4512:
6209:
5225:
466:
919:, trying to reconstruct an author's original text based on variant copies of manuscripts. This branch of research arose among ancient scholars in the Greek-speaking world of the 4th century BC, who desired to establish a standard text of popular authors for both sound interpretation and secure transmission. Since that time, the original principles of textual criticism have been improved and applied to other widely distributed texts such as the
866:
6219:
3981:
923:. Scholars have tried to reconstruct the original readings of the Bible from the manuscript variants. This method was applied to classical studies and medieval texts as a way to reconstruct the author's original work. The method produced so-called "critical editions", which provided a reconstructed text accompanied by a "
948:
has rejected textual criticism because it injects editorial interpretations into the text and destroys the integrity of the individual manuscript, hence damaging the reliability of the data. Supporters of new philology insist on a strict "diplomatic" approach: a faithful rendering of the text exactly
1156:
Disagreements in the modern day of this branch of study are followed with the likes of how the method is treated amongst other scholars, as noted by both the philologists R.D Fulk and
Leonard Neidorf who have been quoted saying "This field "philology's commitment to falsification renders it "at odds
963:
Another branch of philology, cognitive philology, studies written and oral texts. Cognitive philology considers these oral texts as the results of human mental processes. This science compares the results of textual science with the results of experimental research of both psychology and artificial
1168:
James Turner further disagrees with how the use of the term is dismissed in the academic world, stating that due to its branding as a "simpleminded approach to their subject" the term has become unknown to college-educated students, furthering the stereotypes of "scrutiny of ancient Greek or Roman
1157:
with what many literary scholars believe because the purpose of philology is to narrow the range of possible interpretations rather than to treat all reasonable ones as equal". This use of falsification can be seen in the debate surrounding the etymology of the Old
English character
3275:
1149:, and US academia, the wider meaning of "study of a language's grammar, history and literary tradition" remains more widespread. Based on the harsh critique of Friedrich Nietzsche, some US scholars since the 1980s have viewed philology as responsible for a narrowly
5361:
4716:
1128:
In
English-speaking countries, usage of the term "philology" to describe work on languages and works of literature, which had become synonymous with the practices of German scholars, was abandoned as a consequence of anti-German feelings following
3321:
3309:
934:
studies the authorship, date, and provenance of text to place such text in a historical context. As these philological issues are often inseparable from issues of interpretation, there is no clear-cut boundary between philology and
3706:
3948:
4711:
3297:
1235:
5430:
4867:
4507:
3976:
4907:
3094:
4083:
5925:
5300:
5312:
942:
Some scholars avoid all critical methods of textual philology, especially in historical linguistics, where it is important to study the actual recorded materials. The movement known as
3292:
5356:
737:) 'word, articulation, reason', describing a love of learning, of literature, as well as of argument and reasoning, reflecting the range of activities included under the notion of
5025:
4078:
3711:
3270:
3993:
897:. Philology's interest in ancient languages led to the study of what was, in the 18th century, "exotic" languages, for the light they could cast on problems in understanding and
5510:
5486:
5454:
5344:
1112:
and others in the 1950s. Since the late 20th century, the Maya code has been almost completely deciphered, and the Mayan languages are among the most documented and studied in
5498:
5393:
927:", i.e., footnotes that listed the various manuscript variants available, enabling scholars to gain insight into the entire manuscript tradition and argue about the variants.
4097:
3694:
1499:
5557:
3062:
4826:
3403:
939:. When text has a significant political or religious influence (such as the reconstruction of Biblical texts), scholars have difficulty reaching objective conclusions.
5739:
3258:
5785:
5552:
4970:
2592:
3718:
3608:
3316:
3108:
5767:
4490:
5562:
3675:
3526:
3509:
6059:
4625:
4852:
3770:
2983:
5537:
5064:
4675:
4551:
2753:
1137:
opposed the nationalist reaction against philological practices, claiming that "the philological instinct" was "universal as is the use of language". In
4116:
4061:
4133:
6053:
4341:
4121:
6065:
5542:
5435:
5398:
5199:
3988:
5378:
5113:
2334:
5697:
893:
were first noted in the early 16th century and led to speculation of a common ancestor language from which all these descended. It is now named
5592:
5176:
5088:
3396:
5915:
5687:
5547:
5334:
4831:
3586:
4752:
3357:
5674:
5280:
4949:
4651:
4102:
3576:
517:
5859:
5527:
5481:
5120:
4417:
3669:
3120:
5476:
5471:
5166:
3836:
5368:
3099:
1451:
6189:
4776:
4475:
2978:
1848:
5030:
1491:
5930:
5405:
4912:
4747:
4561:
4485:
4073:
3174:
1133:. Most continental European countries still maintain the term to designate departments, colleges, position titles, and journals.
4927:
3943:
5829:
5515:
5503:
5491:
5459:
5373:
5349:
5317:
5305:
5006:
4988:
4939:
4593:
3881:
3184:
2167:
6025:
5864:
5275:
4334:
3263:
1782:
1757:
493:
6010:
5854:
5622:
5161:
5130:
4600:
4531:
4247:
4183:
4161:
3842:
3085:
2365:
383:
3113:
5140:
4918:
4796:
4786:
4576:
4422:
4257:
3459:
3189:
3139:
1881:
822:
The meaning of "love of learning and literature" was narrowed to "the study of the historical development of languages" (
5466:
3699:
1822:
A Bibliography of
Literary Theory, Criticism, and Philology (ed. José Ángel García Landa, University of Zaragoza, Spain)
1430:
6020:
5095:
4857:
4220:
4002:
3541:
569:
and their original form, and the determination of their meaning. A person who pursues this kind of study is known as a
4495:
5702:
4605:
4571:
4556:
3551:
3391:
3386:
3374:
2837:
1588:
1379:
1347:
675:
4659:
3642:
565:. Philology is also defined as the study of literary texts and oral and written records, the establishment of their
5602:
5228:
4944:
4620:
4583:
4456:
4327:
3157:
3152:
2811:
1524:
1040:
944:
4781:
4727:
4588:
3147:
2988:
6254:
6222:
5644:
4687:
4669:
4502:
4193:
3162:
3015:
2545:
2163:
839:
343:
3504:
5824:
5816:
5779:
5761:
5582:
5415:
5270:
5125:
5073:
5046:
4808:
4405:
4203:
4014:
3869:
3581:
3536:
3521:
3045:
403:
348:
121:
2597:
6249:
5920:
5888:
5811:
5617:
4644:
4536:
4410:
3531:
3454:
3408:
2103:
1553:
1271:
378:
69:
5324:
4980:
6264:
6111:
5973:
5790:
5420:
5388:
4877:
4029:
3089:
1920:
1841:
894:
323:
189:
4737:
3789:
1009:
865:
6182:
6015:
5881:
5773:
5751:
4954:
4922:
4872:
4680:
4630:
4521:
4262:
4024:
3900:
3894:
3875:
3080:
2909:
2792:
2339:
443:
149:
17:
4398:
4051:
6102:
5979:
5956:
5841:
5744:
5682:
5654:
5290:
5103:
4836:
4610:
4267:
4198:
3853:
3723:
3652:
2797:
2631:
2621:
1227:
5059:
4007:
3938:
3828:
1811:
1028:, decipherment yielded older records of languages already known from slightly more recent traditions (
6127:
6037:
5383:
3735:
3216:
2758:
2587:
2239:
1258:
1218:
1208:
981:
486:
433:
333:
159:
4126:
6122:
4902:
4882:
4439:
4373:
4208:
3783:
3253:
3040:
2997:
2788:
2485:
1640:. "Them Philologists: Philological Practices and Their Discontents from Nietzsche to Cerquiglini."
