3212:
530:
3102:
3607:
3361:
2610:. The ability to rely on such an arrangement, however, presupposes some degree of predictability with regard to both war-fighting requirements and the scope of hostilities. Many states that have abolished conscription still, therefore, reserve the power to resume conscription during wartime or times of crisis. States involved in wars or interstate rivalries are most likely to implement conscription, and democracies are less likely than autocracies to implement conscription. With a few exceptions, such as Singapore and Egypt, former British colonies are less likely to have conscription, as they are influenced by British anti-conscription norms that can be traced back to the
3254:
8315:
6813:
4889:
2881:
4687:
3455:, conscription during peacetime is not worthwhile. Months or years of service performed by the most fit and capable subtract from the productivity of the economy; add to this the cost of training them, and in some countries paying them. Compared to these extensive costs, some would argue there is very little benefit; if there ever was a war then conscription and basic training could be completed quickly, and in any case there is little threat of a war in most countries with conscription. In the United States, every male resident is required by law to register with the
2812:
4624:
3471:
forced to fight as amateur soldiers. Not only is the work effort of the conscripts wasted and productivity lost, but professionally skilled conscripts are also difficult to replace in the civilian workforce. Every soldier conscripted in the army is taken away from his civilian work, and away from contributing to the economy which funds the military. This may be less a problem in an agrarian or pre-industrialized state where the level of education is generally low, and where a worker is easily replaced by another. However, this is potentially more costly in a
4089:
7215:
4754:
8357:
has been greatly reduced aiming at full professionalization. Nevertheless, mandatory military service at the army was once again raised to 12 months in March 2021, unless served in units in Evros or the North Aegean islands where duration was kept at 9 months. Although full professionalization is under consideration, severe financial difficulties and mismanagement, including delays and reduced rates in the hiring of professional soldiers, as well as widespread abuse of the deferment process, has resulted in the postponement of such a plan.
7559:
8366:
79:
31:
4961:
4375:
7261:
4573:
7981:
4775:
7424:
4270:
4021:
8278:
4868:
5054:
6585:
7584:
6648:
6501:
6361:
7614:
7382:
5432:
16231:
8818:
8134:
7492:
7030:
6923:
6834:
4489:
3504:
7081:
6480:
6396:
5033:
4733:
4161:
3937:
7051:
7661:
7361:
7289:
6902:
6225:
6138:
5819:
5756:
4603:
4203:
4140:
6267:
6008:
5987:
5262:
3160:. The Prussians were used to relying on superior organization and tactical factors such as order of battle to focus superior troops against inferior ones. Given approximately equivalent forces, as was generally the case with professional armies, these factors showed considerable importance. However, they became considerably less important when the Prussian armies faced Napoleon's forces that outnumbered their own in some cases by more than ten to one.
7123:
6417:
5966:
7682:
6944:
5558:
5390:
4042:
4228:
7766:
6988:
6606:
6204:
6050:
5495:
5142:
4940:
4531:
4468:
4396:
7331:
7310:
7169:
6967:
6695:
6564:
6075:
5121:
4712:
4552:
5184:
7534:
7445:
6459:
6293:
6180:
5924:
5693:
5625:
5516:
5075:
4982:
4796:
4510:
4354:
4249:
4182:
4068:
7703:
7640:
7009:
6855:
6741:
6319:
6246:
5903:
5882:
5283:
5096:
4910:
4115:
3979:
3958:
8532:
8404:, continuing their education at university, finding a job, going abroad, opening a bank account, etc. Iranian men have so far opposed mandatory military service and demanded that military service in Iran become a job like in other countries, but the Islamic Republic is opposed to this demand. Some Iranian military commanders consider the elimination of conscription or improving the condition of soldiers as a security issue and one of
7466:
6876:
5861:
5798:
5735:
5646:
5453:
4838:
4447:
4291:
7745:
7513:
6792:
6522:
6159:
6029:
5411:
5360:
4333:
4000:
7144:
5474:
5241:
7724:
7403:
7240:
6720:
6438:
6340:
6117:
5945:
5777:
5339:
5003:
4666:
4312:
5309:
8631:
1996. The suspension means that citizens are no longer forced to serve in the armed forces, as long as it is not required for the safety of the country. Since then, the Dutch army has become an all-professional force. However, to this day, every male and – from
January 2020 onward – female citizen aged 17 gets a letter in which they are told that they have been registered but do not have to present themselves for service.
6543:
2663:, the hiring of substitutes appears to have been practiced both before and after the creation of the code. Later records show that Ilkum commitments could become regularly traded. In other places, people simply left their towns to avoid their Ilkum service. Another option was to sell Ilkum lands and the commitments along with them. With the exception of a few exempted classes, this was forbidden by the Code of Hammurabi.
5163:
4817:
6627:
6096:
5840:
5604:
5583:
4645:
7190:
6674:
4417:
6762:
5214:
14120:όλοι οι Κύπριοι πολίτες, περιλαμβανομένων και των προσώπων που έχουν οποιοδήποτε από τους δύο γονείς κυπριακής καταγωγής, αλλά δεν έχουν καταστεί πολίτες της Δημοκρατίας, ηλικίας 16 μέχρι και 26 ετών, για να τους επιτραπεί η έξοδος από τη χώρα, απαιτείται όπως επιδεικνύουν στα λιμάνια και αεροδρόμια, άδεια εξόδου η οποία εκδίδεται από το Υπουργείο Άμυνας και τα κατά τόπους Στρατολογικά Γραφεία της Εθνικής Φρουράς.
7886:
5672:
7102:
5714:
5537:
16245:
3325:. In September 2021, the House of Representatives passed the annual Defense Authorization Act, which included an amendment that states that "all Americans between the ages of 18 and 25 must register for selective service." This amendment omitted the word "male", which would have extended a potential draft to women; however, the amendment was removed before the National Defense Authorization Act was passed.
3814:, the three justices agreed that the male-only draft was likely unconstitutional given the changes in the military's stance on the roles, but because Congress had been reviewing and evaluating legislation to eliminate its male-only draft requirement via the National Commission on Military, National, and Public Service (NCMNPS) since 2016, it would have been inappropriate for the Court to act at that time.
3180:
3250:("People's Storm") and included boys as young as 16 and men as old as 60. During the Second World War, both Britain and the Soviet Union conscripted women. The United States was on the verge of drafting women into the Nurse Corps because it anticipated it would need the extra personnel for its planned invasion of Japan. However, the Japanese surrendered and the idea was abandoned.
15036:
8019:
introduced to the Danish military and their health will be tested. Physically unfit persons are not required to do military service. It is only compulsory for men, while women are free to choose to join the Danish army. Almost all of the men have been volunteers in recent years, 96.9% of the total number of recruits having been volunteers in the 2015 draft.
7850:. Also the National Assembly has repeatedly rejected to reintroduce it due to popular resentment. However, in November 2006, it was reintroduced. Although mandatory for all males between the ages of 18 and 30 (with some sources stating up to age 35), less than 20% of those in the age group are recruited amidst a downsizing of the armed forces.
3352:, or pay extra taxes, whereas women do not have these obligations. In the US, men who do not register with the Selective Service cannot apply for citizenship, receive federal financial aid, grants or loans, be employed by the federal government, be admitted to public colleges or universities, or, in some states, obtain a driver's license.
8627:
twentieth century. Since the Cold War was over, so was the direct threat of a war. Instead, the Dutch army was employed in more and more peacekeeping operations. The complexity and danger of these missions made the use of conscripts controversial. Furthermore, the conscription system was thought to be unfair as only men were drafted.
2652:. Under that system those eligible were required to serve in the royal army in time of war. During times of peace they were instead required to provide labour for other activities of the state. In return for this service, people subject to it gained the right to hold land. It is possible that this right was not to hold land
3195:, the military service time "owed" by serfs was 25 years at the beginning of the 19th century. In 1834 it was decreased to 20 years. The recruits were to be not younger than 17 and not older than 35. In 1874 Russia introduced universal conscription in the modern pattern, an innovation only made possible by the abolition of
13135:
personal, military or civil service." Section 4 Article XVI of the
Philippine constitution reads, "The Armed Forces of the Philippines shall be composed of a citizen armed force which shall undergo military training and serve as may be provided by law. It shall keep a regular force necessary for the security of the State."
8902:
Germans. From early 1942 unmarried women age 20–30 were conscripted (unmarried women who had dependent children aged 14 or younger, including those who had illegitimate children or were widows with children were excluded). Most women who were conscripted were sent to the factories, but they could volunteer for the
8836:) for men between 1901 and 2010. During the last few decades it was selective. Since 1980, women have been allowed to sign up by choice, and, if passing the tests, do military training together with male conscripts. Since 1989 women have been allowed to serve in all military positions and units, including combat.
8630:
In the
European part of Netherlands, compulsory attendance has been officially suspended since 1 May 1997. Between 1991 and 1996, the Dutch armed forces phased out their conscript personnel and converted to an all-professional force. The last conscript troops were inducted in 1995, and demobilized in
3442:
and to raise and support armies. The Court also relied on the principle of the reciprocal rights and duties of citizens. "It may not be doubted that the very conception of a just government in its duty to the citizen includes the reciprocal obligation of the citizen to render military service in case
2995:
to supply their
Jannissaries corps. Their attacks on ships off the coast of Africa or in the Mediterranean, and subsequent capture of able-bodied men for ransom or sale provided some captives for the Sultan's system. Starting in the 17th century, Christian families living under the Ottoman rule began
12263:
All male citizens must register at the local PLA office in the year they reach the age of 18. Local governments get annual recruitment quotas, and local PLA offices select recruits according to medical and political criteria and military requirements. Call-up for military service then takes place at
9903:
In contradistinction to profeminism, however, the men's rights perspective addresses specific legal and cultural factors that put men at a disadvantage. The movement is made up of a variety of formal and informal groups that differ in their approaches and issues; Men's rights advocates, for example,
7868:
was mobilized for longer periods during wartime. Compulsory service in the sedentary militia continued until the early 1880s when Canada's sedentary
Reserve Militia system fell into disuse. The legislative provision that formally made every male inhabitant aged 16 to 60 member of the Reserve Militia
8901:
In all, eight million men were conscripted during both World Wars, as well as several hundred thousand younger single women. The introduction of conscription in May 1939, before the war began, was partly due to pressure from the French, who emphasized the need for a large
British army to oppose the
8626:
Later on, conscription was used for all men over the age of 18. Postponement was possible, due to study, for example. Conscientious objectors could perform an alternative civilian service instead of military service. For various reasons, this forced military service was criticized at the end of the
8190:
are exempt from military service. By the
Conscription Act of 1951, they are, however, required to serve a time at a local institution, like the coast guard. However, until such service has been arranged, they are freed from service obligation. The non-military service of Åland has not been arranged
3332:; second, that the military is a sexist institution and that conscripts are therefore indoctrinated into sexism; and third, that conscription of men normalizes violence by men as socially acceptable. Feminists have been organizers and participants in resistance to conscription in several countries.
2692:
aged 15 to 60 living in the countryside or in urban centers, were summoned for military duty when required by either the king or the local lord, bringing along the weapons and armor according to their wealth. These levies fought as footmen, sergeants, and men at arms under local superiors appointed
9001:
issued a declaratory judgment that the male-only registration requirement is unconstitutional, though did not specify what action the government should take. That ruling was reversed by the Fifth
Circuit. In June 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to review the decision by the Court of Appeals.
8356:
enforces conscription for all male citizens aged between 19 and 45. In August 2009, duration of the mandatory service was reduced from 12 months as it was before to 9 months for the army, but remained at 12 months for the navy and the air force. The number of conscripts allocated to the latter two
8172:
Conscription can take the form of military or of civilian service. According to 2021 data, 65% of
Finnish males entered and finished the military service. The number of female volunteers to annually enter armed service had stabilised at approximately 300. The service period is 165, 255 or 347 days
8091:
In the formative years, conscripts had to serve an 18-month term. An amendment passed in 1994 shortened this to 12 months. Further revisions in 2003 established an eleven-month term for draftees trained as NCOs and drivers, and an eight-month term for rank & file. Under the current system, the
13146:
8349:
The duration of military service has historically ranged between 9 and 36 months depending on various factors either particular to the conscript or the political situation in the
Eastern Mediterranean. Although women are employed by the Greek army as officers and soldiers, they are not obliged to
8066:
in October 1995. However, the period of enlistment may be extended during times of national crisis, and in practice, the typical period of national service is considerably longer than the minimum. Since the 1990s, conscription has been effectively open-ended; this draft policy has been likened to
3202:
In the decades prior to World War I universal conscription along broadly Prussian lines became the norm for European armies, and those modeled on them. By 1914 the only substantial armies still completely dependent on voluntary enlistment were those of Britain and the United States. Some colonial
8653:
currently employs a weak form of mandatory military service for men and women. In practice recruits are not forced to serve, instead only those who are motivated are selected. About 60,000 Norwegians are available for conscription every year, but only 8,000 to 10,000 are conscripted. Since 1985,
8341:
Universal conscription was introduced in Greece during the military reforms of 1909, although various forms of selective conscription had been in place earlier. In more recent years, conscription was associated with the state of general mobilisation declared on 20 July 1974, due to the crisis in
13134:
Section 4 Article II of the Philippine constitution reads, "The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the people. The Government may call upon the people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render
8839:
In 2010, conscription was made gender-neutral, meaning both women and men would be conscripted on equal terms. The conscription system was simultaneously deactivated in peacetime. Seven years later, referencing increased military threat, the Swedish Government reactivated military conscription.
8018:
The legislation about compulsory military service is articulated in the Danish Law of Conscription. National service takes 4–12 months. It is possible to postpone the duty when one is still in full-time education. Every male turning 18 will be drafted to the 'Day of Defence', where they will be
3516:
argued vehemently against professional armies since he believed that it was the right and privilege of every citizen to participate to the defense of the whole society and that it was a mark of moral decline to leave the business to professionals. He based his belief upon the development of the
3470:
in anti-draft arguments. The cost of the work, military service, does not disappear even if no salary is paid. The work effort of the conscripts is effectively wasted, as an unwilling workforce is extremely inefficient. The impact is especially severe in wartime, when civilian professionals are
2702:
were military and political administrators installed by the King to steward and govern a specific area of a province following the king's commands and orders. The men summoned in this way were then summoned by the lieutenant who was the King's representative and military governor over an entire
8022:
After lottery, one can become a conscientious objector. Total objection (refusal from alternative civilian service) results in up to 4 months jailtime according to the law. However, in 2014 a Danish man, who signed up for the service and objected later, got only 14 days of home arrest. In many
13935:
8914:
telephonist, were told to continue working as before. None was assigned to combat roles unless she volunteered. By 1943 women were liable to some form of directed labour up to age 51. During the Second World War, 1.4 million British men volunteered for service and 3.2 million were
3475:
where educational levels are high and where the workforce is sophisticated and a replacement for a conscripted specialist is difficult to find. Even more dire economic consequences result if the professional conscripted as an amateur soldier is killed or maimed for life; his work effort and
3587:
that in a professional military, a company deployed for active duty in peacekeeping corresponds to three inactive companies at home. Salaries for each are paid from the military budget. In contrast, volunteers from a trained reserve are in their civilian jobs when they are not deployed.
8622:
from 1806 to 1810, had tried to introduce conscription a few years earlier, unsuccessfully. Every man aged 20 years or older had to enlist. By means of drawing lots it was decided who had to undertake service in the French army. It was possible to arrange a substitute against payment.
7876:
was practiced in the last year of the First World War in 1918. During the Second World War, conscription for home defence was introduced in 1940 and for overseas service in 1944. Conscription has not been practiced in Canada since the end of the Second World War in 1945.
7277:
According to the Defence Minister, from 2018 there will be no compulsory enlistment for military service; however, all men born after 1995 will be subject to four months of compulsory military training, increasing to one full year after 2024 (for men born after 2005).
3781:
eventually upheld the Act, stating that "the argument for registering women was based on considerations of equity, but Congress was entitled, in the exercise of its constitutional powers, to focus on the question of military need, rather than 'equity.'" In 2013, Judge
3404:
opposed conscription, opining that "of all the statist violations of individual rights in a mixed economy, the military draft is the worst. It is an abrogation of rights. It negates man's fundamental right—the right to life—and establishes the fundamental principle of
8092:
yearly draft is divided into three "waves" - separate batches of eleven-month conscripts start their service in January and July while those selected for an eight-month term are brought in on October. An estimated 3200 people go through conscript service every year.
8662:
member and first European country to make national service compulsory for both sexes. In earlier times, up until at least the early 2000s, all men aged 19–44 were subject to mandatory service, with good reasons required to avoid becoming drafted. There is a right of
14052:
8206:. All services of the Finnish Defence Forces train conscripts. However, the Border Guard trains conscripts only in land-based units, not in coast guard detachments or in the Border Guard Air Wing. Civilian service may take place in the Civilian Service Center in
7838:, saw a compromise in 2018, where instead of conscription, Bulgaria could have possibly introduced a voluntary military service by 2019 where young citizens can volunteer for a period of 6 to 9 months, receiving a basic wage. However, this has not gone forward.
2697:
in France. Arrière-ban denoted a general levy, where all able-bodied males age 15 to 60 living in the Kingdom of France were summoned to go to war by the King (or the constable and the marshals). Men were summoned by the bailiff (or the sénéchal in the south).
13802:
3078:
On the western coast of Africa, Berber Muslims captured non-Muslims to put to work as laborers. They generally converted the younger people to Islam and many became quite assimilated. In Morocco, the Berber looked south rather than north. The Moroccan Sultan
8971:
five years later. Consequently, Selective Service registration is still required of almost all young men. There have been no prosecutions for violations of the draft registration law since 1986. Males between the ages of 17 and 45, and female members of the
8682:.) Former service in the military does not exclude anyone from later being drafted to the Civil defence, but an upper limit of total 19 months of service applies. Neglecting mobilisation orders to training exercises and actual incidents, may impose fines.
3884:, or, more often, with any role in the armed forces. In some countries, conscientious objectors have special legal status, which augments their conscription duties. For example, Sweden allows conscientious objectors to choose a service in the weapons-free
3825:
of the Republic of China in its Interpretation 490 considered that the physical differences between males and females and the derived role differentiation in their respective social functions and lives would not make drafting only males a violation of the
8494:
Lithuania abolished its conscription in 2008. In May 2015, the Lithuanian parliament voted to reintroduce conscription and the conscripts started their training in August 2015. From 2015 to 2017 there were enough volunteers to avoid drafting civilians.
2839:
was arbitrary and unpredictable for commoners. While the money lenders were not poor, several overlords tapped them for income. Levies became necessary for the survival of the overlord, allowing the lord to impose taxes at will. These levies included
3710:, beginning in 1941, women were brought into the scope of conscription but, as all women with dependent children were exempt and many women were informally left in occupations such as nursing or teaching, the number conscripted was relatively few.
3148:
called "the nation in arms", which overwhelmed European professional armies that often numbered only into the low tens of thousands. More than 2.6 million men were inducted into the French military in this way between the years 1800 and 1813.
2548:, in that historically men have been subject to the draft in the most cases; and ideological objection, for example, to a perceived violation of individual rights. Those conscripted may evade service, sometimes by leaving the country, and seeking
8337:
service, currently lasting 12 months (but historically up to 36 months) for all adult men. Citizens discharged from active service are normally placed in the reserve and are subject to periodic recalls of 1–10 days at irregular intervals.
3015:
were usually captive non-Muslim Iranian and Turkic children who had been kidnapped or bought as slaves from the Barbary coasts. The Egyptians assimilated and trained the boys and young men to become Islamic soldiers who served the Muslim
8408:'s powers as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, so they treat it with caution. In Iran, usually wealthy people are exempted from conscription. Some other men can be exempted from conscription due to their fathers serving in the
7817:
abolished the conscription in 1994. The last conscripts left active service in February 1995. To this day (2019), a small minority of the Belgian citizens supports the idea of reintroducing military conscription, for both men and women.
7349:
course in high school are still permitted to continue coursework for two more years at a university. Otherwise, they face training or must draw a conscription lottery "black card". The government intends to abolish these rules in 2027.
3614:
Throughout history, women have only been conscripted to join armed forces in a few countries, in contrast to the universal practice of conscription from among the male population. The traditional view has been that military service is a
8887:, then part of the United Kingdom, was exempted from the original 1916 military service legislation, and although further legislation in 1918 gave power for an extension of conscription to Ireland, the power was never put into effect.
3591:
It was more financially beneficial for less-educated young Portuguese men born in 1967 to participate in conscription than to participate in the highly competitive job market with men of the same age who continued to higher education.
8783:
in 1994. Under South African defense law, young white men had to undergo two years' continuous military training after they leave school, after which they had to serve 720 days in occasional military duty over the next 12 years. The
13108:
17–23 years of age (officers 20–24) for voluntary military service; no conscription; applicants must be single male or female Philippine citizens with either 72 college credit hours (enlisted) or a baccalaureate degree (officers)
7829:
had conscription for males above 18 until it was ended in 2008. Due to a shortfall in the army of some 5,500 soldiers, parts of the former ruling coalition have expressed their support for the return of conscription, most notably
8472:
Israeli citizens are liable for conscription, in accordance with agreement set by their community leaders (their community leaders however signed a clause in which all female Druze and female Circassian are exempt from service).
7957:
descent, lasting from the 1 January of the year in which they turn 18 years of age to 31 December, of the year in which they turn 50. All male residents of Cyprus who are of military age (16 and over) are required to obtain an
3853:
in France and Day of National Defence in Portugal – to women in 1997 and 2008, respectively; at the same time, the military registry of both countries and obligation of military service in case of war was extended to women.
14013:
3335:
Conscription has also been criticized on the ground that, historically, only men have been subjected to conscription. Men who opt out or are deemed unfit for military service must often perform alternative service, such as
8515:
8177:
or reserve officers. The length of civilian service is always twelve months. Those electing to serve unarmed in duties where unarmed service is possible serve either nine or twelve months, depending on their training.
2996:
to submit their sons into the Kapikulu system willingly, as they saw this as a potentially invaluable career opportunity for their children. Eventually the Sultan turned to foreign volunteers from the warrior clans of
8857:, officially the Republic of China (ROC), maintains an active conscription system. All qualified male citizens of military age are now obligated to receive 4-month of military training. In December 2022, President
3678:
introduced female conscription in 2010, but it was not activated until 2017. This made Sweden the second nation in Europe to draft women, and the second in the world to draft women on the same formal terms as men.
3560:
not because he seriously expected it to be adopted but to stress how the socioeconomic restratification meant that very few children of upper-class Americans served in the all-volunteer American armed forces.
2929:, establishing a pattern throughout the Islamic world of a ruling military class, often separated by ethnicity, culture and even religion by the mass of the population, a paradigm that found its apogee in the
6469:
No. However, under Nigeria's National Youths Service Corps Act, graduates from tertiary institutions are required to undertake national service for a year. The service begins with a 3-week military training.
