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Portuguese language

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3658: 2325: 2876: 8426:"In the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, and more specifically between the west and north Atlantic coasts and an imaginary line running north-south and linking Oviedo and Merida, there is a corpus of Latin inscriptions with particular characteristics of its own. This corpus contains some linguistic features that are clearly Celtic and others that in our opinion are not Celtic. The former we shall group, for the moment, under the label northwestern Hispano-Celtic. The latter are the same features found in well-documented contemporary inscriptions in the region occupied by the Lusitanians, and therefore belonging to the variety known as LUSITANIAN, or more broadly as GALLO-LUSITANIAN. As we have already said, we do not consider this variety to belong to the Celtic language family." Jordán Colera 2007: p.750 5557:". As reported by UNESCO, due to the pressure of Spanish on the standard official version of Galician and centuries-old Hispanization, the Galician language was on the verge of disappearing. According to the UNESCO philologist Tapani Salminen, the proximity to Portuguese protects Galician. The core vocabulary and grammar of Galician are noticeably closer to Portuguese than to those of Spanish and within the EU context, Galician is often considered the same language as Portuguese. Galician like Portuguese, uses the future subjunctive, the personal infinitive, and the synthetic pluperfect. Mutual intelligibility estimated at 85% is excellent between Galicians and Portuguese. Despite political efforts in Spain to define them as separate languages, many linguists consider 2655: 6398: 1211: 3977: 1789: 4906: 2725: 6343: 4521: 1344: 593: 5706:, (1536), where he remarks that the people of Portuguese regions of Beira, Alentejo, Estremadura, and Entre Douro e Minho, all speak differently from each other. Also Contador d'Argote (1725) distinguishes three main varieties of dialects: the local dialects, the dialects of time, and of profession (work jargon). Of local dialects he highlights five main dialects: the dialect of Estremadura, of Entre-Douro e Minho, of Beira, of Algarve and of Trás-os-Montes. He also makes reference to the overseas dialects, the rustic dialects, the poetic dialect and that of prose. 5306: 1870:, estimated at 10 million people (including 4.5 million Portuguese, 3 million Brazilians, although it is hard to obtain official accurate numbers of diasporic Portuguese speakers because a significant portion of these citizens are naturalized citizens born outside of Lusophone territory or are children of immigrants, and may have only a basic command of the language. Additionally, a large part of the diaspora is a part of the already-counted population of the Portuguese-speaking countries and territories, such as the high number of Brazilian and 2189: 11848: 10137: 10111: 10085: 10057: 10031: 10005: 7817: 2485:, in central Portugal. Standard European Portuguese is also the preferred standard by the Portuguese-speaking African countries. As such, and despite the fact that its speakers are dispersed around the world, Portuguese has only two dialects used for learning: the European and the Brazilian. Some aspects and sounds found in many dialects of Brazil are exclusive to South America, and cannot be found in Europe. The same occur with the Santomean, Mozambican, Bissau-Guinean, Angolan and Cape Verdean dialects, being exclusive to Africa. See 5318: 6327: 12590:"A proposta é que a sequencia consoante velar + glide posterior seja indicada no léxico como uma unidade monofonemática /kʷ/ e /ɡʷ/. O glide que, nete caso, situa-se no ataque não-ramificado, forma com a vogal seguinte um ditongo crescente em nível pós lexical. Ditongos crescentes somente se formam neste nível. Em resumo, a consoante velar e o glide posterior, quando seguidos de a/o, formam uma só unidade fonológica, ou seja, um segmento consonantal com articulação secundária vocálica, em outros termos, um segmento complexo." 2502: 973: 1661: 2898: 4513: 6106: 13464: 5731: 3890: 1629: 13447: 2123: 2510: 3835: 3806: 1757: 1693: 3948: 1565: 2090: 2024: 7692: 7678: 2057: 2288: 1597: 13379: 4006: 2647: 2255: 2156: 1991: 13481: 13430: 13413: 6160: 3770: 2222: 1533: 13498: 6366: 3919: 1725: 1501: 3864: 2308: 2275: 2242: 2209: 2176: 2143: 2077: 1776: 1744: 1712: 1680: 1648: 1584: 1552: 13396: 3988: 3959: 3930: 3901: 3846: 3817: 3781: 3243: 3106: 2708: 2687: 2670: 2626: 2613: 2596: 2579: 2562: 2537: 2520: 5470:) share considerable similarities in both vocabulary and grammar. Portuguese speakers will usually need some formal study before attaining strong comprehension in those Romance languages, and vice versa. However, Portuguese and Galician are fully mutually intelligible, and Spanish is considerably intelligible for lusophones, owing to their genealogical proximity and shared genealogical history as 2110: 2044: 2011: 1808: 1616: 1520: 3020: – is a dialect spoken more sharply in the states of Ceará and Piauí. The variant of Ceará includes fairly distinctive traits it shares with the one spoken in Piauí, though, such as distinctive regional phonology and vocabulary (for example, a debuccalization process stronger than that of Portuguese, a different system of the vowel harmony that spans Brazil from 3089: 8691:
iguais, como filius, "filho" ou adolescentes, "adolescentes". O português deriva do latim, porque os romanos dominaram a Península Ibérica e, por muitos séculos, o latim foi ali falado. Por isso, o português é conhecido como "a última flor do Lácio", ou seja, a última língua derivada do latim, a língua do Lácio, região onde estava Roma.
1317:, the language is still spoken by about 10,000 people. In 2014, an estimated 1,500 students were learning Portuguese in Goa. Approximately 2% of the people of Macau, China are fluent speakers of Portuguese. Additionally, the language is being very actively studied in the Chinese school system right up to the doctorate level. The 5519:
attempting an approximation to the target foreign language (known as 'Portuñol') without a learned acquisition process, but nevertheless facilitates communication. There is an emerging literature focused on such phenomena (including informal attempts of standardization of the linguistic continua and their usage).
7563:. In modern Spanish and Galician, it has almost entirely fallen into disuse. The future subjunctive appears in dependent clauses that denote a condition that must be fulfilled in the future so that the independent clause will occur. English normally employs the present tense under the same circumstances: 1877:
The Portuguese language therefore serves more than 250 million people daily, who have direct or indirect legal, juridical and social contact with it, varying from the only language used in any contact, to only education, contact with local or international administration, commerce and services or the
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was used to name the language before D. Dinis decided to call it "Portuguese language", the erudite version used and known as Galician-Portuguese (the language of the Portuguese court) and all other Portuguese dialects were spoken at the same time. In a historical perspective the Portuguese language
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A conclusão será que nos encontramos em presença de dois segmentos fonológicos /kʷ/ e /ɡʷ/, respetivamente, com uma articulação vocálica. Bisol (2005:122), tal como Freitas (1997), afirma que não estamos em presença de um ataque ramificado. Neste caso, a glide, juntamente com a vogal que a sucede,
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Dos romanos herdamos, também, nossa própria língua, pois o português nada mais é do que um latim modificado. A maioria das palavras do português deriva do latim, sendo, em alguns casos, exatamente as mesmas. Vamos a um exemplo, como é o caso de família, "família". Noutros casos, são palavras quase
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are native speakers of Portuguese, and 70% are fluent, according to the 2007 census. Portuguese is also spoken natively by 30% of the population in Guinea-Bissau, and a Portuguese-based creole is understood by all. Almost 50% of the East Timorese are fluent in Portuguese. No data is available for
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Portuguese is spoken by approximately 200 million people in South America, 30 million in Africa, 15 million in Europe, 5 million in North America and 0.33 million in Asia and Oceania. It is the native language of the vast majority of the people in Portugal, Brazil and São Tomé and Príncipe (95%).
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Portuguese and Spanish are the only Ibero-Romance languages, and perhaps the only Romance languages with such thriving inter-language forms, in which visible and lively bilingual contact dialects and code-switching have formed, in which functional bilingual communication is achieved through
1961:. In East Timor, the number of Portuguese speakers is quickly increasing as Portuguese and Brazilian teachers are making great strides in teaching Portuguese in the schools all over the island. Additionally, there are many large Portuguese-speaking immigrant communities all over the world. 11636: 11553: 2642:(this is a disputed denomination, as Coimbra and is not part of "Estremadura", and the Lisbon dialect has some peculiar features that are not only not shared with that of Coimbra, but also significantly distinct and recognizable to most native speakers from elsewhere in Portugal). 1930:. Also, according to Portugal's Minister of Foreign Affairs, the language will be part of the school curriculum of a total of 32 countries by 2020. In such countries, Portuguese is spoken either as a native language by vast majorities due to their Portuguese colonial past or as a 8383:
Benozzo, F. (2018): "Uma paisagem atlântica pré-histórica. Etnogénese e etno-filologia paleo-mesolítica das tradições galega e portuguesa", in proceedings of Jornadas das Letras Galego-Portugesas 2015–2017. Università de Bologna, DTS and Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa. pp.
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Por que gastar o seu latim nestes tempos descartáveis que vivemos? Uma resposta óbvia — pelo menos para aqueles que lidam diretamente com a língua portuguesa e lutam pela sua preservação — é que ela é conhecida como "a última flor do Lácio", ou seja, foi a última ramificação do
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in Asia and Africa, used not only for colonial administration and trade but also for communication between local officials and Europeans of all nationalities. The Portuguese expanded across South America, across Africa to the Pacific Ocean, taking their language with them.
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in bordering and multilingual regions, such as on the Brazilian borders of Uruguay and Paraguay and in regions of Angola and Namibia. In many other countries, Portuguese is spoken by majorities as a second language. There remain communities of thousands of Portuguese (or
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The diversity of dialects of the Portuguese language is known since the time of medieval Portuguese-Galician language when it coexisted with the Lusitanian-Mozarabic dialect, spoken in the south of Portugal. The dialectal diversity becomes more evident in the work of
10211: 6163: 3743:, in the innovative second person), the conjugation used in the Brazilian states of Pará, Santa Catarina and Maranhão being generally traditional second person, the kind that is used in other Portuguese-speaking countries and learned in Brazilian schools. 6261:. Although the process may have been slower than in other regions, after a period of bilingualism, the centuries of contact with Vulgar Latin completely extinguished the native languages, and a variety of Latin with a few Gallaecian features evolved. 988:
It is in Latin administrative documents of the 9th century that written Galician-Portuguese words and phrases are first recorded. This phase is known as Proto-Portuguese, which lasted from the 9th century until the 12th-century independence of the
8163: 10386: 1147:, the form of Latin during that time), which greatly enriched the lexicon. Most literate Portuguese speakers were also literate in Latin; and thus they easily adopted Latin words into their writing, and eventually speech, in Portuguese. 925:
dialects of the peninsula and over the next 300 years totally integrated into the local populations. Some Germanic words from that period are part of the Portuguese lexicon, together with place names, surnames, and first names. With the
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Audio samples of some dialects and accents of Portuguese are available below. There are some differences between the areas but these are the best approximations possible. IPA transcriptions refer to the names in local pronunciation.
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Audio samples of some dialects and accents of Portuguese are available below. There are some differences between the areas but these are the best approximations possible. IPA transcriptions refer to the names in local pronunciation.
11800: 1192:, Brazil, the city with the greatest number of Portuguese language speakers in the world. The museum is the first of its kind in the world. In 2015 the museum was partially destroyed in a fire, but restored and reopened in 2020. 5537:, but they have diverged especially in pronunciation and vocabulary due to the political separation of Portugal from Galicia. There is, however, still a linguistic continuity consisting of the variant of Galician referred to as 9268: 6180: 5722:
was never just one dialect. Just like today there is a standard Portuguese (actually two) among the several dialects of Portuguese, in the past there was Galician-Portuguese as the "standard", coexisting with other dialects.
3000:, and that is why the dialect shows many general differences from other variants of the language. It has striking remarkable differences in comparison to other Brazilian dialects in phonology, prosody and grammar, often 10215: 11337: 7750: 425: 6182: 7539:
has an iterative sense unique to the Galician-Portuguese language group. It denotes an action or a series of actions that began in the past but expected to occur again in the future. For instance, the sentence
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sibilants (sounding somewhat like a soft or ), as in the Romance languages of northern Iberia. Some very few northeastern Portugal dialects still maintain the medieval distinction between apical and laminal
9669: 3657: 11145: 10752:[To know a language is really about separating correct from awry? Language is a living organism that varies by context and goes far beyond a collection of rules and norms of how to speak and write] 1234:
Around 75% of the population of urban Angola speaks Portuguese natively, with approximately 85% fluent; these rates are lower in the countryside. Just over 50% (and rapidly increasing) of the population of
3170:. There are many distinct accents in Rio Grande do Sul, mainly due to the heavy influx of European immigrants of diverse origins who have settled in colonies throughout the state, and to the proximity to 8349:, "...includes besides many other languages, Bengali, English, French, German, Hindi/Urdu, Italian, Marathi, Panjabi, Persian, Brazilian (Portuguese), Russian, the Scandinavian languages, and Spanish." " 4976:
origin, especially names for most of the animals and plants found in those territories. While those terms are mostly used in the former colonies, many became current in European Portuguese as well. From
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Cook, Manuela. Portuguese Pronouns and Other Forms of Address, from the Past into the Future – Structural, Semantic and Pragmatic Reflections, Ellipsis, vol. 11, APSA, www.portuguese-apsa.com/ellipsis,
7531:. Portuguese and Spanish share very similar grammar, vocabulary and sentence structure. Portuguese also has some grammatical innovations not found in other Romance languages (except Galician and Fala): 3758:
has been expanding ever since the end of the 20th century, being most frequent among youngsters, and a number of studies have also shown an increase in its use in a number of other Brazilian dialects.
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made a formal application for full membership to the CPLP in June 2010, a status given only to states with Portuguese as an official language. Portuguese became its third official language (besides
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The closest relative of Portuguese is Galician, which is spoken in the autonomous community and nationality of Galicia (Spanish Kingdom). The two were at one time a single language, known today as
5492:, has a more lively use and is more readily mentioned in popular culture in South America. Said code-switching is not to be confused with the Portuñol spoken on the borders of Brazil with Uruguay ( 10390: 8983: 3649:, it is one of the few areas where the phonetic realization of "r" resembles those observed in the Carioca dialect (open), other examples where this phenomenon is observed: Brasília dialect and 1131:, in 1516. The early times of Modern Portuguese, which spans the period from the 16th century to the present day, were characterized by an increase in the number of learned words borrowed from 3752:
as the pronoun of choice for the second person singular in both writing and multimedia communications. However, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, the country's main cultural center, the usage of
11865: 10655: 7216:, with which it also shares a substantial number of cognates: there are 37 sounds in Portuguese, including vowels, consonants and diphthongs, most of which exist in today's Celtic languages. 2406:, it is once again becoming a language of opportunity there, mostly because of increased diplomatic and financial ties with economically powerful Portuguese-speaking countries in the world. 10270: 8766:
Conhecida como "A última flor do Lácio", a língua portuguesa vem sofrendo transformações no decorrer dos séculos, a partir do latim vulgar, sendo caracterizada como dinâmica e heterogênea.
11175: 9363: 9261: 10420: 9776: 1841: 10750:"Saber uma língua é separar o certo do errado? A língua é um organismo vivo que varia conforme o contexto e vai muito além de uma coleção de regras e normas de como falar e escrever" 7544:
would be translated to "I have been trying to talk to you", not "I have tried to talk to you." On the other hand, the correct translation of "Have you heard the latest news?" is not
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is virtually absent from the spoken language. Riograndense and European Portuguese normally distinguishes formal from informal speech by verbal conjugation. Informal speech employs
847:, from which all Romance languages are descended. The language was spread by Roman soldiers, settlers, and merchants, who built Roman cities mostly near the settlements of previous 8021: 13347: 7527:
A notable aspect of the grammar of Portuguese is the verb. Morphologically, more verbal inflections from classical Latin have been preserved by Portuguese than by any other major
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area fleeing the droughts and their associated poverty settled here, so it has some similarities with the Portuguese dialect there spoken. The speech in and around the cities of
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Beginning in the 16th century, the extensive contacts between Portuguese travelers and settlers, African and Asian slaves, and local populations led to the appearance of many
2324: 878:, a pre-Celtic tribe that lived in the territory of present-day Portugal and Spain that adopted the Latin language as Roman settlers moved in. This is also the origin of the 12424: 6181: 946:
which introduced a few hundred words from Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and Berber. Like other Neo-Latin and European languages, Portuguese has adopted a significant number of
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Todos os seres humanos nascem livres e iguais em dignidade e em direitos. Dotados de razão e de consciência, devem agir uns para com os outros em espírito de fraternidade.
3621:, sociologically, is considered a homogenous region. Differing from the traditional Northern dialect, in which the phonetic realization of the "s" always has the sound of 1008:
period (from the 12th to the 14th century), the language was increasingly used for documents and other written forms. For some time, it was the language of preference for
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A Toponímia Céltica e os vestígios de cultura material da Proto-História de Portugal. Freire, José. Revista de Guimarães, Volume Especial, I, Guimarães, 1999, pp. 265–275
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All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
11939: 12830: 9423: 8923: 3134:-speaking areas due to the gradual influence of European migrants, causing many people to distance their speech from their original dialect and incorporate new terms. 10449: 10237: 3503:, which most closely resembles other Brazilian Portuguese standards but with marked recent Portuguese influences, the nearest ones among the country's dialects along 1048:
in Portugal in 1047, playing a major role in modernizing written Portuguese using classical Occitan norms. Portugal became an independent kingdom in 1139, under King
17693: 12980: 5750: 2103: 2037: 13078: 11153: 9661: 2070: 8639: 3573:). It is the most recent dialect, which appeared by the settlement of families from various other Brazilian regions attracted by the cheap land offer in recently 10304: 3694:, a pronoun meaning "you", is used for educated, formal, and colloquial respectful speech in most Portuguese-speaking regions. In a few Brazilian states such as 2414:
Portuguese, being a language spread on all continents, has official status in several international organizations. It is one of twenty official languages of the
18034: 10962: 10715: 7310: 6055: 17903: 13352: 10389:[Zimbabwe: Portuguese to be introduced into the country's secondary education] (in Portuguese). Angola Press – ANGOP. 19 January 2017. Archived from 9841: 7628:"It is better to go back." Perhaps for that reason, infinitive clauses replace subjunctive clauses more often in Portuguese than in other Romance languages. 17990: 10558: 9612: 8786: 8671: 3511:
speakers will use the standard variant not influenced by it that is rather uniform around Brazil depending on context (emphasis or formality, for example).
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adopted Portuguese as one of its official languages in 2007, being admitted to CPLP in 2014. The use of the Portuguese language in this country is limited.
10474: 7872: 732:). As the result of expansion during colonial times, a cultural presence of Portuguese speakers is also found around the world. Portuguese is part of the 18128: 17915: 17855: 11016: 4607:
since both languages have the same origin in the medieval language of Galician-Portuguese. A few of these words existed in Latin as loanwords from other
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Piel, Joseph-Maria (1989). "Origens e estruturação histórica do léxico português" [Origins and historical structure of the Portuguese lexicon].
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There are a number of other places in Spain in which the native language of the common people is a descendant of the Galician-Portuguese group, such as
4031:, but between the Brazilian dialects and other dialects, especially in their most colloquial forms, there can also be some grammatical differences. The 18007: 17547: 10820: 9866: 9239: 8141: 7775: 7270: 11616: 11533: 11299: 11244: 10889:[Phonetic-Phonological Aspects of the Speech of Ceará: What Has Appeared in Experimental Surveys of the Linguistic Atlas of Brazil – ALiB-Ce] 8832:Última flor do Lácio, inculta e bela,/ És, a um tempo, esplendor e sepultura:/ Ouro nativo, que na ganga impura/ A bruta mina entre os cascalhos vela… 7208:) are quite different from the other major Romance languages. It has been suggested that this stems from the ancient link to Celtic languages such as 17879: 17867: 15046: 14843: 14613: 12151: 11085: 6271:
influences were absorbed into the local dialect of Vulgar Latin; this can be detected in some Galician-Portuguese words, as well as in placenames of
2430: 11123: 9636:"El portugués será el tercer idioma oficial de la República de Guinea Ecuatorial – Página Oficial del Gobierno de la República de Guinea Ecuatorial" 6141:
Some Portuguese-based or Portuguese-influenced creoles are still spoken today, by over three million people worldwide, especially people of partial
18118: 11861: 10677: 4615:. Altogether these are over 3,000 words, verbs, toponymic names of towns, rivers, surnames, tools, lexicon linked to rural life and natural world. 1205: 12797: 10189: 9966: 3036:, a very coherent coda sibilant palatalization as those of Portugal and Rio de Janeiro but allowed in fewer environments than in other accents of 13548: 12289: 11179: 11046: 8753: 4921:
Starting in the 15th century, the Portuguese maritime explorations led to the introduction of many loanwords from Asian languages. For instance,
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forma um ditongo no nível pós-lexical. Esta conclusão implica um aumento do número de segmentos no inventário segmental fonológico do português.
12347: 8436: 1104:, "Christian"). The language continued to be popular in parts of Asia until the 19th century. Some Portuguese-speaking Christian communities in 18198: 17108: 9367: 7964: 6237:
Portuguese can have as many as 9 oral vowels, as many as 2 semivowels, and as many as 21 consonants; some varieties of the language have fewer
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Most of the lexicon of Portuguese is derived, directly or through other Romance languages, from Latin. Nevertheless, because of its original
2442: 954:, mainly in technical and scientific terminology. These borrowings occurred via Latin, and later during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. 13317: 10412: 9039: 1418:
Portuguese is also one of the official languages of the Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China of Macau (alongside
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Raposo, Eduardo (1989). "Prepositional Infinitival Constructions in European Portuguese". In Osvaldo A. Jaeggli; Kenneth J. Safir (eds.).
12189: 10887:"Aspectos Fonético-Fonológicos do Falar do Ceará: O Que Tem Surgido nos Inquéritos Experimentais do Atlas Lingüístico do Brasil – ALiB-Ce" 10782: 10159: 9900: 9473: 7953:]. XVI Jornadas de Investigación : la excepcionalidad uruguaya en debate: ¿como el Uruguay no hay? (in Spanish). pp. 11–15. 7849: 980:(also known as Old Portuguese or Medieval Galician) in the kingdoms of Galicia and León around the 10th century, before the separation of 15219: 8029: 7740: 6402: 4972:, and the establishment of large Portuguese colonies in Angola, Mozambique, and Brazil, Portuguese acquired several words of African and 3789: 12042: 10500: 8714: 13095: 10356: 9933: 9811: 9696: 9297: 9091: 8945: 8060: 5746: 4580: 3492: 3367:. Also, the "Paulistano" accent was heavily influenced by the presence of immigrants in the city of São Paulo, especially the Italians. 2446: 1826: 1354: 808: 14758: 13197: 13184: 13171: 11774: 10920: 10846: 10606: 8342: 8291: 851:
civilizations established long before the Roman arrivals. For that reason, the language has kept a relevant substratum of much older,
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Carta de dotação e fundação da Igreja de S. Miguel de Lardosa, a.D. 882 (o mais antigo documento latino-português original conhecido)
11666: 11233:- Seringueiros da Amazônia, University of São Paulo (USP), Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and Human Sciences, Department of Geography 9639: 9393: 8111: 6963: 5438:). Mirandese is the only recognised regional language spoken in Portugal (beside Portuguese, the only official language in Portugal). 1443: 800: 12496: 10274: 8213: 1064:) and decreed for Portuguese, then simply called the "common language", to be known as the Portuguese language and used officially. 796: 9137: 8371: 12546: 8884: 6294:
changes in Vulgar Latin, which began the evolution to Galician-Portuguese, took place during the rule of the Germanic groups, the
12432: 11201: 6011: 5717:) was the name given to the pure Portuguese romance language, without any mixture of Aravia or Gerigonça Judenga. While the term 3263:) of Pernambuco and southern Ceará, it could sound less comprehensible to speakers of other Portuguese dialects than Galician or 12372: 9726: 9319: 8524: 8462: 8259: 6620:, Portuguese uses vowel quality to contrast stressed syllables with unstressed syllables. Unstressed isolated vowels tend to be 17511: 14618: 9341: 1447: 13241: 12827: 10749: 9209: 9182: 7913: 6003: 3521:
and its metropolitan area. It is not considered a dialect, but more of a regional variant – often deemed to be closer to
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s country population estimates for 2018, the population of each of the ten jurisdictions is as follows (by descending order):
18062: 15670: 15039: 13134: 13072: 13039: 12974: 12879: 12853: 12739: 12647: 12331: 12283: 12215: 12079: 11965: 11919: 11630: 11596: 11547: 11405: 9540: 9419: 9016: 8915: 8896: 8811: 8499: 8091: 7639: 2329: 1871: 1427: 815:
nations. In 1997, a comprehensive academic study ranked Portuguese as one of the 10 most influential languages in the world.
607: Countries and territories where Portuguese is an official or administrative language but not a majority native language 398: 365: 309: 89: 15602: 13158: 13045: 12011: 11705: 7295:
and tradition; so there is not a perfect one-to-one correspondence between sounds and letters or digraphs. Knowing the main
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in most dialects outside of Brazil (as well as some conservative Brazilian dialects, to a variable extent.) However, is an
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in its maximum definition and more easterly areas of São Paulo state, as well as perhaps "educated speech" from anywhere in
2364:. Portuguese is a globalized language spoken officially on five continents, and as a second language by millions worldwide. 11741: 10662:
Acoustic-phonetic characteristics of the Brazilian Portuguese's retroflex /r/: data from respondents in Pato Branco, Paraná
10442: 10241: 6490: 6044: 5378: 3214:, attracting Portuguese colonists, commoners from other parts of Brazil, and their African slaves. The south-southwestern, 3183: 15405: 15400: 8525:"Palavras que cheiram mar 2: Etimologia de mais de 1000 Palavras Gregas Usadas em Português (Λέξεις που μυρίζουν θάλασσα)" 5770: 18153: 17799: 17206: 15344: 15232: 13541: 13367: 12771: 11230: 6936: 6915: 6896: 5758: 2887: 632: 17: 15505: 15395: 12910: 8582:
Lay, Stephen (2015). "Sanctity and Social Alienation in Twelfth-Century Braga as Portrayed in the Vita Sancti Geraldi".
5546: 4311:). This process was the source of most of the language's distinctive nasal diphthongs. In particular, the Latin endings 2437:(alongside 32 other languages of which English is the most used, followed by Spanish, French, German, and Italian), and 15620: 8646: 6943: 5774: 5515:), that are Portuguese dialects spoken natively by thousands of people, which have been heavily influenced by Spanish. 3670: 824: 12128: 10657:
Características fonético-acústicas do /r/ retroflexo do portugues brasileiro: dados de informantes de Pato Branco (PR)
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paradigms of Portuguese and being acquainted with the orthography of other Western European languages can be helpful.
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can be spelled in more than one way. In ambiguous cases, the correct spelling is determined through a combination of
6122: 5778: 2901: 1185: 13385: 13210: 10978: 10703: 9068: 18163: 18148: 18143: 16519: 15032: 14952: 13767: 11475: 11445: 9505: 9447: 6832: 4529: 1248: 1239:
Cape Verde, but almost all the population is bilingual, and the monolingual population speaks the Portuguese-based
17896: 10886: 5564:
Another member of the Galician-Portuguese group, most commonly thought of as a Galician dialect, is spoken in the
3537: 2654: 17825: 17542: 17413: 17226: 15807: 15412: 15212: 14869: 13253: 10566: 9608: 8778: 6818: 6521: 5958: 5766: 2419: 1435: 1431: 1021: 622: 553: 4832:, Vermoim, Mandim, Calquim, Baguim, Gemunde, Guetim, Sermonde and many more, are quite common mainly in the old 18183: 18168: 17501: 17251: 16607: 16508: 14633: 13534: 10628: 10478: 10326: 8560: 8478:
Domingos Maria da Silva, Os Búrios, Terras de Bouro, Câmara Municipal de Terras de Bouro, 2006. (in Portuguese)
8402: 7999: 7888: 7190:, , and , respectively, except at the beginning of words or after nasal vowels. At the end of a phrase, due to 6558: 5694:), but in these municipalities, what is spoken is actually Portuguese, not disputed as such in the mainstream. 3452: 3073: 1673: 763:, the third-most spoken European language in the world in terms of native speakers and the second-most spoken 16478: 12843: 11370: 11004: 9556: 8799:
Com a Língua Portuguesa não foi diferente. Você sabia que o português é conhecido como a última flor do Lácio?