1297:
338:
281:
96:
4237:
1169:
texts of a nit-picking classicist" and only the "technical research into languages and families".
6212:
6117:
5612:
5054:
4291:
4230:
4156:
4019:
3800:
3556:
3369:
3364:
3342:
3304:
3284:
2918:
2914:
2731:
2604:
2567:
2550:
2370:
1834:
1560:. Mascaro says this is the beginning of modern study of the roots of the Indo-European languages.
882:
874:
667:
663:
656:
574:
438:
276:
253:
4429:
4393:
5946:
5898:
5893:
4862:
4816:
4665:
4171:
3625:
3598:
3568:
3432:
3379:
3196:
3072:
2967:
2807:
2802:
2660:
2626:
2614:
2609:
2572:
2522:
2380:
2360:
2046:
1991:
1557:
1222:
823:
578:
510:
388:
355:
308:
224:
204:
184:
86:
64:
59:
5425:
3680:
1556:
stopped in Paris in 1802 after returning from India, and taught
Sanskrit to the German critic
6070:
5961:
5941:
5806:
5756:
5649:
5639:
5329:
5295:
5204:
4215:
3953:
3848:
3775:
3647:
3050:
2767:
2721:
2716:
2665:
2329:
2310:
2126:
2021:
1474:
1108:, with great progress since the initial breakthroughs of the phonetic approach championed by
973:
860:
671:
652:
596:
164:
5874:
5285:
4821:
1578:
1039:
Work on the ancient languages of the Near East progressed rapidly. In the mid-19th century,
6157:
5634:
4975:
4692:
4047:
3887:
3620:
3496:
3467:
3238:
2900:
2874:
2821:
2655:
2582:
2427:
2392:
2346:
2314:
2192:
1906:
1703:
1048:
1044:
636:
608:
479:
408:
318:
199:
144:
41:
3928:
690:, research in historical linguistics often relies on philological materials and findings.
8:
5951:
4697:
4111:
3818:
3514:
2726:
2638:
2397:
2031:
1996:
1899:
1459:
1402:
1302:
1204:
1098:
1072:
1017:
958:
592:
588:
584:
249:
179:
154:
126:
5449:
5019:
4434:
4138:
2746:
1821:
1801:
1750:
Philology: The
Forgotten Origins of the Modern Humanities (The William G. Bowen Book 70)
6244:
6177:
6172:
6107:
5990:
5903:
5734:
5410:
4742:
4526:
3591:
3546:
2905:
2861:
2816:
2439:
2385:
2306:
1877:
1090:
924:
890:
616:
550:
469:
448:
418:
373:
328:
296:
286:
174:
169:
3447:
915:
Philology also includes the study of texts and their history. It includes elements of
5995:
5849:
5597:
4894:
3905:
3744:
3169:
2928:
2867:
2826:
2643:
2528:
2464:
2375:
2352:
2296:
2204:
1937:
1778:
1753:
1584:
1375:
1343:
1179:
1064:
1056:
1013:
989:
985:
916:
910:
885:
branch of philology studies the relationship between languages. Similarities between
826:) in 19th-century usage of the term. Due to the rapid progress made in understanding
804:
644:
612:
546:
542:
465:
313:
291:
234:
6259:
6162:
5869:
5692:
5668:
5629:
5209:
4366:
3756:
3615:
3603:
2895:
2855:
2850:
2675:
2562:
2497:
2324:
2319:
2301:
2159:
1960:
1913:
1666:
1654:
1618:
1196:
1188:
1134:
1068:
1060:
1052:
993:
931:
835:
648:
632:
604:
413:
244:
239:
214:
209:
194:
3484:
1622:
1396:
1187:, the main character, Elwin Ransom, is a philologist – as was Lewis' close friend
5587:
5194:
4768:
4444:
3808:
3630:
3415:
3179:
3005:
2650:
1965:
1337:
1245:
1240:
1212:
1138:
1082:
1025:
1001:
831:
628:
3688:
5968:
5659:
5078:
4706:
4702:
4353:
3971:
3910:
3750:
3221:
3055:
2843:
2831:
2517:
2402:
2078:
2063:
2053:
1955:
1857:
1029:
705:
624:
620:
566:
535:
258:
5908:
700:
6238:
6048:
6000:
5442:
5068:
3231:
2555:
2536:
2480:
2434:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2266:
2261:
2138:
2131:
1816:
1422:
1307:
1253:
1109:
1086:
1033:
1005:
834:, the "golden age of philology" lasted throughout the 19th century, or "from
750:
679:
599:
around the fourth century BC, continued by Greeks and Romans throughout the
4166:
3813:
3635:
3478:
3334:
2783:
2741:
2670:
2407:
2292:
2246:
2234:
2177:
2143:
1670:
1292:
1194:
Dr. Edward
Morbius, one of the main characters in the science fiction film
1117:
1063:
for each language. The elucidation of cuneiform led to the decipherment of
1012:
in 1822, some individuals attempted to decipher the writing systems of the
977:
936:
816:
683:
600:
301:
91:
573:. In older usage, especially British, philology is more general, covering
6167:
4449:
4091:
4067:
3437:
3425:
3347:
2923:
2736:
2540:
2276:
2224:
2199:
2182:
2121:
1683:
1637:
1520:
1184:
1130:
1113:
1105:
1089:, who demonstrated that it recorded an early form of Greek, now known as
1021:
1004:
languages. Beginning with the famous decipherment and translation of the
773:
558:
453:
428:
49:
5339:
6005:
5012:
4655:
4225:
2887:
2475:
2229:
2187:
2173:
2041:
2026:
1552:
translation to 1785 (by
Charles Williams). Mascaro claims the linguist
1544:
This is noted in Juan
Mascaro's introduction to his translation of the
1277:
1146:
783:
749:, and later entered the English language in the 16th century, from the
423:
106:
31:
1692:
Das
Potential europäischer Philologien: Geschichte, Leistung, Funktion
4932:
4056:
3933:
3763:
3246:
2577:
2256:
2214:
2209:
2073:
2016:
2001:
1870:
1609:
Klaus Johan Myrvoll, 'The Ideo-Political Background of "New Philology
1287:
1282:
1248:
philologist, and a significant part of the film deals with his work.
