781:
772:. Israeli leaders opposed linking the loans to the political process; Shamir and the pro-Israel lobby in Washington decided to push forward with their request despite Bush's opposition. Israel and its supporters in Washington began a campaign to support the loan request, but Bush, with a 70 percent job approval rating, would not back down. By mid-September, U.S.āIsrael relations were tense; pro-Israel groups challenged the president and lobbied against the delay. Shamir had originally believed he could outflank Bush and Baker and turn to U.S. public opinion and the pro-Israel lobby. However, the U.S. Jewish community ā though visibly mobilized on this issue ā was not united in taking on the Administration, and Shamir soon backed away from a direct confrontation. With Bush's approval ratings high, and his unambiguous show of determination and will, he gained congressional support for the delay; following that, the diplomatic pieces soon fell into place and the parties convened in Madrid at the end of October.
45:
739:, President Bush and Secretary Baker felt the coalition victory and increased U.S. prestige would itself induce a new Arab-Israeli dialogue, but also because their diplomatic initiative focused on process and procedure rather than on specific agreements and concessions. From Washington's perspective, economic inducements would not be necessary, but in May, these entered the process with Israeli Prime Minister
816:, the head of the delegation, because of Israeli objections. Before the conference, Israel had threatened not to come if PLO representatives, or someone from outside the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, or someone from East Jerusalem would be part of the Palestinian delegation. However, the delegation was in constant communication with the PLO leadership in
944:, Gregory Harms and Todd Ferry argue that 'the symbolic significance of the Madrid conference far outweighed its accomplishments, which were thin indeed.' Nevertheless, an example had been made and a future model had been laid down, as the Madrid conference represents the first time all these countries had been gathered "face-to-face".
827:
The purpose of the conference was to serve as an opening forum for the participants and had no power to impose solutions or veto agreements. It inaugurated negotiations on both bilateral and multilateral tracks that also involved the international community. The Syrian and
Lebanese negotiators agreed
767:
Throughout the run-up to the Madrid conference, Israel's loan guarantee request remained a sore point. By early
September 1991, the Administration asked Congress for a 120-day delay on the loan guarantees. This postponement was seen as a way to get to Madrid, to buy time, and to soften the domestic
763:
policy, Palestinians and many Arab governments viewed the request for
Israeli loan guarantees as a test of America's credibility as mediator. In addition to Arab opposition, the Bush administration had its own problems with the request, because there was residual ill-will following Israel's refusal
884:
The multilateral negotiations were scheduled two weeks after the opening of the conference, but the first meeting in Moscow took place only on 28ā29 January 1992. The meetings were held in five separate forums each focusing on a major issue ā water, environment, arms control, refugees or economic
843:
The Madrid
Conference was followed by two parallel tracks of negotiations. The bilateral track was aimed at achieving peace treaties between Israel and its three neighbor states Jordan, Lebanon and Syria as well as with the Palestinians. The multilateral track was about the shared regional issues
714:
As a first step, Bush announced his intention to reconvene the international peace conference in Madrid. The Bush administration believed there was a window of opportunity to use the political capital generated by the U.S. victory in the Gulf War to revitalize the Arab-Israeli peace process. This
888:
The meetings took place between
September 1992 and November 1993. The first round took place in May 1992. Israel boycotted the groups on refugees and economic development because Palestinians from outside the West Bank and Gaza were present. Syria and Lebanon refused to take part in multilateral
669:
On 3 November, the conference was followed by bilateral negotiations between Israel and respectively the joint
Jordanian-Palestinian delegation, Lebanon and Syria. Subsequent bilateral meetings took place in Washington starting 9 December 1991. On 28 January 1992, multilateral negotiations about
758:
trips to the region between March and
October 1991 in an attempt to find a procedural formula acceptable to all sides. He did not have an easy time finding the right formula to convene the conference, particularly on the issue of Palestinian representation. In light of Shamir's
909:, on 16 December 1991. Israel also cites, as a major benefit of the conference and the peace process, the greatly increased number of countries which recognize and have some degree of diplomatic relations with it ā nearly doubling ā in particular citing the major powers of
892:
Formal talks in the multilateral track, which had been frozen for several years, resumed on 31 January 2000, with a meeting of the
Steering Committee in Moscow, to be followed by meetings of the working groups. After this round, however, the formal talks were stalled.