6397: 6030: 5403: 5095:. These are by far the most important languages when referring to loanwords. There are many examples such as: 4015: 2717: 2441:(used alongside English, Spanish, French and Arabic), in addition to being the official legal language in the 18188: 17755: 17423: 16415: 16093: 14916: 14912: 11250:. Anais do IX Encontro do CELSUL Palhoça, SC, out. 2010 Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina. Archived from 9753: 9478:
Pratiche linguistiche in Svizzera: Primi risultati dell'Indagine sulla lingua, la religione e la cultura 2019
7068: 6866: 6134:
As each of these pidgins became the mother tongue of succeeding generations, they evolved into fully fledged
2438: 2301: 2268: 2235: 2202: 2169: 2136: 830: 671: 583: 502: 466: 376: 10805: 10757: 9870: 9231: 8491:
Dictionary of Arabic and allied loanwords : Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician and kindred dialects
8133: 7151:
occurs only in loanwords, names, and interjections, with a dialectal tendency for speakers to substitute in
6393:
among others, are institutions dedicated to the worldwide promotion of the Portuguese language and culture.
6257:(common Latin) that had been introduced by Roman soldiers, colonists and magistrates during the time of the 5542: 5541:, which is spoken in several Galician and Portuguese villages within the transboundary biosphere reserve of 4532:, is a building that has a library, a small theater and was formerly the palace of the colonial governor of 3982: 1793: 1398: 707: 520: 356: 18138: 18133: 18113: 17720: 17566: 17516: 17468: 17338: 17333: 17134: 14521: 13648: 11277: 11251: 6852: 6825: 6599: 6537: 5635:, is another descendant of Galician-Portuguese, spoken by a small number of people in the Spanish towns of 5091:
Finally, it has received a steady influx of loanwords from other European languages, especially French and
4973: 3347:
of Brazil, nowadays conservative only in the rural areas and associated with them, that has a historically
1244: 927: 16542: 15945: 11093: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7152: 7148: 7124: 7120: 7112: 7108: 7074: 7062: 7042: 7035: 7031: 7027: 7002: 6995: 6988: 6331: 6195: 1874:
emigrant citizens in Portugal or the high number of Portuguese emigrant citizens in the PALOP and Brazil.
1361:, with the Portuguese acronym CPLP) consists of the nine independent countries that have Portuguese as an 1329:, a Portuguese-Malay creole; however, the Portuguese language itself is not widely spoken in the country. 18178: 18158: 18123: 17946: 16983: 16421: 15390: 15319: 14945: 14925: 12165: 11208:(in Portuguese). Associação de Defesa do Meio Ambiente Araucária (AMAR). 1 September 2009. Archived from 11115: 11067:
Note: the speaker of this sound file is from Rio de Janeiro, and he is talking about his experience with
7770: 7094: 6581: 6475: 4525: 3610: 3348: 3215: 3081: 3005: 1085:
Its spread was helped by mixed marriages between Portuguese and local people and by its association with
436: 9958: 7201:
In Brazil, many speakers further shift to in closed syllables, especially outside the southern region.
3495:
in the early 19th century. There is actually a continuum between Vernacular countryside accents and the
3040:, a greater presence of dental stop palatalization to palato-alveolar in comparison to other accents of 1033: 17961: 17688: 17589: 17473: 17298: 16704: 16276: 15711: 15269: 15205: 14673: 13782: 12793: 11622: 11539: 7873:"El portugués uruguayo y las marcas de la oralidad en la poesía del escritor uruguayo Agustín R. Bisio" 7098: 7054: 6905: 6738: 6731: 6390: 5905:, which was the most widely spoken in Brazil until the 18th century, and on the language spoken around 5326: 5044: 4856: 3598: 3374: 449: 12265: 11038: 10181: 8741: 8559:(in Portuguese). Santiago de Compostela, Portugal: Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa (AGLP). 2015. 3364: 3351:
in cities as Rio de Janeiro, Curitiba, Belo Horizonte, and until some years ago, in São Paulo itself.
1298:(554,000), and the United States (0.35% of the population or 1,228,126 speakers according to the 2007 1210: 17478: 17440: 16291: 16203: 15812: 15653: 15368: 15297: 15279: 15262: 15257: 15247: 14908: 14783: 14773: 14578: 14380: 13470: 12354: 11584: 11178:[White accent] (in Portuguese). Meia Maratona Internacional CAIXA de Brasília. Archived from 10706:[Syllable coda /r/ in the "capital" of the Paulista hinterland: a sociolinguistic analysis]. 8443: 7191: 7116: 7090: 7066: 7011: 7009: 7006: 6859: 5902: 5824: 5370: 4910: 3356: 3079: 3071: 1299: 733: 170: 165: 156: 136: 93: 14370: 11847: 10136: 10110: 10084: 10056: 10030: 10004: 9338:"Portuguese in Europe · Portuguese-speaking countries & Portuguese language knowledge in Europe" 8188: 8082:
da Silva, Emmanuel (2015). "Socioliguistic Tensions in Toronoto". In Moita-Lopes, Luiz Paulo (ed.).
7944: 7816: 3255:(7), where, in the 19th and 20th centuries and especially in the area including and surrounding the 2356:
publishing data given from UNESCO, the highest potential for growth as an international language in
17956: 17597: 17398: 16996: 16900: 15773: 15721: 15500: 15448: 15069: 14788: 14678: 14608: 14406: 13918: 13613: 13272:
Cook, Manuela (1997). "Uma Teoria de Interpretação das Formas de Tratamento na Língua Portuguesa".
11999:, by Michele Ruggieri, Matteo Ricci; edited by John W. Witek. Published 2001, Biblioteca Nacional. 10704:"O /r/ em posição de coda silábica na capital do interior paulista: uma abordagem sociolinguística" 10535: 9586: 8313: 7292: 6500: 6382: 6370: 5754: 4569: 3855: 3507:), so that not all people native to the state of Rio de Janeiro speak the said sociolect, but most 1705: 1254:
There are also significant Portuguese-speaking immigrant communities in many territories including
863: 667: 577: 17785: 14029: 12234: 11894: 6314:). The nasal vowels would thus be a phonologic characteristic of the Vulgar Latin spoken in Roman 5652: 3997: 2975: 1801: 31: 18193: 18039: 17830: 17770: 17368: 17328: 17308: 17288: 17191: 16364: 15955: 15909: 15790: 15763: 15702: 15639: 15585: 15292: 15252: 15155: 15055: 14848: 14768: 14733: 14718: 14703: 14658: 14593: 14401: 14135: 13711: 13690: 13312: 12038: 10853:'Tu vai para onde? ... Você vai para onde?: manifestations of the second person in Carioca speech 9032: 7951:
Some theoretical methodological notes on the relationship between regions and learning in Uruguay
7875:[Uruguayan Portuguese and oral marks in the poetry of Uruguayan writer Agustín R. Bisio] 7050: 6875: 6779: 6772: 6747: 6567: 6219: 5985: 5762: 5475: 5435: 3826: 3443: 3218:, and northern areas of the state each have fairly distinctive speech, actually approximating to 1769: 1169: 284: 236: 180: 161: 151: 126: 15960: 14899: 14014: 13453: 12410: 9262:"Coneixements i usos lingüístics de la població d'Andorra: Situació actual i evolució 1995–2018" 6138:, which remained in use in many parts of Asia, Africa and South America until the 18th century. 5782: 5679: 3456: 17908: 17845: 17660: 17605: 17506: 17303: 17082: 16298: 15716: 15662: 15314: 15165: 14723: 12889: 12186: 10151: 9892: 9132: 7560: 7234: 7227: 6227: 5794: 5471: 5384: 5322: 3642: 3488: 3147: 3115: 3011: 2724: 2383:, Portuguese is either mandatory, or taught, in the schools of those South American countries. 1172:, one of the greatest literary figures in the Portuguese language and author of the Portuguese 759:
speakers, Portuguese has approximately 300 million total speakers. It is usually listed as the
231: 175: 17995: 13419: 12964: 12065: 11588: 10580: 8557:"Vocabulário Ortográfico da Galiza elaborado pela Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa (AGLP)" 7946:
Algunas notas teórico metodológicas sobre la relación entre regiones y aprendizajes en Uruguay
3784: 3419:
does have a fairly distinct accent as well, and a relative majority of speakers around and in
1866:
area was estimated at 300 million in January 2022. This number does not include the Lusophone
18082: 18029: 17780: 17650: 17640: 17625: 17526: 17458: 17428: 17383: 17378: 17353: 17211: 17114: 17059: 16865: 16860: 16513: 16491: 16382: 16310: 16133: 15795: 15558: 14823: 14798: 14648: 14643: 14623: 14588: 14573: 14256: 13557: 12902: 12034: 11393: 10779:"Linguistic prejudice and the surprising (academic and formal) unity of Brazilian Portuguese" 10504: 9925: 8704: 7765: 7705: 7266: 6883: 6699: 6692: 6302:(585–711). The Galician-Portuguese "inflected infinitive" (or "personal infinitive") and the 5798: 5427: 4905: 4507: 3968: 3646: 3092: 2554: 2434: 2423: 2194: 1899: 1577: 1061: 17496: 16778: 15746: 13981: 13757: 13104: 13062: 10848:'Tu vai para onde? ... Você vai para onde?': manifestações da segunda pessoa na fala carioca 9808: 6249:
of oral vowels. Galician-Portuguese developed in the region of the former Roman province of
6039: 5699: 4968:
From the 16th to the 19th centuries, because of the role of Portugal as intermediary in the
4172:, sometimes followed by the merger of the two surrounding vowels, or by the insertion of an 18077: 18002: 17932: 17920: 17860: 17810: 17655: 17630: 17610: 17418: 17408: 17358: 17318: 17276: 17271: 17266: 17256: 17241: 17236: 17231: 17216: 17201: 17196: 17186: 17181: 17176: 17171: 17064: 16838: 16454: 16427: 16353: 16213: 16012: 15940: 15892: 15886: 15849: 15832: 14895: 14886: 14877: 14808: 14778: 14763: 14748: 14738: 14728: 14693: 14688: 14638: 14583: 14558: 14411: 14385: 14200: 13933: 13685: 13194: 13181: 13168: 10860: 10598: 9692: 9389: 9293: 9163: 8281: 7841: 7720: 7280: 6788: 6706: 6374: 6342: 6283: 6187: 6154: 5973:
created a Portuguese–Chinese dictionary – the first ever European–Chinese dictionary.
5935:
missionary activity in Japan. Building on the work of earlier Portuguese missionaries, the
4969: 3412: 3360: 3304: 2550: 2486: 2004: 1513: 1049: 16848: 16261: 15329: 14315: 14264: 14170: 14044: 11658: 9635: 8742:"Cartografando os neologismos na quarentena: ampliando o vocabulário da língua portuguesa" 8107: 8052: 5880: 4520: 4162: 3991: 3962: 3933: 3904: 3849: 3820: 3332: 3328: 3246: 3199: 3109: 2947: 2927: 2690: 2673: 2629: 2599: 2565: 2540: 2523: 1343: 592: 8: 18072: 18024: 18012: 17980: 17966: 17671: 17635: 17615: 17521: 17463: 17403: 17393: 17373: 17363: 17348: 17343: 17323: 17293: 17261: 17246: 17221: 17157: 16549: 16441: 16409: 16024: 15984: 15950: 15778: 15542: 15186: 15130: 14818: 14813: 14753: 14708: 14668: 14563: 14544: 14269: 14175: 14009: 13903: 13671: 12485: 11888: 8401:[Historical Grammar from Latin to Brazilian Portuguese]. University of Brasília. 8286: 7760: 7725: 7710: 6805: 6268: 6264: 6211: 6172: 6080: 6019: 5946: 5942: 5812: 5636: 5549:. It is "considered a rarity, a living vestige of the medieval language that ranged from 5534: 5374: 5334: 5310: 4847:
Between the 9th and early 13th centuries, Portuguese acquired some 400 to 600 words from
4829: 4600: 3939: 3614: 3264: 2883: 2711: 2616: 2582: 2462: 1737: 1609: 1286:(about 4–5% of the population, mainly refugees from Angola in the north of the country), 1240: 1227: 1151: 1005: 977: 958: 776: 749: 266: 70: 64: 16812: 16245: 15920: 15854: 14365: 14310: 14190: 13999: 13994: 13989: 13865: 13860: 13797: 10602: 8363: 7943:
Fernández Aguerre, Tabaré; González Bruzzese, Mahira; Rodriguez Ingold, Cecilia (2017).
6386: 5573: 5305: 4792:
borne by Visigoth sovereigns and their descendants, and it dwells on placenames such as
2477:) is based on the Portuguese spoken in the area including and surrounding the cities of 934:
became the administrative and common language in the conquered regions, but most of the
35: 18067: 18019: 17884: 17872: 17850: 17775: 17765: 17620: 17433: 17388: 17313: 17283: 17054: 16783: 16639: 16597: 16563: 16557: 16447: 16390: 16347: 16330: 16068: 16061: 15897: 15685: 15626: 15482: 15470: 15349: 15287: 14968: 14873: 14793: 14743: 14698: 14683: 14663: 14653: 14628: 14568: 14437: 14223: 14155: 14145: 14064: 13961: 13817: 13749: 13597: 13592: 13289: 13013: 12712: 12561: 11514: 11437: 10859:(Master's thesis) (in Portuguese). Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Archived from 8844: 8607: 7715: 7617: 7613: 7522: 7061:
also remains very common in various dialects. A common realization of the word-initial
6650: 6207: 5990: 5840: 5577: 5431: 5415: 5350: 5330: 4789: 4781: 4639: 3910: 3797: 3323: 2997: 2939: 2422:(alongside Spanish, French and English), and one of eighteen official languages of the 2395: 1641: 1545: 1464: 990: 966: 962: 943: 918: 855: 745: 741: 272: 16832: 15324: 14335: 14290: 14274: 14130: 14059: 14049: 14024: 13923: 13888: 13812: 13229: 8889:
A historical companion to postcolonial literatures: continental Europe and its empires
5957:
was also influenced by the Portuguese language (among others), particularly regarding
5482:
as well as modern lexical, structural, and grammatical similarity (89%) between them.
4536:, seen from the PAIGC-building (formerly the seat of the local commercial association 4382: 4374: 4084: 3541: – Known in its region as the "accent of the migrants", it has similarities with 3491:. It appeared after locals came in contact with the Portuguese aristocracy amidst the 994: 569: 18046: 17645: 17011: 16990: 16910: 16870: 16729: 16657: 16651: 16575: 16467: 16377: 16318: 16230: 16188: 15989: 15935: 15741: 15726: 15697: 15680: 15590: 15553: 15522: 15510: 15429: 15417: 15334: 15309: 15303: 15228: 15197: 15160: 15110: 15095: 14803: 14713: 14603: 14472: 14427: 14320: 14089: 14074: 14069: 14019: 13971: 13875: 13822: 13792: 13787: 13772: 13130: 13068: 13035: 13017: 12970: 12875: 12745: 12735: 12643: 12380: 12327: 12318:. Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory. Vol. 15. pp. 277–305. 12279: 12211: 12120: 12075: 12000: 11626: 11592: 11577: 11543: 11401: 9536: 9142: 9012: 8892: 8866: 8848: 8679: 8611: 8599: 8505: 8495: 8459: 8249: 8087: 7780: 7246: 7086: 6927: 6845: 6765: 6655: 6203: 6199: 6142: 6052: 5977: 5876: 5565: 5558: 5423: 5395: 5358: 5346: 5342: 5341:, so this may be outdated in less than a few decades). It shows European Portuguese, 5317: 4978: 4932: 4824:('council'). Other examples of Portuguese names, surnames and town names of Germanic 4801: 4785: 4604: 4533: 4495: 4469: 4035:
spoken in various parts of Africa, Asia, and the Americas are independent languages.
4032: 3695: 3408: 3163: 2345: 2016:
Significant minority as a native language; significant minority as a second language
1958: 1854: 1665: 1404: 1382: 1362: 1326: 1144: 1128: 1097: 1053: 981: 840: 764: 715: 675: 414: 336: 146: 17835: 16853: 15822: 15800: 14300: 14213: 14150: 14112: 14054: 13827: 9337: 9323: 6091: 6064: 5274:'dehydrated') or ('canned ham') (in Brazil, in contrast with non-canned, wet-cured ( 5028: 3594: 3158: 3119: 2935: 628: 613: Countries and territories where Portuguese is a cultural or secondary language 16964: 16954: 16939: 16927: 16843: 16792: 16756: 16734: 16721: 16715: 16644: 16633: 16537: 16502: 16486: 16335: 16323: 16256: 16220: 16208: 16176: 16101: 16073: 16046: 15876: 15871: 15859: 15839: 15827: 15768: 15675: 15632: 15573: 15568: 15563: 15527: 15458: 15442: 15339: 15181: 15145: 15140: 15125: 15090: 15013: 15008: 14497: 14487: 14482: 14477: 14305: 14295: 14208: 14122: 14079: 14039: 13966: 13956: 13948: 13928: 13913: 13893: 13837: 13807: 13762: 13723: 13706: 13281: 13005: 12942: 12319: 11931: 11506: 11497:
Jensen, John B. (1989). "On the Mutual Intelligibility of Spanish and Portuguese".
11294: 11289: 11209: 11146:"Livro do MEC ensina o português errado ou apenas valoriza as formas linguísticas?" 10761: 10669: 10668:(Master's thesis) (in Portuguese). Universidade Federal do Paraná. pp. 19–21. 10415:[Portuguese will be curricular language in 32 countries next school year]. 9232:"Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996, Chapter 1: Founding Provisions" 9205: 9178: 8709: 8591: 7954: 7735: 7556: 7528: 7082: 6665: 6645: 6640: 6613: 6307: 6215: 6096: 6076: 5966: 5954: 5932: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5848: 5836: 5828: 5786: 5528: 5467: 5441: 5419: 5388: 5362: 5092: 5082: 4957: 4947: 4623: 4608: 4565: 4443: 4424: 4219: 4044: 4024: 3352: 3211: 2700: 2349: 1845: 1419: 1408: 1306: 1168:, naïve and beautiful"). Portuguese is also termed "the language of Camões", after 1154:
once called Portuguese "the sweet and gracious language", while the Brazilian poet
1068: 1017: 902: 898: 768: 131: 16739: 16689: 13850: 13777: 13629: 12851: 11972: 8819: 8595: 7942: 7921: 7102: 6326: 5884: 5445: 5329:
languages, as well many of their mainland European dialects (areas colored green,
4366: 4350: 4334: 4290: 4282: 4274: 4266: 3448: 3420: 601: Countries or regions where Portuguese is the native language of the majority 17820: 17048: 17034: 16915: 16817: 16807: 16751: 16602: 16590: 16530: 16525: 16340: 16269: 16251: 16225: 16198: 16128: 16085: 15997: 15978: 15930: 15817: 15783: 15736: 15731: 15453: 15385: 15357: 15150: 15115: 15100: 15003: 14502: 14492: 14467: 14447: 14432: 14345: 14340: 14246: 14241: 14236: 14185: 14165: 14140: 14034: 14004: 13938: 13908: 13883: 13855: 13802: 13342: 13321: 13214: 13201: 13188: 13175: 13162: 13155: 13124: 13029: 12914: 12896: 12857: 12834: 12323: 12193: 12015: 12008: 11692: 9815: 9509: 9451: 8466: 7751:
List of international organizations which have Portuguese as an official language
7730: 7697: 7683: 7536: 7213: 7205: 7089:
and may be voiceless unless between voiced sounds. It is usually pronounced as a
7078: 7045:
has a variety of realizations depending on dialect. In Europe, it is typically a
6686: 6660: 6617: 6515: 6347: 6272: 6231: 6223: 6135: 6110: 5931:(1603) was the first dictionary of Japanese in a European language, a product of 5872: 5463: 4848: 4841: 4668: 3881: 3793: 3678: 2993: 2922: 2357: 1938: 1926:. In 2017, a project was launched to introduce Portuguese as a school subject in 1412: 1318: 1132: 1093: 1086: 1067:
In the second period of Old Portuguese, in the 15th and 16th centuries, with the
1037: 998: 931: 852: 756: 118: 108: 16051: 14097: 13025: 12272:
Some aspects of the Paleolithic Continuity Theory applied to the Galician region
11997:
Dicionário Português–Chinês : Pu Han ci dian: Portuguese–Chinese dictionary
11733: 10299:[Portuguese enters the Ivory Coast school curriculum next school year]. 9832:
Article 11, Protocol on Amendments to the Constitutive Act of the African Union
8164:"2012 World Population Data Sheet Interactive Map - Population Reference Bureau" 7844:[Acts continue to mark Portuguese Language and Portuguese Culture Day]. 6085: 4512: 4298: 4076: 4068: 4051:
which became diphthongs in most other Romance languages; cf. Port., Cat., Sard.
3609:, which share important historical-cultural aspects, such as, once belonging to 2958:
in Minas Gerais is expanded further northerly, though not reaching metropolitan
2954:
and the remaining parts of Mato Grosso do Sul are included, and the frontier of
17099: 17006: 17001: 16922: 16802: 16764: 16496: 16056: 16002: 15972: 15864: 15548: 15476: 15422: 15135: 15120: 15105: 15074: 14462: 14457: 14452: 14375: 14330: 14325: 14231: 14107: 13898: 13728: 12071: 11003:
Nascimento, Katiene; Guimarães, Daniela; Barboza, Clerton; et al. (2012).
10297:"Português entra no currículo escolar da Costa do Marfim no próximo ano letivo" 8740:
Almeida, Haline Janaína Franco; Oliveira, Luiz Roberto Peel Furtado de (2020).
7238: 7209: 7128: 7058: 6955: 6718: 6552: 5868: 5832: 5489: 5479: 5412:
and its sibling dialects are referred to in Portuguese), its closest relatives.
5313:) within the context of its linguistic neighbors between the year 1000 and 2000 4962: 4203: 4100: 4060: 3618: 3267:, and nowadays less distinctive from other variants in the metropolitan cities 3235: 2967: 2959: 2891: 2501: 2415: 1451: 1415:) in 2011, and in July 2014, the country was accepted as a member of the CPLP. 1247:
as one of the languages spoken by communities within the country for which the
972: 951: 894: 844: 788: 252: 103: 16145: 13009: 12947: 12930: 12763: 12267:
Alguns aspectos da Teoria da Continuidade Paleolítica aplicada à região galega
12067:
The Europeans, Second Edition: A Geography of People, Culture, and Environment
11769:[Galician is no longer one of the "endangered" languages for Unesco]. 7959: 7119:, as in English. However, a number of dialects in northern Portugal pronounce 6318:, but they are not attested in writing until after the 6th and 7th centuries. 4195: 4187: 4179: 4132: 4124: 4116: 2897: 1878:
simple sight of road signs, public information and advertising in Portuguese.
18107: 17558: 17041: 16944: 16932: 16664: 16372: 16029: 15967: 15463: 14180: 13845: 13337: 12907: 12124: 11835: 11736:[The Galician-Portuguese Speech of Baixa-Limia and Castro Laboreiro] 9693:"Equatorial Guinea, member of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries" 9531:
Carvalho, Ana Maria (2010). "Portuguese in the USA". In Potowski, Kim (ed.).
8885:"Introduction: The Myths and Realities of Portuguese (Post) Colonial Society" 8603: 8509: 7804: 6984:
Semivowels contrast with unstressed high vowels in verbal conjugation, as in
6811: 6795: 6754: 6724: 6678: 6425: 5906: 5667: 5585: 5554: 5455: 5399: 5361:, though it excludes dialects spoken in insular Portugal (Azores and Madeira– 5354: 5051: 4306: 4211: 3895: 3574: 3271:. It can be divided in two regional variants, one that includes the northern 3171: 3067: 3001: 2979: 2361: 1954: 1932: 1633: 1439: 1386: 1314: 1136: 1077: 939: 804: 780: 772: 695: 546: 341: 13513: 13436: 12749: 11579:
Dictionary of Languages: The Definitive Reference to More Than 400 Languages
9662:"Equatorial Guinea Adds Portuguese as the Country's Third Official Language" 4638:
civilization and language, however, these people contributed with some 500
4358: 4342: 4326: 4318: 4258: 4250: 4242: 4156: 4092: 16823: 16683: 16123: 16078: 14102: 13587: 12019: 11351:– via Tu/você alternation in Santa Catarina: a variationist approach. 10965:[Phonetic-phonological studies in the states of Paraíba and Ceará] 9690: 9417: 8752:(78). Círculo Fluminense de Estudos Filológicos e Linguísticos: 1132–1142. 7842:"Continúan los actos del Día de la Lengua Portuguesa y la Cultura Lusófona" 7829: 7273:. Accented letters and digraphs are not counted as separate characters for 7262: 7250: 7242: 7046: 7017: 6621: 6303: 6258: 6254: 6105: 5981: 5970: 5950: 5892: 5888: 5816: 5739: 5735: 5730: 5510: 4635: 4236: 4148: 4048: 3662: 3606: 3602: 3300: 3268: 3212:
the discovery of gold and gems made it the most prosperous Brazilian region
3195: 3123: 2931: 2128: 1950: 1915: 1009: 957:
Portuguese evolved from the medieval language, known today by linguists as
922: 890: 737: 420: 262: 226: 15024: 13308:, Portuguese Studies Review 3.2, Durham: University of New Hampshire, 1995 12732:
Verbal Periphrases in Romance: Aspect, Actionality, and Grammaticalization
12700: 12108: 10894: 10359:[Portuguese to be introduced to secondary education in Zimbabwe]. 10124: 10098: 10072: 10044: 10018: 9992: 8946:"Brazil: Fire engulfs Portuguese language museum in Sao Paulo, one killed" 8489: 7746:
List of countries and territories where Portuguese is an official language
7053:
may be becoming dominant in urban areas. There is also a realization as a
4108: 3625:, in the Brazilian Western Amazon region, there will only be the sound of 3557:(in the opposite group of Brazilian dialects, in which it is placed along 2905: 1339:
List of countries and territories where Portuguese is an official language
1202:
List of countries and territories where Portuguese is an official language
1189: 1123:
The end of the Old Portuguese period was marked by the publication of the
537: 16885: 16878: 16615: 16181: 13156:
A pronúncia do português europeu – European Portuguese Pronunciation
11245:"A Constituição de Corpora Orais Para a Análise das Formas de Tratamento" 10212:"Portuguese language will be option in the official Venezuelan teachings" 9835:"Protocol on the Amendments to the Constitutive Act of the African Union" 9064: 6574: 6544: 6528: 6507: 6482: 6469: 6420: 6242: 5927: 5660: 5502: 4588: 4557: 4140: 3407: – The variants spoken in the areas between the northern regions of 3206:
area, its associated region was formerly a sparsely populated land where
2988: 2659: 1919: 1291: 1177: 1155: 1140: 875: 811:, an international organization made up of all of the world's officially 18092: 16150: 13526: 13324:(PDF) Boletim de Filologia, Lisboa, Centro de Estudos Filológicos, 1971. 12716: 11467: 11441: 11363:"Apprendre la langue romanche et le vocabulaire, dictionnaire Rumantsch" 10806:"As descrições fonológicas do português do Ceará: de Aguiar a Macambira" 9502: 9444: 5561:
to be a co-dialect of the Portuguese language with regional variations.
