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Israeli–Palestinian conflict

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northern border after all that has been expended on Lebanon, the Israeli public will be outraged.19 This cannot be correct, given the history which is not challenged (even if unreported, for the most part). When it came to be recognized that the rockets still "rain down," the story was modified: "Israel's two military forays into Lebanon were military disasters that failed to provide long-term security for Israel's northern border."20 Security had indeed been at risk, as a result of Israel's unprovoked attacks from 1981, and to a large extent before. The phrase "military disaster" does not refer to the killing of some 20,000 Lebanese and Palestinians in 1982, overwhelmingly civilians, the destruction of much of southern Lebanon and the capital city of Beirut, or the terrible atrocities carried out by Israeli troops through the mid-1980s; rather, to Israel's failure to impose the "new order" it had proclaimed for Lebanon and its inability to maintain its occupation in full because of the casualties caused by unanticipated resistance ("terror"), forcing it back to its "security zone." The actual reasons for the 1982 invasion have never been concealed in Israel, though they are rated "X" here.21 A few weeks after the invasion began, Israel's leading academic specialist on the Palestinians, Yehoshua Porath, pointed out that the decision to invade "flowed from the very fact that the cease-fire had been observed" by the PLO, a "veritable catastrophe" for the Israeli government because it endangered the policy of evading a political settlement. The PLO was gaining respectability thanks to its preference for negotiations over terror. The Israeli government's hope, therefore, was to compel "the stricken PLO" to "return to its earlier terrorism," thus "undercutting the danger" of negotiations. As Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir later stated, Israel went to war because there was "a terrible danger... Not so much a military one as a political one." The invasion was intended to "undermine the position of the moderates within ranks" and thus to block "the PLO 'peace offensive"' and "to halt rise to political respectability" (strategic analyst Avner Yaniv); it should be called "the war to safeguard the occupation of the West Bank," having been motivated by Begin's "fear of the momentum of the peace process," according to Israeli Arabist and former head of military intelligence General Yehoshaphat Harkabi. U.S. backing for Israel's aggression, including the vetoing of Security Council efforts to stop the slaughter, was presumably based on the same reasoning. After its failure to impose the intended "New Order" in Lebanon in 1982, Israel attempted to hold on to as much of Lebanon as possible, though it was forced to withdraw to its "security zone" as resistance caused too many Israeli casualties. Meanwhile Israel conducted violent terror operations, notably the "iron fist" operations of 1985 under the direction of Prime Minister Shimon Peres. These went on through the 1980s.2
7406:: "After Camp David, a new mythology emerged perpetrated by Barak and his foreign minister Shlomo Ben-Ami, with the support of Dennis Ross, Clinton’s secretary of state Madeleine Albright, and to a considerable extent Clinton himself. The mythology holds that at Camp David, Barak made a generous and unprecedented offer to the Palestinians, only to be met by a shocking if not perverse rejection by Arafat who then ordered a violent uprising at just the moment when the chances for peace had never been greater. For example, shortly after the conclusion of Camp David, Ben-Ami gave a long interview with Haaretz, claiming that Arafat did not go to Camp David to reach a compromise settlement but rather treated the negotiations as "a huge camouflage net behind which he sought to undermine the very idea of two states for two nations. . . . Camp David collapsed over the fact that refused to get in the game. They refused to make a counterproposal . . . and didn’t succeed in conveying . . . that at some point the demands would have an end."49 The implied premise of Barak and Ben-Ami was that Arafat thought the Palestinians held all the cards, so that if he held out long enough, he would eventually reach his goal: the destruction of Israel in stages and the takeover of all of historic Palestine. This view became widely accepted in US and Israeli public opinion... This and other Camp David mythologies have been rejected, both at the time and in retrospect, by nearly all scholars and knowledgeable journalists and by most Israeli and US officials who participated in the negotiations. In particular, they were challenged in interviews and memoirs by the leading Israeli negotiators, among them Ron Pundak, Yossi Beilin, Oden Era, Shaul Arieli, Yossi Ginosser, Moshe Amirav, and General Amnon Lipkin-Shahak, chief of staff of the IDF in 1995–1998. As well, the mythologies were strongly—and subsequently, publicly—rejected by Israel’s leading military intelligence officials, including Ami Ayalon, the 2000 head of Shin Bet, and Matti Steinberg, his chief advisor—and by Amos Malka, head of the IDF’s military intelligence bureau, and his second in command, Ephraim Lavie." 9148:"This situation has not substantially changed: In late 2012, the World Bank reported that “access to Gaza remains highly controlled, and only consumer goods and construction material for donor-supervised projects are allowed in. Products from Gaza to the West Bank and Israeli markets.. are prohibited. Only small shipments of certain agricultural and manufactured products are exported to other markets through donor-supported projects. East Jerusalem, which is considered a highly lucrative market, is beyond reach.” The virtual ban on exports from Gaza has not been lifted to this day (August 2014). Israel has claimed security reasons, but since the prohibitions involved such items as furniture destined for PA schools in the West Bank,» citrus fruit to West Bank grocers, and textiles to Israeli companies,” it is difficult not to conclude that the restrictions have little if anything to do with security. Instead, their purpose clearly is to maintain the separation of Gaza and the West Bank. Indeed, Israeli security officials themselves have attribut- ed the export ban “to a political decision to separate Gaza from the West Bank.” The government terms the policy a “political-security” necessity.*° Significantly, “decisions regarding sale of goods from Gaza to the West Bank.. could only be made by the prime minister’s office.””’ Diminution of the Private Sector: Some Statistics Among the consequences of the blockade (worsened by severe economic restrictions and continuing military assaults) is the extreme degradation of Gaza’s private sector and productive base...The Israeli government officially justifies closure as a security measure despite the fact that the Israeli security establishment itself has stated that closure is of limited value against extremist attacks" 5618:, The Lebanese Quagmire: "The real driving force behind Israel's invasion of Lebanon, however, was Ariel Sharon, whose aims were much more ambitious and far-reaching. From his first day at the Defense Ministry, Sharon started planning the invasion of Lebanon. He developed what came to be known as the "big plan" for using Israel's military power to establish political hegemony in the Middle East. The first aim of Sharon's plan was to destroy the PLO's military infrastructure in Lebanon and to undermine it as a political organization. The second aim was to establish a new political order in Lebanon by helping Israel's Maronite friends, headed by Bashir Gemayel, to form a government that would proceed to sign a peace treaty with Israel. For this to be possible, it was necessary, third, to expel the Syrian forces from Lebanon or at least to weaken seriously the Syrian presence there. In Sharon's big plan, the war in Lebanon was intended to transform the situation not only in Lebanon but in the whole Middle East. The destruction of the PLO would break the backbone of Palestinian nationalism and facilitate the absorption of the West Bank into Greater Israel. The resulting influx of Palestinians from Lebanon and the West Bank into Jordan would eventually sweep away the Hashemite monarchy and transform the East Bank into a Palestinian state. Sharon reasoned that Jordan's conversion into a Palestinian state would end international pressures on Israel to withdraw from the West Bank. Begin was not privy to all aspects of Sharon's ambitious geopolitical scenario, but the two men were united by their desire to act against the PLO in Lebanon.15" 6697:: "The real driving force behind Israel’s invasion of Lebanon, however, was Ariel Sharon, whose aims were much more ambitious and far-reaching. From his first day at the Defense Ministry, Sharon started planning the invasion of Lebanon. He developed what came to be known as the “big plan” for using Israel’s military power to establish political hegemony in the Middle East. The first aim of Sharon’s plan was to destroy the PLO’s military infrastructure in Lebanon and to undermine it as a political organization. The second aim was to establish a new political order in Lebanon by helping Israel’s Maronite friends, headed by Bashir Gemayel, to form a government that would proceed to sign a peace treaty with Israel. For this to be possible, it was necessary, third, to expel the Syrian forces from Lebanon or at least to weaken seriously the Syrian presence there. In Sharon’s big plan, the war in Lebanon was intended to transform the situation not only in Lebanon but in the whole Middle East. The destruction of the PLO would break the backbone of Palestinian nationalism and facilitate the absorption of the West Bank into Greater Israel. The resulting influx of Palestinians from Lebanon and the West Bank into Jordan would eventually sweep away the Hashemite monarchy and transform the East Bank into a Palestinian state. Sharon reasoned that Jordan’s conversion into a Palestinian state would end international pressures on Israel to withdraw from the West Bank. Begin was not privy to all aspects of Sharon’s ambitious geopolitical scenario, but the two men were united by their desire to act against the PLO in Lebanon.15"}} 12285:, Military Resistance Comes Undone: "On February 25, 1994, an American Jewish settler named Baruch Goldstein walked into the Ibrahimi Mosque in the West Bank city of Hebron during prayer time. Standing behind the rows of kneeling figures in front of him, Goldstein opened fire. Within minutes, twenty-nine Muslim worshippers had been killed and close to one hundred injured. The atrocity jolted the nascent Israeli-Palestinian bilateral negotiations that had gathered pace in the wake of the First Intifada, prompted by the PLO’s strategic redirection in 1988. Less than six months before the Hebron attack, in September 1993, PLO chairman Yasser Arafat and Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin had awkwardly shaken hands in a widely publicized event on the South Lawn of the White House. The leaders had assembled in the American capital to sign the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements, popularly known as the Oslo Accords, referring to the capital city where the secretive talks leading to the agreement had taken place. Following the signing, negotiations between Israel and the PLO in the form of a "peace process" were launched.1 Goldstein’s attack served as a reminder of the bloody challenges this process faced. Forty-one days after the shooting, once the time allotted for Muslim ritual mourning had been respected, a member of Hamas approached a bus stop in Afula, a city in northern Israel. Standing next to fellow passengers, the man detonated a suicide vest, killing seven Israelis. This was on April 6, 1994, a day that marked Hamas’s first lethal suicide bombing in Israel." 10595:
that formalizes the network of colonization.1 Under the mantle of security claims, the Jewish state has created in the Palestinian territories one of the most efficient occupation regimes in history, which is, moreover, also cost-effective, for it is the international community's donor money to the Palestinian Authority that saves the occupier the burden of having to directly administer the territories. This leaves Israel free to cater to its insatiable security needs with draconic measures, such as limiting the Palestinians' freedom of movement, erecting walls that separate communities, dotting roads with checkpoints where innocent people are manhandled, activating sophisticated intelligence mechanisms that control the lives of an ever growing number of suspects, conducting surprise searches of private houses in the middle of the night, and carrying out arbitrary administrative detentions. If this were not enough, vigilantes among the settlers, some known as "the Youth of the Hills," constantly harass Palestinian communities, destroy orchard trees, and arbitrarily apply a "price tag" of punishments to innocent civilians for whatever terrorist attack might have been perpetrated by a Palestinian squad. Underlying this very serious problem of the unpardonable depravity of settlers' extremism is the even more serious problem that has to do with the involvement of the entire Israeli body politic in maintaining and continuously expanding a regime of dominance in the territories. For too long, the peace process has served as a curtain behind which the policy of practical annexation has flourished.
5398:, p. 216: "The disastrous defeat of the Arab states in the 1973 war also played a major role in convincing Arafat of the need for a compromise peace settlement.19 Arafat's decision to start peace negotiations with Israel led to the June 1974 PLO agreement to adopt a new strategy that called for a struggle for "every part of Palestine that is liberated" (emphasis added). Anziska writes that this constituted "an acceptance of a political solution on a limited piece of territory,"20 the first step, however vague, that opened the door for a Palestinian acceptance of a two-state solution...19.In a recent major work, historian Seth Anziska writes that the 1973 war "launched a new phase in the PLO's struggle, oriented toward partition and the acknowledgment of Israel's presence. In the aftermath of the October War, the PLO sought a place within the comprehensive diplomatic negotiations, which required political compromise and the eventual embrace of a state on far less territory than historic Palestine" (Anziska, Preventing Palestine, Kindle 25). Similarly, Bird writes: "By mid-1974 the PLO was rapidly moving away from a strategy of armed struggle and morphing into a political movement seeking international legitimacy" based on a two-state solution (Bird, The Good Spy, Kindle location 2560–75). For similar assessments of the importance of the 1974 PLO program, see Hart, Arafat, 10–11; Weinberger, "The Palestinian National Security Debate"; Nofal, "Yasir Arafat: A Mixed Legacy"; Tessler, A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Kindle 483–84; and Elgindy, Blind Spot, Kindle 88. 5446:, The Camp David Accords "The Camp David Accords were signed in an impressive ceremony in the White House on 17 September 1978. The two accords were entitled "A Framework for Peace in the Middle East" and "A Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Israel and Egypt." The former stated in its preamble, "The agreed basis for a peaceful settlement of the conflict between Israel and its neighbours is UN Security Council Resolution 242 in all its parts." The framework dealt with the West Bank and Gaza and envisaged nothing less than "the resolution of the Palestinian problem in all its aspects." Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and the representatives of the Palestinian people were to participate in the negotiations, which were to proceed in three stages. In the first, the ground rules would be laid for electing a "self-governing authority" for the territories, and the powers of this authority would be defined. In the second stage, once the self-governing authority had been established, a transitional period would begin. Israel's military government and its civilian administration would be withdrawn; Israel's armed forces would also be withdrawn and the remaining forces redeployed into specified security locations. In the third stage, not later than the third year after the beginning of the transitional period, negotiations would take place to determine the final status of the West Bank and Gaza. These negotiations had to recognize "the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people and their just requirements." 4450:, p. 108: "The repression of the revolt had an impact not only on the populace, but also on the Palestinians’ ability to fight thereafter, and on the already fractured capabilities of their national leadership. A high proportion of the Arab casualties included the most experienced military cadres and enterprising fighters.6 By the end of the revolt, most of the top Arab political leaders and thousands of other cadres, militants, and fighters were imprisoned, interned by the British in the Seychelles, in exile, or dead. The British also confiscated large quantities of arms and ammunition from the Arabs during the revolt, and continued to do so during later years.7 By the end of the revolt, existing political divisions within the Palestinian polity had become envenomed, leading to profound rifts between the majority supporting the revolt and a minority that had become alienated from the leadership: the consequence was assassinations, infighting, and further weakening of the Palestinian position. The impact of the revolt on the Palestinian economy was also severe, although some of that damage was self-inflicted, as a boycott of British and Jewish goods and of the mandatory government during the strike and the revolt simply opened up opportunities for the already larger Jewish-controlled sector of the economy of Palestine to expand further." 13848:
Awe," Haaretz (31 December 2010). The broad consensus among human rights organizations was that these police should overwhelmingly be classified as civilians because they did not take a direct part in hostilities and were not members of Palestinian armed groups. The veracity of Israeli figures could be tested by scrutinizing the "under 16" subclassification. Whereas Israel alleged that 89 Palestinians under age 16 were killed, B'Tselem reported that 252 Palestinians under 16 were killed and that it had "copies of birth certificates and death certificates along with other documents regarding the vast majority of the minors who were killed." For critical analysis of Israeli casualty figures, see Public Committee against Torture in Israel (PCATI), No Second Thoughts: The changes in the Israeli Defense Forces' combat doctrine in light of "Operation Cast Lead" (2009), pp. 9–11. This study showed that Israel abruptly altered the figures it tabulated for Palestinian deaths, and concluded that "the casualty estimates provided by other sources (around 1,400 killed) are more credible than those provided by the IDF Spokesperson." Even the largely apologetic US Department of State 2009 Human Rights Report put the number of dead "at close to 1,400 Palestinians, including more than 1,000 civilians."
12122:, p. 221: "In any event, there was no legitimate security argument at all for the Israeli seizure of Arab East Jerusalem immediately after the 1967 war and for subsequently settling religious fanatics in the West Bank. The real motivating forces for most of the postwar Israeli expansionism into the West Bank and East Jerusalem were clearly "Greater Israel" nationalism and religious messianism. If anything, as many Israeli security experts pointed out at the time, the "need" to defend the settlers was a security liability...Israeli governments have long cited "security" as the reason they need to maintain occupation of Arab territories—but when Israel withdrew from Lebanon and Egyptian territory, the attacks against it ended. It is unlikely that an Israeli withdrawal from the Palestinian territories would have a different result—and if it did, there would be little to prevent Israel from reinvading and occupying those territories. Moreover, in those circumstances repression of any continuing Palestinian violence would have a legitimacy that it currently lacks. For these reasons, Israel has a security problem with the Palestinians only in the same way that colonial powers had “security problems” with nationalist uprisings that eventually forced them to withdraw." 6709:: "The PLO followed the Algiers resolutions with a concerted attempt to project a more moderate image. It made a special effort to gain respectability by dissociating the PLO from terrorism. Arafat issued a series of statements on the subject, which failed to satisfy the United States, so in the end the State Department virtually dictated the text that Arafat read at the opening of his press conference in Geneva on 14 December. “I repeat for the record,” stated Arafat, “that we totally and absolutely renounce all forms of terrorism, including individual, group and state terrorism. Between Geneva and Algiers we have made our position crystal clear.” The statement unconditionally accepted Resolutions 242 and 338 and clearly recognized Israel’s right to exist. All the conditions that Henry Kissinger had laid down in 1975 for dealing with the PLO had now been met. One of the last major foreign policy acts of the outgoing Reagan administration was to recognize the PLO and to open a substantive dialogue with it. This dialogue was conducted by the American ambassador in Tunis. President Reagan stated publicly that the special commitment of the United States to Israel’s security and well-being remained unshakable."}} 2306:
Employment in this sector dropped to 4% by 2010, with an overall unemployment rate of 40% at this time and 80% of the population living on less than 2 dollars a day. Fewer than 40 commercial items were allowed in to the Gaza Strip by 2009, compared to a list of 4,000 items before the start of the blockade. Fuel imports were restricted such that 95% of Gaza's industrial operations were forced to close, with the rest operating far below capacity. In aggregate, 100,000 out of the 120,000 employed in the private sector lost their jobs as a result of the blockade. Most critically for the economy has been the near complete ban on exports from the Gaza Strip. The number of truckloads carrying exports fell to 2% their pre-blockade numbers. Only exports to the European market were allowed, a far less profitable market for Gazans than Israel and the West Bank. The products approved for export were primarily flowers and strawberries. The first export to the West Bank or Israel did not happen until 2012 and only in very limited quantities: up to four truckloads of furniture manufactured in Gaza were allowed through Israel for an exhibition in Amman.
1766: 11202:, Fateh, the PLO, and the PA: The Palestinian Para-State: "Outside Palestine, meanwhile, live between 4 and 6 million Palestinians (reliable figures are not available). They exist in situations ranging from the utter misery (since 1982) of those in refugee camps in Lebanon,2 to a wide diversity of conditions, some of them quite comfortable, in various other Arab countries, Europe, and the United States. These Palestinians 'of the diaspora' (al-shatat in Arabic) possess a variety of passports, laissez-passers, and refugee documents, some of which are looked upon with great suspicion by certain states, and some of them face harsh restrictions on their movement in consequence. The largest single group of Palestinians of the diaspora, between 2 and 3 million, carry Jordanian passports, and most of them live in Jordan. What unites the overwhelming majority of these 4 to 6 million people is that they or their parents or grandparents were obliged to leave their homes and became refugees in 1948 or afterward, and that they are barred from living in any part of their ancestral homeland, Palestine." 6721:: "To Shamir it was crystal clear, once again, that the PLO had not abandoned the path of terror. For him the PLO had always been and would forever remain a terrorist organization. His response to the momentous changes taking place in the Palestinian camp was a reaffirmation of his previous position: no to withdrawal from the occupied territories, no to recognition of the PLO, no to negotiation with the PLO, no to a Palestinian state. Shamir called the U.S. decision to enter into a dialogue with the PLO a “grave error.” He saw it as a threat to the long-standing American-Israeli collaboration in support of the territorial status quo. “For the PLO,” explained Shamir, “a Palestinian state is a minimum. Therefore, anyone who engages in negotiations with it in effect accepts this principle. What else can one talk about with the PLO, if not about a Palestinian state?” Vice-Premier Peres described the opening of the U.S.-PLO dialogue as “a sad day for all of us.” But he felt that Israel had to come up with its own peace initiative, since it was impossible to preserve the status quo."}} 5434:, THE FIRST MOMENT: BEGIN AND PALESTINIAN AUTONOMY IN 1982: "In addition to their central provision, for a peace treaty between the two countries, the Camp David Accords, agreed upon by Israel and Egypt under the aegis of the United States in 1978, called for negotiations for the establishment of a "Self-Governing Authority" (SGA) for the Arab population of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Jerusalem was to be excluded from its provisions. The accords stipulated "full autonomy for the inhabitants," but crucially, this did not apply to the land, which was to remain under full Israeli control. A bilateral peace treaty based on these accords was signed between Israel and Egypt in 1979, and Israel thereafter began a withdrawal of its forces from the occupied Egyptian Sinai Peninsula, which was completed in the spring of 1982. However, the modalities of the Palestinian-autonomy accords were a continuing source of dispute between the three signatories to the Camp David Accords, as well as with the Palestinians and other Arabs, and in the end they were never implemented." 12073:, Introduction: "Similarly, in this lexicon, "security" is an absolute priority of Israel's, the need for which is invariably described as rooted in genuine, deep-seated existential fears. "Israeli security" therefore takes precedence over virtually everything else, including international law and the human rights of others. It is an endlessly expansive concept that includes a remarkable multitude of things, such as whether pasta or generator parts can be brought into the Gaza Strip, or whether miserably poor Palestinian villagers can be allowed water cisterns.1 By contrast, in spite of the precarious nature of their situation, Palestinians are presumed not to have any significant concerns about their security. This is the case even though nearly half the Palestinian population have lived for more than two generations under a grinding military occupation without the most basic human, civil, or political rights, and the rest have for many decades been dispersed from their ancestral homeland, many of them living under harsh, authoritarian Arab governments." 5569:
political power of the PLO in Lebanon, to install a friendly regime there, and then, freed from effective Palestinian resistance, to pursue its policy of settlement and annexation of occupied Palestine. With some degree of acquiescence from the USA, Israel invaded Lebanon in June 1982. The invasion culminated in a long siege of the western part of Beirut, mainly inhabited by Muslims and dominated by the PLO. The siege ended with an agreement, negotiated through the US government, by which the PLO would evacuate west Beirut, with guarantees for the safety of Palestinian civilians given by the Lebanese and US governments. At the same time, a presidential election resulted in the military head of the Kata'ib, Bashir Jumayyil, becoming president; he was assassinated soon afterwards and his brother Amin was then elected. The assassination was taken by Israel as an opportunity to occupy west Beirut, and this allowed the Kata'ib to carry out a massacre of Palestinians on a large scale in the refugee camps of Sabra and Shatila.
9005:: "Sharon’s plan was the latest in a long series of measures Israel had taken to separate the Gaza Strip from the West Bank. Although policies of isolation reach back to the 1950s, more contemporary measures began with the “soft quarantining” of Gaza after the signing of the Oslo Accords, including the gradual tightening of border crossings and the construction of barriers to geographically sever the coastal enclave from Israel.9 Sharon’s initiative also reflected a continuation of his use of the pretext of security to unilaterally consolidate Israel’s grip on the territories while avoiding any form of political engagement with the Palestinians.10 This goal was explicitly articulated by Sharon’s top aide, Dov Weisglass, in an interview several months later. “The disengagement is actually formaldehyde,” Weisglass told the Israeli newspaper Haaretz. “It supplies the amount of formaldehyde that is necessary so that there will not be a political process with the Palestinians.”" 3463:, Israeli figures reported the number of Palestinians killed at 1,166 Palestinian, 60 percent were classified as "terrorists" by Israeli officials. This discrepancy is partially due to Israel's classification of Gazan police, who did not take part in hostilities, as combatants. The broad consensus among human rights organizations is that these police were primarily civilians, as they did not actively participate in hostilities nor were they part of armed groups. The accuracy of Israeli casualty figures was further questioned based on the number of children killed. Israel reported 89 Palestinian minors killed, whereas the human rights organization B'Tselem reported 252, substantiating their figures with birth and death certificates and other documents in almost all cases. The Israeli figures also stand out against the figures published by the US Department of State, which reported the number killed "at close to 1,400 Palestinians, including more than 1,000 civilians." 12381:, Chapter 3: "Rather than building the wall on Israeli land or along the 1967 borders, however, the structure snaked through Palestinian territories, unilaterally seizing more than 10 percent of the West Bank, including whole neighborhoods around East Jerusalem as well as major settlement blocs that were integrated into this de facto border. The structure split whole Palestinian villages in half and had an immediate effect on the freedom of movement for Palestinians within the occupied territories. Jewish settlers living illegally within the same land continued to be linked into Israel through exclusive Jewish-only highways and bypass roads. On July 20, 2004, the International Court of Justice issued an advisory opinion ruling that the wall was illegal, to no effect.4 With Israel’s planned disengagement from the Gaza Strip and the construction of advanced "security" infrastructure, Sharon was actively restructuring the framework of Israel’s occupation." 2498:, in violation of international law. Israel seized a significant area further east of the city, eventually creating a barrier of Israeli settlements around the city, isolating Jerusalem's Palestinian population from the West Bank. Israel's policy of constructing sprawling Jewish neighborhoods surrounding the Palestinian sections of the city were aimed at making a repartition of the city almost impossible. In a further effort to change the demography of Jerusalem in favor of a Jewish majority, Israel discouraged Palestinian presence in the city while encouraging Jewish presence, as a matter of policy. Specifically, Israel introduced policies restricting the space available for the construction of Palestinian neighborhoods, delaying or denying building permits and raising housing demolition orders. Tensions in Jerusalem are primarily driven by provocations by Israeli authorities and Jewish extremists against Arabs in the city. 5349:
community converged on a framework for resolving the festering conflict. This framework comprised two elements rooted in fundamental principles of international law. The first called for Israel's full withdrawal from the occupied Palestinian and other Arab territories in exchange for Palestinian-Arab recognition of Israel. The second called for establishing an independent State of Palestine on the Palestinian territories from which Israel would withdraw, i.e., the West Bank and Gaza, as well as a "just resolution" of the Palestinian refugee question.10 Land for peace and Palestinian self-determination secured through a two-state settlement: these principles for a reasonable if imperfect resolution of the Israel-Palestine conflict were eventually endorsed by an overwhelming consensus at the International Court of Justice (ICJ), in the political organs of the United Nations (UN), and of respected human rights organizations.11
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Israeli military control in 1967. By the late 1970s, Palestinian leadership in the occupied territories and most Arab states supported a two-state settlement. In 1981, Saudi Arabia put forward a plan based on a two-state settlement to the conflict with support from the Arab League. Israeli analyst Avner Yaniv describes Arafat as ready to make a historic compromise at this time, while the Israeli cabinet continued to oppose the existence of a Palestinian state. Yaniv described Arafat's willingness to compromise as a "peace offensive" which Israel responded to by planning to remove the PLO as a potential negotiating partner in order to evade international diplomatic pressure. Israel would invade Lebanon the following year in an attempt to undermine the PLO as a political organization, weakening Palestinian nationalism and facilitating the annexation of the West Bank into Greater Israel.
2214:. Besides the numerous fatalities, Amnesty said at least 261 Palestinians, including 67 children, had been gravely injured by Israeli use of live ammunition. In this same period, 45 Palestinians, including 6 children had been killed. Amnesty's review of 25 civilians deaths concluded that in no case was there evidence of the Palestinians posing an imminent threat. At the same time, over 8,000 Palestinians suffered serious injuries from other means, including rubber-coated metal bullets. Only one IDF soldier was convicted, killing a Palestinian attempting to enter Israel illegally. The soldier was demoted and given a 1-year sentence with a five-month suspension. The IDF answered the charges stating that its army held itself "to the highest of professional standards", adding that when there was suspicion of wrongdoing, it investigated and took action "where appropriate". 1630:
The disagreement between the two parties at Camp David was primarily on the acceptance (or rejection) of international consensus. For Palestinian negotiators, the international consensus, as represented by the yearly vote in the UN General Assembly which passes almost unanimously, was the starting point for negotiations. The Israeli negotiators, supported by the American participants, did not accept the international consensus as the basis for a settlement. Both sides eventually accepted the Clinton parameters "with reservations" but the talks at Taba were "called to a halt" by Barak, and the peace process itself came to a stand-still. Ben-Ami, who participated in the talks at Camp David as Israel's foreign minister, would later describe the proposal on the table: "The Clinton parameters... are the best proof that Arafat was right to turn down the summit’s offers".
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definite conclusions.116 Not just the ICJ, however, but also many respected human rights organizations expressed such worries. B'Tselem concluded that the "underlying reason" of the wall's route was "to establish facts on the ground that would perpetuate the existence of settlements and facilitate their future annexation into Israel." Likewise, Human Rights Watch concluded that the "existing and planned route of the barrier appears to be designed chiefly to incorporate and make contiguous with Israel illegal civilian settlements." Likewise, Amnesty International concluded that Israel was building the wall to "consolidate its control over land which is being used for illegal Israeli settlements," and that "the very expensive and sophisticated structure of the fence/wall indicates that it is likely intended as a permanent structure."117
7174:, pp. 352 "In a letter to President Clinton, who presided over the proceedings, Palestinian representatives stated that their aim was implementation of U.N. Resolution 242 and that "e are willing to accept adjustments of the border between the two countries, on condition that they be equivalent in value and importance." Repeatedly the Palestinian negotiators asked: "Will you accept the June 4border ? Will you accept the principle of the exchange of territories?" The Israeli position was that "e can’t accept the demand for a return to the borders of June 1967as a pre-condition for the negotiation," while Clinton "literally yells," in response to the Palestinian view that "international legitimacy means Israeli retreat to the border of June 4,1967," that "his isn’t the Security Council here. This isn't the U.N. General Assembly."" 2846:, since the erection of the fence, terrorist acts have declined by approximately 90%. The decline in attacks can also be attributed to the permanent presence of Israeli troops inside and around Palestinian cities and increasing security cooperation between the IDF and the Palestinian Authority during this period. The barrier followed a route that ran almost entirely through land occupied by Israel in June 1967, unilaterally seizing more than 10% of the West Bank, including whole neighborhoods and settlement blocs, while splitting Palestinian villages in half with immediate effects on Palestinian's freedom of movement. The barrier, in some areas, isolated farmers from their fields and children from their schools, while also restricting Palestinians from moving within the West Bank or pursuing employment in Israel. 5290:, pp. 63–64, "The Zionists and their supporters rejoiced; the Arab delegations walked out of the plenum after declaring the resolution invalid. The Arabs failed to understand why the international community was awarding the Jews any part of Palestine. Further, as one Palestinian historian later put it, they could not fathom why 37 percent of the population had been given 55 percent of the land (of which they owned only 7 percent). Moreover, the Jews had been given the best agricultural lands (the Coastal Plain and Jezreel and Jordan Valleys) while the Arabs had received the 'bare and hilly' parts, as one Palestinian politician, 'Awni 'Abd al-Hadi, told a Zionist agent.162 More generally, 'the Palestinians failed to see why they should be made to pay for the Holocaust. . . . they failed to see why it was 691: 2241:
was further formalized with the implementation of an Israeli closure regime in 1991, where Israel began requiring Gazans to obtain permits to exit the Gaza Strip and to enter the West Bank (cancelling the "general exit permit"). By treating the Gaza Strip as a separate entity, Israel has aimed to increase it's control over the West Bank while avoiding a political resolution to the conflict. The lack of territorial contiguity between Gaza and the West Bank and the absence of any "safe passage" explain the success of Israel's policy of separation. Harvard political economist Sara Roy describes the separation policy as motivated by Israeli rejection of territorial compromise, fundamentally undermining Palestinian political and economic cohesion and weakening national unity among Palestinians.