701:
in the Middle East following the expulsion of Iraqi forces from Kuwait. In addition to maintaining a permanent U.S. naval presence in the Gulf, providing funds for Middle East development, and instituting safeguards against the spread of unconventional weapons,
852:
Four separate sets of bilateral negotiations started on 3 November 1991, right after the formal conference ended. Twelve meetings in
Washington followed. The first one on 9 December 1991; the last one on 24 January 1994, four months after the conclusion of the
1236:
947:
At the end of the Madrid conference all participating countries appeared hopeful that the conference had resulted in a future road-map for reconciliation. The closing remarks presented below illustrate this hopeful sentiment:
965:"To the cosponsors and to the international community that seeks the achievement of a just peace in the Middle East, you have given us a fair hearing. You cared enough to listen and for that we thank you. Thank you."
2459:
1196:
768:
debate. If a settlement freeze could not be obtained from Israel, Bush and Baker wanted the issue off the agenda. " must do everything we can to give peace a chance," Bush said in requesting the delay from
1899:
1234:
260 General
Assembly Resolution 46-86- Revocation of Resolution 3379- 16 December 1991ā and statement by President Herzog, 16 December 1991, Vols 11ā12: 1988ā1992 and statement by President Herzog
1233:
2445:
764:
to verify whether the previous (October 1990) $ 400 million loan guarantee was used for settlement expansion; the administration did not see populating settlements as a humanitarian issue.
1217:
2334:
2097:
1133:
2032:
706:
notes "The centerpiece of his program, however, was the achievement of an Arab-Israeli treaty based on the territory-for-peace principle and the fulfillment of Palestinian rights."
2283:
1175:
609:
2327:
2124:
1995:
981:
in 1994. The IsraeliāSyrian negotiations included series of follow-on meetings, which according to some reports, came quite close, but failed to result in a peace treaty.
1191:
2090:
670:
regional cooperation were started in Moscow, attended by Israel, the Jordanian-Palestinian delegation and the international community, but without Lebanon and Syria.
1926:
747:, to help absorb immigrants on humanitarian grounds. This request however, added a new dimension to U.S. diplomacy and sparked a political showdown between Shamir's
719:
James Baker made eight diplomatic visits to the region to get support for the conference. A framework of objectives was formulated and the U.S., together with the
2290:
1853:
780:
715:
peace initiative focused on convening a multi-party international conference that would then break into separate, bilateral and multilateral negotiating tracks.
2341:
2168:
2053:
299:
289:
2269:
2074:
1420:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1602:
602:
690:
2415:
1816:
1810:
1383:
191:
181:
2438:
906:
804:
team was part of a joint Palestinian-Jordanian delegation and consisted of Palestinians from the West Bank and Gaza. It was formally without overt
1798:
1788:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1388:
1212:
902:
2586:
2177:
2083:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1622:
1612:
1606:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1560:
995:
832:
595:
546:
91:
1128:
2408:
1919:
1782:
2616:
2025:
1967:
1953:
1944:
1876:
724:
2524:
2431:
1543:
1537:
1393:
1253:
1373:
1170:
1156:
2621:
2067:
1868:
1858:
1378:
2626:
2494:
1114:
250:
2631:
2611:
2480:
2060:
1912:
1894:
1863:
1413:
686:
2646:
2538:
2531:
2276:
2106:
864:
government. The Madrid negotiations were later upstaged and eventually replaced by, initially secret, negotiations following the
304:
2046:
2641:
1044:
990:
643:
34:
1090:
954:"With an open heart, we call on the Arab leaders to take the courageous step and respond to our outstretched hand in peace"
2466:
1060:
969:
The bilateral IsraeliāPalestinian negotiations eventually led to the exchange of letters and the subsequent signing of the
2399:
2251:
2011:
2004:
1430:
1406:
1000:
2385:
2355:
1531:
1455:
824:
to act as a liaison. During the conference, PLO figures were present backstage to instruct the Palestinian delegation.
