenders and the Internet 6175:Sex Offenders and the Internet 6033:Sanderson, Christiane (2004). 5549: 5495: 5455: 5430: 5251:child sex slaves to brothels. 5131:to the Islamic State's leader 4792: 4702:Yasuura House, one such center 4587:Ravensbrück concentration camp 4397:Forced prostitution § USA 4286:National Vigilance Association 3938:In Muslim society in general, 3835: 3608:Prostitution in ancient Greece 2989: 2920:sexual trafficking of children 1106:Slave raiding in Easter Island 1: 12193:Effects and aftermath of rape 11780:Davis, Robert Murray (2003). 9900:Nathan Heller (7 June 2005). 9065:Georgetown University Library 8958:American Behavioral Scientist 8321:Almoravid and Almohad Empires 7898:James Francis Warren (2003). 7790:James Francis Warren (2003). 7631:James Francis Warren (2003). 7604:James Francis Warren (2003). 7420:Interracial Intimacy in Japan 7388:Interracial Intimacy in Japan 7367:Ethnic Identity in Tang China 5872:Christiane Sanderson (2004). 5348: 5165: 5006:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 4194:reported on August 6, 1856: 4036:in West and South Europe the 3986:and from there by caravan to 3848:Slavery in the Ottoman Empire 3696:loyalist forces commanded by 3677:, and India. For example, in 3629:in ancient China. During the 3613:little legal protection. See 3566:During armed conflict and war 2225:International legal framework 11704:Manthorpe, Jonathan (2008). 11506:Reports on human trafficking 10993:Upasana Bhat (3 July 2006). 10687:"Open Letter to Al-Baghdadi" 10515:International Business Times 10380:International Business Times 10117:. Retrieved 8 December 2012. 9350:Chosun Ilbo (19 March 2007) 9226:. Echo Library. p. 13. 9059:Coates, Jennifer R. (2007). 8346:"The Slave Market of Dublin" 7462:Wright, Arnold, ed. (1909). 7225:Bernard M. Levinson (2004). 6477:FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 6288:Police Practice and Research 5626:Lemke, Melinda Anne (2015). 5302:to a lesser extent, Africa. 4785:According to anthropologist 4389:Slavery in the United States 3583:#During the Second World War 3437:The Rape of the Sabine Women 3331:International Criminal Court 3093:(or child sex trafficking), 3000:International Criminal Court 2943:colonization of the Americas 2628:Criminal transmission of HIV 2320:Violence against LGBT people 2194:Online gender-based violence 1890:Violence against prostitutes 1397:Temporary Slavery Commission 1058:Slavery in the Mongol Empire 7: 11733:University of Chicago Press 11554:. Swissinfo.ch. 3 June 2006 11127:. Newint.org. 2 June 2006. 10247:Ian Munro (12 April 2008). 10006:The San Francisco Chronicle 8716:. 6 August 1856. p. 6. 8318:Bennison, Amira K. (2016). 7637:. NUS Press. pp. 87–. 6820:As quoted by Guy Horton in 5882:Jessica Kingsley Publishers 5368:Gender, Sexualities and Law 5316: 5153:Islamic scholarly community 4909: 4723:Tokushu Ian Shisetsu Kyōkai 4722: 4563:Germany during World War II 4558:During the Second World War 3927:) and the Caucasus (mainly 3919:) and Central Asia (mainly 3476:(not to be confused with a 3417:Bride kidnapping and raptio 1417:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery 462:Volga Bulgarian slave trade 10: 13214: 12687:Possessing stolen property 11888:"Slavery with a capital S" 11860:Ozimek, John The register 11750:Yoshimi, Yoshiaki (2000). 11683:Askin, Kelly Dawn (1997). 11682: 11675: 11286:My Name Lon - You Like Me? 10635:. Religious News Service. 9608:Public Broadcasting System 9291: 8061:"Comfort Women Were Raped" 7709:. Kodansha International. 7665:(5–8). 日本侵華研究學會: 64. 1991. 7583:10.1177/001946460304000202 7523:Samuel H. Moffett (2005). 7496:Samuel H. Moffett (1998). 7485:. H. Jenkins. p. 169. 7263: 7251: 5739:Flowers, R. Barri (2011). 5463:UNESCO Trafficking Project 5328:Kidnapping of Colleen Stan 5222: 5039: 4913: 4816: 4763: 4705: 4659: 4606:Polish government-in-exile 4566: 4382: 4376: 4364:Immigration inspectors at 4149:Abastenia St. Leger Eberle 4120: 4017:and later via the Italian 3960:Moorish Spain (al-Andalus) 3845: 3839: 3796:Excessive citations inline 3700:besieged and defeated the 3683:Portuguese colony in India 3615:ancient Rome's law on rape 3601: 3569: 3493:Mongol invasion of Hungary 3420: 3401:). In areas controlled by 3285: 3228: 3201: 3175: 3156: 3120: 3082: 3048: 2837:Human sexuality portal 2458:Deviant sexual intercourse 1860:Sexual violence statistics 1602:Great Dismal Swamp maroons 1439:Anti-Slavery International 1204:North Africa and West Asia 18: 13198:Violence against children 13099: 13064: 12966: 12933: 12882: 12836: 12730: 12590: 12424: 12396: 12352: 12339: 12278: 12257: 12231: 12188:Causes of sexual violence 12173: 11974: 11071:. Uri.edu. Archived from 10813:25 September 2015 at the 10764:21 September 2017 at the 10253:The Sydney Morning Herald 10145:San Angelo Standard-Times 9602:11 September 2017 at the 8808:Syracuse University Press 8800:Cuno, Kenneth M. (2015). 8570:Ehud R. Toledano (1998). 8386:Scales, Peter C. (1993). 7827:]. 文芸春秋. p. 223. 7210:29 September 2018 at the 7074:Anthropological Quarterly 7002:Staff (6 February 2019). 6769:21 September 2013 at the 6606:Kathryn E. Nelson (2002) 6300:10.1080/15614260701450765 5261: 5030: 5023:. One former resident of 4890:276 female students from 4812: 4716: 4632:. 8 August 1945. A young 4617:Japan during World War II 4445:legal principle known as 4221:, campaigning journalist 3909:Trans-Saharan slave trade 3746: 3604:Sexuality in ancient Rome 2801:Sex offender registration 2638:Female genital mutilation 2179:Intimate partner violence 2072:Female genital mutilation 1850:Causes of sexual violence 1698:Emancipation Proclamation 1370:Opposition and resistance 1128:Sex trafficking in Europe 1116:Blackbirding in Polynesia 679:Trans-Saharan slave trade 12786:(such as prohibition of 11724: 11351:"Zoeken op Bnrm English" 11101:. PTI. 29 January 2010. 10788:16 December 2014 at the 10742:16 December 2014 at the 10718:16 December 2014 at the 10608:22 November 2014 at the 10456:13 November 2014 at the 10373:10 November 2014 at the 10320:. US Department of State 9584: 9572: 9560: 9303:Nanda Herbermann (2000) 9278:27 February 2014 at the 9250:Albert S. Evans (1873). 8970:10.1177/0002764215588810 8913:Baptist, Edward (2001). 8174:헤럴드경제 (8 January 2016). 8065:U.S. Ambassador to Japan 7840: 7838:Tomoko Yamazaki (1975). 7817:Tomoko Yamazaki (1974). 7703:Tomoko Yamazaki (1985). 6705:3 September 2015 at the 6442:South china Morning Post 5468:21 November 2011 at the 5335:- Alleged sex slaves of 5104:In the digital magazine 4819:Slavery in modern Africa 4809:estimated 1.75 million. 4693: 4579:Nazi concentration camps 4353:. These claims, and the 4245:White slave trade affair 4166:, such as the so-called 3980:via the Khazar Kaghanate 3917:Indian Ocean slave trade 3702:Dutch East India Company 3039: 1478:Compensated emancipation 689:Indian Ocean slave trade 13173:Wartime sexual violence 11283:Sharron, Derek (2005). 10944:23 October 2009 at the 10614:The Wall Street Journal 10484:1 November 2014 at the 10399:17 October 2014 at the 9832:San Francisco Chronicle 9141:Noël Voltz (May 2008). 8767:20 October 2008 at the 8648:Miers, Suzanne (2003). 7858:Sex, Power, and Slavery 7479:Bernard Newman (1961). 7364:Abramson (2011), p. 21 7281:3 December 2013 at the 6828:13 January 2016 at the 6495:nullum crimen sine lege 5225:Sexual slavery in China 5219:East and Southeast Asia 4923:San Francisco Chronicle 4801:estimated 400,000, the 4468:by their common father 4448:partus sequitur ventrem 4425:From the 17th century, 4359:White-Slave Traffic Act 4282:Amies de la jeune fille 4103:slavery in Saudi Arabia 3801:considered for deletion 3690:Siege of Fort Zeelandia 3631:Chinese rule of Vietnam 3620: 3572:Wartime sexual violence 3387:crimes against humanity 3347:crimes against humanity 3004:crimes against humanity 2031:Secondary victimisation 1855:Child sexual initiation 1842:Sexual assault and rape 1402:1926 Slavery Convention 1158:Germany in World War II 775:North and South America 297:Contract of manumission 13193:Violence against women 12904:Miscarriage of justice 11337:10 August 2017 at the 11319:10 August 2017 at the 10535:30 August 2017 at the 10509:1 January 2015 at the 10278:US Department of State 9962:2 October 2008 at the 9800:Ghana's trapped slaves 9756:8 October 2007 at the 9610:"Frontline" fact site. 9354:. indonesia-ottawa.org 8416:Atlas of the Year 1000 7887:. Bungei Shunjû. 