12617:, Chapter 6: "However, none of the rockets had a warhead of the size or lethality of the over 49,000 tank and artillery shells fired by Israel in 2014. The Soviet-designed 122mm Grad or Katyusha rocket commonly used by Hamas and its allies normally carried either a 44- or 66-pound warhead (compared with the 96-pound 155mm shells), although many were fitted with smaller warheads to increase their range. Most of the homemade Qassam rockets that were used had considerably smaller warheads. Together, the 4,000 Qassam, Katyusha, Grad, and other missiles that were fired from the Gaza Strip, and that reached Israel (many were so imprecise and poorly manufactured that they fell short and landed within the strip), would have likely had less explosive power in total than a dozen 2,000-pound bombs." 5630:: "On September 1 an IDF helicopter flew Gemayel to Nahariya, in northern Israel, where he met Begin, who had just been informed of the "Reagan Plan," the new American initiative for Israeli withdrawal from most of the occupied territories in exchange for Arab recognition and peace. By invading Lebanon, Begin had hoped to neutralize Palestinian nationalism and facilitate Israeli annexation, at least de facto, of the West Bank. But the invasion had brought home to the Americans the plight of the Palestinians and the imperative of resolving their problem, with Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank among the necessary preconditions. The Reagan initiative ruled out a final settlement that would involve either Israeli annexation of the territories or full-fledged Palestinian statehood.252" 1645: 5025:, Chapter 1: "IN SPITE OF the sacrifices made—which can be gauged from the very large numbers of Palestinians who were killed, wounded, jailed, or exiled—and the revolt’s momentary success, the consequences for the Palestinians were almost entirely negative. The savage British repression, the death and exile of so many leaders, and the conflict within their ranks left the Palestinians divided, without direction, and with their economy debilitated by the time the revolt was crushed in the summer of 1939. This put the Palestinians in a very weak position to confront the now invigorated Zionist movement, which had gone from strength to strength during the revolt, obtaining lavish amounts of arms and extensive training from the British to help them suppress the uprising."}} 2038: 1721:
general principle is that Arab areas are Palestinian and that Jewish areas are Israeli." The holy sites were to be split on the basis that Palestinians would have sovereignty over the Temple Mount/Noble sanctuary, while the Israelis would have sovereignty over the Western Wall. On refugees the plan suggested a number of proposals including financial compensation, the right of return to the Palestinian state, and Israeli acknowledgment of suffering caused to the Palestinians in 1948. Security proposals referred to a "non-militarized" Palestinian state, and an international force for border security. Both sides accepted Clinton's plan and it became the basis for the negotiations at the Taba Peace summit the following January.
2972:, the UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator in the occupied Palestinian territory, explained at the launch of the publication: "Gaza will have half a million more people by 2020 while its economy will grow only slowly. In consequence, the people of Gaza will have an even harder time getting enough drinking water and electricity, or sending their children to school". Gaylard present alongside Jean Gough, of the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), and Robert Turner, of the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). The report projects that Gaza's population will increase from 1.6 million people to 2.1 million people in 2020, leading to a density of more than 5,800 people per square kilometre. 2923: 2442:
United States and Israel has been in consensus on a framework for resolving the conflict on the basis of international law. Various UN bodies and the ICJ have supported this position; every year, the UN General Assembly votes almost unamimously in favor of a resolution titled "Peaceful Settlement of the Question of Palestine." This resolution consistently affirms the illegality of the Israeli settlements, the annexation of East Jerusalem, and the principle of the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war. It also emphasizes the need for an Israeli withdrawal from the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967 and the need for a just resolution to the refugee question on the basis of UN resolution 194.
5701:
Lebanon it incarcerated 15,000 persons, according to the International Committee of the Red Cross. The IDF continued north to Beirut, where it forced the PLO out of Lebanon. Israel claimed self-defense for its invasion, but the lack of PLO attacks into Israel during the previous year made that claim dubious. By invading Lebanon, Israel evidently sought to destroy the extensive Palestinian military and administrative infrastructure in Lebanon19 and, by removing the PLO, to convince the Arabs of the Gaza Strip and West Bank that they would get no help from the PLO.20 In the United States Harold Saunders, a former assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern and South Asian affairs, said that Israel aimed,
5013:, Chapter 1: "Of all the services Britain provided to the Zionist movement before 1939, perhaps the most valuable was the armed suppression of Palestinian resistance in the form of the revolt. The bloody war waged against the country’s majority, which left 10 percent of the adult male Arab population killed, wounded, imprisoned, or exiled,55 was the best illustration of the unvarnished truths uttered by Jabotinsky about the necessity of the use of force for the Zionist project to succeed. To quash the uprising, the British Empire brought in two additional divisions of troops, squadrons of bombers, and all the paraphernalia of repression that it had perfected over many decades of colonial wars." 5505:, The Third Declaration of War: "Nevertheless, after all this and despite an Israeli incursion in 1978—the Litani Operation—which left a swath of south Lebanon under the control of its proxy, the South Lebanese Army, the PLO was still standing. Indeed, it remained the strongest force in large parts of Lebanon, those that were not in the hands of foreign armies or their proxies, including West Beirut, Tripoli, Sidon, the Shouf Mountains, and much of the south. It would take one more military campaign to dislodge the PLO, and in 1982, American Secretary of State General Alexander Haig agreed to Ariel Sharon's plans for Israel to finish off the organization and with it Palestinian nationalism." 2191: 8409:
deplored the establishment of settlements, and have done so by overwhelming majorities throughout the period (since the end of 1976) of the rapid expansion in their numbers. The Security Council has also been critical of deportations and settlements; and other bodies have viewed them as an obstacle to peace, and illegal under international law... Although East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights have been brought directly under Israeli law, by acts that amount to annexation, both of these areas continue to be viewed by the international community as occupied, and their status as regards the applicability of international rules is in most respects identical to that of the West Bank and Gaza.
2345: 2702: 2480: 2245:
a border dispute, as opposed to those of military occupation (this framing was rebuffed by the ICJ in 2024 when the court stated that Israel continued to occupy the Gaza Strip even after the 2005 disengagement). Indeed, the intensified blockade policy was presented by Israeli officials as "economic warfare" intended to "keep the Gazan economy on the brink of collapse" at the "lowest possible level." Roy cites an Israeli Supreme Court's decision approving fuel cuts to Gaza as emblematic of the disabling of Gaza; the court deemed the fuel cuts permissible on the basis that they would not harm the population's "essential humanitarian needs."
2799: 891: 11214:, p. 265: "Refugees. Israel agreed that the refugee problem was a regrettable humanitarian issue, Barak stated, and would recognize the right of the Palestinians to return to their own state, but that "no right of return to Israeli territory would prevail." However, he continued, Israel was prepared to admit several hundred refugees annually for a ten- to fifteen-year period, under a family unification program. In a later interview, Barak made it clear that the "family unification program" was not based on any Palestinian rights: "No Israeli prime minister will accept even one refugee on the basis of the right of return."" 3368: 1664:
into 3–4 parts containing 87–92% of the West Bank after having already given up 78% of historic Palestine. Thus, an Israeli offer of 91 percent of the West Bank (5,538 km of the West Bank translates into only 86 percent from the Palestinian perspective), including Arab parts of East Jerusalem and the entire Gaza Strip, as well as a stipulation that 69 Jewish settlements (which comprise 85% of the West Bank's Jewish settlers) would be ceded to Israel, no right of return to Israel, no sovereignty over the Temple Mount or any core East Jerusalem neighbourhoods, and continued Israel control over the Jordan Valley.
1133:. By the mid-1970s, the international community had converged on a framework to resolve the conflict. This included Israel's full withdrawal from the occupied territories in exchange for recognition by the Palestinians and other Arab nations, and the establishment of an independent Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza and a "just resolution" of the Palestinian refugee question. These principles, known as "land for peace" and Palestinian self-determination through a two-state settlement, were endorsed by the International Court of Justice, the United Nations, and international human rights organizations. 11238:, p. 251: "The Palestinian Position. Since 1948 the official or public position of Arafat, the PLO, Arafat’s successor Mahmoud Abbas, and the Palestinian Authority has been—and, rhetorically at least, still is—that the Palestinian refugees as well as their descendants have the right to return to their lands, homes, and villages. Arafat reiterated that "demand" at Camp David, though he and other Palestinian leaders repeatedly assured the Americans and the Israelis that their real goal was Israeli acceptance only of the "principle" of refugee return, as distinct from implementing that "right" in practice." 2866:, causing widespread psychological trauma and disruption of daily life. As a result of these attacks, Israelis living in southern Israel have had to spend long periods in bomb shelters. The relatively small payload carried on these rockets, Israel's advanced early warning system, American-supplied anti-missile capabilities, and network of shelters made the rockets rarely lethal. In 2014, out of 4,000 rockets fired from the Gaza Strip, only six Israeli civilians were killed. For comparison, the payload carried on these rockets is smaller than Israeli tank shells, of which 49,000 where fired in Gaza in 2014. 5410:, THE POLITICS OF WAR AND AFTEREFFECTS: "On the other hand, the war had given Israel a stinging slap in the face. The 1948, 1956, and 1967 wars had conditioned them to stunning victories over the Arabs and to Arab military (and political) incompetence; 1973 proved to be something else altogether. Many Israelis were now persuaded that the territories could not be held indefinitely by force and that continued occupation would necessarily lead to further bouts of painful warfare. At last, and for the first time since June 1967, most people were willing to contemplate giving up large chunks of land for peace." 3021: 3093: 4766:, p. 348: "After reviewing Zionism and its consequences, I examined the onset of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict during the 1917–47 period, and argued that because the Zionists wanted to ensure a large Jewish majority in the coming state of Israel, their leaders repeatedly discussed the means by which most of the Palestinians could be expelled or induced to flee; the euphemism they employed was "transfer." The scholarship on "transfer"—especially by Israeli historians—leaves no doubt about its importance in the thinking of every major Zionist leader before and after the creation of Israel. 2854:
fixture, altering the status quo. Israel's High Court, however, disagreed with the ICJ's conclusions, stating that they lacked a factual basis. Several human rights organizations, including B'Tselem, Human Rights Watch, and Amnesty International, echoed the ICJ's concerns. They suggested that the wall's route was designed to perpetuate the existence of settlements and facilitate their future annexation into Israel, and that the wall was a means for Israel to consolidate control over land used for illegal settlements. The sophisticated structure of the wall also indicated its likely permanence.
5715:, p. 354: "For just that reason, though, Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Defense Minister Ariel Sharon worried that the growing PLO moderation would increase the pressure on Israel to accept the creation of a Palestinian state. To prevent that, in 1982 they seized upon a pretext to again invade Lebanon and attack the PLO, this time on a far larger scale than in previous conflicts. The attacks resulted in tens of thousands of Lebanese civilian casualties; however, the PLO forces in southern Lebanon, still led by Arafat, who escaped Israeli efforts to kill him, were soon reconstituted." 248: 3211: 1361: 2337:, Israel's Security Cabinet approved a new system governing the blockade that would allow practically all non-military or dual-use items to enter the Gaza Strip. According to a cabinet statement, Israel would "expand the transfer of construction materials designated for projects that have been approved by the Palestinian Authority, including schools, health institutions, water, sanitation and more – as well as (projects) that are under international supervision." Despite the easing of the land blockade, Israel will continue to inspect all goods bound for Gaza by sea at the port of 8478:
and national sentiments attached to the history of the Jewish nation in the land of Israel. This policy has also been justified in terms of security interests, taking into consideration the dangerous geographic circumstances of Israel before 1967 (where Israeli areas on the Mediterranean coast were potentially threatened by Jordanian control of the West Bank ridge). The international community, for its part, has viewed this policy as patently illegal, based on the provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention that prohibit moving populations to or from territories under occupation.
5422:, pp. 287: "The 1973 war was a traumatic event that promoted the disintegration of Israeli politics and culture. The myth of Israeli invincibility was shattered, and while some saw this as a good reason to become more insistent in the search for peace, others turned to God, toughening their positions on peace and territorial compromise. What added to the confusion and the erosion of self-confidence was the high number of deaths, about 3,000, compared with the few hundred in the 1967 war. A general sense of grief fell on the country and affected the government’s prestige." 824: 1798: 1743:, in January 2001. The proposition removed the "temporarily Israeli controlled" areas, and the Palestinian side accepted this as a basis for further negotiation. With Israeli elections looming the talks ended without an agreement but the two sides issued a joint statement attesting to the progress they had made: "The sides declare that they have never been closer to reaching an agreement and it is thus our shared belief that the remaining gaps could be bridged with the resumption of negotiations following the Israeli elections." The following month the 294: 261: 5384:
war, they won psychologically and diplomatically as the world once again focused on the ongoing conflict.156 In 1973, the UN Security Council passed Resolution 338, affirming the land-for-peace framework enshrined in Resolution 242 and setting into motion what was to become known as the Middle East peace process. Palestinian control of the PLO and the rise of guerilla warfare, together with the shift ushered in by the 1973 War, would lay the groundwork for the PLO's political agenda and aggressive legal strategy throughout the decade that followed.
3032:, the Israeli state promised free movement across regions. However, border closures, curfews, and checkpoints has significantly restricted Palestinian movement. In 2012, there were 99 fixed check points and 310 flying checkpoints. The border restrictions impacted the imports and exports in Palestine and weakened the industrial and agricultural sectors because of the constant Israeli control in the West Bank and Gaza. In order for the Palestinian economy to be prosperous, the restrictions on Palestinian land must be removed. According to 1699: 53: 20683: 1672:
violent uprising. This narrative suggested that Arafat was not interested in a two-state solution, but rather aimed to destroy Israel and take over all of Palestine. This view was widely accepted in US and Israeli public opinion. Nearly all scholars and most Israeli and US officials involved in the negotiations have rejected this narrative. These individuals include prominent Israeli negotiators, the IDF chief of staff, the head of the IDF's intelligence bureau, the head of the Shin Bet as well as their advisors.
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land is open for discussion. Palestinians claim any reduction of this claim is a severe deprivation of their rights. In negotiations, they claim that any moves to reduce the boundaries of this land is a hostile move against their key interests. Israel considers this land to be in dispute and feels the purpose of negotiations is to define what the final borders will be. In 2017 Hamas announced that it was ready to support a Palestinian state on the 1967 borders "without recognising Israel or ceding any rights".
12416:"terminate its breaches of international law; it is under an obligation to cease forthwith the works of construction of the wall being built in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem, to dismantle forthwith the structure therein situated." The court also observed that all states had an obligation "not to recognize the illegal situation resulting from the construction of the wall and not to render aid or assistance in maintaining the situation created by such construction." 2757: 3337: 2371: 859:. The suppression of the revolt would leave at least 10% of the adult male population killed, wounded, imprisoned or exiled. In the first wave of organized violence, lasting until early 1937, most of the Arab groups were defeated by the British, and forced expulsion of much of the Arab leadership ensued. With much of the leadership in exile and the economy severely weakened, the Palestinians would struggle to confront the Zionist movement which was growing in strength, with the support of the British. 1565: 12323:: "Far fewer Israelis were killed in Palestinian suicide bombs after the construction of the barrier (130 in 2003 and fewer than 25 in 2005), convincing most Israelis that it saved the lives of fellow Israelis and was necessary for their security. However, the decline in bombings can also be attributed to the permanent presence of Israeli troops inside and around Palestinian cities and increasing security cooperation between the IDF and the PA, particularly after the Second Intifada ended in 2005." 3440:. All numbers refer to casualties of direct conflict between Israelis and Palestinians including in IDF military operations, artillery shelling, search and arrest campaigns, barrier demonstrations, targeted killings, settler violence etc. The figures do not include events indirectly related to the conflict such as casualties from unexploded ordnance, etc., or events when the circumstances remain unclear or are in dispute. The figures include all reported casualties of all ages and both genders. 6795:, Chapter 14: "On the contrary, in August 1996 the PLO honored its commitment to revoke its original charter, which had denied the legitimacy of Israel and called for the armed liberation of all of Palestine. As well, by 1996 the PA and its police forces had become increasingly successful in their efforts to end the terrorism of Hamas and other Islamic extremists, even cooperating with the Israeli forces. As a result, there were now far fewer terrorist attacks than in the preceding few years.." 19169: 20569: 19792: 2104: 2126: 5604:
that the defeat of the Palestinians in Lebanon would trigger a mass exodus of Palestinians to the East Bank of the River Jordan, which in turn would bring about the collapse of the Hashemite dynasty and the Palestinisation of the kingdom in a way that would allow Israel a free hand to assert her rule in Judaea and Samaria. Israel also believed that her victory in Lebanon would create a new political order in that country with an undisputed Christian hegemony.
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included allowing only small packets of margarine to prevent local food production. Gaza's GDP dramatically declined during this period as a result of these measures. Indeed, by April 2010 Israel restricted the entry of commercial items to Gaza to a list of 73 products, compared with 4,000 products which had previously been approved. The result was the virtual collapse of Gaza's private sector, which Roy describes as largely completed after the 2008 Israeli
2749:
isolated events. In his later work, Morris considers the displacement the result of a national conflict initiated by the Arabs themselves. In a 2004 interview with Haaretz, he described the exodus as largely resulting from an atmosphere of transfer that was promoted by Ben-Gurion and understood by the military leadership. He also claimed that there "are circumstances in history that justify ethnic cleansing". He has been criticized by political scientist
25270: 274: 2957:(JWC). Moreover, Israel obligated itself in this agreement to provide water to supplement Palestinian production, and further agreed to allow additional Palestinian drilling in the Eastern Aquifer, also subject to the Joint Water Committee. The water that Israel receives comes mainly from the Jordan River system, the Sea of Galilee and two underground sources. According to a 2003 BBC article the Palestinians lack access to the Jordan River system. 2934: 19608: 11947:
Europe and the uprooted and dispossessed Jews of North Africa and the Arab Middle East... No Israeli statesman, either in 1948 or in 2005, would conceive of peace based on the massive repatriation of Palestinian refugees as an offer the Jewish state could accept and yet survive. The ethos of Zionism was twofold; it was about demography – ingathering the exiles in a viable Jewish state with as small an Arab minority as possible – and land.
25258: 3150: 231: 9380:"Palmer Report Did Not Find Gaza Blockade Legal, Despite Media Headlines|Palmer Report Did Not Find Gaza Blockade Legal, Despite Media Headlines|Palmer Report Did Not Find Gaza Blockade Legal, Despite Media Headlines|Palmer Report Did Not Find Gaza Blockade Legal, Despite Media Headlines|Palmer Report Did Not Find Gaza Blockade Legal, Despite Media Headlines|Palmer Report Did Not Find Gaza Blockade Legal, Despite Media Headlines" 310: 2403:
instead prefer to pursue bilateral negotiation rather than resolving the conflict on the basis of international law. Netanyahu has criticized the Palestinians of purportedly trying to bypass direct talks, whereas Abbas has argued that the continued construction of Israeli-Jewish settlements is "undermining the realistic potential" for the two-state solution. Although Palestine has been denied full member status by the UN
1209:
of settlement and annexation in occupied Palestine. The PLO had observed the latest ceasefire with Israel and shown a preference for negotiations over military operations. As a result, Israel sought to remove the PLO as a potential negotiating partner. Most Palestinian militants were defeated within several weeks, Beirut was captured, and the PLO headquarters were evacuated to Tunisia in June by Yasser Arafat's decision.
1098: 2728:, adopted in 1948, "the refugees wishing to return to their homes and live at peace with their neighbours should be permitted to do so at the earliest practicable date, and that compensation should be paid for the property of those choosing not to return and for loss of or damage to property which, under principles of international law or in equity, should be made good by the Governments or authorities responsible." 2644:. The number of Palestinians who were expelled or fled from Israel was estimated at 711,000 in 1949. The descendants of all refugees (not just Palestinian refugees ) are considered by the UN to also be refugees. As of 2010 there are 4.7 million Palestinian refugees. Between 350,000 and 400,000 Palestinians were displaced during the 1967 Arab–Israeli war. A third of the refugees live in recognized refugee camps in 5458:, The Lebanon War: "The aim of "Operation Litani" was to kill as many guerrillas as possible and to destroy the military infrastructure—camps, munitions dumps, artillery pieces. A secondary aim was to expand, and create continuity between, the existing Christian-held enclaves on the Lebanese side of the border. By March 21, the IDF had taken all of the area south of the Litani (except for Tyre and its environs)." 2254:
prevent Gazans from living in the West Bank. Indeed, Israeli policy treats the Gaza Strip as a "terminus" station, with family reunification between the West Bank and Gaza Strip only possible if the family agrees to permanently relocate to the Gaza Strip. The Israeli officials described the blockade as serving limited security value, instead referring to these restrictions as motivated by "political-security."
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with an emphasis on the negotiation process rather than on presenting a comprehensive solution to the conflict. As part of this process, fundamental issues of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict such as borders, access to resources, and the Palestinian right of return, have been left to "final status" talks. Such "final status" negotiations along the lines discussed in Madrid in 1991 have never taken place.
10639:: "The Israeli government proceeded to annex East Jerusalem. This act violated international law, and the United Nations General Assembly condemned it... Furthermore, Israel confiscated a large swath of land to the east of the city that would, in time, form a barrier of Israeli settlements surrounding the city, thus cutting off the Palestinian population of Jerusalem from its West Bank hinterland.2" 1613:(or Oslo I) was signed and set forward a framework for future Israeli–Palestinian negotiations, in which key issues would be left to "final status" talks. The stipulations of the Oslo agreements ran contrary to the international consensus for resolving the conflict; the agreements did not uphold Palestinian self-determination or statehood and repealed the internationally accepted interpretation of 752:, a public statement issued by the British government in 1917 during the First World War announcing support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine. Weizmann would take on a maximalist interpretation of the declaration, in which negotiations on the future of the country were to happen directly between Britain and the Jews, excluding Arab representation. At the 2565: 2157:. The expansion of settlements often involves the confiscation of Palestinian land and resources, leading to displacement of Palestinian communities and creating a source of tension and conflict. Settlements are often protected by the Israeli military and are frequently flashpoints for violence against Palestinians. Furthermore, the presence of settlements and Jewish-only bypass roads creates a 4714:
said, 'is better than a close enemy.' Transfer was such an ideal solution that 'it must happen someday', he concluded. A strategy of phases, admittedly always vague and anything but an articulate plan of action, could only prevail if a solution could be found to the demographic problem. 'Transfer' was the magic formula. The idea of transfer for the Arabs had a long pedigree in Zionist thought.
2277: 1519:, former deputy mayor of Jerusalem, observed that life became harsher for Palestinians during this period as state violence increased and Palestinian land continued to be expropriated as settlements expanded. Israeli foreign minister Shlomo Ben-Ami described the Oslo Accords as legitimizing "the transformation of the West Bank into what has been called a 'cartographic cheeseboard'." 1172:
promised "full autonomy for the inhabitants," the land was to remain under Israeli control. A peace treaty based on these accords was signed in 1979, leading to Israel's withdrawal from the occupied Egyptian Sinai Peninsula by 1982. However, the specifics of the Palestinian-autonomy accords were disputed among the signatories and other Arab groups, and were never implemented.
756:, he would later famously share his interpretation of the declaration in his announcement of the goal "o make Palestine as Jewish as England is English." Partially in response to the Zionist movement, a Palestinian national movement would develop more concretely in the interwar period. The years that followed would see Jewish-Palestinian relations deteriorate dramatically. 1013: 7148:
where every one of the core issues would be open to negotiation so that a reasonable point of equilibrium between the needs of the parties could be found. The Palestinians saw the negotiations as a step in a journey where they would get their rights as if this were a clear-cut process of decolonization based on "international legitimacy" and "all UN relevant resolutions."
3245:. According to Palestinians, the separated areas make it impossible to create a viable nation and fails to address Palestinian security needs; Israel has expressed no agreement to withdrawal from some Areas B, resulting in no reduction in the division of the Palestinian areas, and the institution of a safe pass system, without Israeli checkpoints, between these parts. 2675:, Palestinians claim the right of refugees to return to the lands, homes and villages where they lived before being driven into exile in 1948 and 1967. Arafat himself repeatedly assured his American and Israeli interlocutors at Camp David that he primarily sought the principle of the right of return to be accepted, rather than the full right of return, in practice. 2919:, the use of this water has been contentious in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Israel withdraws most water from these areas, but it also supplies the West Bank with approximately 40 million cubic metres annually, contributing to 77% of Palestinians' water supply in the West Bank, which is to be shared for a population of about 2.6 million. 1486:
1949 armistice lines prior to June 5, 1967. Following the declaration, Arafat explicitly denounced all forms of terrorism and affirmed the PLO's acceptance of UN Resolutions 242 and 338, as well as the recognition of Israel's right to exist. All the conditions defined by Henry Kissinger for US negotiations with the PLO had now been met.
2509:, is located in the "new city" of West Jerusalem and has been since Israel's founding in 1948. After Israel annexed East Jerusalem in 1967, it assumed complete administrative control of East Jerusalem. Since then, various UN bodies have consistently denounced Israel's control over East Jerusalem as invalid. In 1980, Israel passed the 4752:
1948 extensive secret discussions of transfer were held in the Zionist movement's highest bodies, including the Zionist Agency Executive, the Twentieth Zionist Congress, the World Convention of Ihud Po'alei Tzion (the top forum of the dominant Zionist world labour movement), and various official and semi-official transfer committees.
1244:. The peace process also had significant opposition among radical Islamic elements of Palestinian society, such as Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad, who immediately initiated a campaign of attacks targeting Israelis. Following hundreds of casualties and a wave of radical anti-government propaganda, Israeli Prime Minister 2318:
have described a United Nations commission as ruling that Israel's blockade is "both legal and appropriate." However, Amnesty International has stated that this is "completely false," and that the cited UN report made no such claim. The Israeli Government's continued land, sea and air blockage is tantamount to
2985:
published by the UN News website, stated that: "Of the $ 21.6 million, $ 5.7 will be allocated to UNRWA's 2012 Emergency Appeal for the occupied Palestinian territory, which will support programmes in the West Bank and Gaza aiming to mitigate the effects on refugees of the deteriorating situation they face."
734:
This fear would gradually be replaced by a broader sense of Palestinian national expression which included the rejection of the Zionist goal of turning the mostly Arab populated land into a Jewish homeland. From early on, the leadership of the Zionist movement had the idea of "transferring" (a euphemism for
12415:
Its 2004 decision held that the construction of the wall in the West Bank, as opposed to along the 1949 armistice line, violated the Palestinian right to self-determination, contravened the Fourth Geneva Convention, and could not be justified as a measure of Israeli self-defense. It advised Israel to
11013:
In general, Israeli policy towards holy places can be considered a success with regard to its primary goal: facilitating Israel's acceptance into the international community of nations. However, the repeated failure of the Muslim Affairs Department to fulfill its mandate of protecting the Muslim holy
8477:
The real controversy hovering over all the litigation on the security barrier concerns the fate of the Israeli settlements in the occupied territories. Since 1967, Israel has allowed and even encouraged its citizens to live in the new settlements established in the territories, motivated by religious
5665:
was that "Operation Peace for Galilee"—the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982—was undertaken to protect the civilian population from Palestinian gunners, and that "the rocket and shelling attacks on Israel's northern border" were ended by the operation, though "If rockets again rain down on Israel's
2984:
In late 2012, a donation of $ 21.6 million was announced by the Government of the Netherlands—the Dutch government stated that the funds would be provided to the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), for the specific benefit of Palestinian children. An article,
2884:
Since mid-June 2007, Israel's primary means of dealing with security concerns in the West Bank has been to cooperate with and permit United States-sponsored training, equipping, and funding of the Palestinian Authority's security forces, which with Israeli help have largely succeeded in quelling West
2818:
Israel, along with the United States and the European Union, refer to any use of force by Palestinian groups as terroristic and criminal. This is in contrast to the consensus in international law which allows for Palestinians, as a people under illegal military occupation, to use lethal force against
2775:
to return into a new Palestinian state, Israel insists that the return of this population into the current state of Israel would threaten the stability of the Jewish state; an influx of Palestinian refugees would lead to the end of the state of Israel as a Jewish state since a demographic majority of
2402:
for the state of Palestine at the UN and for recognition on the 1967 borders. This campaign has received widespread support. The UN General Assembly votes every year almost unanimously in favor of a resolution calling for the establishment of a Palestinian state on the 1967 borders. The US and Israel
2325:
In January 2008, the Israeli government calculated how many calories per person were needed to prevent a humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip, and then subtracted eight percent to adjust for the "culture and experience" of the Gazans. Details of the calculations were released following Israeli human
2253:
in Gaza. According to Gisha, travel restrictions from the Gaza Strip are not based on individual security concerns, rather, the general rule is that travel to Israel or the West Bank from Gaza is not permitted other than in "exceptional" cases. Israeli imposed travel restrictions aim in particular to
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The severing of Gaza from the West Bank hinterland reflects a paradigm shift in the framing of the conflict. After Hamas assumed power in 2007, Israel declared Gaza a "hostile territory," preferring to frame its obligations towards Gaza in terms of the law of armed conflict, over what it presented as
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Following the failed summit Palestinian and Israeli negotiators continued to meet in small groups through August and September 2000 to try to bridge the gaps between their respective positions. The United States prepared its own plan to resolve the outstanding issues. Clinton's presentation of the US
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strove to find a peaceful solution through what became known as the Oslo peace process. A crucial milestone in this process was Arafat's letter of recognition of Israel's right to exist. Emblematic of the asymmetry in the Oslo process, Israel was not required to, and did not, recognize the right of a
1493:
stood behind the stance that the PLO was a terrorist organization. He maintained a strict stance against any concessions, including withdrawal from occupied Palestinian territories, recognition of or negotiations with the PLO, and especially the establishment of a Palestinian state. Shamir viewed the
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The PLO's participation in diplomatic negotiations was dependent on its complete disavowal of terrorism and recognition of Israel's "right to exist." This stipulation required the PLO to abandon its objective of reclaiming all of historic Palestine and instead focus on the 22 percent which came under
1208:
In 1982, Israel, having secured its southern border with Egypt, sought to resolve the Palestinian issue by attempting to dismantle the military and political power of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in Lebanon. The goal was to establish a friendly regime in Lebanon and continue its policy
1167:
Following the end of the war, the UN Security Council passed Resolution 338, which confirmed the land-for-peace principle established in Resolution 242, initiating the Middle East peace process. The Arab defeat would play an important role in the PLO's willingness to pursue a negotiated settlement to
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Israeli officials alleged that total Palestinian deaths came to 1,166, of whom at least 60 percent were "terrorists." The discrepancy in the ratio of Palestinian combatant to civilian deaths partly resulted from disagreement on the proper classification of Gazan police. See Shay Fogelman, "Shock and
11946:
A massive repatriation of Palestinian refugees would have clashed irreconcilably with the most vital and fundamental ethos of the new State of Israel, indeed with its very raison d'être, namely the consolidation of a Jewish state through the mass immigration of the survivors of the Nazi Holocaust in
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It can thus clearly be concluded that the transfer of Israeli settlers into the occupied territories violates not only the laws of belligerent occupation but the Palestinian right of self-determination under international law. The question remains, however, whether this is of any practical value. In
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Camp David failed because of the two sides' conflicting interpretations of the terms of reference of the peace process. The Israelis came to the negotiations with the conviction inherent in the letter of the Oslo Accords that this was an open-ended process where no preconceived solutions existed and
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In 1982 the situation acquired a more dangerous dimension. The nationalist government in Israel, having secured its southern frontier by the peace treaty with Egypt, now tried to impose its own solution of the problem of the Palestinians. This involved an attempt to destroy both the military and the
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This was that belt the Israeli government wished to destroy. Its first concerted effort to do so occurred in 1978, when 25,000 Israeli troops invaded Lebanon as far north as the Litani River. The operation failed to dislodge the PLO from its strongholds, although it did cause large-scale demographic
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Currently, freedom of movement and access for Palestinians within the West Bank is the exception rather than the norm contrary to the commitments undertaken in a number of Agreements between GOI and the PA. In particular, both the Oslo Accords and the Road Map were based on the principle that normal
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Under the Oslo Accords, as a security measure, Israel has insisted on its control over all land, sea and air border crossings into the Palestinian territories, and the right to set import and export controls. This is to enable Israel to control the entry into the territories of materials of military
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states that most of Palestine's 700,000 refugees fled because of the "flail of war" and expected to return home shortly after a successful Arab invasion. He documents instances in which Arab leaders advised the evacuation of entire communities as happened in Haifa although recognizes that these were
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Following the Oslo Accords, which was to set up regulative bodies to rein in frictions, Palestinian incitement against Israel, Jews, and Zionism continued, parallel with Israel's pursuance of settlements in the Palestinian territories, though under Abu Mazen it has reportedly dwindled significantly.