468:
1960:
1352:
1333:
865:
689:
audience that Israel should abandon its expansionist policies; this remark took many as a signal that the pro-Israel
2510:
2200:
716:
562:
161:
27:
905:
a condition of its participation in the conference; this was accomplished shortly thereafter, with the passage of
2146:
2139:
2132:
1935:
1778:
535:
522:
502:
2362:
1774:
1704:
1698:
1576:
1434:
978:
570:
240:
232:
2304:
1626:
1483:
1398:
910:
526:
2207:
697:
addressed Congress in a speech often cited as the Bush administration's principal policy statement on the
2554:
2392:
1570:
245:
977:
on 13 September 1993. The IsraelāJordan negotiations that emanated from the Madrid conference, led to a
44:
2563:
2228:
1716:
1694:
1630:
698:
554:
324:
263:
111:
2636:
2601:
2487:
2320:
2018:
1566:
1513:
1461:
937:, along with the decline of the Arab boycott and economic relations with some of the Arab countries.
284:
2651:
2376:
2297:
1477:
1473:
464:
294:
2591:
2424:
1744:
1519:
1116:
Underwriting Peace in the Middle East: U.S. Foreign policy and the Limits of Economic Inducements
1368:
1036:
1029:
2606:
2596:
2473:
2369:
2191:
1726:
1722:
789:
769:
735:
Although "check-book diplomacy" had been used in the past to move the peace process, as at the
578:
131:
121:
1904:
2348:
1822:
1495:
820:. Over Israeli objections, the PLO dispatched an unofficial "advisory delegation," headed by
679:
452:
2501:
2452:
1804:
1710:
873:
482:
227:
171:
101:
8:
2517:
2153:
1582:
1507:
1489:
1467:
255:
835:
with both the USSR and US present; the USSR collapsed later that year in December 1991.
2242:
1792:
1748:
1616:
960:
813:
801:
760:
736:
435:
412:
222:
151:
61:
2311:
1754:
1659:
1449:
1348:
1329:
1322:
1040:
785:
755:
694:
456:
217:
2235:
1842:
1665:
506:
472:
1848:
1501:
1240:
1221:
1200:
1179:
1137:
1094:
1085:
1024:
821:
727:, dated 30 October 1991 to Israel, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and the Palestinians.
425:
1064:
876:
pledged to end Shamir's settlement policy and reformulate national priorities.
861:
744:
740:
460:
384:
343:
332:
1428:
2580:
1889:
1369:
US-Soviet Letter Of Invitation to the Madrid Peace Conference 18 October 1991
970:
869:
854:
635:
337:
2184:
1688:
889:
meetings as long as there was no concrete progress on the bilateral level.
720:
703:
651:
639:
81:
2039:
1738:
1119:, Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 6, No. 1, March 2002.
1031:
Power, Faith, and Fantasy: America in the Middle East 1776 to the Present
974:
860:
The bilateral Israeli-Palestinian negotiations did not go well under the
809:
682:
360:
141:
1525:
934:
448:
1193:
The Palestinian delegation opening statement to the multilateral talks
1653:
1319:
844:
water, environment, arms control, refugees and economic development.
444:
838:
2214:
626:
was a peace conference, held from 30 October to 1 November 1991 in
1732:
930:
926:
901:
In the negotiations leading to Madrid, Israel made revocation of
659:
642:. It was an attempt by the international community to revive the
498:
421:
2284:
Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992
1324:
Negotiating Arab-Israeli Peace: Patterns, Problems,Possibilities
1130:
Palestinian Says His Delegation Will Assert P.L.O. Ties at Talks
1934:
793:
655:
647:
627:
389:
372:
348:
922:
914:
817:
748:
663:
631:
367:
730:
918:
885:
development. The European Union took part in the meetings.
996:
List of Soviet UnionāUnited States summits (1943 to 1991)
805:
693:
were over. After the Gulf War on 6 March 1991, President
896:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
2342:
Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990
1887:
1273:
1271:
952:
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir, 1 November 1991
1140:. Clyde Haberman, The New York Times, 22 October 1991
2270:
Alien Species Prevention and Enforcement Act of 1992
1143:
1279:
The Palestine-Israel Conflict: A Basic Introduction
1268:
1164:
942:
The Palestine-Israel Conflict: A Basic Introduction
1321:
1028:
788:addresses the Middle East Peace Conference at the
2416:Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act
839:Following bilateral and multilateral negotiations
2578:
2439:Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
1320:Eisenberg, Laura Zittrain; Caplan, Neil (1998).
1254:"Israeli Government Guide to the Peace Process"
2409:Housing and Community Development Act of 1992
1920:
1414:
1243:, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs website.
603:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
879:
2432:Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
1342:
1122:
1927:
1913:
1877:IsraeliāLebanese maritime border agreement
1421:
1407:
1035:. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. p.