1150:
980:
of the language under study. This has notably been the case with the
843:
827:
760:
562:
523:
398:
393:
229:
111:
101:
1158:
1097:, the writing system that records the still-unknown language of the
5607:
4350:
2271:
2219:
1314:
1145:
remains largely synonymous with "historical linguistics", while in
1094:
1078:
997:
898:
886:
796:
640:
531:
2058:
2036:
1986:
1890:
1826:
1162:
1081:, a script used in the ancient Aegean, was deciphered in 1952 by
812:
777:
554:
539:
2491:
2068:
1981:
687:
116:
1694:, ed. Christoph König (Göttingen: Wallstein, 2009), pp. 34–44.
3126:
3023:
2884:
2006:
1805:
1521:"Nikolaus Wegmann, Princeton University Department of German"
920:
781:
763:
740:
738:
728:
718:
708:
611:, where it was soon joined by philologies of other European (
2011:
1804:—(A special web search through the philological sites of
1775:
Philology: The Forgotten Origins of the Modern Humanities
4474:
780:") preference of argument over the love of true wisdom,
772:) meant 'fond of discussion or argument, talkative', in
607:. It was eventually resumed by European scholars of the
5768:
Professionalization and institutionalization of history
727:) 'love, affection, loved, beloved, dear, friend' and
591:. Classical philology principally originated from the
6060:
Heroic theory of invention and scientific development
678:. While the contrast continued with the emergence of
662:
Philology, with its focus on historical development (
4908:
Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
1752:. Princeton University: Princeton University Press.
1236:
Academy Award Nominee for Best Foreign Language Film
1479:. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. pp. 22–52.
871:
Indo-European Philology: Historical and Comparative
803:
appears in fifth-century postclassical literature (
4868:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
4726:
2508:
1690:vs. English Studies: A Foundational Conflict", in
1251:The main character of the science fiction TV show
5526:
949:as found in the manuscript, without emendations.
6236:
811:), an idea revived in Late Medieval literature (
6092:
2335:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
1312:
1101:, resists deciphering, despite many attempts.
5916:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church
5786:Western European colonialism and colonization
4335:
1842:
1261:, is mentioned as having a PhD in philology.
487:
4246:
1817:CogLit: Literature and Cognitive Linguistics
1211:, is a professor of philology in an English
4349:
1633:
1631:
4342:
4328:
1849:
1835:
494:
480:
4971:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1231:is a philologist, educated at Cambridge.
745:. The term changed little with the Latin
655:involve the comparative philology of all
6190:Historical geographic information system
2956:
1628:
1576:
1489:
1369:
1342:. Oxford University Press. p. 118.
1335:
864:
756:, in the sense of 'love of literature'.
1732:
1653:
27:Study of language in historical sources
14:
6237:
5830:English historical school of economics
3882:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy
1936:
1772:
1747:
1735:R.D Fulk and the Progress of Philology
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1490:Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert.
1104:Work continues on scripts such as the
530: 'love of word') is the study of
6146:
6091:
6026:Revisionist school of Islamic studies
5865:Historical reliability of the Gospels
5723:
5250:
4323:
4312:
2955:
2698:
2462:
2101:
1935:
1830:
1394:
1172:
6218:
4313:
3843:More Irish than the Irish themselves
1657:(1923). "Philology: General Works".
1580:Textual Scholarship: An Introduction
1472:
384:Conservative and innovative language
4913:Functionalism–intentionalism debate
2102:
1563:
674:'s insistence on the importance of
24:
5926:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II
3870:Fourth Italian War of Independence
1856:
1737:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 3.
1659:The Year's Work in English Studies
1603:
1153:study of language and literature.
809:De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii
25:
6276:
1795:
1329:
1047:, which records the same text in
964:intelligence production systems.
6217:
6208:
6207:
5724:
5224:
5223:
5065:Palestinian expulsion and flight
3577:5000-year civilization assertion
3153:Nadir of American race relations
930:A related study method known as
464:
6054:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism
4928:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust
4863:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising
4670:Causes of the Armenian genocide
2979:Pyramid construction techniques
2546:Comparative historical research
2463:
2164:Library and information science
1766:
1741:
1726:
1713:
1697:
1677:
1647:
1527:from the original on 2017-07-19
1502:from the original on 2019-10-28
1433:from the original on 2017-11-04
1372:Ecrits de linguistique generale
1370:SAUSSURE, Ferdinand de (2002).
1339:Writings in general linguistics
1336:SAUSSURE, Ferdinand de (2006).
976:, philology includes the prior
967:
776:, also implying an excessive ("
6066:Gunpowder and gun transmission
6016:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule
5825:Historical school of economics
5762:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
5200:Gunpowder and gun transmission
5074:Zionism as settler colonialism
4079:Limpieza de sangre controversy
3046:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis
1777:. Princeton University Press.
1642:The Year's Work in Medievalism
1548:, in which he dates the first
1538:
1513:
1483:
1476:A Companion to Classical Texts
1466:
1444:
1415:
1388:
1363:
1203:Philip, the main character of
854:
666:analysis), is contrasted with
13:
1:
5875:Opposition to Papal supremacy
5251:
3063:Indigenous population history
1623:10.1080/00393274.2023.2228845
1322:
1272:American Journal of Philology
1141:usage, and British academia,
1123:
1116:. The code is described as a
5791:Desacralization of knowledge
4062:Carlism in the Francoist era
4030:Holodomor in modern politics
2699:
1721:Studies in Semitic Philology
1401:. Macmillan and Co. p.
952:
901:the origins of older texts.