1978. 7418:Gary P. Leupp (2003). 7386:Gary P. Leupp (2003). 7346:Schafer (1967), p. 56 7328:Schafer (1963), p. 44 6490:Machteld Boot (2002). 6058:Yaman Akdeniz (2008). 5546: 5274: 5149:anti-slavery consensus 4873:religious prostitution 4805:estimated 700,000 and 4703: 4657: 4645: 4638:Imperial Japanese Army 4636:woman from one of the 4589:, Soldier's brothels ( 4313:Circassian slave trade 4204:Circassian slave trade 4152: 4135:Circassian slave trade 4090:Circassian slave trade 4051:Ottoman Imperial Harem 3933:Circassian slave trade 3880: 3872:Ottoman Imperial Harem 3721:trafficked across Asia 3556:Linear Pottery culture 3496: 3449: 3367:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3351:crime against humanity 3321:Crime against humanity 3037: 2566:varies by jurisdiction 2315:Violence against women 1775:Violence against women 883:British Virgin Islands 435:Circassian slave trade 401:Safavid imperial harem 396:Ottoman Imperial Harem 12899:Malfeasance in office 12342:Note: Crimes vary by 11260:. Asiapacificms.com. 11183:6 August 2017 at the 9805:19 March 2008 at the 9462:. Guidetoaction.org. 9198:Ellis, C. Arthur Jr. 8392:. Brill. p. 66. 7301:. Cognoscenti Books. 7200:abduction of children 7177:6 August 2017 at the 7128:6 August 2017 at the 7115:6 August 2017 at the 6898:Amnesty International 6807:16 April 2014 at the 6788:4 August 2014 at the 6676:"HIV and sex workers" 6628:Amnesty International 6419:Criminal Law Bulletin 5982:. IPS. Archived from 5636:(Thesis). p. 2. 5525: 5269: 5036:Central and West Asia 5020:Sydney Morning Herald 4760:During the Korean War 4734:to provide organized 4701: 4651: 4624: 4478:John Wayles Jefferson 4142: 4121:Further information: 4032:In parallel with the 4019:Black Sea slave trade 3996:the Abbasid Caliphate 3876: 3840:Further information: 3490: 3484:the woman's family). 3434: 3264:Amnesty International 3028: 2809:Sex offender registry 2189:Marry-your-rapist law 2184:Marriage by abduction 2041:Virgin cleansing myth 1122:Europe and North Asia 1082:Australia and Oceania 782:Pre-Columbian America 354:Slave raid of Suðuroy 286:Slavery in al-Andalus 208:Black Sea slave trade 137:21st-century jihadism 13188:Violence against men 12992:Cybersex trafficking 12754:Censorship violation 12213:Rape trauma syndrome 12019:Cybersex trafficking 11931:Diary of a Sex Slave 10693:on 25 September 2014 10583:9 April 2018 at the 10560:21 June 2017 at the 10171:on 26 December 2015. 9532:. Greenhaven Press. 8714:New York Daily Times 8089:. 28 December 2015. 6461:. CNN. 18 July 2013. 5783:. CNN. 11 May 2009. 5189:New Internationalist 5133:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi 4888:Boko Haram kidnapped 4547:California Gold Rush 4416:free people of color 4237:Eliza Armstrong case 4223:William Thomas Stead 4192:New York Daily Times 4066:Atlantic slave trade 3992:Samanid slave market 3856:Concubinage in Islam 3405:, clerical abuse of 3343:forced sterilization 3210:cybersex trafficking 3204:Cybersex trafficking 3198:Cybersex trafficking 3113:commercial object". 3010:and a breach of the 2969:Concubinage in Islam 2778:UK Section 63 (2008) 2633:Cybersex trafficking 2174:Forced sterilisation 1870:Cybersex trafficking 1577:Indentured servitude 1505:Underground Railroad 1305:United Arab Emirates 694:Zanzibar slave trade 661:By country or region 474:Atlantic slave trade 376:Ma malakat aymanukum 260:Venetian slave trade 19:For other uses, see 13183:Sexual exploitation 13163:Forced prostitution 12784:Illegal consumption 12456:Criminal negligence 12244:Laws regarding rape 12024:Forced prostitution 11725:Soh, Sarah (2009). 10589:The Daily Telegraph 10462:The Daily Telegraph 10356:. 12 November 2013. 9942:The Washington Post 9936:27 May 2017 at the 9851:. 9 February 2006. 9825:22 May 2012 at the 9174:The Huffington Post 8654:. Rowman Altamira. 8304:6 July 2011 at the 7567:Harald Fischer-Tiné 7106:Sabina Kiryashova, 6900:. 22 February 2001. 6737:8 July 2014 at the 5822:on 22 December 2005 5247:, 15 January 1997) 5124:apocalyptic beliefs 5122:. ISIL appealed to 4987:The Slave Next Door 4732:Japanese government 4322:among the Egyptian 4188:Circassian genocide 4168:Circassian beauties 4131:Barbary slave trade 4123:Crimean slave trade 4094:Circassian beauties 4064:In contrast to the 4046:Crimean slave trade 4038:Crimean slave trade 4034:Barbary slave trade 3925:Crimean slave trade 3913:Red Sea slave trade 3733:trafficked to India 3673:in Southeast Asia, 3671:Portuguese colonies 3466:illegitimate births 3245:UN General Assembly 3231:Forced prostitution 3225:Forced prostitution 2996:Rome Statute (1998) 2935:forced prostitution 2892:sexual exploitation 2515:Reproductive rights 2390:Reproductive rights 1865:Forced prostitution 1663:Slave Route Project 794:Americas indigenous 684:Red Sea slave trade 674:Contemporary Africa 537:Topics and practice 307:Crimean slave trade 302:Bukhara slave trade 255:Genoese slave trade 132:Contemporary Africa 112:Forced prostitution 12987:Child sexual abuse 12952:Wildlife smuggling 12942:Cruelty to animals 12731:Against the public 12560:Negligent homicide 12471:False imprisonment 12426:Against the person 12007:Child prostitution 11997:Child exploitation 11819:Lal, Kishori Saran 11659:on 19 January 2012 11633:on 13 January 2012 11580:on 19 January 2012 11532:on 19 January 2012 11487:on 13 January 2012 11237:on 24 October 2005 11099:The Times of India 11031:on 4 November 2012 10950:The Indian Express 10795:Christianity Today 10665:The Christian Post 10592:, 13 October 2014. 10406:The Christian Post 10129:The Globe and Mail 10109:2 May 2012 at the 9503:The New York Times 9370:The New York Times 9019:10.1002/ajpa.24333 8771:" 15 January 1999. 8578:. pp. 13–14. 8413:Man, John (1999). 8258:on 28 October 2007 8207:, p. 277–278. 7884:Ameyuki San no uta 7349:The Vermilion Bird 7048:on 9 February 2019 7041:The New York Times 6879:on 9 January 2009. 6846:. United Nations. 6528:on 12 January 2013 6404:The New York Times 6100:Future of Children 5486:"Articles 7 and 8" 5275: 5074:, Eastern Europe, 5072:post-Soviet states 4943:San Francisco Gate 4787:Chunghee Sarah Soh 4704: 4689:After World War II 4658: 4646: 4525:Pittsburgh Courier 4497:Zora Neale Hurston 4439:House of Burgesses 4153: 4015:Balkan slave trade 3984:via Volga Bulgaria 3966:or transported to 3964:Dublin slave trade 3899:Sub-Saharan Africa 3729:continental Europe 3627:commonly practiced 3554:, excavation of a 3508:). The Latin term 3497: 3450: 3359:Geneva Conventions 3315:sub-Saharan Africa 3268:Human Rights Watch 3188:child sexual abuse 3123:Child prostitution 3117:Child prostitution 3091:child prostitution 3067:cited a report by 3012:Geneva Conventions 2963:In some cultures, 2947:Indigenous peoples 2623:Child prostitution 2589:Anti-miscegenation 2520:Right to sexuality 2510:Red-light district 2453:Pedophile advocacy 2413:Conversion therapy 2403:Capital punishment 2105:Narcissistic abuse 1444:Blockade of Africa 751:Somali slave trade 667:Sub-Saharan Africa 359:Turkish Abductions 317:Khivan slave trade 312:Khazar slave trade 265:Balkan slave trade 223:Prague slave trade 13178:Sexual misconduct 13125: 13124: 13108:Wikimedia Commons 13066:Inchoate offenses 13012:Indecent exposure 12501:Human trafficking 12466:Domestic violence 12298: 12297: 12138:Sexual misconduct 12116:Sexual harassment 12012:Child sex tourism 12002:Child pornography 11843:23 September 2007 11832:978-81-85689-67-8 11810:978-0-8147-4296-9 11791:978-1-4039-4551-8 11696:978-90-411-0486-1 11603:. Sofiaecho.com. 11300:978-974-92721-5-2 10925:Independent.co.uk 10576:Richard Spencer, 10567:, 13 October 2014 10553:Salma Abdelaziz, 10544:, 13 October 2014 10519:, 13 October 2014 10493:, 13 October 2014 10465:, 14 October 2014 10449:Richard Spencer, 10409:, 9 October 2014. 10383:, 4 October 2014. 10280:. 11 March 2008. 10165:The Vancouver Sun 9777:. 9 August 2007. 9539:978-0-7377-5032-4 9487:, pp. 91, 93 9233:978-1-4068-0431-7 9208:978-0-9820940-0-6 9180:on 2 October 2016 9126:978-1-78138-609-5 8964:(11): 1474–1495. 8865:978-0-8078-8261-0 8661:978-0-7591-0340-5 8585:978-0-295-97642-6 8331:978-0-7486-4682-1 8071:on 24 March 2009. 