5485: 3518: 3382: 3272: 2429:
Portuguese is a working language in nonprofit organisations such as the
17815: 16193: 16163: 16155: 16111: 16106: 15756: 15515: 13097:
Encontros Vocálicos Finais em Português: Descrição e Análise Otimalista
11935: 11840: 11425: 10129: 10103: 10077: 10049: 10023: 9997: 9774:
Constitutive Treaty of the Union of South American Nations, Article 23
7809: 7609: 7605: 7296: 6591: 6430: 6351: 6311: 6287: 5581: 4852: 4837: 4473: 4447: 4173: 4028: 3953: 3840: 3811: 3682: 3363:, is a polemic topic in the entirety of the country since the times of 3344: 3295: 3044:, among others, as well as a great number of archaic Portuguese words). 2983: 2509: 1761: 1697: 1569: 1390: 1378: 1374: 1279: 1235: 1089: 914: 711: 699: 691: 346: 331: 326: 17712: 17126: 14513: 13640: 13293: 13254:
English–Portuguese–Chinese Dictionary (Freeware for Windows/Linux/Mac)
11518: 10387:"Zimbabwe: Português vai ser introduzido no ensino secundário do país" 9514:
Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2022).
9456:
Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2022).
9320:"Population by mother tongue, by province and territory (2006 Census)" 4053: 3746:
The predominance of Southeastern-based media products has established
1188:, an interactive museum about the Portuguese language, was founded in 1120:
preserved their language even after they were isolated from Portugal.
16959: 16797: 16139: 15434: 14987: 14937: 14160: 13207: 12063: 11618:
How Many Languages Do We Need?: The Economics of Linguistic Diversity
10673: 10413:"Português será língua curricular em 32 países no próximo ano letivo" 7303: 7288: 7274: 7187: 7156: 6889: 6355: 6315: 6299: 6250: 6246: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5852: 5820: 5802: 5550: 5058: 4825: 4797: 4793: 4631: 4161:("fire"). Another characteristic of early Portuguese was the loss of 3480: 3447: – Variants heavily influenced by European Portuguese spoken in 3378: 3096: 3070:
and the greatest tendency to pronounce unstressed vowels as open-mid
3059: 2450: 2372: 2095: 2029: 1946: 1923: 1891: 1863: 1848: 1295: 1223: 1173: 1117: 1109: 910: 883: 812: 723: 562: 530: 512: 494: 221: 16585: 12035:"Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database: Sorting Citrus Names" 11323:"Alternância tu/você em Santa Catarina: uma abordagem variacionista" 10632: 10334: 8556: 8398: 7991: 7167:
in a majority of Brazilian dialects. Similarly, is an allophone of
5949:, which is based on the orthography of 17th-century Portuguese. The 5478:), historical contact between speakers and mutual influence, shared 5391:, and it has special ties with the following members of this group: 5203:, from English "beef", "football", "revolver", "stock", "folklore." 3710:
followed by second person verbs, formal language retains the formal
3451:
city (due to a heavy immigration movement from Portugal, mainly its
3252: 2646: 866:
of ancient languages. In Latin, the Portuguese language is known as
16744: 16580: 16396: 15844: 15692: 13285: 12237:[The origins of the Galician-Portuguese romance language]. 11510: 11362: 10963:"Os estudos fonético-fonológicos nos estados da Paraíba e do Ceará" 9560: 7691: 7133: 6291: 6276: 5897: 5808: 5687: 5569: 4951: 4619: 4584: 4573: 4561: 3439:). Speech of northern Paraná is closer to that of inland São Paulo. 3416: 3179: 3114: – A broad dialect with many variants spoken in the states of 2971: 2574:(there is a particular dialect in a small part of western Algarve). 2546: 2380: 2368: 2293: 2062: 1927: 1911: 1867: 1601: 1423: 1394: 1322: 1287: 1113: 1072: 1013: 947: 935: 792: 703: 640: 351: 81: 16949: 13504: 11767:"O galego deixa de ser unha das linguas 'en perigo' para a Unesco" 10503:. Anglopress Edicões e Publicidade Lda. 5 May 2007. Archived from 9749: 6998:. Phonologists discuss whether their nature is vowel or consonant. 6365: 4840:
dominated regions, covering today's Northern half of Portugal and
3459:, said to be a continuum between those whose speech most resemble 3312: 3280: 3276: 3055: 2951: 2433:(alongside English, German, Spanish, French, Arabic and Russian), 1071:, the language was taken to many regions of Africa, Asia, and the 17840: 16568: 16433: 16171: 15595: 15580: 13718: 10238:"Zambia will adopt the Portuguese language in their Basic school" 8678:(in Portuguese) (2.ª ed.). São Paulo: Contexto. p. 80. 8626:
Petit précis – Chronologie occitane – Histoire & civilisation
7284: 7258: 7034:
as additional phonemes rather than sequences of a velar stop and
7001:
In most of Brazil and Angola, the consonant hereafter denoted as
6286:, and by the year 800 Galician-Portuguese had already become the 6238: 6069: 5671: 5068: 4928: 4612: 4596: 4592: 4228: 4011: 3674: 3650: 3475: 3436: 3284: 3260: 3190: 2679: 2635: 2571: 2478: 2376: 2260: 2161: 1996: 1907: 1903: 1887: 1283: 1259: 1255: 1041: 653: 636: 405: 13314:
Nova Proposta de Classificação dos Dialectos Galego- Portugueses
13103:(Thesis). Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Archived from 10357:"Português vai ser introduzido no ensino secundário no Zimbabué" 8976:"Museu da Língua Portuguesa será reaberto ao público no domingo" 6214:. Some would describe the phonology of Portuguese as a blend of 6043:. Related names can be found in other languages, such as Arabic 5988:
the fruit has been named after them. Some examples are Albanian
5309:
Map showing the historical retreat and expansion of Portuguese (
3629:
whose words the "s" are in the middle of the word, as examples;
1842:
Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China
779:, it is also the second-most spoken language, after Spanish, in 16770: 16116: 16039: 16019: 15751: 14442: 13356: 12764:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Portuguese (Portugal)" 11002: 8918:[Portuguese Language Museum open to the public on 20]. 8254: 6359: 6282:
An early form of Galician-Portuguese was already spoken in the
6128: 5910: 5338: 5078: 5024: 4936: 4914: 4816:('military expedition') and in the case of Resende, the prefix 4549: 3775: 3584: 3432: 3431:
instead, related to the European Portuguese dialects spoken in
3316: 2978:, then spoken in almost all of what is now São Paulo, a former 2879: 2639: 2529: 2482: 2341: 2328:
Multilingual signage in Chinese, Portuguese and English at the
2227: 1895: 1537: 1505: 1370: 1366: 1275: 1267: 1263: 1215: 1165: 961:, Old Portuguese or Old Galician, of the northwestern medieval 784: 687: 683: 679: 321: 316: 85: 12886:
Bases Temáticas – Língua, Literatura e Cultura Portuguesa
11702:
Selected Proceedings of the 8th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium
11691:
Lipski, John M (2006). Face, Timothy L; Klee, Carol A (eds.).
7620:. It often shows who is expected to perform a certain action. 6194:
Portuguese phonology is similar to those of languages such as
5588:
rivers (or more exactly Eo and Frexulfe rivers). It is called
3987: 3958: 3929: 3900: 3845: 3816: 3780: 3411:
and southern regions of São Paulo state, encompassing most of
3242: 3105: 2707: 2686: 2669: 2625: 2612: 2595: 2578: 2561: 2536: 2519: 2367:
Since 1991, when Brazil signed into the economic community of
1886:
Portuguese is a mandatory subject in the school curriculum in
755:
With approximately 260 million native speakers and 35 million
16034: 16007: 13361: 12969:(in Portuguese). Porto Alegre – Rio Grande do Sul: EDIPUCRS. 12164:(in Portuguese). Lisboa: IN-CM. pp. 9–16. Archived from 11007:[Revisiting palatalization in Brazilian Portuguese]. 9515: 9457: 9364:"Japão: imigrantes brasileiros popularizam língua portuguesa" 7254: 6406: 6378: 6335: 6295: 5844: 5644: 5017:('to dance like a wizard') (Angola). From South America came 4833: 4627: 3924: 3869: 3319:
has a more European flavor in phonology, prosody and grammar.
3051: 2930:(most markedly on the countryside and rural areas); southern 2696: 2663: 2588: 2399: 2391: 2387: 2333: 1837: 1729: 1271: 1219: 1105: 1045: 906: 859: 848: 719: 410: 372: 141: 12580: 12578: 12538: 11734:"A Fala Galego-Portuguesa da Baixa-Limia e Castro Laboreiro" 9809:
Amendments to the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly
9777:"Tratado Constitutivo de la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas" 7311:
Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990 § Changes
6330:
Chart of monophthongs of the Portuguese of Lisbon, with its
12701:"Insular Portuguese Pronunciation:Alleged Breton Influence" 12486:"Confronting the European Portuguese low vowel distinction" 10184:[Uruguayan government makes Portuguese mandatory]. 9633: 9583:"The Portuguese Experience: The Case of Goa, Daman and Diu" 9033:"Special Eurobarometer 243 "Europeans and their Languages"" 8362:
Bernard Comrie, Encarta Encyclopedia (1998); George Weber,
7026::122) proposes that Portuguese possesses labio-velar stops 2403: 836: 12874:, by Maria Ema Tarracha Ferreira, Ulisseia 1998, 3rd ed., 11922:[D. Dinis: the King the Language and the Kingdom] 11694:
Too close for comfort? the genesis of 'portuñol/portunhol'
9130: 9099:
Revista de Crioulos de Base Lexical Portuguesa e Espanhola
8422: 8420: 8364:"Top Languages: The World's 10 Most Influential Languages" 8084:
Global Portuguese: Linguistic Ideologies in Late Modernity
8053:"Breves considerações sobre o legado das línguas célticas" 4642:
words to the lexicon. Many of these words are related to:
2752:(greater than 80%), but with near exclusive third person ( 1348:
Countries and regions where Portuguese has official status
639:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
13487: 12966:
Introdução a estudos de fonologia do português brasileiro
12575: 10923:[About pre-tonic vowels in Brazilian Portuguese] 9025: 4564:
heritage, and the later participation of Portugal in the
3669:(EALMG), "Draft of a Linguistic Atlas for Minas Gerais". 2800:(76% to 95%) with reasonable frequency of second person ( 1942: 1310: 1032:, used in its classical orthography, were adopted by the 30:"Português" redirects here. For the cigarette brand, see 13300:
Cook, Manuela. On the Portuguese Forms of Address: From
11394:"On the Italian, Latin, and Portuguese Temporal Systems" 10182:"Governo uruguaio torna obrigatório ensino do português" 9008:
Migrants and Identity in Japan and Brazil: The Nikkeijin
8916:"Museu da Língua Portuguesa aberto ao público no dia 20" 7065:
in the Lisbon accent is a voiced uvular fricative trill
6023: 5895:(spoken in Suriname). It left a strong influence on the 5791:
Bengali vocabulary § Portuguese (পর্তুগিজ Pôrtugij)
4579:
A number of Portuguese words can still be traced to the
3088: 2650:
Map of Angola 2024 - native majority Portuguese speakers
1422:) and of several international organizations, including 12996:
Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995). "European Portuguese".
11278:"'Por onde tá "o tu"?' no português falado no Maranhão" 10737:] (in Portuguese). Jorge Zahar Editora. p. 24. 10475:"The World Factbook – Field Listing – Population – CIA" 8417: 5300: 4603:
of northwestern Iberia, and are very often shared with
3146:
is a more specific term referring to the accent of the
2513:
Percentage of worldwide Portuguese speakers per country
1056:
created the first Portuguese university in Lisbon (the
15227: 9413: 9411: 8399:"Gramática Histórica do latim ao português brasileiro" 8374:
from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
7194:, they may even be devoiced to , , and (for example, 4599:. Most of these words derived from the Hispano-Celtic 3238:
and the area surrounding it have a distinctive accent.
2449:, an international organization formed essentially by 12373:"Ethnologic Map of Pre-Roman Iberia (circa 200 B.C.)" 12158:
Studies in Galician-Portuguese Historical Linguistics
12113:
E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies
12064:
Ostergren, Robert C. & Le Bosse, Mathias (2011).
11005:"Revisitando a palatalização no português brasileiro" 10921:"Sobre as vogais pré-tônicas no Português Brasileiro" 8883:
Poddar, Prem; Patke, Rajeev S.; Jensen, Lars (2008).
8022:"The Origin and Formation of The Portuguese Language" 6095:, literally "(the) Portuguese (one)", in contrast to 5779:
Hindustani etymology § Loanwords from Portuguese
4917:, India, listing three Portuguese-language newspapers 4618:
In the 5th century, the Iberian Peninsula (the Roman
4568:, it has a relevant number of words from the ancient 4538:
Associação Comercial, Industrial e Agrícola de Bissau
4038: 2794: Decidedly predominant to near exclusive use of 2402:
slowed down, the use of Portuguese was in decline in
722:. Portuguese-speaking people or nations are known as 15919: 11603:
how well do spanish speakers understand portuguese?.
11419: 11417: 11088:[MEC, "wrong Portuguese" and linguistics…]. 9513: 9455: 7673: 7174:
In northern and central Portugal, the voiced stops (
3725:
has three different forms in Brazil (verb "to see":
13060: 12844:
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
12662: 12471: 12452: 12450: 12348:"Comparative Grammar of Latin 34: Language Contact" 12057: 11242: 10559:"Promising future for Portuguese language in China" 9828: 9826: 9824: 9408: 8050: 3761: 3525:than the dialect commonly spoken in most of Goiás, 3487:variant spoken in an area roughly corresponding to 1881: 1075:. By the mid-16th century, Portuguese had become a 111:: 35 million ~ 40 milion (2024) Total: 300 million 12153:Estudos de Linguística Histórica Galego-Portuguesa 12095:Handbook of the International Phonetic Association 11576: 9867:"Languages in Europe – Official EU Languages" 9520:(25th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. 9462:(25th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. 8865: 7776:Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990 7304:Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990 3499:sociolect, and the educated speech (in Portuguese 2986:of Brazil before the 18th century, brought by the 2456: 1143:(learned words borrowed from Latin also came from 13195:Audio samples of the dialects from outside Europe 13061:Mateus, Maria Helena; d'Andrade, Ernesto (2000). 12998:Journal of the International Phonetic Association 12935:Journal of the International Phonetic Association 12409:(in Portuguese). Instituto Camões. Archived from 11414: 10493: 10271:"Congo will start to teach Portuguese in schools" 9719:"Official languages of Mercosul as agreed in the 9691:Government of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea. 9418:Carin Pretorius – Developed CEIT Development CC. 8882: 8392: 8390: 7870: 5266:('wet-cured ham') (in Portugal, in contrast with 2848:being predominantly accompanied by third person ( 2782:being nearly always accompanied by third person ( 2352:and the language has, according to the newspaper 1251:was charged with promoting and ensuring respect. 18105: 12929:Barbosa, Plínio A.; Albano, Eleonora C. (2004). 12588: 12447: 11398:Tense and Aspect: From Semantics to Morphosyntax 11086:"O MEC, o "português errado" e a linguistica..." 9821: 7647: 5771:Loan words in Sri Lankan Tamil § Portuguese 5508: 5499: 5493: 5261: 5255: 5225: 5219: 5213: 5207: 5198: 5192: 5186: 5180: 5174: 5168: 5132: 5126: 5120: 5114: 5108: 5102: 5096: 5072: 5062: 5038: 5032: 5018: 5012: 5002: 4996: 4986: 4941: 4922: 4893: 4883: 4873: 4863: 4767: 4757: 4747: 4731: 4725: 4709: 4699: 4689: 4662: 4656: 4650: 4489: 4483: 4477: 4463: 4457: 4451: 3753: 3747: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3720: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3689: 3307:. Before the 20th century, most people from the 2849: 2843: 2837: 2831: 2819: 2813: 2801: 2795: 2783: 2777: 2771: 2765: 2753: 2747: 2735: 2728:The status of second person pronouns in Brazil: 2472: 2466: 2409: 2336:. Portuguese is a co-official language in Macau. 1206:Geographical distribution of Portuguese speakers 1159: 727: 661: 51: 11773:(in Galician). 20 February 2009. Archived from 11426:"Celtic Influences in English: A Re-Evaluation" 11423: 11320: 11118:[MEC primer teaches Portuguese error]. 8739: 8282:"20 Most Spoken Languages in the World in 2023" 7846:Government of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea 5725: 5580:, along the frontier with Galicia, between the 5522: 5462:Portuguese and other Romance languages (namely 17588: 13129:. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press. 13034:(3rd ed.). Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag. 12106: 11728: 11726: 11614: 11043:Sibila - Revista de Poesia e Crítica Literária 9267:(in Portuguese). Government of Andorra. 2019. 8469:. Arkeotavira.com. Retrieved 14 November 2011. 8460:Ethnologic Map of Pre-Roman Iberia (c. 200 BC) 8387: 6306:may have evolved under the influence of local 6131:with varying amounts of Portuguese influence. 5572:and the westernmost parts of the provinces of 3667:Esboço de um Atlas Linguístico de Minas Gerais 3463:dialects and those whose speech most resemble 2996:, closely related to its northern counterpart 2942:. Depending on the vision of what constitutes 17728: 17574: 17142: 15213: 15040: 14953: 14529: 13656: 13542: 13518: 12995: 12928: 12686: 12532: 12520: 12456: 12263: 12205: 12029: 12027: 11391: 11275: 10599:"Audio samples of the dialects of Portuguese" 10477:. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from 7265:, nasalization, and other sound changes. The 7198:at the end of a sentence may be pronounced ). 5938:Dictionarium Anamiticum, Lusitanum et Latinum 5249: 5243: 5237: 5231: 4855:. They are often recognizable by the initial 1294:(550,000 in 2019, learning + mother tongue), 1214:Sign in Japanese, Portuguese, and English in 921:, quickly adopted late Roman culture and the 17695:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 12467: 12465: 11862:"O galego e o português são a mesma língua/" 11152:(in Portuguese). 26 May 2011. Archived from 11092:(in Portuguese). 17 May 2011. Archived from 10273:(in Portuguese). 4 June 2010. Archived from 10240:(in Portuguese). 26 May 2009. Archived from 10214:(in Portuguese). 24 May 2009. Archived from 9959:"Population by Country (2022) - Worldometer" 9634:Factoria Audiovisual S.R.L. (20 July 2010). 6633:Consonant phonemes of Portuguese (Portugal) 5925:rituals. The Japanese–Portuguese dictionary 5599:The Fala language, known by its speakers as 5162: 5156: 5150: 5144: 5138: 4498:also has this tense, but uses the -s- form. 3716:, followed by the third person conjugation. 17109:languages with more than 5 million speakers 15054: 12514: 11723: 11392:Giorgi, Alessandra; Pianesi, Fabio (1997). 11061: 10728: 9535:. Cambridge University Press. p. 346. 8891:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 431. 8343:"The World's 10 most influential languages" 7741:International Portuguese Language Institute 6403:International Portuguese Language Institute 5980:were presumably the first to introduce the 4023:Differences between dialects are mostly of 3343:is the hinterland sociolect of much of the 2812: Balanced você/tu distribution, being 843:in 216 BC, they brought with them the 771:. Being the most widely spoken language in 18129:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 17735: 17721: 17581: 17567: 17149: 17135: 16692:(mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance) 15220: 15206: 15047: 15033: 14960: 14946: 14536: 14522: 13663: 13649: 13549: 13535: 12699:Rogers, Francis Millet (20 January 2024). 12264:Alinei, Mario; Benozzo, Francesco (2008). 12024: 11990: 11794: 11792: 11686: 11684: 11424:Filppula, Markku; Klemola, Juhani (2014). 11116:"Cartilha do MEC ensina erro de Português" 10961:Aragão, Maria do Socorro Silva de (2009). 10528:"talking Portuguese; China and East Timor" 10265: 10263: 10261: 10259: 10068: 10066: 9988: 9986: 9984: 9203: 9176: 9089: 8779:"Comentando sobre origens e descendências" 8214:"Potencial Económico da Língua Portuguesa" 8134:"The Different Languages of South America" 7996:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 5941:(Annamite–Portuguese–Latin dictionary) of 5747:List of English words of Portuguese origin 5333:or pink/purple represent languages deemed 4762:('to squeeze, quash, grind') from Suebian 4427:language in many equivalent words such as 2447:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 2443:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights 2386:Although early in the 21st century, after 2371:with other South American nations, namely 2082:Significant minority as a native language 1827:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 1359:Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa 1355:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 1282:(about 25% of the population as of 2021), 1195: 809:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 591: 13556: 13182:Audio samples of the dialects of Portugal 13093: 12946: 12729: 12601: 12462: 11615:Ginsburgh, Victor; Weber, Shlomo (2011). 11293: 8850:Miguel de Cervantes: His Life & Works 8705:"Identidade cultural: língua e soberania" 8487: 7958: 7581:elected president, I will change the law. 5751:Loan words in Malayalam § Portuguese 4423:. This also occurs in the minority Swiss 3226:(popularly and often pejoratively called 2818:exclusively accompanied by third person ( 1444:Economic Community of West African States 897:, the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by 801:Economic Community of West African States 783:, one of the 10 most spoken languages in 710:, and has co-official language status in 13346:) is being considered for deletion. See 13126:A Grammar of Spoken Brazilian Portuguese 12547:"Sobre os Ditongos do Português Europeu" 12544: 12235:"As origens do romance galego-português" 10803: 10501:"Portuguese language gaining popularity" 9953: 9951: 9609:"1.500 pessoas estudam português em Goa" 9530: 9390:"4.6% according to the 2001 census, see" 9138:Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics 9038:. European Commission. 2006. p. 6. 9005:Carvalho, Daniela de (1 February 2013). 9004: 8314:"Top 11 Most Spoken Languages in Africa" 8081: 7830:https://www.ethnologue.com/language/por/ 6413:Vowel phonemes of Portuguese (Portugal) 6396: 6364: 6341: 6325: 6290:of northwestern Iberia. The first known 6178: 6158: 6104: 5729: 5316: 5304: 5206:Examples from other European languages: 4904: 4519: 4511: 3656: 3087: 2896: 2874: 2723: 2653: 2645: 2508: 2500: 2323: 1342: 1209: 971: 18119:Languages attested from the 9th century 17742: 17156: 14543: 13670: 13235:Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa 13024: 12794:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 12674: 12640:Modern Portuguese (A Reference Grammar) 12483: 12477: 12229: 12227: 11893:. Na typ. de M. P. de Lacerda. p.  11789: 11681: 10735:Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology 10556: 10256: 10118: 10092: 10063: 10038: 10012: 9981: 9920: 9918: 8910: 8908: 8863: 8702: 7871:Gutiérrez Bottaro, Silvia Etel (2014). 7057:, and the original pronunciation as an 4576:from other languages around the world. 1226:community due to return immigration of 1092:efforts, which led to the formation of 997:, which had by then assumed reign over 633:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 14: 18106: 14967: 13122: 12698: 12668: 12637: 12625: 12407:História da Língua Portuguesa em linha 12313: 12239:História da Língua Portuguesa em linha 11966:"Jesuits' Journeys in Chinese Studies" 11957: 11917: 11868:from the original on 21 September 2021 11817:from the original on 21 September 2021 11690: 11496: 11478:from the original on 24 September 2018 11276:Béliche Alves, Cibelle Corrêa (2012). 10960: 10718:from the original on 22 December 2012. 10653: 9750:"Official statute of the organization" 9206:"Portuguese in Africa – Guinea-Bissau" 8872:. Philosophical Library. p. 1188. 8670: 8324:from the original on 18 September 2021 7986: 7984: 7982: 7279:The spelling of Portuguese is largely 5795:Thai language § Portuguese-origin 5137:('street'), respectively, from French 4472:, it also retains the Latin synthetic 1862:The combined population of the entire 1457: 1448:Southern African Development Community 1161:a última flor do Lácio, inculta e bela 736:that evolved from several dialects of 18063:Geographic distribution of Portuguese 17716: 17562: 17130: 15201: 15028: 14941: 14517: 13644: 13530: 13517: 12962: 12613: 12584: 12196:. (PDF) . Retrieved 14 November 2011. 12131:from the original on 27 February 2021 11886: 11798: 11747:from the original on 13 November 2018 11711:from the original on 16 December 2008 11574: 11531: 11049:from the original on 22 December 2012 10701: 10525: 9948: 9936:from the original on 16 November 2015 9699:from the original on 27 February 2020 9426:from the original on 22 December 2012 9366:(in Portuguese). 