2794:
were the land-holding aristocracy of the time and were required to serve with their own armour and weapons for a certain number of days each year. The historian David Sturdy has cautioned about regarding the
8181:
Any Finnish male citizen who refuses to perform both military and civilian service faces a penalty of 173 days in prison, minus any served days. Such sentences are usually served fully in prison, with no
2707:, seneschalties and castellanies. All men from the richest noble to the poorest commoner were summoned under the arrière-ban and they were supposed to present themselves to the King or his officials.
14756:
10697:
8088:, "Estonian citizens have a duty to participate in national defence on the bases and pursuant to a procedure provided by a law", which in practice means that men aged 18–27 are subject to the draft.
12817:
11268:
8987:
In February 2019, the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas ruled that male-only conscription registration breached the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause. In
3729:". Medical doctors of both sexes could and would be conscripted (as officers). Also, the Soviet university education system required Department of Chemistry students of both sexes to complete an
15287:
8258:
drastically reduced the size of its armed forces. The low demand for conscripts led to the suspension of compulsory conscription in 2011. Since then, only volunteer professionals serve in the
7905:, which eventually became the Qin Empire of 221 BC. Following unification, historical records show that a total of 300,000 conscript soldiers and 500,000 conscript labourers constructed the
13403:
7794:
from the age of 17 up to 50, specialists up to 65 years is liable to military service. However, besides mobilization, conscription calls to a six-month long basic military training in the
3459:
within 30 days following his 18th birthday and be available for a draft; this is often accomplished automatically by a motor vehicle department during licensing or by voter registration.
2576:(compulsory community service) in Austria and Switzerland. Several countries conscript male soldiers not only for armed forces, but also for paramilitary agencies, which are dedicated to
9159:
8393:, women could serve in the military. However, after the establishment of the Islamic Republic, some Ayatollahs considered women's military service to be disrespectful to women by the
7864:
Compulsory service in a sedentary militia was practiced in Canada as early as 1669. In peacetime, compulsory service was typically limited to attending an annual muster, although the
6064:
was suspended from January 2015 due to government budget cuts. It resumed in 2016, then was abolished in 2018. However, in 2023 the government announced its revival pending approval.
3552:, support a draft in order to reinforce social equality, create social consciousness, break down class divisions and allow young adults to immerse themselves in public enterprise.
6532:
Yes by law, but in practice people are not forced to serve against their will. Conscientious objectors have not been prosecuted since 2011; they are simply exempted from service.
3136:
gave its name to the 5 September 1798 Act, whose first article stated: "Any Frenchman is a soldier and owes himself to the defense of the nation." It enabled the creation of the
14682:
11458:
3787:
15649:
13192:
10176:
8454:
Female religious Jews, as long as they declare they are unable to serve due to religious grounds. Most of whom opt for the alternative of volunteering in the national service
8191:
since the introduction of the act, and there are no plans to institute it. The inhabitants of Åland can also volunteer for military service on the mainland. As of 1995, women
7963:
8397:
and banned women's military service in Iran. Therefore, Iranian women and girls were completely exempted from military service, which caused Iranian men and boys to oppose.
2968:
over several years. Those who showed special promise in fighting skills were trained in advanced warrior skills, put into the sultan's personal service, and turned into the
15547:
15442:
13835:
12204:
9917:
15489:
3794:
was decided, women were banned from serving in combat, the situation had since changed with the 2013 and 2015 restriction removals. Miller's opinion was reversed by the
3903:, while not strictly pacifists, refuse to participate in the armed forces on the ground that they believe that Christians should be neutral in international conflicts.
3891:
The reasons for refusing to serve in the military are varied. Some people are conscientious objectors for religious reasons. In particular, the members of the historic
8910:: initially volunteers but later conscription was introduced. However, women who were already working in a skilled job considered helpful to the war effort, such as a
14534:
12463:
11674:
13214:
3235:
of forces where service includes homefront defense, ages of conscripts may range much higher, with the oldest conscripts serving in roles requiring lesser mobility.
15188:
15061:
14204:
14377:
11965:. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Geneva, Switzerland, 1997. Data collected from the nations concerned, or as otherwise indicated.
10976:
4592:
member was removed in 1904. Conscription into a full-time military service took place in both world wars, with 1945 being the last year conscription was practice.
15830:
10672:
3231:
drafted men for World War I initially in an age range from 21 to 30 but expanded its eligibility in 1918 to an age range of 18 to 45. In the case of a widespread
10024:
8378:
14587:
2517:
and it continues in some countries to the present day under various names. The modern system of near-universal national conscription for young men dates to the
15407:
12087:
8989:
8011:
Every male person able to carry arms shall be liable with his person to contribute to the defence of his country under such rules as are laid down by Statute.
3417:
3321:
in 2019, leading to it being declared unconstitutional by a US Federal Judge. The federal district judge's opinion was unanimously overturned on appeal to the
3314:
247:
14291:
14262:
10236:
14233:
14749:
12571:
3672:
member to have a legally compulsory national service for both men and women. In practice only motivated volunteers are selected to join the army in Norway.
14972:
13353:
13091:
12821:
12721:
11836:
11260:
3795:
3322:
243:
12420:
11702:
11434:
6705:
No. Peacetime conscription abolished in 2004, but there remains a symbolic military obligation for all 18-year-olds, of both sexes: National Defense Day (
2976:. A number of distinguished military commanders of the Ottomans, and most of the imperial administrators and upper-level officials of the Empire, such as
14559:
13465:
7872:
Conscription into a full-time military service had only been instituted twice by the government of Canada, during both world wars. Conscription into the
3691:
introduced voluntary female conscription in 1995, giving women between the ages of 18 and 29 an option to complete their military service alongside men.
3199:
in 1861. New military law decreed that all male Russian subjects, when they reached the age of 20, were eligible to serve in the military for six years.
3000:
in southern Russia to fill his Janissary armies. As a whole the system began to break down, the loyalty of the Jannissaries became increasingly suspect.
2954:. The new force was built by taking Christian children from newly conquered lands, especially from the far areas of his empire, in a system known as the
15887:
13709:"Venezuela: Military service, including length of service, existence of alternative forms of service and penalties imposed on those who refuse to serve"
10538:
12918:
11824:
8103:
which only relies on paid professionals due to its highly technical nature and security concerns. Historically, draftees could also be assigned to the
3685:
has universal female conscription, although it is possible to avoid service by claiming a religious exemption and over a third of Israeli women do so.
2544:
to military engagements on religious or philosophical grounds; political objection, for example to service for a disliked government or unpopular war;
15291:
3533:
argued strongly for conscription and saw the professional armies, made up of mercenary units, as the cause of the failure of societal unity in Italy.
15343:
13764:
11845:
8350:
enlist. Soldiers receive no health insurance, but they are provided with medical support during their army service, including hospitalization costs.
3770:
13676:
13589:
11757:
8480:
Israeli citizens choose to enlist to the Israeli military in every draft (despite their Muslim-Arab background that exempt them from conscription).
9839:
15680:
13883:
13398:
12948:
11813:
11087:
9550:
14560:""They Are Making Us into Slaves, Not Educating Us": How Indefinite Conscription Restricts Young People's Rights, Access to Education in Eritrea"
13820:
11616:
Kalisch, PA; Kalisch PA; Kalisch BJ (1973). "The women's draft. An analysis of the controversy over the nurses' Selective Service Bill of 1945".
9185:
11941:
2807:
is a strange delusion dreamt up by antiquarians in the late eighteenth or early nineteenth centuries to justify universal military conscription.
15259:
13906:
12148:
10461:
13285:
14069:
13626:
11730:
11587:
9647:
15314:
12130:
12024:
15227:
10337:"No to Equality in Militarism! (Statement of the feminist collective TO MOV co-signed by the Association of Greek Conscientious Objectors)"
3871:
262:
14986:
14901:
12992:
11800:
12745:
11527:
9700:
3238:
Expanded-age conscription was common during the Second World War: in Britain, it was commonly known as "call-up" and extended to age 51.
348:
4057:
No. Voluntary; conscription may be required for specified reasons per Article 19 of Public Law No.24.429 promulgated on 5 January 1995.
3849:, where conscription was abolished, extended their symbolic, mandatory day of information on the armed forces for young people - called
15621:
11469:
11060:
9796:
9765:
8430:
who are fit and 18 years old. Men must serve 32 months while women serve 24 months, with the vast majority of conscripts being Jewish.
14800:
14679:
13183:
12280:
15657:
9592:
8674:
In addition to the military service, the Norwegian government draft a total of 8,000 men and women between 18 and 55 to non-military
13608:
11977:
8514:
has a 12-month conscription for all males between 18 and 27 years. However, a citizen who completed a military training course at a
14508:
13074:
12337:
9682:
7916:, and reinforced by law. However, due to the large population of China and large pool of candidates available for recruitment, the
3067:. The Mamluks' excellent fighting abilities, massed Islamic armies, and overwhelming numbers succeeded in overcoming the Christian
1453:
423:
16009:
15601:
14781:
14731:
14701:
3802:. The Supreme Court considered but declined to review the Fifth Circuit's ruling in June 2021. In an opinion authored by Justice
3203:
powers such as France reserved their conscript armies for home service while maintaining professional units for overseas duties.
1880:
15555:
14482:
13417:
12696:
15463:
13495:
10156:
8050:
and the rest of their time is spent working on national reconstruction projects. This program allegedly aims to compensate for
3211:
2903:
488:
14667:"Koko ikäluokalle yhteiset kutsunnat ja uusi kevyempi palvelusluokka – tällaisia muutoksia komitea esittää asevelvollisuuteen"
14630:
13324:
11404:
10855:
3328:
Feminists have argued, first, that military conscription is sexist because wars serve the interests of what they view as the
15979:
15497:
14456:
13988:
13172:
12989:
Conscription still exists, but compulsory attendance was held in abeyance in 1 January 1997 (effective from 22 August 1996),
11571:
11517:
11039:
11008:
10490:
10438:
10410:
10378:
10067:
9896:
9865:
9736:
3827:
3101:
14348:
13750:
13175:, Bogdan Klich, said the country will move towards a professional army and that from January, only volunteers will join the
9622:
9524:
14814:
14099:
12366:
8658:
voted to extend conscription to women, resulting in universal conscription in effect from 2015. This made Norway the first
8192:
3850:
15636:
13449:
13222:
3841:
started including women in its draft registration system, although conscription is not currently enforced for either sex.
328:
15192:
15065:
14212:
10937:
8861:
led the government to announce the reinstatement of the mandatory 1-year active duty military service from January 2024.
3176:
was the beginning of short-term compulsory service in Prussia, as opposed to the long-term conscription previously used.
2236:
529:
16205:
Canada's Greatest Wartime Muddle: National Selective Service and the Mobilization of Human Resources during World War II
15241:
14385:
3305:, and opponents of discrimination against men have criticized military conscription, or compulsory military service, as
15383:
12406:"Lov om værnepligtens opfyldelse ved civilt arbejde (Law allows fulfillment of conscription duties with civilian work)"
12370:
11337:
10014:
9091:
9086:
8870:
8713:
8046:
requires every able bodied man and woman to serve, ostensibly, for 18 months. In this time, they receive six months of
7592:
4589:
3778:
3421:
2431:
2209:
824:
428:
183:
178:
14926:
10811:
10177:"House passes defense bill with commission to investigate Afghanistan failures, mandate that women register for draft"
9904:
target sex-specific military conscription and judicial practices that discriminate against men in child custody cases.
8108:
16212:
16139:
16113:
15923:
15518:
15432:
14885:
12995:. Tweede Kamer (Dutch House of Representatives) and the Koninklijke Bibliotheek (Royal Dutch Library). Archived from
11916:
10920:
10759:
9997:
9507:
9469:
9354:
9323:
9265:
Asal, Victor; Conrad, Justin; Toronto, Nathan (2017-08-01). "I Want You! The Determinants of Military Conscription".
8943:
8579:
8386:
7622:
3752:
3431:
3393:
1885:
433:
78:
15411:
13361:
12868:
12095:
9577:
8561:
2799:
as a precursor to a modern national army composed of all ranks of society, describing it as a "ridiculous fantasy":
15137:
15112:
14951:
14301:
14270:
13971:
Efthymiou, Stratis Andreas (2019). "Nationalism, Militarism and Masculinity After the Construction of the Border".
13630:
12791:
12505:
11246:
11191:
11163:
11135:
10370:
8750:
no longer practises mandatory military service. Prior to this, mandatory military service lasted 6 months for men.
8186:. Jehovah's Witnesses are no longer exempted from service as of 27 February 2019. The inhabitants of demilitarized
7953:
is mandatory for all male citizens of the Republic of Cyprus, as well as any male non-citizens born of a parent of
4894:
3714:
3409:: that a man's life belongs to the state, and the state may claim it by compelling him to sacrifice it in battle."
2770:), was a levy of free farmers conscripted into coastal fleets for seasonal excursions and in defence of the realm.
1963:
188:
14241:
8879:
introduced conscription to full-time military service for the first time in January 1916 (the eighteenth month of
8461:
All of the exempt above are eligible to volunteer to the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), as long as they declare so.
4301:
No. Laws allow for conscription only if volunteers are insufficient, but conscription has never been implemented.
13571:
12803:
12671:
12257:
11891:
11488:
10124:
10091:
8593:
8247:
8195:
to serve on a voluntary basis and pursue careers in the military after their initial voluntary military service.
6656:
6370:
5572:, or Universal People's Defense and Security). In the event of war, the government will draft all men and women.
3360:
2308:
1946:
1733:
578:
373:
343:
8400:
In Iran, men who refuse to go to military service are deprived of their citizenship rights, such as employment,
4701:
recruiting offices (registration exempted for residents of Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions).
15213:
13095:
11999:
10775:
Dolman, Everett Carl (1995). "Obligation and the Citizen-Soldier: Machiavellian Virtú Versus Hobbesian Order".
10737:
10733:
9964:
9154:
8957:
8557:
3707:
3606:
2774:
2072:
13473:
12598:
7869:
was removed in 1904, replaced with provisions that made them theoretically "liable to serve in the militia".
4280:
No (suspended in 1992; service not required of draftees inducted for 1994 military classes or any thereafter)
3156:
in particular shocked the Prussian establishment, which had believed it was invincible after the victories of
2606:
As of 2023, many states no longer conscript their citizens, relying instead upon professional militaries with
438:
333:
16249:
16132:
Reluctant Soldier... Proud Veteran: How a cynical Vietnam vet learned to take pride in his service to the USA
16051:
Littlewood, David. "Conscription in Britain, New Zealand, Australia and Canada during the Second World War",
15935:"Citizenship and Compulsory Military Service: The Revolutionary Origins of Conscription in the United States"
14535:"Issue 23: Open-Ended Conscription in Eritrea's National Military Service: Here is How to Improve the Policy"
11651:
9761:
9149:
8903:
8789:
8553:
8382:
8000:
changed the law in 1710 to every 4th man. The men were chosen by the landowner and it was seen as a penalty.
6954:
3762:
2489:
1936:
388:
13779:
13446:
The situation of conscientious objectors in Switzerland – compared with the guidelines of the European Union
12926:
12617:
12185:
11846:"Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief. Framework for communications. Conscientious Objection"
6818:
5976:
Yes About 3,000–4,000 conscripts each year must be selected, of whom up to 10% serve involuntarily.)
3623:
from boyhood into manhood. In recent years, this position has been challenged on the basis that it violates
3253:
2790:
Some modern writers claim military service in Europe was restricted to the landowning minor nobility. These
12553:
8774:
8729:
8717:
8679:
7909:. In the following dynasties, universal conscription was abolished and reintroduced on numerous occasions.
7873:
6148:
No (there is a compulsory two-year military service law, but the law has never been enforced in practice.)
3726:
3467:
3261:
2872:
and in 1422 the shogun threatened to repossess the land of those commoners who failed to pay their levies.
2426:
1130:
890:
393:
100:
15339:
12445:
11849:
11361:
9242:
8207:
3529:
linked the division of armed service among the populace intimately with the political order of the state.
16270:
15986:
Looks at citizens' responses to military conscription in several democracies since the French Revolution.
13683:
13087:
12779:
12647:
11765:
11484:
11240:
11185:
11157:
11129:
10513:
9071:
9066:
9051:
9046:
8801:
8709:
8063:
7985:
7917:
7342:
7059:
4698:
3734:
2436:
1623:
1425:
1296:
834:
408:
323:
318:
16157:
Pfaffenzeller, Stephan (2010). "Conscription and Democracy: The Mythology of Civil-Military Relations".
9420:
2783:, was composed of part-time English soldiers drawn from the freemen of each county. In the 690s laws of
13891:
13382:
11094:
10402:
9558:
9106:
8994:
8981:
8779:
There was mandatory military conscription for all white men in South Africa from 1968 until the end of
6276:
6061:
5325:
5226:
2977:
2529:
nations later copied the system in peacetime, so that men at a certain age would serve 1 to 8 years on
1900:
481:
368:
218:
24:
20:
15730:
Jeremy A. Crang, "'Come into the Army, Maud': Women, Military Conscription, and the Markham Inquiry",
15577:
15365:
9755:
8314:
3063:
served in the army and formed an elite corps of troops. They eventually revolted in Egypt to form the
16195:
16159:
16068:
15939:
12893:
12252:
12063:
10938:"Can Compulsory Military Service Raise Civilian Wages? Evidence from the Peacetime Draft in Portugal"
9247:
9180:
9061:
9026:
9011:
8785:
8705:
8489:
4097:
4051:
3365:
2010:
1518:
867:
741:
595:
398:
213:
208:
15263:
13914:
13732:
12301:
10336:
9826:
Russia and the USSR in the wars of the 20th century: losses of the Armed Forces. A Statistical Study
4697:
No, however Male citizens 18 years of age and over are required to register for military service in
50: Active conscription system, but not all the people who are fit for the service are conscripted
15862:
15037:"مشمولان غایب سربازی از دریافت چه خدماتی محروم میشوند؟- اخبار پلیس - اخبار اجتماعی تسنیم | Tasnim"
14588:"Open-ended Conscription in Eritrea's National Military Service: Here is How to Improve the Policy"
11261:
Facing setbacks against resistance forces, Myanmar’s military government activates conscription law
10161:
9670:
Preussische Heeresreformen 1807–1870: Militärische Innovation und der Mythos der "Roonschen Reform"
9655:
9031:
8953:
8765:
voted to suspend mandatory military service. The decision fully came into force on 1 January 2011.
8725:
8542:
8174:
8003:
Since 12 February 1849, every physically fit man must do military service. According to §81 in the
4629:
3774:
3456:
3377:
3318:
3310:
3298:
3228:
2965:
2461:
2328:
1875:
1568:
1386:
1234:
15717:
Daniel Hucker, "Franco-British Relations and the Question of Conscription in Britain, 1938–1939",
14077:
11962:
11595:
11208:
13862:
12922:
12231:
12028:
11786:
9124:
9101:
9096:
9081:
9041:
8664:
8546:
8219:
8166:
8128:
8096:
8085:
8059:
8047:
8043:
8037:
8004:
7997:
7975:
7802:
can be done up to the age of 35. For men refusing to undergo this training, a nine-month lasting
6301:
5317:
5291:
5192:
4918:
3863:
3688:
3601:
3472:
3293:
3184:
3161:
3060:
2880:
2787:, three levels of fines are imposed on different social classes for neglecting military service.
2545:
2414:
2396:
2152:
1711:
1633:
1578:
1176:
839:
461:
443:
338:
298:
293:
283:
278:
268:
15904:
Flynn, George Q. (1998 33(1): 5–20). "Conscription and Equity in Western Democracies, 1940–75",
14648:
14322:
9728:
Colonial Cinema and Imperial France, 1919–1939: White Blind Spots, Male Fantasies, Settler Myths
8377:, all men who reach the age of 18 must do about two years of compulsory military service in the
3110:
2680:
laws on the European continent, landowners in the medieval period enforced a system whereby all
14132:
12996:
12529:
11870:
11840:
11230:
10721:
10539:"For a million U.S. men, failing to register for the draft has serious, long-term consequences"
10426:
Multicultural Citizens, Monocultural Men: Indigineity, Masculinity, and Conscription in Ecuador
9076:
9056:
9036:
9021:
8849:
8812:
8751:
8741:
8701:
8691:
8640:
8421:
8309:
8199:
7950:
7940:
7859:
7803:
7474:
7019:
No (conscription of men aged 18-40 and women aged 18-30 is authorized, but not currently used)
6884:
6770:
5654:
5368:
4846:
4582:
4425:
4380:
3900:
3877:
3818:
3682:
3675:
3452:
3435:
3426:
3007:
Similar to the Janissaries in origin and means of development were the Mamluks of Egypt in the
2541:
2534:
2281:
2256:
1978:
1890:
1763:
1638:
1239:
1216:
662:
561:
418:
413:
403:
383:
378:
363:
358:
353:
308:
303:
288:
258:
233:
228:
110:
14902:"مباحثه خواندنی آیتالله صافیگلپایگانی و آیتالله خزعلی در مجلس خبرگان بر سرآموزش نظامی زنان"
14875:
12116:
11535:
11509:
11175:
11031:
10514:"RS 661.1 Ordonnance du 30 août 1995 sur la taxe d'exemption de l'obligation de servir (OTEO)"
10476:
10424:
10391:
10362:
9726:
9704:
9346:
9340:
9315:
9309:
9224:
8930:
The abolition of conscription in Britain was announced on 4 April 1957, by new prime minister
8654:
women have been able to enlist for voluntary service as regular recruits. On 14 June 2013 the
3530:
3083:, called "the Bloodthirsty" (1672–1727), employed a corps of 150,000 black slaves, called his
2981:
2803:
The persistent old belief that peasants and small farmers gathered to form a national army or
16265:
16107:
13907:"Military Service Law of the People's Republic of China (2011 Amendment) [Effective]"
13020:. Based on the Country Studies Series by Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress
11731:"Supreme Court won't hear case arguing military draft registration discriminates against men"
11563:
11000:
10873:
10237:"Lawmakers kill measure that would have required women to register for the Selective Service"
9888:
9882:
9855:
9144:
9016:
8968:
8451:
and the deferment tends to become an exemption, although some do opt to serve in the military
8116:
8104:
7898:
7831:
7797:
5011:
4759:
3513:
3385:
3133:
3129:
1870:
1803:
1756:
1410:
1373:
1336:
1254:
1206:
1090:
900:
708:
617:
474:
273:
238:
14612:
11068:
10658:
9806:
9459:
3721:, but the severe disruption of normal life and the high proportion of civilians affected by
3223:
The range of eligible ages for conscripting was expanded to meet national demand during the
16275:
15653:
15260:"LEGE Nr. 1245 din 18-07-2002 cu privire la pregătirea cetăţenilor pentru apărarea Patriei"
13261:
12818:"Baigiamas 2019 metų šaukimas į nuolatinę privalomąją pradinę karo tarnybą | Karys.lt"
12769:
12284:
11707:
11119:
10837:
10059:
9778:
9169:
8907:
8762:
8697:
8655:
8203:
7929:
7564:
3584:
3507:
3373:
3269:
3145:
2261:
2163:
2020:
2015:
1833:
1798:
1533:
1353:
1211:
1147:
1001:
971:
568:
313:
253:
223:
16235:
14430:
14153:
12405:
12391:
12281:"解放軍地位高 農夫搶當兵(The soldiers of PLA are respected, peasants are scrambling to join the army"
11147:
10586:
9600:
9391:
Nicolle, D. (2000). French Armies of the Hundred Years' War (Vol. 337). Osprey Publishing.