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Even in the early years of Israeli imposed closure, the associated increased cost of doing business had a detrimental impact on trade. Goods transferred between the West Bank, Gaza, and Israel were required to be loaded onto Palestinian trucks initially and then off loaded onto Israeli trucks at the
1667:
Arafat rejected this offer, which Palestinian negotiators, Israeli analysts and Israeli Foreign Minister Shlomo Ben-Ami described as "unacceptable". According to the Palestinian negotiators the offer did not remove many of the elements of the Israeli occupation regarding land, security, settlements,
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In July 2000, US President Bill Clinton convened a peace summit between Palestinian President Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak. Barak reportedly put forward the following as "bases for negotiation", via the US to the Palestinian President: a non-militarized Palestinian state split
1532:
described the expectation that the "Palestinians will be better at establishing internal security than we were, because they will allow no appeals to the Sepreme Court and will prevent from criticizing the conditions there." Along these lines, Ben-Ami, who participated in the Camp David 2000 talks,
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Under the heading of "Discrimination", the Committee cited Israel's Law of Return as discriminatory against Palestinian refugees because of Israel's refusal to readmit them. The committee said: "The Committee notes with concern that the Law of Return which permits any Jew from anywhere in the world
8105:
Human Rights Watch, “A Threshold Crossed: Israeli Authorities and the Crimes of Apartheid and Persecution,” April 27, 2021, hrw.org; Amnesty International, “Israel’s Apartheid Against Palestinians: Cruel System of Domination and Crime Against Humanity,” February 1, 2022, amnesty.org; Michael Sfard,
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As a result, the PLO did not attack Israel from mid-I98r to mid-I982.16 But in June 1982 Israel again invaded Lebanon, and it used aerial bombardment to destroy entire camps of Palestine Arab refugees.17 By these means Israel killed 20,000 persons, mostly civilians,18 and while it occupied southern
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Destroying the PLO's infrastructure in Lebanon as well as dismantling the last remaining Palestinian springboard in an Arab country for the military struggle against Israel, was the immediate operational objective of the war. But the architects of the invasion had far wider ambitions. They believed
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In Gaza, the agricultural market suffers from economic boycotts and border closures and restrictions placed by Israel. The PA's Minister of Agriculture estimates that around US$ 1.2 billion were lost in September 2006 because of these security measures. This embargo was brought on by Hamas' refusal
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Palestinian agriculture suffers from numerous problems including Israeli military and civilian attacks on farms and farmers, blockades to exportation of produce and importation of necessary inputs, widespread confiscation of land for nature reserves as well as military and settler use, confiscation
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In Palestine, agriculture is a mainstay in the economy. The production of agricultural goods supports the population's sustenance needs and fuels Palestine's export economy. According to the Council for European Palestinian Relations, the agricultural sector formally employs 13.4% of the population
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of the United Nations, water resources were confiscated for the benefit of the Israeli settlements in the Ghor. Palestinian irrigation pumps on the Jordan River were destroyed or confiscated after the 1967 war and Palestinians were not allowed to use water from the Jordan River system. Furthermore,
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Throughout the conflict, Palestinian violence has been a concern for Israelis. Security concerns have historically been a key driver in Israeli political decision making, often expanding in scope and taking precedence over other considerations such as international law and Palestinian human rights.
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Some Palestinians say they are entitled to all of the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem. Israel says it is justified in not ceding all this land, because of security concerns, and also because the lack of any valid diplomatic agreement at the time means that ownership and boundaries of this
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of the European Union, Russia, the United Nations and the United States on 17 September 2002, was the Road Map for Peace. This plan did not attempt to resolve difficult questions such as the fate of Jerusalem or Israeli settlements, but left that to be negotiated in later phases of the process. The
1508:
The term "peace-process" refers to the step-by-step approach to resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Having originally entered into usage to describe the US mediated negotiations between Israel and surrounding Arab countries, notably Egypt, the term "peace-process" has grown to be associated
1343:
In 2011, a Palestinian Authority attempt to gain UN membership as a fully sovereign state failed. In Hamas-controlled Gaza, sporadic rocket attacks on Israel and Israeli air raids continued to occur. In November 2012, Palestinian representation in the UN was upgraded to a non-member observer state,
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The Israelis came to the negotiations with the conviction inherent in the letter of the Oslo Accords that this was an open-ended process where no preconceived solutions existed and where every one of the core issues would be open to negotiation so that a reasonable point of equilibrium between the
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The 1973 War demonstrated that Arabs could work together when needed and that Israel was not as invincible as it had believed. The war left its scars on Israel, which suffered over 2,500 dead, US$ 4 billion in direct monetary losses, and deflated confidence. Although the Arabs technically lost the
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ruled that the construction of the barrier violated the Palestinian right to self-determination, contravened the Fourth Geneva Convention, and could not be justified as a measure of Israeli self-defense. The ICJ further expressed that the construction of the wall by Israel could become a permanent
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Unilateral strategies and the rhetoric of hardline political factions, coupled with violence, have fostered mutual embitterment and hostility and a loss of faith in the possibility of reaching a peaceful settlement. Since the break down of negotiations, security has played a less important role in
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schools have been found to have encouraged one-sided narrative and even hatred of the other side. Perpetrators of murderous attacks, whether against Israelis or Palestinians, often find strong vocal support from sections of their communities despite varying levels of condemnation from politicians.
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Since 2006, Israel has enforced an official and explicit policy of enforcing "separation" between the West Bank and Gaza Strip. This separation policy has involved strict restrictions on imports, exports and travel to and from the Gaza Strip. This policy began to develop as early as the 1950s, but
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Clinton's plan, eventually presented on 23 December 2000, proposed the establishment of a sovereign Palestinian state in the Gaza Strip and 94–96 percent of the West Bank plus the equivalent of 1–3 percent of the West Bank in land swaps from pre-1967 Israel. On Jerusalem, the plan stated that "the
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failed to reach an agreement at Camp David in July 2000 and later at Taba in 2001. The interim period specified by Oslo had not built confidence between the two parties; Barak had failed to implement additional stages of the interim agreements and settlements expanded by 10% during his short term.
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On October 6, 1973, a coalition of Arab forces consisting of mainly Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack against Israel on the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur. Egyptian and Syria had crossed over the ceasefire lines that were agreed upon prior to 1973. Egypt had in particular tried to reoccupy
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then was put under the authority of the Egyptian military administrator, making it a de facto military occupation. In 1964, however, a new organization, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), was established by Yasser Arafat. It immediately won the support of most Arab League governments and
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recommending the adoption and implementation of a plan to partition Palestine into an Arab state, a Jewish state and the City of Jerusalem. Palestinian Arabs were opposed to the partition. Zionists accepted the partition but planned to expand Israel's borders beyond what was allocated to it by the
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With the commitment to establishing a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine, the creation of the British Mandate in Palestine after the end of the first world war would allow for large-scale Jewish immigration. This would be accompanied by the development of a separate Jewish controlled
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that the landscape of Ottoman Palestine would start to significantly change. Land purchases, the eviction of tenant Arab peasants and armed confrontation with Jewish para-military units would all contribute to the Palestinian population's growing fear of territorial displacement and dispossession.
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In its advisory opinion the ICJ voiced concern that "the construction of the wall and its associated régime create a 'fait accompli' on the ground that could well become permanent."115 Taking note of this ICJ concern, Israel's High Court rejoined that the ICJ lacked a "factual basis" for reaching
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Arab-Jewish tensions stemmed from incidents in and around the Temple Mount (al-haram al-sharif) and provocative actions by Jewish extremists against Arabs. Particularly frustrating from a Palestinian viewpoint were the constant efforts made by the Israeli authorities to settle Jews in purely Arab
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But the abject submission of the Palestinians and the ever deepening system of occupation and discrimination in the territories are Israel's sole and exclusive responsibility. As brilliantly explained by Michael Sfard, this is a system built on three pillars: the gun, the settlements, and the law
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The international community has taken a critical view of both deportations and settlements as being contrary to international law. General Assembly resolutions have condemned the deportations since 1969, and have done so by overwhelming majorities in recent years. Likewise, they have consistently
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Thus the wishful and rather naive belief in Zionism's early years that the Palestinians could be 'spirited across the border', in Herzl's words, or that they would simply 'fold their tents and slip away', to use Zangwill's formulation, soon gave way to more realistic assessments. Between 1937 and
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Probably the most appealing article in there commendation of the Commission was that about the 'forced transfer' of Arabs from the future Jewish state. To Ben-Gurion this was an 'unparalleled achievement'. It was 'the best of all solutions', according to Berl Katznelson. 'A distant neighbour', he
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Three factors made Israel's territorial offer less forthcoming than it initially appeared. First, the 91 percent land offer was based on the Israeli definition of the West Bank, but this differs by approximately 5 percentage points from the Palestinian definition. Palestinians use a total area of
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Numerous foreign nations and international organizations have established bilateral agreements with the Palestinian and Israeli water authorities. It was estimated that a future investment of about US$ 1.1bn for the West Bank and $ 0.8bn for the Gaza Strip Southern Governorates was needed for the
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fired from Palestinian territories into Israel continues to be of great concern for Israeli defense officials. In 2006—the year following Israel's disengagement from the Gaza Strip—the Israeli government claimed to have recorded 1,726 such launches, more than four times the total rockets fired in
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of Israel said that Israel is justified under international law to impose a blockade on an enemy for security reasons as Hamas "turned the territory under its de facto control into a launching pad of mortar and rocket attacks against Israeli towns and villages in southern Israel." Media headlines
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The executive director of the Israeli human rights organization Gisha described Israeli policy towards Gaza between 2007 and 2010 as "explicitly punitive," controlling the entry of food based on calculated calorie needs to limit economic activity and enforce "economic warfare." These restrictions
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formally consecrated this objective. This declaration, which was based on resolutions from the Palestine National Council sessions in the late 1970s and 1980s, advocated for the creation of a Palestinian state comprising the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem, within the borders set by the
847:. Following the death of al-Qassam at the hands of the British in late 1935, tensions erupted in 1936 into the Arab general strike and general boycott. The strike soon deteriorated into violence, and the Arab revolt was bloodily repressed by the British assisted by the British armed forces of the 2945:
While Israel's consumption of this water has decreased since it began its occupation of the West Bank, it still consumes the majority of it: in the 1950s, Israel consumed 95% of the water output of the Western Aquifer, and 82% of that produced by the Northeastern Aquifer. Although this water was
1671:
After the Camp David summit, a narrative emerged, supported by Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and his foreign minister Shlomo Ben-Ami, as well as US officials including Dennis Ross and Madeleine Albright, that Yasser Arafat had rejected a generous peace offer from Israel and instead incited a
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In any case has the Law of Return, 1950 discriminatory effect for Palestinian Arab people since it allows any Jew to immigrate to Israel, while – at the same time – it deprives all native Palestinian Arab refugees residing outside the borders of the state of Israel of their fundamental right to
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The concept of population transfer, as a facile solution to the twin problems of the Arab landless peasants and the creation of land reserves for Jewish settlement was for some time in the back of the minds of the 2ionist leadership. In fact, in private discussions with the British, the Zionist
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that grants citizenship to people of Jewish descent has been described as discriminatory against other ethnic groups, especially Palestinians that cannot apply for such citizenship under the law of return, to the territory which they were expelled from or fled during the course of the 1948 war.
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The core issues of the conflict are borders, the status of settlements in the West Bank, the status of east Jerusalem, the Palestinian refugee right of return, and security. With the PLO's recognition of Israel's right to exist in 1982, the international community with the main exception of the
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describes the Wye as having successfully reduced both violent and non-violent protests, both of which he considers to be "inconsistent with the spirit of Wye." Watson claims that the PA frequently violated its obligations to curb incitement and its record on curbing terrorism and other security
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As reported by the Israeli human rights group B'Tselem, from 29 September 2000 to the year 2010, a total of 7,454 Palestinian and Israeli individuals were killed due to the conflict. According to the report, 1,317 of the 6,371 Palestinians were minors, and at least 2,996 did not participate in
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became a state after the war in 1948, 77% of Palestine's land was used for the creation on the state. The majority of those living in Palestine at the time became refugees in other countries and this first land crisis became the root of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Because the root of the
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The Oslo Accords of 1993 and 1995 built on the incremental framework put in place by the 1978 Camp David negotiations and the 1991 Madrid and Washington talks. The motivation behind the incremental approach towards a settlement was that it would "build confidence", but the eventual outcome was
1136:
The June 1967 war exerted a significant effect upon Palestinian nationalism, as Israel gained military control of the West Bank from Jordan and the Gaza Strip from Egypt. Consequently, the PLO was unable to establish any control on the ground and established its headquarters in Jordan, home to
922:
under British command, fighting Germans in North Africa. The more radical exiled faction of al-Husseini, however, tended to cooperate with Nazi Germany, and participated in the establishment of a pro-Nazi propaganda machine throughout the Arab world. The defeat of Arab nationalists in Iraq and
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The collaboration was solidified and made public during Begin's first term. Begin was impressed by the pleas and the aristocratic manner of the Maronite leaders and several times declared "Israel will not allow genocide in Lebanon." In March 1978, Israeli forces temporarily occupied southern
5348:
During the June 1967 Arab-Israel War, Israel came into military occupation of the Palestinian West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and Gaza Strip. (Israel also occupied the Egyptian Sinai, Syrian Golan Heights, and two islands in the Gulf of Aqaba.) Already by the mid-1970s, the international
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Since its initiation, blockade has had a detrimental impact on the private sector in Gaza, the primary driver of economic growth in Gaza. Prior to the blockade, Gaza imported 95% of its inputs for manufacturing and exported 85% of the finished products (primarily to Israel and the West Bank).
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The Camp David Accords, agreed upon by Israel and Egypt in 1978, primarily aimed to establish a peace treaty between the two countries. The accords also proposed the creation of a "Self-Governing Authority" for the Arab population in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, excluding Jerusalem. While it
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Many countries do not recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital, with exceptions being the United States, and Russia. The majority of UN member states and most international organisations do not recognise Israel's claims to East Jerusalem which occurred after the 1967 Six-Day War, nor its 1980
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Although closure has a long history in Gaza dating back to 1991 when it was first imposed, it was made more acute after 2000 with the start of the second intifada. Closure was tightened further after the 2005 disengagement and then again in 2006, after Hamas’s electoral victory. Heightened
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Makdisi rightly argues that almost every law of South African Apartheid has its equivalent in Israel today.18 A significant example is the Law of Return (1950), which even Kretzmer claims is explicitly discriminatory against Palestinian citizens.... The Law of Return, which determines the
1201:. This operation sought to dislodge the PLO from Lebanon while expanding the area under the control of the Israeli allied Christian militias in southern Lebanon. The operation succeeded in leaving a large portion of the south in control of the Israeli proxy which would eventually form the 2599:. During the Second Intifada Palestinian protesters looted and burned the site. Israeli security agencies routinely monitor and arrest Jewish extremists that plan attacks, though many serious incidents have still occurred. Israel has allowed almost complete autonomy to the Muslim trust ( 11684:
to immigrate and thereby virtually automatically enjoy residence and obtain citizenship in Israel, discriminates against Palestinians in the Diaspora upon whom the Government of Israel has imposed restrictive requirements that make it almost impossible to return to their land of birth."
6315: 4941:. This was the backdrop to his agitation concerning Jewish rights at the Western (Wailing) Wall that led to the bloody riots of August 1929...e was the chief organizer of the riots of 1936 and the rebellion from 1937, as well as of the mounting internal terror against Arab opponents. 3233:). Israel has built additional highways to allow Israelis to traverse the area without entering Palestinian cities in Area A. The initial areas under Palestinian Authority control are diverse and non-contiguous. The areas have changed over time by subsequent negotiations, including 2293:
during October 7, 2023, was part of that same policy of separation and closure, characterized by the destruction of Gaza's infrastructure (especially housing) and the denial of food, water, electricity, and fuel to its population. On 9 October 2023, Israel declared war on Hamas and
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instead a dramatic decline in mutual confidence. At each incremental stage, Israel further entrenched its occupation of the Palestinian territories, despite the PA upholding its obligation to curbing violent attacks from extremist groups, in part by cooperating with Israeli forces.
3488:. The UN Mine Action Centre identified the main risks as coming from "ERW left behind by Israeli aerial and artillery weapon systems, or from militant caches targeted by the Israeli forces." There are at least 15 confirmed minefields in the West Bank on the border with Jordan. The 2446:
Israeli concerns, trailing behind employment, corruption, housing and other pressing issues.Israeli policy had reoriented to focus on managing the conflict and the associated occupation of Palestinian territory, rather than reaching a negotiated solution. The expansion of
8106:
The Israeli Occupation of the West Bank and the Crime of Apartheid: Legal Opinion (Yesh Din, June 2022), yesh-din.org; B’Tselem, “A Regime of Jewish Supremacy from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea: This Is Apartheid,” position paper, January 12, 2021, btselem.org
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Core to the Oslo Accords was the creation of the Palestinian Authority and the security cooperation it would enter into with the Israeli military authorities in what has been described as the "outsourcing" of the occupation to the PA. Just before signing the Oslo accord,
2165:. Amnesty International reports that Israeli settlements divert resources needed by Palestinian towns, such as arable land, water, and other resources; and, that settlements reduce Palestinians' ability to travel freely via local roads, owing to security considerations. 1223:
The first Palestinian uprising began in 1987 as a response to escalating attacks and the endless occupation. By the early 1990s, international efforts to settle the conflict had begun, in light of the success of the Egyptian–Israeli peace treaty of 1982. Eventually, the
4922:, Introduction: "Additionally, a separate Jewish-controlled sector of the economy was created through the exclusion of Arab labor from Jewish-owned firms under the slogan of “Avoda ivrit,” Hebrew labor, and the injection of truly massive amounts of capital from abroad." 1829:. The conference ended with the issuing of a joint statement from all parties. After the Annapolis Conference, the negotiations were continued. Both Mahmoud Abbas and Ehud Olmert presented each other with competing peace proposals. Ultimately no agreement was reached. 11103: 8803: 3483:
reported that more than 2,500 mine and explosive remnants of war casualties occurred between 1967 and 1998, at least 794 casualties (127 killed, 654 injured and 13 unknown) occurred between 1999 and 2008 and that 12 people had been killed and 27 injured since the
3229:, signed with the PLO, under which it acquired control over cities in the Palestinian territories (Area A) while the surrounding countryside came either under Israeli security and Palestinian civil administration (Area B) or complete Israeli civil administration ( 1862:(2002). The peace initiative is a proposed solution to the Arab–Israeli conflict as a whole, and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in particular. The initiative was initially published on 28 March 2002, at the Beirut Summit, and agreed upon again in 2007 in the 1339:
upon Gaza, resulting in thousands of civilian casualties and billions of dollars in damage. By February 2009, a ceasefire was signed with international mediation between the parties, though the occupation and small and sporadic eruptions of violence continued.
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and informally employs 90% of the population. Over the past 10 years, unemployment rates in Palestine have increased and the agricultural sector became the most impoverished sector in Palestine. Unemployment rates peaked in 2008 when they reached 41% in Gaza.
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Both parties to the conflict have been criticized by third-parties for teaching incitement to their children by downplaying each side's historical ties to the area, teaching propagandist maps, or indoctrinate their children to one day join the armed forces.
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No tenable solution was crafted which would satisfy both Israeli and Palestinian demands, even under intense US pressure. Clinton has long blamed Arafat for the collapse of the summit. In the months following the summit, Clinton appointed former US Senator
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needs of the parties could be found. The Palestinians saw the negotiations as a step in a journey where they would get their rights as if this were a clear-cut process of decolonization based on 'international legitimacy' and 'all UN relevant resolutions.'
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Salom Now! and METalks are two experimental initiatives which sought to rewrite the script of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. However, such popular, grassroots action is held hostage by some common enemies: despair, hatred, antipathy and distrust. (Jan
9017:: "But complete control over the West Bank-the obvious goal of the settlement enterprise and the separation barrier-cannot be achieved as long as Gaza remains a source of resistance and as along as the possiblity of a unified Palestinian state exists." 8086: 2517:
Jerusalem Law proclamation. The International Court of Justice in its 2004 Advisory opinion on the "Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory" described East Jerusalem as "occupied Palestinian territory".
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The Israeli debate over the occupied territories is, then, not just an ideological divide between right and left; it is also overwhelmingly influenced by the all-encompassing "security network" that injects a security rationale into every political
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described this process: "One of the meanings of Oslo was that the PLO was eventually Israel’s collaborator in the task of stifling the Intifada and cutting short what was clearly an authentically democratic struggle for Palestinian independence."
994:– strengthened by numerous Jewish veterans of World War II and foreign volunteers. By spring 1948, it was already clear that the Arab forces were nearing a total collapse, while Yishuv forces gained more and more territory, creating a large scale 712:
The Israeli–Palestinian conflict began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the development of political Zionism and the arrival of Zionist settlers to Palestine. The modern political Zionist movement, with the goal of establishing a
1617:
that land cannot be acquired by war. With respect to access to land and resources, Noam Chomsky described the Oslo agreements as allowing "Israel to do virtually what it likes." The Oslo process was delicate and progressed in fits and starts.
1323:
unless Hamas agreed to accept prior Israeli–Palestinian agreements, forswear violence, and recognize Israel's right to exist, all of which Hamas rejected. After internal Palestinian political struggle between Fatah and Hamas erupted into the
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other words, given the view of the international community that the Israeli settlements are illegal under the law if belligerent occupation, what purpose does it serve to establish that an additional breach of international law has occurred?
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spoke with Palestinian security officers while touring malls and soccer fields in the West Bank. Mizrahi gave permission to allow Israeli tour guides into Bethlehem, a move intended to "contribute to the Palestinian and Israeli economies."
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starting in the 1920s and believed in the separation of Jewish and Arab economies and societies. During this period, the exclusionary nationalist ethos would grow to overpower the socialist ideals that the Second Aliyah had arrived with.
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Lebanon, in an attempt to neutralize Palestinian guerilla groups and enlarge the territory controlled by Major Haddad, in an undertaking called Operation Litani (the river that more or less marked the boundary of the Israeli influence).
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U.S. decision to engage in dialogue with the PLO as a mistake that threatened the existing territorial status quo. He argued that negotiating with the PLO meant accepting the existence of a Palestinian state and hence was unacceptable.
8238: 23542: 3287:, the Israeli military removed over 120 check points in 2010 and planned on disengaging from major Palestinian population areas. According to the IDF, terrorist activity in the West Bank decreased by 97% compared to violence in 2002. 2965:
the authorities did not allow any new irrigation wells to be drilled by Palestinian farmers, while it provided fresh water and allowed drilling wells for irrigation purposes at the Jewish settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
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in the West Bank has led the majority of Palestinians to believe that Israel is not committed to reaching an agreement, but rather to a pursuit of establishing permanent control over this territory in order to provide that security.
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5,854 square kilometers. Israel, however, omits the area known as No Man's Land (50 km near Latrun), post-1967 East Jerusalem (71 km), and the territorial waters of the Dead Sea (195 km), which reduces the total to 5,538 km
2341:. Despite these announcements, the economic situation did not substantially change and the virtual complete ban on exports remained in place. Only some consumer products and material for donor-sponsored projects was allowed in. 1164:
much of the area surrounding the Suez Canal, whilst the frontline with Syria was mainly situated around the north in the Golan Heights. The war concluded with an Israeli victory, with both sides suffering tremendous casualties.
2006:
nicknamed the "Apartheid law." Adalah described the Nation-State law as "constitutionally enshrining Jewish supremacy and the identity of the State of Israel as the nation-state of the Jewish people." The Nation-State law is a
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following scores of suicide bombings and terrorist attacks in July 2003. Israel's coalition government approved the security barrier in the northern part of the green line between Israel and the West Bank. According to the
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affirms the necessity for "achieving a just settlement of the refugee problem"; however, Resolution 242 does not specify that the "just settlement" must or should be in the form of a literal Palestinian right of return.
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Pertile, Marco (2005). "'Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory': A Missed Opportunity for International Humanitarian Law?". In Conforti, Benedetto; Bravo, Luigi (eds.).
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Fighting among rival Palestinian and Arab movements has played a crucial role in shaping Israel's security policy towards Palestinian militants, as well as in the Palestinian leadership's own policies. As early as the
913:
The renewed violence, which continued sporadically until the beginning of World War II, ended with around 5,000 causualties on the Arab side and 700 combined on the British and Jewish side total. With the eruption of
477:
in 1882. The local Arab population increasingly began to oppose Zionism, primarily out of fear of territorial displacement and dispossession. The Zionist movement garnered the support of an imperial power in the 1917
1032:. The overall fighting, leading to around 15,000 casualties, resulted in cease-fire and armistice agreements of 1949, with Israel holding much of the former Mandate territory, Jordan occupying and later annexing the 918:, the situation in Mandatory Palestine calmed down. It allowed a shift towards a more moderate stance among Palestinian Arabs under the leadership of the Nashashibi clan and even the establishment of the Jewish–Arab 22561: 5534:
disruptions in southern Lebanon as thousands of villagers, mainly Shi'as, fled their homelands for the area of Beirut. Pressure from the United States and the UN eventually compelled Israel to withdraw its troops.
1960: 652: 7900: 2953:, both sides agreed to maintain "existing quantities of utilization from the resources." In so doing, the Palestinian Authority established the legality of Israeli water production in the West Bank, subject to a 24270: 10101: 1306:
continue to consider Israel to be the occupying power of the Gaza Strip as Israel controls Gaza Strip's airspace, territorial waters and controls the movement of people or goods in or out of Gaza by air or sea.
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agreed on by the PA and Israel introduced a "zero tolerance" policy for "terror and violence." This policy was uniformly criticised by human rights organizations for its "encouragement" of human rights abuses.
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I was the Minister of Justice. I am a lawyer," Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni told her Palestinian interlocutors during a critical round of the peace process in 2007, "but I am against law—international law in
8083: 2176:, obtaining broad authority over civilian issues in the West Bank. In the first six months of 2023, 13,000 housing units were built in settlements, which is almost three times more than in the whole of 2022. 22512: 6156: 12920: 16076: 2330:'s application to the high court. Israel's Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories, who drafted the plan, stated that the scheme was never formally adopted, this was not accepted by Gisha. 23384: 1794:
proposal never made it beyond the first phase, whose goals called for a halt to both Israeli settlement construction and Israeli–Palestinian violence. Neither goal has been achieved as of November 2015.
6445: 7615: 24334: 23147: 4275: 4033:"Confirmed figures reveal the true extent of the destruction inflicted upon the Gaza Strip; Israel's offensive resulted in 1,417 dead, including 926 civilians, 255 police officers, and 236 fighters" 17187: 13735:
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. December 2007. PDF. Tables on pages 5 and 7, all numbers refer to casualties of the direct conflict as defined therein (page 23).
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from 1987 until 2000, 1,551 Palestinians and 421 Israelis lost their lives. According to the database of the UNOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory (
1320: 13606: 10070: 5799: 2664:. The remainder live in and around the cities and towns of these host countries. Most Palestinian refugees were born outside Israel and are not allowed to live in any part of historic Palestine. 2606:
Palestinians have voiced concerns regarding the welfare of Christian and Muslim holy places under Israeli control. Additionally, some Palestinian advocates have made statements alleging that the
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UN. On the next day, Palestine was swept by violence. For four months, under continuous Arab provocation and attack, the Yishuv was usually on the defensive while occasionally retaliating. The
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was strongly criticized for its treatment of alleged collaborators, rights groups complaining that those labeled collaborators were denied fair trials. According to a report released by the
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During the late 1960s, groups affiliated with the PLO became increasingly infamous for its use of international terror. In 1969 alone, these groups were responsible for hijacking 82 planes.
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The Israeli proposal of the exchange of territories at the Annapolis conference, according to The Economic Cooperation Foundation think-tank (blue to Israel, green to the Palestinian state)
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The Palestinian Authority has petitioned the Israeli military to allow Jewish tourists to visit West Bank cities as "part of an effort" to improve the Palestinian economy. Israeli general
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in 1970. The PLO defeat by the Jordanians caused most of the Palestinian militants to relocate to South Lebanon, where they soon took over large areas, creating the so-called "Fatahland".
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In places the barrier separated farmers from their lands, even children from their schools, while preventing Palestinians from travelling within the West Bank or seeking work in Israel.
