Knowledge

West Iberian languages

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There is controversy over whether the members of the modern Galician-Portuguese and Astur-Leonese sub-groups are languages or dialects. A common, though disputed, classification is to state that Portuguese and Galician are separate languages, as are Asturian, Leonese, and Mirandese. Cantabrian and
454:, who privileged Castilian Spanish over the other Iberian languages), Spanish and Portuguese have tended to overtake and to a large extent absorb their sister languages while they kept diverging from each other. 442:
territories. This is still the situation in a few regions, particularly in the northern part of the peninsula, but due to the differing sociopolitical histories of these languages (independence of
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Extremaduran are considered codialects of the Leonese language for UNESCO, whereas the latter is a Castilian dialect in the ISO codes.
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covering the western, central and southern parts of the Iberian Peninsula—excepting the
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is a mixed language with features of Spanish and Portuguese.
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UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
65: 796: 1488: 649: 631: 616: 2811: 464:is a West Iberian creole language spoken in the 728: 701: 699: 682: 680: 2794: 2737: 782: 446:since the early 12th century, unification of 2678:languages with more than 5 million speakers 696: 677: 2801: 2787: 2744: 2730: 2261:(mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance) 789: 775: 430:Until a few centuries ago, they formed a 665: 351:that includes the Castilian languages ( 2812: 492:. Daggers indicate extinct languages. 770: 747: 16:Branch of the Ibero-Romance languages 2753: 2696: 756:, where Cantabrian is listed in the 2047: 450:in the late 15th century under the 13: 2682:Languages between parentheses are 196:Languages of the Iberian Peninsula 14: 2841: 2562:(unknown further classification) 483: 2757: 2700: 468:and believed to be derived from 190: 2686:of the language on their left. 2556:(Western Romance-based pidgin) 758:Astur-Leonese linguistic group 722: 1: 715: 2825:Indo-European language stubs 2773:. You can help Knowledge by 2716:. You can help Knowledge by 7: 2553:Mediterranean Lingua Franca 729:MenĂ©ndez Pidal, R (2006) . 689:is sometimes considered an 10: 2846: 2752: 2695: 2255:(mixed Portuguese–Spanish) 1281:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata 1075:Central−Southern Calabrian 383:), and the descendants of 2660: 2644: 2595: 2544: 2468: 2272: 2245: 2194: 2046: 1932: 1878: 1859: 1810: 1477: 1230: 1221: 1182: 1062: 947: 936: 847: 809: 733:. LeĂłn: El Buho Viajero. 298:(classification disputed) 210:(classification disputed) 189: 169: 144: 73:Linguistic classification 71: 31: 26: 21: 1563:North American dialects 1070:Extreme Southern Italian 670: 427:) may also be included. 2767:Indo-European languages 982:Central−Northern Latian 693:or a Castilian dialect. 349:Ibero-Romance languages 27:Western Iberian Romance 2830:West Iberian languages 2820:Romance language stubs 2769:-related article is a 1286:Gallo-Italic of Sicily 1773:Poitevin–Saintongeais 199:West Iberian Romance: 1582:St. Marys Bay French 1106:Neapolitan–Calabrese 666:Notes and references 2708:This article about 1934:Galician–Portuguese 960:Central Marchigiano 572:Galician-Portuguese 385:Galician-Portuguese 347:is a branch of the 163:Pyrenean–Mozarabic? 