7846:
Since the signing of the Peace Accord in 1993, there has been no official conscription in
5230:, with the option of military or civil service for men and women) was instituted in 2021.
8:
13176:
12049:
10430:
9206:
9134:
8911:
8884:
7920:
has always had sufficient volunteers, so conscription has not been required in practice.
7906:
7570:
7545:
7429:
7272:
7226:
7201:
7067:
6778:
5630:
5376:
5200:
5107:
5019:
4926:
4854:
4433:
4126:
4026:
3790:
ruled that the Service's men-only requirement was unconstitutional, as while at the time
3757:
3718:
3157:
2960:(translated "gathering" or "converting"). The captive children were forced to convert to
2553:
2112:
2097:
1973:
1860:
1838:
1813:
1773:
1683:
1493:
1398:
1348:
1115:
1105:
1070:
862:
852:
622:
546:
155:
120:
115:
15831:"With women in combat roles, a federal court rules the male-only draft unconstitutional"
15744:
14512:
13861:
Granatstein, J. I.; Jones, Richard; de Bruin, Tabitha; McIntosh, Andrew (29 June 2022).
13017:
12230:
Granatstein, J. I.; Jones, Richard; de Bruin, Tabitha; McIntosh, Andrew (29 June 2022).
11675:"With women in combat roles, a federal court rules the male-only draft unconstitutional"
10211:"New legislation would require women, like men, to sign up for potential military draft"
9686:
8291:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
3416:, challenged the new draft law in federal court, arguing that it was a violation of the
16191:
Conscription in Scandinavia During the Last Quarter Century: Developments and Arguments
16189:
16176:
16090:
16063:
16037:
16029:
15956:
15883:
15770:
14850:
14564:
14044:
13994:
13953:
13798:
12774:
12302:"Taiwan Is Extending Conscription. Here's How Its Military Compares to Other Countries"
11235:
11180:
11152:
11124:
10968:
10792:
10482:
10455:
9572:
9557:. Brooklyn College. sec. In the Service of the State and Military Class. Archived from
9555:
The Mutual Effects of the Islamic and Judeo-Christian Worlds: The East European Pattern
9400:
Nicolle, D. (2004). Poitiers 1356: The capture of a king (Vol. 138). Osprey Publishing.
9290:
9174:
9164:
9119:
8390:
8255:
8100:
8027:(objection after signing up) is punished harder than objecting the compulsory service.
7599:
No. Required from 1916 until 1920 and from 1939 until 31 December 1960 (except for the
4966:
3798:, stating that only the Supreme Court could overturn the Supreme Court precedence from
3766:
3745:
3570:
3498:
2926:
2727:
2719:
2607:
2446:
2301:
2221:
2142:
2087:
2062:
1983:
1929:
1895:
1826:
1743:
1653:
1558:
1503:
1393:
1358:
1311:
1186:
1157:
1110:
1048:
1023:
857:
671:
590:
125:
105:
14774:
14724:
14698:
13243:
12842:
12746:"Frequently asked questions about the State Defence Service | Aizsardzības ministrija"
12487:
12172:
9880:
8976:
may be conscripted for federal militia service pursuant to 10 U.S. Code § 246 and the
8792:
government announced plans to extend conscription to white immigrants in the country.
3071:
fortresses in the Holy Land. The Mamluks were the most successful defence against the
2659:
Various forms of avoiding military service are recorded. While it was outlawed by the
16208:
16180:
16145:
16135:
16095:
16033:
15991:
15975:
15960:
15934:
15919:
15916:
Conscription and Democracy: The Draft in France, Great Britain, and the United States
15893:
14966:
14881:
14486:
14048:
14036:
13998:
13984:
13814:
13425:
11633:
11629:
11567:
11513:
11378:
11316:
11035:
11004:
10916:
10784:
10755:
10486:
10434:
10406:
10374:
10184:
10132:
10099:
10063:
9993:
9986:
9960:
9953:
9948:
9892:
9861:
9833:
9732:
9503:
9465:
9440:
9350:
9319:
9282:
8973:
8409:
8237:
8224:
Between 1956 and 2011 conscription was mandatory for all male citizens in the German
5288:
5059:
3494:
3196:
3125:
2845:
2660:
2645:
2611:
2518:
2482:
2391:
2338:
2241:
2231:
2226:
2196:
2179:
2174:
2147:
2092:
1793:
1783:
1778:
1768:
1688:
1678:
1673:
1648:
1618:
1508:
1478:
1473:
1463:
1458:
1448:
1363:
1316:
1286:
1125:
918:
895:
829:
16002:
War Volunteering in Modern Times: From the French Revolution to the Second World War
13765:"Старото се уволнява, зайците реват... И ето идва... Каракачанова казарма – Dnes.bg"
13503:
10972:
9370:
8210:
or in an accepted non-profit organization of educational, social or medical nature.
3119:
2811:
2552:
in another country. Some selection systems accommodate these attitudes by providing
2451:
140:
16168:
16085:
16077:
16021:
15948:
14406:
14028:
13976:
13332:
11625:
11306:
10960:
10952:
10869:
9822:Россия и СССР в войнах XX века: потери вооруженных сил. Статистическое исследование
9432:
9294:
9274:
8931:
8895:
8829:
8401:
8322:
8158:
8150:
8146:
7865:
7600:
6590:
4214:
3912:
3541:
2930:
2853:
2767:
2743:
2510:
2506:
2456:
2421:
2353:
2246:
2184:
2077:
2005:
1998:
1855:
1788:
1738:
1728:
1603:
1523:
1483:
1468:
1435:
1420:
1291:
1276:
1229:
1137:
1095:
1038:
1033:
991:
814:
791:
698:
627:
556:
539:
150:
145:
14032:
11311:
11295:"Conscripting women: gender, soldiering, and military service in Sweden 1965–2018"
11294:
9981:
9743:
Conscripts guarded the home front, while European professionals were sent overseas
8952:
ended in 1973, but males aged between 18 and 25 are required to register with the
8365:
15969:
15811:
15400:
14785:
14760:
14735:
14705:
14686:
14356:
13453:
13121:
12027:. Parliamentary library; Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Group. Archived from
11848:. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Archived from
11557:
11503:
11272:
11025:
10994:
10693:
10053:
9626:
9528:
8916:
8619:
8615:
8394:
8229:
8112:
7980:
7890:
6506:
3811:
3803:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3490:
3463:
2992:
2934:
2735:
2585:
2563:
2549:
2514:
2266:
2251:
2169:
2125:
2067:
1723:
1718:
1608:
1598:
1513:
1488:
1430:
1271:
1201:
1191:
1043:
1028:
951:
923:
723:
703:
551:
15785:
14821:
14107:
13980:
13708:
13546:
13526:
12362:
12025:"Current Issues Brief 7 1999–2000 – Military Conscription: Issues for Australia"
9701:"Conscription and Resistance: The Historical Context archived from the original"
9409:
Curry, A. (2002). Essential Histories–The Hundred Years' War. Nova York, Osprey.
3400:, when it really represents slavery and involuntary servitude". The philosopher
3139:
30:
16025:
15952:
15387:
14180:
13445:
12969:
12421:"Denmark wants to conscript more people for military service - including women"
11435:"Denmark wants to conscript more people for military service – including women"
11412:
11379:"Naisten vapaaehtoinen asepalvelus – Puolustusvoimat – Intti edessä – Intti.fi"
10620:
10291:"Letters from draft-age women about why they wouldn't register for the draft".
8998:
8977:
8876:
8599:
7954:
7946:
7589:
7158:
law allows for conscription of women, but this is not implemented in practice.
4873:
3892:
3867:
3807:
3783:
3703:
law allows for conscription of women, but this is not implemented in practice.
3553:
3545:
3518:
3192:
3056:
2938:
2922:
2919:
2900:
2751:
2615:
2441:
2189:
1613:
1573:
1551:
1538:
1528:
1498:
1415:
1368:
1171:
1162:
1053:
1006:
986:
976:
946:
913:
801:
758:
713:
585:
518:
14987:"اخطار سازمان وظیفه عمومی: داوطلبان کنکور امسال وضعیت سربازی خود را روشن کنند"
13147:"Polská armáda svolává k odvodovým komisím čtvrt milionu mužů a žen - Novinky"
7573:
available). Implemented in 2014, compulsory for all male citizens aged 18–30.
3396:
presidential nominee, has said that conscription "is wrongly associated with
2694:
16259:
16172:
16149:
16081:
14040:
12869:"Budget Revision: National Service 2015 suspended – Nation – The Star Online"
12363:"Official site of Ministry of defense and armed forces of the Czech Republic"
11703:"Supreme Court asked to declare the all-male military draft unconstitutional"
11320:
10887:
10788:
10188:
10136:
10103:
10049:
9444:
9286:
9278:
9139:
8949:
8755:
8721:
8675:
8668:
8138:
7629:
No. Ended in 1973, but registration is still required of all men aged 18–25.
7619:
6891:
No. Abolished on January 1, 2011 but will be reintroduced on 1 January 2025.
5437:
3885:
3822:
3537:
3284:
This section focuses primarily on the United States and not a worldwide view.
3153:
3080:
3064:
3052:
2784:
2641:
2600:
2288:
2276:
2132:
2052:
1968:
1951:
1808:
1663:
1643:
1326:
1321:
1301:
1281:
1196:
1167:
1142:
1018:
996:
981:
956:
796:
718:
681:
676:
573:
130:
15163:
12464:"Georgia: New Defense Code Establishes System of Mandatory Military Service"
11787:"Attachment of the standard of the class of physical condition of a draftee"
10673:"Automatic Registration in the United States: The Selective Service Example"
9436:
8369:
Assembling and disassembling gun parts by Iranian soldiers with closed eyes.
4806:
No. Abolished by law in 2008 but it will be reintroduced on 1 January 2025.
4364:
Yes (whenever annual number of volunteers falls short of government's goal)
3737:, and such female reservist officers could be conscripted in times of war.
16099:
14930:
14296:
14014:"Militarism in post-war Cyprus: the development of the ideology of defence"
10019:
8964:
8924:
8891:
8858:
8455:
8405:
8081:
8080:(literally "time service") in late 1991, having inherited the concept from
7497:
7035:
6928:
6839:
4494:
3881:
3722:
3634:
Nations that in present-day actively draft women into military service are
3413:
3258:
3239:
3232:
3096:
2948:
developed personal troops to be loyal to him, with a slave army called the
2828:
2820:
2589:
2475:
2401:
2381:
2376:
2271:
2216:
1850:
1668:
1583:
1331:
1065:
966:
763:
667:
160:
13677:"Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Promulgation date)"
11637:
10815:
10607:
8817:
8133:
7912:
As of 2011, universal military conscription is theoretically mandatory in
3116:
Modern conscription, the massed military enlistment of national citizens (
15526:
13286:"Srbija uvodi vojni rok od 75 dana: Aleksandar Vučić potpisao saglasnost"
12319:
10395:
10261:
Michalowski, Helen (May 1982). "Five feminist principles and the draft".
9881:
Stephen Blake Boyd; W. Merle Longwood; Mark William Muesse, eds. (1996).
8960:
8880:
8607:
8469:
8055:
7959:
7902:
7220:
7086:
7056:
6653:
6485:
6401:
6366:
5038:
4780:
4166:
3942:
3838:
3831:
3741:
3651:
3549:
3544:
as ways of instilling maturity in young adults. Some proponents, such as
3503:
3439:
3424:
unanimously upheld the constitutionality of the draft act in the case of
3381:
3349:
3337:
3216:
3084:
3025:
3008:
2997:
2896:
2885:
2835:
weakened the shogun and levies were imposed again on money lenders. This
2711:
2685:
2571:
2530:
2386:
2137:
2102:
1941:
1628:
1593:
1306:
1249:
1152:
936:
657:
652:
135:
16230:
15734:, November 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 3, pp. 381,–95; statistics from pp. 392–93
10964:
10796:
10562:
8898:
was exempted from conscription legislation throughout the whole period.
8173:
for the rank and file conscripts and 347 days for conscripts trained as
7945:
Military service in Cyprus has a deep rooted history entangled with the
6448:
Yes (selective compulsory military service for unmarried men and women)
2956:
2950:
2832:
16064:"The Privileges of Rank: The Peacetime Draft and Later-life Attainment"
15897:
15681:"Taiwan to extend conscription to one year, citing rising China threat"
15086:
13796:
13706:
13502:. Taipei, Taiwan: Central News Agency. 12 December 2016. Archived from
11942:"Conscientious Objection to Military Service | Information Packet"
10956:
8920:
8225:
7993:
7666:
7366:
7294:
6907:
6272:
6230:
6143:
6013:
5992:
5824:
5761:
5267:
5224:
No (suspended during peacetime in 2001). A voluntary national service (
4608:
4208:
4145:
3643:
3578:
3522:
3420:'s prohibition against slavery and involuntary servitude. However, the
3397:
3329:
3245:
2343:
2313:
2035:
1404:
84:
11871:"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; See Article 18"
11505:
Conscription in Britain, 1939–1964: the militarisation of a generation
9421:"The Dating of the Norwegian leiðangr System: A Philological Approach"
6378:
5745:
Yes (ended in 1992, reinstated in September 2020 for unemployed men)
16056:
15835:
15706:
Conscription in Britain 1939–1964: The Militarization of a Generation
13682:. analitica.com. December 20, 1999. Articles 134, 135. Archived from
13244:"Now, military service must for Qatari males between 18 & 35 yrs"
11679:
11027:
Encyclopedia of sex and gender: men and women in the world's cultures
10392:"Methods for studying silence: The 'silence' of Swedish conscription"
10367:
Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World's Cultures
10125:"Drafting Only Men for the Military Is Unconstitutional, Judge Rules"
10092:"Drafting Only Men for the Military Is Unconstitutional, Judge Rules"
8788:
began in 1983 in opposition to the requirement. In the same year the
8780:
8645:
Conscription was constitutionally established the 12 April 1907 with
8115:(disbanded in 1997) or three militarized rescue companies within the
8024:
7687:
7128:
6949:
6422:
5971:
5563:
5395:
4094:
4047:
3574:
3526:
3224:
3072:
3001:
2969:
2704:
2677:
2637:
2521:
in the 1790s, where it became the basis of a very large and powerful
2333:
2157:
2107:
2057:
2047:
2042:
1907:
1698:
1693:
1658:
1100:
786:
753:
642:
15366:"Kongeriket Norges Grunnlov - F. Alminnelige bestemmelser - Lovdata"
15012:
13056:
12804:"Baltic Times – Lithuania welcomes first 495 volunteers to its army"
10996:
A War of Nerves: Soldiers and Psychiatrists in the Twentieth Century
10210:
9129:
8531:
7966:. Currently, military conscription in Cyprus lasts up to 14 months.
4432:
Yes, but almost all recruits have been volunteers in recent years. (
3040:. On more than one occasion, they seized power, for example, ruling
15908:
15606:
10604:
9801:
8611:
8334:
8251:
7847:
7826:
7771:
7336:
7315:
7174:
6993:
6972:
6700:
6611:
6569:
6209:
6080:
6055:
5500:
5147:
5126:
4945:
4717:
4557:
4536:
4473:
4436:
is cited in Brazilian law, but a system has not been implemented.)
4401:
4233:
3896:
3846:
3557:
3401:
3389:
3302:
3273:
3068:
2836:
2831:
from religious or military levies, in return for a yearly tax. The
2689:
2681:
2522:
2348:
2323:
1956:
1588:
1563:
1181:
736:
610:
15490:"Sivilforsvaret 75 år – klar for nye oppgaver – Sivilforsvaret.no"
15228:"Värnplikten är tillbaka i Litauen - hård konkurrens om platserna"
13038:
12082:
12080:
11801:"Girls to be included in military service register from next year"
9527:. Chapter readings for class at Fordham University. Archived from
9160:
List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel
8963:
had suspended mandatory draft registration in 1975, but President
8187:
15437:
13470:
Department of Compulsory Military Service, Taipei City Government
12625:
11873:. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
11264:
8511:
8503:
Luxembourg practiced military conscription from 1948 until 1967.
8477:
8448:
8318:
8051:
7814:
7791:
7708:
7645:
7539:
7450:
7345:
training are completed. Students who start but do not complete a
7014:
6860:
6746:
6684:
No. Ended in 2009, but selective registration is still required.
6464:
6324:
6298:
6251:
6185:
5929:
5908:
5887:
5698:
5521:
5314:
5189:
5101:
5080:
4987:
4915:
4801:
4738:
4515:
4359:
4275:
4254:
4187:
4120:
4073:
3984:
3963:
3694:
3655:
3635:
3406:
3345:
3341:
3132:
to defend itself from the attacks of European monarchies. Deputy
3033:
3029:
3021:
3012:
2945:
2699:
2358:
2318:
2082:
1916:
1912:
1259:
1244:
1120:
781:
776:
746:
685:
647:
15889:
Conscription and America: A Study of Conscription in a Democracy
15433:"Norway becomes first NATO country to draft women into military"
15113:"بازگشت فروش خدمت سربازی در ایران؛ این بار تنها برای افراد مرفه"
13860:
13299:
13215:"Portal da Juventude – Dia da Defesa Nacional – Época 2011–2012"
12229:
10276:
Neudel, Marian Henriquez (July 1983). "Feminism and the Draft".
7885:
7834:. Opposition towards this idea from the main coalition partner,
2540:
Conscription is controversial for a range of reasons, including
16244:
15622:
Military service becomes compulsory for White South African men
15548:"Fritak fra tjenesteplikt i Sivilforsvaret – Sivilforsvaret.no"
13973:
Nationalism, Militarism and Masculinity in Post-Conflict Cyprus
13057:"Norway: end of substitute service for conscientious objectors"
12131:"NATO and the Defence Reform Commission: partners for progress"
12077:
11470:
Ligestilling og længere tid i trøjen: Forstå den nye værnepligt
8993:, a case brought by a non-profit men's rights organization the
8854:
8825:
8747:
8650:
8427:
8426:
There is a mandatory military service for all men and women in
8353:
8343:
8330:
8183:
7750:
7518:
7471:
7266:
7195:
6881:
6797:
6767:
6679:
6527:
6164:
6034:
5866:
5803:
5740:
5651:
5458:
5416:
5365:
5219:
4843:
4578:
4452:
4422:
4338:
4296:
4005:
3842:
3788:
United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas
3665:
3659:
3647:
3639:
3628:
3306:
3017:
2914:
2908:
2892:
2824:
2596:
2577:
2557:
2526:
1865:
1266:
1083:
819:
19:"Conscript" and "the draft" redirect here. For other uses, see
16120:
15777:
14666:
13627:"Committee Publishes Report on Overseas Territories (item 26)"
13590:"BBC News – Ukraine reinstates conscription as crisis deepens"
9573:"Janissary corps, or Janizary, or Yeniçeri (Turkish military)"
8934:, with the last conscripts being recruited three years later.
8671:
in conscription with only 33% of all conscripted being women.
7070:
available). The military service law was established in 1948.
3880:
is an individual whose personal beliefs are incompatible with
3179:
14927:"جام نیوز :: JamNews - دختران ایرانی به سربازی می روند؟"
13300:"570/2005 Z. z. Zákon o brannej povinnosti | Aktuálne znenie"
12572:"Konsep Pertahanan Rakyat Semesta yang Diperjuangkan Prabowo"
11088:"The Economic Costs and the Political Allure of Conscription"
10363:"War and Gender: Men's War Roles – Boyhood and Coming of Age"
8465:
8447:
Male Ultra-Orthodox Jews can apply for deferment to study in
8441:
7913:
7729:
7408:
7245:
7155:
7149:
7107:
6725:
6443:
6382:
6345:
6122:
5950:
5782:
5719:
5677:
5542:
5479:
5344:
5246:
5008:
4692:
4671:
4317:
3700:
3525:
changed from a conscript to a professional force. Similarly,
3048:
3041:
3037:
2961:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2791:
2759:
1341:
877:
872:
16010:"Drafting Community: Understanding the Fate of Conscription"
15464:"A Look at Norway's Approach to Gender-Neutral Conscription"
15087:"یک قرن با پوتین و کلاه سربازی، از 'قبله عالم' تا 'ولی امر'"
13777:
13707:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (18 December 2003).
13212:
11789:(in Chinese). Conscription Agency, Ministry of the Interior.
9342:
Early Mesopotamia Society and Economy at the Dawn of History
9311:
Early Mesopotamia Society and Economy at the Dawn of History
8145:
Conscription in Finland is part of a general compulsion for
3668:
introduced female conscription in 2015, making it the first
15861:
Burk, James (April 1989). "Debating the Draft in America",
14613:"The Constitution of the Republic of Estonia–Riigi Teataja"
14552:
13911:
Ministry of National Defense The People's Republic of China
11735:
11615:
8906:(ATS) and other women's services. Some women served in the
8659:
8374:
8346:(the mobilisation was formally ended on 18 December 2002).
7835:
7387:
7320:
Yes (selective conscription for 2 years of public service)
6632:
6548:
6101:
5845:
5609:
5588:
5168:
4822:
4650:
4588:
No. Legislative provision making all men of military age a
3730:
3669:
2941:, institutions that survived until the early 19th century.
2779:
637:
632:
14801:"Jehovah's Witnesses lose exemption from military service"
13653:"Selective Service System - It's Your Country. Protect it"
13547:""บิ๊กทิน" ชี้ปรับเกณฑ์ทหารแบบสมัครใจเม.ย.67-ลดนายพลปี 70"
10157:"Federal appeals court: Male-only draft is constitutional"
16125:. Amsterdam: JAI Press/Elsevier Science Ltd. p. 424.
16123:
The Comparative Study of Conscription in the Armed Forces
13092:"The World Factbook: Military Service Age and Obligation"
13018:"North Korea, Military Conscription and Terms of Service"
12970:"Myanmar's military government enforces conscription law"
12338:"Croatia to abolish conscription military service sooner"
12149:"Publicidade sobre isenção no serviço militar é proibida"
12091:
12088:"The World Factbook: Military service age and obligation"
8956:
to enable a reintroduction of conscription if necessary.
8890:
Conscription was reintroduced in 1939, in the lead up to
8610:, was first employed in 1810 by French occupying forces.
8433:
Some Israeli citizens are exempt from mandatory service:
5871:
Yes (abolished in 2007, reintroduced on January 1, 2024)
5152:
No, but the military can conduct callups when necessary.