8743: 1451: 20535: 2536:—hold Jerusalem as an important setting for their religious and historical narratives. Jerusalem is the holiest city in Judaism, being the former location of the Jewish temples on the 23044: 12497: 6335: 6267: 3659: 3456:(ICT) claimed that Israeli and Palestinian human rights groups overestimated the percentage of civilians killed since the IDF suspected many of those killed to be possible militants. 62: 8713: 8683: 23575: 16340: 3284: 2310:
border even for distances of 50-100 miles. These increased costs include the costs for security checks, clearance, storage, and spoilage, as well as increased transportation costs.
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peaked in the early 1970s, as Lebanon was used as a base to launch attacks on northern Israel and airplane hijacking campaigns worldwide, which drew Israeli retaliation. During the
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the establishment of the Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory has been considered illegal by the international community and by the majority of legal scholars.
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subsequent relocation of al-Husseini to Nazi-occupied Europe tied his hands regarding field operations in Palestine, though he regularly demanded that the Italians and the Germans
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Israelis did not have unrestricted access to the holy places in East Jerusalem during the period of Jordanian occupation. Since 1975, Israel has banned Muslims from worshiping at
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rejected the initiative as a "non-starter" because it required Israel to withdraw to pre-June 1967 borders. After the renewed Arab League endorsement in 2007, then-Prime Minister
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drawn entirely on Israel's own side of the pre-1967 border, the sources of the water are nevertheless from the shared groundwater basins located under both West Bank and Israel.
23582: 22436: 11252: 8773: 6039: 1878:, to recognize "an independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital" in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, as well as a "just solution" for the Palestinian refugees. 13369: 8127: 6007: 5977: 5840: 23273: 22441: 22149: 8269: 6240: 6188: 2785: 2732:"reaffirms also the inalienable right of the Palestinians to return to their homes and property from which they have been displaced and uprooted, and calls for their return". 878:, accepted the recommendations on the basis that it would allow for further expansion, but some secondary Zionist leaders disapproved of it. The subsequent publication of the 12143: 4160:
https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-02-27/ty-article-magazine/.premium/what-makes-the-plight-of-israels-displaced-citizens-different/0000018d-ea95-d1e0-a1dd-fbf529ed0000
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with the stated goal of destroying Hamas and controlling security in Gaza afterwards. Israel killed tens of thousands of Palestinians, including civilians and combatants and
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defeated Ehud Barak in the Israeli elections and was elected as Israeli prime minister on 7 February 2001. Sharon's new government chose not to resume the high-level talks.
11126:"General Progress Report and Supplementary Report of the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, Covering the Period from 11 December 1949 to 23 October 1950" 9555: 4305: 23344: 23281: 23238: 22366: 22005: 17816: 9810: 8327: 4937:
He incited and headed anti-Jewish riots in April 1920. ... He promoted the Muslim character of Jerusalem and ... injected a religious character into the struggle against
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As of 2023, there were about 500,000 Israeli settlers living in the West Bank, with another 200,000 living in East Jerusalem. In February 2023, Israel's Finance Minister
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on 14 May 1948, the Arab League decided to intervene on behalf of Palestinian Arabs, marching their forces into former British Palestine, beginning the main phase of the
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neighborhoods by purchasing Arab or church property, or to appropriate inhabited Arab property by legal means on the grounds that it had been originally owned by Jews
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I myself am on record as having said, "If I were a Palestinian, I would have rejected what was offered at the Camp David Summit." This book stands by this assertion.
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The international community, with the exception of the US and Israel, has been in consensus since the 1980s regarding a settlement of the conflict on the basis of a
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Anat el-Hashahar, an Israeli and founder of METalks, debates the Arab–Israeli conflict – from Oslo to Lebanon – with Khaled Diab, an Egyptian journalist and writer.
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return to their homes and villages from which they were expelled or took flight in the course of the 1948 war that broke out because of the establishment of Israel.
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Israel has since 1948 prevented the return of Palestinian refugees and refused any settlement permitting their return except in limited cases. On the basis of the
2011:, meaning that it has "quasi-constitutional status," and states that the right to exercise national self-determination in Israel is "unique to the Jewish people". 1466: 146: 9919: 9840: 9744: 8928: 5737: 5310:, p. 101, "... mainstream Zionist leaders, from the first, began to think of expanding the Jewish state beyond the 29 November partition resolution borders." 5298:
fair for almost half of the Palestinian population—the indigenous majority on its own ancestral soil—to be converted overnight into a minority under alien rule.'"
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Palestinian and international authors have justified the right of return of the Palestinian refugees on several grounds: Several scholars included in the broader
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stated that Israeli forces employed reckless violence in the West Bank, and in some instances appeared to engage in wilful killings which would be tantamount to
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the idea of transfer was "inevitable and inbuilt into Zionism". The Arab population felt this threat as early as the 1880s with the arrival of the first aliyah.
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with a further 1,900,000 Palestinians displaced within Gaza and 135,000 Israeli evacuees. Up to 186,000 Palestinians dead due to indirect and direct causes per
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Evidently, the indigenous population also has a "security problem"; in fact, the Palestinians have already suffered the catastrophe that Israelis justly fear.
10255: 9467: 9168: 6435: 1070:, which was later restored with Israeli withdrawal. The All-Palestine Government was completely abandoned by Egypt in 1959 and was officially merged into the 23206: 22973: 22898: 22408: 21242: 19651: 19596: 18992: 15418: 7778: 7605: 1818: 1408: 1252:
who objected to the peace initiative. This struck a serious blow to the peace process, from which the newly elected government of Israel in 1996 backed off.
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Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel said that returning Palestinians might be a fifth column and a demographic threat to Israel as a Jewish state.
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The occupation of the West Bank, Gaza, East Jerusalem and the continued expansion of settlements in those areas have been justified on security grounds.
23506: 23496: 23423: 23379: 23314: 23211: 23198: 22893: 22234: 21251: 20565: 20416: 20332: 19540: 18593: 17964: 17350: 17107: 15514: 13596: 7858: 3558: 3253: 2361: 10060: 9499: 8260:'Legal Consequences Arising from the Policies and practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Including East Jerusalem:Advisory Opinion,' 5789: 1874:. It offered full normalization of relations with Israel, in exchange for the withdrawal of its forces from all the occupied territories, including the 24985: 23428: 23416: 23125: 22244: 17216: 10973: 9987: 68: 11831: 6500: 2424:
Charges of incitement have been reciprocal, both sides interpreting media statements in the Palestinian and Israeli press as constituting incitement.
19262: 18973: 18807: 18801: 16639: 16268: 16256: 15807: 13035: 12814: 12638: 8527: 6210: 4087:"2021 was the deadliest year since 2014, Israel killed 319 Palestinians in oPt 5-year record in house demolitions: 895 Palestinians lost their homes" 4086: 3171: 2425: 1294:. Israel and its Supreme Court formally declared an end to occupation, saying it "had no effective control over what occurred" in Gaza. However, the 12996: 9397: 882:, which sought to limit Jewish immigration to the region, was the breaking point in relations between British authorities and the Zionist movement. 738:) the Arab Palestinian population out of the land for the purpose of establishing a Jewish demographic majority. According to the Israeli historian 24131: 23066: 22888: 22573: 22556: 22517: 21476: 19396: 17809: 17528: 17221: 16397: 15288: 14834: 14829: 10008: 6409: 6061: 4134: 3538: 3507: 3387: 2994: 2869:
There is significant debate within Israel about how to deal with the country's security concerns. Options have included military action (including
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In Israel, Palestinian suicide bombers have targeted civilian buses, restaurants, shopping malls, hotels and marketplaces. From 1993 to 2003, 303
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determined that the Palestinian territories constitute one political unit and that Israel's occupation since 1967, and the subsequent creation of
23521: 23516: 23511: 23501: 23394: 23258: 23184: 22966: 18789: 18779: 18761: 18755: 18751: 17374: 16404: 14272: 13333: 8826: 5237: 4426: 3522: 3390:, 13,000 Israelis and Palestinians were killed in the conflict between 1948-97. Other estimates give 14,500 killed between 1948-2009. During the 2729: 672: 19574: 9190: 4112: 3301:, Israel has banned Jewish Israelis from entering Palestinian cities. However, Israeli Arabs are allowed to enter West Bank cities on weekends. 2146: 23560: 23169: 23093: 22718: 22249: 21970: 21787: 21722: 21624: 20991: 20383: 19501: 18638: 18632: 18626: 18613: 18603: 18597: 18587: 18583: 18577: 18551: 17280: 17129: 16326: 16311: 16305: 16155: 15371: 14701: 12012: 7459: 2733: 2725: 2302:
declared, "There will be no electricity, no food, no fuel, everything is closed. We are fighting human animals and we are acting accordingly."
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erupted demanding independence and an end to British support for Zionism, which was suppressed by the British. Eventually tensions led to the
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Palestinian refugees are people who lost both their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab–Israeli conflict and the 1967
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International Law and the Arab-Israel Conflict: Extracts from "Israel and Palestine Assault on the Law of Nations" by Professor Julius Stone
6327: 4032: 3113:, Arab forces fought each other while also skirmishing with Zionist and British forces, and internal conflicts continue to the present day. 23453: 23319: 23307: 23302: 23005: 22466: 22303: 21292: 20945: 18996: 18897: 18867: 17231: 17037: 16644: 14455:– a web documentary produced by arte.tv, in which daily video-chronicles (2 min. each) show the life of 5 people (men, women, children) in 13280: 12694: 8705: 8675: 7955: 7638: 2877:
of terrorist operatives), diplomacy, unilateral gestures toward peace, and increased security measures such as checkpoints, roadblocks and
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and called for an immediate ceasefire. The Court issued an order requiring Israel to take all measures to prevent any acts contrary to the
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the conflict. Additionally, many Israelis began to believe that the area under Israeli occupation could not be held indefinitely by force.
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In the early 1930s, the Arab national struggle in Palestine had drawn many Arab nationalist militants from across the Middle East, such as
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and made official its policy of isolating it from the West Bank. Since then, Israel has framed its relationship with Gaza in terms of the
23458: 23438: 23179: 23083: 23071: 23061: 23054: 21745: 21441: 20573: 19876: 19520: 19091: 18534: 18528: 17802: 16579: 16379: 16299: 11083: 6468: 4059:"Report of the detailed findings of the independent commission of inquiry established pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution S-21/1" 3588: 3568: 1681: 958: 948: 523: 14466: 13807: 10699: 9711: 8888: 7746: 7518: 6988:, pp. 211–236: "The Palestinian side has repeatedly run afoul of its obligation to refrain from incitement and hostile propaganda." 4542: 1963:. As of 2022, all the major Israeli and international human rights organizations were in agreement that Israeli actions constituted the 623:. In recent years, public support for a two-state solution has decreased, with Israeli policy reflecting an interest in maintaining the 24970: 24398: 24323: 23243: 23130: 23120: 22908: 22268: 21872: 20494: 20482: 18859: 18849: 16977: 16698: 10754: 10287: 9777: 9532: 7829: 4979: 4897: 3578: 2235: 1918: 13704: 12726: 11248: 11036: 10607: 8765: 7932: 6029: 1936:
expressed tentative support for the Initiative, but in 2018, he rejected it as a basis for future negotiations with the Palestinians.
1129:, Israel occupied the Palestinian West Bank, East Jerusalem, Gaza Strip, Egyptian Sinai, Syrian Golan Heights, and two islands in the 25290: 24965: 22386: 21407: 20105: 19589: 19335: 19190: 18270: 18113: 16100: 14694: 14628: 13359: 11874: 8960: 8117: 5999: 5969: 5822: 5767: 3275:
to recognize Israel's right to statehood. As a result, the PA's 160,000 employees have not received their salaries in over one year.
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leadership put forward population transfer as a tentative suggestion but stopped short of formulating it into a proposal for action.
25095: 25025: 24990: 23216: 21246: 20845: 20489: 18854: 18408: 18288: 17825: 16467: 15966: 15940: 15365: 8285: 7997: 3543: 3512: 2898: 2211: 2032: 1396: 936: 13455: 13105: 10223: 8554: 7551: 7225: 24955: 23411: 23098: 22527: 22502: 22471: 22288: 22261: 21938: 21604: 21285: 18890: 17914: 17343: 17241: 17175: 16424: 15481: 14635: 14491:—An overview of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians from 1948 through the present day. From the History Guy Website. 9800: 9563: 4316: 2295: 2286: 1482: 1186: 690: 491: 13337: 12792: 12593: 12561: 12529: 12261: 10813: 8317: 5760:"Israel/Occupied Palestinian Territories: The conflict in Gaza: A briefing on applicable law, investigations and accountability" 2595:, a shrine considered sacred by both Jews and Muslims. Settlers established a yeshiva, installed a Torah scroll and covered the 24467: 23618: 23349: 23159: 22939: 22293: 22278: 21614: 21397: 21256: 21206: 21136: 21066: 19661: 18071: 17182: 16726: 15742: 15688: 15359: 3265: 3110: 1287: 954: 844: 828: 818: 765:
sector of the economy which was supported with large amounts of capital from abroad. The more ardent Zionist ideologues of the
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and the capital of the ancient Israelite kingdom. For Muslims, Jerusalem is the third holiest site, being the location of the
1193:, Palestinian militants continued to launch attacks against Israel while also battling opponents within Lebanon. In 1978, the 708:
as a crocodile, protected by a British officer, telling Palestinian Arabs: "Don't be afraid! I will swallow you peacefully..."
25335: 22541: 22356: 21887: 20752: 20507: 20502: 20352: 20327: 19981: 19255: 19114: 18338: 18322: 18218: 16524: 16071: 15998: 15988: 15930: 14397: 14376: 14357: 14336: 14290: 14262: 14234: 14206: 14184: 14163: 14135: 14107: 14028: 14000: 13972: 13944: 13916: 13840: 13391: 12440: 12408: 12348: 12235: 12204: 12100: 12052: 11974: 11939: 11908: 11812: 11750: 11676: 11643: 11610: 11530: 11496: 11438: 11406: 11368: 11097: 10931: 10677: 10587: 10554: 10529: 10490: 10458: 10422: 10382: 10351: 10318: 10134: 9676: 8653: 8626: 8595: 8499: 8431: 8214: 7327: 7140: 7106: 7072: 7033: 6970: 6909: 6864: 6837: 6762: 6679: 6639: 6357: 6289: 5884: 5693: 5658: 5596: 5561: 5526: 5483: 5376: 5341: 5221: 5082: 5048: 4876: 4827: 4787: 4744: 4706: 4663: 4536: 4486: 4386: 4370: 4113:"Israel military says 2 civilians killed for every Hamas militant is a 'tremendously positive' ratio given combat challenges" 3949: 3811: 3742: 3218: 2741: 2668: 2077:
and exploitation of natural resources, are illegal under international law. The court also ruled that Israel should pay full
1906: 1503: 1435: 1316: 1225: 1075: 1033: 554: 538: 204: 162: 116: 24593: 13175:"Mystery surrounds 'suicide' of Abu Nidal, once a ruthless killer and face of terror – Middle East, World – The Independent" 11618:
second-class citizenship of Palestinians, is recognized as a fundamental principle in Israel and "is possibly even its very
10180: 5088: 25365: 25315: 24633: 23907: 23329: 21990: 21904: 21842: 21675: 21629: 21599: 21584: 21402: 21011: 20915: 20652: 20592: 20514: 20246: 19582: 19330: 19002: 18182: 17114: 17012: 16917: 16558: 15725: 13306: 13142: 12167: 9354: 9300: 7416: 6302: 5172: 3654: 3598: 3489: 2495: 1644: 1279: 13642: 13487: 12756: 12695:"Till the Last Drop: The Palestinian Water Crisis in the West Bank, Hydrogeology and Hydropolitics of a Regional Conflict" 7705:"Saudi Prince al-Faisal tells Haaretz: Desire for peace exists both in Gaza and Ramallah – Israel Conference on Peace TLV" 7573: 6123: 5901: 1684:
with the dismantlement of existing Israeli settlements and Palestinian crackdown on militant activity being one strategy.
1383:, which led to greater political strife in Israel and clashes in the Palestinian territories. This culminated in the 2023 25350: 25005: 24950: 23039: 23031: 22730: 22708: 22628: 22583: 22133: 21995: 21702: 21619: 21419: 21157: 21126: 21081: 20920: 20905: 20890: 20778: 20727: 20519: 20426: 20301: 20161: 19140: 19095: 18968: 18935: 18401: 18262: 18135: 17308: 17136: 16654: 16574: 16504: 16460: 16236: 15861: 14545: 14497:– A non-profit news agency which provides credible, unbiased content, background and context from across the Middle East. 13206: 3583: 3382:). Of the Palestinian deaths 5,360 were in Gaza, 1,007 in the West Bank, 37 in Israel. Most were civilians on both sides. 2793: 2701: 2285:
restrictions were imposed on imports and exports as well as on the movement of people, including Gaza’s labor force. The
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signed in September 2020, fearing the moves weaken the Arab Peace Initiative, regarding the UAE's move as "a betrayal."
25355: 25300: 24945: 22326: 22190: 21963: 21892: 21589: 21574: 21456: 21071: 21061: 20875: 20870: 20793: 20788: 19871: 18522: 18446: 18314: 18278: 17674: 17588: 17336: 16912: 16748: 16519: 15984: 15962: 14859: 14315: 14174: 13871: 11000: 9832: 9734: 8918: 7684: 7482:"Excerpts: State Dept; Spokesman on Mideast Peace Prospects (Both sides accept Clinton's parameters with reservations)" 5729: 4241: 4196: 3480: 3269: 2672: 2154: 2078: 14047: 13777: 13519: 12295: 10721: 9421: 8259: 7485: 3004:
conflict is with land, the disputes between Israel and Palestine are well-manifested in the agriculture of Palestine.
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Water as a human right: The understanding of water in the Arab countries of the Middle East – A four country analysis
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Breger, Marshall J.; Reiter, Yitzhak; Hammer, Leonard (2010). "Regulation of holy places in the West Bank and Gaza".
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fighting at the time of death. Palestinians killed 1,083 Israelis, including 741 civilians, of whom 124 were minors.
3394:, Israel killed an estimated 20,000 Palestinians and Lebanese, not including the 800-3500 Palestinians killed in the 3291: 3197: 3121: 2961: 2327: 1601: 806: 619:. The US and Israel have instead preferred bilateral negotiations rather than resolving the conflict on the basis of 265: 14602: 13745: 10245: 9453: 9222: 6654:
Yehuda Lukacs, ed., The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: A documentary record, 1967–1990 (Cambridge: 1992), pp. 477–79.
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on southern Israel from the Gaza Strip, killing more than 1,200 Israeli civilians and military personnel and taking
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While the PLO had adopted a program of pursuing a Palestinian state alongside Israel since the mid 1970s, the 1988
1373: 395: 98: 9862: 4423: 2881:. The legality and the wisdom of all of the above tactics have been called into question by various commentators. 25310: 25305: 25295: 23248: 23142: 22993: 22949: 22873: 22638: 22461: 22376: 22097: 22016: 21867: 21707: 21579: 21554: 21329: 21131: 21096: 21051: 21046: 21041: 21026: 21016: 21006: 20986: 20981: 20976: 20971: 20950: 20865: 20813: 20798: 20783: 20757: 20732: 20702: 20667: 20647: 20637: 20632: 20627: 20597: 20587: 20388: 20271: 19998: 19951: 19924: 19914: 19751: 19741: 19706: 19604: 19530: 19240: 19152: 18769: 17974: 17855: 17613: 16945: 16483: 16212: 15849: 15799: 15755: 15696: 14482: 12874: 12369:, Chaper 19: "The barrier followed a route that ran almost entirely through land occupied by Israel in June 1967" 11394: 10964: 8400: 8141: 3502: 2827: 2290: 2162: 1291: 451: 182: 24613: 14615: 14588: 13672: 10790: 7276: 25360: 25035: 24797: 24391: 23872: 23818: 22820: 22787: 22751: 22486: 22451: 22283: 21882: 21369: 21308: 21178: 21121: 21106: 21101: 21086: 21076: 21031: 21021: 21001: 20940: 20860: 20855: 20839: 20803: 20742: 20712: 20707: 20462: 20317: 20221: 20080: 20070: 20049: 19966: 19944: 19888: 19806: 19711: 19314: 19275: 19118: 18765: 18695: 18689: 18567: 18425: 17275: 17143: 17092: 17054: 16987: 16950: 16681: 16606: 16137: 14844: 14471: 13936: 10414: 8231:"Israel must end its occupation of Palestine to stop fuelling apartheid and systematic human rights violations" 7064: 6829: 6379: 6297: 4621: 4577: 3850: 3563: 3175: 3042:, the Palestinian economy lost $ 3.4bn (%35 of the annual GDP) to Israeli restrictions in the West Bank alone. 2850: 2789: 2185: 2070: 2037: 1956: 1622: 1424: 1245: 1241: 640: 483: 20682: 14507: 8951:"Israel and Occupied Palestinian Territories: Trigger-happy: Israel's use of excessive force in the West Bank" 7868: 592:
there, creating a system of institutionalized discrimination against Palestinians under its occupation called
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Website with information (articles, reports, maps, books, links, etc.) on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
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Some Palestinians have committed violent acts over the globe on the pretext of a struggle against Israel.
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and northern Israel, and other Iranian-backed militias in Syria. Iranian-backed militias also engaged in
1392: 852: 455: 11726: 11700: 7657: 4834:'The idea of transfer had accompanied the Zionist movement from its very beginnings', Tom Segev reports. 2322:
of the population, according to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
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broke out between Israel and Gaza, resulting in over 70 Israeli and over 2,000 Palestinian casualties.
1329: 628: 550: 252: 153: 14476: 8494:. International studies in human rights. Vol. 52. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 151–152. 5241: 5128:: "A white paper of 17 May 1939 abruptly reversed British support for Zionism and for a Jewish state." 4418: 3256:
is considered by Israel as a provocative "unilateral" act that is inconsistent with the Oslo Accords.
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United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory (
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places in Israel has been a largely forgotten chapter in Israeli history that deserves reexamination
7449: 6030:"Urban battle from past Gaza war offers glimpse of what an Israeli ground offensive might look like" 3367: 1680:
to lead a fact-finding committee aiming to identify strategies for restoring the peace process. The
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Debating Islam in the Jewish State: The Development of Policy toward Islamic Institutions in Israel
10185: 10094:"UNRWA Head Faces Questions at EU Parliament Over 'Hate Speech, Violence' in Palestinian Textbooks" 7281: 5553: 3548: 3160: 2911:
are of great political concern. Since Israel receives much of its water from two large underground
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In a report published in February 2014 covering incidents over the three-year period of 2011–2013,
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Kober, Avi (2005). "From Blitzkrieg To Attrition: Israel's Attrition Strategy and Staying Power".
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As far as Israel is concerned, the jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority is derived from the
3164: 2694:, Zionist paramilitary groups. A number have also characterized this as an ethnic cleansing. The 2627: 2506: 2158: 2050: 1863: 995: 975: 644: 570: 13958: 13262: 12701: 11804: 11794: 11390:
Expulsion of the Palestinians: The Concept of "Transfer" in Zionist Political Thought, 1882–1948
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Reprinted from: Rüdiger Wolfrum (Ed.), The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (
8052:"Netanyahu: Israel Will Never Accept Arab Peace Initiative as Basis for Talks With Palestinians" 7965: 5876: 5866: 4566:"Anatomy of the 1936–39 Revolt: Images of the Body in Political Cartoons of Mandatory Palestine" 3991:"Palestinians killed by Israeli security forces in the Gaza Strip, before Operation "Cast Lead"" 3386:
Studies provide aggregated casualty data for the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. According to the
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The tensions between Israel and Hamas escalated until late 2008, when Israel launched operation
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The Hundred Years' War on Palestine: A History of Settler Colonialism and Resistance, 1917–2017
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PA–Israel efforts in the West Bank have "significantly increased investor confidence", and the
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attacked Israel. In 1994, Hamas initiated their first lethal suicide attack in response to the
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from Syria, who established the Black Hand militant group and had prepared the grounds for the
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as the sole enemy to his cause, initiating large-scale riots against the Jews as early as 1920
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Radley, K. René (1978). "The Palestinian Refugees: The Right to Return in International Law".
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War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
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Drew, Catriona (1997). "Self-determination and population transfer". In Bowen, Stephen (ed.).
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Israel's Apartheid Against Palestinians: Cruel System of Domination and Crime Against Humanity
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However, one of the most well-known and notorious terrorist acts was the capture and eventual
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argue that the Palestinian refugees fled or were chased out or expelled by the actions of the
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and particularly the sacred places in Jerusalem has been employed by nationalist politicians.
1985:
Israel's Apartheid Against Palestinians: Cruel System of Domination and Crime Against Humanity
1913:, was deeply divided, with most factions rejecting the plan. Palestinians have criticised the 25375: 25176: 24910: 24905: 24782: 24762: 24573: 24543: 24185: 24170: 23987: 23726: 23721: 23339: 22777: 22724: 22600: 22413: 22346: 22336: 22202: 21770: 21755: 21685: 21670: 19470: 19298: 19058: 18813: 18486: 18008: 17664: 17629: 17518: 17461: 16721: 15803: 15547: 15233: 14808: 14748: 13797: 13072: 12227: 11966: 9701: 8955: 8492:
Human rights, self-determination and political change in the occupied Palestinian territories
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Lev, G. (2024). The tragedy of Israel's 135,000 displaced citizens. Haaretz. Retrieved from
3210: 3092: 3020: 1360: 573:. Two Palestinian uprisings against Israel and its occupation erupted in 1987 and 2000, the 25211: 25181: 25141: 25136: 25040: 24915: 24752: 24226: 24072: 23569: 23478: 22273: 21979: 21809: 21804: 21750: 21549: 21211: 19439: 19374: 19369: 19361: 19324: 18795: 18701: 18376: 18244: 18079: 17948: 17781: 17724: 17649: 17634: 17523: 16333: 16230: 16161: 16020: 15978: 15944: 15884: 15855: 15635: 15629: 15412: 15351: 15346: 15327: 15223: 14682:
Policy publications on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict at the Berman Jewish Policy Archive
14681: 14347: 14326: 14276: 14220: 14149: 14121: 14093: 14014: 13986: 13930: 13902: 13694: 13115: 12734: 12221: 12188: 12084: 12038: 11960: 11925: 10667: 10615: 10571: 10519: 10478: 10446: 10406: 10368: 10335: 10214:"Israeli Soldier Indicted for Shooting Wounded Palestinian Assailant Released for Passover" 9359: 9191:"Israel announces 'complete siege' of Gaza, cutting its electricity, food, water, and fuel" 8204: 7922: 7421: 7313: 7126: 7092: 7058: 7019: 6960: 6895: 6854: 6823: 6752: 6665: 6629: 6380:"U.N. Court Says Israel Must Prevent Genocidal Acts in Gaza, But Doesn't Order a Ceasefire" 5679: 5644: 5582: 5547: 5516: 5469: 5125: 4907: 4811: 4777: 4730: 4692: 4647: 4476: 4356: 4279: 3422: 3379: 3238: 3081: 2772: 2760: 2549: 2008: 1625:
in November 1995 and the election of Netanyahu in 1996, finally unraveling when Arafat and
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Amin al-Husseini, the leader of the Palestinian Arab national movement, immediately marked
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cite indications of Arab leaders' desire for the Palestinian Arab population to stay put.
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and Mandate authorities. Increased illegal immigration from Jewish refugees, along with a
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rather than seeking a permanent resolution to the conflict. In 2007, Israel tightened its
8: 25201: 24558: 24491: 23404: 23049: 22595: 22551: 22212: 21794: 19465: 19412: 19288: 19222: 19176: 19148: 19062: 19054: 19046: 18573: 18498: 18480: 18458: 17982: 17285: 17059: 16982: 16962: 16931: 16392: 16374: 15529: 15446: 15442: 15438: 15424: 15060: 14020: 11864: 11462: 10150: 7387: 6505: 6440: 6084: 5947: 5268: 4528: 3734: 3460: 2916: 2623: 2607: 2521: 2460: 2408: 2271: 2250: 2074: 1814: 1059: 1017: 928: 906: 879: 749: 748:'s efforts to build British support for the Zionist movement would eventually secure the 636: 612: 589: 503: 479: 439: 427: 198: 14301: 8282: 8178:"Defending the rule of law, enforcing apartheid - the double life of Israel's judiciary" 7987: 6290:"Proceedings instituted by South Africa against the State of Israel on 29 December 2023" 6231:"Has Israel invaded Gaza? The military has been vague, even if its objectives are clear" 4609: 3350:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1797: 982:. On the Jewish side, the civil war was managed by the major underground militias – the 801:
resulted in the deaths of 133 Jews and 116 Arabs, with significant Jewish casualties in
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for having seemingly changed his views for political, rather than historical, reasons.