159:Galician–Portuguese 2348:Catalan Ribagorçan 2195:Pyrenean–Mozarabic 1467:Judaeo-Piedmontese 1377:Bustocco–Legnanese 1172:Northern Calabrian 731:El dialecto LeonĂ©s 627:Pyrenean–Mozarabic 417:Pyrenean–Mozarabic 320:Non-Indo-European: 2782: 2781: 2725: 2724: 2710:Romance languages 2693: 2692: 2669:extinct languages 2591: 2590: 2268: 2267: 2227:Navarro-Aragonese 2112:Peruvian Ribereño 2037:Judaeo-Portuguese 1952:Galician–Asturian 1855: 1854: 1846:Old Gallo-Romance 1800:Wisconsin Walloon 1217: 1216: 1190:Dalmatian Romance 798:Romance languages 640:Navarro-Aragonese 620:Judaeo-Portuguese 490:language families 474:Judaeo-Portuguese 466:Dutch West Indies 452:Catholic Monarchs 432:dialect continuum 413:Judaeo-Portuguese 342: 341: 38:Iberian Peninsula 2837: 2803: 2796: 2789: 2761: 2754: 2746: 2739: 2732: 2704: 2697: 2214:Judaeo-Aragonese 2203:Andalusi Romance 2056:Amazonic Spanish 1893:Western Asturian 1876: 1875: 1815:Franco-Provençal 1486: 1485: 1382:Comasco–Lecchese 1240:Emilian–Romagnol 1228: 1227: 1028:Regional Italian 1018:Italo-Australian 945: 944: 867:Megleno-Romanian 791: 784: 777: 768: 767: 761: 751: 745: 744: 726: 709: 703: 694: 684: 653:Judaeo-Aragonese 651: 635:Andalusi Romance 633: 618: 440:Catalan-speaking 379:(sometimes) and 336: 333:language isolate 325: 313: 304: 299: 292: 284:Occitano-Romance 275: 266: 257: 248: 239: 230: 216: 211: 204: 194: 185: 179: 19: 18: 2845: 2844: 2840: 2839: 2838: 2836: 2835: 2834: 2810: 2809: 2808: 2807: 2751: 2750: 2694: 2689: 2656: 2640: 2618:Pannonian Latin 2604:African Romance 2587: 2540: 2471: 2464: 2402:Judeo-Provençal 2275: 2264: 2241: 2190: 2100:Chilean Chilote 2042: 1928: 1869: 1865: 1862: 1851: 1839:Moselle Romance 1806: 1655:Missouri French 1616:Franco-Ontarian 1491: 1480: 1473: 1213: 1178: 1155:Southern Latian 1058: 1023:Maltese Italian 955:Central Italian 939: 932: 927:Common Romanian 843: 827:Italo-Dalmatian 805: 795: 765: 764: 752: 748: 741: 727: 723: 718: 713: 712: 704: 697: 685: 678: 673: 668: 663: 488:Bold indicates 486: 338: 337: 330: 323: 318: 311: 309: 302: 300: 297: 290: 280: 273: 271: 264: 262: 255: 253: 246: 244: 237: 235: 228: 226: 214: 212: 209: 202: 197: 181: 180: 175: 116:Iberian Romance 108:Western Romance 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2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2141: 2140: 2123: 2122: 2121: 2116: 2115: 2114: 2104: 2103: 2102: 2089:Latin American 2085: 2080: 2068: 2066:Judaeo-Spanish 2063: 2058: 2052: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2041: 2040: 2033: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2020: 2019: 2007: 2006: 2005: 1993: 1988: 1981: 1969: 1962: 1957: 1956: 1955: 1944: 1938: 1936: 1930: 1929: 1927: 1926: 1919: 1914: 1913: 1912: 1902: 1897: 1896: 1895: 1884: 1882: 1873: 1857: 1856: 1853: 1852: 1850: 1849: 1842: 1835: 1834: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1811: 1808: 1807: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1787: 1786: 1785: 1780: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1754: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1717: 1712: 1695: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1668: 1667: 1666: 1659: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1651: 1650: 1640: 1635: 1634: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1606: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1585: 1584: 1579: 1561: 1556: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1496: 1494: 1483: 1475: 1474: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1469: 1459: 1452: 1451: 1450: 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2627: 2626: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2619: 2615: 2613: 2612: 2611:British Latin 2608: 2606: 2605: 2601: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2511: 2510: 2507: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2493: 2490: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2467: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2451: 2450: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2432: 2431: 2430:Vivaro-Alpine 2428: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2374: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2364: 2363: 2360: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2287: 2286: 2282: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2271: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2236: 2235: 2234:Old Navarrese 2231: 2230: 2229: 2228: 2224: 2222: 2219: 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1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1367: 1366: 