3725:
after the German invasion attracted many volunteers for "
510:
12843:"BBC News – Asia-Pacific – Malaysian youth face call-up"
10888:"Rangel: It's Time for a War Tax and a Reinstated Draft"
8107:(before it switched to an all-volunteer model in 2000),
5085:
Yes (18 months by law, but often extended indefinitely)
3740:
The United States came close to drafting women into the
3412:
In 1917, a number of radicals and anarchists, including
2560:-operations roles or even outside the military, such as
15812:"10 U.S. Code § 246 – Militia: composition and classes"
15384:"Norway's military conscription becomes gender neutral"
13652:
13086:
12175:– Military Service Law at government's official website
11338:"Norway's military conscription becomes gender neutral"
9756:"Records of the Selective Service System (World War I)"
8840:
Beginning in 2018, both men and women are conscripted.
7996:, where one man out of every 10 had to serve the king.
16:
Compulsory enlistment into national or military service
14954:. 2020-02-10. Archived from the original on 2020-02-10
13122:"1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines"
11485:"World Resisters International: Sudan, Country Report"
10055:
The Second Sexism: Discrimination Against Men and Boys
8990:
National Coalition for Men v. Selective Service System
7544:
Yes (abolished in 2013, reinstated in 2014 due to the
3376:
oppose conscription and call for the abolition of the
3183:
Conscription of Poles to the Russian Army in 1863 (by
3087:. He used them to coerce the country into submission.
12186:"Country report and updates: Bulgaria22 October 2008"
6377:
No. Active conscription suspended in 1997 (except in
3556:
called for the reinstatement of the draft during the
2925:
in the 820s and 830s. The Turkic troops soon came to
16134:. Leipzig: Amazon Distribution GmbH. pp. 1–12.
15315:"Kaderwet dienstplicht wordt aangepast voor vrouwen"
14815:"ΕΦΗΜΕΡΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΚΥΒΕΡΝΗΣΕΩΣ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗΣ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑΣ"
13496:"Military conscription to stop completely from 2018"
12919:"Reintroduction of military conscription in Morocco"
11837:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
9982:"A Speech: For Antidraft Rally, D.C. March 22, 1980"
9553:. In A. Ascher, B. K. Kiraly; T. Halasi-Kun (eds.).
8700:
draw personnel from various sources. In addition to
8067:"slavery" and has earned international condemnation.
2984:, were recruited in this way. By 1609, the Sultan's
15877:
To Raise an Army: The Draft Comes to Modern America
15425:
12384:
11957:
11955:
11555:
10750:Harris, Phil; Lock, Andrew; Rees, Patricia (2002).
10646:
To Raise an Army: The Draft Comes to Modern America
9955:
Reweaving the Web of Life: Feminism and Nonviolence
3631:, have extended conscription obligations to women.
3564:
15870:The French theory of the nation in arms, 1866–1939
15282:
15280:
14457:"René vil ikke i militæret: Nu skal han i fængsel"
13397:
13182:
12278:
10399:Feminist Methodologies for International Relations
9985:
9952:
9779:"The German Volkssturm from Intelligence Bulletin"
2944:In the middle of the 14th century, Ottoman Sultan
15771:"Military Conscription, Recruiting and the Draft"
15519:"The Norwegian Civil Defence – Sivilforsvaret.no"
13325:"Changing the Way Slovenia Sees the Armed Forces"
12283:. （臺灣）中央社(Central Agent (Taiwan)). Archived from
9425:NOWELE. North-Western European Language Evolution
9264:
8997:against the U.S. Selective Service System, judge
7200:Yes. Abolished in 2010 but reintroduced in 2017 (
5664:Male and female Jews, male Druze and Circassians
3279:
16257:
16207:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 235.
15602:Vojska Srbije od sutra i zvanično profesionalna.
14971:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
12722:"Compulsory military service to be reintroduced"
12697:"Kuwait lawmakers approve military conscription"
11952:
11835:On July 30, 1993, explicit clarification of the
11292:
9874:
3717:, there was never conscription of women for the
3384:of individuals into the armed forces amounts to
3170:, the military conscription used by France. The
3004:forcibly disbanded the Janissary corps in 1826.
2505:is the state-mandated enlistment of people in a
16130:Nau, Terry L. (2013). "Chapter 1: Draft Bait".
16121:Mjoset, Lars; Van Holde, Stephen, eds. (2002).
15277:
14851:"سربازی اجباری؛ نیروی کار ارزان در دست نظامیان"
14631:"Have you recently become an Estonian citizen?"
12468:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
12296:
12294:
10936:Card, David; Cardoso, Ana Rute (October 2012).
8598:Conscription, which was called "Service Duty" (
8440:Permanent residents (non-civilian) such as the
8054:'s lack of capital and to reduce dependence on
3521:, which came to an end at the same time as the
3466:the cost of conscription can be related to the
2815:Painting depicting a battle during the Ōnin War
15786:"Prosecutions of Draft Registration Resisters"
15161:
14106:. National Guard General Staff. Archived from
13114:
12678:, Central lo 99Intelligence Agency, 2023-05-26
12064:"Al 25 Jaar Geen Verplichte Legerdienst Meer!"
11479:
11477:
10749:
5526:No (peacetime conscription abolished in 2004)
4785:Yes (conscription is reportedly not enforced)
3830:. Though women are not conscripted in Taiwan,
3484:
3215:Young men registering for conscription during
2899:, beginning with the creation of the corps of
16156:
15996:. Mainz: Institute of European History (IEG).
13262:"LEGE (A) 395 16/12/2005 - Portal Legislativ"
11405:"FINLEX –Säädösmuutosten hakemisto: 194/1995"
11256:
11254:
10777:Journal of Political & Military Sociology
9363:
8915:conscripted. Conscripts comprised 50% of the
5328:by the federal legislature from 1 July 2011)
3773:by requiring that only men register with the
3697:will extend conscription to women from 2027.
3479:
2561:
2483:
482:
13778:UN and Amnesty International (August 1998).
13609:"Mandatory national service in UAE approved"
13399:"Conscription ends in Spain after 230 years"
12596:
12291:
12274:
12272:
11293:Persson, Alma; Sundevall, Fia (2019-03-22).
10945:American Economic Journal: Applied Economics
9860:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 41–48.
9838:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
9457:
9186:Timeline of women's participation in warfare
8259:
8241:
7795:
4932:Male until 2026; Male and female from 2026.
4613:Yes (selective compulsory military service)
3872:Conscientious objection throughout the world
3243:
3171:
3165:
3137:
3117:
3036:. Over time they became a powerful military
2569:
16000:Krueger, Christine, and Sonja Levsen, eds.
15882:
15721:, November 2008, Vol. 17 Issue 4, pp 437–56
13819:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
11556:Cassin-Scott, Jack; McBride, Angus (1980).
11474:
11082:
11080:
11078:
10935:
10260:
9857:Politics of Masculinities: Men in Movements
9502:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 111.
8560:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
8062:, as well as Proclamation 82 issued by the
7992:Conscription is known in Denmark since the
7341:Yes, but can be exempted if three years of
2568:(alternative civil service) in Finland and
15288:"Bestaat er een dienstplicht in Nederland"
15164:"شرایط دریافت معافیت جانبازی برای مشمولان"
15010:
14070:"ΕΘΝΙΚΗΣ ΦΡΟΥΡΑΣ ΝΟΜΟΥΣ ΤΟΥ 1964 ΕΩΣ 2008"
13975:. Springer International. pp. 23–53.
13928:
12142:
12140:
12117:"South America > Bolivia > Military"
11917:"Så gör du om du inte vill göra värnplikt"
11839:Article 18 was made in the United Nations
11251:
11055:
11053:
11051:
11023:
10659:The Role of Economists in Ending the Draft
10478:The Changing Face of European Conscription
10460:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
9797:"CBC News Indepth: International military"
9766:Selective Training and Service Act of 1940
9251:. Toronto: Historica Canada. 15 July 2015.
8321:of the Presidential Guard in front of the
7112:No (abolished by law on 31 December 2001)
5568:No. But has a similar system called PKRS (
3857:
3430:on 7 January 1918, on the ground that the
2852:tax was raised on all land to rebuild the
2693:by the king or the local lord such as the
2490:
2476:
489:
475:
16202:
16089:
15932:
15637:SOUTH AFRICA MOVING TO WIDEN CONSCRIPTION
15632:
15630:
14012:Efthymiou, Stratis Andreas (2016-10-01).
14011:
13970:
13751:"Първа стъпка към връщането на казармата"
13582:
13395:
13073:Nationmaster : Conscription, citing
12990:
12618:"Military Conscription Policy by Country"
12269:
11978:"Albania to abolish conscription by 2010"
11310:
10474:
10306:"Gestation: Women and Draft Resistance".
10012:
9884:Redeeming men: religion and masculinities
9625:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
8720:as sources of manpower. This adds to the
8667:. As of 2020 Norway did not reach gender
8580:Learn how and when to remove this message
8141:at the end of their basic training period
7893:soldier with his horse, China, 210–209 BC
3323:U.S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit
2656:but specific land supplied by the state.
16187:
15974:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
13833:
13306:(in Slovak). S.-EPI s r o, AION CS s.r.o
13075:Friends World Committee for Consultation
13067:
12951:. Mozambique government official website
12392:"Værnepligtsloven (Law on conscription)"
12202:
11075:
11065:CBC News Indepth: International military
10992:
10910:
10692:
10422:
10234:
9979:
9418:
9338:
9307:
8816:
8364:
8313:
8132:
8095:Conscripts serve in all branches of the
7979:
7884:
6308:Yes, enforced as of February 2024.
5682:No (suspended during peacetime in 2005)
4478:No (abolished by law on 1 January 2008)
3755:, several men filed lawsuit in the case
3605:
3502:
3364:Rioters attacking a building during the
3359:
3355:
3252:
3210:
3178:
3100:
3075:of Persia and Iraq from entering Egypt.
2879:
2810:
1454:List of military strategies and concepts
29:
16061:
16007:
15242:"Savanorių gali užtekti visam šaukimui"
14952:"مرکز پژوهشها - قانون خدمت وظیفه عمومی"
14480:
13572:"Yeni Askerlik sistemi yürürlüğe girdi"
13144:
12762:
12137:
11728:
11332:
11330:
11061:"Women in the military – international"
11048:
11024:Ember, Carol R.; Ember, Melvin (2003).
10868:
10394:. In Ackerly, Brooke A.; Stern, Maria;
10048:
9946:
9915:
9853:
9593:"The Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty (Timeline)"
9548:
9500:The Moneylenders of Late Medieval Kyoto
8084:legislature. According to §124 of the
3540:, consider both mandatory military and
16258:
15627:
14845:
14843:
14841:
14454:
14353:Forsvarsministeriets Personalestyrelse
14175:
14173:
13904:
13780:"Country report and updates: Cambodia"
13606:
13488:
13396:Wilkinson, Isambard (April 18, 2014).
12173:Lei No 4.375, de 17 de Agosto de 1964.
11211:. Norwegian Armed Forces. 11 June 2015
10774:
10341:Countering the Militarisation of Youth
10295:. No. 2. 1 March 1980. p. 6.
10275:
10235:Behrmann, Savannah (8 December 2021).
10208:
9724:
8969:Soviet Union intervened in Afghanistan
2991:In later years, Sultans turned to the
2626:
15989:
15913:
15828:
15783:
15615:
15456:
15062:"سازمان سربازی ناجا - فرمايشات رهبری"
14880:. Dishon. October 1973. p. 477.
12916:
12694:
12615:
12554:"Country report and updates: Hungary"
12022:
11700:
11672:
11501:
11288:
11286:
11284:
11282:
11280:
11203:
11201:
11199:
10809:
10752:Machiavelli, Marketing and Management
10670:
10321:"Women and the resistance movement".
10122:
10089:
10044:
10042:
9854:Messner, Michael A. (20 March 1997).
9819:
9623:"Race and Slavery in the Middle East"
9620:
9551:"Servile Labor in the Ottoman Empire"
9525:"Race and Slavery in the Middle East"
8967:reinstated that requirement when the
8894:, and continued in force until 1963.
4213:No (but can volunteer for service in
4104:No (abolished by parliament in 1972)
3828:Constitution of the Republic of China
2648:used a system of conscription called
15967:
15768:
15639:The New York Times. 28 December 1983
15312:
15214:"Litauen återinför allmän värnplikt"
15110:
14431:"Bekendtgørelse af værnepligtsloven"
14154:"Bekendtgørelse af værnepligtsloven"
13206:
12446:"Country report and updates: France"
11975:
11528:"Conscription into military service"
11362:"Abuse of IDF Exemptions Questioned"
11327:
10999:. Harvard University Press. p.
10768:
10365:. In Ember, Carol R.; Ember, Melvin
10027:from the original on January 5, 2015
9332:
9301:
9260:
9258:
8558:adding citations to reliable sources
8525:
8271:
8198:The military service takes place in
3627:, and some countries, especially in
3595:
3309:. The National Coalition for Men, a
16129:
15346:from the original on 6 January 2021
14838:
14170:
13936:"Country report and updates: China"
13898:
13331:. November 18, 2003. Archived from
13180:
13039:"Macedonia: Conscription abolished"
12949:"Military census and incorporation"
12253:"Country report and updates: China"
9683:"Military service in Russia Empire"
9497:
3918:Conscription by country – Examples
3276:conscripted nearly 30 million men.
3107:Departure of the Conscripts of 1807
2988:forces increased to about 100,000.
2875:
13:
16188:Sorensen, Henning (January 2000).
15854:
15575:
15138:"پولدارها دوباره سربازی نمیروند!"
13803:"Cambodia introduces conscription"
13213:Instituto Português da Juventude.
13145:Minárik, Pavol (29 January 2024).
12371:Armed Forces of the Czech Republic
12146:
11758:"Judicial Yuan Interpretation 490"
11594:. January 15, 1945. Archived from
11277:
11196:
11030:. Vol. 2. Springer. pp.
10039:
9918:"Making the Draft a Women's Issue"
9461:Laws of the Earliest English Kings
9225:"Seeking Sanctuary: Draft Dodgers"
9092:Conscription in the Russian Empire
9087:Conscription in the Ottoman Empire
9005:
8871:Conscription in the United Kingdom
8754:could however opt for 9 months of
8714:Russian irregular units in Ukraine
8137:Finnish conscripts swearing their
6977:No (abolished on January 1, 2006)
5570:Pertahanan Keamanan Rakyat Semesta
3708:United Kingdom during World War II
3443:of need and the right to compel."
3257:Soviet conscripts in Moscow after
3090:
2868:was acquired by commoners through
2671:
2666:
14:
16287:
16223:
15933:Kestnbaum, Meyer (October 2000).
15816:LII / Legal Information Institute
14775:Asevelvollisuuslaki (1438/2007) (
14754:), 74, 81§§. Retrieved 4-17-2013.
14725:Asevelvollisuuslaki (1438/2007) (
13836:"History of the Canadian Militia"
13524:
13354:"End Conscription Campaign (ECC)"
12578:(in Indonesian). 12 November 2019
12418:
12279:Kang Shi-ren (康世人) (2015-04-02).
12205:"History of the Canadian Militia"
11976:Koci, Jonilda (August 21, 2008).
11701:Kelly, Alexandra (Feb 19, 2021).
11432:
10835:
10536:
10390:Kronsell, Anica (June 29, 2006).
9685:. roots-saknes.lv. Archived from
9522:
9419:Williams, D. G. E. (1997-01-01).
9255:
9199:
8944:Conscription in the United States
8864:
8647:Kongeriket Norges Grunnlov § 119.
8387:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
8007:, which was promulgated in 1849:
4385:No (abolished on 1 January 2006)
16243:
16229:
15822:
15804:
15762:
15737:
15724:
15711:
15698:
15672:
15642:
15595:
15569:
15540:
15511:
15482:
15376:
15358:
15332:
15306:
15252:
15234:
15220:
15206:
15181:
15155:
15130:
15104:
15079:
15054:
15029:
15004:
14979:
14944:
14919:
14894:
14868:
14807:
14793:
14768:
14743:
14718:
14692:
14673:
14659:
14641:
14623:
14605:
14580:
14527:
14501:
14474:
14448:
14423:
14399:
14370:
14341:
14315:
14284:
14255:
14226:
14197:
14146:
14125:
14092:
14062:
14058:from the original on 2022-10-10.
14005:
13964:
13946:
13876:
13854:
13827:
13790:
13771:
13757:
13743:
13725:
13700:
13669:
13645:
13619:
13600:
13564:
13539:
13518:
13458:
13439:
13410:
13406:from the original on 2022-01-11.
13389:
13375:
13346:
13317:
13292:
13278:
13254:
13236:
13165:
13138:
13128:
13080:
13049:
13031:
13010:
12983:
12962:
12941:
12917:Fitch, Chris (26 October 2018).
12910:
12886:
12861:
12835:
12810:
12796:
12738:
12714:
12688:
12664:
12640:
12609:
12597:warresisters (23 October 2008).
12590:
12564:
12546:
12522:
12498:
12480:
12456:
12438:
12412:
12398:
12355:
12330:
12312:
12245:
12223:
12196:
12178:
12166:
12123:
12109:
12056:
12042:
12023:Brown, Gary (October 12, 1999).
12016:
11992:
11969:
11934:
11909:
11884:
11863:
11829:
11818:
11807:
11793:
11779:
11750:
11729:Higgens, Tucker (June 7, 2021).
11630:10.1097/00006199-197309000-00004
11508:. Taylor & Francis. p.
10982:from the original on 2022-10-10.
10610:, antiwar.com, January 14, 2003.
10013:Berlatsky, Noah (May 29, 2013).
8937:
8746:As of 1 January 2011,
8530:
8276:
8036:This section is an excerpt from
7764:
7743:
7722:
7701:
7680:
7659:
7638:
7612:
7582:
7557:
7532:
7511:
7490:
7464:
7443:
7422:
7401:
7380:
7359:
7329:
7308:
7287:
7259:
7238:
7213:
7188:
7167:
7142:
7121:
7100:
7079:
7049:
7028:
7007:
6986:
6965:
6942:
6921:
6900:
6874:
6853:
6832:
6811:
6790:
6760:
6739:
6718:
6693:
6672:
6646:
6625:
6604:
6583:
6562:
6541:
6520:
6499:
6478:
6457:
6436:
6415:
6406:No (abolished in December 1972)
6394:
6359:
6338:
6317:
6291:
6265:
6244:
6223:
6202:
6178:
6157:
6136:
6115:
6094:
6073:
6048:
6027:
6006:
5985:
5964:
5943:
5922:
5901:
5880:
5859:
5838:
5817:
5796:
5775:
5754:
5733:
5712:
5691:
5670:
5644:
5623:
5602:
5581:
5556:
5535:
5514:
5493:
5472:
5451:
5430:
5409:
5388:
5358:
5337:
5307:
5281:
5260:
5239:
5212:
5182:
5161:
5140:
5119:
5094:
5073:
5052:
5031:
5001:
4980:
4959:
4938:
4908:
4895:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4887:
4866:
4836:
4815:
4794:
4773:
4752:
4731:
4710:
4685:
4664:
4643:
4622:
4601:
4571:
4550:
4529:
4508:
4487:
4466:
4445:
4415:
4394:
4373:
4352:
4331:
4310:
4289:
4268:
4247:
4226:
4201:
4180:
4159:
4138:
4113:
4087:
4066:
4040:
4019:
3998:
3977:
3956:
3935:
3565:Economic and resource efficiency
2618:abolished conscription in 1960.
528:
77:
15971:Consent, Dissent and Patriotism
15906:Journal of Contemporary History
15829:Korte, Gregory (Feb 24, 2019).
15792:. National Resistance Committee
15678:
15445:from the original on 2015-01-28
14699:Siviilipalveluslaki (1446/2007)
14481:Connell, Dan (September 1997).
13195:from the original on 2022-01-11
13184:"Poland ends army conscription"
11722:
11694:
11673:Korte, Gregory (Feb 24, 2019).
11666:
11644:
11609:
11580:
11549:
11495:
11463:
11452:
11426:
11396:
11371:
11355:
11223:
11168:
11140:
11112:
11017:
10986:
10929:
10904:
10880:
10862:
10848:
10829:
10803:
10743:
10727:
10722:Rousseau, J-J. Social Contract.
10715:
10686:
10664:
10651:
10638:
10613:
10597:
10587:"Conscription and the Military"
10579:
10555:
10530:
10506:
10468:
10416:
10384:
10355:
10329:
10314:
10299:
10284:
10269:
10254:
10228:
10202:
10169:
10149:
10116:
10083:
10006:
9973:
9940:
9909:
9847:
9813:
9789:
9771:
9748:
9718:
9693:
9675:
9662:
9640:
9614:
9585:
9565:
9542:
9516:
9491:
9478:
9451:
9412:
9403:
8768:
8678:duty. (Not to be confused with
8594:Conscription in the Netherlands
8518:is exempted from conscription.
8058:. This is outlined in both the
3028:. The first mamluks served the
198:
16203:Stevenson, Michael D. (2001).
15892:. Richard Publishing Company.
15769:Gill, Linda (March 31, 2007).
15624:, South African History Online
15554:(in Norwegian). Archived from
15496:(in Norwegian). Archived from
13733:"Bulgaria: conscription ended"
13527:"兵役確定延長！邱國正證實「年底前公告」民眾贊同：國家需要"
13422:www.rekryteringsmyndigheten.se
13181:Day, Matthew (5 August 2008).
12991:(unknown) (October 12, 1999).
12695:Toumi, Habib (25 March 2015).
12605:. War Resisters International.
12050:"Official information website"
11843:general comment 22, Para. 11:
11562:. Osprey Publishing. pp.
11402:
11067:. May 30, 2006. Archived from
10209:Turner, Trish (24 July 2021).
9922:Women: A Journal of Liberation
9578:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
9464:. Cambridge University Press.
9394:
9385:
9267:Journal of Conflict Resolution
9235:
9217:
9155:Home front during World War II
8795:
8521:
3280:Arguments against conscription
44: No enforced conscription
1:
16234:The dictionary definition of
16112:: CS1 maint: date and year (
15719:Contemporary European History
15162:mizanonline.ir (2023-03-16).
14779:), 118 §. Retrieved 1-24-2008
14729:), 37 §. Retrieved 1-24-2008.
14323:"19 unge tvunget i militæret"
14033:10.1080/14702436.2016.1229126
13607:Salama, Samir (7 June 2014).
11312:10.1080/09612025.2019.1596542
10812:"The Moral Equivalent of War"
10361:Goldstein, Joshua S. (2003).
10343:. War Resisters International
10310:. No. 11. November 1982.
9762:Selective Service Act of 1917
9192:
9177:, mass mobilization in Poland
9150:Home front during World War I
8904:Auxiliary Territorial Service
8498:
8333:has been enforcing mandatory
8165:) defined in the 127§ of the
8109:a special rapid response unit
6751:No (stopped in January 2007)
3906:
3763:Selective Service Act of 1948
3744:in preparation for a planned
3219:, New York City, June 5, 1917
3206:
2513:. Conscription dates back to
16062:MacLean, Alair (July 2008).
15865:p. vol. 15: pp. 431–48.
15191:. 2019-03-16. Archived from
15064:. 2018-03-11. Archived from
14929:. 2016-09-13. Archived from
14712:), 4§. Retrieved 1-24-2008.