693:
545:. It is the intersection of
324:Functional discourse grammar
190:Ethnography of communication
7:
6183:Historiographic metafiction
6147:
6093:Organizations, publications
5882:Proto-orthodox Christianity
4832:German resistance to Nazism
4688:Persian famine of 1917–1919
4098:Islamic revolution of Spain
4025:Holodomor genocide question
3901:Revisionism of Risorgimento
3895:Rerum italicarum scriptores
3876:Historiae Patriae Monumenta
3643:Self-Strengthening Movement
2793:decolonization of knowledge
1313:
1264:
849:
444:Second-language acquisition
10:
6281:
5980:Wissenschaft des Judentums
5957:Criticism of Protestantism
4837:Nazi foreign policy debate
4268:Second colonial occupation
4015:Soviet famine of 1930–1933
3653:Tibetan sovereignty debate
3197:Progressive-era historians
2632:Nationalization of history
2583:Historical-critical method
1234:The main character in the
1228:Portuguese Irregular Verbs
1161:from the heroic epic poem
1071:was deciphered in 1915 by
1043:and others deciphered the
956:
908:
904:
858:
782:
764:
739:
729:
719:
709:
516:
122:Syntax–semantics interface
29:
6202:
6153:
6142:
6098:
6087:
6036:
5840:
5799:
5730:
5719:
5575:
5261:
5257:
5246:
5218:
5187:
5151:
5045:
4999:
4985:Second Sino-Japanese War
4963:
4893:
4845:
4807:
4767:
4643:
4465:
4384:
4360:
4319:
4308:
4284:
4182:
4149:
4040:
3964:
3921:
3862:
3827:
3799:
3790:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
3734:
3661:
3567:
3495:
3209:
3138:
3071:
3033:
2966:
2962:
2951:
2776:
2709:
2705:
2694:
2471:
2458:
2285:
2152:
2114:
2110:
2097:
1974:
1948:
1944:
1931:
1864:
1812:v: Topic:German philology
1733:Neidorf, Leonard (2016).
1523:. Scholar.princeton.edu.
1219:Moritz-Maria von Igelfeld
1010:Jean-François Champollion
434:Philosophy of linguistics
334:Interactional linguistics
5740:Crisis of historiography
4903:Auschwitz bombing debate
4589:Indian Rebellion of 1857
4440:Late Bronze Age collapse
4374:List of military museums
3977:Pre-Revolutionary Russia
3949:Polish People's Republic
3784:Sybel-Ficker controversy
3148:African-American history
3121:Colonial Spanish America
2910:Second Thirty Years' War
1577:Greetham, D. C. (1994).
1221:, the main character in
30:Not to be confused with
4853:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
4712:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
4263:Porter–MacKenzie debate
4020:Causes of the Holodomor
3557:Problem of two emperors
3505:Catilinarian conspiracy
2732:Historical significance
2593:Indiscipline of history
2568:Historical anthropology
1496:A Greek-English Lexicon
1059:, using a variation of
883:comparative linguistics
875:William Burley Lockwood
799:of literary erudition,
657:Indo-European languages
6255:Historical linguistics
5947:Protestant Reformation
5921:Second Vatican Council
5899:Succession to Muhammad
5894:Criticism of the Quran
5645:Religious perspectives
5379:Klemens von Metternich
4976:"Battle for Australia"
4858:Soviet offensive plans
4827:Broad vs. narrow front
4666:Late Ottoman genocides
3599:Century of humiliation
3380:Goguryeo controversies
3358:2,500-year celebration
3016:Double genocide theory
2803:Historical negationism
2627:Ancestral civilisation
2615:Historical materialism
2573:Historical determinism
2523:History of mentalities
1773:Turner, James (2015).
1748:Turner, James (2015).
1708:History of Linguistics
1583:. Garland Publishing.
1558:Friedrich von Schlegel
1456:oxforddictionaries.com
1223:Alexander McCall Smith
1207:'s 'bourgeois comedy'
878:
824:historical linguistics
643:, etc.), and African (
579:historical linguistics
271:Theoretical frameworks
225:Philosophy of language
205:History of linguistics
6071:Torsion mangonel myth
5974:Modern Jewish history
5969:Jesuit historiography
5962:Protestant work ethic
5942:Hesychast controversy
5807:Industrial Revolution
5757:Library of Alexandria
5675:The Lord of the Rings
5325:Constantine the Great
5205:Torsion mangonel myth
5137:Sri Lankan Civil War
4216:Storm over the gentry
4117:Colonies or Provinces
3648:Sprouts of capitalism
2722:Historic preservation
2717:Change and continuity
1723:. (1977) p. 457.
1615:Studia Neophilologica
1498:. Perseus.tufts.edu.
1462:on December 26, 2016.
974:Bronze Age literature
868:
861:Comparative philology
672:Ferdinand de Saussure
653:Indo-European studies
597:Library of Alexandria
165:Conversation analysis
6250:Academic disciplines
6158:Commemorative plaque
5374:Juan Manuel de Rosas
4822:"Blitzkrieg" concept
4693:Powder keg of Europe
4568:Franco-Prussian War
4238:Winter of Discontent
4221:Suffragette Campaign
3888:Italiani brava gente
3854:Revolutionary period
3676:Frankish Interregnum
3609:"Chineseness" debate
3542:Byzantine succession
3527:Fall of Western Rome
3468:Executed Renaissance
2957:By country or region
2901:Age of Enlightenment
2875:Vaticinium ex eventu
2822:Modernisation theory
2656:Quantitative history
2032:Historical documents
1688:Englische Philologie
1671:10.1093/ywes/IV.1.20
1473:Hall, F. W. (1968).
1395:Peile, John (1880).
1374:. Paris: Gallimard.
1225:'s 1997 comic novel
1200:, is a philologist.
1045:Behistun Inscription
704:is derived from the
682:and the emphasis of
561:with strong ties to
409:Internet linguistics
319:Construction grammar
6265:Textual scholarship
5987:Schools of thought
5952:Proto-Protestantism
5821:School of Thoughts
5703:William Shakespeare
5688:Robert Falcon Scott
5593:Friedrich Nietzsche
5431:Cult of personality
5416:Neville Chamberlain
5276:Alexander the Great
5158:Russo-Georgian War
5131:Sovereignty dispute
5110:Iranian Revolution
4940:"Polish death camp"
4917:In relation to the
4626:Myth of English aid
4617:War of the Pacific
4394:Albigensian Crusade
3819:Indigenous Aryanism
3515:Constantinian shift
3051:Residential schools
2808:Historian's fallacy
2727:Historic recurrence
2225:Numismatics (Money)
1997:Archaeological site
1921:theories of history
1303:Textual scholarship
1205:Christopher Hampton
959:Cognitive philology
895:Proto-Indo-European
676:synchronic analysis
651:, etc.) languages.