2008. Archived from 9112:from the original on 24 December 2020 9045:from the original on 21 February 2007 8843: 8522: 8396: 8294:from the original on 21 November 2023 8262:from the original on 17 November 2023 8144:from the original on 12 December 2023 7852:from the original on 26 December 2018 7657:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 7640:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 7226:These paragraphs are an excerpt from 7023: 6637: 4961:('chicken-soup, piece of cake') from 4736:('pride', 'proud') from Old Germanic 4017:Dialetos Portugueses do Uruguai (DPU) 3455:) and much of its metropolitan area, 1717:0.1% as a native language; 50% total 1653:0.3% as a native language, 20% total 1428:Organization of Ibero-American States 1266:(400,275 people in the 2006 census), 1100:in many parts of Asia (from the word 310:Ten countries (Nine sovereign states) 69: 63: 13368: 13271: 13247:Novo Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa 13094:Rodrigues, Marisandra Costa (2012). 13048:from the original on 12 January 2023 12955:Bergström, Magnus & Reis, Neves 12642:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 12502:from the original on 21 January 2022 12224: 12149: 11920:"D. Dinis: o Rei a Língua e o Reino" 11448:from the original on 20 January 2024 11343:from the original on 11 October 2017 11019:from the original on 3 February 2014 10942:from the original on 11 October 2017 10844: 10747: 10729:Callou, Dinah; Leite, Yonne (2001). 10443:"Portuguese language in Timor Leste" 9915: 9642:from the original on 4 November 2011 9396:from the original on 13 January 2021 8905: 8789:from the original on 13 October 2022 8756:from the original on 13 October 2022 8637: 8563:from the original on 5 November 2022 8230:from the original on 24 October 2021 8189:"La langue espagnole (présentation)" 8114:from the original on 26 January 2021 8086:. New York: Routledge. p. 129. 8002:from the original on 7 February 2017 7918:historiadelaslenguasenuruguay.edu.uy 6116: 5921:, Portuguese is used for prayers in 5379:Comparison of Spanish and Portuguese 5301:Classification and related languages 4442:The Portuguese language is the only 3731:, in the traditional second person, 3665:, according to the scientific study 3423:also speak this variant (many speak 3355:, or what by times is described as " 3004:as being strongly associated with a 2863: 2418:, an official language of NATO, the 2344:, Portuguese is the fastest-growing 2313:Small minority as a second language 2280:Small minority as a second language 2247:Small minority as a second language 2214:Small minority as a second language 2181:Small minority as a native language 2148:Small minority as a native language 1813:65% as a native language, 99% total 1749:0.5% as a native language, 3% total 1685:Small minority as a second language 1589:17% as a native language, 44% total 1557:40% as a native language, 60% total 775:and the most-spoken language in the 426:Numerous international organizations 17930:Portuguese language Outside Brazil: 13242:Aurélio Buarque de Holanda Ferreira 13031:Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk 12774:from the original on 9 January 2022 12241:(in Portuguese). Instituto Camões. 12107:Luján Martínez, Eugenio R. (2006). 11945:from the original on 16 August 2016 10918: 10885:Aragão, Maria do Socorro Silva de. 10702:Leite, Cândida Mara Britto (2010). 10162:from the original on 9 January 2017 9969:from the original on 5 January 2018 9926:"IBGE | Projeção da população" 9869:. EUROPA web portal. Archived from 9725:. Actrav.itcilo.org. Archived from 9322:. Statistics Canada. Archived from 9179:"Portuguese in Africa – Mozambique" 9131:Angola: Language Situation (2005). 8785:(in Portuguese). 17 November 2016. 8703:Niskier, Arnaldo (16 August 2004). 8581: 7979: 7555:Portuguese makes use of the future 7041:The consonant hereafter denoted as 5783:Gujarati language § Portuguese 5759:Japanese words of Portuguese origin 5357:as not only closely related but as 4862:, and include common words such as 4047:, preserves the stressed vowels of 3122:and neighboring eastern regions of 2746: Decidedly predominant use of 2695: – Regions of the district of 2107: 2041: 2008: 1805: 1802:Portuguese in São Tomé and Príncipe 1781:2% as a native language, 48% total 1613: 1517: 24: 18174:Languages of São Tomé and Príncipe 17113:Languages between parentheses are 13143:from the original on 27 April 2024 13081:from the original on 27 April 2024 12983:from the original on 27 April 2024 12922:Phonology, orthography and grammar 12800:from the original on 16 March 2021 12295:from the original on 17 March 2012 12245:from the original on 31 March 2020 11801:"Galician: How to Kill a Language" 11639:from the original on 27 April 2024 11556:from the original on 27 April 2024 10884: 10731:Iniciação à Fonética e à Fonologia 10609:from the original on 27 April 2015 10557:Bilrero, António (15 March 2018). 10367:from the original on 14 April 2021 10363:(in Portuguese). 18 January 2017. 10188:(in Portuguese). 5 November 2007. 10152:"Statistics Portugal - Web Portal" 9893:"Statistics Portugal - Web Portal" 9517:Ethnologue: Languages of the World 9484:from the original on 26 March 2022 9459:Ethnologue: Languages of the World 9344:from the original on 26 March 2022 9274:from the original on 22 March 2022 9185:from the original on 28 April 2005 9092:"As Línguas de S. Tomé e Príncipe" 8986:from the original on 10 April 2022 8956:from the original on 16 March 2016 7998:(in Portuguese). 7 February 2017. 7914:"Historia lingüística del Uruguay" 7798: 5775:Sri Lanka Indo-Portuguese language 5704:Grammatica da Lingoagem Portuguesa 4526:Bissau-Guinean Presidential Palace 4516:Linguistic map of Pre-Roman Iberia 4039:Characterization and peculiarities 3671:Federal University of Juiz de Fora 2888:Real Gabinete Português de Leitura 2591:and Viana do Castelo (hinterland). 2305: 2272: 2239: 2206: 2173: 2140: 2074: 1773: 1741: 1709: 1677: 1645: 1581: 1549: 1332: 889:Between AD 409 and AD 711, as the 825:History of the Portuguese language 787:, and an official language of the 25: 18210: 17548:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 16993:(unknown further classification) 13350:to help reach a consensus. › 13329: 12370: 12109:"The language(s) of the Callaeci" 11963: 11887:Silva, António de Morais (1823). 11669:from the original on 2 March 2023 11659:"Similar languages to Portuguese" 11302:from the original on 30 June 2017 11126:from the original on 12 June 2012 11039:"Learn about Portuguese language" 10845:Maia, Viviane dos Santos (2012). 10826:from the original on 8 March 2019 10455:from the original on 16 June 2022 9903:from the original on 12 July 2018 9756:from the original on 28 June 2012 9672:from the original on 12 June 2018 9611:. Revistamacau.com. 2 June 2014. 9071:from the original on 29 June 2011 8717:from the original on 9 April 2022 8537:from the original on 8 March 2019 8437:"Comparative Grammar of Latin 34" 8405:from the original on 11 July 2022 8353:today means above all Brazilian." 8063:from the original on 21 June 2021 8028:. Duke University. Archived from 7756:List of Portuguese-language poets 7573:eleito presidente, mudarei a lei. 6962: 6942: 6935: 6914: 6904: 6895: 6874: 6865: 6858: 6851: 6831: 6824: 6817: 6794: 6787: 6778: 6771: 6753: 6746: 6737: 6730: 6705: 6698: 6691: 6598: 6580: 6573: 6566: 6557: 6543: 6536: 6527: 6520: 6506: 6499: 6489: 6481: 6474: 6245:, which some linguists regard as 6123:Portuguese-based creole languages 5965:. During 1583–88 Italian Jesuits 5663:, near the border with Portugal. 5659:) in the autonomous community of 4752:('to craft, record, graft') from 4581:pre-Roman inhabitants of Portugal 3641:, as well as the one observed in 2902:Museum of the Portuguese Language 2394:and immigration of Brazilians of 1243:. Portuguese is mentioned in the 1186:Museum of the Portuguese Language 761:fifth-most spoken native language 682:. It is the official language of 14844:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 14614:Democratic Republic of the Congo 13496: 13479: 13462: 13445: 13428: 13411: 13394: 13377: 12786: 12756: 12723: 12692: 12680: 12656: 12631: 12619: 12607: 12595: 12526: 12417: 12405:[Historical phonetics]. 12395: 12364: 12340: 12307: 12257: 12206:Cabeza Quiles, Fernando (2014). 12199: 12175: 12143: 12100: 12088: 12045:from the original on 15 May 2013 11911: 11890:Diccionario da lingua portugueza 11880: 11854: 11846: 11829: 11759: 11651: 11608: 11568: 11525: 11490: 11460: 11385: 11373:from the original on 10 May 2023 11355: 11321:Loregian-Penkal, Loremi (2005). 11314: 11269: 11236: 11224: 11194: 11168: 11138: 11108: 11078: 11031: 10996: 10954: 10912: 10878: 10838: 10797: 10771: 10741: 10722: 10695: 10654:Ferraz, Irineu da Silva (2005). 10647: 10621: 10591: 10573: 10135: 10109: 10083: 10055: 10029: 10003: 9242:from the original on 18 May 2019 7815: 7690: 7676: 7559:, which developed from medieval 7049:; however, a pronunciation as a 5458:, is referred to in Portuguese). 5321:Map showing mostly contemporary 5007:('tropical wasp') (Brazil), and 4530:Portuguese colonial architecture 4004: 3986: 3975: 3957: 3946: 3928: 3917: 3899: 3888: 3862: 3844: 3833: 3815: 3804: 3779: 3768: 3762:Other countries and dependencies 3241: 3104: 2926: – Spoken in the states of 2706: 2685: 2668: 2624: 2611: 2608:– Central Portugal (hinterland). 2594: 2577: 2560: 2535: 2518: 2306: 2286: 2273: 2253: 2240: 2220: 2207: 2187: 2174: 2154: 2141: 2121: 2108: 2088: 2075: 2055: 2042: 2022: 2009: 1989: 1882:Portuguese as a foreign language 1806: 1787: 1774: 1755: 1742: 1723: 1710: 1691: 1678: 1659: 1646: 1627: 1614: 1595: 1582: 1563: 1550: 1531: 1518: 1499: 1249:Pan South African Language Board 1024:in France. The Occitan digraphs 767:in the world, surpassed only by 11535:Variation and Change in Spanish 11009:Revista de Estudos da Linguagem 10893:(in Portuguese). Archived from 10629:"Nheengatu and caipira dialect" 10550: 10519: 10467: 10435: 10423:from the original on 1 May 2021 10419:(in Portuguese). 22 July 2019. 10405: 10379: 10349: 10319: 10307:from the original on 1 May 2021 10303:(in Portuguese). 23 June 2016. 10289: 10230: 10204: 10192:from the original on 1 May 2021 10174: 10144: 9885: 9859: 9801: 9768: 9741: 9711: 9684: 9654: 9627: 9615:from the original on 1 May 2021 9601: 9575: 9549: 9524: 9496: 9466: 9438: 9382: 9356: 9330: 9312: 9300:from the original on 7 May 2021 9286: 9254: 9224: 9212:from the original on 1 May 2021 9197: 9170: 9155: 9124: 9083: 9065:"Portuguese language in Brazil" 9057: 8998: 8968: 8938: 8926:from the original on 1 May 2021 8922:(in Portuguese). 8 March 2006. 8876: 8857: 8837: 8818:(in Portuguese). Archived from 8804: 8771: 8733: 8696: 8664: 8640:"História da língua portuguesa" 8631: 8618: 8575: 8549: 8516: 8481: 8472: 8453: 8429: 8377: 8356: 8336: 8306: 8274: 8250:"World Portuguese Language Day" 8242: 8206: 8181: 8156: 8126: 8100: 8075: 8051:Bittencourt de Oliveira, João. 7967:from the original on 7 May 2021 7552:since no repetition is implied. 6109:Participating countries of the 5767:Portuguese loanwords in Sinhala 5507:), and of Portugal with Spain ( 5057:, respectively (two species of 4446:that preserves the clitic case 3661:Linguistic map of the state of 3327: – Variants spoken around 3066:, it has a very characteristic 3032:but is especially prevalent in 2457:Dialects, accents and varieties 2420:Organization of American States 1674:Portuguese in Equatorial Guinea 1436:Organization of American States 1432:Union of South American Nations 797:Organization of American States 476:Escola Portuguesa de Moçambique 455:Lisbon Academy Class of Letters 18087: 17117:of the language on their left. 16987:(Western Romance-based pidgin) 12638:Perini, Mário Alberto (2002). 11295:10.5433/2237-4876.2012v15n1p13 11122:(in Portuguese). 18 May 2011. 8044: 8014: 7936: 7906: 7864: 7834: 7823: 7632: 7309:This table is an excerpt from 7220: 7204:Phonetically, Portuguese (and 4812:are derived from the Germanic 4239:the preceding vowel: cf. Lat. 2505:Portugal's Portuguese dialects 2115:Minority as a second language 2049:Minority as a second language 936:remaining Christian population 13: 1: 18199:Subject–verb–object languages 13335: 12824:História da Lingua Portuguesa 12734:. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 11430:Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 10804:Monteiro, José Lemos (2000). 10115:, 2017 (L1), 2021 census (L2) 9807:General Assembly of the OAS, 9638:. Guineaecuatorialpress.com. 9585:. Rjmacau.com. Archived from 9533:Language Diversity in the USA 9480:(Report) (in Italian). 2019. 8596:10.5699/portstudies.31.2.0153 8413:– via www.academia.edu. 7786: 7020:the vowel that precedes it: . 6627: 5984:in Europe, in several modern 5945:(1651) introduced the modern 5568:region in a western strip in 5539:galego-português baixo-limiao 5001:('youngest child') (Brazil), 4501: 4363:("reason") with Modern Port. 3673:, 1977. The blue zone speaks 3597:region, namely: Southwestern 2410:Current status and importance 2330:Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge 1941:) first language speakers in 1840:is one of the two autonomous 938:continued to speak a form of 831:Will of Afonso II of Portugal 672:Indo-European language family 467:Academia Brasileira de Letras 92:, and other locations in the 12663:Mateus & d'Andrade (2000 12472:Mateus & d'Andrade (2000 12324:10.1007/978-94-009-2540-3_10 12208:A toponimia celta de Galicia 11930:(in Portuguese) (2): 17–36. 11282:Signum: Estudos da Linguagem 10977:(1): 163–184. Archived from 10631:. Sosaci.org. Archived from 9559:. Colaco.net. Archived from 9557:"Portuguese Language in Goa" 8950:International Business Times 7791: 7624:"It is better to go back", 7612:according to its subject in 7103:Guttural R § Portuguese 6148: 5726:Influence on other languages 5709:In the kingdom of Portugal, 5523:Galician-Portuguese in Spain 5286:('Castilian'), from Spanish 3605:and throughout the State of 3553:that make it differing from 3493:Portuguese royal family fled 3182:into Portuguese, of obscure 3138:is sometimes referred to as 2982:in most of the contemporary 2734: Near exclusive use of 1245:Constitution of South Africa 882:prefix, seen in terms like " 7: 17590:Languages of South America 16984:Mediterranean Lingua Franca 13067:. Oxford University Press. 13064:The Phonology of Portuguese 11400:. Oxford University Press. 11204:[What is? Amazon]. 8864:Shipley, Joseph T. (1946). 7771:Portuguese language in Asia 7669: 7599:older, you will understand. 7542:Tenho tentado falar contigo 7095:voiceless glottal fricative 6624:and sometimes centralized. 6228:languages of northern Italy 6024: 5811:to many languages, such as 5270:'dry-cured ham' from Latin 3737:, in the third person, and 3611:Peru-Bolivian Confederation 3479: – Not a dialect, but 3279:, and other that goes from 3251: – more marked in the 3130:formed in these previously 2718:Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro 2496: 2109: 2043: 2010: 1851:, a former British colony). 1807: 1642:Portuguese in Guinea-Bissau 1615: 1519: 1290:(10.7% or 636,000 people), 10: 18215: 18154:Languages of Guinea-Bissau 16686:(mixed Portuguese–Spanish) 15712:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata 15506:Central−Southern Calabrian 13204:– Instituto Camões website 13191:– Instituto Camões website 13178:– Instituto Camões website 13165:- Instituto Camões website 12816: 12687:Barbosa & Albano (2004 12533:Barbosa & Albano (2004 12316:The Null Subject Parameter 11623:Princeton University Press 11540:Cambridge University Press 10758:Museu da Língua Portuguesa 9204:A. D. Medeiros, Adelardo. 9177:A. D. Medeiros, Adelardo. 9090:Hagemeijer, Tjerk (2009). 8868:Encyclopedia of Literature 8638:de Assis, Maria Cristina. 7591:mais velho, vais entender. 7520: 7516: 7308: 7269:was abolished by the last 7225: 7099:voiceless uvular fricative 7055:voiceless uvular fricative 6391:Instituto Menezes Bragança 6171:Sara, a native speaker of 6152: 6120: 5744: 5526: 5454:, language of the Iberian 5383:Portuguese belongs to the 5368: 5230:('barrack'), from Italian 4991:('head caress') (Brazil), 4888:('warehouse') from المخزن 4542:Praça dos Heróis Nacionais 4505: 4468:(I'll contact them). Like 3876:(Damanese Portuguese) and 3643:dialect of the north coast 3601:, including the region of 3587:and its metropolitan area. 3467:and European ones, called 3401:depending on the location. 3198:(but not prevalent in the 2854:-like) verbal conjugation. 2824:-like) verbal conjugation. 2806:-like) verbal conjugation. 2788:-like) verbal conjugation. 2758:-like) verbal conjugation. 2340:According to estimates by 2307: 2274: 2241: 2208: 2175: 2142: 2137:Portuguese in South Africa 2076: 1775: 1743: 1711: 1679: 1647: 1583: 1551: 1336: 1199: 828: 822: 818: 450:Lisbon Academy of Sciences 29: 18055: 17975: 17941: 17794: 17750: 17669: 17596: 17535: 17487: 17449: 17164: 17091: 17075: 17026: 16975: 16899: 16703: 16676: 16625: 16477: 16363: 16309: 16290: 16241: 15908: 15661: 15652: 15613: 15493: 15378: 15367: 15278: 15240: 15174: 15083: 15062: 14996: 14975: 14857: 14832: 14551: 14420: 14394: 14381:Paulista General Language 14358: 14283: 14255: 14222: 14199: 14121: 14088: 13980: 13947: 13874: 13836: 13748: 13739: 13699: 13678: 13622: 13606: 13580: 13564: 13524: 13519:Links to related articles 13010:10.1017/S0025100300005223 12959:Editorial Notícias, 2004. 12948:10.1017/S0025100304001756 12908:The Catholic Encyclopedia 12856:10 September 2019 at the 12730:Squartini, Mario (1998). 12589: 11918:Osório, Jorge A. (1993). 11799:Moniz, Alexandre (2021). 11585:Columbia University Press 11243:Viviane Maia dos Santos. 11045:. Sibila. 25 April 2009. 10748:Castilho, Ataliba T. de. 8672:Funari, Pedro Paulo Abreu 8370:(Vol. 2, December 1997). 7994:[Member States]. 7736:Galician Reintegrationism 7462: 7403: 7344: 7331: 7328: 7325: 7322: 7192:final-obstruent devoicing 7186:) are usually lenited to 7091:voiceless velar fricative 7007:nasal palatal approximant 6970: 6954: 6948: 6882: 6871: 6837: 6804: 6717: 6711: 6685: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6644: 6639: 6606: 6595: 6533: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6417: 6321: 6212:Southern Italian dialects 5947:orthography of Vietnamese 5371:Iberian Romance languages 4898:('olive oil') from الزيت 4828:origin include Henrique, 4784:influence also exists in 4263:("good"), Old Portuguese 3359:", often correlated with 2915: 2319: 1957:, and other areas due to 1825: 1621:95% as a native language 1525:95% as a native language 1300:American Community Survey 1034:orthography of Portuguese 1022:poetry of the troubadours 1004:In the first part of the 619: 590: 576: 560: 544: 528: 510: 492: 487: 435: 386: 302:Official language in 300: 295: 291:Manually coded Portuguese 281: 249: 214: 115: 106:: 260 million (2024) 99: 94:Portuguese-speaking world 77: 59: 50: 45: 34:. For the gold coin, see 15994:North American dialects 15501:Extreme Southern Italian 14599:Central African Republic 13614:Portuguese Sign Language 13348:templates for discussion 13311:Lindley Cintra, Luís F. 13123:Thomas, Earl W. (1974). 12872:Poesia e Prosa Medievais 12828:Instituto Camões website 12545:Carvalho, Joana (2012). 12014:15 December 2022 at the 11367:romansh.romanche.free.fr 9508:31 December 2022 at the 9450:31 December 2022 at the 9340:. Languageknowledge.eu. 9141:(2 ed.). Elsevier. 8624:Jean-Pierre Juge (2001) 7546:*Tens ouvido as últimas? 7345:Different pronunciation 5807:Portuguese has provided 5755:Loan words in Indonesian 4868:('village') from الضيعة 4339:in most cases, cf. Lat. 4033:Portuguese-based creoles 3856:East Timorese Portuguese 3719:Conjugation of verbs in 3533:Arco do desflorestamento 3335:(where it coexists with 3230:, "marsh carioca"), and 3172:Spanish-speaking nations 3150:area by speakers with a 3054:and border regions with 2962:. It is often said that 2439:Médecins sans Frontières 1770:Portuguese in Cape Verde 1706:Portuguese in East Timor 1578:Portuguese in Mozambique 1305:In some parts of former 1020:was the language of the 905:. The occupiers, mainly 668:Western Romance language 18164:Languages of Mozambique 18149:Languages of East Timor 18144:Languages of Cape Verde 15413:Central−Northern Latian 15056:Languages of East Timor 13691:Brazilian Sign Language 13320:9 November 2013 at the 13174:4 February 2012 at the 12833:6 February 2016 at the 12560:(1): 20. Archived from 12192:6 February 2012 at the 12039:University of Melbourne 10919:Lee, Seung Hwa (2006). 10526:Leach, Michael (2007). 10327:"República da Maurícia" 8853:. London: Walter Scott. 8193:www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca 7496:non-geographical names 7051:voiced uvular fricative 6206:is similar to those of 5986:Indo-European languages 5763:List of Malay loanwords 5625:o galego da Estremadura 5476:Ibero-Romance languages 5436:Astur-Leonese languages 5107:('bracket'/'crochet'), 4878:('lettuce') from الخسة 4622:) was conquered by the 4546:Praça do Império square 4176:between them: cf. Lat. 3827:Cape Verdean Portuguese 3099:of Brazilian Portuguese 2992:, interior pioneers of 2886:at the entrance of the 2882:of the Portuguese Poet 2104:Portuguese in Venezuela 2038:Portuguese in Argentina 1959:Portuguese colonization 1196:Geographic distribution 1060:, which later moved to 1044:, who became bishop of 17207:Bosnia and Herzegovina 15717:Gallo-Italic of Sicily 13223:Reference dictionaries 13169:Dialects of Portuguese 12957:Prontuário Ortográfico 12931:"Brazilian Portuguese" 12371:Silva, Luís Fraga da. 11575:Dalby, Andrew (1998). 9721:Protocol of Ouro Preto 9067:. Country Studies US. 8523:Koutantos, Dimitrios. 8488:Corriente, F. (2008). 8397:Bagno, Marcos (2007). 8345:, George Weber, 1997, 7648: 7235:Portuguese orthography 7228:Portuguese orthography 6409: 6394: 6362: 6339: 6241:. There are also five 6191: 6176: 6113: 5742: 5509: 5500: 5494: 5488:/Portunhol, a form of 5366: 5314: 5262: 5256: 5250: 5244: 5238: 5232: 5226: 5220: 5214: 5208: 5199: 5193: 5187: 5181: 5175: 5169: 5163: 5157: 5151: 5145: 5139: 5133: 5127: 5121: 5115: 5109: 5103: 5097: 5073: 5063: 5039: 5033: 5019: 5013: 5003: 4997: 4987: 4942: 4923: 4918: 4894: 4884: 4874: 4864: 4768: 4758: 4748: 4732: 4726: 4710: 4700: 4690: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4634:. As they adopted the 4553: 4517: 4490: 4484: 4478: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4381: 4373: 4365: 4357: 4349: 4341: 4333: 4325: 4317: 4305: 4297: 4289: 4281: 4273: 4265: 4257: 4249: 4241: 4218: 4210: 4202: 4194: 4186: 4178: 4155: 4147: 4139: 4131: 4123: 4115: 4107: 4099: 4091: 4083: 4075: 4067: 4059: 3754: 3748: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3721: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3698:, Pará, among others, 3690: 3686: 3651:Belo Horizonte dialect 3593:— used in the extreme 3489:Greater Rio de Janeiro 3333:the state of São Paulo 3148:Greater Rio de Janeiro 3100: 2908: 2894: 2872: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2820: 2814: 2802: 2796: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2754: 2748: 2736: 2666: 2651: 2514: 2506: 2473: 2467: 2337: 2302:Portuguese in Eswatini 2071:Portuguese in Paraguay 1610:Portuguese in Portugal 1482:Population of country 1350: 1230: 1160: 1069:Portuguese discoveries 985: 728: 662: 657: 621:This article contains 71:[poʁtuˈɡe(j)s] 52: 18184:Languages of Paraguay 18169:Languages of Portugal 18083:Portuguese vocabulary 17831:Florianopolitan/Manês 16204:Poitevin–Saintongeais 14759:São Tomé and Príncipe 14619:Republic of the Congo 14386:Portunhol fronteiriço 13558:Languages of Portugal 13213:21 March 2012 at the 13200:27 April 2015 at the 13187:18 April 2017 at the 12913:26 April 2005 at the 12903:Portuguese literature 12567:on 29 November 2015. 12413:on 22 September 2007. 12360:on 27 September 2007. 11532:Penny, Ralph (2000). 10581:"Português na Europa" 9963:www.worldometers.info 9474:Lingue della Svizzera 8920:Noticiaslusofonas.com 8783:Gazeta Brazilian News 8449:on 27 September 2007. 8221:University of Coimbra 7766:Mozambican Portuguese 7706:Portuguese literature 7271:Orthography Agreement 7241:and makes use of the 7171:in the same contexts. 6400: 6368: 6345: 6329: 6185: 6170: 6108: 5903:Tupi–Guarani language 5891:(spoken in Iran) and 5799:Chittagonian language 5733: 5657:Sa Martín de Trevellu 5653:San Martín de Trevejo 5621:a fala da Estremadura 5615:and in Portuguese as 5365:is not shown either). 