1019:
1017:
1015:
610:
596:
547:IsraeliāPalestinian economic peace efforts
43:
2495:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990
1587:UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242
1561:UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194
1100:
847:
731:Loan guarantees and the settlements issue
2481:North American Wetlands Conservation Act
1898:) is being considered for deletion. See
1345:The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World
779:
751:government and the Bush administration.
2539:Water Resources Development Act of 1992
2532:Water Resources Development Act of 1990
2460:Matsunaga Hydrogen RD&D Act of 1990
2277:Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
2116:
1307:, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Winter 1992), p. 146.
1294:, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Winter 1992), p. 144.
1012:
2579:
1869:IsraelāMorocco normalization agreement
1859:BahraināIsrael normalization agreement
917:and some even in the Arab world, like
1908:
1402:
991:UN General Assembly Resolution 43/176
897:Impact of the Madrid Peace Conference
654:as well as Arab countries, including
2467:National Environmental Education Act
1864:IsraelāSudan normalization agreement
1603:IsraelāSyria disengagement agreement
1023:
959:Head of the Palestinian Delegation,
743:'s request for $ 11 billion in U.S.
16:Israeli-Palestinian peace conference
2617:20th-century diplomatic conferences
2400:U.S. Global Change Research Program
1161:. PNA, archived on 19 December 2003
1001:List of Middle East peace proposals
13:
2386:Global Change Research Act of 1990
2356:Integrated Farm Management Program
1854:IsraelāUAE normalization agreement
1745:Beirut Summit and peace initiative
1313:
14:
2663:
2587:IsraeliāPalestinian peace process
1902:to help reach a consensus. āŗ
1362:
644:IsraeliāPalestinian peace process
2511:Pollution Prevention Act of 1990
2305:Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
1783:Agreement on Movement and Access
646:through negotiations, involving
563:Middle East economic integration
162:Agreement on Movement and Access
2632:1991 in international relations
2612:Diplomatic conferences in Spain
1936:Presidency of George H. W. Bush
1895:Presidency of George H. W. Bush
1817:IsraeliāPalestinian peace talks
1811:IsraeliāPalestinian peace talks
1779:Israeli disengagement from Gaza
1379:Diagram of the Madrid Framework
1297:
1284:
1246:
1227:
709:
469:Palestinian Prisoners' Document
2647:November 1991 events in Europe
2363:Stewardship Incentives Program
1456:McMahonāHussein Correspondence
1384:All Madrid Conference Speeches
1347:. W. W. Norton & Company.
1281:, Canada: Pluto Press, p. 153.
1224:. Israel MFA, 19 November 2007
1206:
1185:
1079:
1053:
754:Secretary Baker made frequent
571:Alliance for Middle East Peace
525: / groups /
241:Palestinian political violence
1:
2642:October 1991 events in Europe
2622:IsraelāSoviet Union relations
1544:American trusteeship proposal
1290:The Madrid Peace Conference,
1277:Harms, G., Ferry, T. (2005),
1214:The Multilateral Negotiations
1203:. Israel MFA, 28 January 1992
1182:. Israel MFA, 28 January 1999
1097:. MidEastWeb, 30 October 1991
1006:
775:
673:
2627:Soviet UnionāSyria relations
1328:. Indiana University Press.
1305:Journal of Palestine Studies
1303:The Madrid Peace Conference
1292:Journal of Palestine Studies
1256:. Mfa.gov.il. 22 August 2000
1063:. Al-bab.com. Archived from
28:IsraeliāPalestinian conflict
7:
2393:National Climate Assessment
1158:Preamble: Madrid Conference
1087:The Madrid Peace Conference
984:
10:
2668:
2098:Presidential proclamations
1717:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum
1705:BeilināAbu Mazen agreement
1699:IsraelāJordan peace treaty
1631:Palestinian autonomy talks
264:Zionist political violence
112:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum
2548:
2488:Oil Pollution Act of 1990
2321:Energy Policy Act of 1992
2261:
2167:
2125:Joint session of Congress
2019:White House horseshoe pit
1943:
1831:
1674:
1627:EgyptāIsrael peace treaty
1552:
1484:FaisalāWeizmann agreement
1441:
1389:Multilateral Negotiations
880:Multilateral negotiations
678:As early as 22 May 1989,
624:Madrid Conference of 1991
536:Peace-orientated projects
492:Israeli unilateral plans:
285:Israeli West Bank barrier
190:
180:
170:
160:
150:
140:
130:
120:
110:
100:
90:
80:
70:
60:
2564:Clinton administration ā
2377:Wetlands Reserve Program
2298:Civil Rights Act of 1991
2068:Supreme Court candidates
1900:templates for discussion
1666:IsraelāLebanon agreement
1478:Anglo-French Declaration
1474:Declaration to the Seven
634:and co-sponsored by the
465:Israeli Peace Initiative
2555:ā Reagan administration
2425:Immigration Act of 1990
2208:Chemical Weapons Accord
1220:3 February 2009 at the
1178:1 February 2009 at the
1136:9 February 2019 at the
717:U.S. Secretary of State
2474:National Space Council
2370:USDA Rural Development
2222:1991 Madrid Conference
1775:Sharm El Sheikh Summit
1695:GazaāJericho Agreement
1577:Tripartite Declaration
967:
956:
848:Bilateral negotiations
828:on a common strategy.