2750: 2447: 2379: 2334: 2098: 2082: 1980: 1968: 1964: 1933: 1867: 1760: 1677: 1345: 1299: 1205:. Under United States pressure, Israeli forces would eventually withdraw from Lebanon. 1202: 1190: 919: 718: 608: 534: 510:. Increasing Jewish immigration led to tensions between Jews and Arabs which grew into 487: 443: 423: 24822: 14662:
Map of Israeli Settlements in the Gaza Strip Dec. 1993 (C.I.A./Univ. of Texas, Austin)
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B'Tselem – The Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories
14065: 8796:"Far-right Israeli Minister Lays Groundwork for Doubling West Bank Settler Population" 6927:
Dennis Ross and the Peace Process: Subordinating Palestinian Rights to Israeli "Needs"
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map showing what the CIA regards as settlements, plus refugee camps, fences, and walls
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Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory
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Map of Israeli Settlements in the West Bank Dec. 1993 (C.I.A./Univ. of Texas, Austin)
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Assaf, Karen; Attia, Bayoumi; Darwish, Ali; Wardam, Batir; Klawitter, Simone (2004),
12848:"Lack of sufficient services in Gaza could get worse without urgent action, UN warns" 12782: 12583: 12551: 12519: 12436: 12404: 12344: 12251: 12231: 12200: 12096: 12048: 12004: 11970: 11935: 11904: 11808: 11779: 11672: 11639: 11606: 11526: 11492: 11434: 11402: 11364: 11093: 11004: 10927: 10880: 10877:
Holy Places in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict : Confrontation and Co-Existence
10855: 10820: 10673: 10583: 10550: 10525: 10486: 10454: 10418: 10378: 10347: 10314: 10130: 9682: 9672: 8622: 8591: 8495: 8450: 8427: 8396: 8376: 8210: 7323: 7233: 7136: 7102: 7088: 7068: 7029: 6966: 6905: 6860: 6833: 6758: 6675: 6635: 6469:"Can Hamas actually be eliminated? This is what military and security analysts think" 6436:"Netanyahu dismisses international pressure: 'Nothing will stop us' destroying Hamas" 5880: 5832: 5689: 5654: 5592: 5557: 5522: 5479: 5372: 5337: 5217: 5164: 5078: 5044: 4872: 4823: 4783: 4740: 4702: 4659: 4617: 4597: 4532: 4482: 4366: 4221: 4192: 3945: 3887: 3807: 3776: 3738: 3593: 3136:, less than 45 percent of those killed were actually guilty of informing for Israel. 3066: 2878: 2838: 2199: 2150: 1976: 1950: 1824: 1614: 1274:
Following several years of unsuccessful negotiations, the conflict re-erupted as the
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Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs – occupied Palestinian territory
11550:(1988). "On Recent Hebrew and Israeli Sources for the Palestinian Exodus, 1947–49". 9630:"UN envoy Prosor: Israel has no chance of stopping recognition of Palestinian state" 7383: 6925: 2926:
Palestinian villagers purchase water from water trucks in Khirbet A-Duqaiqah in the
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hundreds of thousands of Palestinians, and supported the Jordanian army during the
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paramilitary campaign of resistance against British authorities by Zionist militias
875: 735: 357: 52: 19270: 12461: 8827:"Smotrich handed sweeping powers over West Bank, control over settlement planning" 3283:
In response to a weakening trend in Palestinian violence and growing economic and
3069:, where Israeli special forces successfully rescued the majority of the hostages. 25151: 25120: 25115: 24960: 24900: 24847: 24777: 24757: 24732: 24722: 24623: 24501: 24206: 24100: 24057: 24037: 23992: 23833: 23768: 22983: 22735: 22217: 22082: 22057: 22040: 21862: 21760: 21516: 21511: 20472: 19525: 18882: 18839: 18492: 18174: 18045: 17956: 17558: 17442: 17226: 17017: 16907: 16875: 16758: 15769: 15710: 15602: 15510: 15213: 15183: 15173: 15138: 15108: 14970: 14592: 14541: 14387: 13784: 13732: 13179: 12171: 11901:
Knowing Too Much: Why the American Jewish Romance with Israel is Coming to an End
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The Fight for Jerusalem: Radical Islam, the West, and the Future of the Holy City
10759: 10703: 10015: 9914: 9404: 8289: 8266: 8090: 8024: 7992: 7863: 7689: 7666: 7454: 5275: 5068: 4858: 3728: 3479:(ERW) casualty data does not exist for the Palestinian territories. In 2009, the 3298: 3073: 2908: 2803: 1961:
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
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International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
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The Oslo Accords: International Law and the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Agreements
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Foundations of Civil and Political Rights in Israel and the Occupied Territories
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the Red Sea in protest, to which the United States responded with airstrikes in
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constitute one political unit and that Israel continues to illegally occupy the
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The Shortest History of Israel and Palestine: From Zionism to Intifadas and ...
14010: 13982: 13954: 13665:"All wars in the 20th century, since 1900 | the Polynational War Memorial" 13634: 13566: 13303:"From 1947 to 2023: Retracing the complex, tragic Israeli-Palestinian conflict" 12917:"From 1947 to 2023: Retracing the complex, tragic Israeli-Palestinian conflict" 12821:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2008. Archived from 11309: 11152: 9959: 9454:"Israel used 'calorie count' to limit Gaza food during blockade, critics claim" 8858:"Former US ambassador accuses Israel of 'creeping annexation' of the West Bank" 8292: 7375: 6119: 3879: 3613: 3406: 3234: 3120:, more than a thousand Palestinians were killed in a campaign initiated by the 3117: 3054: 2950: 2695: 2679: 2545: 2487: 2474: 2058: 1770: 1573: 1569: 1490: 1458: 1332:, and cooperation with Egypt allowed a ground blockade of the Egyptian border. 1295: 1218: 1158: 1066:
resulted in a short-term Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip and exile of the
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which recommended the partitioning of Palestine. The two main Zionist leaders,
745: 721:, grew out of the last two decades of the 19th century, largely in response to 695: 574: 495: 367: 22513:
Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip
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United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
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Amnesty International, The United States, Israel and the Palestinian Authority
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Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization
3914: 3699: 1278:
in September 2000. The violence, escalating into an open conflict between the
25284: 25262: 25161: 24787: 24767: 24702: 24654: 24568: 24275: 23932: 23882: 23828: 23793: 23783: 23731: 23716: 23711: 23660: 23650: 23640: 22756: 22522: 22072: 21544: 21277: 21261: 19019: 18298: 17882: 17734: 17503: 17313: 17124: 17022: 16688: 16599: 16546: 15972: 15253: 15243: 15228: 15208: 15203: 15148: 15143: 15123: 15118: 15113: 15055: 15005: 14753: 14569: 14254: 14073: 13276: 12008: 11800: 11582: 11356: 11008: 9686: 8380: 7542:"Israel moves to green light 2,200 new settlement units, recognizes outposts" 7237: 5836: 5168: 4601: 4593: 4585: 4518: 3326: 2858: 2717: 2510: 2399: 2370: 2231: 1890: 1886: 1875: 1859: 1778: 1656: 1648: 1605: 1597: 1564: 1529: 1349: 1130: 1110: 902: 766: 730: 389: 24271:
Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria during the Israel–Hamas war
16439: 14524: 14438:
Academic, news, and similar sites (excluding Israeli or Palestinian sources)
14145: 11512: 11128:. United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine. 1950. Archived from 10819:. The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies. pp. 21–26. Archived from 8354:"Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israeli-Occupied Territories Since 1967" 5294:
fair for the Jews to be a minority in a unitary Palestinian state, while it
4472: 2756: 2069:, making it the longest military occupation in modern history. In 2024, the 2024: 1344:
and its mission title was changed from "Palestine (represented by PLO)" to "
866:
led to a shift in British policies in the region and the appointment of the
731:
ideologically Zionist immigrants in the decade preceding the First World War
651:
and Gaza Strip. The court also determined that Israeli policies violate the
537:, more than half of the mandate's predominantly Palestinian Arab population 25196: 24837: 24697: 24692: 24548: 24474: 24426: 24216: 24165: 24052: 24012: 24007: 23952: 23947: 23942: 23892: 23808: 23736: 23655: 22128: 22087: 22050: 21877: 21782: 21412: 20467: 19485: 19355: 19011: 18679: 17998: 17776: 17608: 17553: 17466: 16131: 15541: 15263: 15258: 15193: 15188: 15178: 15153: 15128: 15100: 15070: 15045: 14995: 14647:
Map of Palestinian Refugee Camps 1993 (UNRWA/C.I.A./Univ. of Texas, Austin)
14194: 14117: 14089: 14081: 14039: 13964: 13664: 13597:"Palestinian civilians suffer in Israel-Gaza crossfire as death toll rises" 13147: 12299: 12034: 11599:
The False Prophets of Peace: Liberal Zionism and the Struggle for Palestine
11454: 9982: 9805: 9458: 8583: 8322: 8122: 7891:"Saudi former intel chief slams Palestinian's criticism of UAE-Israel deal" 7199: 7015: 5862: 5640: 5064: 5040: 4352: 3803: 3724: 3226: 3034: 2927: 2745: 2709: 2687: 2577: 2569: 2537: 2529: 2470: 2466: 2299: 2108: 1925: 1894: 1774: 1748: 1740: 1652: 1559: 1229: 991: 979: 915: 739: 726: 722: 714: 466: 16452: 14477:
Aix Group – Joint Palestinian-Israeli-international economic working group
13554: 10852:
Contested Holy Places in Israel–Palestine: Sharing and Conflict Resolution
8471: 8454: 7802:"Abbas calls on Obama to enact Arab peace plan as soon as he takes office" 6593: 5868:
Power, Faith, and Fantasy: America in the Middle East, 1776 to the Present
2355: 1854:), also known as the Saudi Initiative, was first proposed by Crown Prince 1232:
of 1993, allowing the PLO to relocate from Tunisia and take ground in the
24812: 24669: 24516: 24511: 24457: 24436: 24303: 24180: 23962: 23823: 23813: 23798: 23701: 23680: 23665: 22841: 21914: 21201: 18729: 17890: 17863: 17719: 17513: 16514: 16194: 15452: 15340: 15085: 15050: 15040: 15025: 15015: 15000: 14990: 14985: 14950: 14904: 14043: 13699: 13036:"Palestinians lose billions to Israeli land bans, says World Bank report" 12731:
Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip
12044: 11547: 11384: 10343: 10250: 8084:'The ICJ Just Demolished One of Israel's Key Defenses of the Occupation,' 7207: 7098: 7025: 5650: 5475: 5160: 4819: 4726: 4643: 4090: 3972: 3603: 3428:
Figures include both Israeli civilians and security forces casualties in
3402: 3305: 2969: 2706: 2641: 2066: 1929: 1871: 1736: 1730: 1542: 1126: 1092: 1080: 1063: 1049: 963: 790: 566: 499: 345: 17328: 10755:"In curious twist, Russia recognizes West Jerusalem as Israel's capital" 8984: 8889:"Netanyahu hands Smotrich full authority to expand existing settlements" 8318:"Hamas presents new charter accepting a Palestine based on 1967 borders" 8283:‘Israel always sold the occupation as legal. The ICJ now terrifies them’ 7704: 6533:"Three US troops killed in drone attack in Jordan, more than 30 injured" 2632: 2415:
recognition of sovereign Palestine by granting non-member state status.
2125: 2103: 24747: 24664: 24659: 24588: 24297: 24221: 24190: 24175: 24077: 19451: 19207: 18516: 17437: 15020: 15010: 14980: 14960: 14955: 14389:
The Writing on the Wall: Rethinking the International Law of Occupation
14244: 14216: 14052: 11771: 11573: 11335: 11295: 10960:"Extremists – Talking With Jewish Extremists | Israel's Next War?" 9396:
The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
9091:"What's the ICJ case against Israel's illegal occupation of Palestine?" 8644:"Historical, Legal, and Political Aspects of Israeli Settlement Policy" 8388: 4411: 4333:
Palestinian economic and social life would be unimpeded by restrictions
4312: 4135:"UN rights chief warns of heightened risk of 'atrocity crimes' in Gaza" 3532: 3433: 3058: 3039: 2661: 2062: 1910: 1626: 1328:, Hamas took full control of the area. In 2007, Israel imposed a naval 1237: 1106: 632: 435: 405: 344:
and 15,000 killed with a further 413,000 Palestinians displaced in the
23148:
United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Israel–Hamas war
3847:
War over Peace: One Hundred Years of Israel's Militaristic Nationalism
3012:
and destruction of wells, and physical barriers within the West Bank.
2995:
Economy of the State of Palestine § Israeli–Palestinian relations
2513:
declaring "Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel."
1058:
militants' cross-border attacks into Israel, while Israel carried out
24431: 24110: 23135: 19431: 19196: 18644: 17548: 17498: 16119: 15218: 15090: 14909: 14672:
Map of Jericho and Vicinity Jan. 1994 (C.I.A./Univ. of Texas, Austin)
14585: 14456: 13960:
Brokers of Deceit: How the US Has Undermined Peace in the Middle East
13802: 13004:
Coping with Conflict: Poverty and Inclusion in the West Bank and Gaza
11089: 10920:"Targeting Heritage: The Abuse of Symbolic Sites in Modern Conflicts" 10900: 10282: 10061:"EU moves to stop funding Palestinian terrorists, inciting textbooks" 9772: 9706: 9527: 8736:"Jewish settler population in the West Bank surpasses half a million" 7834: 7741: 7639:"Annapolis joint declaration to focus on goals of final status talks" 7226:"Camp David and After: An Exchange (1. An Interview with Ehud Barak)" 6211:"Gaza war inflicts catastrophic damage on infrastructure and economy" 5906: 5213: 4736: 3941: 3608: 3472: 3429: 3101: 2933: 2657: 2585: 2115: 2054: 2042: 1932:
gave a cautious welcome to the plan. In 2015, Israeli Prime Minister
1706: 1443: 1404: 1336: 1233: 1102: 581:
respectively. Israel's occupation, which is now considered to be the
419: 14641: 12136:"Victims of Palestinian Violence and Terrorism since September 2000" 11796:
Righteous victims: a history of the Zionist-Arab conflict, 1881–2001
11763: 11565: 11352:
Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist–Arab conflict, 1881–2001
11327: 11287: 10545:
Scheindlin (November 2017). "The shrinking Two-State Constituency".
9801:"Abbas defies US with formal call for Palestinian recognition by UN" 9422:"2,279 Calories per Person: How Israel Made Sure Gaza Didn't Starve" 8372: 6262: 4565: 3421:
were killed in the conflict from 2008 to September 2023, before the
3348:. The reason given is: more deaths due to the war beginning in 2023. 3149: 2740:
Historically, there has been debate over the relative impact of the
25171: 24880: 24376: 23675: 21948: 21909: 16753: 14942: 14763: 14740: 12787: 12588: 12556: 12524: 12256: 9893:
The Israeli–Palestinian Peace Negotiations, 1999–2001: Within Reach
9556:"Reaction mixed to Israeli announcement on easing of Gaza blockade" 7927: 6598: 6578: 6558: 6282: 6104: 5210:
Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine: 1945–1948
4276:"Canadian Policy on Key Issues in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict" 4249: 3125: 1898: 549:
was established on most of the former mandate's territory, and the
14579: 14016:
The Iron Cage: The Story of the Palestinian Struggle for Statehood
13798:"B'Tselem: 773 of Palestinians killed in Cast Lead were civilians" 12989: 10697:"Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel (Unofficial translation)" 7659:
Joint Understanding Read by President Bush at Annapolis Conference
6358:"Order respecting South Africa's request for provisional measures" 3660:
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
2236:
Economy of the Gaza Strip § Israeli policies and their impact
21799: 19132: 19038: 18913: 18723: 17714: 17669: 17644: 13560: 12666: 12466: 11869: 11489:
Under the Cover of War: The Zionist Expulsion of the Palestinians
10218: 9768:"Netanyahu: PA attempt to become a permanent UN member will fail" 9634: 9426: 8923: 8093: 8056: 7806: 7709: 7643: 7546: 6215: 6151: 6080:"In Israel and the U.S., 'apartheid' is the elephant in the room" 6034: 5970:"Gaza: Palestinian Rockets Unlawfully Targeted Israeli Civilians" 4938: 3410: 3285:
security cooperation between Israel and the Palestinian Authority
2912: 2683: 2649: 2525: 2502: 2202:
who was shot dead while reporting in the West Bank on 11 May 2022
1995: 1097: 1020:. This land is internationally recognized as belonging to Israel. 983: 894: 794: 778: 705: 462: 24329:
Palestinian sports during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip
14483:
Crash Course World History 223: Conflict in Israel and Palestine
10002: 9978:"Academic claims Israeli school textbooks contain bias - Israel" 8919:"Amnesty says some Israeli West Bank killings may be war crimes" 8118:"Israel is committing the crime of apartheid, rights group says" 3139: 2610:
was re-opened with the intent of causing the mosque's collapse.
482:
issued by Britain, which promised to support the creation of a "
400:
At least 42,509+ Palestinians and 1,668+ Israelis killed in the
19607: 19136: 19050: 18940: 17704: 17699: 17456: 17451: 14758: 14494: 14460: 11826: 11824: 11274:
Flapan, Simha (Summer 1987). "The Palestinian Exodus of 1948".
10924:
Marketing heritage: archaeology and the consumption of the past
10029:"EU holds PA funds after reform of antisemitic textbooks fails" 9863:"Palestinians win implicit U.N. recognition of sovereign state" 8519: 4164: 3437: 3000: 2764: 2645: 2596: 2393: Countries that have not recognised the State of Palestine 2338: 2130: 1270:
Aftermath of a Palestinian suicide bombing on a bus in Tel Aviv
932: 832: 782: 770: 562: 546: 470: 236: 14452: 13456:"UN: Israel has dismantled 20 percent of West Bank checkpoint" 12462:"Defense officials concerned as Hamas upgrades Qassam arsenal" 11665:
The Palestine Yearbook of International Law 2001–2002: Vol. 11
10608:"Overview of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians" 8766:"Israel to ramp up settlement expansion in occupied West Bank" 8555:"Settlements grow on Arab land, despite promises made to U.S." 5070:
One State, Two States: Resolving the Israel/Palestine Conflict
3655:"Occupied Palestinian Territory: Overview Map | December 2011" 2786:
United States security assistance to the Palestinian Authority
1523:
Creation of the Palestinian Authority and Security Cooperation
1012: 862:
The cost and risks associated with the revolt and the ongoing
356:
654 Israeli and 19,085 Palestinian and Lebanese deaths in the
24975: 19554: 19549: 19340: 17739: 17709: 17654: 17543: 17533: 17475: 17432: 14803: 14798: 12757:"Oslo+21 and Water Problems in Palestine: A Story of Failure" 11175:
United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees
8020:"Netanyahu backs 'general idea' behind Arab Peace Initiative" 7357:"Visions in Collision – What Happened at Camp David and Taba" 7256: 6798: 6594:"What we know about US retaliatory strikes in Iraq and Syria" 6120:"Israeli-Palestinian death toll highest since 2005: UN envoy" 6100:"Israel judicial reform explained: What is the crisis about?" 5332:
Louwerse, Colter (16 April 2024). Stern-Weiner, Jamie (ed.).
4527:. Routledge Studies in Genocide and Crimes against Humanity. 4185:
The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: What Everyone Needs to Know
3097: 2834:
opened fire in a mosque, killing 29 people and injuring 125.
2691: 2653: 2564: 2533: 1902: 1782: 1744: 1438:, with Israel engaging in clashes with local militias in the 1431:, but did not order Israel to suspend its military campaign. 1388: 1145:. However, the Palestinian base in Jordan collapsed with the 987: 558: 341: 314: 298: 19:
For the current phase of the conflict beginning in 2023, see
14570:
A history of Israel, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict
13488:"Israel sets up trial program to expedite PA export process" 11821: 10710:. Passed by the Knesset on the 17th Av, 5740 (30 July 1980). 6410:"World Court stops short of Gaza ceasefire order for Israel" 4524:
Last Lectures on the Prevention and Intervention of Genocide
2276: 1893:
also supported the plan and officially asked U.S. President
18980: 14610:
Jewish and Israeli "peace movement" news and advocacy sites
14553:: Gaza affiliate of the International Commission of Jurists 14550: 13746:"B'Tselem: Since 2000, 7,454 Israelis, Palestinians killed" 13207:"Attempt to carry explosives device on El Al flight foiled" 9833:"Security Council rejects Palestinian statehood resolution" 9408: 7509:"Renewed Hope for Peace Talks as Arafat Returns to Mideast" 7153: 6940:
Human Rights Watch, An Analysis of the Wye River Memorandum
6473: 5197:. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine. 1946. pp. 38–49. 4412:
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (26 October 2020).
2999:
The conflict has been about land since its inception. When
2600: 2387: Countries that have recognised the State of Palestine 1832: 966:
supported the Arab struggle by forming the volunteer-based
203:
Division of Israeli control and Palestinian control by the
14667:
Map of Jerusalem Mar. 1993 (C.I.A./Univ. of Texas, Austin)
14556: 14529: 14508:
OneVoice Movement – One Million Voices to End the Conflict
14426: 13360:"2009 W.Bank terror activity down by 97% compared to 2002" 11521:(Repr. ed.). Oxford: Oneworld Publications. pp.  11217: 8426:. Vol. 14. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 141. 7177: 6627: 4387:"The Roots of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: 1882–1914" 3799:
Politics and Society in Modern Israel: Myths and Realities
3278: 2895:
Water supply and sanitation in the Palestinian territories
2559: 1773:, center, discusses the peace process with Prime Minister 1472: 1117:. Each of these territories except the Sinai remain under 1016:
Land in the lighter shade represents territory within the
24335:
Options for a policy regarding Gaza's civilian population
13392:"PA security forces seize 17 bombs, transfer them to IDF" 11170: 10969: 10726: 9257: 9126:
GISHA, A Guide to the Gaza Closure: In Israel's own words
8307:, pp. 121–147, Eran, Oded. "Arab-Israel Peacemaking" 7606:"Mapping the dead in latest Israeli-Palestinian violence" 7204:
Arafat's War: The Man and His Battle for Israeli Conquest
6537: 6145:
Mills, Andrew; Hassan, Ahmed Mohamed (15 November 2023).
5733: 3045: 2484: 2195: 2139:
Israeli settlements to be illegal under international law
1979:
living in Israel, the West Bank and Gaza constituted the
1074:, to the detriment of the Palestinian national movement. 372:
1,010 Israelis and up to 3,354 Palestinian deaths in the
350:
6,373 Israeli and 3,000–13,000 Palestinian deaths in the
14534: 14512: 14431: 13520:"IDF mulls entry to West Bank cities by Jewish Israelis" 13098: 9910:"Some experts question extent of Palestinian incitement" 3866:"The 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon: the casualties". 3679: 1735:
The Israeli negotiation team presented a new map at the
927:. By the end of World War II, a crisis over the fate of 23600:
Defense for Children International – Palestine v. Biden
14574: 14199:
The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East
12872: 12662:"How many Palestinians actually live in the West Bank?" 11427:
The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing
9523:"Cabinet: All non-military items can enter Gaza freely" 9277: 7685:"Abbas admits he rejected 2008 peace offer from Olmert" 6776: 6774: 5902:"Hamas: Rockets will stop when Gaza borders are opened" 4864:
The Israel–Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War
2837:
The Israeli government initiated the construction of a
2356:
United Nations and Recognition of Palestinian statehood
1026:
Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel
686:
Military operations of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
519: 22624:
Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus
21353:
Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus
14123:
The birth of the Palestinian refugee problem revisited
13030: 13028: 11312:(Winter 1992). "Observations on the Right of Return". 8706:"Chapter 3: Israeli Settlements and International Law" 8676:"Chapter 3: Israeli Settlements and International Law" 7574:"UN: Israeli-Palestinian violence nears 'catastrophe'" 7484:. Embassy of the United States, Israel. Archived from 3938:
Routledge Handbook on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
3087: 2426:
Schoolbooks published for both Israeli and Palestinian
1040:
was declared by the Arab League on 22 September 1948.
901:
carrying illegal Jewish immigrants from Europe at the
25246: 18993:
History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel
17396: 15285: 12997:"Poverty and the Labor Market: A Sheer Lack of Jobs?" 11580:
Childers, Irskine (12 May 1961). "The Other Exodus".
11461:. The Crimes of War Education Project. Archived from 10309:
Stern-Weiner, Jamie (November 2017). "Introduction".