7644:978-9971-69-267-4 7552:Free China Review 7433:978-0-8264-6074-5 7401:978-0-8264-6074-5 7238:978-0-567-08098-1 7159:Augusta Chronicle 6680:www.thelancet.com 6507:978-90-5095-216-3 6262:978-0-470-02800-1 6190:978-0-470-02800-1 6139:978-0-443-05896-7 6077:978-0-7546-2297-0 6044:978-1-84310-248-9 6019:978-1-881798-61-3 5725:978-1-85567-636-7 5662:. 26 March 2007. 5509:Elements of Crime 5025:Yearning for Zion 5009:According to the 4825:abolished slavery 4591:Wehrmachtsbordell 4520:Live Oak, Florida 4274:white slave trade 4228:Pall Mall Gazette 4003:Caliph of Cordoba 3976:Volga trade route 3949:Abbasid Caliphate 3830:Japanese military 3710:Antonius Hambroek 3692:in which Chinese 3444:, Rome, 1637–38 ( 3276:HIV/AIDS epidemic 3184:sexually explicit 3178:Child pornography 3172:Child pornography 3159:Child sex tourism 3153:Child sex tourism 3099:child pornography 3095:child sex tourism 3057:human trafficking 2904:sexual activities 2885: 2884: 2751:Sexual harassment 2643:Forcible touching 2611:Child pornography 2561:Specific offences 2533:Decriminalization 2425:Same-sex marriage 2417:Decriminalization 2356: 2355: 2211:Toxic masculinity 2143:Droit du seigneur 2120:Domestic violence 1875:Human trafficking 1760: 1759: 1710:Freedmen's Bureau 1532:Third Servile War 1527:International law 1094:Human trafficking 856:Human trafficking 531:Thirteen colonies 349:Sack of Baltimore 117:Human trafficking 13205: 12774:Ethnic cleansing 12712:Trespass to land 12607:Arms trafficking 12417: 12412: 12411: 12402: 12325: 12318: 12311: 12302: 12301: 12288: 12287: 11982:Bride kidnapping 11961: 11954: 11947: 11938: 11937: 11913: 11907: 11899: 11897: 11895: 11864:22 October 2009: 11836: 11814: 11795: 11767: 11746: 11721: 11700: 11669: 11668: 11666: 11664: 11649: 11643: 11642: 11640: 11638: 11623: 11617: 11616: 11614: 11612: 11596: 11590: 11589: 11587: 11585: 11570: 11564: 11563: 11561: 11559: 11548: 11542: 11541: 11539: 11537: 11522: 11516: 11515: 11503: 11497: 11496: 11494: 11492: 11477: 11471: 11470: 11468: 11466: 11451: 11445: 11444: 11442: 11440: 11431:. Expatica.com. 11425: 11419: 11418: 11416: 11414: 11399: 11393: 11392: 11390: 11388: 11373: 11367: 11366: 11364: 11362: 11347: 11341: 11329: 11323: 11311: 11305: 11304: 11280: 11274: 11273: 11271: 11269: 11253: 11247: 11246: 11244: 11242: 11233:. 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Archived from 10179: 10173: 10172: 10167:. Archived from 10156: 10150: 10149: 10139: 10133: 10132: 10124: 10118: 10100: 10094: 10093: 10091: 10089: 10084:. 11 August 2011 10074: 10065: 10058: 10052: 10051: 10049: 10047: 10028: 10022: 10021: 10019: 10017: 9997: 9980: 9973: 9967: 9954: 9945: 9928: 9922: 9921: 9919: 9917: 9897: 9891: 9890: 9888: 9886: 9881:. 6 October 2006 9871: 9865: 9864: 9862: 9860: 9842: 9836: 9818:May, Meredith. " 9816: 9810: 9797: 9791: 9790: 9788: 9786: 9767: 9761: 9747: 9741: 9740: 9738: 9736: 9721: 9715: 9714: 9712: 9710: 9695: 9689: 9688: 9686: 9684: 9669: 9663: 9662: 9660: 9658: 9639: 9633: 9632: 9630: 9628: 9617: 9611: 9594: 9588: 9582: 9576: 9570: 9564: 9558: 9552: 9551: 9525: 9519: 9518: 9516: 9514: 9494: 9488: 9482: 9476: 9475: 9473: 9471: 9452: 9446: 9445: 9443: 9441: 9432:. 8 March 2007. 9422: 9416: 9415: 9413: 9411: 9402:. 2 March 2007. 9392: 9386: 9385: 9383: 9381: 9361: 9355: 9348: 9342: 9341: 9321: 9315: 9301: 9295: 9289: 9283: 9270: 9264: 9263: 9247: 9241: 9240: 9217: 9211: 9196: 9190: 9189: 9187: 9185: 9176:. Archived from 9165: 9159: 9158: 9156: 9149: 9138: 9132: 9130: 9110: 9104: 9103: 9086:(4): 1105–1120. 9075: 9069: 9068: 9056: 9050: 9048: 9038: 8997: 8991: 8989: 8949: 8943: 8942: 8925:(5): 1619–1650. 8910: 8904: 8903: 8883: 8877: 8876: 8874: 8872: 8849: 8843: 8837: 8831: 8828: 8822: 8821: 8797: 8791: 8787: 8781: 8778: 8772: 8758: 8752: 8749: 8743: 8735: 8729: 8728: 8717: 8709: 8703: 8700: 8691: 8688: 8679: 8672: 8666: 8665: 8645: 8639: 8636: 8630: 8627: 8621: 8618: 8612: 8609: 8603: 8600: 8594: 8593: 8567: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8556: 8542: 8536: 8527: 8521: 8518: 8512: 8511: 8495: 8489: 8470: 8464: 8463: 8457: 8455: 8440: 8431: 8430: 8410: 8404: 8403: 8383: 8377: 8374: 8368: 8365: 8359: 8356: 8350: 8349: 8348:. 23 April 2013. 8342: 8336: 8335: 8315: 8309: 8296: 8290: 8289: 8287: 8285: 8274: 8268: 8267: 8265: 8263: 8247: 8241: 8240: 8238: 8236: 8221: 8215: 8214: 8202: 8196: 8195: 8193: 8191: 8171: 8165: 8164: 8162: 8160: 8140: 8134: 8133: 8131: 8129: 8109: 8103: 8102: 8100: 8098: 8079: 8073: 8072: 8057: 8051: 8050: 8030: 8024: 8023: 8003: 7997: 7996: 7976: 7970: 7969: 7949: 7943: 7942: 7922: 7916: 7915: 7895: 7889: 7888: 7879: 7873: 7872: 7852: 7846: 7845: 7835: 7829: 7828: 7814: 7808: 7807: 7787: 7781: 7780: 7770: 7764: 7763: 7743: 7737: 7736: 7727: 7721: 7720: 7700: 7694: 7693: 7673: 7667: 7666: 7655: 7649: 7648: 7628: 7622: 7621: 7601: 7595: 7594: 7563: 7557: 7556: 7547: 7541: 7540: 7520: 7514: 7513: 7493: 7487: 7486: 7476: 7470: 7469: 7459: 7453: 7447: 7438: 7437: 7415: 7406: 7405: 7383: 7374: 7362: 7356: 7344: 7338: 7326: 7320: 7319: 7317: 7315: 7292: 7286: 7285:. thuvienbao.com 7273: 7267: 7261: 7255: 7249: 7243: 7242: 7222: 7216: 7194:Eisenhauer, U., 7192: 7186: 7168: 7162: 7147: 7141: 7104: 7098: 7097: 7069: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7032: 7026: 7025: 7023: 7021: 6999: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6988: 6968: 6962: 6961: 6959: 6957: 6941: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6908: 6902: 6901: 6890: 6881: 6880: 6869: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6840: 6834: 6818: 6812: 6799: 6793: 6780: 6774: 6760: 6754: 6748: 6742: 6729: 6723: 6716: 6710: 6697: 6691: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6672: 6666: 6665: 6663: 6661: 6656:on 24 April 2021 6646: 6640: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6620: 6614: 6604: 6598: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6588: 6581: 6570: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6559: 6544: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6533: 6518: 6512: 6511: 6487: 6481: 6480: 6469: 6463: 6462: 6455: 6446: 6445: 6434: 6428: 6426: 6414: 6408: 6407: 6395: 6389: 6387: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6351: 6345: 6344: 6333: 6327: 6326: 6324: 6322: 6316: 6285: 6276: 6270: 6269: 6250: 6240: 6234: 6233: 6222: 6216: 6215: 6204: 6198: 6197: 6178: 6168: 6162: 6161: 6153: 6147: 6146: 6125: 6116: 6115: 6113: 6111: 6091: 6082: 6081: 6065: 6055: 6049: 6048: 6030: 6024: 6023: 6005: 5999: 5998: 5993: 5991: 5986:on 26 March 2012 5976: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5965: 5950: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5913: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5902: 5879: 5869: 5858: 5857: 5855: 5853: 5838: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5821: 5815:. Archived from 5814: 5806: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5777: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5736: 5730: 5729: 5711: 5702: 5701: 5699: 5697: 5682: 5676: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5652: 5646: 5645: 5623: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5606: 5591: 5582: 5573: 5572: 5565: 5556: 5553: 5547: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5482: 5473: 5472:. unescobkk.org. 5459: 5453: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5434: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5400: 5394: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5362: 4881:ritual servitude 4729: 4728: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4474:Thomas Jefferson 4301:slavery in Egypt 4280:or FJM; French: 4225:, editor of the 4143:Statue entitled 4107:slavery in Dubai 3953:Khedive of Egypt 3888: 3842:Arab slave trade 3804: 3766:Russian Far East 3751: 3749: 3748: 3688:During the 1662 3663:slavery in Japan 3593:Historical cases 3552:Neolithic Europe 3546:The practice of 3423:Bride kidnapping 3403:Catholic priests 3339:forced pregnancy 3033:forced marriages 2906:. This includes 2877: 2870: 2863: 2847: 2846: 2835: 2834: 2692:Public indecency 2569: 2548:Bodily integrity 2505:Prostitution law 2448:Marriageable age 2372: 2358: 2357: 2348: 2341: 2334: 2169:Forced pregnancy 1762: 1761: 1752: 1745: 1738: 1722:Emancipation Day 1555: 1522:Slave Trade Acts 213:Byzantine Empire 55: 28: 27: 13213: 13212: 13208: 13207: 13206: 13204: 13203: 13202: 13168:Sex trafficking 13128: 13127: 13126: 13121: 13095: 