593:Library of Pergamum
589:classical languages
585:Classical philology
344:Systemic functional
139:Applied linguistics
81:General linguistics
6178:Historical realism
6173:Historical fiction
6118:History institutes
6108:Historical society
6103:Heritage registers
5991:Biblical criticism
5904:Islamic golden age
5855:Early Christianity
5735:Bears in antiquity
5623:Medieval Christian
5421:Pedro II of Brazil
5369:José de San Martín
5173:Syrian revolution
5085:Malayan Emergency
5060:1948 Palestine war
4793:Spanish Civil War
4743:War guilt question
4552:American Civil War
4532:Invasion of Russia
4508:New Russian School
4292:Colonial Australia
4008:October Revolution
3771:Strukturgeschichte
3707:Location of Alésia
3626:Hua–Yi distinction
3547:Moscow, third Rome
3163:Reconstruction era
2984:Black Egypt Thesis
2906:European Civil War
2862:Translatio imperii
2817:Invented tradition
1938:Historical sources
1802:Philology in Runet
1704:A. Morpurgo Davies
1554:Alexander Hamilton
1259:Dr. Daniel Jackson
1209:The Philanthropist
1173:In popular culture
1120:style of writing.
925:critical apparatus
891:European languages
879:
840:Friedrich Schlegel
717:), from the terms
551:literary criticism
543:historical sources
449:Theory of language
419:Origin of language
374:Autonomy of syntax
329:Grammaticalization
175:Discourse analysis
170:Corpus linguistics
6232:
6231:
6198:
6197:
6138:
6137:
6083:
6082:
6079:
6078:
5996:Catholic theology
5850:Avestan geography
5715:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5698:Søren Kierkegaard
5571:
5570:
5482:Warren G. Harding
5242:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5041:
5040:
4919:Armenian genocide
4782:Polish–Soviet War
4777:Burning of Smyrna
4763:
4762:
4753:Reichstag inquiry
4676:Patriotic consent
4547:
4546:
4522:War in the Vendée
4486:French Revolution
4468:century conflicts
4457:Peloponnesian War
4418:Eighty Years' War
4304:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4280:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4209:Westminster Stone
3906:Southern question
3745:Alltagsgeschichte
3695:Legendary Saracen
3397:Early settlements
3205:
3204:
3185:Political history
3170:Consensus history
2947:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2929:Continuity thesis
2868:Translatio studii
2754:Theory of history
2690:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2644:Subaltern Studies
2529:Nouvelle histoire
2454:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2366:Medieval churches
2353:Geistesgeschichte
2297:Paleoanthropology
2205:Encyclopaedistics
2093:
2092:
2089:
2088:
1961:Secondary sources
1784:978-0-691-16858-6
1759:978-0-691-16858-6
1655:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1180:The Space Trilogy
1020:. In the case of
1014:Ancient Near East
917:textual criticism
911:Textual criticism
805:Martianus Capella
774:Hellenistic Greek
547:textual criticism
504:
503:
292:Distributionalism
235:Psycholinguistics
16:(Redirected from
6272:
6221:
6220:
6211:
6210:
6163:Documentary film
6144:
6143:
6123:History journals
6089:
6088:
6062:
5934:
5870:Primacy of Peter
5817:Great Depression
5797:
5796:
5770:
5748:
5721:
5720:
5669:J. R. R. Tolkien
5524:
5523:
5519:
5507:
5495:
5477:Ulysses S. Grant
5472:Thomas Jefferson
5463:
5439:
5402:
5365:
5353:
5321:
5309:
5301:Chiang Ching-kuo
5291:Cato the Younger
5281:Amin al-Husseini
5259:
5258:
5248:
5247:
5227:
5226:
5210:War and genocide
5034:
5020:Résistancialisme
5007:Battle of France
4989:Nanjing Massacre
4843:
4842:
4724:
4723:
4720:
4684:
4634:
4516:
4499:
4472:
4471:
4399:Catharism debate
4385:pre-18th century
4367:Military history
4344:
4337:
4330:
4321:
4320:
4314:By war, conflict
4310:
4309:
4258:Cambridge School
4244:
4243:
4142:
4130:
4106:
4087:
3997:
3985:
3957:
3779:
3757:Historikerstreit
3727:
3715:
3703:
3684:
3670:Cordon sanitaire
3616:New Qing History
3604:Conquest dynasty
3595:
3510:Christianization
3493:
3492:
3412:
3325:
3313:
3301:
3279:
3267:
3259:Byzantine Empire
3114:Iquicha Royalism
3103:
3069:
3068:
2992:
2964:
2963:
2953:
2952:
2896:Age of Discovery
2885:Periodization of
2882:
2881:
2856:Transhistoricity
2851:Thirty-year rule
2762:
2750:
2707:
2706:
2696:
2695:
2676:Great Man theory
2639:People's history
2601:
2506:
2505:
2498:Three-age system
2460:
2459:
2160:Archival science
2112:
2111:
2099:
2098:
1966:Tertiary sources
1946:
1945:
1933:
1932:
1882:by area of study
1851:
1844:
1837:
1828:
1827:
1789:
1788:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1730:
1724:
1719:M. M. Bravmann,
1717:
1711:
1701:
1695:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1651:
1645:
1644:26 (2011): 4–12.
1635:
1626:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1574:
1561:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1458:. Archived from
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1333:
1318:
1197:Forbidden Planet
1189:J. R. R. Tolkien
1135:J. R. R. Tolkien
1034:Alphabetic Greek
932:higher criticism
836:Giacomo Leopardi
787:
786:
767:
766:
744:
743:
732:
731:
722:
721:
712:
711:
627:, etc.), Asian (
605:Byzantine Empire
527:
520:
496:
489:
482:
468:
414:LGBT linguistics
404:Internationalism
379:Compositionality
240:Sociolinguistics
215:Neurolinguistics
210:Interlinguistics
195:Ethnomethodology
37:
36:
21:
6280:
6279:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6270:
6269:
6235:
6234:
6233:
6228:
6227:
6194:
6149:
6134:
6094:
6075:
6058:
6041:
6032:
5928:
5836:
5812:Great Recession
5795:
5766:
5742:
5726:
5707:
5598:H. P. Lovecraft
5567:
5529:
5522:
5513:
5501:
5489:
5457:
5433:
5406:Muammar Gaddafi
5396:
5384:Leonid Brezhnev
5359:
5347:
5330:Gregory Palamas
5315:
5313:Chiang Kai Shek
5303:
5263:
5253:
5234:
5233:
5214:
5195:Conflict thesis
5183:
5147:
5037:
5028:
4995:
4959:
4889:
4841:
4803:
4769:Interwar period
4759:
4729:
4722:
4714:
4698:Schlieffen Plan
4678:
4639:
4628:
4543:
4510:
4493:
4478:
4467:
4461:
4445:Dorian invasion
4430:Fall of Babylon
4386:
4380:
4379:
4356:
4348:
4315:
4296:
4272:
4249:
4242:
4204:Kingdom of Alba
4185:
4178:
4145:
4136:
4124:
4122:Spanish decline
4100:
4081:
4036:
3991:
3979:
3960:
3951:
3917:
3858:
3823:
3809:Greater Magadha
3795:
3773:
3730:
3721:
3709:
3697:
3678:
3657:
3631:Four Barbarians
3589:
3563:
3491:
3448:Götaland theory
3416:Lusotropicalism
3406:
3387:North Macedonia
3319:
3307:
3295:
3273:
3261:
3201:
3180:Frontier thesis
3175:Cyclical theory
3158:Neoabolitionism
3134:
3097:
3067:
3029:
3006:Greater Morocco
2986:
2958:
2935:
2886:
2880:
2772:
2756:
2744:
2701:
2682:
2595:
2510:
2504:
2486:Historical eras
2467:
2446:
2281:
2178:Writing systems
2148:
2106:
2104:Fields of study
2085:
2079:Service records
2064:Religious texts
1970:
1956:Primary sources
1940:
1927:
1926:
1860:
1855:
1798:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1746:
1742:
1731:
1727:
1718:
1714:
1710:(1998) 4 I. 22.