797:
579:Peres Center for Peace
132:The Clinton Parameters
2349:Forest Legacy Program
2054:Judicial appointments
1823:John Kerry Parameters
1496:Churchill White Paper
1462:SykesāPicot Agreement
1435:ArabāIsraeli conflict
1093:30 March 2018 at the
973:, on the lawn of the
957:
950:
866:1992 Israeli election
783:
680:US Secretary of State
453:Arab Peace Initiative
317:International brokers
2502:Truth in Savings Act
2453:Lead and Copper Rule
2328:FDIC Improvement Act
2178:Soviet Union summits
2026:Presidential pardons
1805:Annapolis Conference
1799:UNSC Resolution 1701
1789:UNSC Resolution 1850
1771:UNSC Resolution 1583
1765:UNSC Resolution 1566
1761:UNSC Resolution 1559
1711:Wye River Memorandum
1567:Armistice agreements
1374:The Madrid Framework
1343:Shlaim, Avi (2001).
1199:21 June 2013 at the
1172:The Madrid Framework
833:last conference held
725:letter of invitation
483:Three-state solution
295:FatahāHamas conflict
246:Palestinian refugees
228:Palestinian enclaves
172:Annapolis Conference
102:Wye River Memorandum
2525:1992 VRA Amendments
2518:Ryan White CARE Act
2033:International trips
1648:UNSC Resolution 497
1642:UNSC Resolution 478
1636:UNSC Resolution 452
1623:UNSC Resolution 446
1613:UNSC Resolution 425
1607:UNSC Resolution 350
1597:UNSC Resolution 339
1593:UNSC Resolution 338
1583:Khartoum Resolution
1571:Lausanne Conference
1520:MorrisonāGrady Plan
1490:San Remo conference
1468:Balfour Declaration
1239:3 June 2011 at the
961:Haydar Abd al-Shafi
256:Status of Jerusalem
223:Israeli settlements
35:IsraeliāPalestinian
24:Part of a series on
2252:NAFTA negotiations
2243:Unified Task Force
2201:Invasion of Panama
2107:Clinton transition
1793:Quartet Principles
1727:Clinton Parameters
1617:Camp David Accords
903:UN Resolution 3379
814:Haidar Abdel-Shafi
798:
737:Camp David Accords
436:Two-state solution
413:One-state solution
279:Secondary concerns
182:Mitchell-led talks
86:1993 / 95
62:Camp David Accords
2574:
2573:
2312:Acid Rain Program
2163:
2162:
2147:1992 SOTU Address
2140:1991 SOTU Address
2133:1990 SOTU Address
2084:Executive actions
2012:Broccoli comments
2005:Vomiting incident
1885:
1884:
1755:Geneva Initiative
1723:Camp David Summit
1683:Madrid Conference
1660:Reagan peace plan
1633:
1538:UN Partition Plan
1532:London Conference
1514:London Conference
1450:Damascus Protocol
1061:"New World Order"
1046:978-0-393-33030-4
963:, 1 November 1991
786:George H. W. Bush
695:George H. W. Bush
620:
619:
457:Geneva Initiative
290:Places of worship
251:Security concerns
200:
199:
122:Camp David Summit
72:Madrid Conference
2659:
2637:1991 conferences
2602:Events in Madrid
2567:
2558:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2418:
2411:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2254:
2245:
2238:
2236:Somali Civil War
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2100:
2093:
2091:Executive orders
2086:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2040:Oval Office desk
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1843:Trump peace plan
1835:
1629:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1358:
1339:
1327:
1308:
1301:
1295:
1288:
1282:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1250:
1244:
1231:
1225:
1210:
1204:
1189:
1183:
1168:
1162:
1154:
1141:
1126:
1120:
1113:Scott Lasensky,
1111:
1098:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1034:
1021:
907:Resolution 46/86
808:associates like
612:
605:
598:
577:
569:
561:
553:
545:
539:
494:
486:
473:Trump Peace Plan
440:
417:
363:
327:
209:Primary concerns
58:
57:
47:
21:
20:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2652:1990s in Madrid
2577:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2446:JFK Records Act
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2414:
2407:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2375:
2368:
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503:Disengagement
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37:peace process
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19:
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2154:Chicken Kiev
1961:Inauguration
1893:
1791: /
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1763: /
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1725: /
1697: /
1689:Oslo Accords
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1258:. Retrieved
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1166:
1157:
1129:
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1086:
1081:
1069:. Retrieved
1065:the original
1055:
1030:
979:peace treaty
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790:Royal Palace
766:
753:
734:
721:Soviet Union
713:
710:Preparations
704:Michael Oren
691:Reagan years
677:
668:
652:Palestinians
640:Soviet Union
630:, hosted by
623:
621:
534:
491:
481:
434:
411:
233:Jewish state
82:Oslo Accords
71:
18:
1938:(1989ā1993)
1888:ā¹ The
1739:Taba Summit
1508:White Paper
975:White House
831:It was the
810:Saeb Erekat
802:Palestinian
683:James Baker
507:Realignment
361:Arab League
305:Electricity
142:Taba Summit
2581:Categories
1954:Transition
1875:2022
1847:2020
1841:2019
1821:2016
1815:2013
1809:2010
1803:2007
1797:2006
1787:2006
1769:2005
1759:2004
1753:2003
1743:2002
1737:2001
1731:2000
1721:2000
1715:1999
1709:1998
1703:1995
1693:1994
1687:1993
1681:1991
1664:1983
1658:1982
1646:1981
1640:1980
1621:1979
1611:1978
1601:1974
1591:1973
1581:1967
1575:1950
1565:1949
1559:1948
1542:1948
1536:1947
1526:Bevin Plan
1524:1947
1518:1946
1512:1939
1506:1939
1500:1937
1494:1922
1488:1920
1482:1919
1472:1918
1466:1917
1460:1916
1454:1915
1448:1914
1442:Background
1007:References
935:Mauritania
784:President
776:Conference
674:Background
449:Allon Plan
2335:FIRRE Act
1675:1991ā2016
1654:Fahd Plan
1553:1948ā1983
699:new order
445:Fahd Plan
405:Proposals
2215:Gulf War
2192:Helsinki
2117:Speeches
1968:Timeline
1945:Timeline
1890:template
1749:Road map
1237:Archived
1218:Archived
1197:Archived
1176:Archived
1134:Archived
1091:Archived
1027:(2007).
985:See also
796:, Spain.
770:Congress
650:and the
638:and the
523:Projects
152:Road Map
2047:Cabinet
1996:1992ā93
1892:below (
1834:present
1733:Isratin
1433:in the
1260:20 June
1071:20 June
931:Morocco
927:Tunisia
756:shuttle
660:Lebanon
499:Hafrada
422:Isratin
196:2013ā14
186:2010ā11
54:History
2127:(1989)
2061:Thomas
1351:
1332:
1043:
862:Shamir
794:Madrid
656:Jordan
648:Israel
628:Madrid
576:
568:
560:
552:
544:
390:France
373:Jordan
349:Russia
2185:Malta
1832:2019ā
923:Qatar
915:India
911:China
874:Labor
870:Rabin
818:Tunis
749:Likud
687:AIPAC
664:Syria
632:Spain
368:Egypt
300:Water
1989:1991
1982:1990
1975:1989
1349:ISBN
1330:ISBN
1262:2014
1073:2014
1041:ISBN
933:and
919:Oman
913:and
872:and
812:and
800:The
662:and
622:The
527:NGOs
176:2007
166:2005
156:2003
146:2001
136:2000
126:2000
116:1999
106:1998
96:1997
76:1991
66:1978
26:the
1037:569
940:In
806:PLO
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