13094: 13093: 13060: 13059: 13058: 13042:Sex trafficking 12968:Sexual offenses 12962: 12961: 12960: 12934:Against animals 12929: 12928: 12927: 12878: 12877: 12876: 12832: 12831: 12830: 12726: 12725: 12724: 12642:False pretenses 12586: 12585: 12584: 12548:Preterintention 12420: 12413: 12406: 12403: 12394: 12348: 12335: 12329: 12299: 12294: 12282: 12274: 12253: 12227: 12175: 12169: 12153:Sexual violence 12143:Sexual predator 12131:in the military 12111:Sexual grooming 12106:Sexual bullying 12096:Sex trafficking 11970: 11965: 11927: 11922: 11901: 11900: 11893: 11891: 11886: 11857:20 October 2009 11850:20 October 2009 11833: 11811: 11792: 11775: 11773:Further reading 11770: 11764: 11743: 11718: 11697: 11678: 11673: 11672: 11662: 11660: 11651: 11650: 11646: 11636: 11634: 11625: 11624: 11620: 11610: 11608: 11597: 11593: 11583: 11581: 11572: 11571: 11567: 11557: 11555: 11550: 11549: 11545: 11535: 11533: 11524: 11523: 11519: 11513: 11504: 11500: 11490: 11488: 11479: 11478: 11474: 11464: 11462: 11453: 11452: 11448: 11438: 11436: 11427: 11426: 11422: 11412: 11410: 11409:on 8 April 2012 11401: 11400: 11396: 11386: 11384: 11383:on 29 June 2012 11375: 11374: 11370: 11360: 11358: 11357:on 29 June 2012 11349: 11348: 11344: 11339:Wayback Machine 11330: 11326: 11321:Wayback Machine 11312: 11308: 11301: 11281: 11277: 11267: 11265: 11254: 11250: 11240: 11238: 11229: 11228: 11224: 11214: 11212: 11199: 11198: 11194: 11185:Wayback Machine 11175: 11171: 11161: 11159: 11148: 11144: 11134: 11132: 11123: 11122: 11118: 11108: 11106: 11093: 11092: 11088: 11078: 11076: 11075:on 24 June 2012 11067: 11066: 11062: 11049: 11048: 11044: 11034: 11032: 11023: 11022: 11018: 11008: 11006: 10991: 10987: 10977: 10975: 10962: 10961: 10957: 10946:Wayback Machine 10937: 10933: 10928:. 3 March 2010. 10918: 10917: 10913: 10903: 10901: 10892: 10891: 10887: 10877: 10875: 10860: 10856: 10846: 10844: 10829: 10825: 10819:The Independent 10815:Wayback Machine 10805: 10801: 10790:Wayback Machine 10780: 10776: 10766:Wayback Machine 10756: 10752: 10744:Wayback Machine 10734: 10730: 10720:Wayback Machine 10710: 10706: 10696: 10694: 10685: 10684: 10680: 10670: 10668: 10656: 10652: 10642: 10640: 10625: 10621: 10610:Wayback Machine 10600: 10596: 10585:Wayback Machine 10575: 10571: 10562:Wayback Machine 10552: 10548: 10537:Wayback Machine 10527: 10523: 10511:Wayback Machine 10501: 10497: 10486:Wayback Machine 10473: 10469: 10458:Wayback Machine 10448: 10444: 10434: 10432: 10417: 10413: 10401:Wayback Machine 10391: 10387: 10375:Wayback Machine 10366:Fiona Keating, 10365: 10361: 10352: 10351: 10347: 10338: 10337: 10333: 10323: 10321: 10316: 10315: 10311: 10301: 10299: 10294: 10293: 10289: 10272: 10271: 10267: 10257: 10255: 10245: 10238: 10228: 10226: 10211: 10207: 10197: 10195: 10180: 10176: 10157: 10153: 10140: 10136: 10125: 10121: 10111:Wayback Machine 10101: 10097: 10087: 10085: 10076: 10075: 10068: 10059: 10055: 10045: 10043: 10042:on 4 March 2016 10030: 10029: 10025: 10015: 10013: 9998: 9983: 9974: 9970: 9964:Wayback Machine 9955: 9948: 9938:Wayback Machine 9929: 9925: 9915: 9913: 9898: 9894: 9884: 9882: 9873: 9872: 9868: 9858: 9856: 9844: 9843: 9839: 9827:Wayback Machine 9817: 9813: 9807:Wayback Machine 9798: 9794: 9784: 9782: 9769: 9768: 9764: 9758:Wayback Machine 9748: 9744: 9734: 9732: 9727:. Nctimes.com. 9723: 9722: 9718: 9708: 9706: 9697: 9696: 9692: 9682: 9680: 9671: 9670: 9666: 9656: 9654: 9649:. 3 July 2007. 9641: 9640: 9636: 9626: 9624: 9619: 9618: 9614: 9604:Wayback Machine 9595: 9591: 9583: 9579: 9571: 9567: 9559: 9555: 9540: 9526: 9522: 9512: 9510: 9495: 9491: 9483: 9479: 9469: 9467: 9453: 9449: 9439: 9437: 9424: 9423: 9419: 9409: 9407: 9394: 9393: 9389: 9379: 9377: 9362: 9358: 9349: 9345: 9338: 9322: 9318: 9302: 9298: 9290: 9286: 9280:Wayback Machine 9271: 9267: 9262:on 11 May 2008. 9248: 9244: 9234: 9218: 9214: 9197: 9193: 9183: 9181: 9166: 9162: 9154: 9147: 9139: 9135: 9127: 9111: 9107: 9092:10.2307/2579136 9076: 9072: 9057: 9053: 8998: 8994: 8950: 8946: 8931:10.2307/2692741 8911: 8907: 8900: 8884: 8880: 8870: 8868: 8866: 8850: 8846: 8838: 8834: 8829: 8825: 8818: 8798: 8794: 8788: 8784: 8779: 8775: 8769:Wayback Machine 8759: 8755: 8750: 8746: 8736: 8732: 8725:The Lost Museum 8719: 8711: 8710: 8706: 8701: 8694: 8689: 8682: 8673: 8669: 8662: 8646: 8642: 8637: 8633: 8628: 8624: 8619: 8615: 8610: 8606: 8601: 8597: 8586: 8568: 8564: 8554: 8552: 8544: 8543: 8539: 8528: 8524: 8519: 8515: 8496: 8492: 8472:Davis, Robert. 8471: 8467: 8453: 8451: 8450:on 25 July 2011 8442: 8441: 8434: 8427: 8411: 8407: 8400: 8384: 8380: 8375: 8371: 8366: 8362: 8357: 8353: 8344: 8343: 8339: 8332: 8316: 8312: 8306:Wayback Machine 8297: 8293: 8283: 8281: 8276: 8275: 8271: 8261: 8259: 8248: 8244: 8234: 8232: 8223: 8222: 8218: 8208: 8203: 8199: 8189: 8187: 8172: 8168: 8158: 8156: 8141: 8137: 8127: 8125: 8110: 8106: 8096: 8094: 8081: 8080: 8076: 8059: 8058: 8054: 8047: 8031: 8027: 8020: 8004: 8000: 7993: 7977: 7973: 7966: 7950: 7946: 7939: 7923: 7919: 7912: 7896: 7892: 7881: 7880: 7876: 7869: 7853: 7849: 7842: 7836: 7832: 7815: 7811: 7804: 7788: 7784: 7771: 7767: 7760: 7744: 7740: 7729: 7728: 7724: 7717: 7701: 7697: 7690: 7674: 7670: 7657: 7656: 7652: 7645: 7629: 7625: 7618: 7602: 7598: 7564: 7560: 7549: 7548: 7544: 7537: 7521: 7517: 7510: 7494: 7490: 7477: 7473: 7460: 7456: 7448: 7441: 7434: 7416: 7409: 7402: 7384: 7377: 7363: 7359: 7345: 7341: 7327: 7323: 7313: 7311: 7309: 7293: 7289: 7283:Wayback Machine 7274: 7270: 7262: 7258: 7250: 7246: 7239: 7223: 7219: 7212:Wayback Machine 7193: 7189: 7179:Wayback Machine 7169: 7165: 7148: 7144: 7136:Barbara Ayres, 7130:Wayback Machine 7117:Wayback Machine 7105: 7101: 7086:10.2307/3316984 7070: 7061: 7051: 7049: 7034: 7033: 7029: 7019: 7017: 7000: 6996: 6986: 6984: 6969: 6965: 6955: 6953: 6942: 6938: 6928: 6926: 6909: 6905: 6892: 6891: 6884: 6871: 6870: 6863: 6853: 6851: 6842: 6841: 6837: 6830:Wayback Machine 6819: 6815: 6809:Wayback Machine 6800: 6796: 6790:Wayback Machine 6781: 6777: 6771:Wayback Machine 6761: 6757: 6749: 6745: 6739:Wayback Machine 6730: 6726: 6717: 6713: 6707:Wayback Machine 6698: 6694: 6684: 6682: 6674: 6673: 6669: 6659: 6657: 6648: 6647: 6643: 6633: 6631: 6622: 6621: 6617: 6605: 6601: 6592: 6590: 6589:on 7 March 2019 6586: 6579: 6571: 6567: 6557: 6555: 6546: 6545: 6541: 6531: 6529: 6520: 6519: 6515: 6508: 6488: 6484: 6471: 6470: 6466: 6457: 6456: 6449: 6444:. 26 June 2018. 6436: 6435: 6431: 6416: 6415: 6411: 6396: 6392: 6385: 6371: 6367: 6352: 6348: 6335: 6334: 6330: 6320: 6318: 6314: 6283: 6277: 6273: 6263: 6241: 6237: 6223: 6219: 6205: 6201: 6191: 6169: 6165: 6154: 6150: 6140: 6126: 6119: 6109: 6107: 6092: 6085: 6078: 6056: 6052: 6045: 6031: 6027: 6020: 6006: 6002: 5989: 5987: 5978: 5977: 5973: 5963: 5961: 5952: 5951: 5944: 5934: 5932: 5930: 5914: 5910: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5870: 5861: 5851: 5849: 5848:on 25 June 2012 5840: 5839: 5835: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5812: 5808: 5807: 5800: 5790: 5788: 5779: 5778: 5771: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5737: 5733: 5726: 5716:Tourism and Sex 5712: 5705: 5695: 5693: 5684: 5683: 5679: 5669: 5667: 5654: 5653: 5649: 5642:10.15781/T2HS79 5624: 5620: 5610: 5608: 5604: 5589: 5583: 5576: 5567: 5566: 5559: 5554: 5550: 5518: 5516: 5503: 5500: 5496: 5484: 5483: 5476: 5470:Wayback Machine 5460: 5456: 5446: 5444: 5436: 5435: 5431: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5401: 5397: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5375:. p. 203. 