6746: 6744: 6742: 6729: 6727: 1290:. In 2005, Israeli Prime Minister Sharon ordered the 942: 366:
1,962 Palestinians and 179–200 Israeli deaths in the
16:
Ongoing military and political conflict in the Levant
23577:
Legal Consequences of Israeli Policies and Practices
14564:
Jewish and Israeli academic, news, and similar sites
14048:"Counting the dead in Gaza: difficult but essential" 13868:"Country Overviews – Occupied Palestinian Territory" 9578: 9223:"Israel: Unlawful Gaza Blockade Deadly for Children" 7830:"Hamas' al-Zahar: Arab peace initiative impractical" 7651: 6771: 5313: 5103: 4839: 3466: 3454:
International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism
3057:
became a regular hijacking target. The hijacking of
2348:
Palestinian protesters in the Gaza Strip during the
1817:, United States. The conference aimed to revive the 1687: 1101:
During the Six-Day War in 1967, Israel captured the
418:
is an ongoing military and political conflict about
22894:
International recognition of the State of Palestine
14444:
U.S. Attempts at Peace between Israel and Palestine
13778:"Casualties in Operation Cast Lead: A closer look." 13025: 12941: 12842: 12840: 12397:
Justice for Some: Law and the Question of Palestine
11077: 10907:. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing. pp. 5–6. 10669:
Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East
10499: 9943:
Religious Stereotyping and Interreligious Relations
9547: 9323:"Court extends remand of Israelis aboard Gaza ship" 9061: 9059: 9057: 9044: 9042: 9029: 9027: 9025: 9023: 6371: 5364:
Justice for Some: Law and the Question of Palestine
3447: 3254:
international recognition of the State of Palestine
3249:significance and of potentially dangerous persons. 2968:A report was released by the UN in August 2012 and 2362:
International recognition of the State of Palestine
2198:carrying photos of Palestinian-American journalist 1915:
Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement
1889:immediately embraced the initiative. His successor 1018:
borders of Israel at the conclusion of the 1948 war
809:, and the evacuation of Jews from Hebron and Gaza. 24986:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries 18912: 16530:Insurgency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 14652:Map of Israel 2008 (C.I.A./Univ. of Texas, Austin) 14618:, Published by Jews for Justice in the Middle East 13088:Palestine and the Palestinians in the 21st century 12903:The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: 100 Years of War 10874: 10720:Diamond, Jeremy; Labott, Elise (6 December 2017). 10181:"In Israel, an ugly tide sweeps over Palestinians" 9599:"Israeli minister says Palestinians losing UN bid" 9108: 9071: 7988:"Olmert gives cautious welcome to Arab peace plan" 6817: 6815: 6813: 6739: 6724: 4934:, p. 361, "al-Husseini, Hajj (Muhammad) Amin" 4816:Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict 2810:. Eight people were killed, about 40 were injured. 1355: 1292:removal of Israeli settlers and soldiers from Gaza 1286:, lasted until 2004/2005 and led to approximately 1054:Through the 1950s, Jordan and Egypt supported the 22927: 22899:Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023–present) 18974:Laws and customs of the Land of Israel in Judaism 18423: 14629:Arabs and Israelis held hostage by a common enemy 14448:Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives 12894: 11995:"Olmert Rejects Right of Return for Palestinians" 11085:The Israel–Palestine Conflict Parallel discourses 10649: 10647: 10645: 9398:The Humanitarian Monitor. December Overview, 2011 9297:"Interception of the Gaza flotilla-Legal aspects" 8528:Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research 8044: 6320: 5938:"Abbas: No justification for Gaza rocket attacks" 4414:"Balfour Declaration | History & Impact" 3730:Six Days: How the 1967 War Shaped the Middle East 3259: 2014: 25282: 14716: 14037: 13321: 13106:"Palestinian Economic Recovery Plan Takes Shape" 12965:"Agriculture in Palestine: a post-Oslo Analysis" 12944:Nakba: Palestine, 1948, and the Claims of Memory 12837: 12576: 12213: 10722:"Trump recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's capital" 10278:"Gaza kindergartners want to 'blow up Zionists'" 9054: 9039: 9020: 8012: 6328:"Israel-Hamas War: Update from Patrick Kingsley" 6179:"What we know about the captives taken by Hamas" 5723: 5721: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4170: 3388:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 1754: 1310: 1197:led to the Israeli full-scale invasion known as 1036:and Egypt taking over the Gaza Strip, where the 931:from Europe led to renewed tensions between the 23395:March for the Republic and Against Antisemitism 23259:Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip 22967:Casualties of Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip 14367:Bashi, Sari (2017). Stern-Weiner, Jamie (ed.). 12298:. IDF Military Advocate General. Archived from 10517: 10472: 10470: 10327: 9490:"Israel set calorie limit during Gaza blockade" 7275:Malley, Robert; Agha, Hussein (9 August 2001). 7120: 7118: 7049: 7047: 7045: 6852: 6810: 6554:"Houthis claim new attacks on Red Sea shipping" 6000:"Seven Truths About Israel, Hamas and Violence" 5514: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4453: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4298: 4132: 3559:International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict 3492:do not have maps or records of the minefields. 3471:A comprehensive collection mechanism to gather 2217: 2161:, seriously hindering economic development and 1897:to adopt it as part of his Middle East policy. 21788:Mossad infiltration of Iranian nuclear archive 21723:2024 Iranian missile strikes in Iraq and Syria 21307: 17281:Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus 14677:Pew Global Research – worldwide public opinion 14453:Gaza\Sderot : Life in spite of everything 13828: 13134: 12727:"Annex III: Protocol Concerning Civil Affairs" 12620: 10642: 10518:Cleveland, William L.; Bunton, Martin (2010). 9969: 9735:"Obama at UN declares 'no shortcuts' to peace" 9355:"Position paper on the naval blockade on Gaza" 9120: 7397: 7010: 7008: 7006: 6853:Cleveland, William L.; Bunton, Martin (2010). 5515:Cleveland, William L.; Bunton, Martin (2010). 4133:Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle (6 December 2023). 3963: 3961: 2806:hit by suicide bomber in the aftermath of the 1255: 831:in Palestine, motivated by opposition to mass 602:violating the human rights of the Palestinians 25016:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 24463:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine 24392: 23543:War crimes and crimes against humanity report 22155:Allegations of involvement of UNRWA employees 21964: 21293: 20551: 19590: 19256: 18898: 18409: 17810: 17382: 17344: 16468: 16444: 14702: 14616:The Origin of the Palestine – Israel Conflict 14325:Roy, Sara (2024). Stern-Weiner, Jamie (ed.). 14172: 13787:Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya. 2009. PDF. 13719: 13629: 13627: 13590: 13588: 12959: 12957: 12719: 12320: 12180: 11596: 11223: 10719: 10636: 9596: 9514: 7350: 7348: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7081: 6611: 6609: 5718: 4980:"History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict" 4974: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4495: 4358:1948: A history of the first Arab–Israeli war 3140:Overriding authority and international status 3063:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 3015: 2937:A swimming pool in the Israeli settlement of 2257: 1959:determined that Israeli policies violate the 1659:during the Oslo Accords on 13 September 1993. 1315:In 2006, Hamas won a plurality of 44% in the 1212: 394:285 Palestinian and 17 Israeli deaths in the 24132:Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 23454:National March on Washington: Free Palestine 22518:Environmental impact of the Israel–Hamas war 12775: 12692: 12512: 11421: 11065:, pp. 724–29, Efrat, Moshe. "Refugees." 11027:"Secret tunnel under Al-Aqsa Mosque exposed" 10665: 10467: 10308: 9964:Israel/Palestine: How to End the War of 1948 9253:"As World Focuses On Gaza, Grim Lives Go On" 7883: 7417:"Clinton: Arafat changed mind on peace deal" 7268: 7115: 7042: 6657: 6621: 5269:"Historical Time Line for Israel/Palestine." 4946: 4338: 3539:Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 3508:Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2819:Israeli military targets and installations. 2779: 1553: 727:Jewish colonization began during this period 679:Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 585:in modern history, has seen it constructing 461:The conflict has its origins in the rise of 23350:2024 University of Texas at Austin stabbing 23180:Israeli torture in the occupied territories 22852:Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka 21746:Assassination of Iranian nuclear scientists 21238:Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates 20574:Foreign relations of the State of Palestine 16482: 16380:Comparisons between Israel and Nazi Germany 15910: 15831: 13925: 13619:roughly 6,400 Palestinians and 300 Israelis 13549: 13547: 13060: 12935: 12427: 11903:. New York: OR Books. pp. Chapter 10. 11895: 10401: 10151:"PA TV glorifies murderers of Fogel family" 9663: 9159:"Israel announces 'total' blockade on Gaza" 8459:International Journal of Constitutional Law 7171: 7159: 7053: 7003: 6958: 6786: 6618:, Politicide, Containment, and Pacification 6144: 5823:"Hamas Leader Faults Israeli Sanction Plan" 5782: 5752: 5278:UMass Amherst. 5 April 2005. 14 March 2013. 4925: 4806: 4672: 4636: 4465: 3958: 3921: 3589:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East 3569:Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions 3523:Israeli–Palestinian conflict in video games 3178:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2712:demolished during the second Intifada, 2002 2584:Since the early 20th century, the issue of 2548:. For Christians, Jerusalem is the site of 1805:The Annapolis Conference was a Middle East 1777:of Israel, left, and Palestinian President 1713:proposals was delayed by the advent of the 1682:committee's findings were published in 2001 1633: 949:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine 673:History of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 655:. Since 2006, Hamas and Israel have fought 643:rebuffed this stance, determining that the 24399: 24385: 24324:Israeli demolition of Palestinian property 21971: 21957: 21300: 21286: 20558: 20544: 19597: 19583: 19263: 19249: 18905: 18891: 18868:Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement 18416: 18402: 17817: 17803: 17389: 17375: 17351: 17337: 16475: 16461: 14709: 14695: 13624: 13585: 12954: 12130: 12128: 11491:. 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In 1993, the 635:rather than in terms of its status as an 25096:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic 25026:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation 24991:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine) 23217:September 2024 Israel ceasefire protests 23197: 22437:Airstrikes on municipal services in Gaza 21477:Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present) 15718: 15657: 15577: 15492: 15391: 15317: 14551:Palestinian Centre for Human Rights PCHR 14250:The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World 13544: 13327: 11992: 11799:(1st Vintage Books ed.). New York: 11579: 11355:(1st Vintage Books ed.). New York: 10444: 10246:"When Israelis Teach Their Kids To Hate" 9975: 9699: 9659: 9657: 9590: 9520: 8076: 7682: 7539: 7354: 7262: 7183: 5820: 5331: 4214:The Israel-Palestine Conflict: A History 3544:Allegations of war crimes against Israel 3366: 3209: 3091: 3024:The barrier between Israel and Palestine 3019: 2932: 2921: 2899:Water politics in the Jordan River basin 2797: 2755: 2700: 2631: 2563: 2478: 2369: 2343: 2296:tightened its blockade of the Gaza Strip 2275: 2189: 2124: 2102: 2036: 2033:Status of territories captured by Israel 1833:Arab Peace Initiative (2002, 2007, 2017) 1796: 1764: 1697: 1643: 1621:The process took a turning point at the 1563: 1415:almost two million people. South Africa 1359: 1302:and many other international bodies and 1265: 1096: 1011: 1001: 889: 822: 812: 689: 382:. 1,116–1,417 Palestinian deaths in the 83:Late 19th / early 20th century – present 26:For broader coverage of this topic, see 24971:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction) 24956:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order 22472:World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack 21873:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran 21645:Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents 21442:2008 Israel–Hezbollah prisoner exchange 17915:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon 17242:Islamic State insurgency in Deir ez-Zor 16425:There was no such thing as Palestinians 16056: 14467:Global Politician – Middle-East Section 14009: 13981: 13953: 13635:"Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls" 13140: 12942:Sa'id, Ahmad; Abu-Lughod, Lila (2007). 12905:. 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Israel responded it would begin 1317:Palestinian parliamentary election 970:, supporting the Palestinian Arab 943:1947 United Nations partition plan 845:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 819:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 14: 25387: 25011:Palestine Liberation Organization 23464:Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell 23244:Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit 22467:Palestinians evacuating Gaza City 21681:2012 attacks on Israeli diplomats 21620:August 2019 Syria missile strikes 19408:Palestine Liberation Organization 17098:Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency 16968:Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency 16559:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 16046: 15419:Attacks against Israeli civilians 14794:Palestine Liberation Organization 14415: 13810:from the original on 5 March 2022 13758:from the original on 5 March 2022 13645:from the original on 19 July 2017 13532:from the original on 5 March 2022 13500:from the original on 5 March 2022 13468:from the original on 5 March 2022 13436:from the original on 5 March 2022 13424:"Route 443 opens to Palestinians" 13404:from the original on 5 March 2022 13372:from the original on 5 March 2022 13328:Patience, Martin (19 June 2007). 13283:from the original on 5 March 2022 13219:from the original on 5 March 2022 13141:Chalabi, Mona (14 October 2013). 13122:from the original on 28 June 2017 13048:from the original on 28 June 2017 12883:from the original on 4 March 2016 12596:from the original on 6 March 2008 12500:from the original on 18 June 2017 11840:. 2 February 2008. 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The 3122:Palestine Liberation Organization 2962:Food and Agriculture Organization 2830:where American-Israeli physician 2400:campaigned for full member status 1939: 1819:Israeli–Palestinian peace process 1809:held on 27 November 2007, at the 1688:Developments following Camp David 1602:Palestine Liberation Organization 1600:and Palestinian leaders from the 1504:Israeli–Palestinian peace process 1226:Israeli–Palestinian peace process 266:Palestine Liberation Organization 117:Israeli–Palestinian peace process 25268: 25256: 25225: 25224: 24951:Arabian Peninsula People's Union 24634:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 24361: 24360: 23254:Cancellation of the 2023 MTV EMA 22170:Sexual and gender-based violence 21934: 21933: 21843:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 21600:March 2017 Israel–Syria incident 21430:2005 Hezbollah cross-border raid 21425:2000 Hezbollah cross-border raid 21365:Iranian seizure of the MSC Aries 20681: 20567: 19790: 19652:Democratic Republic of the Congo 19606: 19315:Timeline of the name "Palestine" 19167: 19074: 18774:Agreement on Movement and Access 17115:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 17108:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq 16973:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 16219:Agreement on Movement and Access 16150:US security assistance to the PA 16072:Palestinian expulsion and flight 15611:1983 West Bank fainting epidemic 14729: 14489:The Israeli–Palestinian Conflict 14100:Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group 13822: 13790: 13770: 13738: 13687: 13657: 13512: 13480: 13448: 13416: 13384: 13352: 13340:from the original on 12 May 2014 13295: 13255: 13243: 13231: 13199: 13167: 13155:from the original on 12 May 2014 13079: 12909: 12807: 12749: 12686: 12653: 12608: 12552:"Gaza's rocket threat to Israel" 12544: 12532:from the original on 5 July 2014 12481: 12453: 12421: 12384: 12372: 12360: 12326: 12314: 12288: 12276: 12244: 12177:. 26 December 2006. 30 May 2009. 12175:Global Legal Information Network 12158: 12113: 12076: 12064: 12027: 11986: 11952: 11917: 11889: 11856: 11786: 11741: 11725:. 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United Nations. Archived from 5126:Prologue: The Zionist Foundation 4908:Prologue: The Zionist Foundation 4564:Sufian, Sandy (1 January 2008). 3627: 3448:Criticism of casualty statistics 3335: 3148: 2864:8,600 rockets have been launched 2366:Palestine and the United Nations 2159:fragmented Palestinian territory 1852:Mubādirat as-Salām al-ʿArabīyyah 1407:campaign on Gaza, followed by a 1062:in the host countries. The 1956 769:would become the leaders of the 598:drawn international condemnation 348:.; 2,000+ Jews displaced in 1948 308: 292: 272: 259: 246: 229: 99:Occupied Palestinian territories 51: 24594:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 23249:Hurmat-e-Masjid Aqsa Conference 23143:Palestinian genocide accusation 22994:Israeli disengagement from Gaza 22950:Palestinian freedom of movement 22639:Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh 22574:2024 Israeli military operation 22462:Kuwait Roundabout mass killings 22377:Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion 21708:2019 Israeli airstrikes in Iraq 21580:May 2013 Rif Dimashq airstrikes 21555:Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh 21494:Projectile attacks from Lebanon 21420:2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict 18808:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks 18802:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks 18770:Israeli disengagement from Gaza 17975:Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 17856:Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency 17614:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 16946:Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir 16927:Internal conflict in Bangladesh 16269:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks 16257:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks 16213:Israeli disengagement from Gaza 15697:Cave of the Patriarchs massacre 14931: 14349:Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza 14173:Scott-Baumann, Michael (2023). 14060:(10449). Elsevier BV: 237–238. 13893: 13252:, Volume 3. M. Leonard, Thomas. 12745:– via www.knesset.gov.il. 12460:Harel, Amos (7 December 2007). 11395:Institute for Palestine Studies 10814:"Jerusalem – Some Legal Issues" 10753:Ahren, Raphael (6 April 2017). 10524:. ReadHowYouWant.com, Limited. 10258:from the original on 2 May 2016 10009:Report on Palestinian Textbooks 9628:Ravid, Barak (28 August 2011). 8887:Sharon, Jeremy (18 June 2023). 8553:Harel, Amos (24 October 2006). 7923:"Arabs offer Israel peace plan" 7637:Benn, Aluf (14 November 2007). 6859:. ReadHowYouWant.com, Limited. 6757:. Brookings Institution Press. 6223: 6203: 6171: 6138: 6112: 6092: 6072: 6054: 6022: 6010:from the original on 7 May 2021 5992: 5962: 5930: 5893: 5855: 5814: 5730:"Is Gaza 'occupied' territory?" 5706: 5671: 5633: 5621: 5609: 5574: 5539: 5521:. ReadHowYouWant.com, Limited. 5508: 5496: 5461: 5449: 5437: 5425: 5413: 5401: 5389: 5354: 5325: 5301: 5281: 5230: 5201: 5182: 5131: 5115: 5057: 5028: 5016: 5004: 4913: 4851: 4800: 4769: 4757: 4719: 4684: 4557: 4511: 4441: 4429:from the original on 4 May 2015 4405: 4379: 4268: 4205: 4176: 4152: 4126: 4104: 4079: 4051: 4025: 3997: 3983: 3835:] (in French). p. 194. 3503:Palestinian genocide accusation 2862:2005. As of January 2009, over 2828:cave of the Patriarchs massacre 2289:that was imposed following the 2280:Israel's attack on Gaza in 2009 1356:Israel–Hamas war (2023–present) 1147:Jordanian–Palestinian civil war 835:allowed by the British Mandate. 797:. In 1929, a series of violent 783:Jewish immigration to Palestine 677:For a chronological guide, see 452:Palestinian freedom of movement 360:in addition to 800-3500 in the 25036:Union of Arab Republics (1972) 24798:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz 22719:2023 hostage–prisoner exchange 22284:Nuseirat refugee camp massacre 22134:Israeli female tank crew fight 21883:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Israel 21179:Palestinian political violence 19276:Occupied Palestinian Territory 18447:McMahon–Hussein Correspondence 18263:Palestinian militancy campaign 16988:Sectarian violence in Pakistan 16913:Islamic State–Taliban conflict 16682:Ethnic violence in South Sudan 16607:Ethnic violence in South Sudan 16077:depopulated towns and villages 15862:Palestinian militancy campaign 14463:, on both sides of the border. 14392:. Cambridge University Press. 14352:. Princeton University Press. 13937:University of California Press 13330:"Q&A: Palestinian Embargo" 12693:Messerschmid, Clemens (2002). 12333:Hourani, Albert Habib (2010). 12296:"The Security Barrier (Fence)" 11863:Shavit, Ari (8 January 2004). 10879:. Taylor & Francis Group. 10479:"Preface to the Third Edition" 10415:University of California Press 9671:. New York: London: OR Books. 9597:Staff writers (18 July 2011). 7355:Pressman, Jeremy (Fall 2003). 7135:. pp. e-book section 38. 7065:University of California Press 6830:University of California Press 6365:International Court of Justice 6298:International Court of Justice 5546:Hourani, Albert Habib (2002). 4812:"'Born of War, Not By Design'" 4578:University of California Press 4171:Khatib, McKee & Yusuf 2024 3851:University of California Press 3839: 3820: 3767:Dumper, Michael (April 1997). 3760: 3717: 3691: 3647: 3260:Economic disputes and boycotts 3096:A demonstration in support of 2851:International Court of Justice 2790:Palestinian political violence 2776:Jews would not be maintained. 2186:Military Police Corps (Israel) 2071:International Court of Justice 2015:Occupied Palestinian territory 2002:which the Israeli legal group 1957:International Court of Justice 1623:assassination of Yitzhak Rabin 1425:International Court of Justice 1391:-led militant groups launched 1242:Palestinian National Authority 641:International Court of Justice 342:700,000 Palestinians displaced 280:Palestinian National Authority 177:Israel occupies the Gaza Strip 1: 24281:Central Archives of Gaza City 22800:Rescue of Qaid Farhan Al-Qadi 22683:2024 Israeli strikes on Yemen 22670:2024 missile strikes in Yemen 22657:Operation Prosperity Guardian 22606:Israeli incursions in Tulkarm 22557:Israel–Lebanon border clashes 22482:13 July 2024 al-Mawasi attack 22447:Engineer's Building airstrike 21868:Warsaw Middle East conference 21728:2024 Israeli strikes on Yemen 21635:July 2022 Damascus airstrikes 21630:January 2021 Syria airstrikes 21487:2024 Lebanon pager explosions 21472:2023 Israel–Lebanon shellings 18535:American trusteeship proposal 17604:Popular Resistance Committees 17237:Syrian–Turkish border clashes 17159:Iran–Israel conflict in Syria 16941:Insurgency in Northeast India 16737:Religious violence in Nigeria 16717:Communal conflicts in Nigeria 14544:: West Bank affiliate of the 14151:A History of Modern Palestine 14066:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01169-3 12336:A History of the Arab Peoples 11927:Scars of War, Wounds of Peace 11832:"Israel and the Palestinians" 11597:Honig-Parnass, Tikva (2011). 10212:Cohen, Gili (22 April 2016). 9554:Oster, Marcy (21 June 2010). 8642:Jacob, Aaron (18 June 2009). 8520:"Public Opinion Poll No (84)" 7954:Hoffman, Gil (4 March 2002). 7842:. 1 June 2006. Archived from 6965:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 6897:Scars of War, Wounds of Peace 6822:Christison, Kathleen (2000). 6634:. Columbia University Press. 5728:Levs, Josh (6 January 2009). 5584:Scars of War, Wounds of Peace 5549:A history of the Arab peoples 5035:Louis, William Roger (2006). 4694:Scars of War, Wounds of Peace 4424:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 3903:Small Wars & Insurgencies 3641: 3323:Palestinian casualties of war 3312: 3074:murder of 11 Israeli athletes 3028:With the construction of the 2483:Greater Jerusalem, May 2006. 2418: 1924:The Israeli government under 1755:Roadmap for Peace (2002–2003) 1311:Fatah–Hamas split (2006–2007) 565:respectively. Since the 1967 465:in Europe and the consequent 192:Israel occupies the West Bank 147:Egypt occupies the Gaza Strip 25336:Conflicts in the Middle East 25291:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 24981:Federation of Arab Republics 24941:Arab Socialist Union (Libya) 24931:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt) 24532:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 24480:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 23444:March on Washington for Gaza 23126:Violence against journalists 22579:Killing of Benjamin Achimeir 21595:April 2015 Qalamoun incident 21504:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 21447:2009 Hezbollah plot in Egypt 21221:Security Council resolutions 21174:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 19346:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 19141:Exodus from the Muslim world 19110:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 17050:Conflicts in the Philippines 16660:Jihadist insurgency in Niger 16364: 14718:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 12660:Hasson, Nir (30 June 2013). 12634:The New York Review of Books 12189:"From Occupation to Warfare" 11553:Journal of Palestine Studies 11315:Journal of Palestine Studies 11276:Journal of Palestine Studies 10840:, online 2008–, print 2011). 10340:The Making of Modern Zionism 7212:Arafat rejected the proposal 4779:Zionism and the Palestinians 4570:Journal of Palestine Studies 4315:. 9 May 2007. Archived from 3528:2021 Israel–Palestine crisis 3078:Black September Organization 2554:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 2411:overwhelmingly approved the 2218:Separation of the Gaza Strip 2021:Israeli-occupied territories 1944: 704:, 18 June 1936, caricatured 416:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 396:2021 Israel–Palestine crisis 163:Jordan annexes the West Bank 59:Israeli-occupied territories 38:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 7: 25366:Wars involving Palestinians 25316:Islam-related controversies 25106:Flag of the Arab Federation 24936:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq) 24926:Arab Socialist Action Party 23335:Killing of Wadea al-Fayoume 23308:Riots in the North Caucasus 23045:Israeli government response 22419:Nasser Hospital mass graves 21335:1999 arrest of Iranian Jews 20515:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 19613:Foreign relations of Israel 19096:Declaration of Independence 18132:Palestinian suicide attacks 17291:Russian invasion of Ukraine 17200:DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey 17195:Maoist insurgency in Turkey 16793:Jamaican political conflict 16744:Conflict in the Niger Delta 15738:Palestinian suicide attacks 15684:Palestinian suicide attacks 13726:"The Humanitarian Monitor." 10995:Peled, Alisa Rubin (2001). 10854:. Routledge. p. xiii. 8993:, De-development Completed. 7671:United States Naval Academy 7665:September 22, 2013, at the 6751:Quandt, William B. (2005). 5468:Kimmerling, Baruch (2003). 4782:. Croom Helm. p. 259. 4216:(4th ed.). Cambridge: 3796:Garfinkle, Adam M. (2000). 3495: 3124:to crack down on suspected 2824:Palestinian suicide bombers 2620:Palestinian right of return 2298:. Israeli Defense Minister 2172:took charge of most of the 2065:, since 1967 following the 1843:The Arab Peace Initiative ( 1811:United States Naval Academy 1409:large-scale ground invasion 1368:in Gaza and southern Israel 1256:Second Intifada (2000–2005) 1250:Israeli far-right extremist 1060:its own reprisal operations 853:Jewish Supernumerary Police 583:longest military occupation 456:Palestinian right of return 10: 25392: 25351:Ethnicity-based civil wars 25077:On the Way of Resurrection 25070:The Battle for One Destiny 25001:Lebanese National Movement 24442:Third International Theory 23067:Environment impact in Gaza 23006:Palestinian tunnel warfare 23001:Palestinian rocket attacks 22945:Blockade of the Gaza Strip 22884:Effect on children in Gaza 22442:Attacks on religious sites 22404:Kamal Adwan Hospital siege 21713:2022 Erbil missile attacks 21693:2012 Cyprus terrorist plot 21482:2024 Haret Hreik airstrike 21309:Iran–Israel proxy conflict 21267:Foreign relations of Hamas 18988:Timeline of Jewish history 18708:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum 18696:Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement 18690:Israel–Jordan peace treaty 18622:Palestinian autonomy talks 17276:Georgian–Ossetian conflict 17166:Kurdish separatism in Iran 17144:Iran–Israel proxy conflict 17093:Georgian–Ossetian conflict 16951:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency 16834:Ecuadorian security crisis 16766:Western Togoland Rebellion 16677:Sudanese nomadic conflicts 16225:Valley of Peace initiative 16168:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum 15850:Jerusalem bulldozer attack 15726:Palestinian rocket attacks 14789:All-Palestine Protectorate 14502:Conflict resolution groups 14472:Middle East Policy Council 14227:W. W. Norton & Company 14156:Cambridge University Press 14128:Cambridge University Press 11431:Cambridge University Press 10129:. Transaction Publishers. 