5320: 5308: 4908: 4583:, which included the 4523: 4515: 4508:Portuguese vocabulary 3998:São Tomean Portuguese 3983:São Tomé and Príncipe 3969:Mozambican Portuguese 3792:6 August 2020 at the 3660: 3647:Brazilian countryside 3375:Center-Western states 3345:Central-Southern half 3184:Indigenous Amerindian 3091: 3068:syllable-timed rhythm 2976:língua geral paulista 2900: 2878: 2727: 2657: 2649: 2587: – Districts of 2512: 2504: 2474:português continental 2435:Amnesty International 2424:European Space Agency 2327: 2269:Portuguese in Senegal 2170:Portuguese in Namibia 2005:Portuguese in Uruguay 1900:Republic of the Congo 1794:São Tomé and Príncipe 1399:São Tomé and Príncipe 1346: 1213: 1164:("the last flower of 975: 917:who originally spoke 708:São Tomé and Príncipe 674:originating from the 357:São Tomé and Príncipe 32:Português (cigarette) 18189:Languages of Uruguay 18078:Portuguese phonology 17846:North Coast/Cearense 17826:Central Northeastern 17158:Languages of Europe 16013:St. Marys Bay French 15537:Neapolitan–Calabrese 14545:Languages of Africa 13161:10 July 2014 at the 12963:Bisol, Leda (2005). 12484:Christopher, Spahr. 12425:"Delegação da Índia" 12403:"Fonética histórica" 12210:. Noia: Toxosoutos. 12171:on 27 February 2008. 11978:on 24 September 2015 11330:Estudos Lingüísticos 10929:Estudos Lingüísticos 10767:on 22 December 2012. 9164:Portuguese in Africa 9161:Medeiros, Adelardo. 8952:. 22 December 2015. 8465:5 April 2016 at the 8108:"CIA World Factbook" 7721:Brazilian literature 7561:West Iberian Romance 6284:Kingdom of the Suebi 6188:Brazilian Portuguese 6155:Portuguese phonology 6075:. Also, in southern 5994:, Bosnian (archaic) 5978:Portuguese merchants 5684:Ferreira d'Alcântara 5680:Herrera de Alcántara 4981:, for example, came 4970:Atlantic slave trade 4820:comes from Germanic 4570:Hispano-Celtic group 4387:, and their plurals 4097:("stone"); or Port. 3457:Grande Florianópolis 3357:linguistic prejudice 3259:(the dry land after 3178:itself is a Spanish 2551:Alentejan Portuguese 2487:Portuguese in Africa 2236:Portuguese in Zambia 1546:Portuguese in Angola 1514:Portuguese in Brazil 1270:(1,625,000 people), 1222:, which has a large 1096:such as that called 1050:Afonso I of Portugal 864:Hispano-Celtic group 748:, and has kept some 18139:Languages of Brazil 18134:Languages of Angola 18114:Portuguese language 18073:Portuguese diaspora 17744:Portuguese language 17450:States with limited 16365:Galician–Portuguese 15391:Central Marchigiano 14834:States with limited 13672:Languages of Brazil 13364:Portuguese language 13353:Portuguese language 12895:5 June 2014 at the 12840:A Língua Portuguesa 12521:Cruz-Ferreira (1995 12457:Cruz-Ferreira (1995 12383:on 25 November 2011 11864:. 27 January 2020. 11472:Dicionário Priberam 11212:on 22 December 2012 11206:Amarnatureza.org.br 11202:"O Que É? Amazônia" 11156:on 11 November 2017 10635:on 15 December 2018 10301:www.portugal.gov.pt 10125:Portuguese language 10099:Portuguese language 10073:Portuguese language 10045:Portuguese language 10019:Portuguese language 9993:Portuguese language 9814:15 May 2011 at the 9747:Statutes, Article 1 8845:Watts, Henry Edward 8812:"Língua Portuguesa" 8320:. 18 October 2017. 8287:Berlitz Corporation 8168:archive.wikiwix.com 8140:. 7 November 2022. 7887:(6). Archived from 7761:Lusitanian language 7726:Gallaecian language 7711:Portuguese Africans 7550:Ouviste as últimas? 7319: 6634: 6414: 6173:European Portuguese 5943:Alexandre de Rhodes 5637:Valverde del Fresno 5535:Galician-Portuguese 5375:Galician-Portuguese 5311:Galician-Portuguese 5131:('steak'/'slice'), 4911:Goa Central Library 4790:patronymic surnames 4601:Gallaecian language 3940:Macanese Portuguese 3615:Amazon rubber cycle 3591:Amazônico Ocidental 3377:, and also much of 3265:Rioplatense Spanish 3008:, now mostly rural. 3006:substandard variant 2634: – Regions of 2621:– Central Portugal. 2525:Micaelense (Açores) 2463:European Portuguese 2451:lusophone countries 2203:Portuguese in Congo 1965: 1738:Portuguese in Macau 1475: 1458:Lusophone countries 1241:Cape Verdean Creole 1228:Japanese Brazilians 1184:In March 2006, the 1152:Miguel de Cervantes 1006:Galician-Portuguese 978:Galician-Portuguese 959:Galician-Portuguese 872:(latina) lusitanica 777:Southern Hemisphere 734:Ibero-Romance group 388:Recognised minority 267:Portuguese alphabet 237:Galician–Portuguese 181:Galician–Portuguese 65:[puɾtuˈɣeʃ] 18:Portuguese Language 18179:Languages of India 18159:Languages of Macau 18124:Fusional languages 18068:Brazilian diaspora 17868:Curitibano/Sulista 16779:Catalan Ribagorçan 16626:Pyrenean–Mozarabic 15898:Judaeo-Piedmontese 15808:Bustocco–Legnanese 15603:Northern Calabrian 15084:National languages 15063:Official languages 14969:Languages of Macau 14136:Gavião of Jiparaná 13700:Regional languages 13581:Regional languages 13488:Portuguese edition 13261:Linguistic studies 13238:(228,500 entries). 13208:Portuguese Grammar 13110:on 11 October 2017 12796:. United Nations. 11777:on 6 November 2016 10984:on 11 October 2017 10971:Revista da ABRALIN 10900:on 1 February 2014 10866:on 11 October 2017 10785:on 21 October 2012 10538:on 5 November 2011 9873:on 2 February 2009 9847:on 8 December 2013 9296:. World InfoZone. 8746:Revista Philologus 8584:Portuguese Studies 7960:20.500.12008/10776 7716:Angolan literature 7626:É melhor voltarmos 7523:Portuguese grammar 7404:Silent consonants 7382:Both forms remain 7368:Both forms remain 7354:Both forms remain 7318:Written varieties 7317: 7261:to denote stress, 6632: 6412: 6410: 6395: 6363: 6340: 6192: 6177: 6114: 5743: 5734:An Old Portuguese 5641:Valverdi du Fresnu 5633:galaico-estremenho 5405:portunhol do pampa 5367: 5315: 5224:('carriage'), and 5119:('lipstick'), and 4919: 4786:toponymic surnames 4782:Germanic languages 4772:('to shred') from 4554: 4540:), located at the 4518: 4456:(I'll give thee), 3911:Guinean Portuguese 3798:Angolan Portuguese 3687: 3681:, the yellow zone 3385:. It is closer to 3101: 2950:, border areas of 2940:Mato Grosso do Sul 2909: 2895: 2873: 2740:(greater than 96%) 2678:(Madeiran) – 2667: 2652: 2515: 2507: 2338: 1964: 1474: 1465:The World Factbook 1351: 1274:(400,000 people), 1231: 1170:Luís Vaz de Camões 991:County of Portugal 986: 967:County of Portugal 963:Kingdom of Galicia 930:beginning in 711, 919:Germanic languages 856:Megalithic Culture 746:County of Portugal 742:Kingdom of Galicia 273:Portuguese Braille 18101: 18100: 18047:Judaeo-Portuguese 17983: 17949: 17802: 17758: 17710: 17709: 17704: 17703: 17676:other territories 17556: 17555: 17124: 17123: 17100:extinct languages 17022: 17021: 16699: 16698: 16658:Navarro-Aragonese 16543:Peruvian Ribereño 16468:Judaeo-Portuguese 16383:Galician–Asturian 16286: 16285: 16277:Old Gallo-Romance 16231:Wisconsin Walloon 15648: 15647: 15621:Dalmatian Romance 15229:Romance languages 15195: 15194: 15175:Working languages 15022: 15021: 14935: 14934: 14861:other territories 14634:Equatorial Guinea 14511: 14510: 14354: 14353: 14040:Laklãnõ (Xokléng) 13679:Official language 13638: 13637: 13565:Official language 13136:978-0-8265-1197-3 13074:978-0-19-823581-1 13041:978-87-500-3865-8 12976:978-85-7430-529-5 12880:978-972-568-124-4 12741:978-3-11-016160-1 12705:Romance Philology 12649:978-0-300-09155-7 12556:(in Portuguese). 12333:978-1-55608-087-6 12285:978-989-618-200-7 12278:(in Portuguese). 12217:978-84-942224-4-3 12081:978-1-60918-140-6 11844:(25th ed., 2022) 11740:(in Portuguese). 11704:. pp. 1–22. 11632:978-0-691-13689-9 11598:978-0-231-11568-1 11549:978-0-521-78045-2 11407:978-0-19-509193-9 11332:(in Portuguese). 11150:Jornal de Beltrão 11011:(in Portuguese). 10973:(in Portuguese). 10931:(in Portuguese). 10756:(in Portuguese). 10710:(in Portuguese). 10481:on 4 October 2018 10133:(26th ed., 2023) 10107:(26th ed., 2023) 10081:(26th ed., 2023) 10053:(26th ed., 2023) 10027:(26th ed., 2023) 10001:(26th ed., 2023) 9542:978-0-521-74533-8 9326:on 13 March 2012. 9018:978-1-135-78765-3 8898:978-0-7486-2394-5 8822:on 7 October 2008 8748:(in Portuguese). 8713:(in Portuguese). 8501:978-90-04-16858-9 8494:. Leiden: Brill. 8093:978-1-31763-304-4 7992:"Estados-membros" 7894:on 12 August 2019 7813:(25th ed., 2022) 7781:Portuguese poetry 7655:Article 1 of the 7637:Article 1 of the 7622:É melhor voltares 7512: 7511: 7247:circumflex accent 7005:is realized as a 6976: 6975: 6610: 6609: 6405:headquarters, in 6183: 6168: 6117:Derived languages 5976:For instance, as 5961:; one example is 5738:memorial sign in 5715:Lingoagem Ladinha 5700:Fernão d'Oliveira 5596:by its speakers. 5594:gallego-asturiano 5389:Romance languages 5359:dialect continuum 5278:) and dry-cured ( 5071:') from Tupi and 4544:square (formerly 4534:Portuguese-Guinea 4494:(you had lived). 4462:(I'll love you), 4043:Portuguese, like 3696:Rio Grande do Sul 3677:, the green zone 3469:manezinho da ilha 3429:manezinho da ilha 3409:Rio Grande do Sul 3329:Greater São Paulo 3200:Triângulo Mineiro 3164:Rio Grande do Sul 3050: – Found in 2948:Triângulo Mineiro 2938:and southeastern 2870: 2869: 2354:The Portugal News 2346:European language 2332:port building in 2317: 2316: 1980:Mandatory taught 1977:More information 1974:(July 2017 est.) 1855:Equatorial Guinea 1844:(the other being 1832: 1831: 1666:Equatorial Guinea 1485:More information 1405:Equatorial Guinea 1383:Equatorial Guinea 1363:official language 1145:Renaissance Latin 1129:Garcia de Resende 1125:Cancioneiro Geral 1054:Denis of Portugal 853:Atlantic European 841:Iberian Peninsula 716:Equatorial Guinea 676:Iberian Peninsula 663:língua portuguesa 647: 646: 629:rendering support 625:phonetic symbols. 480: 458: 437:Regulated by 415:Galician language 399:Cultural language 379:) 337:Equatorial Guinea 16:(Redirected from 18206: 18043: 18016: 17999: 17979: 17945: 17924: 17912: 17900: 17888: 17876: 17864: 17798: 17754: 17737: 17730: 17723: 17714: 17713: 17696: 17684:Falkland Islands 17598:Sovereign states 17583: 17576: 17569: 17560: 17559: 17488:Dependencies and 17424:Northern Ireland 17165:Sovereign states 17151: 17144: 17137: 17128: 17127: 16645:Judaeo-Aragonese 16634:Andalusi Romance 16487:Amazonic Spanish 16324:Western Asturian 16307: 16306: 16246:Franco-Provençal 15917: 15916: 15813:Comasco–Lecchese 15671:Emilian–Romagnol 15659: 15658: 15459:Regional Italian 15449:Italo-Australian 15376: 15375: 15298:Megleno-Romanian 15222: 15215: 15208: 15199: 15198: 15049: 15042: 15035: 15026: 15025: 15014:Mandarin Chinese 14962: 14955: 14948: 14939: 14938: 14922: 14921:(United Kingdom) 14917:Tristan da Cunha 14913:Ascension Island 14905: 14892: 14883: 14859:Dependencies and 14552:Sovereign states 14538: 14531: 14524: 14515: 14514: 13746: 13745: 13665: 13658: 13651: 13642: 13641: 13551: 13544: 13537: 13528: 13527: 13515: 13514: 13509: 13501: 13500: 13499: 13492: 13484: 13483: 13482: 13475: 13467: 13466: 13465: 13458: 13457:from Wikiversity 13450: 13449: 13448: 13441: 13433: 13432: 13431: 13424: 13416: 13415: 13414: 13407: 13399: 13398: 13397: 13390: 13382: 13381: 13380: 13370: 13297: 13152: 13150: 13148: 13119: 13117: 13115: 13109: 13102: 13090: 13088: 13086: 13057: 13055: 13053: 13021: 12992: 12990: 12988: 12952: 12950: 12890:Instituto Camões 12810: 12809: 12807: 12805: 12790: 12784: 12783: 12781: 12779: 12760: 12754: 12753: 12727: 12721: 12720: 12696: 12690: 12684: 12678: 12672: 12666: 12660: 12654: 12653: 12635: 12629: 12623: 12617: 12611: 12605: 12599: 12593: 12592: 12591: 12582: 12573: 12572: 12566: 12551: 12542: 12536: 12530: 12524: 12518: 12512: 12511: 12509: 12507: 12501: 12490: 12481: 12475: 12469: 12460: 12454: 12445: 12444: 12442: 12440: 12431:. Archived from 12421: 12415: 12414: 12399: 12393: 12392: 12390: 12388: 12379:. Archived from 12368: 12362: 12361: 12359: 12353:. Archived from 12352: 12344: 12338: 12337: 12311: 12305: 12304: 12302: 12300: 12294: 12277: 12261: 12255: 12254: 12252: 12250: 12231: 12222: 12221: 12203: 12197: 12179: 12173: 12172: 12170: 12163: 12147: 12141: 12140: 12138: 12136: 12104: 12098: 12097:pp. 126–130 12092: 12086: 12085: 12061: 12055: 12054: 12052: 12050: 12031: 12022: 11994: 11988: 11987: 11985: 11983: 11977: 11971:. Archived from 11970: 11961: 11955: 11954: 11952: 11950: 11944: 11925: 11915: 11909: 11908: 11903: 11901: 11884: 11878: 11877: 11875: 11873: 11858: 11852: 11851: 11850: 11833: 11827: 11826: 11824: 11822: 11816: 11808:Cambridge Engage 11805: 11796: 11787: 11786: 11784: 11782: 11763: 11757: 11756: 11754: 11752: 11746: 11739: 11730: 11721: 11720: 11718: 11716: 11710: 11699: 11688: 11679: 11678: 11676: 11674: 11655: 11649: 11648: 11646: 11644: 11612: 11606: 11605: 11582: 11572: 11566: 11565: 11563: 11561: 11529: 11523: 11522: 11494: 11488: 11487: 11485: 11483: 11464: 11458: 11457: 11455: 11453: 11421: 11412: 11411: 11389: 11383: 11382: 11380: 11378: 11359: 11353: 11352: 11350: 11348: 11342: 11327: 11318: 11312: 11311: 11309: 11307: 11297: 11273: 11267: 11266: 11264: 11262: 11256: 11249: 11240: 11234: 11228: 11222: 11221: 11219: 11217: 11198: 11192: 11191: 11189: 11187: 11176:"Sotaque branco" 11172: 11166: 11165: 11163: 11161: 11142: 11136: 11135: 11133: 11131: 11120:Saindo da Matrix 11112: 11106: 11105: 11103: 11101: 11096:on 19 April 2012 11082: 11076: 11065: 11059: 11058: 11056: 11054: 11035: 11029: 11028: 11026: 11024: 11000: 10994: 10993: 10991: 10989: 10983: 10968: 10958: 10952: 10951: 10949: 10947: 10941: 10926: 10916: 10910: 10909: 10907: 10905: 10899: 10892: 10882: 10876: 10875: 10873: 10871: 10865: 10858: 10842: 10836: 10835: 10833: 10831: 10825: 10813:Revista do GELNE 10810: 10801: 10795: 10794: 10792: 10790: 10781:. Archived from 10775: 10769: 10768: 10766: 10760:. Archived from 10755: 10745: 10739: 10738: 10726: 10720: 10719: 10699: 10693: 10692: 10690: 10688: 10682: 10676:. Archived from 10667: 10651: 10645: 10644: 10642: 10640: 10625: 10619: 10618: 10616: 10614: 10603:Instituto Camões 10595: 10589: 10588: 10577: 10571: 10570: 10565:. Archived from 10554: 10548: 10547: 10545: 10543: 10534:. Archived from 10523: 10517: 10516: 10514: 10512: 10507:on 18 March 2012 10497: 10491: 10490: 10488: 10486: 10471: 10465: 10464: 10462: 10460: 10454: 10447: 10439: 10433: 10432: 10430: 10428: 10409: 10403: 10402: 10400: 10398: 10393:on 6 August 2020 10383: 10377: 10376: 10374: 10372: 10353: 10347: 10346: 10344: 10342: 10333:. Archived from 10323: 10317: 10316: 10314: 10312: 10293: 10287: 10286: 10284: 10282: 10277:on 7 August 2010 10267: 10254: 10253: 10251: 10249: 10234: 10228: 10227: 10225: 10223: 10208: 10202: 10201: 10199: 10197: 10178: 10172: 10171: 10169: 10167: 10148: 10142: 10140: 10139: 10122: 10116: 10114: 10113: 10096: 10090: 10088: 10087: 10070: 10061: 10060: 10059: 10042: 10036: 10034: 10033: 10016: 10010: 10008: 10007: 9990: 9979: 9978: 9976: 9974: 9955: 9946: 9945: 9943: 9941: 9922: 9913: 9912: 9910: 9908: 9889: 9883: 9882: 9880: 9878: 9863: 9857: 9856: 9854: 9852: 9846: 9840:. Archived from 9839: 9830: 9819: 9805: 9799: 9798: 9796: 9794: 9788: 9782:. Archived from 9781: 9772: 9766: 9765: 9763: 9761: 9745: 9739: 9738: 9736: 9734: 9715: 9709: 9708: 9706: 9704: 9688: 9682: 9681: 9679: 9677: 9658: 9652: 9651: 9649: 9647: 9631: 9625: 9624: 9622: 9620: 9605: 9599: 9598: 9596: 9594: 9579: 9573: 9572: 9570: 9568: 9553: 9547: 9546: 9528: 9522: 9521: 9500: 9494: 9493: 9491: 9489: 9470: 9464: 9463: 9442: 9436: 9435: 9433: 9431: 9415: 9406: 9405: 9403: 9401: 9386: 9380: 9379: 9377: 9375: 9360: 9354: 9353: 9351: 9349: 9334: 9328: 9327: 9316: 9310: 9309: 9307: 9305: 9290: 9284: 9283: 9281: 9279: 9273: 9266: 9258: 9252: 9251: 9249: 9247: 9228: 9222: 9221: 9219: 9217: 9201: 9195: 9194: 9192: 9190: 9174: 9168: 9159: 9153: 9152: 9128: 9122: 9121: 9119: 9117: 9111: 9096: 9087: 9081: 9080: 9078: 9076: 9061: 9055: 9054: 9052: 9050: 9044: 9037: 9029: 9023: 9022: 9002: 8996: 8995: 8993: 8991: 8982:. 29 July 2021. 8972: 8966: 8965: 8963: 8961: 8942: 8936: 8935: 8933: 8931: 8912: 8903: 8902: 8880: 8874: 8873: 8871: 8861: 8855: 8854: 8841: 8835: 8834: 8829: 8827: 8808: 8802: 8801: 8796: 8794: 8775: 8769: 8768: 8763: 8761: 8737: 8731: 8730: 8724: 8722: 8710:Folha de S.Paulo 8700: 8694: 8693: 8668: 8662: 8661: 8659: 8657: 8651: 8645:. Archived from 8644: 8635: 8629: 8622: 8616: 8615: 8579: 8573: 8572: 8570: 8568: 8553: 8547: 8546: 8544: 8542: 8536: 8529: 8520: 8514: 8513: 8485: 8479: 8476: 8470: 8457: 8451: 8450: 8448: 8442:. Archived from 8441: 8433: 8427: 8424: 8415: 8414: 8412: 8410: 8394: 8385: 8381: 8375: 8360: 8354: 8340: 8334: 8333: 8331: 8329: 8310: 8304: 8303: 8301: 8299: 8278: 8272: 8271: 8269: 8267: 8246: 8240: 8239: 8237: 8235: 8229: 8218: 8210: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8199: 8185: 8179: 8178: 8176: 8174: 8160: 8154: 8153: 8151: 8149: 8130: 8124: 8123: 8121: 8119: 8104: 8098: 8097: 8079: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8068: 8057:filologia.org.br 8048: 8042: 8041: 8039: 8037: 8026:Judeo-Lusitanica 8018: 8012: 8011: 8009: 8007: 7988: 7977: 7976: 7974: 7972: 7962: 7940: 7934: 7933: 7931: 7929: 7920:. Archived from 7910: 7904: 7903: 7901: 7899: 7893: 7878: 7868: 7862: 7861: 7859: 7857: 7838: 7832: 7827: 7821: 7820: 7819: 7802: 7700: 7695: 7694: 7686: 7681: 7680: 7679: 7651: 7557:subjunctive mood 7529:Romance language 7494:Non-personal and 7320: 7316: 7237:is based on the 7185: 7181: 7177: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7154: 7150: 7144:, respectively). 7126: 7122: 7114: 7110: 7076: 7072: 7064: 7044: 7037: 7033: 7029: 7015: 7004: 6997: 6990: 6966: 6946: 6939: 6930: 6918: 6908: 6899: 6892: 6878: 6869: 6862: 6855: 6848: 6835: 6828: 6821: 6814: 6798: 6791: 6782: 6775: 6768: 6757: 6750: 6741: 6734: 6727: 6709: 6702: 6695: 6681: 6674: 6635: 6631: 6602: 6584: 6577: 6570: 6561: 6547: 6540: 6531: 6524: 6510: 6503: 6493: 6485: 6478: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6415: 6411: 6387:Instituto Camões 6383:Fundação Oriente 6371:Fundação Oriente 6333: 6196:Franco-Provençal 6184: 6169: 6136:creole languages 6097:standard Italian 6083:), an orange is 6077:Italian dialects 6037:), and Romanian 6027: 5967:Michele Ruggieri 5959:Chinese surnames 5898:língua brasílica 5825:Sri Lankan Tamil 5787:Burmese language 5617:a fala de Xálima 5609:a fala de Xálima 5529:Reintegrationism 5514: 5506: 5498:) and Paraguay ( 5497: 5495:dialeto do pampa 5327:Occitano-Romance 5265: 5259: 5253: 5247: 5241: 5235: 5229: 5223: 5217: 5211: 5202: 5196: 5190: 5184: 5178: 5172: 5166: 5160: 5154: 5148: 5142: 5136: 5130: 5124: 5118: 5112: 5106: 5100: 5076: 5066: 5042: 5036: 5022: 5016: 5006: 5000: 4990: 4945: 4926: 4897: 4887: 4877: 4867: 4851:by influence of 4771: 4761: 4751: 4735: 4729: 4713: 4703: 4693: 4666: 4660: 4654: 4566:Age of Discovery 4493: 4487: 4481: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4444:Romance language 4399:normally became 4200:("jail"), Port. 4174:epenthetic vowel 4010: 4008: 4007: 3990: 3981: 3979: 3978: 3961: 3952: 3950: 3949: 3932: 3923: 3921: 3920: 3903: 3894: 3892: 3891: 3868: 3866: 3865: 3848: 3839: 3837: 3836: 3819: 3810: 3808: 3807: 3783: 3774: 3772: 3771: 3757: 3751: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3715: 3709: 3703: 3693: 3583: – used in 3517: – used in 3505:florianopolitano 3444:Florianopolitano 3425:florianopolitano 3365:Adoniran Barbosa 3353:Sociolinguistics 3299: – Most of 3275:and southern of 3269:along the coasts 3245: 3228:carioca do brejo 3210:was spoken, but 3108: 3085: 3077: 2974:and the related 2972:língua brasílica 2864: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2787: 2781: 2776:variation, with 2775: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2745: 2739: 2733: 2710: 2689: 2672: 2628: 2615: 2598: 2581: 2564: 2539: 2522: 2476: 2470: 2468:português padrão 2461:Modern Standard 2396:Japanese descent 2390:was returned to 2310: 2309: 2292: 2290: 2289: 2277: 2276: 2259: 2257: 2256: 2244: 2243: 2226: 2224: 2223: 2211: 2210: 2193: 2191: 2190: 2178: 2177: 2160: 2158: 2157: 2145: 2144: 2127: 2125: 2124: 2112: 2111: 2094: 2092: 2091: 2079: 2078: 2061: 2059: 2058: 2046: 2045: 2028: 2026: 2025: 2013: 2012: 1995: 1993: 1992: 1966: 1963: 1810: 1809: 1792: 1791: 1790: 1778: 1777: 1760: 1759: 1758: 1746: 1745: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1714: 1713: 1696: 1695: 1694: 1682: 1681: 1664: 1663: 1662: 1650: 1649: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1618: 1617: 1600: 1599: 1598: 1586: 1585: 1568: 1567: 1566: 1554: 1553: 1536: 1535: 1534: 1522: 1521: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1490:of the majority 1476: 1473: 1470: 1307:Portuguese India 1163: 1158:described it as 1094:creole languages 1052:. In 1290, King 1036:, presumably by 928:Umayyad conquest 903:Migration Period 899:Germanic peoples 765:Romance language 740:in the medieval 731: 665: 612: 606: 600: 595: 586: 572: 556: 540: 533: 524: 523: 515: 506: 505: 497: 478: 452: 390:language in 287: 255: 121: 90:Lusophone Africa 73: 67: 55: 43: 42: 36:Português (coin) 27:Romance language 21: 18214: 18213: 18209: 18208: 18207: 18205: 18204: 18203: 18104: 18103: 18102: 18097: 18051: 18037: 18010: 17993: 17977: 17971: 17943: 17937: 17918: 17906: 17894: 17892:Serra amazônica 17882: 17870: 17858: 17796: 17790: 17752: 17746: 17741: 17711: 17706: 17705: 17700: 17694: 17677: 17675: 17665: 17592: 17587: 17557: 17552: 17531: 17489: 17483: 17469:Northern Cyprus 17451: 17445: 17339:North Macedonia 17160: 17155: 17125: 17120: 17087: 17071: 17049:Pannonian Latin 17035:African Romance 17018: 16971: 16902: 16895: 16833:Judeo-Provençal 16706: 16695: 16672: 16621: 16531:Chilean Chilote 16473: 16359: 16300: 16296: 16293: 16282: 16270:Moselle Romance 16237: 16086:Missouri French 16047:Franco-Ontarian 15922: 15911: 15904: 15644: 15609: 15586:Southern Latian 15489: 15454:Maltese Italian 15386:Central Italian 15370: 15363: 15358:Common Romanian 15274: 15258:Italo-Dalmatian 15236: 15226: 15196: 15191: 15170: 15079: 15058: 15053: 15023: 15018: 15004:Macanese Patois 14992: 14971: 14966: 14936: 14931: 14930: 14920: 14903: 14890: 14881: 14862: 14860: 14853: 14837: 14835: 14828: 14547: 14542: 14512: 14507: 14416: 14390: 14350: 14279: 14251: 14218: 14195: 14117: 14084: 13976: 13943: 13870: 13832: 13741: 13735: 13695: 13674: 13669: 13639: 13634: 13618: 13602: 13576: 13560: 13555: 13520: 13512: 13502: 13497: 13495: 13485: 13480: 13478: 13474:from Wikivoyage 13468: 13463: 13461: 13451: 13446: 13444: 13434: 13429: 13427: 13417: 13412: 13410: 13400: 13395: 13393: 13389:from Wiktionary 13383: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13369:sister projects 13366:at Knowledge's 13351: 13332: 13327: 13322:Wayback Machine 13258: 13230:Antônio Houaiss 13220: 13215:Wayback Machine 13202:Wayback Machine 13189:Wayback Machine 13176:Wayback Machine 13163:Wayback Machine 13146: 13144: 13137: 13113: 13111: 13107: 13100: 13084: 13082: 13075: 13051: 13049: 13042: 12986: 12984: 12977: 12919: 12915:Wayback Machine 12897:Wayback Machine 12862: 12858:Wayback Machine 12835:Wayback Machine 12819: 12814: 12813: 12803: 12801: 12792: 12791: 12787: 12777: 12775: 12762: 12761: 12757: 12742: 12728: 12724: 12697: 12693: 12685: 12681: 12673: 12669: 12661: 12657: 12650: 12636: 12632: 12624: 12620: 12612: 12608: 12602:Rodrigues (2012 12600: 12596: 12583: 12576: 12564: 12549: 12543: 12539: 12531: 12527: 12519: 12515: 12505: 12503: 12499: 12488: 12482: 12478: 12470: 12463: 12455: 12448: 12438: 12436: 12429:www.foriente.pt 12423: 12422: 12418: 12401: 12400: 12396: 12386: 12384: 12377:Arkeotavira.com 12369: 12365: 12357: 12350: 12346: 12345: 12341: 12334: 12312: 12308: 12298: 12296: 12292: 12286: 12275: 12262: 12258: 12248: 12246: 12233: 12232: 12225: 12218: 12204: 12200: 12194:Wayback Machine 12180: 12176: 12168: 12161: 12148: 12144: 12134: 12132: 12105: 12101: 12093: 12089: 12082: 12074:. p. 129. 12062: 12058: 12048: 12046: 12033: 12032: 12025: 12016:Wayback Machine 12009:Partial preview 11995: 11991: 11981: 11979: 11975: 11968: 11962: 11958: 11948: 11946: 11942: 11923: 11916: 11912: 11899: 11897: 11885: 11881: 11871: 11869: 11860: 11859: 11855: 11845: 11834: 11830: 11820: 11818: 11814: 11803: 11797: 11790: 11780: 11778: 11765: 11764: 11760: 11750: 11748: 11744: 11737: 11732: 11731: 11724: 11714: 11712: 11708: 11697: 11689: 11682: 11672: 11670: 11657: 11656: 11652: 11642: 11640: 11633: 11613: 11609: 11599: 11573: 11569: 11559: 11557: 11550: 11530: 11526: 11495: 11491: 11481: 11479: 11466: 11465: 11461: 11451: 11449: 11422: 11415: 11408: 11390: 11386: 11376: 11374: 11361: 11360: 11356: 11346: 11344: 11340: 11325: 11319: 11315: 11305: 11303: 11274: 11270: 11260: 11258: 11257:on 4 March 2016 11254: 11247: 11241: 11237: 11229: 11225: 11215: 11213: 11200: 11199: 11195: 11185: 11183: 11174: 11173: 11169: 11159: 11157: 11144: 11143: 11139: 11129: 11127: 11114: 11113: 11109: 11099: 11097: 11084: 11083: 11079: 11066: 11062: 11052: 11050: 11037: 11036: 11032: 11022: 11020: 11001: 10997: 10987: 10985: 10981: 10966: 10959: 10955: 10945: 10943: 10939: 10924: 10917: 10913: 10903: 10901: 10897: 10890: 10883: 10879: 10869: 10867: 10863: 10856: 10843: 10839: 10829: 10827: 10823: 10808: 10802: 10798: 10788: 10786: 10777: 10776: 10772: 10764: 10753: 10746: 10742: 10727: 10723: 10700: 10696: 10686: 10684: 10683:on 3 March 2016 10680: 10665: 10652: 10648: 10638: 10636: 10627: 10626: 10622: 10612: 10610: 10597: 10596: 10592: 10579: 10578: 10574: 10569:on 2 July 2019. 