5363: 5356: 5351: 5319: 5264: 5227: 5221: 5168: 5082:or other parts 5064: 5038: 5033: 5002:plural marriage 4967:massage parlors 4918: 4912: 4896:Abubakar Shekau 4886:In April 2014, 4821: 4815: 4795: 4768: 4762: 4726: 4713: 4710: 4696: 4691: 4664: 4619: 4575: 4567:Main articles: 4565: 4560: 4541:were sold from 4501:anthropological 4403: 4381: 4375: 4288:in Britain and 4145:The White Slave 4137: 4119: 4111:slavery in Oman 4057:aristocrats of 4026:Barbary pirates 4011:Abd al-Rahman I 3890: 3885:Life of Mahomet 3882: 3874: 3844: 3838: 3789: 3743: 3623: 3610: 3602:Main articles: 3600: 3595: 3578:sexual violence 3574: 3568: 3442:Nicolas Poussin 3429: 3421:Main articles: 3419: 3323: 3290: 3288:Forced marriage 3284: 3282:Forced marriage 3233: 3227: 3206: 3200: 3180: 3174: 3161: 3155: 3125: 3119: 3087: 3081: 3053: 3051:Sex trafficking 3047: 3042: 2992: 2958:Gilberto Freyre 2916:sex trafficking 2912:forced marriage 2881: 2841: 2829: 2724:Sex trafficking 2563: 2562: 2529:Workers' rights 2488:Objectification 2473:Public morality 2399:Criminalization 2362:Sex and the law 2352: 2305:Sex and the law 2285:Women's shelter 2206:Sexual bullying 2164:Forced marriage 2154:Forced abortion 2077:Gishiri cutting 2046:Widow cleansing 2036:Sexual violence 1756: 1727: 1726: 1631:Slave narrative 1587:Fugitive slaves 1567: 1559: 1558: 1549: 1517:Slave rebellion 1372: 1362: 1361: 1320: 1310: 1309: 1132:United Kingdom 1068:Yankee princess 662: 654: 653: 381:Avret Pazarları 327:Avret Pazarları 196:Medieval Europe 162: 152: 151: 90:Forced marriage 65: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13211: 13201: 13200: 13195: 13190: 13185: 13180: 13175: 13170: 13165: 13160: 13155: 13150: 13145: 13140: 13138:Sexual slavery 13123: 13122: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13097: 13096: 13092: 13087: 13082: 13077: 13072: 13071: 13070: 13068: 13062: 13061: 13057: 13052: 13051:Sexual slavery 13049: 13047:Sexual assault 13044: 13039: 13034: 13029: 13024: 13019: 13014: 13009: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12973: 12972: 12970: 12964: 12963: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12938: 12937: 12935: 12931: 12930: 12926: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12906: 12901: 12896: 12891: 12890: 12889: 12887: 12880: 12879: 12875: 12870: 12865: 12860: 12855: 12850: 12845: 12844: 12843: 12841: 12834: 12833: 12829: 12824: 12819: 12814: 12809: 12804: 12799: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12769:Hostage-taking 12766: 12761: 12756: 12751: 12746: 12741: 12736: 12735: 12734: 12732: 12728: 12727: 12723: 12714: 12709: 12704: 12699: 12694: 12689: 12684: 12679: 12674: 12669: 12664: 12659: 12654: 12649: 12644: 12639: 12634: 12629: 12624: 12619: 12614: 12609: 12604: 12599: 12598: 12597: 12595: 12588: 12587: 12583: 12582: 12577: 12572: 12567: 12562: 12557: 12556: 12555: 12545: 12544: 12543: 12533: 12528: 12518: 12513: 12508: 12503: 12498: 12493: 12488: 12483: 12478: 12473: 12468: 12463: 12458: 12453: 12448: 12443: 12438: 12432: 12431: 12430: 12428: 12422: 12421: 12419: 12418: 12397: 12395: 12393: 12392: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12372: 12367: 12362: 12356: 12354: 12350: 12349: 12340: 12337: 12336: 12328: 12327: 12320: 12313: 12305: 12296: 12295: 12293: 12292: 12290:Law portal 12279: 12276: 12275: 12273: 12272: 12267: 12261: 12259: 12258:Related topics 12255: 12254: 12252: 12251: 12246: 12241: 12235: 12233: 12229: 12228: 12226: 12225: 12223:Victim blaming 12220: 12215: 12210: 12205: 12200: 12195: 12190: 12185: 12179: 12177: 12171: 12170: 12168: 12167: 12166: 12165: 12160: 12150: 12148:Sexual slavery 12145: 12140: 12135: 12134: 12133: 12128: 12123: 12113: 12108: 12103: 12101:Sexual assault 12098: 12093: 12088: 12083: 12082: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12036: 12034:Money marriage 12031: 12026: 12021: 12016: 12015: 12014: 12009: 12004: 11999: 11994: 11992:Child-on-child 11984: 11978: 11976: 11972: 11971: 11964: 11963: 11956: 11949: 11941: 11935: 11934: 11926: 11925:External links 11923: 11921: 11920: 11919:4 January 2009 11914: 11884: 11877: 11872: 11865: 11858: 11851: 11844: 11837: 11831: 11815: 11809: 11796: 11790: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11768: 11763:978-0231120326 11762: 11747: 11742:978-0226767772 11741: 11722: 11717:978-0230614246 11716: 11701: 11695: 11679: 11677: 11674: 11671: 11670: 11644: 11618: 11591: 11565: 11543: 11517: 11498: 11472: 11446: 11420: 11394: 11368: 11342: 11324: 11306: 11299: 11275: 11248: 11222: 11192: 11189:New York Times 11169: 11142: 11116: 11086: 11060: 11042: 11016: 10985: 10970:. 1 May 2008. 10955: 10931: 10911: 10885: 10854: 10823: 10799: 10774: 10750: 10728: 10704: 10678: 10650: 10619: 10594: 10569: 10546: 10521: 10502:Athena Yenko, 10495: 10467: 10442: 10411: 10392:Samuel Smith, 10385: 10359: 10345: 10331: 10309: 10287: 10265: 10236: 10205: 10174: 10151: 10134: 10119: 10095: 10066: 10053: 10023: 9981: 9968: 9946: 9923: 9892: 9866: 9837: 9811: 9792: 9762: 9742: 9716: 9690: 9664: 9634: 9623:. 18 July 2004 9612: 9589: 9577: 9565: 9553: 9538: 9520: 9489: 9477: 9447: 9417: 9387: 9356: 9343: 9336: 9316: 9296: 9284: 9265: 9242: 9232: 9212: 9191: 9160: 9133: 9125: 9105: 9070: 9051: 9013:(4): 905–919. 8992: 8944: 8905: 8898: 8878: 8864: 8844: 8832: 8823: 8816: 8810:. p. 20. 8792: 8782: 8773: 8753: 8744: 8730: 8704: 8692: 8680: 8667: 8660: 8640: 8631: 8622: 8613: 8604: 8595: 8584: 8562: 8537: 8522: 8513: 8490: 8465: 8432: 8425: 8405: 8398: 8378: 8369: 8360: 8351: 8337: 8330: 8310: 8291: 8269: 8242: 8216: 8197: 8180:heraldcorp.com 8166: 8135: 8104: 8074: 8052: 8046:978-1317460251 8045: 8025: 8019:978-1317460251 8018: 7998: 7992:978-1317460244 7991: 7971: 7965:978-1317460251 7964: 7944: 7938:978-1317460251 7937: 7917: 7911:978-9971692674 7910: 7890: 7874: 7868:978-0821444900 7867: 7847: 7830: 7809: 7802: 7782: 7765: 7759:978-3891294062 7758: 7738: 7722: 7716:978-0870117336 7715: 7695: 7689:978-1317460244 7688: 7668: 7650: 7643: 7623: 7617:978-9971692674 7616: 7596: 7577:(2): 163–90 . 7558: 7542: 7536:978-1570754500 7535: 7515: 7509:978-1570754500 7508: 7488: 7471: 7454: 7439: 7432: 7426:. p. 52. 7407: 7400: 7394:. p. 49. 7375: 7357: 7339: 7321: 7307: 7287: 7268: 7256: 7244: 7237: 7217: 7187: 7163: 7149:George Scott, 7142: 7099: 7080:(3): 328–346. 7059: 7027: 6994: 6963: 6936: 6903: 6882: 6861: 6835: 6813: 6802:Welcome to the 6794: 6775: 6755: 6743: 6724: 6711: 6692: 6667: 6641: 6615: 6599: 6565: 6539: 6513: 6506: 6482: 6479:. 8 June 2016. 6464: 6447: 6429: 6409: 6390: 6383: 6365: 6346: 6343:. 20 May 2019. 6328: 6294:(3): 269–282. 6271: 6261: 6235: 6217: 6199: 6189: 6163: 6148: 6138: 6117: 6083: 6076: 6050: 6043: 6025: 6018: 6000: 5971: 5942: 5929:978-1932777864 5928: 5908: 5895:978-1846420603 5894: 5859: 5833: 5798: 5769: 5756:978-0313384615 5755: 5749:. p. 34. 5731: 5724: 5703: 5677: 5647: 5618: 5574: 5557: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5541: 5538: 5535: 5494: 5474: 5454: 5429: 5416:978-1443868532 5415: 5395: 5382:978-1136829239 5381: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5346: 5345: 5340: 5330: 5325: 5318: 5315: 5287:Eastern Europe 5263: 5260: 5220: 5217: 5167: 5164: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 4979:commercial sex 4914:Main article: 4911: 4908: 4814: 4811: 4794: 4791: 4764:Main article: 4761: 4758: 4706:Main article: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4660:Main article: 4634:ethnic Chinese 4618: 4615: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4431:other colonies 4377:Main article: 4374: 4371: 4254:age of consent 4252:, raising the 4200: 4199: 4180:firman of 1854 4161:Middle Eastern 4157:women enslaved 4118: 4115: 4113:in the 1960s. 3883:William Muir, 3875: 3837: 3834: 3824:", which is a 3818:Imperial Japan 3758:Southeast Asia 3704:and conquered 3622: 3619: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3570:Main article: 3567: 3564: 3560:Asparn-Schletz 3526:Roman Catholic 3460:with a strong 3418: 3415: 3365:(southeastern 3322: 3319: 3286:Main article: 3283: 3280: 3229:Main article: 3226: 3223: 3214:live streaming 3202:Main article: 3199: 3196: 3176:Main article: 3173: 3170: 3157:Main article: 3154: 3151: 3121:Main article: 3118: 3115: 3083:Main article: 3080: 3077: 3049:Main article: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 2991: 2988: 2931:ritual slavery 2918:, such as the 2888:Sexual slavery 2883: 2882: 2880: 2879: 2872: 2865: 2857: 2854: 2853: 2852: 2851: 2849:Law portal 2839: 2824: 2823: 2819: 2818: 2817: 2816: 2811: 2803: 2802: 2798: 2797: 2796: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2774: 2773: 2768: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2746:Sexual assault 2743: 2742: 2741: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2710: 2709: 2704: 2694: 2689: 2688: 2687: 2682: 2672: 2667: 2666: 2665: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2619: 2618: 2608: 2606:Child grooming 2603: 2598: 2597: 2596: 2586: 2585: 2584: 2571: 2570: 2558: 2557: 2556: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2501: 2500: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2443:Age of consent 2440: 