14455:Sparre, Sofie (2014-12-14).
13940:War Resisters' International
13905:Panyue, Huang (March 2017).
13737:War Resisters' International
13358:South African History Online
13061:War Resisters' International
13043:War Resisters' International
12652:War Resisters' International
12648:"Country report and updates"
12558:War Resisters' International
12450:War Resisters' International
12258:War Resisters' International
12190:War Resisters' International
11963:"Nationmaster: Conscription"
11762:translated by Jiunn-rong Yeh
11489:War Resisters' International
11411:(in Finnish). Archived from
10856:"Interview with Mickey Kaus"
10644:John Whiteclay Chambers II,
10563:"Selective Service | USAGov"
10015:"When Men Experience Sexism"
9951:. In McAllister, Pam (ed.).
9725:Slavin, David Henry (2001).
9703:. 2008-06-03. Archived from
9458:Attenborough, F. L. (1922).
8883:) and abolished it in 1920.
8775:Conscription in South Africa
8730:Russian volunteer battalions
8718:Russian penal military units
8680:Alternative civilian service
8483:
8076:Estonia adopted a policy of
7874:Canadian Expeditionary Force
3468:parable of the broken window
3227:. In the United States, the
101:Alternative civilian service
7:
16008:Leander, Anna (July 2004).
14680:Annual Report 2011. Page 29
14355:(in Danish). Archived from
13981:10.1007/978-3-030-14702-0_2
13578:(in Turkish). 25 June 2019.
13466:"Substitute Service Center"
13088:Central Intelligence Agency
12780:Central Intelligence Agency
11241:Central Intelligence Agency
11186:Central Intelligence Agency
11158:Central Intelligence Agency
11130:Central Intelligence Agency
10734:Aristotle, Politics, Book 6
10724:Chapter "The Roman Comitia"
10698:"Why Not a Volunteer Army?"
10423:Selmeski, Brian R. (2007).
10413:. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
10381:. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
10325:. No. 21. 8 June 1986.
10123:Pager, Tyler (2019-02-24).
10090:Pager, Tyler (2019-02-24).
9654:. Microsoft. Archived from
9112:
9072:Conscription in Switzerland
9067:Conscription in South Korea
9052:Conscription in North Korea
9047:Conscription in New Zealand
8802:Conscription in South Korea
8710:Russian invasion of Ukraine
7901:dates back to the State of
7841:
7821:
7343:Territorial Defense Student
6256:Yes (reintroduced in 2018)
3851:Defence and Citizenship Day
3485:Political and moral motives
3451:It can be argued that in a
3446:
1947:Military–industrial complex
1426:Operational manoeuvre group
10:
16292:
16196:Armed Forces & Society
16160:Armed Forces & Society
16069:Armed Forces & Society
16026:10.1177/0095327X0403000404
16014:Armed Forces & Society
15953:10.1177/0095327X0002700103
15940:Armed Forces & Society
15918:. Greenwood. p. 303.
15875:Chambers, John Whiteclay.
15313:Defensie, Ministerie van.
15111:فردا, رادیو (2022-01-30).
13383:"Korean history databases"
13124:. Chan Robles Law Library.
12993:"Afschaffing dienstplicht"
12530:"Guatemala 1993 Chapter V"
11271:February 10, 2024, at the
10680:Brennan Center for Justice
10475:Joenniemi, Pertti (2006).
10403:Cambridge University Press
9959:. New Society Publishers.
9731:. JHU Press. p. 140.
9107:Conscription in Mozambique
8995:National Coalition for Men
8982:United States Constitution
8941:
8868:
8847:
8821:Swedish conscripts in 2008
8810:
8799:
8772:
8739:
8689:
8649:. As of March 2016,
8638:
8591:
8506:
8487:
8419:
8307:
8217:
8213:
8126:
8122:
8071:
8035:
8030:
7973:
7969:
7949:. Military service in the
7938:
7927:
7857:
7809:
7790:Every male citizen of the
7785:
6062:Malaysian National Service
5227:Service national universel
5043:No. Legal, not practiced.
3910:
3861:
3599:
3568:
3536:Other proponents, such as
3488:
3480:Arguments for conscription
3291:
3283:
3124:), was devised during the
3094:
2972:, the elite branch of the
2966:had the young boys trained
2848:for ceremonial expenses. Y
2621:
25:The draft (disambiguation)
21:Conscript (disambiguation)
18:
16004:(Palgrave Macmillan 2011)
15914:Flynn, George Q. (2001).
15011:tebyan.net (2010-07-29).
14378:"Mødet på Forsvarets Dag"
14234:"Mødet på Forsvarets Dag"
13834:Bélanger, Claude (2006).
13452:February 7, 2015, at the
13173:Poland's defence minister
12203:Bélanger, Claude (2006).
12155:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
12000:"Ley 24.429 del 14/12/94"
10911:Hägglund, Gustav (2006).
10754:. Routledge. p. 10.
9980:Levertov, Denise (1982).
9672:. 2003, in Citino, p. 130
9248:The Canadian Encyclopedia
9062:Conscription in Singapore
9027:Conscription in Gibraltar
9012:Conscription in Australia
8843:
8806:
8786:End Conscription Campaign
8761:On 15 December 2010, the
8735:
8706:2022 Russian mobilization
8685:
8634:
8490:Conscription in Lithuania
8415:
8285:This section needs to be
8267:
8155:maanpuolustusvelvollisuus
8147:national military service
8013:— Constitution of Denmark
7934:
7853:
7371:Yes (authorized in 2020)
3922:
3366:New York anti-draft riots
3287:
2703:province comprising many
2533:and then transfer to the
2011:Loss-of-strength gradient
868:Combat information center
56: Active conscription
16173:10.1177/0095327X09351226
16082:10.1177/0095327X07310336
15863:Armed Forces and Society
15650:"Värnplikten genom åren"
15144:(in Persian). 2022-01-30
14993:(in Persian). 2020-08-23
14908:(in Persian). 2011-04-03
13954:"很多国家都强制男子服兵役，为什么中国不需要？"
13863:"Conscription in Canada"
13840:faculty.marianopolis.edu
13657:Selective Service System
12792:(Archived 2008 edition.)
12342:Southeast European Times
12232:"Conscription in Canada"
12209:faculty.marianopolis.edu
12004:servicios.infoleg.gob.ar
11814:Code du Service National
11366:The Jewish Daily Forward
11247:(Archived 2021 edition.)
11209:"Universal Conscription"
11192:(Archived 2021 edition.)
11164:(Archived 2021 edition.)
11136:(Archived 2021 edition.)
10858:. realclearpolitics.com.
10702:New Individualist Review
9992:. New Directions Press.
9488:Constable (1995), p. 153
9279:10.1177/0022002715606217
9032:Conscription in Malaysia
8954:Selective Service System
8726:National Guard of Russia
8437:Non-Jewish Arab citizens
7918:People's Liberation Army
7880:
4699:People's Liberation Army
4630:Central African Republic
3775:Selective Service System
3457:Selective Service System
3378:Selective Service System
3319:Selective Service System
3262:invaded the Soviet Union
3229:Selective Service System
3059:origin. Slaves from the
2827:decree of 1393 exempted
2631:
2329:Military science fiction
1814:Technology and equipment
1235:List of military tactics
15968:Levi, Margaret (1997).
15189:"معافیت با جانبازی پدر"
15041:خبرگزاری تسنیم | Tasnim
14653:Estonian Defence Forces
13448:, zentralstelle-kdv.de
10810:James, William (1906).
10608:Conscription Is Slavery
9947:Lindsey, Karen (1982).
9549:Inalcik, Halil (1979).
9437:10.1075/nowele.30.02wil
9339:Postgate, J.N. (1992).
9308:Postgate, J.N. (1992).
9125:Civilian Public Service
9102:Conscription in Georgia
9097:Conscription in Vietnam
9082:Conscription in Ukraine
9042:Conscription in Myanmar
8752:Conscientious objectors
8665:conscientious objection
8360:
8250:). With the end of the
8220:Conscription in Germany
8167:Constitution of Finland
8129:Conscription in Finland
8097:Estonian Defence Forces
8060:Constitution of Eritrea
8044:Conscription in Eritrea
8038:Conscription in Eritrea
8005:Constitution of Denmark
7998:Frederick IV of Denmark
7976:Conscription in Denmark
7923:
7734:No (abolished in 2001)
6663:No (abolished in 2016)
6637:No (abolished in 1999)
6511:No (abolished in 2006)
6427:No (abolished in 1990)
5892:No (abolished in 2007)
5724:No (abolished in 1945)
5614:No (abolished in 2003)
4992:No (suspended in 2008)
4878:No (abolished in 2005)
3968:No (abolished in 2010)
3947:No (abolished in 1992)
3864:Conscientious objection
3858:Conscientious objection
3806:and joined by Justices
3727:The Great Patriotic War
3610:Female Israeli soldiers
3602:Conscription and sexism
3583:It is estimated by the
3476:productivity are lost.
3473:post-industrial society
3294:Sexism and conscription
3185:Aleksander Sochaczewski
3164:advocated adopting the
3105:Painting depicting the
3032:caliphs in 9th-century
2927:dominate the government
2895:was widely used in the
2891:The system of military
2864:. At the time, land in
2860:tax was imposed on all
2542:conscientious objection
2397:Wartime sexual violence
2153:Full-spectrum dominance
1964:Supply-chain management
15868:Challener, Richard D.
15408:"NDF official numbers"
15013:"اگر سربازی نروید ..."
14689:Finnish Defence Forces
13842:. Marianopolis College
12492:gesetze-im-internet.de
12211:. Marianopolis College
11841:Human Rights Committee
11825:Dia de Defesa Nacional
11403:Oy, Edita Publishing.
11299:Women's History Review
11071:on September 13, 2013.
10993:Shephard, Ben (2003).
9916:Stephen, Lynn (1981).
9211:Merriam-Webster Online
9077:Conscription in Turkey
9057:Conscription in Russia
9037:Conscription in Mexico
9022:Conscription in France
8850:Conscription in Taiwan
8833:
8822:
8813:Conscription in Sweden
8742:Conscription in Serbia
8692:Conscription in Russia
8641:Conscription in Norway
8603:
8422:Conscription in Israel
8370:
8326:
8310:Conscription in Greece
8260:
8242:
8236:), as well as for the
8233:
8200:Finnish Defence Forces
8162:
8154:
8142:
8016:
7989:
7951:Cypriot National Guard
7941:Conscription in Cyprus
7894:
7860:Conscription in Canada
7796:
7603:, abolished in 2018).
6707:Dia da Defesa Nacional
4381:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3878:conscientious objector
3817:On 1 October 1999, in
3611:
3510:
3427:Arver v. United States
3369:
3299:Men's rights activists
3265:
3244:
3220:
3188:
3172:
3166:
3138:
3118:
3113:
3051:had been ruled by the
2888:
2816:
2809:
2570:
2562:
2309:Awards and decorations
2282:Peace through strength
2257:Low-intensity conflict
1891:Conscientious objector
1764:Area of responsibility
111:Conscientious objector
64:
15990:Linch, Kevin (2012).
15745:"Those were the days"
15584:(in Norwegian Bokmål)
15578:"En av ti møter ikke"
15552:www.sivilforsvaret.no
15523:www.sivilforsvaret.no
15494:www.sivilforsvaret.no
15410:. NDF. Archived from
14382:Forsvaret for Danmark
14292:"Kvinder i Forsvaret"
14133:"Danish Constitution"
13797:WRI, London 1998 and
11652:"Rostker v. Goldberg"
11559:Women at war, 1939–45
11502:Broad, Roger (2006).
11267:. February 10, 2024.
10915:(in Finnish). Otava.
10671:Seago, Laura (2009).
10657:Henderson, David R. "
10060:John Wiley & Sons
9949:"Women and the Draft"
9889:Westminster John Knox
9498:Gay, Suzanne (2001).
9373:. The Free Dictionary
9345:. Routledge. p.
9314:. Routledge. p.
9145:Economic conscription
9017:Conscription in Egypt
8820:
8368:
8325:armed with M1 Garands
8317:
8149:for all adult males (
8136:
8119:(disbanded in 2004).
8117:Estonian Rescue Board
8023:countries the act of
8009:
7984:Conscription duty as
7983:
7899:conscription in China
7888:
7832:Krasimir Karakachanov
6819:São Tomé and Príncipe
5324:No (suspended during
3609:
3569:Further information:
3514:Jean Jacques Rousseau
3506:
3489:Further information:
3453:cost-to-benefit ratio
3386:involuntary servitude
3374:American libertarians
3363:
3356:Involuntary servitude
3256:
3214:
3182:
3134:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
3104:
2978:Pargalı İbrahim Pasha
2883:
2814:
2801:
901:Torpedo data computer
891:Ship gun fire-control
170:By historical country
83:1780 caricature of a
38: No armed forces
33:
16252:at Wikimedia Commons
15654:Swedish Armed Forces
14752:Civilian service act
14710:Civilian service act
14541:. September 20, 2019
14515:on 27 September 2007
14489:on 18 September 2006
14263:"Før Forsvarets Dag"
12488:"WPflG – Einzelnorm"
12324:66 Lawyer Consultant
11654:. Cornell Law School
10603:U.S. Representative
9229:CBC Digital Archives
9213:. 13 September 2023.
9170:Military recruitment
8948:Conscription in the
8763:Parliament of Serbia
8698:Russian Armed Forces
8656:Norwegian Parliament
8554:improve this section
8444:of the Golan Heights
8379:IR police department
8248:Border Guard Service
8246:) in the 1970s (see
8238:Federal Border Guard
8226:federal armed forces
8204:Finnish Border Guard
7930:Conscription in Cuba
7565:United Arab Emirates
3834:persons are exempt.
3761:, alleging that the
3508:Conscription in Iran
3418:Thirteenth Amendment
3111:Louis-Léopold Boilly
2636:Around the reign of
2427:Military occupations
2262:Military engineering
2164:Unrestricted Warfare
2021:Force multiplication
919:Military manoeuvrers
453:By geographical area
424:United Arab Emirates
62: No information
15884:Fitzpatrick, Edward
15784:Hasbrouck, Edward.
15342:. 12 January 2016.
15294:on 26 December 2014
15216:. 24 February 2015.
14803:. 28 February 2019.
14669:. 26 November 2021.
14649:"Conscript service"
14617:www.riigiteataja.ee
13801:(1 November 2006).
13713:U.N. Refugee Agency
12929:on 27 February 2021
12560:. October 23, 2008.
12452:. October 23, 2008.
12367:Ministry of Defence
12119:. nationmaster.com.
11892:"Att vara vapenfri"
11243:. 15 December 2021.
10593:. www.dehnbase.org.
10485:. pp. 142–49.
10431:Syracuse University
9891:Press. p. 17.
9135:Counter-recruitment
8912:General Post Office
8516:military department
7964:Ministry of Defense
7907:Great Wall of China
7792:Republic of Austria
7571:alternative service
7546:Russo-Ukrainian War
7430:Trinidad and Tobago
7273:alternative service
7227:alternative service
7202:alternative service
7068:alternative service
7040:No (ended in 1994)
6779:alternative service
5377:alternative service
5201:alternative service
5108:alternative service
5020:alternative service
4927:alternative service
4855:alternative service
4764:No (ended in 1969)
4434:Alternative service
4127:alternative service
4027:Antigua and Barbuda
3919:
3901:Jehovah's Witnesses
3758:Rostker v. Goldberg
3531:Niccolò Machiavelli
3270:Great Patriotic War
3158:Frederick the Great
3044:from 1250 to 1517.
3024:sultans during the
2982:Sokollu Mehmet Paşa
2775:Anglo-Saxon English
2627:In pre-modern times
2554:alternative service
2113:Penal military unit
2098:Rules of engagement
1774:Command and control
1399:Operations research
863:Director (military)
853:Fire-control system
623:Command and control
504:Part of a series on
156:Penal military unit
121:Counter-recruitment
116:Conscription crisis
16271:Political theories
16198:. pp. 313–34.
15749:expressandstar.com
15576:Wilden, Victoria.
14877:Middle East Record
14784:2015-10-17 at the
14759:2015-11-20 at the
14734:2015-10-17 at the
14704:2017-02-27 at the
14685:2013-12-20 at the
14565:Human Rights Watch
14435:Retsinformation.de
14110:on 5 December 2020
13799:Xinhua News Agency
13753:. 16 January 2018.
13266:legislatie.just.ro
12775:The World Factbook
12676:The World Factbook
12628:on 16 October 2016
12427:. Associated Press
12192:. 22 October 2008.
12031:on August 19, 2007
11896:www.pliktverket.se
11532:Peace Pledge Union
11441:. Associated Press
11368:. 16 December 2009
11236:The World Factbook
11188:. 5 November 2021.
11181:The World Factbook
11160:. 5 November 2021.
11153:The World Factbook
11132:. 8 November 2021.
11125:The World Factbook
10957:10.1257/app.4.4.57
10874:"Overcoming Merit"
10838:"Cop Out on Class"
10625:aynrandlexicon.com
10483:Ashgate Publishing
10129:The New York Times
10096:The New York Times
9988:Candles in Babylon
9828:] (in Russian)
9175:Pospolite ruszenie
9165:Male expendability
9120:Civil conscription
8828:had conscription (
8823:
8708:on account of the
8395:Pahlavi government
8371:
8327:
8163:totalförsvarsplikt
8143:
7990:
7895:
6343:
4967:Dominican Republic
3917:
3767:Due Process Clause
3612:
3571:Industrial warfare
3511:
3499:Active citizenship
3370:
3311:men's rights group
3266:
3221:
3189:
3152:The defeat of the
3146:Napoleon Bonaparte
3114:
2889:
2817:
2222:Counter-insurgency
2143:Command of the sea
2088:Jewish laws on war
2063:Geneva Conventions
1599:Divide and conquer
1394:Military operation
1359:Tactical objective
858:Fire-control radar
835:Electronic-warfare
126:Draft-card burning
106:Civil conscription
65:
16248:Media related to
15981:978-0-521-59961-0
15230:. 25 August 2015.
14539:horninstitute.org
14329:. 13 October 2014
14209:www2.forsvaret.dk
13990:978-3-030-14701-3
13894:on July 18, 2011.
13888:www.chinapage.com
13506:on 29 August 2018
13476:on March 24, 2007
12849:. 8 December 2003
12778:(2024 ed.).
12308:. 6 January 2023.
12261:. 15 March 1998.
11803:. 3 October 2018.
11598:on April 23, 2009
11573:978-0-85045-349-2
11519:978-0-7146-5701-1
11239:(2024 ed.).
11184:(2024 ed.).
11156:(2024 ed.).
11128:(2024 ed.).
11041:978-0-306-47770-6
11010:978-0-674-01119-9
10913:Leijona ja kyyhky
10870:Postrel, Virginia
10836:Alter, Jonathan.
10648:(1987) pp. 219–20
10591:Libertarian Party
10492:978-0-754-64410-1
10440:978-0-549-40315-9
10411:978-1-139-45873-3
10379:978-0-306-47770-6
10069:978-0-470-67451-2
9898:978-0-664-25544-2
9867:978-0-8039-5577-6
9758:. 15 August 2016.
9738:978-0-8018-6616-6
8974:US National Guard
8908:Women's Land Army
8590:
8589:
8582:
8306:
8305:
8256:German government
8243:Bundesgrenzschutz
8086:1992 constitution
8064:National Assembly
8048:military training
7986:Royal Life Guards
7804:community service
7783:
7782:
5060:Equatorial Guinea
3899:by doctrine, and
3746:invasion of Japan
3596:Drafting of women
3495:Social solidarity
3394:Libertarian Party
3126:French Revolution
2846:agricultural land
2777:army, called the
2661:Code of Hammurabi
2646:Babylonian Empire
2612:English Civil War
2519:French Revolution
2500:
2499:
2392:Horses in warfare
2339:Anti-war movement
2242:Gunboat diplomacy
2232:Disaster response
2180:Philosophy of war
2175:Principles of war
2148:Deterrence theory
2093:Right of conquest
2016:Lanchester's laws
1784:Principles of war
1474:Counter-offensive
1459:Military campaign
1364:Target saturation
1287:Counterinsurgency
896:Gun data computer
830:Close air support
792:Aircraft carriers
499:
498:
199:By modern country
16283:
16247:
16233:
16218:
16199:
16194:. Vol. 26.
16184:
16153:
16126:
16117:
16111:
16103:
16093:
16048:
16046:
16045:
16036:. Archived from
15997:
15985:
15964:
15929:
15901:
15848:
15847:
15845:
15843:
15826:
15820:
15819:
15808:
15802:
15801:
15799:
15797:
15781:
15775:
15774:
15766:
15760:
15759:
15757:
15755:
15741:
15735:
15728:
15722:
15715:
15709:
15702:
15696:
15695:
15693:
15691:
15676:
15670:
15669:
15667:
15665:
15660:on 29 March 2017
15656:. Archived from
15646:
15640:
15634:
15625:
15619:
15613:
15612:
15599:
15593:
15592:
15590:
15589:
15573:
15567:
15566:
15564:
15563:
15544:
15538:
15537:
15535:
15534:
15525:. Archived from
15515:
15509:
15508:
15506:
15505:
15486:
15480:
15479:
15477:
15475:
15460:
15454:
15453:
15451:
15450:
15429:
15423:
15422:
15420:
15419:
15404:
15398:
15397:
15395:
15394:
15380:
15374:
15373:
15362:
15356:
15355:
15353:
15351:
15336:
15330:
15329:
15327:
15325:
15319:rijksoverheid.nl
15310:
15304:
15303:
15301:
15299:
15290:. Archived from
15284:
15275:
15274:
15272:
15271:
15262:. Archived from
15256:
15250:
15249:
15248:(in Lithuanian).
15238:
15232:
15231:
15224:
15218:
15217:
15210:
15204:
15203:
15201:
15200:
15185:
15179:
15178:
15176:
15175:
15159:
15153:
15152:
15150:
15149:
15134:
15128:
15127:
15125:
15124:
15108:
15102:
15101:
15099:
15098:
15083:
15077:
15076:
15074:
15073:
15058:
15052:
15051:
15049:
15048:
15033:
15027:
15026:
15024:
15023:
15008:
15002:
15001:
14999:
14998:
14983:
14977:
14976:
14970:
14962:
14960:
14959:
14948:
14942:
14941:
14939:
14938:
14923:
14917:
14916:
14914:
14913:
14898:
14892:
14891:
14872:
14866:
14865:
14863:
14862:
14847:
14836:
14835:
14833:
14832:
14826:
14820:. Archived from
14819:
14811:
14805:
14804:
14797:
14791:
14790:
14777:Conscription act
14772:
14766:
14765:
14747:
14741:
14740:
14727:Conscription act
14722:
14716:
14715:
14696:
14690:
14677:
14671:
14670:
14663:
14657:
14656:
14655:. December 2023.