1702:
1698:
1682:
1678:
1652:
1648:
1636:
1629:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1575:
1564:
1543:
1539:
1530:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1505:
1503:
1488:
1484:
1471:
1467:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1436:
1434:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1407:
1405:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1267:
1213:university town
1175:
1139:British English
1126:
1091:Mycenaean Greek
1083:Michael Ventris
1041:Henry Rawlinson
1026:Mycenaean Greek
972:In the case of
970:
961:
955:
913:
907:
863:
857:
852:
832:language change
696:
500:
459:
458:
369:
361:
360:
272:
264:
263:
259:Writing systems
150:Anthropological
140:
132:
131:
82:
74:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6278:
6268:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6230:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6215:
6204:
6203:
6200:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6187:
6186:
6185:
6180:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6154:
6151:
6150:
6140:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6133:
6132:
6131:
6130:
6120:
6115:
6105:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6085:
6084:
6081:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6056:
6051:
6045:
6043:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6029:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5985:
5984:
5983:
5971:
5966:
5965:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5944:
5939:
5938:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5913:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5886:
5885:
5884:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5867:
5862:
5852:
5846:
5844:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5832:
5827:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5803:
5801:
5794:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5776:
5771:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5737:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5717:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5679:
5678:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5663:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5642:
5637:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5588:Charles Darwin
5585:
5579:
5577:
5573:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5565:
5560:
5558:United Kingdom
5555:
5550:
5548:Modern Germany
5545:
5540:
5534:
5532:
5521:
5520:
5508:
5496:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5467:Thomas Aquinas
5464:
5452:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5354:
5342:
5337:
5335:Horatio Nelson
5332:
5327:
5322:
5310:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5267:
5265:
5255:
5254:
5244:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5220:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5191:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5171:
5170:
5169:
5167:Responsibility
5164:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5123:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5098:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5079:New Historians
5076:
5071:
5057:
5051:
5049:
5043:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5023:
5016:
5009:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4967:
4965:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4945:Responsibility
4942:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4925:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4899:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4849:
4847:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4813:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4791:
4790:
4789:
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4709:
4703:Spirit of 1914
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4660:Fischer thesis
4649:
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4527:Napoleonic era
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4505:
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4491:Pre-revolution
4482:
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4476:Coalition Wars
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4354:historiography
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3968:
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3929:Golden Liberty
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2888:modern history
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2832:Paradigm shift
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2518:Annales school
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2054:Oral tradition
2051:
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2019:
2014:
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1858:Historiography
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1796:External links
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6049:Merton thesis
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6001:Panbabylonism
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5453:
5451:
5448:
5444:
5443:Bolivarianism
5441:
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5432:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5426:Simon Bolivar
5424:
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5357:Joseph Stalin
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5152:Post-Cold War
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5126:Falklands War
5124:
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5121:Iran–Iraq War
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5069:Ongoing Nakba
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5000:Western Front
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4895:The Holocaust
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4411:Islamic views
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4134:Ser de España
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4070:
4069:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4001:
3995:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3955:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3920:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3772:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3725:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3552:Ottoman claim
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3532:Prosopography
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3486:
3485:Trưng sisters
3483:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3323:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3277:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3232:Habsburg myth
3230:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3140:United States
3137:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3101:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3073:Latin America
3070:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2990:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2950:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2760:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2697:
2693:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2666:Transnational
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2556:Decoloniality
2554:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2537:Historiometry
2535:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2507:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2481:Periodization
2479:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2267:Sigillography
2265:
2263:
2262:Prosopography
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2139:Local history
2137:
2133:
2132:Human history
2130:
2129:
2128:
2127:World history
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1786:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1761:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1716:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1592:
1590:9780815317913
1586:
1582:
1581:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1546:Bhagavad Gita
1541:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1478:
1477:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1391:
1383:
1381:9782070761166
1377:
1373:
1366:
1351:
1349:9780199261444
1345:
1341:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1308:Western canon
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1254:Stargate SG-1
1249:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:Yuri Knorozov
1107:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1087:John Chadwick
1084:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:Rosetta Stone
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
965:
960:
950:
947:
946:
945:new philology
940:
938:
933:
928:
926:
922:
918:
912:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
876:
872:
867:
862:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
793:
791:
785:
779:
775:
771:
762:
757:
755:
752:
751:Middle French
748:
742:
736:
726:
716:
707:
703:
702:
691:
689:
685:
681:
680:structuralism
677:
673:
669:
665:
660:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
623:), Eurasian (
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
541:
537:
533:
529:
526:
519:
515:
512:
511:Ancient Greek
508:
497:
492:
490:
485:
483:
478:
477:
475:
474:
471:
467:
463:
462:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
389:Descriptivism
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
371:
365:
364:
357:
356:Structuralism
354:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
339:Prague circle
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
311:
310:
307:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
278:
275:
274:
268:
267:
260:
257:
255:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
185:Documentation
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
160:Computational
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
142:
136:
135:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
84:
78:
77:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
57:
55:
54:
51:
48:
47:
43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
5978:
5780:The Simpsons
5778:
5725:Other topics
5673:
5650:Christianity
5640:Resurrection
5271:Adolf Hitler
5100:Six-Day War
5096:Algerian War
5067: /
5026:Vichy France
5018:
5011:
4921: /
4809:World War II
4705: /
4372:
4365:
4167:Ghaza thesis
4090:
4066:
4052:White legend
4050: /
4048:Black legend
4003:Soviet Union
3893:
3886:
3874:
3837:Great Famine
3814:Indocentrism
3788:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3743:
3689:Grand Siècle
3687:
3668:
3636:Sinocentrism
3497:Ancient Rome
3477:
3335:Aryan Kartli
3333:
3125:
3088: /
3022:
2919:19th century
2917: /
2908: /
2873:
2866:
2865: /
2860:
2836:
2810: /
2784:Black legend
2742:Historiology
2539: /
2527:
2490:
2428:Quantitative
2351:
2347:Intellectual
2313: /
2309: /
2295: /
2293:Anthropology
2251:
2247:Phaleristics
2240:preservation
2235:Oral history
2176: /
2162: /
2144:Microhistory
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1889:
1880: /
1876:
1869:
1774:
1768:
1749:
1743:
1734:
1728:
1720:
1715:
1707:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1684:Utz, Richard
1679:
1665:(1): 36–37.