2406: 2392: 2387: 2379: 2378: 2374: 2373: 2365: 2364: 2354: 2353: 2351: 2350: 2343: 2336: 2328: 2325: 2324: 2323: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2274: 2273: 2272:Related topics 2269: 2268: 2267: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2228: 2227: 2221: 2220: 2219: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2139: 2138: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2099: 2098: 2094: 2093: 2092: 2091: 2086: 2085: 2084: 2079: 2069: 2067:Breast ironing 2064: 2056: 2055: 2051: 2050: 2049: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2027: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2004:Sexual assault 2001: 2000: 1999: 1994: 1992:Unacknowledged 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1899: 1894: 1893: 1892: 1887: 1885:Sexual slavery 1882: 1877: 1872: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1838: 1837: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1819:Pregnant women 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1783: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1771: 1770: 1758: 1757: 1755: 1754: 1747: 1740: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1719: 1718: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1701: 1700: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1644: 1643: 1638: 1628: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1616: 1609:List of slaves 1606: 1605: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1513: 1512: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1491: 1490: 1480: 1475: 1474: 1473: 1468: 1458: 1457: 1456: 1451: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1373: 1368: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1343: 1342: 1337: 1327: 1321: 1316: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1206: 1205: 1201: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1153:Dutch Republic 1150: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1138: 1130: 1124: 1123: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1085: 1084: 1078: 1077: 1072: 1071: 1070: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1021: 1016: 1015: 1014: 1009: 999: 998: 997: 992: 987: 977: 972: 967: 961: 960: 954: 953: 948: 941: 940: 939: 934: 924: 919: 914: 913: 912: 902: 897: 896: 895: 890: 885: 880: 870: 865: 860: 859: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 803: 802: 801: 791: 790: 789: 778: 777: 771: 770: 765: 760: 755: 754: 753: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 703: 698: 697: 696: 686: 681: 676: 670: 669: 663: 660: 659: 656: 655: 652: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 625: 624: 620: 619: 614: 612:Child soldiers 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 588: 587: 577: 572: 567: 562: 561: 560: 555: 550: 539: 538: 534: 533: 528: 523: 521:Spanish Empire 518: 513: 508: 503: 501:Middle Passage 498: 493: 488: 483: 477: 476: 470: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 438: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 363: 362: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 331: 330: 329: 322:Ottoman Empire 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 283: 277: 276: 270: 269: 268: 267: 257: 252: 247: 246: 245: 240: 235: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 199: 198: 192: 191: 186: 181: 176: 170: 169: 163: 158: 157: 154: 153: 150: 149: 144: 142:Sexual slavery 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 114: 109: 108: 107: 102: 100:Child marriage 97: 87: 82: 77: 75:Child soldiers 72: 66: 61: 60: 57: 56: 48: 47: 37: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13210: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13156: 13154: 13151: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13135: 13133: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13098: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13069: 13067: 13063: 13056: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13008: 13005: 13003: 13002:Homosexuality 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12971: 12969: 12965: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12936: 12932: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12905: 12902: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12888: 12886: 12881: 12874: 12871: 12869: 12866: 12864: 12861: 12859: 12856: 12854: 12851: 12849: 12846: 12842: 12840: 12835: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12808: 12805: 12803: 12802:Miscegenation 12800: 12797: 12793: 12789: 12785: 12782: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12733: 12729: 12722: 12718: 12715: 12713: 12710: 12708: 12705: 12703: 12700: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12682:Pickpocketing 12680: 12678: 12675: 12673: 12670: 12668: 12665: 12663: 12660: 12658: 12655: 12653: 12650: 12648: 12645: 12643: 12640: 12638: 12635: 12633: 12630: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12596: 12594: 12589: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12558: 12554: 12551: 12550: 12549: 12546: 12542: 12539: 12538: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12526: 12522: 12519: 12517: 12514: 12512: 12509: 12507: 12504: 12502: 12499: 12497: 12494: 12492: 12489: 12487: 12486:Home invasion 12484: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12467: 12464: 12462: 12459: 12457: 12454: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12444: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12436:Assassination 12434: 12433: 12429: 12427: 12423: 12416: 12410: 12405: 12401: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12361: 12358: 12357: 12355: 12351: 12347: 12345: 12338: 12334: 12326: 12321: 12319: 12314: 12312: 12307: 12306: 12303: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12280: 12277: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12262: 12260: 12256: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12236: 12234: 12230: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12191: 12189: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12180: 12178: 12172: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12155: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12118: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12092: 12089: 12087: 12084: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12041: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12000: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11990: 11989: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11979: 11977: 11973: 11969: 11962: 11957: 11955: 11950: 11948: 11943: 11942: 11939: 11932: 11929: 11928: 11918: 11915: 11911: 11905: 11889: 11885: 11883:February 2007 11882: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11870: 11866: 11863: 11859: 11856: 11852: 11849: 11845: 11842: 11838: 11834: 11828: 11824: 11820: 11816: 11812: 11806: 11803:. NYU PRESS. 11802: 11797: 11793: 11787: 11783: 11778: 11777: 11765: 11759: 11755: 11754: 11748: 11744: 11738: 11734: 11730: 11729: 11723: 11719: 11713: 11709: 11708: 11702: 11698: 11692: 11688: 11687: 11681: 11680: 11658: 11654: 11648: 11632: 11628: 11622: 11606: 11602: 11595: 11579: 11575: 11569: 11553: 11547: 11531: 11527: 11521: 11511: 11507: 11502: 11486: 11482: 11476: 11460: 11456: 11450: 11434: 11430: 11424: 11408: 11404: 11398: 11382: 11378: 11372: 11356: 11352: 11346: 11340: 11336: 11333: 11328: 11322: 11318: 11315: 11310: 11302: 11296: 11292: 11288: 11287: 11279: 11263: 11259: 11252: 11236: 11232: 11226: 11210: 11206: 11202: 11196: 11190: 11186: 11182: 11179: 11173: 11157: 11153: 11146: 11130: 11126: 11120: 11104: 11100: 11096: 11090: 11074: 11070: 11064: 11056: 11052: 11046: 11030: 11026: 11020: 11004: 11000: 10996: 10989: 10973: 10969: 10965: 10959: 10953:, 8 May 2007. 