14645:
14639:
14638:
14627:
14621:
14620:
14609:
14603:
14602:
14600:
14599:
14584:
14578:
14577:
14575:
14573:
14568:. August 8, 2019
14556:
14550:
14549:
14547:
14546:
14531:
14525:
14524:
14522:
14520:
14511:. Archived from
14505:
14499:
14498:
14496:
14494:
14485:. Archived from
14478:
14472:
14471:
14469:
14468:
14452:
14446:
14445:
14443:
14442:
14427:
14421:
14420:
14418:
14417:
14403:
14397:
14396:
14394:
14393:
14384:. Archived from
14374:
14368:
14367:
14365:
14364:
14345:
14339:
14338:
14336:
14334:
14319:
14313:
14312:
14310:
14309:
14300:. Archived from
14288:
14282:
14281:
14279:
14278:
14269:. Archived from
14259:
14253:
14252:
14250:
14249:
14240:. Archived from
14230:
14224:
14223:
14221:
14220:
14211:. Archived from
14201:
14195:
14194:
14192:
14191:
14177:
14168:
14167:
14165:
14164:
14150:
14144:
14143:
14137:
14129:
14123:
14122:
14117:
14115:
14096:
14090:
14089:
14087:
14085:
14076:. Archived from
14066:
14060:
14059:
14057:
14018:
14009:
14003:
14002:
13968:
13962:
13961:
13950:
13944:
13943:
13942:. 15 March 1998.
13932:
13926:
13925:
13923:
13922:
13913:. Archived from
13902:
13896:
13895:
13890:. Archived from
13880:
13874:
13873:
13871:
13869:
13858:
13852:
13851:
13849:
13847:
13831:
13825:
13824:
13818:
13810:
13794:
13788:
13787:
13775:
13769:
13768:
13761:
13755:
13754:
13747:
13741:
13740:
13729:
13723:
13722:
13720:
13719:
13704:
13698:
13697:
13695:
13694:
13688:
13681:
13673:
13667:
13666:
13664:
13663:
13649:
13643:
13642:
13640:
13638:
13623:
13617:
13616:
13604:
13598:
13597:
13586:
13580:
13579:
13568:
13562:
13561:
13559:
13558:
13543:
13537:
13536:
13534:
13533:
13522:
13516:
13515:
13513:
13511:
13492:
13486:
13485:
13483:
13481:
13472:. Archived from
13462:
13456:
13443:
13437:
13436:
13434:
13433:
13424:. Archived from
13414:
13408:
13407:
13401:
13393:
13387:
13386:
13379:
13373:
13372:
13370:
13369:
13360:. Archived from
13350:
13344:
13343:
13341:
13340:
13335:on July 22, 2011
13321:
13315:
13314:
13312:
13311:
13296:
13290:
13289:
13282:
13276:
13275:
13273:
13272:
13258:
13252:
13251:
13240:
13234:
13233:
13231:
13230:
13221:. Archived from
13219:juventude.gov.pt
13210:
13204:
13203:
13201:
13200:
13186:
13169:
13163:
13162:
13160:
13158:
13142:
13136:
13132:
13126:
13125:
13118:
13112:
13111:
13105:
13103:
13098:on 22 March 2016
13094:. Archived from
13084:
13078:
13071:
13065:
13064:
13053:
13047:
13046:
13035:
13029:
13028:
13026:
13025:
13014:
13008:
13007:
13005:
13004:
12987:
12981:
12980:
12978:
12977:
12966:
12960:
12959:
12957:
12956:
12945:
12939:
12938:
12936:
12934:
12925:. Archived from
12914:
12908:
12907:
12905:
12904:
12890:
12884:
12883:
12881:
12879:
12865:
12859:
12858:
12856:
12854:
12839:
12833:
12832:
12830:
12829:
12820:. Archived from
12814:
12808:
12807:
12800:
12794:
12789:
12787:
12786:
12766:
12760:
12759:
12757:
12756:
12742:
12736:
12735:
12733:
12732:
12718:
12712:
12711:
12709:
12707:
12692:
12686:
12685:
12684:
12683:
12668:
12662:
12661:
12659:
12658:
12644:
12638:
12637:
12635:
12633:
12624:. Archived from
12613:
12607:
12606:
12594:
12588:
12587:
12585:
12583:
12568:
12562:
12561:
12550:
12544:
12543:
12541:
12540:
12526:
12520:
12519:
12517:
12516:
12502:
12496:
12495:
12484:
12478:
12477:
12475:
12474:
12460:
12454:
12453:
12442:
12436:
12435:
12433:
12432:
12416:
12410:
12409:
12402:
12396:
12395:
12388:
12382:
12381:
12379:
12377:
12359:
12353:
12352:
12350:
12349:
12334:
12328:
12327:
12316:
12310:
12309:
12298:
12289:
12288:
12276:
12267:
12266:
12249:
12243:
12242:
12240:
12238:
12227:
12221:
12220:
12218:
12216:
12200:
12194:
12193:
12182:
12176:
12170:
12164:
12163:
12161:
12160:
12147:Brasil, Portal.
12144:
12135:
12134:
12127:
12121:
12120:
12113:
12107:
12106:
12104:
12103:
12094:. Archived from
12084:
12075:
12074:
12072:
12071:
12060:
12054:
12053:
12046:
12040:
12039:
12037:
12036:
12020:
12014:
12013:
12011:
12010:
11996:
11990:
11989:
11987:
11985:
11973:
11967:
11966:
11959:
11950:
11949:
11938:
11932:
11931:
11929:
11928:
11913:
11907:
11906:
11904:
11903:
11888:
11882:
11881:
11879:
11878:
11867:
11861:
11860:
11858:
11857:
11833:
11827:
11822:
11816:
11811:
11805:
11804:
11797:
11791:
11790:
11783:
11777:
11776:
11774:
11773:
11764:. Archived from
11754:
11748:
11747:
11745:
11743:
11726:
11720:
11719:
11717:
11715:
11698:
11692:
11691:
11689:
11687:
11670:
11664:
11663:
11661:
11659:
11648:
11642:
11641:
11618:Nursing Research
11613:
11607:
11606:
11604:
11603:
11584:
11578:
11577:
11553:
11547:
11546:
11544:
11543:
11534:. Archived from
11523:
11499:
11493:
11492:
11481:
11472:
11467:
11461:
11456:
11450:
11449:
11447:
11446:
11430:
11424:
11423:
11421:
11420:
11400:
11394:
11393:
11391:
11390:
11375:
11369:
11359:
11353:
11352:
11350:
11348:
11334:
11325:
11324:
11314:
11305:(7): 1039–1056.
11290:
11275:
11258:
11249:
11244:
11227:
11221:
11220:
11218:
11216:
11205:
11194:
11189:
11172:
11166:
11161:
11144:
11138:
11133:
11116:
11110:
11109:(see footnote 3)
11108:
11106:
11105:
11099:
11093:. Archived from
11092:
11084:
11073:
11072:
11057:
11046:
11045:
11021:
11015:
11014:
10990:
10984:
10983:
10981:
10942:
10933:
10927:
10926:
10908:
10902:
10901:
10899:
10898:
10884:
10878:
10877:
10872:(October 1995).
10866:
10860:
10859:
10852:
10846:
10845:
10833:
10827:
10826:
10824:
10823:
10814:. Archived from
10807:
10801:
10800:
10772:
10766:
10765:
10747:
10741:
10736:Chapter VII and
10731:
10725:
10719:
10713:
10712:
10710:
10708:
10694:Friedman, Milton
10690:
10684:
10683:
10677:
10668:
10662:
10661:" (August 2005).
10655:
10649:
10642:
10636:
10635:
10633:
10631:
10617:
10611:
10601:
10595:
10594:
10583:
10577:
10576:
10574:
10573:
10559:
10553:
10552:
10550:
10549:
10537:Korte, Gregory.
10534:
10528:
10527:
10525:
10524:
10510:
10504:
10503:
10501:
10499:
10472:
10466:
10465:
10459:
10451:
10449:
10447:
10420:
10414:
10388:
10382:
10359:
10353:
10352:
10350:
10348:
10333:
10327:
10326:
10318:
10312:
10311:
10303:
10297:
10296:
10288:
10282:
10281:
10273:
10267:
10266:
10258:
10252:
10251:
10249:
10247:
10232:
10226:
10225:
10223:
10221:
10206:
10200:
10199:
10197:
10195:
10173:
10167:
10166:
10153:
10147:
10146:
10144:
10143:
10120:
10114:
10113:
10111:
10110:
10087:
10081:
10080:
10078:
10076:
10052:(May 15, 2012).
10046:
10037:
10036:
10034:
10032:
10010:
10004:
10003:
9991:
9977:
9971:
9970:
9958:
9944:
9938:
9937:
9935:
9933:
9913:
9907:
9906:
9878:
9872:
9871:
9851:
9845:
9843:
9837:
9829:
9820:Кривошеев, ГФ ,
9817:
9811:
9810:
9805:. Archived from
9793:
9787:
9786:
9785:. February 1945.
9775:
9769:
9759:
9752:
9746:
9745:
9722:
9716:
9715:
9713:
9712:
9697:
9691:
9690:
9679:
9673:
9666:
9660:
9659:
9644:
9638:
9637:
9635:
9634:
9618:
9612:
9611:
9609:
9608:
9599:. Archived from
9589:
9583:
9582:
9569:
9563:
9562:
9546:
9540:
9539:
9537:
9536:
9523:Lewis, Bernard.
9520:
9514:
9513:
9495:
9489:
9486:Alfred the Great
9482:
9476:
9475:
9455:
9449:
9448:
9416:
9410:
9407:
9401:
9398:
9392:
9389:
9383:
9382:
9380:
9378:
9367:
9361:
9360:
9336:
9330:
9329:
9305:
9299:
9298:
9273:(7): 1456–1481.
9262:
9253:
9252:
9239:
9233:
9232:
9221:
9215:
9214:
9203:
8932:Harold Macmillan
8896:Northern Ireland
8585:
8578:
8574:
8571:
8565:
8534:
8526:
8402:health insurance
8323:Greek Parliament
8301:
8298:
8292:
8280:
8279:
8272:
8263:
8245:
7866:Canadian militia
7801:
7770:
7768:
7767:
7749:
7747:
7746:
7728:
7726:
7725:
7707:
7705:
7704:
7695:Male and female
7686:
7684:
7683:
7665:
7663:
7662:
7644:
7642:
7641:
7618:
7616:
7615:
7601:Bermuda Regiment
7588:
7586:
7585:
7563:
7561:
7560:
7538:
7536:
7535:
7517:
7515:
7514:
7496:
7494:
7493:
7470:
7468:
7467:
7458:Male and female
7449:
7447:
7446:
7428:
7426:
7425:
7407:
7405:
7404:
7386:
7384:
7383:
7374:Male and female
7365:
7363:
7362:
7335:
7333:
7332:
7323:Male and female
7314:
7312:
7311:
7293:
7291:
7290:
7265:
7263:
7262:
7244:
7242:
7241:
7219:
7217:
7216:
7207:Male and female
7194:
7192:
7191:
7173:
7171:
7170:
7161:Male and female
7148:
7146:
7145:
7127:
7125:
7124:
7106:
7104:
7103:
7094:Male and female
7085:
7083:
7082:
7055:
7053:
7052:
7034:
7032:
7031:
7013:
7011:
7010:
6992:
6990:
6989:
6971:
6969:
6968:
6948:
6946:
6945:
6927:
6925:
6924:
6906:
6904:
6903:
6880:
6878:
6877:
6868:Male and female
6859:
6857:
6856:
6838:
6836:
6835:
6817:
6815:
6814:
6796:
6794:
6793:
6766:
6764:
6763:
6745:
6743:
6742:
6724:
6722:
6721:
6712:Male and female
6699:
6697:
6696:
6678:
6676:
6675:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6610:
6608:
6607:
6591:Papua New Guinea
6589:
6587:
6586:
6568:
6566:
6565:
6547:
6545:
6544:
6535:Male and female
6526:
6524:
6523:
6505:
6503:
6502:
6493:Male and female
6484:
6482:
6481:
6463:
6461:
6460:
6451:Male and female
6442:
6440:
6439:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6388:Male and female
6365:
6363:
6362:
6344:
6342:
6341:
6323:
6321:
6320:
6311:Male and female
6297:
6295:
6294:
6285:Male and female
6271:
6269:
6268:
6259:Male and female
6250:
6248:
6247:
6229:
6227:
6226:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6184:
6182:
6181:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6142:
6140:
6139:
6121:
6119:
6118:
6109:Male and female
6100:
6098:
6097:
6079:
6077:
6076:
6054:
6052:
6051:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6012:
6010:
6009:
5991:
5989:
5988:
5970:
5968:
5967:
5949:
5947:
5946:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5907:
5905:
5904:
5886:
5884:
5883:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5844:
5842:
5841:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5781:
5779:
5778:
5760:
5758:
5757:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5697:
5695:
5694:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5629:
5627:
5626:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5541:
5539:
5538:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5478:
5476:
5475:
5457:
5455:
5454:
5445:Male and female
5436:
5434:
5433:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5188:
5186:
5185:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5088:Male and female
5079:
5077:
5076:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5007:
5005:
5004:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4830:Male and female
4821:
4819:
4818:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4788:Male and female
4779:
4777:
4776:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4616:Male and female
4607:
4605:
4604:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4493:
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4490:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4367:Male and female
4358:
4356:
4355:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4325:Male and female
4316:
4314:
4313:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4215:Bangladesh Ansar
4207:
4205:
4204:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4093:
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4090:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4046:
4044:
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4025:
4023:
4022:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3920:
3916:
3913:Military service
3882:military service
3585:British military
3542:national service
3392:, a former U.S.
3249:
3175:
3169:
3143:
3128:, to enable the
3123:
3073:Mongol Ilkhanate
2931:Mamluks of Egypt
2876:Military slavery
2854:Ise Grand Shrine
2773:The bulk of the
2575:
2567:
2511:military service
2507:national service
2492:
2485:
2478:
2247:Humanitarian aid
2185:Security dilemma
2006:Power projection
1789:Economy of force
1769:Chain of command
1484:Defence in depth
1469:Commerce raiding
1292:Defeat in detail
628:Defense ministry
532:
523:
522:
513:
501:
500:
491:
484:
477:
151:National service
146:Military service
92:Related concepts
81:
67:
66:
61:
55:
49:
43:
37:
16291:
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16282:
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16256:
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16215:
16142:
16105:
16104:
16053:History Compass
16043:
16041:
15982:
15926:
15857:
15855:Further reading
15852:
15851:
15841:
15839:
15827:
15823:
15810:
15809:
15805:
15795:
15793:
15782:
15778:
15767:
15763:
15753:
15751:
15743:
15742:
15738:
15732:Defence Studies
15729:
15725:
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15703:
15699:
15689:
15687:
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15673:
15663:
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14808:
14799:
14798:
14794:
14788:
14786:Wayback Machine
14773:
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14763:
14761:Wayback Machine
14748:
14744:
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14736:Wayback Machine
14723:
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14706:Wayback Machine
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14687:Wayback Machine
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14479:
14475:
14466:
14464:
14453:
14449:
14440:
14438:
14429:
14428:
14424:
14415:
14413:
14407:"Militærnægter"
14405:
14404:
14400:
14391:
14389:
14376:
14375:
14371:
14362:
14360:
14349:"Værnepligtige"
14347:
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14316:
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14162:
14160:
14158:Retsinformation
14152:
14151:
14147:
14135:
14131:
14130:
14126:
14113:
14111:
14100:"Άδειες Εξόδου"
14098:
14097:
14093:
14083:
14081:
14074:www.army.gov.cy
14068:
14067:
14063:
14055:
14021:Defence Studies
14016:
14010:
14006:
13991:
13969:
13965:
13960:. 16 June 2022.
13952:
13951:
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13933:
13929:
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13903:
13899:
13884:"chinapage.com"
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13867:
13865:
13859:
13855:
13845:
13843:
13832:
13828:
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13807:www.wri-irg.org
13795:
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13784:www.wri-irg.org
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13454:Wayback Machine
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13189:telegraph.co.uk
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12345:
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12326:. 8 March 2023.
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11491:. 7 March 2024.
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10507:
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10453:
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10443:
10441:
10433:. p. 149.
10421:
10417:
10389:
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10356:
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10335:
10334:
10330:
10323:Resistance News
10320:
10319:
10315:
10308:Resistance News
10305:
10304:
10300:
10293:Resistance News
10290:
10289:
10285:
10278:Resistance News
10274:
10270:
10263:Resistance News
10259:
10255:
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10243:
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10229:
10219:
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10193:
10191:
10181:Washington Post
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9814:
9809:on 18 May 2013.
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9008:
9006:Other countries
8978:Militia Clauses
8946:
8940:
8923:and 80% of the
8917:Royal Air Force
8873:
8867:
8852:
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8815:
8809:
8804:
8798:
8777:
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8620:King of Holland
8616:Louis Bonaparte
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8566:
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8509:
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8391:1979 revolution
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4709:
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4600:
4590:Reserve Militia
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3934:
3915:
3909:
3874:
3862:Main articles:
3860:
3812:Brett Kavanaugh
3804:Sonia Sotomayor
3771:Fifth Amendment
3751:In 1981 in the
3625:gender equality
3621:rite of passage
3617:test of manhood
3604:
3598:
3581:
3567:
3501:
3491:Social contract
3487:
3482:
3464:Milton Friedman
3449:
3388:. For example,
3380:, arguing that
3358:
3296:
3290:
3285:
3282:
3209:
3099:
3093:
3091:In modern times
2993:Barbary Pirates
2935:Janissary corps
2878:
2762:) or sometimes
2674:
2672:Medieval levies
2669:
2667:Medieval period
2634:
2629:
2624:
2586:internal troops
2564:siviilipalvelus
2496:
2467:
2466:
2417:
2407:
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2372:
2364:
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2304:
2294:
2293:
2267:Multilateralism
2252:Law enforcement
2212:
2202:
2201:
2170:Just war theory
2128:
2118:
2117:
2068:Geneva Protocol
2038:
2028:
2027:
2001:
1991:
1990:
1932:
1922:
1921:
1829:
1819:
1818:
1759:
1749:
1748:
1714:
1704:
1703:
1634:Network-centric
1554:
1544:
1543:
1451:
1441:
1440:
1389:
1379:
1378:
1327:Rapid dominance
1232:
1222:
1221:
1177:Electromagnetic
1086:
1076:
1075:
1062:
1015:
963:
939:
929:
928:
924:Combat training
905:
882:
848:Combat systems:
844:
806:
802:Auxiliary ships
768:
728:
724:Military police
690:
613:
603:
602:
542:
516:
515:
514:
509:
495:
466:
448:
374:the Philippines
344:the Netherlands
193:
165:
87:
63:
59:
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53:
51:
47:
45:
41:
39:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
16289:
16279:
16278:
16273:
16268:
16254:
16253:
16241:
16225:
16224:External links
16222:
16220:
16219:
16213:
16200:
16185:
16167:(3): 481–504.
16154:
16140:
16127:
16118:
16076:(4): 682–713.
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15873:
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15821:
15803:
15790:Resisters.info
15776:
15761:
15736:
15723:
15710:
15697:
15671:
15652:(in Swedish).
15641:
15626:
15614:
15594:
15568:
15539:
15510:
15481:
15470:. 25 July 2024
15455:
15424:
15399:
15388:Deutsche Welle
15375:
15357:
15340:"Dienstplicht"
15331:
15305:
15276:
15251:
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15219:
15205:
15180:
15154:
15129:
15103:
15091:BBC News فارسی
15078:
15053:
15028:
15003:
14978:
14943:
14918:
14893:
14886:
14867:
14855:BBC News فارسی
14837:
14806:
14792:
14767:
14742:
14717:
14691:
14672:
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14640:
14622:
14604:
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14500:
14473:
14461:Nyheder.TV2.dk
14447:
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14398:
14369:
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14314:
14283:
14254:
14225:
14196:
14169:
14145:
14124:
14091:
14080:on 9 June 2019
14061:
14027:(4): 408–426.
14004:
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13668:
13644:
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13563:
13538:
13517:
13487:
13457:
13438:
13418:"Plikten idag"
13409:
13388:
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13345:
13316:
13291:
13277:
13253:
13235:
13205:
13164:
13151:www.novinky.cz
13137:
13127:
13113:
13079:
13066:
13048:
13045:. 1 June 2006.
13030:
13009:
12982:
12961:
12940:
12909:
12885:
12873:thestar.com.my
12860:
12834:
12809:
12795:
12761:
12750:www.mod.gov.lv
12737:
12713:
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12639:
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12563:
12545:
12521:
12497:
12479:
12455:
12437:
12419:Olsen, Jan M.
12411:
12397:
12383:
12354:
12344:. May 10, 2007
12329:
12311:
12290:
12287:on 2017-02-03.
12268:
12264:the age of 18.
12244:
12222:
12195:
12177:
12165:
12136:
12133:. setimes.com.
12122:
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11991:
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11643:
11624:(5): 402–413.
11608:
11588:"Draft Women?"
11579:
11572:
11548:
11518:
11494:
11473:
11462:
11451:
11433:Olsen, Jan M.
11425:
11395:
11370:
11354:
11342:Deutsche Welle
11326:
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10168:
10148:
10115:
10082:
10068:
10050:Benatar, David
10038:
10005:
9998:
9972:
9965:
9939:
9908:
9897:
9873:
9866:
9846:
9812:
9788:
9783:LoneSentry.com
9770:
9747:
9737:
9717:
9692:
9689:on 2016-03-04.
9674:
9668:Dierk Walter.
9661:
9658:on 2009-10-28.
9648:"Conscription"
9639:
9621:Lewis (1994).
9613:
9584:
9564:
9561:on 4 May 2017.
9541:
9515:
9508:
9490:
9484:Sturdy, David
9477:
9470:
9450:
9411:
9402:
9393:
9384:
9362:
9355:
9331:
9324:
9300:
9254:
9243:"World War II"
9234:
9216:
9207:"Conscription"
9197:
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9188:
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9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9007:
9004:
8999:Gray H. Miller
8942:Main article:
8939:
8936:
8877:United Kingdom
8869:Main article:
8866:
8865:United Kingdom
8863:
8848:Main article:
8845:
8842:
8811:Main article:
8808:
8805:
8800:Main article:
8797:
8794:
8790:National Party
8773:Main article:
8770:
8767:
8740:Main article:
8737:
8734:
8690:Main article:
8687:
8684:
8639:Main article:
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8592:Main article:
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8505:
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8127:Main article:
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8042:
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8029:
7974:Main article:
7971:
7968:
7947:Cyprus problem
7939:Main article:
7936:
7933:
7928:Main article:
7925:
7922:
7882:
7879:
7858:Main article:
7855:
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7811:
7808:
7806:is mandatory.