10555: 10551: 10541: 10539: 10524: 10520: 10510: 10508: 10499: 10498: 10494: 10484: 10482: 10473: 10472: 10468: 10458: 10456: 10452: 10445: 10441: 10440: 10436: 10426: 10424: 10411: 10410: 10406: 10396: 10394: 10385: 10384: 10380: 10370: 10368: 10355: 10354: 10350: 10340: 10338: 10325: 10324: 10320: 10310: 10308: 10295: 10294: 10290: 10280: 10278: 10269: 10268: 10257: 10247: 10245: 10236: 10235: 10231: 10221: 10219: 10210: 10209: 10205: 10195: 10193: 10180: 10179: 10175: 10165: 10163: 10150: 10149: 10145: 10134: 10123: 10119: 10108: 10097: 10093: 10082: 10071: 10064: 10054: 10043: 10039: 10028: 10017: 10013: 10002: 9991: 9982: 9972: 9970: 9957: 9956: 9949: 9939: 9937: 9930:www.ibge.gov.br 9924: 9923: 9916: 9906: 9904: 9891: 9890: 9886: 9876: 9874: 9865: 9864: 9860: 9850: 9848: 9844: 9837: 9833: 9831: 9822: 9816:Wayback Machine 9806: 9802: 9792: 9790: 9789:on 15 July 2020 9786: 9779: 9775: 9773: 9769: 9759: 9757: 9748: 9746: 9742: 9732: 9730: 9729:on 22 July 2011 9717: 9716: 9712: 9702: 9700: 9689: 9685: 9675: 9673: 9660: 9659: 9655: 9645: 9643: 9632: 9628: 9618: 9616: 9607: 9606: 9602: 9592: 9590: 9589:on 21 July 2006 9581: 9580: 9576: 9566: 9564: 9555: 9554: 9550: 9543: 9529: 9525: 9510:Wayback Machine 9501: 9497: 9487: 9485: 9472: 9471: 9467: 9452:Wayback Machine 9443: 9439: 9429: 9427: 9416: 9409: 9399: 9397: 9388: 9387: 9383: 9373: 9371: 9362: 9361: 9357: 9347: 9345: 9336: 9335: 9331: 9318: 9317: 9313: 9303: 9301: 9292: 9291: 9287: 9277: 9275: 9271: 9264: 9260: 9259: 9255: 9245: 9243: 9230: 9229: 9225: 9215: 9213: 9202: 9198: 9188: 9186: 9175: 9171: 9160: 9156: 9149: 9129: 9125: 9115: 9113: 9109: 9094: 9088: 9084: 9074: 9072: 9063: 9062: 9058: 9048: 9046: 9042: 9035: 9031: 9030: 9026: 9019: 9003: 8999: 8989: 8987: 8974: 8973: 8969: 8959: 8957: 8944: 8943: 8939: 8929: 8927: 8914: 8913: 8906: 8899: 8881: 8877: 8862: 8858: 8842: 8838: 8825: 8823: 8810: 8809: 8805: 8792: 8790: 8777: 8776: 8772: 8759: 8757: 8738: 8734: 8720: 8718: 8701: 8697: 8686: 8669: 8665: 8655: 8653: 8652:on 8 March 2021 8649: 8642: 8636: 8632: 8623: 8619: 8580: 8576: 8566: 8564: 8555: 8554: 8550: 8540: 8538: 8534: 8527: 8521: 8517: 8502: 8486: 8482: 8477: 8473: 8467:Wayback Machine 8458: 8454: 8446: 8439: 8435: 8434: 8430: 8425: 8418: 8408: 8406: 8395: 8388: 8382: 8378: 8361: 8357: 8341: 8337: 8327: 8325: 8312: 8311: 8307: 8297: 8295: 8280: 8279: 8275: 8265: 8263: 8248: 8247: 8243: 8233: 8231: 8227: 8216: 8212: 8211: 8207: 8197: 8195: 8187: 8186: 8182: 8172: 8170: 8162: 8161: 8157: 8147: 8145: 8132: 8131: 8127: 8117: 8115: 8106: 8105: 8101: 8094: 8080: 8076: 8066: 8064: 8049: 8045: 8035: 8033: 8020: 8019: 8015: 8005: 8003: 7990: 7989: 7980: 7970: 7968: 7941: 7937: 7927: 7925: 7924:on 5 April 2019 7912: 7911: 7907: 7897: 7895: 7891: 7876: 7869: 7865: 7855: 7853: 7848:. 10 May 2016. 7840: 7839: 7835: 7828: 7824: 7814: 7803: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7731:Indo-Portuguese 7698:Language portal 7696: 7689: 7684:Portugal portal 7682: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7643:in Portuguese: 7635: 7537:present perfect 7525: 7519: 7514: 7513: 7495: 7314: 7306: 7301: 7300: 7231: 7223: 7117:lamino-alveolar 6926: 6888: 6844: 6810: 6764: 6723: 6677: 6672: 6649: 6630: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6348:Natural History 6324: 6204:that of Spanish 6179: 6159: 6157: 6151: 6125: 6119: 6111:Lusophony Games 5805: 5728: 5531: 5525: 5381: 5369:Main articles: 5303: 5276:presunto cozido 5260:('hair lock'), 4857:Arabic article 4694:('swine') from 4661:('stake'), and 4611:sources, often 4548:), in downtown 4510: 4504: 4488:(I had lived), 4465:contactá-los-ei 4041: 4005: 4003: 3976: 3974: 3947: 3945: 3918: 3916: 3889: 3887: 3882:Goan Portuguese 3863: 3861: 3834: 3832: 3805: 3803: 3794:Wayback Machine 3769: 3767: 3764: 3538:serra amazônica 3453:insular regions 3413:southern Brazil 3305:Northern Brazil 3202:). As with the 2994:Colonial Brazil 2918: 2871: 2861: 2857: 2855: 2830: Balanced 2827: 2825: 2809: 2807: 2791: 2789: 2761: 2759: 2743: 2741: 2731: 2605:Alto-Alentejano 2528:(São Miguel) – 2499: 2459: 2412: 2358:southern Africa 2322: 2287: 2285: 2254: 2252: 2221: 2219: 2188: 2186: 2155: 2153: 2122: 2120: 2089: 2087: 2056: 2054: 2023: 2021: 1990: 1988: 1973: 1884: 1860: 1788: 1786: 1756: 1754: 1724: 1722: 1692: 1690: 1660: 1658: 1628: 1626: 1596: 1594: 1564: 1562: 1532: 1530: 1500: 1498: 1489: 1488:Native language 1468: 1460: 1357:(in Portuguese 1341: 1335: 1333:Official status 1319:Kristang people 1208: 1200:Main articles: 1198: 1150:Spanish author 1139:because of the 1137:Classical Greek 1133:Classical Latin 1038:Gerald of Braga 995:Kingdom of León 976:Spoken area of 839:arrived in the 833: 827: 821: 757:second language 627:Without proper 615: 614: 610: 608: 604: 602: 598: 582: 568: 552: 549: 536: 529: 519: 518: 511: 501: 500: 493: 483: 474: 465: 448: 431: 430: 402: 401: 391: 389: 382: 369: 368: 361: 313: 312: 303: 296:Official status 288: 283: 277: 256: 251: 245: 217: 210: 171:Iberian Romance 157:Western Romance 137:Latino-Faliscan 122: 119:Language family 117: 107: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 18212: 18202: 18201: 18196: 18194:Lingua francas 18191: 18186: 18181: 18176: 18171: 18166: 18161: 18156: 18151: 18146: 18141: 18136: 18131: 18126: 18121: 18116: 18099: 18098: 18096: 18095: 18090: 18085: 18080: 18075: 18070: 18065: 18059: 18057: 18053: 18052: 18050: 18049: 18044: 18032: 18027: 18022: 18017: 18005: 18000: 17987: 17985: 17973: 17972: 17970: 17969: 17964: 17959: 17953: 17951: 17939: 17938: 17936: 17935: 17926: 17925: 17913: 17901: 17889: 17877: 17865: 17853: 17848: 17843: 17838: 17833: 17828: 17823: 17818: 17806: 17804: 17792: 17791: 17789: 17788: 17783: 17778: 17773: 17768: 17762: 17760: 17748: 17747: 17740: 17739: 17732: 17725: 17717: 17708: 17707: 17702: 17701: 17699: 17698: 17691: 17686: 17680: 17678: 17670: 17667: 17666: 17664: 17663: 17658: 17653: 17648: 17643: 17638: 17633: 17628: 17623: 17618: 17613: 17608: 17602: 17600: 17594: 17593: 17586: 17585: 17578: 17571: 17563: 17554: 17553: 17551: 17550: 17545: 17543:European Union 17539: 17537: 17536:Other entities 17533: 17532: 17530: 17529: 17524: 17519: 17514: 17509: 17504: 17499: 17493: 17491: 17490:other entities 17485: 17484: 17482: 17481: 17476: 17471: 17466: 17461: 17455: 17453: 17447: 17446: 17444: 17443: 17438: 17437: 17436: 17431: 17426: 17421: 17414:United Kingdom 17411: 17406: 17401: 17396: 17391: 17386: 17381: 17376: 17371: 17366: 17361: 17356: 17351: 17346: 17341: 17336: 17331: 17326: 17321: 17316: 17311: 17306: 17301: 17296: 17291: 17286: 17281: 17279: 17274: 17269: 17264: 17259: 17254: 17249: 17244: 17239: 17234: 17229: 17227:Czech Republic 17224: 17219: 17214: 17209: 17204: 17199: 17194: 17189: 17184: 17179: 17174: 17168: 17166: 17162: 17161: 17154: 17153: 17146: 17139: 17131: 17122: 17121: 17119: 17118: 17111: 17102: 17092: 17089: 17088: 17086: 17085: 17079: 17077: 17073: 17072: 17070: 17069: 17068: 17067: 17062: 17052: 17045: 17038: 17030: 17028: 17024: 17023: 17020: 17019: 17017: 17016: 17015: 17014: 17009: 17004: 16999: 16988: 16979: 16977: 16973: 16972: 16970: 16969: 16968: 16967: 16962: 16957: 16952: 16947: 16937: 16936: 16935: 16930: 16920: 16919: 16918: 16907: 16905: 16897: 16896: 16894: 16893: 16892: 16891: 16890: 16889: 16875: 16874: 16873: 16868: 16858: 16857: 16856: 16846: 16841: 16836: 16829: 16828: 16827: 16820: 16815: 16810: 16800: 16790: 16789: 16788: 16787: 16786: 16781: 16773: 16768: 16765:Judaeo-Catalan 16761: 16760: 16759: 16754: 16749: 16748: 16747: 16742: 16732: 16724: 16711: 16709: 16701: 16700: 16697: 16696: 16694: 16693: 16687: 16680: 16678: 16674: 16673: 16671: 16670: 16669: 16668: 16654: 16649: 16648: 16647: 16637: 16629: 16627: 16623: 16622: 16620: 16619: 16612: 16611: 16610: 16605: 16600: 16595: 16594: 16593: 16588: 16583: 16578: 16573: 16572: 16571: 16554: 16553: 16552: 16547: 16546: 16545: 16535: 16534: 16533: 16520:Latin American 16516: 16511: 16499: 16497:Judaeo-Spanish 16494: 16489: 16483: 16481: 16475: 16474: 16472: 16471: 16464: 16463: 16462: 16457: 16452: 16451: 16450: 16438: 16437: 16436: 16424: 16419: 16412: 16400: 16393: 16388: 16387: 16386: 16375: 16369: 16367: 16361: 16360: 16358: 16357: 16350: 16345: 16344: 16343: 16333: 16328: 16327: 16326: 16315: 16313: 16304: 16288: 16287: 16284: 16283: 16281: 16280: 16273: 16266: 16265: 16264: 16259: 16254: 16242: 16239: 16238: 16236: 16235: 16234: 16233: 16228: 16218: 16217: 16216: 16211: 16201: 16196: 16191: 16186: 16185: 16184: 16179: 16174: 16169: 16168: 16167: 16160: 16159: 16158: 16148: 16143: 16126: 16121: 16120: 16119: 16114: 16109: 16099: 16098: 16097: 16090: 16089: 16088: 16083: 16082: 16081: 16071: 16066: 16065: 16064: 16059: 16054: 16049: 16044: 16043: 16042: 16037: 16027: 16022: 16017: 16016: 16015: 16010: 15992: 15987: 15975: 15970: 15965: 15964: 15963: 15958: 15948: 15943: 15938: 15933: 15927: 15925: 15914: 15906: 15905: 15903: 15902: 15901: 15900: 15890: 15883: 15882: 15881: 15880: 15879: 15874: 15869: 15868: 15867: 15862: 15857: 15847: 15842: 15837: 15836: 15835: 15830: 15825: 15820: 15810: 15805: 15804: 15803: 15788: 15787: 15786: 15781: 15766: 15761: 15760: 15759: 15754: 15749: 15744: 15739: 15734: 15724: 15719: 15714: 15709: 15708: 15707: 15706: 15705: 15700: 15690: 15689: 15688: 15683: 15667: 15665: 15656: 15650: 15649: 15646: 15645: 15643: 15642: 15640:Judaeo-Italian 15637: 15636: 15635: 15630: 15617: 15615: 15611: 15610: 15608: 15607: 15606: 15605: 15600: 15599: 15598: 15593: 15588: 15583: 15578: 15577: 15576: 15566: 15561: 15556: 15551: 15534: 15533: 15532: 15531: 15530: 15520: 15519: 15518: 15508: 15497: 15495: 15491: 15490: 15488: 15487: 15486: 15485: 15473: 15468: 15467: 15466: 15461: 15456: 15451: 15439: 15438: 15437: 15427: 15426: 15425: 15420: 15415: 15410: 15409: 15408: 15403: 15398: 15382: 15380: 15373: 15365: 15364: 15362: 15361: 15354: 15353: 15352: 15347: 15342: 15337: 15332: 15327: 15322: 15317: 15312: 15300: 15295: 15293:Istro-Romanian 15290: 15284: 15282: 15276: 15275: 15273: 15272: 15267: 15266: 15265: 15260: 15250: 15244: 15242: 15241:Major branches 15238: 15237: 15233:classification 15225: 15224: 15217: 15210: 15202: 15193: 15192: 15190: 15189: 15184: 15178: 15176: 15172: 15171: 15169: 15168: 15163: 15158: 15153: 15148: 15143: 15138: 15133: 15128: 15123: 15118: 15113: 15108: 15103: 15098: 15093: 15087: 15085: 15081: 15080: 15078: 15077: 15072: 15066: 15064: 15060: 15059: 15052: 15051: 15044: 15037: 15029: 15020: 15019: 15017: 15016: 15011: 15006: 15000: 14998: 14994: 14993: 14991: 14990: 14985: 14979: 14977: 14973: 14972: 14965: 14964: 14957: 14950: 14942: 14933: 14932: 14929: 14928: 14926:Western Sahara 14923: 14906: 14893: 14884: 14870:Canary Islands 14866: 14865: 14863: 14858: 14855: 14854: 14852: 14851: 14846: 14840: 14838: 14833: 14830: 14829: 14827: 14826: 14821: 14816: 14811: 14806: 14801: 14796: 14791: 14786: 14781: 14776: 14771: 14766: 14761: 14756: 14751: 14746: 14741: 14736: 14731: 14726: 14721: 14716: 14711: 14706: 14701: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14681: 14676: 14671: 14666: 14661: 14656: 14651: 14646: 14641: 14636: 14631: 14626: 14621: 14616: 14611: 14606: 14601: 14596: 14591: 14586: 14581: 14576: 14571: 14566: 14561: 14555: 14553: 14549: 14548: 14541: 14540: 14533: 14526: 14518: 14509: 14508: 14506: 14505: 14500: 14495: 14490: 14485: 14480: 14475: 14470: 14465: 14460: 14458:Haitian Creole 14455: 14450: 14445: 14440: 14435: 14430: 14424: 14422: 14418: 14417: 14415: 14414: 14409: 14404: 14402:Brazilian Sign 14398: 14396: 14395:Sign languages 14392: 14391: 14389: 14388: 14383: 14378: 14373: 14368: 14362: 14360: 14359:Interlanguages 14356: 14355: 14352: 14351: 14349: 14348: 14343: 14338: 14333: 14328: 14323: 14318: 14313: 14308: 14303: 14298: 14293: 14287: 14285: 14281: 14280: 14278: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14261: 14259: 14253: 14252: 14250: 14249: 14244: 14239: 14234: 14228: 14226: 14220: 14219: 14217: 14216: 14211: 14205: 14203: 14197: 14196: 14194: 14193: 14188: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14163: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14133: 14127: 14125: 14119: 14118: 14116: 14115: 14110: 14105: 14100: 14094: 14092: 14086: 14085: 14083: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14047: 14042: 14037: 14032: 14027: 14022: 14017: 14012: 14007: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13986: 13984: 13978: 13977: 13975: 13974: 13969: 13964: 13959: 13953: 13951: 13945: 13944: 13942: 13941: 13936: 13931: 13926: 13921: 13916: 13911: 13906: 13901: 13896: 13891: 13886: 13880: 13878: 13872: 13871: 13869: 13868: 13863: 13858: 13853: 13848: 13842: 13840: 13834: 13833: 13831: 13830: 13825: 13820: 13815: 13810: 13805: 13800: 13795: 13790: 13785: 13780: 13775: 13770: 13765: 13760: 13754: 13752: 13743: 13737: 13736: 13734: 13733: 13732: 13731: 13721: 13716: 13715: 13714: 13703: 13701: 13697: 13696: 13694: 13693: 13688: 13682: 13680: 13676: 13675: 13668: 13667: 13660: 13653: 13645: 13636: 13635: 13633: 13632: 13626: 13624: 13620: 13619: 13617: 13616: 13610: 13608: 13607:Sign languages 13604: 13603: 13601: 13600: 13595: 13590: 13584: 13582: 13578: 13577: 13575: 13574: 13568: 13566: 13562: 13561: 13554: 13553: 13546: 13539: 13531: 13525: 13522: 13521: 13511: 13510: 13493: 13476: 13459: 13442: 13440:from Wikibooks 13425: 13423:from Wikiquote 13408: 13391: 13362: 13360: 13359: 13331: 13330:External links 13328: 13326: 13325: 13309: 13298: 13286:10.2307/345821 13280:(3): 451–464. 13269: 13264: 13263: 13262: 13257: 13256: 13251: 13239: 13226: 13225: 13224: 13219: 13218: 13217:– Learn101.org 13205: 13192: 13179: 13166: 13153: 13135: 13120: 13091: 13073: 13058: 13040: 13022: 12993: 12975: 12960: 12953: 12941:(2): 227–232. 12925: 12924: 12923: 12918: 12917: 12899: 12883: 12868: 12867: 12866: 12861: 12860: 12846: 12837: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12812: 12811: 12785: 12755: 12740: 12722: 12711:(4): 305–314. 12691: 12679: 12667: 12655: 12648: 12630: 12618: 12606: 12594: 12574: 12537: 12525: 12513: 12476: 12461: 12446: 12435:on 27 May 2012 12416: 12394: 12363: 12339: 12332: 12306: 12284: 12256: 12223: 12216: 12198: 12174: 12142: 12099: 12087: 12080: 12072:Guilford Press 12056: 12023: 11989: 11956: 11910: 11879: 11853: 11828: 11788: 11758: 11722: 11680: 11650: 11631: 11625:. p. 90. 11607: 11597: 11567: 11548: 11542:. p. 14. 11524: 11511:10.2307/343562 11505:(4): 848–852. 11489: 11459: 11413: 11406: 11384: 11354: 11313: 11268: 11235: 11223: 11193: 11182:on 17 May 2016 11167: 11137: 11107: 11077: 11060: 11030: 10995: 10953: 10911: 10877: 10837: 10796: 10770: 10740: 10721: 10694: 10646: 10620: 10590: 10572: 10563:Macao Magazine 10549: 10532:Arena Magazine 10518: 10492: 10466: 10434: 10404: 10378: 10348: 10318: 10288: 10255: 10244:on 28 May 2009 10229: 10218:on 22 May 2011 10203: 10173: 10143: 10117: 10091: 10062: 10037: 10011: 9980: 9947: 9914: 9884: 9858: 9820: 9800: 9767: 9740: 9710: 9683: 9653: 9626: 9600: 9574: 9563:on 29 May 2001 9548: 9541: 9523: 9495: 9465: 9437: 9420:"The Namibian" 9407: 9381: 9370:on 6 July 2011 9355: 9329: 9311: 9285: 9253: 9223: 9196: 9169: 9154: 9147: 9123: 9082: 9056: 9024: 9017: 8997: 8980:Agência Brasil 8967: 8937: 8904: 8897: 8875: 8856: 8836: 8803: 8770: 8732: 8695: 8684: 8663: 8630: 8617: 8590:(2): 153–168. 8574: 8548: 8515: 8500: 8480: 8471: 8452: 8428: 8416: 8386: 8376: 8368:Language Today 8355: 8347:Language Today 8335: 8305: 8273: 8241: 8205: 8180: 8155: 8125: 8099: 8092: 8074: 8043: 8032:on 10 May 2017 8013: 7978: 7935: 7905: 7883:(in Spanish). 7863: 7833: 7822: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7784: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7702: 7701: 7687: 7671: 7668: 7667: 7666: 7653: 7652: 7634: 7631: 7630: 7629: 7601: 7600: 7593: 7583: 7582: 7575: 7565: 7564: 7553: 7521:Main article: 7518: 7515: 7510: 7509: 7506: 7503: 7500: 7497: 7491: 7490: 7487: 7484: 7481: 7477: 7476: 7473: 7470: 7467: 7464: 7460: 7459: 7456: 7453: 7450: 7446: 7445: 7442: 7439: 7436: 7432: 7431: 7428: 7425: 7422: 7418: 7417: 7414: 7411: 7408: 7405: 7401: 7400: 7397: 7394: 7391: 7387: 7386: 7383: 7380: 7377: 7373: 7372: 7369: 7366: 7363: 7359: 7358: 7355: 7352: 7349: 7346: 7342: 7341: 7338: 7334: 7333: 7330: 7327: 7324: 7315: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7239:Latin alphabet 7232: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7218: 7217: 7202: 7199: 7172: 7147:As a phoneme, 7145: 7129:apico-alveolar 7106: 7059:alveolar trill 7039: 7021: 6999: 6979:Phonetic notes 6974: 6973: 6971: 6969: 6967: 6960: 6958: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6947: 6940: 6933: 6931: 6923: 6922: 6920: 6911: 6909: 6902: 6900: 6893: 6886: 6880: 6879: 6872: 6870: 6863: 6856: 6849: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6836: 6829: 6822: 6815: 6808: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6792: 6785: 6783: 6776: 6769: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6751: 6744: 6742: 6735: 6728: 6721: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6703: 6696: 6689: 6683: 6682: 6675: 6669: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6643: 6638: 6629: 6626: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6596: 6594: 6588: 6587: 6585: 6578: 6571: 6564: 6562: 6555: 6549: 6548: 6541: 6534: 6532: 6525: 6518: 6512: 6511: 6504: 6497: 6495: 6486: 6479: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6434: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6323: 6320: 6298:(411–585) and 6153:Main article: 6150: 6147: 6121:Main article: 6118: 6115: 5727: 5724: 5524: 5521: 5490:code-switching 5480:areal features 5460: 5459: 5439: 5413: 5387:branch of the 5302: 5299: 4853:Moorish Iberia 4778: 4777: 4741: 4722:human emotions 4719: 4714:('wave') from 4704:('hawk') from 4683: 4667:('war'), from 4506:Main article: 4503: 4500: 4482:(I had been), 4231:consonant was 4040: 4037: 4021: 4020: 4001: 3972: 3943: 3914: 3885: 3859: 3830: 3801: 3763: 3760: 3655: 3654: 3619:Acre Time Zone 3595:Western Amazon 3588: 3578: 3530: 3512: 3472: 3440: 3415:. The city of 3402: 3368: 3320: 3288: 3239: 3236:Belo Horizonte 3234:respectively. 3187: 3155: 3120:Espírito Santo 3116:Rio de Janeiro 3102: 3045: 3009: 2968:decreolization 2960:Belo Horizonte 2917: 2914: 2892:Rio de Janeiro 2884:Luís de Camões 2868: 2867: 2856: 2842:distribution, 2826: 2808: 2790: 2760: 2742: 2730: 2729: 2722: 2721: 2704: 2683: 2643: 2622: 2609: 2592: 2575: 2558: 2533: 2498: 2495: 2458: 2455: 2416:European Union 2411: 2408: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2311: 2304: 2299: 2296: 2282: 2281: 2278: 2271: 2266: 2263: 2249: 2248: 2245: 2238: 2233: 2230: 2216: 2215: 2212: 2205: 2200: 2197: 2183: 2182: 2179: 2172: 2167: 2164: 2150: 2149: 2146: 2139: 2134: 2131: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2106: 2101: 2098: 2084: 2083: 2080: 2073: 2068: 2065: 2051: 2050: 2047: 2040: 2035: 2032: 2018: 2017: 2014: 2007: 2002: 1999: 1985: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1970: 1883: 1880: 1859: 1858: 1852: 1833: 1830: 1829: 1824: 1821: 1815: 1814: 1811: 1804: 1799: 1796: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1772: 1767: 1764: 1751: 1750: 1747: 1740: 1735: 1732: 1719: 1718: 1715: 1708: 1703: 1700: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1676: 1671: 1668: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1644: 1639: 1636: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1612: 1607: 1604: 1591: 1590: 1587: 1580: 1575: 1572: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1548: 1543: 1540: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1516: 1511: 1508: 1495: 1494: 1491: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1459: 1456: 1452:European Union 1337:Main article: 1334: 1331: 1197: 1194: 1087:Roman Catholic 1058:Estudos Gerais 1040:, a monk from 984:and Portuguese 895:Western Europe 862:, part of the 860:Celtic culture 845:Latin language 823:Main article: 820: 817: 789:European Union 645: 644: 631:, you may see 617: 616: 609: 603: 597: 596: 588: 587: 580: 574: 573: 566: 558: 557: 550: 545: 542: 541: 534: 526: 525: 516: 508: 507: 498: 490: 489: 488:Language codes 485: 484: 482: 481: 469: 459: 441: 439: 433: 432: 429: 428: 423: 418: 408: 397: 396: 395: 394: 392: 387: 384: 383: 381: 380: 366:One dependency 364: 363: 362: 360: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 308: 307: 306: 304: 301: 298: 297: 293: 292: 289: 282: 279: 278: 276: 275: 270: 259: 257: 253:Writing system 250: 247: 246: 244: 243: 242: 241: 240: 239: 220: 218: 215: 212: 211: 209: 208: 207: 206: 205: 204: 203: 202: 201: 200: 199: 198: 197: 196: 195: 194: 193: 192: 191: 190: 189: 188: 125: 123: 116: 113: 112: 101: 97: 96: 79: 78:Native to 75: 74: 61: 57: 56: 48: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 18211: 18200: 18197: 18195: 18192: 18190: 18187: 18185: 18182: 18180: 18177: 18175: 18172: 18170: 18167: 18165: 18162: 18160: 18157: 18155: 18152: 18150: 18147: 18145: 18142: 18140: 18137: 18135: 18132: 18130: 18127: 18125: 18122: 18120: 18117: 18115: 18112: 18111: 18109: 18094: 18091: 18089: 18086: 18084: 18081: 18079: 18076: 18074: 18071: 18069: 18066: 18064: 18061: 18060: 18058: 18054: 18048: 18045: 18041: 18036: 18033: 18031: 18028: 18026: 18023: 18021: 18018: 18014: 18009: 18006: 18004: 18001: 17997: 17992: 17989: 17988: 17986: 17982: 17974: 17968: 17965: 17963: 17960: 17958: 17957:East Timorese 17955: 17954: 17952: 17948: 17940: 17934: 17931: 17928: 17927: 17922: 17917: 17914: 17910: 17905: 17902: 17898: 17893: 17890: 17886: 17881: 17878: 17874: 17869: 17866: 17862: 17857: 17854: 17852: 17849: 17847: 17844: 17842: 17839: 17837: 17834: 17832: 17829: 17827: 17824: 17822: 17819: 17817: 17814: 17812: 17808: 17807: 17805: 17801: 17793: 17787: 17784: 17782: 17779: 17777: 17774: 17772: 17769: 17767: 17764: 17763: 17761: 17757: 17749: 17745: 17738: 17733: 17731: 17726: 17724: 17719: 17718: 17715: 17697: 17692: 17690: 17689:French Guiana 17687: 17685: 17682: 17681: 17679: 17673: 17668: 17662: 17659: 17657: 17654: 17652: 17649: 17647: 17644: 17642: 17639: 17637: 17634: 17632: 17629: 17627: 17624: 17622: 17619: 17617: 17614: 17612: 17609: 17607: 17604: 17603: 17601: 17599: 17595: 17591: 17584: 17579: 17577: 17572: 17570: 17565: 17564: 17561: 17549: 17546: 17544: 17541: 17540: 17538: 17534: 17528: 17525: 17523: 17520: 17518: 17515: 17513: 17510: 17508: 17505: 17503: 17502:Faroe Islands 17500: 17498: 17495: 17494: 17492: 17486: 17480: 17477: 17475: 17474:South Ossetia 17472: 17470: 17467: 17465: 17462: 17460: 17457: 17456: 17454: 17448: 17442: 17439: 17435: 17432: 17430: 17427: 17425: 17422: 17420: 17417: 17416: 17415: 17412: 17410: 17407: 17405: 17402: 17400: 17397: 17395: 17392: 17390: 17387: 17385: 17382: 17380: 17377: 17375: 17372: 17370: 17367: 17365: 17362: 17360: 17357: 17355: 17352: 17350: 17347: 17345: 17342: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17330: 17327: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17312: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17299:Liechtenstein 17297: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17278: 17275: 17273: 17270: 17268: 17265: 17263: 17260: 17258: 17255: 17253: 17250: 17248: 17245: 17243: 17240: 17238: 17235: 17233: 17230: 17228: 17225: 17223: 17220: 17218: 17215: 17213: 17210: 17208: 17205: 17203: 17200: 17198: 17195: 17193: 17190: 17188: 17185: 17183: 17180: 17178: 17175: 17173: 17170: 17169: 17167: 17163: 17159: 17152: 17147: 17145: 17140: 17138: 17133: 17132: 17129: 17116: 17112: 17110: 17106: 17103: 17101: 17097: 17094: 17093: 17090: 17084: 17083:Proto-Romance 17081: 17080: 17078: 17076:Reconstructed 17074: 17066: 17063: 17061: 17058: 17057: 17056: 17053: 17051: 17050: 17046: 17044: 17043: 17042:British Latin 17039: 17037: 17036: 17032: 17031: 17029: 17025: 17013: 17010: 