10952: 10951: 10947: 10943: 10940: 10935: 10927: 10926: 10921: 10915: 10899: 10895: 10889: 10873: 10869: 10865: 10858: 10842: 10838: 10834: 10827: 10821: 10820: 10816: 10812: 10809: 10803: 10797: 10796: 10791: 10787: 10784: 10778: 10772: 10771: 10767: 10763: 10760: 10754: 10748: 10745: 10741: 10738: 10732: 10726: 10725: 10721: 10717: 10714: 10708: 10692: 10688: 10682: 10667: 10666: 10661: 10654: 10638: 10634: 10630: 10623: 10616: 10615: 10611: 10607: 10604: 10598: 10591: 10590: 10586: 10582: 10579: 10573: 10566: 10563: 10559: 10556: 10550: 10543: 10542: 10538: 10534: 10531: 10525: 10518: 10516: 10512: 10508: 10505: 10499: 10492: 10491: 10487: 10483: 10480: 10476: 10471: 10464: 10463: 10459: 10455: 10452: 10446: 10430: 10426: 10422: 10415: 10408: 10407: 10402: 10398: 10395: 10389: 10382: 10381: 10376: 10372: 10369: 10363: 10355: 10349: 10341: 10335: 10319: 10313: 10297: 10291: 10283: 10279: 10275: 10269: 10254: 10250: 10243: 10241: 10224: 10220: 10219:The Telegraph 10216: 10209: 10194:on 8 May 2013 10193: 10189: 10185: 10178: 10170: 10166: 10162: 10155: 10147: 10146: 10138: 10130: 10123: 10116: 10112: 10108: 10105: 10099: 10083: 10079: 10073: 10071: 10063: 10057: 10041: 10037: 10033: 10027: 10011: 10007: 10003: 9996: 9994: 9992: 9990: 9988: 9986: 9978: 9972: 9965: 9961: 9958: 9953: 9951: 9943: 9939: 9935: 9932: 9927: 9911: 9907: 9903: 9896: 9880: 9876: 9870: 9854: 9850: 9847: 9841: 9834: 9833: 9828: 9824: 9821: 9815: 9808: 9804: 9801: 9796: 9780: 9776: 9772: 9766: 9759: 9755: 9752: 9746: 9730: 9726: 9720: 9704: 9700: 9694: 9678: 9674: 9668: 9652: 9648: 9644: 9638: 9622: 9616: 9609: 9605: 9601: 9598: 9593: 9586: 9581: 9574: 9569: 9562: 9557: 9549: 9545: 9541: 9535: 9531: 9524: 9508: 9504: 9500: 9493: 9486: 9481: 9465: 9461: 9457: 9451: 9435: 9431: 9427: 9421: 9405: 9401: 9397: 9391: 9375: 9371: 9367: 9360: 9353: 9347: 9339: 9337:9780203644317 9333: 9329: 9328: 9320: 9314: 9310: 9306: 9300: 9293: 9288: 9281: 9277: 9274: 9269: 9261: 9257: 9253: 9246: 9239: 9235: 9229: 9225: 9224: 9216: 9209: 9205: 9201: 9195: 9179: 9175: 9171: 9164: 9153: 9146: 9145: 9137: 9128: 9122: 9118: 9117: 9109: 9101: 9097: 9093: 9089: 9085: 9081: 9080:Social Forces 9074: 9066: 9062: 9055: 9046: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9028: 9024: 9020: 9016: 9012: 9008: 9004: 8996: 8987: 8983: 8979: 8975: 8971: 8967: 8963: 8959: 8955: 8948: 8940: 8936: 8932: 8928: 8924: 8920: 8916: 8909: 8901: 8899:9781351809184 8895: 8892:. Routledge. 8891: 8890: 8882: 8867: 8861: 8857: 8856: 8848: 8842: 8839:Cecil Adams, 8836: 8827: 8819: 8817:9780815653165 8813: 8809: 8805: 8804: 8796: 8786: 8777: 8770: 8766: 8763: 8757: 8748: 8741: 8734: 8726: 8722: 8715: 8708: 8699: 8697: 8687: 8685: 8677: 8674:Linda Frost, 8671: 8663: 8657: 8653: 8652: 8644: 8635: 8626: 8617: 8608: 8599: 8592: 8587: 8581: 8577: 8573: 8566: 8551: 8550:www.bbc.co.uk 8547: 8541: 8534: 8533: 8526: 8517: 8510: 8505: 8501: 8494: 8487: 8486:0-465-00071-1 8483: 8479: 8475: 8469: 8462: 8449: 8445: 8439: 8437: 8428: 8426:9780674541870 8422: 8418: 8417: 8409: 8401: 8399:9789004098688 8395: 8391: 8390: 8382: 8373: 8364: 8355: 8347: 8341: 8333: 8327: 8323: 8322: 8314: 8307: 8303: 8300: 8295: 8279: 8273: 8257: 8253: 8246: 8230: 8226: 8220: 8212: 8206: 8201: 8185: 8181: 8177: 8170: 8154: 8150: 8146: 8139: 8123: 8119: 8115: 8108: 8092: 8088: 8084: 8078: 8070: 8066: 8062: 8056: 8048: 8042: 8038: 8037: 8029: 8021: 8015: 8011: 8010: 8002: 7994: 7988: 7985:. Routledge. 7984: 7983: 7975: 7967: 7961: 7957: 7956: 7948: 7940: 7934: 7930: 7929: 7921: 7913: 7907: 7903: 7902: 7894: 7886: 7885: 7878: 7870: 7864: 7860: 7859: 7851: 7843: 7834: 7826: 7825:Sandakan Tomb 7822: 7821: 7813: 7805: 7803:9789971692674 7799: 7795: 7794: 7786: 7778: 7777: 7769: 7761: 7755: 7751: 7750: 7742: 7734: 7733: 7726: 7718: 7712: 7708: 7707: 7699: 7691: 7685: 7682:. Routledge. 7681: 7680: 7672: 7664: 7660: 7654: 7646: 7640: 7636: 7635: 7627: 7619: 7613: 7609: 7608: 7600: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7562: 7554: 7553: 7546: 7538: 7532: 7528: 7527: 7519: 7511: 7505: 7501: 7500: 7492: 7484: 7483: 7475: 7467: 7466: 7458: 7451: 7446: 7444: 7435: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7414: 7412: 7403: 7397: 7393: 7389: 7382: 7380: 7373: 7369: 7368: 7361: 7355: 7351: 7350: 7343: 7337: 7333: 7332: 7325: 7310: 7308:9781300568070 7304: 7300: 7299: 7291: 7284: 7280: 7277: 7272: 7265: 7260: 7253: 7248: 7240: 7234: 7230: 7229: 7221: 7214: 7213: 7209: 7206: 7201: 7197: 7191: 7184: 7180: 7176: 7173: 7167: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7146: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7124: 7123: 7118: 7114: 7111: 7110: 7103: 7095: 7091: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7047: 7043: 7042: 7037: 7031: 7015: 7011: 7010: 7005: 6998: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6967: 6951: 6947: 6940: 6924: 6920: 6919: 6918:The Economist 6914: 6907: 6899: 6895: 6889: 6887: 6878: 6874: 6868: 6866: 6849: 6845: 6839: 6832: 6831: 6827: 6824: 6817: 6810: 6806: 6803: 6798: 6791: 6787: 6784: 6779: 6772: 6768: 6765: 6759: 6752: 6747: 6740: 6736: 6733: 6728: 6721: 6715: 6708: 6704: 6701: 6696: 6681: 6677: 6671: 6655: 6651: 6645: 6630:. 26 May 2016 6629: 6625: 6619: 6613: 6609: 6603: 6585: 6578: 6577: 6573:Bob Wallace, 6569: 6553: 6549: 6543: 6527: 6523: 6517: 6509: 6503: 6499: 6498: 6494: 6486: 6478: 6474: 6468: 6460: 6454: 6452: 6443: 6439: 6433: 6424: 6420: 6413: 6405: 6401: 6394: 6386: 6384:9781925304336 6380: 6376: 6369: 6361: 6360:The Telegraph 6357: 6350: 6342: 6338: 6332: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6289: 6282: 6275: 6268: 6264: 6258: 6254: 6249: 6248: 6239: 6232: 6228: 6221: 6214: 6210: 6203: 6196: 6192: 6186: 6182: 6177: 6176: 6167: 6159: 6152: 6145: 6141: 6135: 6131: 6124: 6122: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6090: 6088: 6079: 6073: 6069: 6064: 6063: 6054: 6046: 6040: 6036: 6029: 6021: 6015: 6011: 6004: 5997: 5985: 5981: 5975: 5959: 5955: 5949: 5947: 5931: 5925: 5921: 5920: 5912: 5897: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5878: 5877: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5847: 5843: 5837: 5818: 5811: 5805: 5803: 5786: 5782: 5776: 5774: 5758: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5743: 5735: 5727: 5721: 5717: 5710: 5708: 5691: 5687: 5681: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5651: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5630: 5622: 5603: 5600:(39): 29–30. 5599: 5595: 5588: 5581: 5579: 5570: 5564: 5562: 5552: 5542: 5539: 5536: 5532: 5531: 5530: 5529: 5515:on 9 May 2013 5514: 5510: 5506: 5498: 5491: 5487: 5481: 5479: 5471: 5467: 5464: 5458: 5443: 5439: 5433: 5418: 5412: 5408: 5407: 5399: 5384: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5369: 5361: 5359: 5354: 5344: 5341: 5338: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5320: 5314: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5292: 5288: 5283: 5281: 5272: 5268: 5259: 5257: 5252: 5248: 5246: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5226: 5216: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5194: 5190: 5184: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5163: 5160: 5156: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5125: 5121: 5120:spoils of war 5117: 5113: 5109: 5108: 5102: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5087: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5028: 5026: 5022: 5021: 5015: 5013: 5012:Vancouver Sun 5007: 5003: 4999: 4994: 4990: 4988: 4982: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4948: 4944: 4939: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4928:South America 4925: 4924: 4917: 4907: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4884: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4820: 4810: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4790: 4788: 4783: 4779: 4777: 4773: 4767: 4757: 4755: 4750: 4748: 4743: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4724: 4709: 4700: 4686: 4682: 4680: 4676: 4673:camps during 4672: 4669: 4663: 4662:Comfort women 4655: 4654:Comfort women 4650: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4614: 4612: 4607: 4603: 4598: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4574: 4570: 4555: 4553: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4539:Tanka females 4535: 4534: 4532: 4527: 4526: 4521: 4517: 4516:Ruby McCollum 4513: 4508: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4491: 4487: 4481: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4462:Sally Hemings 4459: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4423: 4419: 4417: 4413: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4380: 4373:United States 4370: 4367: 4362: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4347:U.S. attorney 4344: 4339: 4338:in May 1904. 