1363: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1344: 1341: 1340: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1333:Judeo-Italian 1331: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1237: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1210: 1207: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1197: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1173: 1170: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1128:Castelmezzano 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1114: 1113: 1109: 1108: 1107: 1104: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1093: 1090: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1033:Swiss Italian 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1014: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1002: 1001: 1000: 997: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 962: 961: 958: 957: 956: 953: 952: 950: 946: 943: 941: 935: 929: 928: 924: 920: 917: 915: 914:Transylvanian 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 876: 875: 874: 873:Daco-Romanian 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 854: 852: 850: 846: 840: 837: 833: 830: 828: 825: 824: 823: 822:Italo-Western 820: 818: 815: 814: 812: 808: 803: 799: 792: 787: 785: 780: 778: 773: 772: 769: 759: 755: 750: 742: 740:84-933781-6-X 736: 732: 725: 721: 707: 702: 700: 692: 688: 683: 681: 676: 654: 648: 646: 643: 642: 641: 638: 636: 630: 629: 628: 625: 621: 615: 613: 610: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 592: 591: 588: 584: 581: 580: 579: 576: 575: 574: 573: 569: 563: 560: 559: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 539: 538: 535: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 507: 506: 505: 501: 500: 499: 496: 495: 493: 491: 481: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 428: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 361:Astur-Leonese 358: 354: 350: 346: 334: 329: 321: 317: 308: 296: 288: 287: 285: 279: 270: 261: 252: 243: 234: 224: 220: 208: 200: 193: 188: 184: 178: 174: 172: 168: 162: 160: 157: 154: 152: 149: 148: 147: 143: 122: 119: 118: 117: 114: 113: 112:Gallo-Iberian 111: 110: 109: 106: 105: 104: 103:Italo-Western 101: 100: 99: 96: 95: 94: 91: 90: 89: 86: 85: 84: 81: 80: 79: 78:Indo-European 76: 74: 70: 67: 63: 62:Easter Island 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 42:Latin America 39: 36: 30: 25: 20: 2775:expanding it 2764: 2718:expanding it 2707: 2673: 2664: 2616: 2609: 2602: 2551: 2453: 2446: 2408:Languedocien 2400: 2393:Judeo-Gascon 2391: 2332: 2283: 2253:Barranquenho 2232: 2225: 2201: 2183: 2125: 2087: 2070: 2061:Extremaduran 2035: 2009: 1995: 1983: 1971: 1964: 1921: 1880:Asturleonese 1867: 1844: 1837: 1795:West Walloon 1783:Saintongeais 1731: 1707: 1703:Anglo-Norman 1661: 1594:Newfoundland 1554:Jersey Legal 1546: 1454: 1419:Southwestern 1402:Vallassinese 1291:Gallo-Picene 1232:Gallo-Italic 1194: 1110: 1105: 1044: 1010: 925: 871: 749: 730: 724: 706:Barranquenho 691:Asturleonese 687:Extremaduran 626: 595:Barranquenho 570: 562:Barranquenho 542:Extremaduran 536: 525:Extremaduran 504:Asturleonese 502: 498:West Iberian 497: 487: 460: 456: 429: 416: 377:Extremaduran 345:West Iberian 344: 343: 319: 282: 281: 269:Barranquenho 260:Extremaduran 219:Asturleonese 198: 151:Asturleonese 145:Subdivisions 121:West Iberian 120: 34:distribution 22:West Iberian 2629:Campidanese 2455:Old Catalan 2448:Old Occitan 2185:Old Spanish 2119:Rioplatense 1923:Old Leonese 1751:Cotentinais 1715:GuernĂ©siais 1638:Frenchville 1631:New England 1510:Bourbonnais 1462:Piedmontese 1456:Old Lombard 1348:Bergamasque 1272:Sammarinese 54:Philippines 2814:Categories 2676:indicates 2634:Logudorese 2167:Philippine 2133:Andalusian 2127:Peninsular 2017:Estremenho 1973:Portuguese 1900:Cantabrian 1733:Law French 1725:Sercquiais 1559:Meridional 1520:Champenois 1515:Burgundian 1326:Tabarchino 1316:MonĂ©gasque 1255:Parmigiano 1112:Neapolitan 1085:Manduriano 1052:Florentine 919:Wallachian 889:Bukovinian 716:References 590:Portuguese 530:Cantabrian 470:Portuguese 462:Papiamento 389:Portuguese 381:Cantabrian 242:Portuguese 58:East