8619:Cambridge University Press 8586:(2004). Lacey, Ian (ed.). 7376:10.1162/016228803322761955 5873:W. W. Norton & Company 4869:Cambridge University Press 4218:Cambridge University Press 3880:10.1177/030639688302400404 3564:Israel–Palestine relations 3316: 3263: 3111:1930s revolts in Palestine 3016:Israel's West Bank barrier 2992: 2892: 2885:Bank supporters of Hamas. 2857:Since 2001, the threat of 2783: 2734:Resolution 242 from the UN 2636:Palestinian refugees, 1948 2617: 2464: 2458: 2359: 2291:Hamas led attack on Israel 2264:Blockade of the Gaza Strip 2261: 2258:Blockade of the Gaza Strip 2224:Blockade of the Gaza Strip 2221: 2183: 2096: 2018: 1983:. A further report titled 1948: 1836: 1758: 1728: 1691: 1637: 1557: 1501: 1330:blockade on the Gaza Strip 1259: 1216: 1213:First Intifada (1987–1993) 1179: 1156: 1090: 1079:was granted a seat in the 1047: 1005: 974:, under the leadership of 946: 816: 683: 676: 670: 666: 629:blockade of the Gaza Strip 615:and a just resolution for 541:by Israeli forces. By the 253:All-Palestine Protectorate 154:All-Palestine Protectorate 25: 18: 25356:Religion-based civil wars 25220: 25129: 25086: 25054: 25031:Unified Political Command 24921:Arab Nationalist Movement 24866: 24818:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi 24678: 24647: 24614:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 24485:1979 Khuzestan insurgency 24450: 24414: 24356: 24293:From the river to the sea 24259:Al Qarara Cultural Museum 24239: 24199: 24158: 24149: 24124: 24086: 24030: 23865: 23842: 23756: 23749: 23694: 23633: 23626: 23617: 23591: 23553: 23530: 23489: 23417:Humanitarian aid blockade 23360: 23295: 23272: 23239:Islamic Summit Conference 23030: 22864: 22834: 22808: 22770: 22744: 22707: 22647: 22629:Iranian strikes in Israel 22614: 22540: 22508:Bombing of the Gaza Strip 22495: 22429: 22409:Killing of health workers 22365: 22312: 22233: 22189: 22142: 22106: 22028: 22015: 22004: 21986: 21930: 21898:Iranian support for Hamas 21823: 21736: 21718:2022 Istanbul terror plot 21666:Operation Outside the Box 21658: 21565: 21530: 21522:Operation Full Disclosure 21502: 21462:Operation Northern Shield 21393:Israeli–Lebanese conflict 21385:Hezbollah–Israel conflict 21383: 21370:Iranian strikes in Israel 21345:2024 Iran–Israel conflict 21343: 21315: 21230: 21194: 21166: 21145: 20964: 20771: 20690: 20679: 20580: 20520:International recognition 20448:Alliance of the periphery 20440: 20397: 20371: 20310: 20124: 19897: 19799: 19788: 19619: 19282: 19174: 19165: 19081: 19072: 18950: 18924: 18822: 18665: 18618:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 18543: 18475:Faisal–Weizmann agreement 18432: 18393: 18166: 18029: 17874: 17832: 17794: 17769: 17748: 17692: 17622: 17509:al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades 17491: 17484: 17414: 17366: 17301: 17263: 17256: 17154:Hezbollah–Israel conflict 17080: 17072:South Thailand insurgency 17038:Conflict in Rakhine State 16998: 16900: 16884: 16868: 16861: 16821: 16803:Salvadoran gang crackdown 16785: 16778: 16709: 16645:Insurgency in the Maghreb 16632: 16567: 16497: 16490: 16450: 16445:Links to related articles 16370: 16359: 16281: 16248: 16176: 16111: 16063: 16052: 16041: 15897: 15840:"Bringing Home the Goods" 15820: 15709: 15648: 15570: 15501:Avivim school bus bombing 15479: 15384: 15308: 15304: 15280: 15099: 14941: 14937: 14926: 14897: 14817: 14781: 14772: 14739: 14735: 14724: 14636:Exchange of friendly fire 14300:Watson, Geoffrey (2020). 13909:Stanford University Press 13268:Christian Science Monitor 12948:Columbia University Press 12901:Gelvin, James L. (2005). 12401:Stanford University Press 12220:Quigley, John B. (2005). 12197:Stanford University Press 11959:Quigley, John B. (2005). 11865:"Survival of the Fittest" 10918:Golden, Jonathan (2004). 9560:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 9384:Amnesty International USA 8649:American Jewish Committee 8611:Byron, Christine (2013). 8209:. Oneworld Publications. 5678:Quigley, John B. (2005). 5369:Stanford University Press 5148:English Historical Review 5138:Hughes, Matthew (2009a). 4481:. Oneworld Publications. 4212:Gelvin, James L. (2021). 3944:. pp. 56–68, p. 56. 3915:10.1080/09592310500080005 3833:The Question of Palestine 3773:Columbia University Press 3574:Israeli–Lebanese conflict 3477:explosive remnants of war 3344:This article needs to be 3319:Israeli casualties of war 2915:which continue under the 2780:Israeli security concerns 2603:) over the Temple Mount. 2580:(right) in the background 2315:Military Advocate General 1717:at the end of September. 1703:Israeli West Bank barrier 1611:Declaration of Principles 1554:Oslo Accords (1993, 1995) 953:On 29 November 1947, the 380:2006 Gaza–Israel conflict 338: 325: 221: 75: 50: 42: 37: 24539:1952 Egyptian revolution 23345:Vermont student shooting 23264:2024 Beijing Declaration 23116:Israeli public diplomacy 22989:Israeli settler violence 21610:Operation House of Cards 21252:Recognition of statehood 19510:(PNA–administered) 19213:Hof Aza Regional Council 19003:Modern Jewish settlement 18657:Israel–Lebanon agreement 18469:Anglo-French Declaration 18465:Declaration to the Seven 18038:Misgav Am hostage crisis 16732:Nigerian bandit conflict 16612:Insurgency in Mozambique 16580:Ethiopian civil conflict 16540:Western DR Congo clashes 16420:Timeline of anti-Zionism 15941:Egypt–Gaza border breach 15846:Jerusalem yeshiva attack 15558:Misgav Am hostage crisis 14582:monitoring mideast media 13731:16 February 2008 at the 13092:Indiana University Press 13086:Davis, Rochelle (2013). 12520:"Q&A: Gaza conflict" 12341:Harvard University Press 12170:28 November 2007 at the 12083:Ben-Ami, Shlomo (2022). 11924:Ben-Ami, Shlomo (2007). 11663:Kassim, Anis F. (2002). 11634:Schmidt, Yvonne (2008). 10850:Reiter, Yitzhak (2017). 10702:5 September 2014 at the 10570:Ben-Ami, Shlomo (2022). 10367:Ben-Ami, Shlomo (2022). 10334:Avineri, Shlomo (2017). 10014:2 September 2022 at the 8272:19 July 2023 pp.6,73,79. 7312:Ben-Ami, Shlomo (2022). 7282:New York Review of Books 7230:New York Review of Books 7125:Ben-Ami, Shlomo (2022). 6894:Ben-Ami, Shlomo (2007). 6825:Perceptions of Palestine 5581:Ben-Ami, Shlomo (2006). 5554:Harvard University Press 5274:19 December 2013 at the 5208:Levenberg, Haim (1993). 4691:Ben-Ami, Shlomo (2006). 4681:, The Arrival of Zionism 4610:10.1525/jps.2008.37.2.23 4586:10.1525/jps.2008.37.2.23 3928:Nasrallah, Nami (2013). 3829:La Question de Palestine 3749:UNRWA put the figure at 3620: 3252:The PLO's objective for 3126:Israeli security service 2049:Israel has occupied the 1856:Abdullah of Saudi Arabia 1634:Camp David Summit (2000) 1429:1948 Genocide Convention 1068:All-Palestine Government 1038:All-Palestine Government 885: 849:Jewish Settlement Police 841:Sheikh Izaddin al-Qassam 829:Arab revolt of 1936–1939 779:Jewish national movement 759: 183:Unilateral disengagement 25331:Palestinian nationalism 25192:Palestinian nationalism 25111:Flag of the Arab Revolt 24604:1966 Syrian coup d'état 24584:1963 Syrian coup d'état 24564:1961 Syrian coup d'état 24068:Mushtaq Talib Al-Saeedi 22634:Israeli strikes on Iran 22382:Al-Shifa Hospital siege 22150:Allegations of genocide 21815:2023 Iran drone attacks 21738:Nuclear program of Iran 21698:2012 Burgas bus bombing 21659:International incidents 21640:2023 Damascus airstrike 21467:2019 Beirut drone crash 21375:Israeli strikes on Iran 19423:Palestinian territories 19272:Palestinian nationalism 18349:Israel–Palestine crisis 18200:Bringing Home the Goods 17539:Guardians of the Cedars 16808:Honduran gang crackdown 16699:Western Saharan clashes 16694:Western Sahara conflict 16650:Insurgency in the Sahel 16484:Ongoing armed conflicts 16005:"Guardian of the Walls" 15879:Israel–Palestine crisis 14540:15 October 2006 at the 14308:Oxford University Press 14283:Oxford University Press 14278:Mythologies Without End 14201:. New York: Continuum. 13069:Itineraries in Conflict 13067:Stein, Rebecca (2008). 12093:Oxford University Press 11932:Oxford University Press 11080:Dajani Daoudi, Mohammed 10838:Oxford University Press 10580:Oxford University Press 10375:Oxford University Press 8558:Haaretz 24 October 2006 7320:Oxford University Press 7133:Oxford University Press 7028:. pp. Chapter 10. 6902:Oxford University Press 6672:Oxford University Press 5589:Oxford University Press 4699:Oxford University Press 4419:Encyclopædia Britannica 4189:Oxford University Press 4004:Lappin, Yaakov (2009). 3217:, controlled by Israel 2628:1948 Palestinian exodus 2180:Israeli Military Police 2118:, which is home to the 2051:Palestinian territories 2025:West Bank § Status 1489:Israeli prime minister 1372:After the 2014 war and 976:Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni 864:inter-communal conflict 645:Palestinian territories 571:Palestinian territories 25311:21st-century conflicts 25306:20th-century conflicts 25296:Anti-Israeli sentiment 24619:1969 Libyan revolution 24497:1941 Iraqi coup d'état 23898:Nahida and Samar Anton 23562:South Africa v. Israel 23077:Gaza Strip evacuations 22904:Israeli interrogations 22562:Attacks on journalists 22399:Gaza Strip mass graves 22299:Deir el-Balah (August) 22176:Screams Before Silence 22098:Psyduck music festival 21836:Russia–Hamas relations 21398:South Lebanon conflict 21243:Diplomatic missions of 21195:Multilateral relations 20992:Bosnia and Herzegovina 19202:Judea and Samaria Area 19153:Agriculture technology 18766:Sharm El Sheikh Summit 18686:Gaza–Jericho Agreement 18568:Tripartite Declaration 18191:Ain es Saheb airstrike 18072:South Lebanon conflict 17130:Saudi–led intervention 16958:Insurgency in Pakistan 16839:Insurgency in Paraguay 16144:Gaza–Jericho Agreement 15923:Gaza cross-border raid 15794:Ain es Saheb airstrike 15750:Israeli assassinations 15552:South Lebanon conflict 15526:Kiryat Shmona massacre 13993:Henry Holt and Company 13927:Finkelstein, Norman G. 13901:Baconi, Tareq (2018). 13874:. 2009. Archived from 13783:1 January 2011 at the 12970:. 2012. Archived from 12629:"Our Man in Palestine" 12435:. New York: OR Books. 12429:Finkelstein, Norman G. 12391:Erakat, Noura (2019). 12223:The Case for Palestine 12187:Erakat, Noura (2019). 12089:Prophets Without Honor 11962:The Case for Palestine 11897:Finkelstein, Norman G. 11793:Morris, Benny (2001). 11349:Morris, Benny (2001). 10576:Prophets Without Honor 10403:Finkelstein, Norman G. 10370:Prophets Without Honor 9950:2013, pp. 12, 222–224. 9665:Finkelstein, Norman G. 9403:14 August 2014 at the 7364:International Security 7315:Prophets Without Honor 7128:Prophets Without Honor 7067:. pp. Chapter 2. 7055:Finkelstein, Norman G. 6122:. UN. 21 August 2023. 5681:The Case for Palestine 5361:Erakat, Noura (2019). 4943: 4808:Finkelstein, Norman G. 4776:Flapan, Simha (1979). 4064:UN Human Rights Office 4035:. 2009. Archived from 3535:, post-1967 peace plan 3396:Sabra-Shatila Massacre 3383: 3222: 3105: 3067:hostage-rescue mission 3025: 2942: 2930: 2811: 2768: 2713: 2637: 2581: 2491: 2395: 2352: 2281: 2203: 2134: 2122: 2046: 2029:Positions on Jerusalem 1907:the elected government 1802: 1786: 1709: 1694:The Clinton Parameters 1660: 1640:2000 Camp David Summit 1593: 1546:obligations under the 1369: 1271: 1246:Rabin was assassinated 1122: 1021: 998:of Palestinian Arabs. 910: 836: 754:Paris Peace Conference 709: 526:in 1947, triggering a 512:intercommunal conflict 362:Sabra-Shatila massacre 25361:Wars involving Israel 25301:Arab–Israeli conflict 25177:Jordanian nationalism 24911:Arab Islamic Republic 24906:Arab Higher Committee 24783:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani 24763:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 24574:North Yemen civil war 24507:Arab–Israeli conflict 24186:Inbal Rabin-Lieberman 24171:Rachel Goldberg-Polin 23564:(Genocide Convention) 23340:Death of Paul Kessler 23287:UK support for Israel 23282:US support for Israel 23207:Calls for a ceasefire 23099:Premature baby crisis 22935:Arab–Israeli conflict 22778:Operation Golden Hand 22725:Kidnapped from Israel 22601:Tower 22 drone attack 22503:AI-assisted targeting 22414:Nasser Hospital siege 22304:Al-Mawasi (September) 21858:Arab–Israeli alliance 21771:Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan 21756:Massoud Ali-Mohammadi 21686:2012 Bangkok bombings 21671:2009 Sudan airstrikes 21650:Hezbollah involvement 20422:Arab–Israeli alliance 20417:Arab–Israeli conflict 19471:Jerusalem Governorate 19299:Palestinian Authority 19123:Arab–Israeli alliance 19106:Arab–Israeli conflict 18964:History of the Levant 18814:John Kerry Parameters 18487:Churchill White Paper 18453:Sykes–Picot Agreement 18009:Coastal Road massacre 17630:Arab Higher Committee 17519:Arab Liberation Front 17462:Palestinian Authority 17360:Arab–Israeli conflict 16918:Republican insurgency 16722:Boko Haram insurgency 15822:Palestinian dissident 15678:Temple Mount killings 15548:Coastal Road massacre 15234:Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi 14809:Palestinian Authority 14749:Israel Defense Forces 14591:17 March 2019 at the 14513:Seeking Common Ground 14179:The Experiment, LLC. 13073:Duke University Press 12228:Duke University Press 11967:Duke University Press 11622:as a Jewish state."19 11433:. pp. 109, 519. 10666:Avraham Sela (2002). 10477:Roy, Sara M. (2016). 8956:Amnesty International 8893:www.timesofisrael.com 8710:Amnesty International 8680:Amnesty International 8406:on 15 February 2020. 8235:Amnesty International 8182:Amnesty International 8149:Amnesty International 6664:Yaniv, Avner (1987). 6631:The Palestinian Hamas 5764:Amnesty International 5686:Duke University Press 5191:A Survey of Palestine 5075:Yale University Press 4935: 4656:Bloomsbury Publishing 4363:Yale University Press 4246:A History of Conflict 3370: 3213: 3130:Palestinian Authority 3095: 3023: 2955:Joint Water Committee 2936: 2925: 2893:Further information: 2801: 2759: 2704: 2635: 2567: 2482: 2373: 2350:2023 Israel–Hamas war 2347: 2320:collective punishment 2279: 2208:Amnesty International 2193: 2128: 2106: 2053:, which comprise the 2040: 1989:Amnesty International 1883:Palestinian Authority 1849:مبادرة السلام العربية 1839:Arab Peace Initiative 1800: 1785:, Jordan, 4 June 2003 1768: 1701: 1647: 1567: 1550:was, at best, mixed. 1363: 1326:Battle of Gaza (2007) 1284:Israel Defense Forces 1269: 1195:Coastal Road massacre 1141:, which included the 1100: 1030:1948 Arab–Israeli War 1015: 1008:1948 Arab–Israeli War 1002:1948 Arab–Israeli War 893: 826: 813:1936–1939 Arab revolt 693: 684:Further information: 539:fled or were expelled 506:was established as a 352:1948 Arab–Israeli War 326:Casualties and losses 152:Establishment of the 45:Arab–Israeli conflict 28:Arab–Israeli conflict 25346:Insurgencies in Asia 25212:Tunisian nationalism 25182:Lebanese nationalism 25142:Egyptian nationalism 25137:Algerian nationalism 25041:United Arab Republic 24916:Arab Liberation Army 24896:Arab Ba'ath Movement 24753:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 24227:Mustafa Moien Ayyash 24073:Mohammad Reza Zahedi 23570:Nicaragua v. Germany 23479:2024 Faizabad sit-in 23212:Three-phase proposal 22962:Gaza–Israel conflict 22847:Hersh Goldberg-Polin 22616:Iran–Israel conflict 22591:Givat Shaul shooting 22387:alleged military use 22274:Tel al-Sultan attack 22029:Attacks on civilians 21810:2021 Natanz incident 21805:2020 Iran explosions 21751:Ardeshir Hosseinpour 21540:Gaza War (2008–2009) 21532:Gaza–Israel conflict 21212:Non-Aligned Movement 21184:Fatah–Hamas conflict 20946:United Arab Emirates 20499:Diplomatic missions 20478:United Arab Emirates 20106:United Arab Emirates 19119:Iran–Israel conflict 18796:Annapolis Conference 18790:UNSC Resolution 1701 18780:UNSC Resolution 1850 18762:UNSC Resolution 1583 18756:UNSC Resolution 1566 18752:UNSC Resolution 1559 18702:Wye River Memorandum 18558:Armistice agreements 18315:Gaza border protests 18237:Gaza–Israel conflict 17949:Lod Airport massacre 17782:United Arab Republic 17725:United Arab Emirates 17635:Arab Liberation Army 17232:Russian intervention 17222:Inter-rebel conflict 17176:Western Iran clashes 17149:Gaza–Israel conflict 16334:Nicaragua v. Germany 16294:Palestine and the UN 16231:Annapolis Conference 16162:Wye River Memorandum 15985:Gaza border protests 15979:Freedom Flotilla III 15935:Beit Hanoun shelling 15919:Gaza beach explosion 15636:Night of the Gliders 15224:Izz ad-Din al-Qassam 14021:Simon & Schuster 13878:on 26 September 2010 13829:Norman Finkelstein. 13806:. 9 September 2009. 13669:www.war-memorial.net 13555:"Data on casualties" 13240:, Volume 3. p. 1228. 13116:Agence France-Presse 12592:. 28 February 2008. 12431:(2012). "Appendix". 11251:. 18 February 2003. 9869:. 29 November 2012. 9839:. 31 December 2014. 9531:. Associated Press. 9360:Israel Defense Force 8959:. 27 February 2014. 8927:. 27 February 2014. 8288:24 July 2024 at the 8265:23 July 2024 at the 8237:. 19 February 2024. 8089:20 July 2024 at the 7818:on 25 December 2008. 7777:. 28 February 2002. 7713:. 12 November 2015. 7422:The Washington Times 7265:, pp. 7, 15–19. 6959:Dennis Ross (2005). 6667:Dilemmas of Security 6301:. 29 December 2023. 6006:. 20 November 2012. 5976:. 24 December 2012. 5178:on 21 February 2016. 4529:Taylor & Francis 4280:Government of Canada 4183:Waxman, Dov (2019). 3735:Simon & Schuster 3549:Gaza–Israel conflict 3172:improve this section 3065:culminated during a 2976:Future and financing 2907:In the Middle East, 2773:Palestinian Diaspora 2763:on the outskirts of 2761:Shatila refugee camp 2614:Palestinian refugees 2326:rights organization 2228:Gaza War (2008–2009) 2174:Civil Administration 2129:Israeli settlers in 1991:on 1 February 2022. 1971:released its report 1919:another with Bahrain 1548:Wye River Memorandum 1538:Wye River Memorandum 1127:1967 Arab-Israel War 1072:United Arab Republic 1056:Palestinian Fedayeen 972:Army of the Holy War 968:Arab Liberation Army 857:Special Night Squads 639:. In July 2024, the 617:Palestinian refugees 384:Gaza War (2008–2009) 334:44,321–56,207 killed 123:Gaza–Israel conflict 25321:Israeli irredentism 25202:Sahrawi nationalism 24559:1959 Mosul uprising 24492:Great Syrian Revolt 23873:Tawfic Abdel Jabbar 23405:2023 Bitung clashes 23370:University campuses 23315:Anti-Palestinianism 23094:Healthcare collapse 23084:Humanitarian crisis 23050:Israeli war cabinet 23011:anti-tunnel barrier 22596:Majdal Shams attack 22552:Lehi Street bombing 22477:9 July 2024 attacks 22392:ambulance airstrike 22093:Nova music festival 21795:Bid Kaneh explosion 19531:Legislative Council 19466:Status of Jerusalem 19223:Status of Jerusalem 19182:Israeli settlements 19129:Society and economy 19063:Mandatory Palestine 19055:Balfour Declaration 18639:UNSC Resolution 497 18633:UNSC Resolution 478 18627:UNSC Resolution 452 18614:UNSC Resolution 446 18604:UNSC Resolution 425 18598:UNSC Resolution 350 18588:UNSC Resolution 339 18584:UNSC Resolution 338 18574:Khartoum Resolution 18562:Lausanne Conference 18511:Morrison–Grady Plan 18481:San Remo conference 18459:Balfour Declaration 18331:Gaza–Israel clashes 18323:Gaza–Israel clashes 18098:Mothers' Bus attack 17675:Revolutionary Cells 17286:Russo-Ukrainian War 16983:Insurgency in Sindh 16963:Insurgency in Sindh 16640:Insurgency in Egypt 16585:Afar–Somali clashes 16415:Racism in Palestine 16393:Criticism of Israel 16375:Anti-Palestinianism 16201:Quartet established 16085:Lausanne Conference 15967:"Pillar of Defense" 15873:Temple Mount crisis 15808:"Days of Penitence" 15592:Zion Square bombing 15425:Reprisal operations 15413:Fedayeen insurgency 15294:military operations 15061:Amnon Lipkin-Shahak 14519:Human rights groups 13187:on 2 September 2011 12977:on 4 September 2015 12919:. 11 October 2023. 12737:on 25 November 2002 12707:on 17 December 2008 12560:. 21 January 2008. 12528:. 18 January 2009. 12260:. 29 January 2007. 11548:Masalha, Nur-eldeen 11092:. pp. 26, 37. 10157:. 30 January 2012. 9609:on 10 December 2012 9466:. 17 October 2012. 9367:on 16 January 2012. 9286:, pp. 352–359. 9229:. 18 October 2023. 8831:The Times of Israel 8742:. 2 February 2023. 8712:. 30 January 2019. 8682:. 30 January 2019. 8656:on 22 November 2010 8472:10.1093/icon/mol021 8203:Avi Shlaim (2023). 8184:. 13 September 2023 6506:The Times of Israel 6441:The Times of Israel 6334:. 26 January 2024. 6239:. 31 October 2023. 6219:. 17 November 2023. 6085:The Washington Post 6038:. 16 October 2023. 5766:. 19 January 2009. 5552:. Belknap Press of 4732:The Palestine Nakba 4652:The Palestine Nakba 4286:on 18 February 2018 3688:, pp. 602–604. 3663:. 25 January 2012. 3461:Operation Cast Lead 3294:grew 6.8% in 2009. 3292:Palestinian economy 3076:carried out by the 2989:Agricultural rights 2624:Palestinian refugee 2608:Western Wall Tunnel 2522:Abrahamic religions 2461:Status of Jerusalem 2455:Status of Jerusalem 2448:Israeli settlements 2409:UN General Assembly 2407:, in late 2012 the 2287:total siege of Gaza 2272:Structural violence 2251:Operation Cast Lead 2093:Israeli settlements 2075:Israeli settlements 1973:A Threshold Crossed 1815:Annapolis, Maryland 1240:, establishing the 1153:1973 Yom Kippur War 929:Holocaust survivors 907:Mandatory Palestine 880:White Paper of 1939 750:Balfour Declaration 557:were controlled by 533:During the ensuing 504:Mandatory Palestine 480:Balfour Declaration 444:Israeli settlements 440:status of Jerusalem 428:Mandatory Palestine 199:Israeli settlements 63:United Nations OCHA 25326:Jewish nationalism 25207:Syrian nationalism 25187:Libyan nationalism 25147:Greater Mauritania 25063:The Arab Awakening 25046:United Arab States 25021:Rejectionist Front 24828:Gamal Abdel Nasser 24639:Yemeni unification 24629:Lebanese Civil War 24609:17 July Revolution 24579:Ramadan Revolution 24554:14 July Revolution 24249:Ahmed Abdel Khalek 23998:Rashad Abu Sakhila 23878:Majed Abu Maraheel 23774:Abdul Fatah Dukhan 23646:Yitzhak Ben-Bashat 23109:Societal breakdown 23089:Gaza floating pier 22979:Israeli settlement 22928:Historical context 22788:Nuseirat operation 22662:Attacks on the MV 22327:Shadia Abu Ghazala 22314:Attacks on schools 21853:Axis of Resistance 21848:Ahmad Reza Djalali 21776:Mohsen Fakhrizadeh 21325:Iranian Revolution 20453:Camp David Accords 19294:State of Palestine 18936:Independent Israel 18784:Quartet Principles 18718:Clinton Parameters 18608:Camp David Accords 17991:Savoy Hotel attack 17841:1948 Palestine war 17680:South Lebanon Army 17569:Muslim Brotherhood 17171:Iran–PJAK conflict 17033:Karen–Mon conflict 16829:Colombian conflict 16622:Operation Atalanta 16525:Insurgency in Chad 16388:Criticism of Hamas 16341:Israeli occupation 16240:Israel controversy 16189:Clinton Parameters 16148:1994–present  16091:Israeli settlement 16089:1967–present  16017:"Shield and Arrow" 15957:Gaza flotilla raid 15867:2015–2016 violence 15776:"Defensive Shield" 15536:Savoy Hotel attack 15519:Lillehammer affair 15411:1948–present  15239:Ali Hassan Salameh 15036:Benjamin Netanyahu 14898:Third-party groups 14386:Gross, A. (2017). 14346:Roy, Sara (2013). 13751:The Jerusalem Post 13525:The Jerusalem Post 13493:The Jerusalem Post 13461:The Jerusalem Post 13429:The Jerusalem Post 13397:The Jerusalem Post 13365:The Jerusalem Post 13212:The Jerusalem Post 13044:. 8 October 2013. 13006:. pp. 37–61. 12825:on 16 January 2013 12494:Human Rights Watch 12321:Scott-Baumann 2023 12302:on 12 October 2017 12000:The New York Times 11844:on 21 October 2012 11729:on 20 October 2014 11703:on 25 October 2014 11465:on 29 January 2014 11459:"Arab–Israeli War" 11310:Khalidi, Rashid I. 11224:Scott-Baumann 2023 11132:on 11 October 2007 11032:Al Arabiya English 10793:on 12 October 2017 10708:www.knesset.gov.il 10656:, pp. 491–498 10637:Scott-Baumann 2023 10066:The Jerusalem Post 10034:The Jerusalem Post 9948:Palgrave Macmillan 9740:The Jerusalem Post 9328:The Jerusalem Post 9227:Human Rights Watch 9199:. 9 October 2023. 9167:. 9 October 2023. 8451:Barak-Erez, Daphne 8281:Ghousoon Bisharat, 7968:on 3 February 2004 7961:The Jerusalem Post 7899:. 6 October 2020. 7896:The Jerusalem Post 7871:on 17 January 2009 7774:The New York Times 7514:The New York Times 7089:Kimmerling, Baruch 6602:. 3 February 2024. 6582:. 4 February 2024. 6541:. 28 January 2024. 6367:. 26 January 2024. 6332:The New York Times 5974:Human Rights Watch 5943:The Jerusalem Post 5828:The New York Times 5795:Human Rights Watch 5161:10.1093/ehr/cep002 4992:on 2 December 2012 4011:The Jerusalem Post 3874:(4): 340–3. 1983. 3452:The Israeli-based 3415:6,407 Palestinians 3384: 3376:Palestinian deaths 3223: 3219:under Oslo Accords 3106: 3082:1972 Olympic Games 3061:Flight 139 by the 3030:separation barrier 3026: 2943: 2931: 2812: 2769: 2751:Norman Finkelstein 2730:UN Resolution 3236 2714: 2638: 2582: 2550:Jesus' crucifixion 2520:The three largest 2492: 2396: 2380:State of Palestine 2353: 2335:Gaza flotilla raid 2282: 2204: 2135: 2123: 2099:Israeli settlement 2083:Palestinian people 2047: 1981:crime of apartheid 1969:Human Rights Watch 1965:crime of apartheid 1955:In July 2024, the 1934:Benjamin Netanyahu 1868:Road Map for Peace 1821:and implement the 1803: 1787: 1761:Road map for peace 1725:Taba Summit (2001) 1710: 1678:George J. Mitchell 1661: 1594: 1405:aerial bombardment 1370: 1346:State of Palestine 1321:economic sanctions 1300:Human Rights Watch 1272: 1203:South Lebanon Army 1191:Lebanese Civil War 1123: 1119:Israeli occupation 1022: 959:Resolution 181(II) 920:Palestine Regiment 911: 837: 833:Jewish immigration 710: 609:two-state solution 535:1948 Palestine war 492:British occupation 424:self-determination 331:9,694–9,763 killed 25244: 25243: 25238: 25237: 25167:Iraqi nationalism 24858:Constantin Zureiq 24708:Abdul Rahman Arif 24688:Butrus al-Bustani 24374: 24373: 24265:All Eyes on Rafah 24235: 24234: 24145: 24144: 24048:Waibhav Anil Kale 24043:Ali Hussein Barji 24026: 24025: 23973:Yazan al-Kafarneh 23923:David Ben Avraham 23852:Fouad Abu Butihan 23779:Mohammed Dababish 23745: 23744: 23686:Yonatan Steinberg 23613: 23612: 23609: 23608: 23434:Artists4Ceasefire 23325:Violent incidents 23229:University donors 23224:Diplomatic impact 23026: 23025: 22955:Israeli apartheid 22860: 22859: 22835:Deceased hostages 22809:Released hostages 22703: 22702: 22699: 22698: 22536: 22535: 22369:health facilities 22185: 22184: 21946: 21945: 21275: 21274: 20533: 20532: 19662:Equatorial Guinea 19572: 19571: 19567: 19566: 19541:Political parties 19521:Foreign relations 19238: 19237: 19233: 19232: 19229: 19228: 19191:International law 19159: 19158: 19145:Development towns 19125: 19092:UN Partition Plan 19028: 19027: 19016:Culture of Israel 19008:History of Israel 18981:The Jewish people 18880: 18879: 18876: 18875: 18746:Geneva Initiative 18714:Camp David Summit 18674:Madrid Conference 18651:Reagan peace plan 18624: 18529:UN Partition Plan 18523:London Conference 18505:London Conference 18441:Damascus Protocol 18389: 18388: 18290:Pillar of Defense 17941:Sabena Flight 571 17907:Battle of Karameh 17826:Armed engagements 17790: 17789: 17688: 17687: 17660:Japanese Red Army 17415:Primary countries 17326: 17325: 17322: 17321: 17271:Abkhazia conflict 17252: 17251: 17088:Abkhazia conflict 17043:Rohingya conflict 17013:Myanmar civil war 16892:Xinjiang conflict 16857: 16856: 16844:Peruvian conflict 16813:Gang war in Haiti 16774: 16773: 16510:Anglophone Crisis 16437: 16436: 16433: 16432: 16355: 16354: 16351: 16350: 16321:Wall construction 16312:UN Resolution 242 16306:UN Resolution 194 16300:UN Resolution 181 16289:Israel and the UN 16277: 16276: 16185:Camp David Summit 16126:Madrid Conference 16101:international law 16037: 16036: 16033: 16032: 16029: 16028: 15973:"Protective Edge" 15893: 15892: 15816: 15815: 15788:"Determined Path" 15705: 15704: 15644: 15643: 15566: 15565: 15507:Sabena Flight 571 15475: 15474: 15465:Battle of Karameh 15423:1950s–1960s  15380: 15379: 15366:Jewish insurgency 15333:Battle of Tel Hai 15276: 15275: 15272: 15271: 15031:Yitzhak Mordechai 14922: 14921: 14918: 14917: 14893: 14892: 14880:Sabireen Movement 14764:Shabak (Shin Bet) 14399:978-1-107-14596-2 14378:978-1-68219-114-9 14359:978-1-4008-4894-2 14338:978-1-68219-619-9 14292:978-0-19-045908-6 14264:978-0-14-103322-8 14236:978-0-393-32112-8 14208:978-0-8264-1413-7 14186:978-1-61519-951-8 14165:978-1-108-24416-9 14137:978-0-521-00967-6 14109:978-0-679-74475-7 14095:Righteous Victims 14030:978-0-86154-899-6 14002:978-1-62779-854-9 13974:978-0-8070-4475-9 13946:978-0-520-24989-9 13918:978-0-8047-9741-2 13842:978-0-520-96838-7 13776:Mor, Avi, et al. 12490:Rockets from Gaza 12442:978-1-935928-77-5 12410:978-1-5036-0883-2 12350:978-0-674-01017-8 12237:978-0-8223-3539-9 12206:978-1-5036-1357-7 12102:978-0-19-006047-3 12054:978-0-89608-601-2 11976:978-0-8223-3539-9 11941:978-0-19-532542-3 11910:978-1-935928-77-5 11814:978-0-679-74475-7 11678:978-3-638-94450-2 11645:978-3-638-94450-2 11612:978-1-60846-130-1 11545:See for example, 11532:978-1-85168-467-0 11498:978-0-9815131-3-3 11440:978-0-521-83130-7 11408:978-0-88728-235-5 11370:978-0-679-74475-7 11151:Nations, United. 