17008: 17005: 17003: 17000: 16998: 16995: 16994: 16992: 16989: 16986: 16985: 16981: 16980: 16978: 16974: 16966: 16963: 16961: 16958: 16956: 16953: 16951: 16948: 16946: 16943: 16942: 16941: 16938: 16934: 16931: 16929: 16926: 16925: 16924: 16921: 16917: 16914: 16913: 16912: 16909: 16908: 16906: 16904: 16898: 16888: 16887: 16883: 16882: 16881: 16880: 16876: 16872: 16869: 16867: 16864: 16863: 16862: 16861:Vivaro-Alpine 16859: 16855: 16852: 16851: 16850: 16847: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16835: 16834: 16830: 16826: 16825: 16821: 16819: 16816: 16814: 16811: 16809: 16806: 16805: 16804: 16801: 16799: 16796: 16795: 16794: 16791: 16785: 16782: 16780: 16777: 16776: 16774: 16772: 16769: 16767: 16766: 16762: 16758: 16755: 16753: 16750: 16746: 16743: 16741: 16738: 16737: 16736: 16733: 16731: 16728: 16727: 16725: 16723: 16720: 16719: 16718: 16717: 16713: 16712: 16710: 16708: 16702: 16691: 16688: 16685: 16682: 16681: 16679: 16675: 16667: 16666: 16665:Old Navarrese 16662: 16661: 16660: 16659: 16655: 16653: 16650: 16646: 16643: 16642: 16641: 16638: 16636: 16635: 16631: 16630: 16628: 16624: 16618: 16617: 16613: 16609: 16606: 16604: 16601: 16599: 16596: 16592: 16589: 16587: 16584: 16582: 16579: 16577: 16574: 16570: 16567: 16566: 16565: 16562: 16561: 16560: 16559: 16555: 16551: 16548: 16544: 16541: 16540: 16539: 16536: 16532: 16529: 16528: 16527: 16524: 16523: 16522: 16521: 16517: 16515: 16514:Equatoguinean 16512: 16510: 16507: 16506: 16505: 16504: 16500: 16498: 16495: 16493: 16490: 16488: 16485: 16484: 16482: 16480: 16476: 16470: 16469: 16465: 16461: 16458: 16456: 16453: 16449: 16446: 16445: 16444: 16443: 16439: 16435: 16432: 16431: 16430: 16429: 16425: 16423: 16420: 16418: 16417: 16413: 16411: 16408: 16407: 16406: 16405: 16401: 16399: 16398: 16394: 16392: 16389: 16384: 16381: 16380: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16370: 16368: 16366: 16362: 16356: 16355: 16351: 16349: 16346: 16342: 16339: 16338: 16337: 16334: 16332: 16329: 16325: 16322: 16321: 16320: 16317: 16316: 16314: 16312: 16308: 16305: 16302: 16295: 16289: 16279: 16278: 16274: 16272: 16271: 16267: 16263: 16260: 16258: 16255: 16253: 16250: 16249: 16247: 16244: 16243: 16240: 16232: 16229: 16227: 16224: 16223: 16222: 16219: 16215: 16212: 16210: 16207: 16206: 16205: 16202: 16200: 16197: 16195: 16192: 16190: 16187: 16183: 16180: 16178: 16175: 16173: 16170: 16166: 16165: 16161: 16157: 16154: 16153: 16152: 16149: 16147: 16144: 16142: 16141: 16137: 16136: 16135: 16132: 16131: 16130: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16118: 16115: 16113: 16110: 16108: 16105: 16104: 16103: 16100: 16096: 16095: 16091: 16087: 16084: 16080: 16077: 16076: 16075: 16072: 16070: 16067: 16063: 16060: 16058: 16055: 16053: 16050: 16048: 16045: 16041: 16038: 16036: 16033: 16032: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16018: 16014: 16011: 16009: 16006: 16005: 16004: 16001: 16000: 15999: 15996: 15995: 15993: 15991: 15988: 15986: 15983: 15982: 15981: 15980: 15976: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15968:Frainc-Comtou 15966: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15953: 15952: 15949: 15947: 15944: 15942: 15939: 15937: 15934: 15932: 15929: 15928: 15926: 15924: 15918: 15915: 15913: 15907: 15899: 15896: 15895: 15894: 15891: 15889: 15888: 15884: 15878: 15875: 15873: 15870: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15852: 15851: 15848: 15846: 15843: 15841: 15838: 15834: 15831: 15829: 15826: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15816: 15815: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15802: 15799: 15798: 15797: 15794: 15793: 15792: 15789: 15785: 15782: 15780: 15777: 15776: 15775: 15772: 15771: 15770: 15767: 15765: 15764:Judeo-Italian 15762: 15758: 15755: 15753: 15750: 15748: 15745: 15743: 15740: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15730: 15729: 15728: 15725: 15723: 15720: 15718: 15715: 15713: 15710: 15704: 15701: 15699: 15696: 15695: 15694: 15691: 15687: 15684: 15682: 15679: 15678: 15677: 15674: 15673: 15672: 15669: 15668: 15666: 15664: 15660: 15657: 15655: 15651: 15641: 15638: 15634: 15631: 15629: 15628: 15624: 15623: 15622: 15619: 15618: 15616: 15612: 15604: 15601: 15597: 15594: 15592: 15589: 15587: 15584: 15582: 15579: 15575: 15572: 15571: 15570: 15567: 15565: 15562: 15560: 15559:Castelmezzano 15557: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15547: 15546: 15545: 15544: 15540: 15539: 15538: 15535: 15529: 15526: 15525: 15524: 15521: 15517: 15514: 15513: 15512: 15509: 15507: 15504: 15503: 15502: 15499: 15498: 15496: 15492: 15484: 15481: 15480: 15479: 15478: 15474: 15472: 15469: 15465: 15464:Swiss Italian 15462: 15460: 15457: 15455: 15452: 15450: 15447: 15446: 15445: 15444: 15440: 15436: 15433: 15432: 15431: 15428: 15424: 15421: 15419: 15416: 15414: 15411: 15407: 15404: 15402: 15399: 15397: 15394: 15393: 15392: 15389: 15388: 15387: 15384: 15383: 15381: 15377: 15374: 15372: 15366: 15360: 15359: 15355: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15345:Transylvanian 15343: 15341: 15338: 15336: 15333: 15331: 15328: 15326: 15323: 15321: 15318: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15307: 15306: 15305: 15304:Daco-Romanian 15301: 15299: 15296: 15294: 15291: 15289: 15286: 15285: 15283: 15281: 15277: 15271: 15268: 15264: 15261: 15259: 15256: 15255: 15254: 15253:Italo-Western 15251: 15249: 15246: 15245: 15243: 15239: 15234: 15230: 15223: 15218: 15216: 15211: 15209: 15204: 15203: 15200: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15179: 15177: 15173: 15167: 15164: 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15147: 15144: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15134: 15132: 15129: 15127: 15124: 15122: 15119: 15117: 15114: 15112: 15109: 15107: 15104: 15102: 15099: 15097: 15094: 15092: 15089: 15088: 15086: 15082: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15067: 15065: 15061: 15057: 15050: 15045: 15043: 15038: 15036: 15031: 15030: 15027: 15015: 15012: 15010: 15007: 15005: 15002: 15001: 14999: 14995: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14980: 14978: 14974: 14970: 14963: 14958: 14956: 14951: 14949: 14944: 14943: 14940: 14927: 14924: 14918: 14914: 14910: 14907: 14901: 14897: 14894: 14888: 14885: 14879: 14875: 14871: 14868: 14867: 14864: 14856: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14841: 14839: 14831: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14812: 14810: 14807: 14805: 14802: 14800: 14797: 14795: 14792: 14790: 14787: 14785: 14782: 14780: 14777: 14775: 14772: 14770: 14767: 14765: 14762: 14760: 14757: 14755: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14745: 14742: 14740: 14737: 14735: 14732: 14730: 14727: 14725: 14722: 14720: 14717: 14715: 14712: 14710: 14707: 14705: 14702: 14700: 14697: 14695: 14692: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14680: 14677: 14675: 14674:Guinea-Bissau 14672: 14670: 14667: 14665: 14662: 14660: 14657: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14645: 14642: 14640: 14637: 14635: 14632: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14622: 14620: 14617: 14615: 14612: 14610: 14607: 14605: 14602: 14600: 14597: 14595: 14592: 14590: 14587: 14585: 14582: 14580: 14577: 14575: 14572: 14570: 14567: 14565: 14562: 14560: 14557: 14556: 14554: 14550: 14546: 14539: 14534: 14532: 14527: 14525: 14520: 14519: 14516: 14504: 14501: 14499: 14496: 14494: 14491: 14489: 14486: 14484: 14481: 14479: 14476: 14474: 14471: 14469: 14466: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14454: 14451: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14439: 14436: 14434: 14431: 14429: 14426: 14425: 14423: 14419: 14413: 14410: 14408: 14405: 14403: 14400: 14399: 14397: 14393: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14367: 14364: 14363: 14361: 14357: 14347: 14344: 14342: 14339: 14337: 14334: 14332: 14329: 14327: 14324: 14322: 14319: 14317: 14314: 14312: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14302: 14299: 14297: 14294: 14292: 14289: 14288: 14286: 14282: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14262: 14260: 14258: 14254: 14248: 14245: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14235: 14233: 14230: 14229: 14227: 14225: 14221: 14215: 14212: 14210: 14207: 14206: 14204: 14202: 14198: 14192: 14189: 14187: 14184: 14182: 14179: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14128: 14126: 14124: 14120: 14114: 14111: 14109: 14106: 14104: 14101: 14099: 14096: 14095: 14093: 14091: 14087: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14048: 14046: 14043: 14041: 14038: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13988: 13987: 13985: 13983: 13979: 13973: 13970: 13968: 13965: 13963: 13960: 13958: 13955: 13954: 13952: 13950: 13946: 13940: 13937: 13935: 13932: 13930: 13927: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13900: 13897: 13895: 13892: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13881: 13879: 13877: 13873: 13867: 13864: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13852: 13849: 13847: 13844: 13843: 13841: 13839: 13835: 13829: 13826: 13824: 13821: 13819: 13816: 13814: 13811: 13809: 13806: 13804: 13801: 13799: 13796: 13794: 13791: 13789: 13786: 13784: 13781: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13755: 13753: 13751: 13747: 13744: 13738: 13730: 13727: 13726: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13713: 13710: 13709: 13708: 13705: 13704: 13702: 13698: 13692: 13689: 13687: 13684: 13683: 13681: 13677: 13673: 13666: 13661: 13659: 13654: 13652: 13647: 13646: 13643: 13631: 13628: 13627: 13625: 13621: 13615: 13612: 13611: 13609: 13605: 13599: 13596: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13586: 13585: 13583: 13579: 13573: 13570: 13569: 13567: 13563: 13559: 13552: 13547: 13545: 13540: 13538: 13533: 13532: 13529: 13523: 13516: 13508:from Wikidata 13507: 13506: 13494: 13490: 13489: 13477: 13473: 13472: 13460: 13456: 13455: 13443: 13439: 13438: 13426: 13422: 13421: 13409: 13405: 13404: 13392: 13388: 13387: 13375: 13374: 13371: 13365: 13358: 13354: 13349: 13345: 13344: 13339: 13334: 13333: 13323: 13319: 13316: 13315: 13310: 13307: 13303: 13299: 13295: 13291: 13287: 13283: 13279: 13275: 13270: 13266: 13265: 13260: 13259: 13255: 13252: 13249: 13248: 13243: 13240: 13237: 13236: 13231: 13228: 13227: 13222: 13221: 13216: 13212: 13209: 13206: 13203: 13199: 13196: 13193: 13190: 13186: 13183: 13180: 13177: 13173: 13170: 13167: 13164: 13160: 13157: 13154: 13142: 13138: 13132: 13128: 13127: 13121: 13106: 13099: 13098: 13092: 13080: 13076: 13070: 13066: 13065: 13059: 13047: 13043: 13037: 13033: 13032: 13027: 13026:Grønnum, Nina 13023: 13019: 13015: 13011: 13007: 13003: 12999: 12994: 12982: 12978: 12972: 12968: 12967: 12961: 12958: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12940: 12936: 12932: 12927: 12926: 12921: 12920: 12916: 12912: 12909: 12905: 12904: 12900: 12898: 12894: 12891: 12887: 12884: 12881: 12877: 12873: 12870: 12869: 12864: 12863: 12859: 12855: 12852: 12850: 12847: 12845: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12832: 12829: 12825: 12822: 12821: 12799: 12795: 12789: 12773: 12769: 12765: 12759: 12751: 12747: 12743: 12737: 12733: 12726: 12718: 12714: 12710: 12706: 12702: 12695: 12688: 12683: 12676: 12675:Grønnum (2005 12671: 12664: 12659: 12651: 12645: 12641: 12634: 12627: 12622: 12615: 12610: 12603: 12598: 12586: 12581: 12579: 12571: 12563: 12559: 12555: 12548: 12541: 12534: 12529: 12522: 12517: 12498: 12494: 12487: 12480: 12473: 12468: 12466: 12458: 12453: 12451: 12434: 12430: 12426: 12420: 12412: 12408: 12404: 12398: 12382: 12378: 12374: 12367: 12356: 12349: 12343: 12335: 12329: 12325: 12321: 12317: 12310: 12291: 12287: 12281: 12273: 12269: 12268: 12260: 12244: 12240: 12236: 12230: 12228: 12219: 12213: 12209: 12202: 12195: 12191: 12188: 12184: 12178: 12167: 12159: 12155: 12154: 12146: 12130: 12126: 12122: 12118: 12114: 12110: 12103: 12096: 12091: 12083: 12077: 12073: 12069: 12068: 12060: 12044: 12040: 12036: 12030: 12028: 12021: 12018:available on 12017: 12013: 12010: 12006: 12005:972-565-298-3 12002: 11998: 11993: 11974: 11967: 11964:Camus, Yves. 11960: 11941: 11937: 11933: 11929: 11921: 11914: 11907: 11896: 11892: 11891: 11883: 11867: 11863: 11857: 11849: 11843: 11842: 11837: 11832: 11813: 11809: 11802: 11795: 11793: 11776: 11772: 11768: 11762: 11743: 11735: 11729: 11727: 11707: 11703: 11696: 11695: 11687: 11685: 11668: 11664: 11660: 11654: 11638: 11634: 11628: 11624: 11620: 11619: 11611: 11604: 11600: 11594: 11590: 11586: 11581: 11580: 11571: 11555: 11551: 11545: 11541: 11537: 11536: 11528: 11520: 11516: 11512: 11508: 11504: 11500: 11493: 11477: 11473: 11469: 11463: 11447: 11443: 11439: 11435: 11431: 11427: 11420: 11418: 11409: 11403: 11399: 11395: 11388: 11372: 11368: 11364: 11358: 11339: 11335: 11331: 11324: 11317: 11301: 11296: 11291: 11287: 11283: 11279: 11272: 11253: 11246: 11239: 11232: 11227: 11211: 11207: 11203: 11197: 11181: 11177: 11171: 11155: 11151: 11147: 11141: 11125: 11121: 11117: 11111: 11095: 11091: 11087: 11081: 11074: 11070: 11064: 11048: 11044: 11040: 11034: 11018: 11014: 11010: 11006: 10999: 10980: 10976: 10972: 10964: 10957: 10938: 10934: 10930: 10922: 10915: 10896: 10888: 10881: 10862: 10854: 10850: 10849: 10841: 10822: 10818: 10814: 10807: 10800: 10784: 10780: 10774: 10763: 10759: 10751: 10744: 10736: 10732: 10725: 10717: 10713: 10709: 10705: 10698: 10679: 10675: 10671: 10663: 10659: 10658: 10650: 10634: 10630: 10624: 10608: 10604: 10600: 10594: 10586: 10582: 10576: 10568: 10564: 10560: 10553: 10537: 10533: 10529: 10522: 10506: 10502: 10496: 10480: 10476: 10470: 10451: 10444: 10438: 10422: 10418: 10414: 10408: 10392: 10388: 10382: 10366: 10362: 10358: 10352: 10337:on 1 May 2021 10336: 10332: 10328: 10322: 10306: 10302: 10298: 10292: 10276: 10272: 10266: 10264: 10262: 10260: 10243: 10239: 10233: 10217: 10213: 10207: 10191: 10187: 10183: 10177: 10161: 10157: 10153: 10147: 10141:, 2010 census 10138: 10132: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10112: 10106: 10105: 10100: 10095: 10086: 10080: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10067: 10058: 10052: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10032: 10026: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10006: 10000: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9987: 9985: 9968: 9964: 9960: 9954: 9952: 9935: 9931: 9927: 9921: 9919: 9902: 9898: 9894: 9888: 9872: 9868: 9862: 9843: 9836: 9829: 9827: 9825: 9818:, 5 June 2000 9817: 9813: 9810: 9804: 9785: 9778: 9771: 9755: 9751: 9744: 9728: 9724: 9722: 9714: 9698: 9694: 9687: 9671: 9667: 9663: 9657: 9641: 9637: 9630: 9614: 9610: 9604: 9588: 9584: 9578: 9562: 9558: 9552: 9544: 9538: 9534: 9527: 9519: 9518: 9511: 9507: 9504: 9499: 9483: 9479: 9475: 9469: 9461: 9460: 9453: 9449: 9446: 9441: 9425: 9421: 9414: 9412: 9395: 9391: 9385: 9369: 9365: 9359: 9343: 9339: 9333: 9325: 9321: 9315: 9299: 9295: 9289: 9270: 9263: 9257: 9241: 9237: 9233: 9227: 9211: 9207: 9200: 9184: 9180: 9173: 9166: 9165: 9158: 9150: 9148:0-08-044299-4 9144: 9140: 9139: 9134: 9127: 9108: 9104: 9100: 9093: 9086: 9070: 9066: 9060: 9041: 9034: 9028: 9020: 9014: 9011:. Routledge. 9010: 9009: 9001: 8985: 8981: 8977: 8971: 8955: 8951: 8947: 8941: 8925: 8921: 8917: 8911: 8909: 8900: 8894: 8890: 8886: 8879: 8870: 8869: 8860: 8852: 8851: 8846: 8840: 8833: 8821: 8817: 8816:Rua da Poesia 8813: 8807: 8800: 8788: 8784: 8780: 8774: 8767: 8755: 8751: 8747: 8743: 8736: 8729: 8716: 8712: 8711: 8706: 8699: 8692: 8687: 8685:9788572441605 8681: 8677: 8676:Grécia e Roma 8673: 8667: 8648: 8641: 8634: 8627: 8621: 8613: 8609: 8605: 8601: 8597: 8593: 8589: 8585: 8578: 8562: 8558: 8552: 8533: 8526: 8519: 8511: 8507: 8503: 8497: 8493: 8492: 8484: 8475: 8468: 8464: 8461: 8456: 8445: 8438: 8432: 8423: 8421: 8404: 8400: 8393: 8391: 8380: 8373: 8369: 8365: 8359: 8352: 8348: 8344: 8339: 8323: 8319: 8315: 8309: 8293: 8289: 8288: 8283: 8277: 8261: 8257: 8256: 8251: 8245: 8226: 8222: 8215: 8209: 8194: 8190: 8184: 8169: 8165: 8159: 8143: 8139: 8138:Latino Bridge 8135: 8129: 8113: 8109: 8103: 8095: 8089: 8085: 8078: 8062: 8058: 8054: 8047: 8031: 8027: 8023: 8017: 8001: 7997: 7993: 7987: 7985: 7983: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7952: 7948: 7947: 7939: 7923: 7919: 7915: 7909: 7890: 7886: 7882: 7874: 7867: 7851: 7847: 7843: 7837: 7831: 7826: 7818: 7812: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7797: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7703: 7699: 7693: 7688: 7685: 7674: 7665: 7662: 7661: 7660: 7658: 7650: 7646: 7645: 7644: 7642: 7641: 7627: 7623: 7619: 7615: 7611: 7607: 7604:The personal 7603: 7602: 7598: 7594: 7592: 7588: 7585: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7574: 7570: 7567: 7566: 7562: 7558: 7554: 7551: 7547: 7543: 7538: 7534: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7524: 7507: 7504: 7501: 7498: 7493: 7492: 7488: 7485: 7482: 7479: 7478: 7474: 7471: 7468: 7465: 7461: 7457: 7454: 7451: 7448: 7447: 7443: 7440: 7437: 7434: 7433: 7429: 7426: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7415: 7412: 7409: 7406: 7402: 7398: 7395: 7392: 7389: 7388: 7384: 7381: 7378: 7375: 7374: 7370: 7367: 7364: 7361: 7360: 7356: 7353: 7350: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7337:Euro-African 7336: 7335: 7321: 7312: 7298: 7294: 7290: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7276: 7272: 7268: 7264: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7236: 7229: 7215: 7211: 7207: 7203: 7200: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7173: 7158: 7146: 7143: 7139: 7135: 7130: 7118: 7115:are normally 7107: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7084: 7080: 7073:. In Brazil, 7070: 7060: 7056: 7052: 7048: 7040: 7025: 7022: 7019: 7013: 7008: 7000: 6994: 6987: 6983: 6982: 6981: 6980: 6972: 6968: 6965: 6961: 6959: 6957: 6953: 6950: 6945: 6941: 6938: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6925: 6924: 6921: 6917: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6894: 6891: 6887: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6868: 6864: 6861: 6857: 6854: 6850: 6847: 6843: 6842: 6839: 6834: 6830: 6827: 6823: 6820: 6816: 6813: 6809: 6807: 6803: 6800: 6797: 6793: 6790: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6777: 6774: 6770: 6767: 6763: 6762: 6759: 6756: 6752: 6749: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6736: 6733: 6729: 6726: 6722: 6720: 6716: 6713: 6708: 6704: 6701: 6697: 6694: 6690: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6671: 6670: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6636: 6625: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6604: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6586: 6583: 6579: 6576: 6572: 6569: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6539: 6535: 6530: 6526: 6523: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6502: 6498: 6496: 6492: 6487: 6484: 6480: 6477: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6467: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6435: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6416: 6408: 6404: 6399: 6392: 6388: 6385:, along with 6384: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6367: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6344: 6337: 6328: 6319: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6289: 6285: 6280: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6235: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6220:Gallo-Romance 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6189: 6174: 6156: 6146: 6144: 6139: 6137: 6132: 6130: 6124: 6112: 6107: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6094: 6093: 6088: 6087: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6071: 6067: 6066: 6061: 6057: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6041: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6026: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5974: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5939: 5934: 5930: 5929: 5924: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5899: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5741: 5737: 5732: 5723: 5720: 5719:língua vulgar 5716: 5712: 5707: 5705: 5701: 5695: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5668:La Alamedilla 5664: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5597: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5562: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5530: 5520: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5505: 5504: 5496: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5448: 5443: 5440: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5414: 5411: 5407: 5406: 5401: 5397: 5394: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5386: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5319: 5312: 5307: 5298: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5272:prae-exsuctus 5269: 5264: 5258: 5252: 5246: 5240: 5234: 5228: 5222: 5216: 5210: 5204: 5201: 5195: 5189: 5183: 5177: 5171: 5165: 5159: 5153: 5147: 5141: 5135: 5129: 5123: 5117: 5111: 5105: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5056: 5053: 5049: 5046: 5041: 5035: 5030: 5026: 5021: 5015: 5010: 5005: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4980: 4975: 4971: 4966: 4964: 4960: 4959: 4954: 4953: 4949: 4946:('tea') from 4944: 4939: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4925: 4916: 4912: 4907: 4903: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4860: 4854: 4850: 4845: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4734: 4728: 4723: 4720: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4686:natural world 4684: 4682:respectively; 4681: 4677: 4673: 4670: 4665: 4659: 4653: 4648: 4645: 4644: 4643: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4616: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4577: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4522: 4514: 4509: 4499: 4497: 4492: 4486: 4480: 4475: 4471: 4466: 4460: 4454: 4449: 4445: 4440: 4438: 4435:("good"), or 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4385: 4384: 4378: 4377: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4368: 4362: 4361: 4360: 4355:("brother"), 4354: 4353: 4352: 4346: 4345: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4336: 4330: 4329: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4320: 4314: 4310: 4309: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4300: 4294: 4293: 4292: 4287:(Portuguese: 4286: 4285: 4284: 4278: 4277: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4260: 4254: 4253: 4252: 4246: 4245: 4244: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4225: 4223: 4222: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4213: 4207: 4206: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4197: 4192:("to have"), 4191: 4190: 4189: 4184:("to exit"), 4183: 4182: 4181: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4164: 4160: 4159: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4112: 4111: 4110: 4104: 4103: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4094: 4088: 4087: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4078: 4072: 4071: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4062: 4056: 4055: 4050: 4046: 4036: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4019: 4018: 4013: 4002: 3999: 3995: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3973: 3970: 3966: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3944: 3941: 3937: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3915: 3912: 3908: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3896:Guinea-Bissau 3886: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3860: 3857: 3853: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3831: 3828: 3824: 3823: 3822:Cabo-verdiano 3818: 3813: 3802: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3766: 3765: 3759: 3756: 3750: 3744: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3717: 3714: 3708: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3659: 3652: 3648: 3645:. Within the 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3539: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3477: 3473: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3449:Florianópolis 3446: 3445: 3441: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3421:Florianópolis 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3325: 3321: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3303:states, i.e. 3302: 3298: 3297: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3249: 3244: 3240: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3166:, similar