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7590:United Kingdom
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4874:Czech Republic
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3911:Main article:
3908:
3905:
3893:peace churches
3868:Antimilitarism
3859:
3856:
3808:Stephen Breyer
3784:Gray H. Miller
3597:
3594:
3566:
3563:
3554:Charles Rangel
3546:Jonathan Alter
3519:Roman Republic
3486:
3483:
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3478:
3448:
3445:
3357:
3354:
3292:Main article:
3289:
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3278:
3208:
3205:
3193:Russian Empire
3167:levée en masse
3120:levée en masse
3092:
3089:
2964:. The Sultans
2939:Ottoman Empire
2920:Abbasid caliph
2904:slave-soldiers
2877:
2874:
2688:commoners and
2673:
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2623:
2620:
2616:United Kingdom
2498:
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2472:
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2432:Military terms
2429:
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2219:
2213:
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2199:
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2190:Tripwire force
2182:
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2124:
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2100:
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1636:
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1614:Fleet in being
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
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1561:
1555:
1552:Grand strategy
1550:
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1539:Scorched earth
1536:
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1217:Unconventional
1214:
1209:
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1199:
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1174:
1165:
1163:Disinformation
1160:
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914:Basic training
911:
904:
903:
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888:
881:
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870:
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850:
843:
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840:Reconnaissance
837:
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812:
805:
804:
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756:
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714:Reconnaissance
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557:Post-classical
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248:child soldiers
244:Congo-Kinshasa
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141:Levée en masse
138:
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82:
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15:
9:
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4:
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16251:
16246:
16242:
16240:at Wiktionary
16239:
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16227:
16216:
16214:0-7735-2263-8
16210:
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16141:9781482761498
16137:
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16092:
16087:
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16071:
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16058:
16054:
16050:
16040:on 2009-06-01
16039:
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16023:
16020:(4): 571–99.
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15773:. ThoughtsCo.
15772:
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15714:
15707:
15704:Roger Broad,
15701:
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15638:
15633:
15631:
15623:
15618:
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15598:
15583:
15579:
15572:
15558:on 2018-08-22
15557:
15553:
15549:
15543:
15529:on 2018-08-22
15528:
15524:
15520:
15514:
15500:on 2018-08-22
15499:
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15491:
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15469:
15468:SecurityWomen
15465:
15459:
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15428:
15414:on 2011-01-12
15413:
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15289:
15283:
15281:
15266:on 2024-02-06
15265:
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15243:
15237:
15229:
15223:
15215:
15209:
15195:on 2019-03-16
15194:
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15158:
15143:
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15118:
15114:
15107:
15092:
15088:
15082:
15068:on 2018-03-11
15067:
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15038:
15032:
15017:
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15007:
14992:
14988:
14982:
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14968:
14953:
14947:
14933:on 2016-09-13
14932:
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14889:
14887:9780470216118
14883:
14879:
14878:
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14844:
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14827:on 2012-01-05
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14593:
14592:Africa Portal
14589:
14583:
14572:September 27,
14567:
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14514:
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14412:
14408:
14402:
14388:on 2016-02-24
14387:
14383:
14379:
14373:
14359:on 2016-11-23
14358:
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14350:
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14328:
14324:
14318:
14304:on 2016-02-24
14303:
14299:
14298:
14293:
14287:
14273:on 2016-02-22
14272:
14268:
14264:
14258:
14244:on 2016-02-24
14243:
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14215:on 2016-02-22
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13917:on 2018-10-24
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13703:
13689:on 2011-09-26
13685:
13678:
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13654:
13648:
13633:. 4 July 2008
13632:
13631:UK Parliament
13628:
13622:
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13610:
13603:
13596:. 2 May 2014.
13595:
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13505:
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13461:
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13451:
13447:
13442:
13428:on 2017-03-11
13427:
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13405:
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13392:
13384:
13378:
13364:on 2010-11-29
13363:
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13330:
13329:Slovenia News
13326:
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13287:
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13250:. 2018-04-05.
13249:
13248:Qatar Tribune
13245:
13239:
13225:on 2017-10-20
13224:
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13019:
13013:
12999:on 2007-08-23
12998:
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12986:
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12894:"LP1245/2002"
12889:
12874:
12870:
12864:
12848:
12844:
12838:
12824:on 2020-08-09
12823:
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12622:chartsbin.com
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12576:CNN Indonesia
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12153:Portal Brasil
12150:
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12118:
12112:
12098:on 2024-07-23
12097:
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11921:Svenska Freds
11918:
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11897:
11893:
11887:
11872:
11866:
11852:on 2017-09-26
11851:
11847:
11842:
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11796:
11788:
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11768:on 2008-06-03
11767:
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11560:
11552:
11538:on 2009-03-29
11537:
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11498:
11490:
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11480:
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11455:
11440:
11436:
11429:
11415:on 2021-07-12
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11231:"North Korea"
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11100:on 2008-06-24
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10918:
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10907:
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10857:
10851:
10843:
10839:
10832:
10818:on 2020-05-26
10817:
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10771:
10763:
10761:9781134605682
10757:
10753:
10746:
10740:Chapter XIII.
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10707:September 11,
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10119:
10105:
10101:
10097:
10093:
10086:
10071:
10065:
10061:
10057:
10056:
10051:
10045:
10043:
10026:
10022:
10021:
10016:
10009:
10001:
9999:9780811208314
9995:
9990:
9989:
9983:
9976:
9968:
9962:
9957:
9956:
9950:
9943:
9927:
9923:
9919:
9912:
9905:
9900:
9894:
9890:
9886:
9885:
9877:
9869:
9863:
9859:
9858:
9850:
9841:
9835:
9827:
9823:
9816:
9808:
9804:
9803:
9798:
9792:
9784:
9780:
9774:
9767:
9763:
9757:
9751:
9744:
9740:
9734:
9730:
9729:
9721:
9707:on 2008-06-03
9706:
9702:
9696:
9688:
9684:
9678:
9671:
9665:
9657:
9653:
9649:
9643:
9629:on 2001-04-01
9628:
9624:
9617:
9603:on 2011-07-16
9602:
9598:
9597:Sunnah Online
9594:
9588:
9580:
9579:
9574:
9568:
9560:
9556:
9552:
9545:
9531:on 2001-04-01
9530:
9526:
9519:
9511:
9509:9780824864880
9505:
9501:
9494:
9487:
9481:
9473:
9471:9780404565459
9467:
9463:
9462:
9454:
9446:
9442:
9438:
9434:
9430:
9426:
9422:
9415:
9406:
9397:
9388:
9372:
9371:"arrière-ban"
9366:
9358:
9356:0-415-11032-7
9352:
9348:
9344:
9343:
9335:
9327:
9325:0-415-11032-7
9321:
9317:
9313:
9312:
9304:
9296:
9292:
9288:
9284:
9280:
9276:
9272:
9268:
9261:
9259:
9250:
9249:
9244:
9238:
9230:
9226:
9220:
9212:
9208:
9202:
9198:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9140:Draft evasion
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9117:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9009:
9003:
9000:
8996:
8992:
8991:
8985:
8983:
8979:
8975:
8970:
8966:
8962:
8959:
8955:
8951:
8950:United States
8945:
8938:United States
8935:
8933:
8928:
8926:
8922:
8919:, 60% of the
8918:
8913:
8909:
8905:
8899:
8897:
8893:
8888:
8886:
8882:
8878:
8872:
8862:
8860:
8856:
8851:
8841:
8837:
8835:
8831:
8827:
8819:
8814:
8803:
8793:
8791:
8787:
8782:
8776:
8766:
8764:
8759:
8757:
8756:civil service
8753:
8749:
8743:
8733:
8731:
8727:
8723:
8722:BARS (Russia)
8719:
8715:
8711:
8707:
8703:
8699:
8693:
8683:
8681:
8677:
8676:Civil defence
8672:
8670:
8666:
8661:
8657:
8652:
8648:
8642:
8632:
8628:
8624:
8621:
8617:
8613:
8609:
8605:
8601:
8595:
8584:
8581:
8573:
8563:
8559:
8555:
8549:
8548:
8544:
8539:This section
8537:
8533:
8528:
8527:
8519:
8517:
8513:
8504:
8496:
8491:
8481:
8479:
8474:
8471:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8453:
8450:
8446:
8443:
8439:
8436:
8435:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8423:
8413:
8411:
8410:Iran-Iraq war
8407:
8403:
8398:
8396:
8392:
8389:. Before the
8388:
8384:
8380:
8376:
8367:
8358:
8355:
8351:
8347:
8345:
8339:
8336:
8332:
8324:
8320:
8316:
8311:
8300:
8288:
8283:
8274:
8273:
8265:
8262:
8257:
8253:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8235:
8231:
8227:
8221:
8211:
8209:
8205:
8201:
8196:
8194:
8193:are permitted
8189:
8185:
8179:
8176:
8170:
8168:
8164:
8160:
8156:
8152:
8148:
8140:
8139:military oath
8135:
8130:
8120:
8118:
8114:
8110:
8106:
8102:
8098:
8093:
8089:
8087:
8083:
8079:
8065:
8061:
8057:
8053:
8049:
8045:
8039:
8028:
8026:
8020:
8015:
8014:
8008:
8006:
8001:
7999:
7995:
7988:in Copenhagen
7987:
7982:
7977:
7967:
7965:
7961:
7956:
7955:Greek Cypriot
7952:
7948:
7942:
7931:
7921:
7919:
7915:
7910:
7908:
7904:
7900:
7892:
7887:
7878:
7875:
7870:
7867:
7861:
7851:
7849:
7839:
7837:
7833:
7828:
7819:
7816:
7807:
7805:
7800:
7799:
7793:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7762:
7761:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7741:
7740:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7720:
7719:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7699:
7698:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7678:
7677:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7657:
7656:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7636:
7635:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7625:
7624:(see details)
7621:
7620:United States
7610:
7609:
7605:
7602:
7598:
7596:
7595:
7594:(see details)
7591:
7580:
7579:
7575:
7572:
7568:
7566:
7555:
7554:
7550:
7547:
7543:
7541:
7530:
7529:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7509:
7508:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7488:
7487:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7477:
7476:(see details)
7473:
7462:
7461:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7441:
7440:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7420:
7419:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7399:
7398:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7378:
7377:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7357:
7356:
7352:
7348:
7344:
7340:
7338:
7327:
7326:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7306:
7305:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7285:
7284:
7280:
7274:
7270:
7268:
7257:
7256:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7236:
7235:
7231:
7228:
7224:
7222:
7211:
7210:
7206:
7203:
7199:
7197:
7186:
7185:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7165:
7164:
7160:
7157:
7153:
7151:
7140:
7139:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7119:
7118:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7098:
7097:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7077:
7076:
7072:
7069:
7065:
7063:
7062:
7061:(see details)
7058:
7047:
7046:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7026:
7025:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7005:
7004:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6984:
6983:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6963:
6962:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6940:
6939:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6919:
6918:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6898:
6897:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6887:
6886:(see details)
6883:
6872:
6871:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6851:
6850:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6830:
6829:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6809:
6808:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6788:
6787:
6783:
6780:
6776:
6774:
6773:
6772:(see details)
6769:
6758:
6757:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6737:
6736:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6716:
6715:
6711:
6708:
6704:
6702:
6691:
6690:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6670:
6669:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6658:(see details)
6655:
6644:
6643:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6623:
6622:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6602:
6601:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6581:
6580:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6560:
6559:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6539:
6538:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6518:
6517:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6497:
6496:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6476:
6475:
6472:
6468:
6466:
6455:
6454:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6434:
6433:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6413:
6412:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6392:
6391:
6387:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6374:
6373:
6372:(see details)
6368:
6357:
6356:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6336:
6335:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6315:
6314:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6304:
6303:(see details)
6300:
6289:
6288:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6277:(see details)
6274:
6263:
6262:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6242:
6241:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6221:
6220:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6200:
6199:
6196:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6176:
6175:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6155:
6154:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6134:
6133:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6113:
6112:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6092:
6091:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6071:
6070:
6066:
6063:
6059:
6057:
6046:
6045:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6025:
6024:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6004:
6003:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5983:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5962:
5961:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5941:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5920:
5919:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5899:
5898:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5878:
5877:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5857:
5856:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5836:
5835:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5815:
5814:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5794:
5793:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5773:
5772:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5752:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5731:
5730:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5710:
5709:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5689:
5688:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5668:
5667:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5656:(see details)
5653:
5642:
5641:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5621:
5620:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5600:
5599:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5579:
5578:
5574:
5571:
5567:
5565:
5554:
5553:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5533:
5532:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5512:
5511:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5491:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5470:
5469:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5449:
5448:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5438:Guinea-Bissau
5428:
5427:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5407:
5406:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5386:
5385:
5381:
5378:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5370:(see details)
5367:
5356:
5355:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5319:(see details)
5316:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5293:(see details)
5290:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5258:
5257:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5237:
5236:
5232:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5221:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5202:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5194:(see details)
5191:
5180:
5179:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5159:
5158:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5117:
5116:
5112:
5109:
5105:
5103:
5092:
5091:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5071:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5050:
5049:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5029:
5028:
5024:
5021:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5013:(see details)
5010:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4978:
4977:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4936:
4935:
4931:
4928:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4920:(see details)
4917:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4856:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4848:(see details)
4845:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4813:
4812:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4781:Côte d'Ivoire
4771:
4770:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4700:
4696:
4694:
4683:
4682:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4591:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4583:(see details)
4580:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4485:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4435:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4427:(see details)
4424:
4413:
4412:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4392:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4329:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4210:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4128:
4124:
4122:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4099:(see details)
4096:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4052:(see details)
4049:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4009:
4007:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3926:Conscription
3925:
3921:
3914:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3889:
3887:
3886:civil defense
3883:
3879:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3855:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3837:In 2018, the
3835:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3823:Judicial Yuan
3820:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3796:Fifth Circuit
3793:
3789:
3785:
3780:
3779:Supreme Court
3776:
3772:
3768:
3765:violates the
3764:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3753:United States
3749:
3747:
3743:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3709:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3608:
3603:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3538:William James
3534:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3477:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3462:According to
3460:
3458:
3454:
3444:
3441:
3438:the power to
3437:
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3423:
3422:Supreme Court
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3173:Krümpersystem
3168:
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3155:
3154:Prussian Army
3150:
3147:
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3141:
3135:
3131:
3127:
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3112:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3088:
3086:
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3081:Moulay Ismail
3076:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3065:Burgi dynasty
3062:
3058:
3054:
3053:Bahri dynasty
3050:
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2850:akubu takumai
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2829:money lenders
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2785:Ine of Wessex
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2601:civil defence
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2597:rescue duties
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2590:border guards
2587:
2584:service like
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2582:domestic-only
2579:
2574:
2573:
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2535:reserve force
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2289:Show of force
2287:
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2277:Peacebuilding
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2133:Air supremacy
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2101:
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2073:Islamic rules
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2053:Court-martial
2051:
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2019:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
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2000:
1995:
1994:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
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1967:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1955:
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1952:Arms industry
1950:
1949:
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1945:
1943:
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1938:
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1926:
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1918:
1914:
1911:
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1569:Broken-backed
1567:
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1411:Expeditionary
1409:
1407:
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1400:
1397:
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1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1282:Counterattack
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
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1268:
1265:
1261:
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1238:
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1226:
1225:
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1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1207:Psychological
1205:
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1190:
1188:
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1183:
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1169:
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1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1143:Combined arms
1141:
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1136:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
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1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
982:Fortification
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
968:
965:
964:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
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933:
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917:
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831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
803:
800:
798:
797:Landing craft
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
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762:
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743:
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722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
691:
687:
683:
682:Standing army
680:
678:
675:
673:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
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631:
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621:
619:
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615:
612:
607:
606:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
587:
584:
580:
577:
575:
574:pike and shot
572:
571:
570:
567:
563:
560:
559:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
544:
541:
536:
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531:
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502:
492:
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472:
470:
469:
463:
460:
459:
457:
456:
452:
451:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
434:United States
432:
430:
427:
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422:
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417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
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402:
400:
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168:
162:
159:
157:
154:
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149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
131:Draft evasion
129:
127:
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122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
98:
96:
95:
91:
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86:
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76:
75:
72:
69:
68:
32:
26:
22:
16266:Conscription
16250:Conscription
16237:conscription
16236:
16204:
16190:
16164:
16158:
16131:
16122:
16108:cite journal
16073:
16067:
16055:18#4 (2020)
16052:
16042:. Retrieved
16038:the original
16017:
16013:
16001:
15993:Conscription
15992:
15970:
15944:
15938:
15915:
15905:
15888:
15876:
15869:
15842:February 24,
15840:. Retrieved
15834:
15824:
15815:
15806:
15794:. Retrieved
15789:
15779:
15764:
15752:. Retrieved
15748:
15739:
15731:
15726:
15718:
15713:
15705:
15700:
15688:. Retrieved
15684:
15679:Lee, Yimou.
15674:
15662:. Retrieved
15658:the original
15644:
15617:
15611:(in Serbian)
15605:
15597:
15586:. Retrieved
15581:
15571:
15560:. Retrieved
15556:the original
15551:
15542:
15531:. Retrieved
15527:the original
15522:
15513:
15502:. Retrieved
15498:the original
15493:
15484:
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15467:
15458:
15447:. Retrieved
15436:
15427:
15416:. Retrieved
15412:the original
15402:
15391:. Retrieved
15378:
15369:
15360:
15348:. Retrieved
15334:
15322:. Retrieved
15318:
15308:
15296:. Retrieved
15292:the original
15268:. Retrieved
15264:the original
15254:
15245:
15236:
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15208:
15197:. Retrieved
15193:the original
15183:
15172:. Retrieved
15170:(in Persian)
15167:
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15146:. Retrieved
15141:
15132:
15121:. Retrieved
15119:(in Persian)
15116:
15106:
15095:. Retrieved
15093:(in Persian)
15090:
15081:
15070:. Retrieved
15066:the original
15056:
15045:. Retrieved
15043:(in Persian)
15040:
15031:
15020:. Retrieved
15018:(in Persian)
15015:
15006:
14995:. Retrieved
14990:
14981:
14956:. Retrieved
14946:
14935:. Retrieved
14931:the original
14921:
14910:. Retrieved
14905:
14896:
14876:
14870:
14859:. Retrieved
14857:(in Persian)
14854:
14829:. Retrieved
14822:the original
14809:
14795:
14789:(in Finnish)
14776:
14770:
14764:(in Finnish)
14751:
14745:
14739:(in Finnish)
14726:
14720:
14714:(in Finnish)
14709:
14694:
14675:
14661:
14652:
14643:
14634:
14625:
14616:
14607:
14596:. Retrieved
14594:. 2019-09-25
14591:
14582:
14570:. Retrieved
14563:
14554:
14543:. Retrieved
14538:
14529:
14517:. Retrieved
14513:the original
14503:
14493:19 September
14491:. Retrieved
14487:the original
14476:
14465:. Retrieved
14460:
14450:
14439:. Retrieved
14434:
14425:
14414:. Retrieved
14410:
14401:
14390:. Retrieved
14386:the original
14381:
14372:
14361:. Retrieved
14357:the original
14352:
14343:
14331:. Retrieved
14326:
14317:
14306:. Retrieved
14302:the original
14297:Forsvaret.dk
14295:
14286:
14275:. Retrieved
14271:the original
14266:
14257:
14246:. Retrieved
14242:the original
14237:
14228:
14217:. Retrieved
14213:the original
14208:
14199:
14188:. Retrieved
14184:
14181:"Værnepligt"
14161:. Retrieved
14157:
14148:
14139:
14127:
14119:
14112:. Retrieved
14108:the original
14103:
14094:
14082:. Retrieved
14078:the original
14073:
14064:
14024:
14020:
14007:
13972:
13966:
13958:NetEase News
13957:
13948:
13939:
13930:
13919:. Retrieved
13915:the original
13910:
13900:
13892:the original
13887:
13878:
13866:. Retrieved
13856:
13844:. Retrieved
13839:
13829:
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13792:
13783:
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13759:
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13716:. Retrieved
13712:
13702:
13691:. Retrieved
13684:the original
13671:
13660:. Retrieved
13656:
13647:
13635:. Retrieved
13621:
13613:GulfNews.com
13612:
13602:
13593:
13584:
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13566:
13555:. Retrieved
13550:
13541:
13530:. Retrieved
13520:
13508:. Retrieved
13504:the original
13500:Focus Taiwan
13499:
13490:
13478:. Retrieved
13474:the original
13469:
13460:
13441:
13430:. Retrieved
13426:the original
13421:
13412:
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13377:
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13362:the original
13357:
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13333:the original
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13319:
13308:. Retrieved
13303:
13294:
13280:
13269:. Retrieved
13265:
13256:
13247:
13238:
13227:. Retrieved
13223:the original
13218:
13208:
13197:. Retrieved
13188:
13177:armed forces
13167:
13155:. Retrieved
13150:
13140:
13130:
13116:
13107:
13100:. Retrieved
13096:the original
13082:
13069:
13060:
13051:
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13033:
13022:. Retrieved
13012:
13001:. Retrieved
12997:the original
12985:
12974:. Retrieved
12972:. 2024-02-10
12964:
12953:. Retrieved
12943:
12931:. Retrieved
12927:the original
12923:Geographical
12912:
12901:. Retrieved
12898:www.legis.md
12897:
12888:
12876:. Retrieved
12872:
12863:
12851:. Retrieved
12846:
12837:
12826:. Retrieved
12822:the original
12812:
12798:
12783:. Retrieved
12773:
12764:
12753:. Retrieved
12749:
12740:
12729:. Retrieved
12725:
12716:
12704:. Retrieved
12700:
12690:
12680:, retrieved
12675:
12666:
12655:. Retrieved
12651:
12642:
12630:. Retrieved
12626:the original
12621:
12611:
12602:
12592:
12580:. Retrieved
12575:
12566:
12557:
12548:
12537:. Retrieved
12534:www.cidh.org
12533:
12524:
12513:. Retrieved
12509:
12500:
12491:
12482:
12471:. Retrieved
12467:
12458:
12449:
12440:
12429:. Retrieved
12424:
12414:
12408:(in Danish).
12400:
12394:(in Danish).
12386:
12374:. Retrieved
12357:
12346:. Retrieved
12341:
12332:
12323:
12320:"中国服兵役是强制的吗"
12314:
12305:
12285:the original
12262:
12256:
12247:
12235:. Retrieved
12225:
12213:. Retrieved
12208:
12198:
12189:
12180:
12168:
12157:. Retrieved
12152:
12125:
12111:
12100:. Retrieved
12096:the original
12068:. Retrieved
12058:
12044:
12033:. Retrieved
12029:the original
12018:
12007:. Retrieved
12003:
11994:
11982:. Retrieved
11971:
11945:
11936:
11925:. Retrieved
11923:(in Swedish)
11920:
11911:
11900:. Retrieved
11898:(in Swedish)
11895:
11886:
11875:. Retrieved
11865:
11854:. Retrieved
11850:the original
11831:
11820:
11809:
11795:
11781:
11770:. Retrieved
11766:the original
11761:
11752:
11740:. Retrieved
11734:
11724:
11714:February 23,
11712:. Retrieved
11706:
11696:
11686:February 24,
11684:. Retrieved
11678:
11668:
11656:. Retrieved
11646:
11621:
11617:
11611:
11600:. Retrieved
11596:the original
11591:
11582:
11558:
11551:
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11536:the original
11531:
11504:
11497:
11465:
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11438:
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11417:. Retrieved
11413:the original
11408:
11398:
11387:. Retrieved
11385:(in Finnish)
11382:
11373:
11365:
11357:
11345:. Retrieved
11341:
11302:
11298:
11234:
11225:
11213:. Retrieved
11179:
11176:"Mozambique"
11170:
11151:
11142:
11123:
11114:
11102:. Retrieved
11095:the original
11069:the original
11064:
11026:
11019:
10995:
10988:
10965:10261/113437
10951:(4): 57–93.