Timor 32:Geographic 2684:varieties 2667:indicate 2624:Sardinian 2581:Triestine 2529:Sursilvan 2440:Mentonasc 2418:Provençal 2367:Auvergnat 2353:Valencian 2309:Mallorcan 2299:Algherese 2274:Occitano- 2221:Navarrese 2209:Aragonese 2145:Castilian 2048:Castilian 2024:Uruguayan 1997:Brazilian 1960:Minderico 1954:/Eonavian 1917:Mirandese 1831:ValdĂŽtain 1817:/Arpitan 1758:OrlĂ©anais 1709:Auregnais 1693:Mayennais 1643:Louisiana 1525:Ardennais 1505:Berrichon 1311:Intemelio 1267:Forlivese 1250:Bolognese 1196:Dalmatian 1160:Tarantino 1123:Benevento 1080:Salentino 1040:Sassarese 1004:Gallurese 987:Romanesco 940:Dalmatian 904:Moldavian 899:Maramureș 857:Aromanian 645:Aragonese 605:Minderico 537:Castilian 520:Mirandese 425:Mozarabic 421:Aragonese 405:Minderico 373:Mirandese 295:Aragonese 223:Mirandese 207:Aragonese 171:Glottolog 155:Castilian 2560:Venetian 2534:Vallader 2524:Surmiran 2497:Cadorino 2480:Friulian 2413:Limousin 2382:BĂ©arnese 2344:Western 2326:Northern 2314:Menorcan 2304:Balearic 2295:Eastern 2291:dialects 2150:Castrapo 2107:Peruvian 2078:dialects 2011:European 1979:dialects 1966:Portugis 1947:Galician 1888:Asturian 1826:Savoyard 1778:Poitevin 1746:Cauchois 1720:JĂšrriais 1567:Canadian 1446:Varesino 1441:Ticinese 1429:Novarese 1424:CremunĂ©s 1414:Ossolano 1409:Milanese 1397:Lecchese 1365:Brianzöö 1296:Ligurian 1262:Romagnol 1143:Arianese 1138:Irpinian 1133:Cilentan 1097:Pantesco 1092:Sicilian 1063:Southern 999:Corsican 975:Macerata 970:Fabriano 909:Oltenian 879:dialects 839:Southern 583:Eonavian 578:Galician 510:Asturian 444:Portugal 397:Eonavian 393:Galician 365:Asturian 233:Galician 183:unsh1234 177:west2838 2665:Italics 2566:Chipilo 2509:Romansh 2472:Romance 2470:Rhaeto- 2435:Gardiol 2387:Landese 2377:Aranese 2362:Occitan 2321:Central 2285:Catalan 2276:Romance 2177:Creoles 2172:Saharan 2160:Murcian 2138:Llanito 2095:Chilean 2072:Spanish 2029:Creoles 2003:Mineiro 1985:African 1910:Riberan 1905:Leonese 1870:Iberian 1863:Romance 1790:Walloon 1763:Paydret 1741:Augeron 1681:Vosgien 1676:Gaumais 1671:Lorrain 1663:Creoles 1626:Muskrat 1572:Acadian 1500:Angevin 1490:Langues 1481:Romance 1387:Comasco 1360:Western 1353:Cremish 1343:Eastern 1338:Lombard 1306:Genoese 1301:Brigasc 1245:Emilian 1223:Western 1202:Istriot 1165:Vastese 1150:Molisan 1012:Italian 948:Central 894:Crișana 849:Eastern 832:Western 817:Eastern 600:Cafundo 557:Spanish 515:Leonese 478:Spanish 409:CafundĂł 369:Leonese 353:Spanish 316:Occitan 307:Catalan 278:Spanish 221:(incl. 98:Romance 2596:Others 2576:Talian 2571:Fiuman 2545:Others 2485:Fornes 2423:Niçard 2372:Gascon 2340:Patuet 2246:Others 2155:CastĂșo 1861:Ibero- 1821:Faetar 1768:Picard 1698:Norman 1686:Welche 1609:Magoua 1599:Quebec 1589:Brayon 1548:French 1530:RĂ©mois 1479:Gallo- 1434:Pavese 1392:LaghĂ©e 1370:CanzĂ©s 1321:Royasc 1183:Others 1118:Barese 1046:Tuscan 992:Sabino 965:Ancona 938:Italo- 737:  436:Basque 411:, and 328:Basque 326:  324:  314:  312:  305:  303:  293:  291:  276:  274:  267:  265:  258:  256:  249:  247:  240:  238:  231:  229:  217:  215:  205:  203:  83:Italic 50:Israel 46:Africa 2765:This 2712:is a 2519:PutĂšr 2514:Jauer 2502:Nones 2492:Ladin 1991:Asian 1648:Houma 1621:MĂ©tis 1604:Joual 1577:Chiac 1542:Gallo 1492:d'oĂŻl 884:Banat 671:Notes 448:Spain 93:Latin 2771:stub 2714:stub 2674:Bold 2259:CalĂł 1942:Fala 1868:West 735:ISBN 612:Fala 476:and 438:and 423:and 401:Fala 251:Fala 415:). 359:), 66:Goa 2816:: 698:^ 679:^ 480:. 472:, 407:, 403:, 399:, 395:, 391:, 375:, 371:, 367:, 355:, 64:, 60:, 56:, 52:, 48:, 44:, 40:, 2802:e 2795:t 2788:v 2777:. 2745:e 2738:t 2731:v 2720:. 1872:) 1866:( 804:) 800:( 790:e 783:t 776:v 760:. 743:. 650:† 632:† 617:† 419:( 387:( 363:( 335:) 331:( 286:: 225:)

Index

Iberian Peninsula
Latin America
Africa
Israel
Philippines
East Timor
Easter Island
Goa
Linguistic classification
Indo-European
Italic
Latino-Faliscan
Latin
Romance
Italo-Western
Western Romance
Iberian Romance
Asturleonese
Galician–Portuguese
Glottolog
west2838
unsh1234

Aragonese
Asturleonese
Mirandese
Galician
Portuguese
Fala
Extremaduran

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