4337: 4332: 4327: 4325: 4321: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4295:In 1884, the 4293: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4255: 4251: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4229: 4224: 4220: 4217: 4212: 4208: 4205: 4197: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4189: 4184: 4181: 4175: 4173: 4172:a slave trade 4169: 4165: 4162: 4158: 4150: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4117:White slavery 4114: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4095: 4092:in so called 4091: 4088:in 1783, the 4087: 4082: 4080: 4074: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4060: 4059:Ottoman Egypt 4056: 4052: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4030: 4027: 4022: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3999: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3945:Abbasid harem 3941: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3896: 3889: 3886: 3879: 3873: 3869: 3868:Safavid harem 3865: 3864:Abbasid harem 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3833: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3822:comfort women 3819: 3815: 3810: 3808: 3802: 3798: 3797: 3793: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3713: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3686: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3659: 3655: 3650: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3618: 3616: 3609: 3605: 3590: 3588: 3587:War in Bosnia 3585:) and in the 3584: 3579: 3573: 3563: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3544: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3502: 3494: 3489: 3485: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3470:social status 3467: 3463: 3462:social stigma 3459: 3455: 3447: 3446:Louvre Museum 3443: 3439: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3424: 3414: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3394: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3333:, recognizes 3332: 3328: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3289: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3250: 3246: 3241: 3237: 3232: 3222: 3220: 3215: 3211: 3205: 3195: 3191: 3189: 3185: 3179: 3169: 3167: 3160: 3150: 3147: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3132: 3130: 3124: 3114: 3110: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3086: 3076: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3061: 3058: 3052: 3036: 3034: 3027: 3025: 3024:Mark Klamberg 3020: 3016: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2970: 2966: 2961: 2959: 2954: 2952: 2951:Forced labour 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2878: 2873: 2871: 2866: 2864: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2820: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2805: 2804: 2800: 2799: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2772: 2771:Female sodomy 2769: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2740: 2737: 2736: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2699: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2677: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2595: 2592: 2591: 2590: 2587: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2578: 2575: 2574: 2573: 2572: 2567: 2560: 2559: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2537:World Charter 2534: 2530: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2478:Antisexualism 2476: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2463:Miscegenation 2461: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2382: 2381: 2380: 2377:Social issues 2376: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2359: 2349: 2344: 2342: 2337: 2335: 2330: 2329: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2276: 2275: 2271: 2270: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2254:Belém do Pará 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2231: 2230: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2222: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2201: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2159:Force-feeding 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2135:and pregnancy 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2101: 2100: 2096: 2095: 2090: 2087: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2058: 2057: 2054:Disfigurement 2053: 2052: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2005: 2002: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1880:Fetish slaves 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1841: 1840: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1799:Honor killing 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1789:Bride burning 1787: 1786: 1785: 1784: 1780: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1763: 1753: 1748: 1746: 1741: 1739: 1734: 1733: 1731: 1730: 1723: 1720: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1699: 1696: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1665: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1653:Slave catcher 1651: 1649: 1646: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1582:Forced labour 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1563: 1562: 1553: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1503: 1501: 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1086: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1066: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1030: 1029:comfort women 1027: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1013: 1012:Chukri System 1010: 1008: 1005: 1004: 1003: 1000: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 982: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 962: 959: 956: 955: 952: 949: 946: 942: 938: 935: 933: 930: 929: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 911: 908: 907: 906: 903: 901: 900:Latin America 898: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 875: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 857: 854: 852: 851:interregional 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 836:prison labour 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 808: 807: 806:United States 804: 800: 797: 796: 795: 792: 788: 785: 784: 783: 780: 779: 776: 773: 772: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 752: 749: 748: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 695: 692: 691: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 671: 668: 665: 664: 658: 657: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 626: 622: 621: 618: 617:White slavery 615: 613: 610: 608: 607:Slave raiding 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 586: 583: 582: 581: 578: 576: 575:Corvée labour 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 545: 544: 541: 540: 536: 535: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 478: 475: 472: 471: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 391:Abbasid harem 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 368: 367: 364: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 336: 335: 334:Barbary Coast 332: 328: 325: 324: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 287: 284: 282: 279: 278: 275: 272: 271: 266: 263: 262: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 230: 229: 226: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 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Retrieved 7297: 7290: 7271: 7259: 7247: 7227: 7220: 7203: 7195: 7190: 7182: 7166: 7158: 7154: 7150: 7145: 7137: 7134:Compare with 7133: 7121: 7108: 7102: 7077: 7073: 7050:. Retrieved 7046:the original 7039: 7030: 7018:. Retrieved 7007: 6997: 6985:. Retrieved 6976: 6966: 6954:. Retrieved 6939: 6927:. Retrieved 6916: 6906: 6877:the original 6852:. Retrieved 6838: 6821: 6816: 6797: 6778: 6758: 6746: 6727: 6714: 6695: 6683:. Retrieved 6679: 6670: 6658:. Retrieved 6654:the original 6644: 6632:. Retrieved 6627: 6618: 6611: 6602: 6591:, retrieved 6584:the original 6575: 6568: 6556:. Retrieved 6542: 6530:. Retrieved 6526:the original 6516: 6496: 6492: 6485: 6476: 6467: 6441: 6432: 6425:(1): 64–183. 6422: 6418: 6412: 6403: 6393: 6374: 6368: 6359: 6349: 6340: 6331: 6319:. Retrieved 6291: 6287: 6274: 6266: 6246: 6238: 6230: 6226: 6220: 6212: 6208: 6202: 6194: 6174: 6166: 6157: 6151: 6143: 6129: 6108:. Retrieved 6099: 6061: 6053: 6034: 6028: 6009: 6003: 5995: 5988:. 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