to 3165: 3161: 3160: 3156: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3112: 3107: 3103: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3083: 3075: 3069: 3065: 3062:. Similar to 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2990: 2985: 2981: 2980:lingua franca 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2924: 2920: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2866: 2865: 2860: No data 2852: 2846: 2840: 2834: 2822: 2816: 2804: 2798: 2786: 2780: 2774: 2768: 2756: 2750: 2738: 2726: 2719: 2715: 2714: 2709: 2705: 2702: 2699:and parts of 2698: 2694: 2693: 2688: 2684: 2681: 2677: 2676: 2671: 2665: 2661: 2656: 2648: 2644: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2632: 2627: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2614: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2585: 2580: 2576: 2573: 2569: 2568: 2563: 2559: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2543: 2538: 2534: 2531: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2517: 2516: 2511: 2503: 2494: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2475: 2469: 2464: 2454: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2363: 2362:South America 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2312: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2284: 2283: 2279: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2251: 2250: 2246: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2218: 2217: 2213: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2152: 2151: 2147: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2119: 2118: 2114: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2086: 2085: 2081: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1987: 1986: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1955:Daman and Diu 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1935: 1934: 1933:lingua franca 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1879: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1828: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1785: 1784: 1780: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1753: 1752: 1748: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1721: 1720: 1716: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1657: 1656: 1652: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1634:Guinea-Bissau 1625: 1624: 1620: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1593: 1592: 1588: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1497: 1496: 1492: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1466: 1462:According to 1455: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1440:African Union 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1387:Guinea-Bissau 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1349: 1345: 1340: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1315:Daman and Diu 1312: 1308: 1303: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1203: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1180: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1153: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1088: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1078:lingua franca 1074: 1070: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1012:in Christian 1011: 1007: 1002: 1000: 996: 992: 983: 979: 974: 970: 968: 965:of which the 964: 960: 955: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 893:collapsed in 892: 887: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 832: 826: 816: 814: 810: 806: 805:African Union 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 781:Latin America 778: 774: 773:South America 770: 766: 762: 758: 753: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 730: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 696:Guinea-Bissau 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 664: 660:or, in full, 659: 655: 651: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 624: 618: 594: 589: 585: 581: 579: 575: 571: 567: 565: 564: 559: 555: 551: 548: 547:Linguist List 543: 539: 535: 532: 527: 522: 517: 514: 509: 504: 499: 496: 491: 486: 477: 473: 470: 468: 463: 460: 456: 451: 446: 443: 442: 440: 438: 434: 427: 424: 422: 419: 416: 412: 409: 407: 404: 403: 400: 393: 385: 378: 374: 371: 370: 367: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 342:Guinea-Bissau 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 314: 311: 305: 299: 294: 290: 286: 280: 274: 271: 268: 264: 261: 260: 258: 254: 248: 238: 235: 234: 233: 232:Proto-Romance 230: 229: 228: 225: 224: 223: 219: 213: 187: 184: 183: 182: 179: 178: 177: 174: 173: 172: 169: 168: 167: 163: 160: 159: 158: 155: 154: 153: 152:Italo-Western 150: 149: 148: 145: 144: 143: 140: 139: 138: 135: 134: 133: 130: 129: 128: 127:Indo-European 124: 120: 114: 110: 105: 102: 98: 95: 91: 87: 83: 80: 76: 72: 66: 62: 60:Pronunciation 58: 54: 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 18035:Transmontano 17929: 17809: 17800:Pan-American 17795:Pan-American 17771:Cape Verdean 17743: 17672:Dependencies 17479:Transnistria 17441:Vatican City 17104: 17095: 17047: 17040: 17033: 16982: 16884: 16877: 16839:Languedocien 16831: 16824:Judeo-Gascon 16822: 16763: 16714: 16684:Barranquenho 16663: 16656: 16632: 16614: 16556: 16518: 16501: 16492:Extremaduran 16466: 16440: 16426: 16414: 16403: 16402: 16395: 16352: 16311:Asturleonese 16275: 16268: 16226:West Walloon 16214:Saintongeais 16162: 16138: 16134:Anglo-Norman 16092: 16025:Newfoundland 15985:Jersey Legal 15977: 15885: 15850:Southwestern 15833:Vallassinese 15722:Gallo-Picene 15663:Gallo-Italic 15625: 15541: 15536: 15475: 15441: 15356: 15302: 14982: 14909:Saint Helena 14880:   14784:South Africa 14774:Sierra Leone 14579:Burkina Faso 14421:Non-official 14407:Ka'apor Sign 13990:Akwẽ-Xerénte 13783:Enawenê-Nawê 13623:Non-official 13588:Barranquenho 13571: 13503: 13491:of Knowledge 13486: 13469: 13452: 13435: 13418: 13406:from Commons 13401: 13384: 13363: 13341: 13313: 13305: 13301: 13277: 13273: 13245: 13233: 13145:. Retrieved 13125: 13112:. Retrieved 13105:the original 13096: 13083:. Retrieved 13063: 13050:. Retrieved 13030: 13004:(2): 90–94. 13001: 12997: 12985:. Retrieved 12965: 12956: 12938: 12934: 12901: 12885: 12871: 12848: 12839: 12823: 12802:. Retrieved 12788: 12776:. Retrieved 12767: 12758: 12731: 12725: 12708: 12704: 12694: 12682: 12670: 12658: 12639: 12633: 12626:Thomas (1974 12621: 12609: 12597: 12568: 12562:the original 12557: 12553: 12540: 12528: 12516: 12504:. Retrieved 12492: 12479: 12437:. Retrieved 12433:the original 12428: 12419: 12411:the original 12406: 12397: 12385:. Retrieved 12381:the original 12376: 12366: 12355:the original 12342: 12315: 12309: 12297:. Retrieved 12271: 12266: 12259: 12247:. Retrieved 12238: 12207: 12201: 12182: 12177: 12166:the original 12157: 12152: 12145: 12133:. Retrieved 12116: 12112: 12102: 12094: 12090: 12066: 12059: 12047:. Retrieved 12020:Google Books 11996: 11992: 11980:. Retrieved 11973:the original 11959: 11947:. Retrieved 11927: 11913: 11905: 11898:. Retrieved 11889: 11882: 11872:21 September 11870:. Retrieved 11856: 11839: 11831: 11821:21 September 11819:. Retrieved 11807: 11779:. Retrieved 11775:the original 11771:Galicia Hoxe 11770: 11761: 11749:. Retrieved 11713:. Retrieved 11701: 11693: 11671:. Retrieved 11662: 11653: 11641:. Retrieved 11617: 11610: 11602: 11578: 11570: 11558:. Retrieved 11534: 11527: 11502: 11498: 11492: 11482:23 September 11480:. Retrieved 11471: 11462: 11450:. Retrieved 11436:(1): 33–53. 11433: 11429: 11397: 11387: 11375:. Retrieved 11366: 11357: 11345:. Retrieved 11333: 11329: 11316: 11304:. Retrieved 11288:(1): 13–31. 11285: 11281: 11271: 11259:. Retrieved 11252:the original 11238: 11226: 11216:25 September 11214:. Retrieved 11210:the original 11205: 11196: 11186:25 September 11184:. Retrieved 11180:the original 11170: 11158:. Retrieved 11154:the original 11149: 11140: 11128:. Retrieved 11119: 11110: 11098:. 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Retrieved 10360: 10351: 10339:. Retrieved 10335:the original 10331:www.cplp.org 10330: 10321: 10309:. Retrieved 10300: 10291: 10279:. Retrieved 10275:the original 10246:. Retrieved 10242:the original 10232: 10220:. Retrieved 10216:the original 10206: 10194:. Retrieved 10186:UOL Notícias 10185: 10176: 10164:. Retrieved 10155: 10146: 10128: 10120: 10102: 10094: 10076: 10048: 10040: 10022: 10014: 9996: 9971:. Retrieved 9962: 9938:. Retrieved 9929: 9905:. Retrieved 9896: 9887: 9875:. Retrieved 9871:the original 9861: 9849:. Retrieved 9842:the original 9803: 9791:. Retrieved 9784:the original 9770: 9758:. Retrieved 9743: 9731:. Retrieved 9727:the original 9720: 9713: 9701:. Retrieved 9686: 9674:. Retrieved 9665: 9656: 9644:. Retrieved 9629: 9617:. Retrieved 9603: 9591:. Retrieved 9587:the original 9577: 9565:. Retrieved 9561:the original 9551: 9532: 9526: 9516: 9498: 9486:. Retrieved 9477: 9468: 9458: 9440: 9428:. Retrieved 9398:. Retrieved 9384: 9372:. 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Retrieved 8192: 8183: 8171:. Retrieved 8167: 8158: 8146:. Retrieved 8137: 8128: 8116:. Retrieved 8102: 8083: 8077: 8065:. Retrieved 8056: 8046: 8034:. Retrieved 8030:the original 8025: 8016: 8004:. Retrieved 7995: 7969:. Retrieved 7950: 7945: 7938: 7926:. Retrieved 7922:the original 7917: 7908: 7896:. Retrieved 7889:the original 7884: 7880: 7866: 7854:. Retrieved 7845: 7836: 7825: 7808: 7800: 7663: 7659:in English: 7656: 7654: 7638: 7636: 7625: 7621: 7596: 7590: 7586: 7578: 7572: 7568: 7549: 7545: 7541: 7526: 7332:Translation 7326:Before 1990 7297:inflectional 7263:vowel height 7251:grave accent 7243:acute accent 7233: 7195: 7141: 7137: 7047:uvular trill 6992: 6985: 6978: 6977: 6611: 6304:nasal vowels 6281: 6263: 6259:Roman Empire 6255:Vulgar Latin 6243:nasal vowels 6236: 6230:(especially 6193: 6140: 6133: 6126: 6099: 6090: 6084: 6072: 6063: 6059: 6048: 6038: 6034: 6022: 6015: 6007: 6002:, Bulgarian 5999: 5995: 5989: 5982:sweet orange 5975: 5971:Matteo Ricci 5962: 5951:Romanization 5936: 5926: 5917:. In nearby 5896: 5893:Sranan Tongo 5817:Manado Malay 5806: 5740:Malacca City 5736:Memento mori 5718: 5714: 5710: 5708: 5703: 5696: 5691: 5683: 5675: 5665: 5656: 5648: 5640: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5598: 5593: 5589: 5563: 5538: 5532: 5517: 5511:barranquenho 5501:dialeto dos 5484: 5472:West Iberian 5461: 5451: 5446: 5428:Extremaduran 5409: 5404: 5385:West Iberian 5382: 5323:West Iberian 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5280:presunto cru 5279: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5205: 5113:('jacket'), 5090: 5085: 5054: 5047: 5045:Tupi–Guarani 5008: 4992: 4982: 4967: 4956: 4950: 4935: 4920: 4899: 4889: 4879: 4869: 4858: 4846: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4779: 4773: 4763: 4753: 4743: 4737: 4721: 4715: 4705: 4695: 4685: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4646: 4617: 4578: 4572:and adopted 4555: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4491:vós vivêreis 4441: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4380: 4372: 4364: 4356: 4348: 4340: 4332: 4324: 4316: 4312: 4304: 4296: 4288: 4280: 4272: 4264: 4256: 4248: 4240: 4232: 4226: 4217: 4209: 4201: 4193: 4185: 4177: 4169: 4165: 4163:intervocalic 4154: 4153:, from Lat. 4146: 4138: 4130: 4122: 4114: 4106: 4098: 4090: 4089:, from Lat. 4082: 4074: 4066: 4058: 4052: 4049:Vulgar Latin 4042: 4022: 4016: 3992: 3963: 3934: 3905: 3877: 3873: 3850: 3821: 3785: 3745: 3718: 3688: 3666: 3663:Minas Gerais 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3613:, the First 3603:Boca do Acre 3590: 3580: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3536: 3532: 3526: 3522: 3514: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3484: 3474: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3442: 3428: 3424: 3404: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3370: 3349:low prestige 3340: 3336: 3322: 3308: 3301:Amazon Basin 3294: 3290: 3256: 3247: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3216:southeastern 3207: 3203: 3196:Minas Gerais 3189: 3175: 3167: 3157: 3151: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3124:Minas Gerais 3110: 3063: 3047: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3016: 3012: 2989:bandeirantes 2987: 2966:appeared by 2963: 2955: 2943: 2932:Minas Gerais 2921: 2910: 2764: 50-50 2713:Transmontano 2712: 2691: 2674: 2662:building of 2630: 2617: 2604: 2600: 2583: 2566: 2553:), with the 2541: 2524: 2491: 2460: 2428: 2413: 2385: 2366: 2353: 2339: 2129:South Africa 1951:Kuala Lumpur 1931: 1916:South Africa 1885: 1876: 1861: 1818: 1463: 1461: 1417: 1403: 1358: 1352: 1304: 1253: 1232: 1183: 1176: 1149: 1124: 1122: 1101: 1084: 1076: 1066: 1057: 1029: 1025: 1010:lyric poetry 1003: 987: 956: 923:Vulgar Latin 891:Roman Empire 888: 879: 874:, after the 871: 867: 834: 754: 738:Vulgar Latin 649: 648: 620: 578:Linguasphere 561: 471: 461: 444: 421:South Africa 285:Signed forms 227:Vulgar Latin 185: 176:West Iberian 40: 18038: [ 18011: [ 17994: [ 17919: [ 17907: [ 17904:Brasiliense 17895: [ 17883: [ 17871: [ 17859: [ 17517:Isle of Man 17452:recognition 17399:Switzerland 17334:Netherlands 17060:Campidanese 16886:Old Catalan 16879:Old Occitan 16616:Old Spanish 16550:Rioplatense 16354:Old Leonese 16182:Cotentinais 16146:Guernésiais 16069:Frenchville 16062:New England 15941:Bourbonnais 15893:Piedmontese 15887:Old Lombard 15779:Bergamasque 15703:Sammarinese 14836:recognition 14789:South Sudan 14679:Ivory Coast 14433:Vlax Romani 14412:Terena Sign 14376:Macarrônico 14257:Nambikwaran 14015:Djeoromitxí 13386:Definitions 13336:‹ The 13302:Vossa Mercê 13114:25 December 13052:25 December 12614:Bisol (2005 12585:Bisol (2005 12506:22 December 12387:14 November 12299:14 November 12119:: 715–748. 12049:11 December 11936:10216/20003 11643:19 November 11560:19 November 11336:: 362–367. 11053:27 November 10935:: 166–175. 9666:PR Newswire 9392:. Cia.gov. 9133:Keith Brown 9116:17 November 9105:(1): 1–27. 8656:21 February 8298:20 November 8266:20 November 8198:9 September 8173:9 September 7633:Sample text 7463:Diacritics 7283:, but some 7221:Orthography 7101:. See also 7024:Bisol (2005 6884:Approximant 6334:in central 6253:, from the 6062:), Turkish 6060:p'ort'oxali 5928:Nippo Jisho 5661:Extremadura 5503:brasiguaios 5296:castellano. 5218:('pilot'), 5212:('pasta'), 5173:('steak'), 4589:Lusitanians 4560:and Celtic 4528:, with its 4479:eu estivera 4235:, it often 3964:Moçambicano 3515:Brasiliense 3501:norma culta 3174:. The word 3162: – in 3017:Costa norte 3002:stigmatized 2934:, northern 2660:post office 2557:subdialect. 1920:Ivory Coast 1823:288,588,042 1510:203,062,512 1292:Switzerland 1178:The Lusiads 1156:Olavo Bilac 1141:Renaissance 876:Lusitanians 752:phonology. 635:instead of 472:Mozambique: 216:Early forms 18108:Categories 18030:Oliventine 18020:Estremenho 17851:Paulistano 17816:Amazofonia 17786:São Tomean 17781:Mozambican 17369:San Marino 17329:Montenegro 17309:Luxembourg 17289:Kazakhstan 17192:Azerbaijan 17107:indicates 17065:Logudorese 16598:Philippine 16564:Andalusian 16558:Peninsular 16448:Estremenho 16404:Portuguese 16331:Cantabrian 16164:Law French 16156:Sercquiais 15990:Meridional 15951:Champenois 15946:Burgundian 15757:Tabarchino 15747:Monégasque 15686:Parmigiano 15543:Neapolitan 15516:Manduriano 15483:Florentine 15350:Wallachian 15320:Bukovinian 15187:Indonesian 15070:Portuguese 14983:Portuguese 14891:(Portugal) 14849:Somaliland 14769:Seychelles 14734:Mozambique 14719:Mauritania 14704:Madagascar 14659:The Gambia 14594:Cape Verde 14371:Lanc-Patuá 14270:Nambikwara 14201:Chapacuran 14176:Tenetehara 14050:Mẽbêngôkre 14010:Chiquitano 13919:Pará Arára 13904:Hixkaryana 13740:Indigenous 13712:Pomeranian 13686:Portuguese 13572:Portuguese 13471:Phrasebook 13420:Quotations 13250:(1809 pp.) 12865:Literature 11841:Ethnologue 11587:. p.  11452:20 January 11069:nordestino 10585:InfoEscola 10397:22 January 10156:www.ine.pt 10130:Ethnologue 10104:Ethnologue 10078:Ethnologue 10050:Ethnologue 10024:Ethnologue 9998:Ethnologue 9897:www.ine.pt 9877:12 October 9851:5 February 9752:. Oei.es. 9703:1 November 9676:7 February 9236:www.gov.za 8793:13 October 8760:13 October 8721:13 October 8409:24 January 8351:Portuguese 8328:10 October 8067:15 October 8036:15 October 8006:7 February 7971:22 January 7856:1 November 7810:Ethnologue 7805:Portuguese 7787:References 7606:infinitive 7435:eléctrico 7430:direction 7357:anonymous 7340:Brazilian 7329:Agreement 7293:morphology 7277:purposes. 7257:, and the 7188:fricatives 6679:labialized 6628:Consonants 6375:Fontainhas 6352:Mozambique 6350:Museum of 6312:Old French 6288:vernacular 6269:Lusitanian 6265:Gallaecian 6247:allophones 6226:) and the 6202:, whereas 6145:ancestry. 6143:Portuguese 6086:portogallo 6081:Neapolitan 6029:, Persian 6020:Macedonian 5881:Lanc-Patuá 5813:Indonesian 5745:See also: 5527:See also: 5432:Cantabrian 5335:endangered 5290:('mane'), 5284:castelhano 5233:maccherone 5004:marimbondo 4909:A sign at 4890:al-makhzan 4838:Visigothic 4836:and later 4769:esfarrapar 4724:, such as 4688:, such as 4649:, such as 4562:Gallaecian 4558:Lusitanian 4502:Vocabulary 4474:pluperfect 4459:amar-te-ei 4448:mesoclisis 4431:("hand"), 4255:("frog"), 4247:("hand"), 4029:vocabulary 3993:Santomense 3954:Mozambique 3841:East Timor 3812:Cape Verde 3683:geraizeiro 3575:deforested 3571:fluminense 3559:nordestino 3555:amazofonia 3549:and often 3523:fluminense 3485:fluminense 3481:sociolects 3465:fluminense 3395:nordestino 3324:Paulistano 3309:nordestino 3296:amazofonia 3248:Nordestino 3224:fluminense 3204:fluminense 3152:fluminense 3142:, however 3136:Fluminense 3128:Fluminense 3111:Fluminense 3097:sociolects 3064:nordestino 3042:nordestino 3038:nordestino 3034:nordestino 3030:amazofonia 3022:fluminense 2984:Centro-Sul 2675:Madeirense 2631:Estremenho 2555:Oliventine 2542:Alentejano 2445:, also in 2265:15,411,614 2232:16,591,390 2133:57,725,600 2100:31,568,179 2034:43,847,430 1983:Spoken by 1972:Population 1846:Anglophone 1762:Cape Verde 1698:East Timor 1606:10,467,366 1574:32,513,805 1570:Mozambique 1542:35,981,281 1493:Spoken by 1391:Mozambique 1379:East Timor 1375:Cape Verde 1280:Luxembourg 1236:Mozambique 1090:missionary 1016:, much as 969:was part. 829:See also: 807:, and the 712:East Timor 700:Mozambique 692:Cape Verde 650:Portuguese 347:Mozambique 332:East Timor 327:Cape Verde 186:Portuguese 46:Portuguese 18088:Phonology 18003:Alentejan 17933:Uruguayan 17916:Recifense 17856:Sertanejo 17811:Brazilian 17661:Venezuela 17606:Argentina 17507:Gibraltar 17304:Lithuania 17115:varieties 17098:indicate 17055:Sardinian 17012:Triestine 16960:Sursilvan 16871:Mentonasc 16849:Provençal 16798:Auvergnat 16784:Valencian 16740:Mallorcan 16730:Algherese 16705:Occitano- 16652:Navarrese 16640:Aragonese 16576:Castilian 16479:Castilian 16455:Uruguayan 16428:Brazilian 16391:Minderico 16385:/Eonavian 16348:Mirandese 16262:Valdôtain 16248:/Arpitan 16189:Orléanais 16140:Auregnais 16124:Mayennais 16074:Louisiana 15956:Ardennais 15936:Berrichon 15742:Intemelio 15698:Forlivese 15681:Bolognese 15627:Dalmatian 15591:Tarantino 15554:Benevento 15511:Salentino 15471:Sassarese 15435:Gallurese 15418:Romanesco 15371:Dalmatian 15335:Moldavian 15330:Maramureș 15288:Aromanian 15131:Kawaimina 14988:Cantonese 14724:Mauritius 14438:Hungarian 14161:Nheengatu 14156:Munduruku 14146:Kagwahiva 14065:Rikbaktsa 13962:Kashinawa 13818:Wapishana 13758:Asháninka 13742:languages 13598:Mirandese 13593:Minderico 13454:Resources 13437:Textbooks 13147:8 January 13018:249414876 12804:9 January 12778:9 January 12665::5–6, 11) 12535::228–229) 12125:1540-4889 11751:5 October 11347:10 August 11306:10 August 11261:10 August 10988:10 August 10946:10 August 10904:10 August 10870:10 August 10674:1884/3955 9793:4 October 9503:Venezuela 9294:"Bermuda" 8826:24 August 8612:164609309 8604:0267-5315 8510:234431540 7792:Citations 7444:electric 7441:elétrico 7438:elétrico 7421:direcção 7289:etymology 7275:collation 7267:diaeresis 7157:allophone 7136:(written 7134:sibilants 7018:nasalizes 6993:(ele) riu 6890:semivowel 6812:voiceless 6806:Fricative 6725:voiceless 6516:Close-mid 6356:Manueline 6316:Gallaecia 6300:Visigoths 6251:Gallaecia 6208:Sardinian 6149:Phonology 6092:purtuallo 6056:ფორთოხალი 6040:portocală 6035:porteghal 6016:portokáli 6012:πορτοκάλι 6010:), Greek 5991:portokall 5923:Holy Week 5919:Larantuka 5915:Indonesia 5853:Afrikaans 5821:Malayalam 5809:loanwords 5803:Tok Pisin 5702:, in the 5613:chapurráu 5590:eonaviego 5551:Cantabria 5450:(the way 5416:Mirandese 5410:riverense 5408:(the way 5351:Mirandese 5059:pineapple 5027:'), from 5009:kubungula 4880:al-khassa 4830:Henriques 4826:toponymic 4798:Esposende 4794:Ermesinde 4733:orgulhoso 4706:*gabilans 4632:Visigoths 4574:loanwords 4485:eu vivera 4453:dar-te-ei 4439:("dog"). 4347:("dog"), 4237:nasalized 4227:When the 3906:Guineense 3851:Timorense 3740:tu visse? 3728:tu viste? 3581:Recifense 3547:sertanejo 3527:sertanejo 3379:Tocantins 3371:Sertanejo 3060:Tocantins 2998:Nheengatu 2928:São Paulo 2906:São Paulo 2692:Portuense 2658:The main 2431:Red Cross 2373:Argentina 2298:1,343,098 2199:5,125,821 2166:2,606,971 2096:Venezuela 2067:7,052,984 2030:Argentina 2001:3,444,006 1947:Sri Lanka 1924:Mauritius 1892:Venezuela 1864:Lusophone 1849:Hong Kong 1702:1,340,513 1670:1,679,172 1638:2,078,820 1309:, namely 1296:Venezuela 1258:(17.1%), 1224:lusophone 1190:São Paulo 1174:epic poem 1118:Indonesia 1110:Sri Lanka 993:from the 948:loanwords 944:Mozarabic 911:Visigoths 884:Lusophone 835:When the 813:Lusophone 724:Lusophone 658:português 563:Glottolog 531:ISO 639-3 513:ISO 639-2 495:ISO 639-1 222:Old Latin 53:português 18093:Portuñol 18056:See also 18025:Nortenho 18008:Algarvio 17991:Açoriano 17981:European 17976:European 17651:Suriname 17641:Paraguay 17626:Colombia 17527:Svalbard 17512:Guernsey 17459:Abkhazia 17429:Scotland 17384:Slovenia 17379:Slovakia 17354:Portugal 17212:Bulgaria 16991:Venetian 16965:Vallader 16955:Surmiran 16928:Cadorino 16911:Friulian 16844:Limousin 16813:Béarnese 16775:Western 16757:Northern 16745:Menorcan 16735:Balearic 16726:Eastern 16722:dialects 16581:Castrapo 16538:Peruvian 16509:dialects 16442:European 16410:dialects 16397:Portugis 16378:Galician 16319:Asturian 16257:Savoyard 16209:Poitevin 16177:Cauchois 16151:Jèrriais 15998:Canadian 15877:Varesino 15872:Ticinese 15860:Novarese 15855:Cremunés 15845:Ossolano 15840:Milanese 15828:Lecchese 15796:Brianzöö 15727:Ligurian 15693:Romagnol 15574:Arianese 15569:Irpinian 15564:Cilentan 15528:Pantesco 15523:Sicilian 15494:Southern 15430:Corsican 15406:Macerata 15401:Fabriano 15340:Oltenian 15310:dialects 15270:Southern 15161:Tokodede 15141:Makalero 15111:Fataluku 14976:Official 14915: / 14911: / 14904:(France) 14898: / 14876: / 14872: / 14824:Zimbabwe 14799:Tanzania 14649:Ethiopia 14644:Eswatini 14624:Djibouti 14589:Cameroon 14574:Botswana 14473:Romanian 14428:Japanese 14321:Katawixi 14316:Kanamarí 14265:Mamaindê 14224:Tukanoan 14171:Tapirapé 14070:Tapayúna 14045:Maxakalí 14020:Kaingang 13982:Macro-Jê 13972:Yaminawa 13934:Ye'kuana 13851:Jamamadí 13823:Warekena 13793:Mehinaku 13788:Mapidian 13773:Barawana 13750:Arawakan 13338:template 13318:Archived 13274:Hispania 13232:(2000), 13211:Archived 13198:Archived 13185:Archived 13172:Archived 13159:Archived 13141:Archived 13079:Archived 13046:Archived 13028:(2005). 12981:Archived 12911:Archived 12893:Archived 12854:Archived 12831:Archived 12798:Archived 12772:Archived 12750:39007172 12717:44938469 12497:Archived 12493:UToronto 12290:Archived 12249:24 March 12243:Archived 12190:Archived 12181:Such as 12135:24 March 12129:Archived 12043:Archived 12012:Archived 11940:Archived 11928:Máthesis 11866:Archived 11836:Galician 11812:Archived 11742:Archived 11706:Archived 11673:27 April 11667:Archived 11637:Archived 11554:Archived 11499:Hispania 11476:Archived 11446:Archived 11442:43344757 11371:Archived 11338:Archived 11300:Archived 11124:Archived 11075:accents. 11073:nortista 11047:Archived 11023:18 April 11017:Archived 10937:Archived 10821:Archived 10716:Archived 10708:Sínteses 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Index

Portuguese Language
Português (cigarette)
Português (coin)
[puɾtuˈɣeʃ]
[poʁtuˈɡe(j)s]
Portugal
Brazil
Lusophone Africa
Portuguese-speaking world
L1
L2
Language family
Indo-European
Italic
Latino-Faliscan
Latin
Romance
Italo-Western
Western Romance
Gallo
Iberian
Iberian Romance
West Iberian
Galician–Portuguese
Old Latin
Vulgar Latin
Proto-Romance
Galician–Portuguese
Writing system
Latin

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