10948:
10944:
10931:
10912:
10906:
10895:. Retrieved
10891:
10882:
10864:
10850:
10841:
10831:
10820:. Retrieved
10816:the original
10805:
10780:
10776:
10770:
10751:
10745:
10729:
10717:
10705:. Retrieved
10701:
10688:
10679:
10666:
10653:
10645:
10640:
10628:. Retrieved
10624:
10615:
10599:
10590:
10581:
10570:. Retrieved
10566:
10557:
10546:. Retrieved
10542:
10532:
10521:. Retrieved
10518:www.admin.ch
10517:
10508:
10496:. Retrieved
10477:
10470:
10444:. Retrieved
10425:
10418:
10398:
10396:True, Jacqui
10386:
10369:. Volume 1.
10366:
10357:
10345:. Retrieved
10340:
10331:
10322:
10316:
10307:
10301:
10292:
10286:
10277:
10271:
10262:
10256:
10244:. Retrieved
10240:
10230:
10218:. Retrieved
10215:ABC7 Chicago
10214:
10204:
10192:. Retrieved
10180:
10171:
10160:
10151:
10140:. Retrieved
10128:
10118:
10107:. Retrieved
10095:
10085:
10073:. Retrieved
10054:
10029:. Retrieved
10020:The Atlantic
10018:
10008:
9987:
9975:
9954:
9942:
9930:. Retrieved
9925:
9921:
9911:
9902:
9883:
9876:
9856:
9849:
9825:
9821:
9815:
9807:the original
9800:
9791:
9782:
9773:
9750:
9742:
9727:
9720:
9709:. Retrieved
9705:the original
9695:
9687:the original
9677:
9669:
9664:
9656:the original
9651:
9642:
9631:. Retrieved
9627:the original
9616:
9605:. Retrieved
9601:the original
9596:
9587:
9576:
9567:
9559:the original
9554:
9544:
9533:. Retrieved
9529:the original
9518:
9499:
9493:
9485:
9480:
9460:
9453:
9431:(1): 21–25.
9428:
9424:
9414:
9405:
9396:
9387:
9377:17 September
9375:. Retrieved
9365:
9341:
9334:
9310:
9303:
9270:
9266:
9246:
9237:
9228:
9219:
9210:
9201:
9181:Quota System
8988:
8986:
8965:Jimmy Carter
8947:
8929:
8925:British Army
8900:
8892:World War II
8889:
8874:
8859:Tsai Ing-wen
8853:
8838:
8824:
8778:
8769:South Africa
8760:
8745:
8695:
8673:
8646:
8644:
8629:
8625:
8604:dienstplicht
8597:
8576:
8567:
8552:Please help
8540:
8510:
8502:
8493:
8475:
8463:
8460:
8456:Sherut Leumi
8432:
8425:
8406:Ali Khamenei
8399:
8383:Iranian army
8372:
8352:
8348:
8340:
8328:
8294:
8286:
8223:
8197:
8180:
8171:
8144:
8113:police force
8105:border guard
8094:
8090:
8078:ajateenistus
8077:
8075:
8021:
8017:
8012:
8010:
8002:
7991:
7944:
7911:
7896:
7871:
7863:
7845:
7825:
7813:
7789:
7623:
7593:
7498:Turkmenistan
7475:
7346:
7218:
7060:
7036:South Africa
6929:Sierra Leone
6885:
6840:Saudi Arabia
6771:
6706:
6657:
6371:
6302:
6275:
6194:
5655:
5569:
5369:
5318:
5292:
5225:
5193:
5012:
4919:
4847:
4581:
4495:Burkina Faso
4426:
4098:
4050:
3890:
3875:
3836:
3816:
3799:
3791:
3756:
3750:
3739:
3723:World War II
3719:armed forces
3715:Soviet Union
3712:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3674:
3664:
3633:
3613:
3590:
3582:
3535:
3512:
3461:
3450:
3432:Constitution
3425:
3414:Emma Goldman
3411:
3371:
3334:
3327:
3297:
3267:
3259:Nazi Germany
3240:Nazi Germany
3237:
3233:mobilization
3222:
3201:
3190:
3151:
3140:Grande Armée
3115:
3106:
3097:Remplacement
3077:
3046:
3006:
2990:
2985:
2973:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2913:
2907:
2890:
2858:munabechisen
2857:
2849:
2841:
2821:feudal Japan
2818:
2804:
2802:
2796:
2789:
2778:
2772:
2763:
2755:
2747:
2739:
2731:
2723:
2715:
2710:In medieval
2709:
2675:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2635:
2605:
2593:
2581:
2539:
2503:Conscription
2502:
2501:
2402:Fifth column
2382:War resister
2377:Women in war
2272:Peacekeeping
2217:Arms control
2162:
1851:Mobilization
1846:Conscription
1845:
1804:Intelligence
1757:Organization
1403:
1332:Encirclement
1212:Radiological
1148:Conventional
1002:Subterranean
909:Development:
908:
885:
847:
809:
772:Naval units:
771:
764:Signal corps
731:
709:Intelligence
694:Specialties:
693:
618:Organization
569:Early modern
394:South Africa
189:Soviet Union
161:War resister
71:Conscription
70:
16276:Citizenship
15690:28 December
15298:26 December
14463:(in Danish)
14437:(in Danish)
14205:"Forsvaret"
14114:17 February
14104:army.gov.cy
13510:14 December
13102:28 February
12933:22 November
12616:ChartsBin.
12603:wri-irg.org
12510:www.cia.gov
12506:"Instagram"
11984:4 September
11658:26 December
10567:www.usa.gov
9760:; see also
8961:Gerald Ford
8881:World War I
8796:South Korea
8614:'s brother
8608:Netherlands
8522:Netherlands
8476:A few male
8329:Since 1914
8099:except the
8056:foreign aid
7367:Timor-Leste
7275:available).
7229:available)
7221:Switzerland
7204:available)
7087:South Sudan
7057:South Korea
6781:available)
6654:Philippines
6486:North Korea
6402:New Zealand
6367:Netherlands
5379:available)
5203:available)
5110:available)
5039:El Salvador
5022:available)
4929:available)
4857:available)
4129:available)
3943:Afghanistan
3839:Netherlands
3832:transsexual
3777:(SSS). The
3742:Nurse Corps
3735:NBC defense
3652:North Korea
3550:Mickey Kaus
3440:declare war
3382:impressment
3350:Switzerland
3338:Zivildienst
3268:During the
3217:World War I
3162:Scharnhorst
3085:Black Guard
3026:Middle Ages
3009:Middle Ages
2998:Circassians
2970:Janissaries
2923:al-Mu'tasim
2897:Middle East
2886:janissaries
2837:overlordism
2768:Old English
2712:Scandinavia
2695:arrière-ban
2640:(1791–1750
2572:Zivildienst
2531:active duty
2509:, mainly a
2387:War studies
2210:Non-warfare
2138:Appeasement
2103:Martial law
1942:War economy
1881:Transgender
1834:Recruitment
1594:Containment
1479:Culminating
1387:Operational
1307:Envelopment
1250:Air assault
1131:Air cavalry
1091:Air defence
1071:Information
972:Cold-region
937:Battlespace
886:Historical:
732:Land units:
658:Space force
653:Coast guard
586:Late modern
547:Prehistoric
409:Switzerland
349:New Zealand
324:South Korea
319:North Korea
136:Impressment
16260:Categories
16044:2009-07-10
15898:B000GY5QW2
15754:15 October
15588:2018-08-22
15562:2018-08-22
15533:2018-08-22
15504:2018-08-22
15449:2013-06-15
15418:2007-07-16
15393:2015-11-24
15370:lovdata.no
15324:15 October
15270:2024-02-06
15199:2023-03-16
15174:2023-03-16
15148:2023-03-16
15123:2023-03-16
15117:رادیو فردا
15097:2023-03-16
15072:2023-03-16
15047:2023-03-16
15022:2023-03-16
14997:2023-03-16
14958:2023-03-16
14937:2023-03-16
14912:2023-03-16
14861:2023-03-16
14831:2012-04-10
14598:2022-10-20
14545:2022-10-20
14519:13 October
14467:2020-05-02
14441:2016-11-22
14416:2016-02-18
14392:2016-02-18
14363:2016-11-22
14333:15 October
14308:2016-02-18
14277:2016-02-18
14248:2016-02-18
14219:2016-02-18
14190:2016-02-18
14163:2016-02-18
14140:Parliament
14084:17 January
13921:2018-10-12
13718:2021-08-14
13693:2009-11-01
13662:2022-11-18
13557:2024-01-07
13532:2022-10-11
13432:2017-03-09
13368:2011-03-13
13339:2009-10-13
13310:2019-05-04
13271:2024-08-27
13229:2012-07-13
13199:2009-02-11
13191:. London.
13157:29 January
13153:(in Czech)
13024:2007-08-12
13003:2009-07-27
12976:2024-02-11
12955:2022-01-13
12903:2024-08-20
12878:15 October
12853:15 October
12828:2020-01-18
12785:2008-05-30
12755:2024-01-07
12731:2023-04-12
12726:eng.lsm.lv
12682:2023-06-14
12657:2023-05-13
12632:15 October
12539:2024-07-25
12515:2024-07-25
12473:2024-07-08
12431:2024-03-13
12348:2008-05-30
12159:2016-07-19
12102:2024-08-20
12070:2022-10-14
12035:2007-08-10
12009:2023-10-15
11927:2022-02-24
11902:2022-02-24
11877:2008-05-15
11856:2012-05-07
11772:2008-01-28
11602:2008-08-12
11542:2009-06-07
11459:Dokumenter
11445:2024-03-13
11419:2021-04-12
11389:2021-04-12
11347:15 October
11104:2008-06-07
10897:2021-09-30
10822:2008-10-17
10783:(2): 195.
10630:15 October
10572:2020-06-13
10548:2020-06-13
10523:2020-06-13
10405:. p. 113.
10373:. p. 108.
10246:22 January
10220:28 October
10194:28 October
10142:2020-08-05
10109:2020-06-13
9966:0865710163
9711:2008-03-24
9633:2008-03-24
9607:2008-03-24
9535:2008-03-24
9193:References
8921:Royal Navy
8702:conscripts
8618:, who was
8499:Luxembourg
8470:Circassian
8297:March 2017
8261:Bundeswehr
8234:Bundeswehr
8208:Lapinjärvi
8202:or in the
7994:Viking Age
7897:Universal
7891:terracotta
7798:Bundesheer
7667:Uzbekistan
7295:Tajikistan
6908:Seychelles
6273:Mozambique
6231:Montenegro
6144:Mauritania
6014:Madagascar
5993:Luxembourg
5825:Kyrgyzstan
5762:Kazakhstan
4609:Cape Verde
4209:Bangladesh
4146:Azerbaijan
3907:By country
3733:course in
3644:Mozambique
3600:See also:
3579:War effort
3523:Roman Army
3398:patriotism
3330:patriarchy
3246:Volkssturm
3242:termed it
3225:World Wars
3207:World Wars
3095:See also:
3047:From 1250
2705:bailiwicks
2676:Under the
2608:volunteers
2594:non-combat
2447:War crimes
2437:Operations
2344:Foot drill
2314:Battle cry
2227:deterrence
1886:Harassment
1861:Specialism
1684:Technology
1679:Succession
1624:Liberation
1559:Asymmetric
1494:Empty fort
1405:Blitzkrieg
1374:Withdrawal
1337:Investment
1116:Camouflage
1111:Biological
1049:Underwater
1024:Amphibious
943:Aerospace
810:Air units:
787:Submarines
596:fourth-gen
591:industrial
579:napoleonic
369:Mozambique
219:Azerbaijan
85:press gang
16181:145286033
16150:870660174
16034:145254127
15961:144169554
15836:USA Today
15350:6 January
15142:خبرآنلاین
14991:خبرآنلاین
14906:خبرآنلاین
14509:"Eritrea"
14483:"Eritrea"
14267:Forsvaret
14238:Forsvaret
14049:157301069
14041:1470-2436
13999:198621467
13576:TRT Haber
13553:(in Thai)
12847:bbc.co.uk
12770:"Lebanon"
12706:12 August
12701:Gulf News
12376:2 January
12066:. Radio 2
11980:. SETimes
11680:USA Today
11409:finlex.fi
11321:0961-2025
11120:"Eritrea"
10789:0047-2697
10543:USA Today
10498:April 25,
10456:cite book
10446:April 25,
10241:USA Today
10189:0190-8286
10137:0362-4331
10104:0362-4331
10075:April 26,
10031:April 26,
9445:0108-8416
9287:0022-0027
8958:President
8834:värnplikt
8781:apartheid
8758:instead.
8712:revealed
8606:) in the
8541:does not
8484:Lithuania
8468:and male
8101:air force
8025:desertion
7962:from the
7960:exit visa
7688:Venezuela
7129:Sri Lanka
6950:Singapore
6423:Nicaragua
5972:Lithuania
5564:Indonesia
5396:Guatemala
5326:peacetime
4095:Australia
4048:Argentina
3575:Total war
3527:Aristotle
3303:feminists
3002:Mahmud II
2918:) by the
2756:expeditio
2728:Norwegian
2720:Old Norse
2638:Hammurabi
2515:antiquity
2334:War novel
2237:Grey-zone
2197:War games
2158:Overmatch
2108:War crime
2058:Desertion
2048:Ceasefire
2043:Armistice
1930:Logistics
1908:Mercenary
1896:Volunteer
1827:Personnel
1799:Engineers
1744:Sociology
1699:World war
1694:Total war
1674:Strategic
1664:Religious
1649:Political
1644:Perpetual
1619:Irregular
1534:Offensive
1509:Defensive
1504:Deception
1464:Attrition
1317:Guerrilla
1312:Formation
1255:Airbridge
1187:Loitering
1101:Artillery
754:Artillery
704:Engineers
672:Irregular
643:Air force
399:Sri Lanka
389:Singapore
334:Lithuania
263:reduction
214:Australia
209:Argentina
16100:20842210
15947:: 7–36.
15909:in JSTOR
15886:(1940).
15796:28 March
15664:29 March
15607:Politika
15443:Archived
15344:Archived
14967:cite web
14782:Archived
14757:Archived
14732:Archived
14702:Archived
14683:Archived
14053:Archived
13815:cite web
13594:BBC News
13551:Thai PBS
13480:July 25,
13450:Archived
13404:Archived
13193:Archived
12672:"Jordan"
12425:ABC News
11708:The Hill
11439:ABC News
11383:intti.fi
11269:Archived
11148:"Israel"
10977:Archived
10973:55247633
10842:Newsweek
10797:45294067
10696:(1967).
10605:Ron Paul
10371:Springer
10347:28 March
10280:(13): 7.
10162:ABC News
10025:Archived
9932:28 March
9834:citation
9802:CBC News
9113:See also
8728:and the
8612:Napoleon
8570:May 2015
8335:military
8252:Cold War
7848:Cambodia
7842:Cambodia
7827:Bulgaria
7822:Bulgaria
7772:Zimbabwe
7337:Thailand
7316:Tanzania
7175:Suriname
7156:Sudanese
6994:Slovenia
6973:Slovakia
6701:Portugal
6612:Paraguay
6570:Pakistan
6210:Mongolia
6081:Maldives
6056:Malaysia
5501:Honduras
5148:Ethiopia
5127:Eswatini
4946:Djibouti
4718:Colombia
4558:Cameroon
4537:Cambodia
4474:Bulgaria
4402:Botswana
4234:Barbados
3923:Country
3897:pacifist
3847:Portugal
3701:Sudanese
3558:Iraq War
3447:Economic
3436:Congress
3402:Ayn Rand
3390:Ron Paul
3274:Red Army
3130:Republic
3069:Crusader
3061:Caucasus
3020:and the
2986:Kapıkulu
2974:Kapıkulu
2957:devşirme
2951:Kapıkulu
2933:and the
2884:Ottoman
2833:Ōnin War
2748:lichting
2716:leiðangr
2700:Bailiffs
2690:noblemen
2682:peasants
2556:outside
2527:European
2523:military
2349:War song
2324:War film
1957:Materiel
1876:Children
1856:Training
1794:Medicine
1779:Doctrine
1734:Training
1669:Resource
1654:Princely
1604:Economic
1589:Conquest
1584:Colonial
1579:Cold war
1564:Blockade
1449:Strategy
1421:Maneuver
1182:Infantry
1138:Chemical
992:Mountain
952:Airborne
815:Fighters
782:Warships
737:Infantry
663:Reserves
611:Military
16091:2937255
15685:Reuters
15474:26 July
15438:Reuters
13868:19 July
13846:19 July
13525:三立新聞網.
13077:(FWCC)
12599:"Italy"
12582:28 July
12237:15 July
12215:14 July
11742:June 7,
11638:4580476
11265:AP News
11215:26 July
11032:108–109
10621:"Draft"
10265:(8): 2.
9652:Encarta
9295:9019768
8980:of the
8885:Ireland
8830:Swedish
8562:removed
8547:sources
8512:Moldova
8507:Moldova
8478:Bedouin
8449:Yeshiva
8319:Evzones
8287:updated
8214:Germany
8159:Swedish
8151:Finnish
8123:Finland
8111:of the
8072:Estonia
8052:Eritrea
8031:Eritrea
7970:Denmark
7815:Belgium
7810:Belgium
7786:Austria
7709:Vietnam
7646:Uruguay
7540:Ukraine
7451:Tunisia
7347:Ror Dor
7015:Somalia
6861:Senegal
6747:Romania
6465:Nigeria
6379:Curaçao
6325:Namibia
6299:Myanmar
6252:Morocco
6186:Moldova
5930:Liberia
5909:Lesotho
5888:Lebanon
5699:Jamaica
5631:Ireland
5522:Hungary
5315:Germany
5289:Georgia
5190:Finland
5102:Estonia
5081:Eritrea
4988:Ecuador
4916:Denmark
4802:Croatia
4739:Comoros
4516:Burundi
4360:Bolivia
4276:Belgium
4255:Belarus
4188:Bahrain
4167:Bahamas
4121:Austria
4074:Armenia
3985:Algeria
3964:Albania
3800:Rostker
3792:Rostker
3786:of the
3769:of the
3713:In the
3706:In the
3695:Denmark
3689:Finland
3656:Myanmar
3636:Eritrea
3407:statism
3368:of 1863
3346:Germany
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3317:the US
3197:serfdom
3191:In the
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2644:), the
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2302:Culture
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1999:Science
1984:Outpost
1937:History
1917:Warrior
1913:Soldier
1901:foreign
1839:counter
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1629:Limited
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1524:Nuclear
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1192:Missile
1121:Cavalry
1106:Barrage
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825:Command
820:Bombers
777:Frogman
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719:Medical
686:Militia
668:Regular
648:Marines
562:castles
552:Ancient
540:History
519:outline
462:Ireland
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439:Ukraine
339:Myanmar
299:Germany
294:Georgia
284:Finland
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15872:(1955)
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8844:Taiwan
8826:Sweden
8807:Sweden
8748:Serbia
8736:Serbia
8724:, the
8704:, the
8686:Russia
8669:equity
8651:Norway
8635:Norway
8428:Israel
8416:Israel
8354:Greece
8344:Cyprus
8331:Greece
8268:Greece
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3658:, and
3648:Norway
3640:Israel
3629:Europe
3619:and a
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3307:sexist
3288:Sexism
3272:, the
3264:, 1941
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2126:Theory
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1719:Branch
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419:Turkey
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379:Russia
364:Monaco
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289:France
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234:Canada
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16030:S2CID
15957:S2CID
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14017:(PDF)
13995:S2CID
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13680:(PDF)
13637:4 May
12306:Times
11564:33–34
11098:(PDF)
11091:(PDF)
10980:(PDF)
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10941:(PDF)
10793:JSTOR
10676:(PDF)
9824:[
9291:S2CID
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8466:Druze
8464:Male
8442:Druze
8188:Åland
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7881:China
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7674:Male
7576:Male
7569:Yes (
7551:Male
7505:Male
7484:Male
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7353:Male
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7271:Yes (
7253:Male
7246:Syria
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7154:Yes.
7150:Sudan
7108:Spain
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6619:Male
6444:Niger
6383:Aruba
6346:Nepal
6217:Male
6193:Male
6172:Male
6123:Malta
5979:Male
5958:Male
5951:Libya
5874:Male
5853:Male
5832:Male
5811:Male
5783:Kenya
5769:Male
5748:Male
5720:Japan
5678:Italy
5596:Male
5543:India
5480:Haiti
5424:Male
5403:Male
5382:Male
5375:Yes (
5345:Ghana
5301:Male
5247:Gabon
5206:Male
5199:Yes (
5113:Male
5106:Yes (
5067:Male
5025:Male
5018:Yes (
5009:Egypt
4925:Yes (
4860:Male
4853:Yes (
4760:Congo
4725:Male
4693:China
4679:Male
4672:Chile
4658:Male
4544:Male
4439:Male
4318:Benin
4262:Male
4153:Male
4132:Male
4125:Yes (
4081:Male
4013:Male
3992:Male
3372:Many
3049:Egypt
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2752:Dutch
2650:Ilkum
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1039:Green
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699:Staff
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16209:ISBN
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16136:ISBN
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16096:PMID
15976:ISBN
15920:ISBN
15894:ASIN
15844:2019
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15756:2016
15692:2022
15666:2017
15476:2024
15352:2021
15326:2016
15300:2014
14973:link
14882:ISBN
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14521:2006
14495:2006
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14116:2021
14086:2022
14037:ISSN
13985:ISBN
13870:2024
13848:2024
13821:link
13639:2023
13512:2016
13482:2008
13179:.",
13159:2024
13104:2016
12935:2018
12880:2016
12855:2016
12708:2015
12634:2016
12584:2021
12378:2013
12369:and
12239:2024
12217:2024
11986:2010
11744:2021
11736:CNBC
11716:2021
11688:2019
11660:2006
11634:PMID
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11568:ISBN
11514:ISBN
11349:2016
11317:ISSN
11217:2024
11036:ISBN
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10917:ISBN
10892:Time
10785:ISSN
10756:ISBN
10709:2008
10632:2016
10500:2015
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10435:ISBN
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10375:ISBN
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10248:2022
10222:2021
10196:2021
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10133:ISSN
10100:ISSN
10077:2015
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9934:2016
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9379:2012
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8660:NATO
8545:any
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8375:Iran
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7924:Cuba
7836:GERB
7779:N/A
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7713:Yes
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7632:N/A
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7502:Yes
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6687:N/A
6666:N/A
6640:N/A
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