1662:
1658:
1649:
1641:
1638:Utz, Richard
1614:
1605:
1594:. Retrieved
1579:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1529:. Retrieved
1515:
1504:. Retrieved
1495:
1485:
1475:
1468:
1460:the original
1455:
1446:
1435:. Retrieved
1426:
1417:
1406:. Retrieved
1397:
1390:
1371:
1365:
1353:. Retrieved
1338:
1331:
1293:Palaeography
1270:
1252:
1250:
1239:
1233:
1226:
1217:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1178:
1176:
1167:
1155:
1142:
1127:
1118:logosyllabic
1103:
1077:
1038:
978:decipherment
971:
968:Decipherment
962:
943:
941:
937:hermeneutics
929:
914:
880:
870:
821:
808:
800:
794:
789:
769:
758:
753:
746:
734:
724:
714:
699:
697:
684:Noam Chomsky
661:
583:
570:
567:authenticity
524:
521:
514:
506:
505:
302:Glossematics
282:Constituency
254:interpreting
219:
92:Lexicography
6168:Hagiography
5929: [
5889:Early Islam
5743: [
5635:Historicity
5613:Historicity
5603:Jane Austen
5583:The Beatles
5553:Netherlands
5514: [
5511:Zhuge Liang
5502: [
5490: [
5487:Yuan Shikai
5458: [
5455:Sun Yat Tse
5434: [
5397: [
5360: [
5348: [
5345:Jiang Zemin
5316: [
5304: [
5296:Che Guevara
5029: [
4964:Pacific War
4748:Article 231
4738:Reparations
4715: [
4679: [
4656:Color books
4645:World War I
4629: [
4606:War of 1812
4511: [
4494: [
4479:(1792–1815)
4450:Sea Peoples
4435:Gallic Wars
4137: [
4125: [
4112:Revisionist
4101: [
4092:Reconquista
4082: [
4074:Inquisition
4068:Convivencia
3992: [
3980: [
3952: [
3849:Revisionism
3774: [
3722: [
3710: [
3698: [
3679: [
3621:Golden ages
3590: [
3587:Wunu School
3582:Archaeology
3455:Switzerland
3438:Kosovo Myth
3426:Great Union
3407: [
3392:Philippines
3375:Nationalist
3348:Ages of Man
3320: [
3308: [
3296: [
3274: [
3262: [
3098: [
3095:Revisionist
2987: [
2924:Renaissance
2789:Coloniality
2757: [
2745: [
2737:Historicity
2661:Revisionist
2651:Pop history
2622:Nationalist
2596: [
2541:Cliometrics
2509:Approaches,
2465:Methodology
2361:Linguistics
2311:Environment
2277:Vexillology
2200:Diplomatics
2183:Chorography
2122:Big History
2074:War diaries
2047:Illuminated
2042:Manuscripts
2027:Hieroglyphs
1907:historicity
1492:"φιλολογία"
1452:"philology"
1423:"philology"
1185:C. S. Lewis
1151:scientistic
1131:World War I
1114:Mesoamerica
1049:Old Persian
1022:Old Persian
899:deciphering
855:Comparative
790:philósophos
668:linguistics
609:Renaissance
575:comparative
571:philologist
559:linguistics
454:Terminology
429:Orthography
349:Usage-based
250:Translating
145:Acquisition
50:Linguistics
18:Philologist
6239:Categories
6223:Multimedia
6042:Technology
6006:Urreligion
5909:Kharijites
5860:Background
5528:Historical
5499:Zhou Enlai
5394:Mao Zedong
5389:Louis Riel
5162:Background
5013:Guilty Men
4955:Uniqueness
4878:Background
4873:Winter War
4797:Background
4730:Versailles
4584:Great Game
4231:Ricardians
4226:Tudor myth
3944:Partitions
3537:Succession
2827:Narratives
2812:Presentism
2768:Philosophy
2588:Humanistic
2476:Case study
2408:Indigenous
2386:Diplomatic
2330:Capitalism
2230:Onomastics
2188:Chronology
2017:Facsimiles
2002:Chronicles
1900:historians
1871:Historians
1596:2011-07-16
1531:2013-12-04
1506:2017-05-23
1437:2016-12-26
1408:2011-07-16
1323:References
1298:Stylistics
1278:Codicology
1147:US English
1124:Contention
828:sound laws
801:philologia
770:philólogos
754:philologie
747:philologia
715:philología
664:diachronic
525:philología
509:(from
424:Orismology
309:Functional
297:Generative
287:Dependency
107:Pragmatics
97:Morphology
87:Diachronic
32:philosophy
6245:Philology
6011:Perennial
5800:Economics
5752:Feudalism
5538:Australia
5286:Aurangzeb
5262:Political
5252:By person
4933:Pius Wars
4728:Treaty of
4387:conflicts
4194:Poor Laws
4057:Hispanism
3934:Sarmatism
3764:Sonderweg
3522:Expansion
3247:Litvinism
3081:Argentina
2915:Long 18th
2798:Dark Ages
2578:Historism
2376:Political
2315:Geography
2252:Philology
2215:Genealogy
2210:Epigraphy
2153:By source
1992:Artifacts
1398:Philology
1288:Etymology
1283:Elocution
1238:in 2012,
1143:philology
1061:cuneiform
953:Cognitive
869:Cover of
844:Nietzsche
784:φιλόσοφος
778:sophistic
765:φιλόλογος
761:adjective
710:φιλολογία
701:philology
698:The term
694:Etymology
563:etymology
518:φιλολογία
507:Philology
399:Iconicity
394:Etymology
314:Cognitive
277:Formalist
230:Phonetics
220:Philology
112:Semantics
102:Phonology
6213:Category
6128:template
5842:Religion
5693:Socrates
5608:Muhammed
5530:rankings
5411:Napoleon
5229:Category
5047:Cold War
4950:Slovakia
4537:Waterloo
4406:Crusades
4351:Military
4199:Scotland
4157:Kemalist
3479:Nam tiến
3474:Vietnam
3464:Ukraine
3422:Romania
3404:Portugal
3330:Georgia
3305:Medieval
3254:Bulgaria
3243:Belarus
3228:Austria
3034:Americas
3002:Morocco
2998:Ethiopia
2777:Specific
2700:Concepts
2605:Leninist
2563:Feminist
2551:Critical
2398:Feminism
2371:Military
2325:Business
2320:Economic
2302:Cultural
2286:By topic
2272:Toponymy
2220:Heraldry
2168:template
2115:By scale
2037:Logbooks
2022:Features
1987:Archives
1617:(2023),
1525:Archived
1500:Archived
1431:Archived
1355:21 March
1315:Kokugaku
1265:See also
1241:Footnote
1095:Linear A
1079:Linear B
1065:Sumerian
1057:Akkadian
998:Ugaritic
990:Assyrian
986:Sumerian
982:Egyptian
887:Sanskrit
850:Branches
797:allegory
645:Egyptian
637:Sanskrit
617:Germanic
595:and the
587:studies
532:language
200:Forensic
180:Distance
127:Typology
42:a series
40:Part of
6260:Writing
6148:Related
6038:Science
5683:Madonna
5655:Judaism
5618:Judaism
5450:Saladin
5340:Hypatia
5264:leaders
5188:Related
5141:Origins
5104:Origins
5055:Origins
4611:Origins
4557:Origins
4423:Origins
4285:Oceania
4248:British
4186:Kingdom
3829:Ireland
3736:Germany
3444:Sweden
3317:New Age
3293:Ancient
3289:Europe
3285:Croatia
3217:Albania
3210:Eurasia
3012:Rwanda
2710:General
2610:Marxist
2511:schools
2340:Thought
2307:Ecology
2069:Scrolls
2007:Codices
1975:Sources
1914:history
1891:History
1244:, is a
1163:Beowulf
1159:Unferth
1099:Minoans
1069:Hittite
1053:Elamite
994:Hittite
905:Textual
817:Lydgate
813:Chaucer
670:due to
641:Chinese
633:Persian
613:Romance
555:history
540:written
155:Applied
65:History
60:Outline
5774:Salons
5576:Others
5543:Canada
5177:Causes
5114:Causes
5089:Causes
4883:Spirit
4817:Causes
4787:Causes
4652:Causes
4621:Causes
4594:Causes
4572:Causes
4503:Causes
4250:Empire
4184:United
4150:Turkey
3965:Russia
3939:Deluge
3922:Poland
3662:France
3460:Taiwan
3433:Serbia
3239:Balhae
3090:Causes
3041:Canada
2975:Egypt
2968:Africa
2492:Tarikh
2413:Labour
2403:Gender
2393:Social
2193:dating
2059:Papyri
1982:Annals
1781:
1756:
1587:
1378:
1346:
1246:Hebrew
1055:, and
1018:Aegean
1002:Luwian
1000:, and
877:(1969)
795:As an
725:phílos
688:syntax
649:Nubian
629:Arabic
625:Slavic
621:Celtic
557:, and
470:Portal
368:Topics
117:Syntax
6021:Roman
5933:]
5747:]
5660:Islam
5630:Jesus
5518:]
5506:]
5494:]
5462:]
5438:]
5401:]
5364:]
5352:]
5320:]
5308:]
5033:]
4923:Nakba
4719:]
4683:]
4633:]
4515:]
4498:]
4141:]
4129:]
4105:]
4086:]
4041:Spain
3996:]
3984:]
3956:]
3863:Italy
3801:India
3778:]
3726:]
3714:]
3702:]
3683:]
3594:]
3569:China
3411:]
3370:Korea
3365:Japan
3354:Iran
3343:Greek
3324:]
3312:]
3300:]
3278:]
3271:Early
3266:]
3127:Casta
3102:]
3024:Maafa
2991:]
2761:]
2749:]
2600:]
2440:Women
2435:Urban
2423:Rural
2418:LGBTQ
2174:Books
2012:Deeds
1949:Types
1806:Runet
921:Bible
741:λόγος
735:lógos
730:λόγος
720:φίλος
706:Greek
601:Roman
513:
70:Index
6112:list
4707:1917
3719:Lyon
3190:Eras
3109:Peru
2844:list
2791:and
2671:Whig
1878:list
1779:ISBN
1754:ISBN
1585:ISBN
1550:Gita
1376:ISBN
1357:2020
1344:ISBN
1106:Maya
1085:and
1032:and
1024:and
1016:and
889:and
881:The
838:and
830:and
759:The
603:and
577:and
538:and
536:oral
252:and
245:Text
2838:Pax
1686:. "
1667:doi
1619:doi
1613:',
1183:by
1177:In
1036:).
1008:by
873:by
846:".
842:to
819:).
792:).
686:on
534:in
6241::
5931:it
5745:pt
5516:zh
5504:zh
5492:zh
5460:zh
5436:es
5399:zh
5362:ru
5350:zh
5318:zh
5306:zh
5031:fr
4717:ru
4681:fr
4658:/
4631:es
4513:ru
4496:fr
4139:es
4127:es
4103:es
4084:es
3994:ru
3982:ru
3954:pl
3776:de
3724:fr
3712:fr
3700:fr
3681:fr
3592:zh
3409:pt
3322:ru
3310:ru
3298:ru
3276:ru
3264:de
3100:es
2989:es
2759:de
2747:es
2598:pt
1706:,
1661:.
1630:^
1565:^
1494:.
1454:.
1429:.
1425:.
1257:,
1215:.
1191:.
1165:.
1093:.
1075:.
1067:.
1051:,
996:,
992:,
988:,
984:,
815:,
807:,
659:.
647:,
639:,
635:,
631:,
619:,
615:,
581:.
553:,
549:,
44:on
6114:)
6110:(
6040:/
4672:)
4668:(
4662:)
4654:(
4343:e
4336:t
4329:v
3845:"
3841:"
2170:)
2166:(
1850:e
1843:t
1836:v
1808:)
1787:.
1762:.
1673:.
1669::
1663:4
1625:.
1621::
1611:"
1599:.
1534:.
1509:.
1440:.
1411:.
1403:5
1384:.
1359:.
788:(
768:(
733:(
723:(
713:(
528:)
522:(
495:e
488:t
481:v
34:.
20:)
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