11099:978-0-203-83939-3 11035:. 27 March 2008. 10933:978-0-7591-0342-9 10679:978-0-8264-1413-7 10589:978-0-19-006047-3 10556:978-1-68219-114-9 10531:978-1-4587-8155-0 10492:978-0-88728-260-7 10460:978-1-68219-619-9 10424:978-0-520-29571-1 10384:978-0-19-006047-3 10353:978-0-465-09479-0 10320:978-1-68219-114-9 10189:. 25 April 2016. 10136:978-1-4128-4653-0 10092:Algemeiner, The. 9678:978-1-935928-77-5 9667:(2012). "Notes". 8740:Los Angeles Times 8628:978-1-847-79275-4 8597:978-0-975-10730-0 8501:978-90-411-0502-8 8433:978-90-04-15027-0 8216:978-0-86154-464-6 7996:. 30 March 2007. 7931:. 28 March 2002. 7745:. 23 March 2009. 7669:. Memorial Hall, 7329:978-0-19-006047-3 7186:, pp. 16–17. 7142:978-0-19-006047-3 7108:978-1-85984-517-2 7074:978-0-520-29571-1 7035:978-0-7453-1530-0 6972:978-0-374-52980-2 6962:The Missing Peace 6911:978-0-19-532542-3 6866:978-1-4587-8155-0 6839:978-0-520-21718-8 6764:978-0-520-24631-7 6681:978-0-19-504122-4 6641:978-0-231-11674-9 6416:. 27 January 2024 6066:timesofisrael.com 5886:978-0-393-05826-0 5695:978-0-8223-3539-9 5660:978-0-89608-601-2 5598:978-0-19-518158-6 5563:978-0-674-05819-4 5528:978-1-4587-8155-0 5485:978-1-85984-517-2 5378:978-1-5036-0883-2 5343:978-1-68219-619-9 5223:978-0-7146-3439-5 5084:978-0-300-15604-1 5050:978-1-84511-347-6 4878:978-0-521-85289-0 4829:978-1-78478-458-4 4789:978-0-06-492104-6 4746:978-1-84813-973-2 4708:978-0-19-518158-6 4665:978-1-84813-972-5 4538:978-1-315-40976-4 4488:978-1-78074-056-0 4372:978-0-300-14524-3 3951:978-0-415-77862-6 3845:Uri Ben-Eliezer, 3813:978-0-7656-0514-6 3744:978-1-4711-1475-5 3594:OneVoice Movement 3365: 3364: 3208: 3207: 3200: 3038:and a report for 2879:security barriers 2875:house demolitions 2871:targeted killings 2726:UN Resolution 194 2724:According to the 2437:Issues in dispute 2200:Shireen Abu Akleh 2151:Geneva Convention 1975:, describing the 1967:. In April 2021, 1951:Israeli apartheid 1825:Roadmap for peace 1615:UN Resolution 242 1578:Palestinian flags 1498:The Peace Process 1393:a surprise attack 1143:Battle of Karameh 725:in Europe. While 698:-owned newspaper 621:international law 594:Israeli apartheid 475:Ottoman Palestine 412: 411: 288:Governance (PNA): 217: 216: 197:Establishment of 57:Situation in the 25383: 25273: 25272: 25271: 25261: 25260: 25259: 25252: 25228: 25227: 25101:Eagle of Saladin 24808:Amin al-Husseini 24773:Faisal I of Iraq 24743:Sultan al-Atrash 24738:Mansur al-Atrash 24713:Abdul Salam Arif 24522:War of Attrition 24408:Arab nationalism 24401: 24394: 24387: 24378: 24377: 24364: 24363: 24156: 24155: 24063:Sadegh Omidzadeh 24018:Talal Abu Zarifa 24003:Omar Abu Shawish 23958:Ihab al-Ghussein 23938:Mohamed al-Dalou 23913:Mohammed Barakat 23903:Ibrahim al-Astal 23819:Jamila al-Shanti 23754: 23753: 23631: 23630: 23624: 23623: 23449:March for Israel 23270: 23269: 23195: 23194: 22925: 22924: 22889:Humanitarian aid 22821:Yarden Roman-Gat 22771:Rescued hostages 22742: 22741: 22612: 22611: 22289:Al-Mawasi (June) 22231: 22230: 22026: 22025: 22013: 22012: 21980:Israel–Hamas war 21973: 21966: 21959: 21950: 21949: 21937: 21936: 21766:Fereydoon Abbasi 21567:Syrian civil war 21550:Israel–Hamas war 21437:2006 Lebanon War 21302: 21295: 21288: 21279: 21278: 20846:Kurdistan Region 20685: 20643:Sahrawi Republic 20572: 20571: 20560: 20553: 20546: 20537: 20536: 20353:Papua New Guinea 20328:Marshall Islands 19982:Kurdistan Region 19794: 19611: 19610: 19599: 19592: 19585: 19576: 19575: 19511: 19397:Political status 19285: 19284: 19265: 19258: 19251: 19242: 19241: 19171: 19163: 19162: 19113: 19078: 19070: 19069: 19059:Mandate document 18948: 18947: 18927: 18926: 18907: 18900: 18893: 18884: 18883: 18834:Trump peace plan 18826: 18620: 18418: 18411: 18404: 18395: 18394: 18380: 18377:Israel–Hamas war 18372: 18368:Shield and Arrow 18362: 18352: 18344: 18334: 18326: 18318: 18310: 18307:Wave of violence 18302: 18294: 18284: 18274: 18266: 18258: 18250: 18240: 18232: 18224: 18214: 18204: 18194: 18186: 18178: 18159: 18149: 18139: 18127: 18117: 18109: 18101: 18093: 18085: 18075: 18067: 18059: 18051: 18041: 18022: 18012: 18004: 17994: 17986: 17983:Ma'alot massacre 17978: 17970: 17960: 17952: 17944: 17936: 17928: 17918: 17910: 17902: 17899:War of Attrition 17894: 17886: 17867: 17859: 17851: 17848:Arab–Israeli War 17843: 17819: 17812: 17805: 17796: 17795: 17693:Other countries 17489: 17488: 17429:Egyptian Kingdom 17391: 17384: 17377: 17368: 17367: 17353: 17346: 17339: 17330: 17329: 17261: 17260: 17212:Daraa insurgency 17207:Syrian civil war 17137:Yemeni Civil war 17008:Myanmar conflict 16866: 16865: 16849:Mapuche conflict 16798:Mexican drug war 16783: 16782: 16672:Sinai insurgency 16617:Somali Civil War 16495: 16494: 16477: 16470: 16463: 16454: 16453: 16441: 16440: 16410:Racism in Israel 16361: 16360: 16263:Palestine Papers 16156:Hebron Agreement 16096:settler violence 16061: 16060: 16054: 16053: 16043: 16042: 16021:Israel–Hamas war 15989:November clashes 15963:"Returning Echo" 15908: 15907: 15829: 15828: 15804:Beit Hanoun raid 15784:Battle of Nablus 15716: 15715: 15655: 15654: 15575: 15574: 15530:Ma'alot massacre 15490: 15489: 15459:War of Attrition 15400:Arab–Israeli War 15389: 15388: 15315: 15314: 15306: 15305: 15282: 15281: 15134:Marwan Barghouti 14966:David Ben-Gurion 14939: 14938: 14928: 14927: 14825:al-Aqsa Brigades 14779: 14778: 14737: 14736: 14726: 14725: 14711: 14704: 14697: 14688: 14687: 14605:– The Media Line 14597:Chabad-Lubavitch 14580:Honest Reporting 14410: 14408: 14406: 14382: 14363: 14342: 14321: 14296: 14268: 14240: 14212: 14190: 14169: 14141: 14113: 14085: 14034: 14006: 13978: 13950: 13922: 13888: 13887: 13885: 13883: 13864: 13851: 13850: 13826: 13820: 13819: 13817: 13815: 13794: 13788: 13774: 13768: 13767: 13765: 13763: 13742: 13736: 13723: 13717: 13716: 13714: 13712: 13691: 13685: 13684: 13682: 13680: 13661: 13655: 13654: 13652: 13650: 13631: 13622: 13621: 13616: 13614: 13592: 13583: 13582: 13580: 13578: 13551: 13542: 13541: 13539: 13537: 13528:. 14 July 2020. 13516: 13510: 13509: 13507: 13505: 13484: 13478: 13477: 13475: 13473: 13452: 13446: 13445: 13443: 13441: 13420: 13414: 13413: 13411: 13409: 13388: 13382: 13381: 13379: 13377: 13356: 13350: 13349: 13347: 13345: 13325: 13319: 13318: 13316: 13314: 13299: 13293: 13292: 13290: 13288: 13259: 13253: 13247: 13241: 13235: 13229: 13228: 13226: 13224: 13203: 13197: 13196: 13194: 13192: 13171: 13165: 13164: 13162: 13160: 13138: 13132: 13131: 13129: 13127: 13118:. 12 July 2013. 13102: 13096: 13095: 13090:. Indianapolis: 13083: 13077: 13076: 13064: 13058: 13057: 13055: 13053: 13032: 13023: 13022: 13020: 13018: 13012: 13001: 12993: 12987: 12986: 12984: 12982: 12976: 12969: 12961: 12952: 12951: 12939: 12933: 12932: 12930: 12928: 12913: 12907: 12906: 12898: 12892: 12891: 12890: 12888: 12870: 12864: 12863: 12861: 12859: 12844: 12835: 12834: 12832: 12830: 12811: 12805: 12804: 12802: 12800: 12791:. 16 June 2003. 12779: 12773: 12772: 12770: 12768: 12753: 12747: 12746: 12744: 12742: 12733:. Archived from 12723: 12717: 12716: 12714: 12712: 12706: 12700:. Archived from 12699: 12690: 12684: 12683: 12681: 12679: 12657: 12651: 12650: 12648: 12646: 12624: 12618: 12612: 12606: 12605: 12603: 12601: 12580: 12574: 12573: 12571: 12569: 12548: 12542: 12541: 12539: 12537: 12516: 12510: 12509: 12507: 12505: 12485: 12479: 12478: 12476: 12474: 12457: 12451: 12450: 12433:Knowing Too Much 12425: 12419: 12418: 12388: 12382: 12376: 12370: 12364: 12358: 12357: 12330: 12324: 12318: 12312: 12311: 12309: 12307: 12292: 12286: 12280: 12274: 12273: 12271: 12269: 12248: 12242: 12241: 12217: 12211: 12210: 12193:Justice for Some 12184: 12178: 12162: 12156: 12155: 12153: 12151: 12142:. Archived from 12132: 12123: 12117: 12111: 12110: 12080: 12074: 12068: 12062: 12061: 12040:Fateful Triangle 12031: 12025: 12024: 12022: 12020: 11990: 11984: 11983: 11956: 11950: 11949: 11921: 11915: 11914: 11893: 11887: 11886: 11884: 11882: 11860: 11854: 11853: 11851: 11849: 11828: 11819: 11818: 11790: 11784: 11783: 11745: 11739: 11738: 11736: 11734: 11719: 11713: 11712: 11710: 11708: 11693: 11687: 11686: 11660: 11654: 11653: 11631: 11625: 11624: 11594: 11588: 11587: 11577: 11543: 11537: 11536: 11509: 11503: 11502: 11481: 11475: 11474: 11472: 11470: 11451: 11445: 11444: 11419: 11413: 11412: 11381: 11375: 11374: 11346: 11340: 11339: 11306: 11300: 11299: 11271: 11265: 11264: 11262: 11260: 11245: 11239: 11233: 11227: 11221: 11215: 11209: 11203: 11197: 11191: 11190: 11188: 11186: 11167: 11161: 11160: 11148: 11142: 11141: 11139: 11137: 11122: 11116: 11115: 11113: 11111: 11075: 11066: 11060: 11049: 11048: 11046: 11044: 11023: 11017: 11016: 10992: 10986: 10985: 10983: 10981: 10956: 10950: 10949: 10947: 10945: 10915: 10909: 10908: 10897: 10891: 10890: 10872: 10866: 10865: 10847: 10841: 10835: 10833: 10831: 10825: 10818: 10812:Lapidoth, Ruth. 10809: 10803: 10802: 10800: 10798: 10783: 10777: 10776: 10774: 10772: 10750: 10744: 10743: 10741: 10739: 10717: 10711: 10694: 10688: 10687: 10663: 10657: 10651: 10640: 10634: 10628: 10627: 10625: 10623: 10618:on 24 April 2012 10614:. Archived from 10604: 10598: 10597: 10567: 10561: 10560: 10542: 10536: 10535: 10515: 10509: 10503: 10497: 10496: 10474: 10465: 10464: 10442: 10433: 10432: 10399: 10393: 10392: 10364: 10358: 10357: 10331: 10325: 10324: 10306: 10300: 10299: 10297: 10295: 10274: 10268: 10267: 10265: 10263: 10242: 10236: 10235: 10233: 10231: 10209: 10203: 10202: 10200: 10198: 10177: 10171: 10170: 10168: 10166: 10147: 10141: 10140: 10120: 10114: 10113: 10111: 10109: 10089: 10083: 10082: 10080: 10078: 10057: 10051: 10050: 10048: 10046: 10025: 10019: 10006: 10000: 9999: 9997: 9995: 9973: 9967: 9957: 9951: 9938: 9932: 9931: 9929: 9927: 9905: 9896: 9889: 9883: 9882: 9880: 9878: 9859: 9853: 9852: 9850: 9848: 9829: 9823: 9822: 9820: 9818: 9796: 9790: 9789: 9787: 9785: 9763: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9752: 9730: 9724: 9723: 9721: 9719: 9697: 9691: 9690: 9669:Knowing Too Much 9661: 9652: 9651: 9649: 9647: 9625: 9619: 9618: 9616: 9614: 9605:. Archived from 9594: 9588: 9587:, pp. xxxi. 9582: 9576: 9575: 9573: 9571: 9566:on 6 August 2011 9562:. Archived from 9551: 9545: 9544: 9542: 9540: 9518: 9512: 9511: 9509: 9507: 9486: 9480: 9479: 9477: 9475: 9464:Associated Press 9450: 9444: 9443: 9441: 9439: 9418: 9412: 9411:31 December 2011 9394: 9388: 9387: 9375: 9369: 9368: 9351: 9345: 9344: 9342: 9340: 9319: 9313: 9312: 9310: 9308: 9293: 9287: 9281: 9275: 9274: 9272: 9270: 9249: 9243: 9242: 9240: 9238: 9219: 9213: 9212: 9210: 9208: 9196:Business Insider 9187: 9181: 9180: 9178: 9176: 9155: 9149: 9142: 9136: 9133: 9127: 9124: 9118: 9112: 9106: 9105: 9103: 9101: 9087: 9081: 9075: 9069: 9063: 9052: 9046: 9037: 9031: 9018: 9012: 9006: 9000: 8994: 8988: 8982: 8979: 8973: 8972: 8970: 8968: 8947: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8936: 8915: 8909: 8908: 8906: 8904: 8884: 8878: 8877: 8875: 8873: 8853: 8847: 8846: 8844: 8842: 8822: 8816: 8815: 8813: 8811: 8792: 8786: 8785: 8783: 8781: 8772:. 18 June 2023. 8762: 8756: 8755: 8753: 8751: 8732: 8726: 8725: 8723: 8721: 8702: 8696: 8695: 8693: 8691: 8672: 8666: 8665: 8663: 8661: 8652:. Archived from 8639: 8633: 8632: 8608: 8602: 8601: 8580: 8574: 8573: 8571: 8569: 8550: 8544: 8543: 8541: 8539: 8516: 8510: 8509: 8487: 8481: 8480: 8474: 8447: 8441: 8440: 8418: 8412: 8411: 8405: 8399:. Archived from 8358: 8346: 8340: 8339: 8337: 8335: 8314: 8308: 8302: 8296: 8279: 8273: 8257: 8251: 8250: 8248: 8246: 8227: 8221: 8220: 8200: 8194: 8193: 8191: 8189: 8174: 8168: 8167: 8165: 8163: 8157: 8151:. January 2022. 8146: 8138: 8132: 8131: 8113: 8107: 8103: 8097: 8080: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8069: 8048: 8042: 8041: 8039: 8037: 8016: 8010: 8009: 8007: 8005: 7984: 7978: 7977: 7975: 7973: 7964:. Archived from 7951: 7945: 7944: 7942: 7940: 7919: 7913: 7912: 7910: 7908: 7887: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7867:. Archived from 7854: 7848: 7847: 7846:on 20 July 2008. 7840:Associated Press 7826: 7820: 7819: 7814:. Archived from 7812:Associated Press 7797: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7765: 7759: 7758: 7756: 7754: 7733: 7727: 7726: 7724: 7722: 7701: 7695: 7694: 7680: 7674: 7655: 7649: 7648: 7634: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7623: 7602: 7596: 7595: 7593: 7591: 7570: 7564: 7563: 7561: 7559: 7537: 7531: 7530: 7528: 7526: 7504: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7493: 7478: 7472: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7445: 7439: 7438: 7436: 7434: 7413: 7407: 7401: 7395: 7394: 7393:on 4 March 2016. 7392: 7386:. Archived from 7361: 7352: 7337: 7336: 7309: 7303: 7302: 7300: 7298: 7272: 7266: 7260: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7249: 7221: 7215: 7214: 7196: 7187: 7181: 7175: 7172:Finkelstein 2007 7169: 7163: 7160:Finkelstein 2007 7157: 7151: 7150: 7122: 7113: 7112: 7085: 7079: 7078: 7051: 7040: 7039: 7021:Fateful Triangle 7012: 7001: 6995: 6989: 6983: 6977: 6976: 6956: 6950: 6947: 6941: 6938: 6932: 6931: 6922: 6916: 6915: 6891: 6882: 6877: 6871: 6870: 6850: 6844: 6843: 6819: 6808: 6802: 6796: 6790: 6784: 6778: 6769: 6768: 6748: 6737: 6731: 6722: 6716: 6710: 6704: 6698: 6692: 6686: 6685: 6661: 6655: 6652: 6646: 6645: 6625: 6619: 6613: 6604: 6603: 6590: 6584: 6583: 6570: 6564: 6563: 6549: 6543: 6542: 6529: 6523: 6522: 6520: 6518: 6497: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6464: 6458: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6432: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6421: 6406: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6395: 6375: 6369: 6368: 6362: 6354: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6324: 6318: 6314: 6312: 6310: 6294: 6286: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6259: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6248: 6236:Associated Press 6227: 6221: 6220: 6207: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6175: 6169: 6168: 6166: 6164: 6142: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6116: 6110: 6109: 6108:. 27 March 2023. 6096: 6090: 6089: 6076: 6070: 6069: 6058: 6052: 6051: 6049: 6047: 6026: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6015: 5996: 5990: 5989: 5987: 5985: 5966: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5955: 5950:on 16 March 2013 5934: 5928: 5927: 5925: 5923: 5912:Associated Press 5900:Bohn, Lauren E. 5897: 5891: 5890: 5863:Oren, Michael B. 5859: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5786: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5756: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5725: 5716: 5710: 5704: 5703: 5675: 5669: 5668: 5646:Fateful Triangle 5637: 5631: 5625: 5619: 5613: 5607: 5606: 5578: 5572: 5571: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5512: 5506: 5500: 5494: 5493: 5465: 5459: 5453: 5447: 5441: 5435: 5429: 5423: 5417: 5411: 5405: 5399: 5393: 5387: 5386: 5358: 5352: 5351: 5329: 5323: 5317: 5311: 5305: 5299: 5285: 5279: 5265: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5234: 5228: 5227: 5205: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5186: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5171:. Archived from 5155:(507): 314–354. 5144: 5135: 5129: 5119: 5113: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5061: 5055: 5054: 5032: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4991: 4984: 4976: 4963: 4957: 4944: 4929: 4923: 4917: 4911: 4901: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4855: 4849: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4804: 4798: 4797: 4773: 4767: 4761: 4755: 4754: 4723: 4717: 4716: 4688: 4682: 4676: 4670: 4669: 4640: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4561: 4555: 4554: 4552: 4550: 4515: 4509: 4504: 4493: 4492: 4469: 4463: 4457: 4451: 4445: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4409: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4349: 4336: 4335: 4329: 4327: 4322:on 10 April 2010 4321: 4310: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4282:. Archived from 4272: 4266: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4180: 4174: 4168: 4162: 4156: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4108: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4029: 4023: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4001: 3995: 3994: 3987: 3981: 3980: 3975:. Archived from 3965: 3956: 3955: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3868:Race & Class 3863: 3854: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3827:Laurens, Henry. 3824: 3818: 3817: 3793: 3787: 3786: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3755: 3754: 3721: 3715: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3695: 3689: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3651: 3635: 3631: 3423:Israel–Hamas war 3392:1982 Lebanon War 3380:Israel–Hamas war 3360: 3357: 3351: 3339: 3338: 3331: 3203: 3196: 3192: 3189: 3183: 3152: 3144: 2903:Structural abuse 2839:security barrier 2832:Baruch Goldstein 2574:Dome of the Rock 2568:Panorama of the 2542:Isra' and Mi'raj 2494:In 1967, Israel 2405:Security Council 2392: 2386: 2377: 2268:Structural abuse 2170:Bezalel Smotrich 2120:Ariel University 2113:Israeli occupied 2000:Nation-State law 1987:was released by 1901:political party 1850: 1807:peace conference 1747:party candidate 1517:Meron Benvenisti 1401:Israeli military 1385:Israel–Hamas war 1366:Israel–Hamas war 1199:Operation Litani 1182:1982 Lebanon War 1176:1982 Lebanon War 1139:War of Attrition 1087:1967 Six-Day War 1044:1956 Suez Crisis 876:David Ben-Gurion 736:ethnic cleansing 579:second intifadas 494:of the formerly 402:Israel–Hamas war 358:1982 Lebanon War 313: 312: 311: 297: 296: 295: 278: 276: 275: 264: 263: 262: 251: 250: 249: 235: 233: 232: 77: 76: 55: 35: 34: 21:Israel–Hamas war 25391: 25390: 25386: 25385: 25384: 25382: 25381: 25380: 25281: 25280: 25279: 25269: 25267: 25257: 25255: 25247: 25245: 25240: 25239: 25234: 25216: 25152:Greater Morocco 25125: 25121:Pan-Arab colors 25116:Hawk of Quraish 25082: 25050: 24901:Arab Federation 24862: 24848:Abdullah Rimawi 24823:Mostéfa Merarda 24778:Muammar Gaddafi 24758:Ahmed Ben Bella 24733:Jamal al-Atassi 24723:Bashar al-Assad 24674: 24643: 24624:Black September 24502:Anglo-Iraqi War 24446: 24410: 24405: 24375: 24370: 24352: 24287:Bearing Witness 24241: 24231: 24207:Wael Al-Dahdouh 24195: 24151: 24141: 24120: 24106:Ismail al-Ghoul 24101:Samer Abu Daqqa 24082: 24058:Wissam al-Tawil 24038:Saleh al-Arouri 24022: 23993:Mohammed Shabir 23861: 23844: 23838: 23834:Faiq Al-Mabhouh 23769:Saleh al-Arouri 23741: 23707:Yuval Castleman 23690: 23634:Security forces 23605: 23587: 23583:Arrest warrants 23549: 23526: 23485: 23356: 23291: 23268: 23193: 23062:Economic impact 23055:Mass detentions 23022: 22984:Israeli outpost 22923: 22866: 22856: 22830: 22804: 22766: 22740: 22736:Hostages Square 22710: 22695: 22688:Attacks on the 22664:Maersk Hangzhou 22643: 22610: 22543: 22532: 22491: 22425: 22368: 22361: 22308: 22294:Al-Shati (July) 22279:Al-Mawasi (May) 22236: 22229: 22194: 22192: 22181: 22138: 22102: 22020: 22018: 22007: 22000: 21982: 21977: 21947: 21942: 21926: 21863:Abraham Accords 21819: 21761:Majid Shahriari 21732: 21654: 21561: 21526: 21517:Victoria Affair 21512:Karine A affair 21498: 21379: 21339: 21311: 21306: 21276: 21271: 21226: 21190: 21162: 21141: 20960: 20767: 20686: 20677: 20576: 20566: 20564: 20534: 20529: 20473:Abraham Accords 20436: 20393: 20367: 20306: 20247:North Macedonia 20120: 19893: 19795: 19786: 19615: 19605: 19603: 19573: 19568: 19563: 19562: 19559: 19535: 19509: 19496: 19477: 19476: 19475: 19456: 19447: 19444: 19417: 19388: 19387: 19383:Right of return 19379: 19350: 19319: 19278: 19269: 19239: 19234: 19225: 19221: 19211: 19200: 19185: 19172: 19155: 19131: 19126: 19103: 19099: 19089: 19079: 19066: 19036: 19024: 18984: 18978: 18956: 18920: 18911: 18881: 18872: 18840:Abraham Accords 18824: 18818: 18661: 18643:1981–1982  18539: 18493:Peel Commission 18428: 18426:peace proposals 18422: 18385: 18375: 18365: 18355: 18347: 18337: 18329: 18321: 18313: 18305: 18297: 18287: 18277: 18269: 18261: 18253: 18243: 18235: 18227: 18217: 18207: 18197: 18189: 18181: 18175:Second Intifada 18173: 18162: 18155:Grapes of Wrath 18152: 18142: 18130: 18120: 18112: 18104: 18096: 18088: 18078: 18070: 18062: 18054: 18044: 18036: 18025: 18015: 18007: 17997: 17989: 17981: 17973: 17963: 17957:Munich massacre 17955: 17947: 17939: 17931: 17921: 17913: 17905: 17897: 17889: 17881: 17870: 17862: 17854: 17846: 17839: 17828: 17823: 17786: 17765: 17744: 17684: 17640:Black September 17618: 17559:Lebanese Forces 17480: 17476:Ba'athist Syria 17472:Syrian Republic 17417:and authorities 17416: 17410: 17409: 17395: 17362: 17357: 17327: 17318: 17297: 17248: 17227:Rojava conflict 17217:Desert campaign 17076: 17018:Kachin conflict 17000: 16994: 16908:Afghan conflict 16896: 16880: 16876:Korean conflict 16853: 16817: 16770: 16759:Azawad conflict 16705: 16628: 16563: 16486: 16481: 16446: 16438: 16429: 16366: 16347: 16273: 16267:2013–2014  16244: 16172: 16130:1993–1995  16118:1981–1982  16107: 16048: 16025: 16011:"Breaking Dawn" 15949:2008–2009  15931:"Autumn Clouds" 15904: 15901: 15889: 15885:Al-Aqsa clashes 15856:Al-Aqsa clashes 15825: 15823: 15812: 15780:Battle of Jenin 15711:Second Intifada 15701: 15640: 15603:Siege of Beirut 15562: 15511:Munich massacre 15486: 15483: 15471: 15457:1967–1970  15447:Rafah massacres 15417:1951–1967  15376: 15370:1947–1948  15364:1944–1947  15358:1936–1939  15352:Hebron massacre 15347:Palestine riots 15328:Nebi Musa riots 15300: 15268: 15214:Abu Ali Mustafa 15169:Amin al-Husayni 15139:Mohammed Dahlan 15095: 14971:Naftali Bennett 14933: 14914: 14889: 14813: 14768: 14731: 14720: 14715: 14593:Wayback Machine 14542:Wayback Machine 14418: 14413: 14404: 14402: 14400: 14379: 14369:Moment of Truth 14360: 14339: 14318: 14293: 14265: 14237: 14209: 14187: 14166: 14138: 14110: 14046:(5 July 2024). 14038:Khatib, Rasha; 14031: 14011:Khalidi, Rashid 14003: 13983:Khalidi, Rashid 13975: 13955:Khalidi, Rashid 13947: 13932:Beyond Chutzpah 13919: 13904:Hamas Contained 13896: 13891: 13881: 13879: 13866: 13865: 13854: 13843: 13827: 13823: 13813: 13811: 13796: 13795: 13791: 13785:Wayback Machine 13775: 13771: 13761: 13759: 13744: 13743: 13739: 13733:Wayback Machine 13724: 13720: 13710: 13708: 13693: 13692: 13688: 13678: 13676: 13663: 13662: 13658: 13648: 13646: 13639:users.erols.com 13633: 13632: 13625: 13612: 13610: 13593: 13586: 13576: 13574: 13553: 13552: 13545: 13535: 13533: 13518: 13517: 13513: 13503: 13501: 13486: 13485: 13481: 13471: 13469: 13454: 13453: 13449: 13439: 13437: 13422: 13421: 13417: 13407: 13405: 13390: 13389: 13385: 13375: 13373: 13358: 13357: 13353: 13343: 13341: 13326: 13322: 13312: 13310: 13301: 13300: 13296: 13286: 13284: 13271:. 22 May 2002. 13261: 13260: 13256: 13248: 13244: 13236: 13232: 13222: 13220: 13205: 13204: 13200: 13190: 13188: 13180:The Independent 13173: 13172: 13168: 13158: 13156: 13139: 13135: 13125: 13123: 13104: 13103: 13099: 13084: 13080: 13065: 13061: 13051: 13049: 13034: 13033: 13026: 13016: 13014: 13010: 12999: 12995: 12994: 12990: 12980: 12978: 12974: 12967: 12963: 12962: 12955: 12940: 12936: 12926: 12924: 12915: 12914: 12910: 12899: 12895: 12886: 12884: 12871: 12867: 12857: 12855: 12846: 12845: 12838: 12828: 12826: 12813: 12812: 12808: 12798: 12796: 12781: 12780: 12776: 12766: 12764: 12755: 12754: 12750: 12740: 12738: 12725: 12724: 12720: 12710: 12708: 12704: 12697: 12691: 12687: 12677: 12675: 12658: 12654: 12644: 12642: 12625: 12621: 12613: 12609: 12599: 12597: 12582: 12581: 12577: 12567: 12565: 12550: 12549: 12545: 12535: 12533: 12518: 12517: 12513: 12503: 12501: 12486: 12482: 12472: 12470: 12458: 12454: 12443: 12426: 12422: 12411: 12389: 12385: 12377: 12373: 12365: 12361: 12351: 12331: 12327: 12319: 12315: 12305: 12303: 12294: 12293: 12289: 12281: 12277: 12267: 12265: 12250: 12249: 12245: 12238: 12218: 12214: 12207: 12185: 12181: 12172:Wayback Machine 12163: 12159: 12149: 12147: 12146:on 3 April 2007 12134: 12133: 12126: 12118: 12114: 12103: 12081: 12077: 12069: 12065: 12055: 12032: 12028: 12018: 12016: 11991: 11987: 11977: 11957: 11953: 11942: 11922: 11918: 11911: 11894: 11890: 11880: 11878: 11861: 11857: 11847: 11845: 11837:The Irish Times 11830: 11829: 11822: 11815: 11791: 11787: 11764:10.2307/2200460 11746: 11742: 11732: 11730: 11721: 11720: 11716: 11706: 11704: 11695: 11694: 11690: 11679: 11671:. p. 150. 11661: 11657: 11646: 11632: 11628: 11613: 11603:Haymarket Books 11595: 11591: 11566:10.2307/2537599 11544: 11540: 11533: 11510: 11506: 11499: 11485:Esber, Rosmarie 11482: 11478: 11468: 11466: 11452: 11448: 11441: 11420: 11416: 11409: 11382: 11378: 11371: 11347: 11343: 11328:10.2307/2537217 11307: 11303: 11288:10.2307/2536718 11272: 11268: 11258: 11256: 11247: 11246: 11242: 11234: 11230: 11222: 11218: 11210: 11206: 11198: 11194: 11184: 11182: 11169: 11168: 11164: 11149: 11145: 11135: 11133: 11124: 11123: 11119: 11109: 11107: 11100: 11076: 11069: 11061: 11052: 11042: 11040: 11025: 11024: 11020: 10993: 10989: 10979: 10977: 10958: 10957: 10953: 10943: 10941: 10934: 10916: 10912: 10898: 10894: 10887: 10873: 10869: 10862: 10848: 10844: 10829: 10827: 10823: 10816: 10810: 10806: 10796: 10794: 10785: 10784: 10780: 10770: 10768: 10760:Times of Israel 10751: 10747: 10737: 10735: 10718: 10714: 10704:Wayback Machine 10695: 10691: 10680: 10664: 10660: 10652: 10643: 10635: 10631: 10621: 10619: 10606: 10605: 10601: 10590: 10568: 10564: 10557: 10547:Moment of Truth 10543: 10539: 10532: 10516: 10512: 10504: 10500: 10493: 10475: 10468: 10461: 10443: 10436: 10425: 10400: 10396: 10385: 10365: 10361: 10354: 10332: 10328: 10321: 10311:Moment of Truth 10307: 10303: 10293: 10291: 10276: 10275: 10271: 10261: 10259: 10244: 10243: 10239: 10229: 10227: 10210: 10206: 10196: 10194: 10179: 10178: 10174: 10164: 10162: 10149: 10148: 10144: 10137: 10121: 10117: 10107: 10105: 10090: 10086: 10076: 10074: 10059: 10058: 10054: 10044: 10042: 10027: 10026: 10022: 10016:Wayback Machine 10007: 10003: 9993: 9991: 9974: 9970: 9958: 9954: 9939: 9935: 9925: 9923: 9915:Times of Israel 9906: 9899: 9890: 9886: 9876: 9874: 9861: 9860: 9856: 9846: 9844: 9831: 9830: 9826: 9816: 9814: 9797: 9793: 9783: 9781: 9764: 9760: 9750: 9748: 9733:Horn, Jordana. 9731: 9727: 9717: 9715: 9698: 9694: 9679: 9662: 9655: 9645: 9643: 9626: 9622: 9612: 9610: 9595: 9591: 9583: 9579: 9569: 9567: 9552: 9548: 9538: 9536: 9519: 9515: 9505: 9503: 9488: 9487: 9483: 9473: 9471: 9452: 9451: 9447: 9437: 9435: 9420: 9419: 9415: 9405:Wayback Machine 9395: 9391: 9376: 9372: 9353: 9352: 9348: 9338: 9336: 9321: 9320: 9316: 9306: 9304: 9295: 9294: 9290: 9282: 9278: 9268: 9266: 9251: 9250: 9246: 9236: 9234: 9221: 9220: 9216: 9206: 9204: 9189: 9188: 9184: 9174: 9172: 9157: 9156: 9152: 9143: 9139: 9134: 9130: 9125: 9121: 9113: 9109: 9099: 9097: 9089: 9088: 9084: 9076: 9072: 9064: 9055: 9047: 9040: 9032: 9021: 9013: 9009: 9001: 8997: 8989: 8985: 8980: 8976: 8966: 8964: 8949: 8948: 8944: 8934: 8932: 8917: 8916: 8912: 8902: 8900: 8885: 8881: 8871: 8869: 8854: 8850: 8840: 8838: 8823: 8819: 8809: 8807: 8802:. 18 May 2023. 8794: 8793: 8789: 8779: 8777: 8764: 8763: 8759: 8749: 8747: 8734: 8733: 8729: 8719: 8717: 8704: 8703: 8699: 8689: 8687: 8674: 8673: 8669: 8659: 8657: 8640: 8636: 8629: 8609: 8605: 8598: 8581: 8577: 8567: 8565: 8551: 8547: 8537: 8535: 8530:. 6 July 2022. 8518: 8517: 8513: 8502: 8488: 8484: 8448: 8444: 8434: 8419: 8415: 8403: 8373:10.2307/2203016 8356: 8347: 8343: 8333: 8331: 8316: 8315: 8311: 8303: 8299: 8290:Wayback Machine 8280: 8276: 8267:Wayback Machine 8258: 8254: 8244: 8242: 8229: 8228: 8224: 8217: 8201: 8197: 8187: 8185: 8176: 8175: 8171: 8161: 8159: 8155: 8144: 8140: 8139: 8135: 8114: 8110: 8104: 8100: 8091:Wayback Machine 8081: 8077: 8067: 8065: 8050: 8049: 8045: 8035: 8033: 8028:. 28 May 2015. 8025:Times of Israel 8018: 8017: 8013: 8003: 8001: 7993:TheGuardian.com 7986: 7985: 7981: 7971: 7969: 7952: 7948: 7938: 7936: 7921: 7920: 7916: 7906: 7904: 7889: 7888: 7884: 7874: 7872: 7855: 7851: 7828: 7827: 7823: 7798: 7794: 7784: 7782: 7767: 7766: 7762: 7752: 7750: 7735: 7734: 7730: 7720: 7718: 7703: 7702: 7698: 7690:Times of Israel 7681: 7677: 7667:Wayback Machine 7656: 7652: 7635: 7631: 7621: 7619: 7604: 7603: 7599: 7589: 7587: 7572: 7571: 7567: 7557: 7555: 7538: 7534: 7524: 7522: 7505: 7501: 7491: 7489: 7488:on 21 July 2011 7480: 7479: 7475: 7465: 7463: 7446: 7442: 7432: 7430: 7415: 7414: 7410: 7402: 7398: 7390: 7359: 7353: 7340: 7330: 7310: 7306: 7296: 7294: 7273: 7269: 7261: 7257: 7247: 7245: 7224:Morris, Benny. 7222: 7218: 7210:. p. 168. 7197: 7190: 7182: 7178: 7170: 7166: 7162:, pp. 352. 7158: 7154: 7143: 7123: 7116: 7109: 7086: 7082: 7075: 7052: 7043: 7036: 7013: 7004: 6996: 6992: 6984: 6980: 6973: 6957: 6953: 6948: 6944: 6939: 6935: 6924: 6923: 6919: 6912: 6904:. p. 241. 6892: 6885: 6878: 6874: 6867: 6851: 6847: 6840: 6832:. p. 290. 6820: 6811: 6803: 6799: 6791: 6787: 6779: 6772: 6765: 6749: 6740: 6732: 6725: 6717: 6713: 6705: 6701: 6693: 6689: 6682: 6662: 6658: 6653: 6649: 6642: 6626: 6622: 6614: 6607: 6592: 6591: 6587: 6572: 6571: 6567: 6550: 6546: 6531: 6530: 6526: 6516: 6514: 6499: 6498: 6494: 6484: 6482: 6465: 6461: 6451: 6449: 6434: 6433: 6429: 6419: 6417: 6408: 6407: 6403: 6393: 6391: 6376: 6372: 6360: 6356: 6355: 6351: 6341: 6339: 6326: 6325: 6321: 6308: 6306: 6292: 6288: 6287: 6283: 6273: 6271: 6261: 6260: 6256: 6246: 6244: 6229: 6228: 6224: 6209: 6208: 6204: 6194: 6192: 6177: 6176: 6172: 6162: 6160: 6143: 6139: 6129: 6127: 6118: 6117: 6113: 6098: 6097: 6093: 6078: 6077: 6073: 6060: 6059: 6055: 6045: 6043: 6028: 6027: 6023: 6013: 6011: 5998: 5997: 5993: 5983: 5981: 5968: 5967: 5963: 5953: 5951: 5936: 5935: 5931: 5921: 5919: 5898: 5894: 5887: 5860: 5856: 5846: 5844: 5819: 5815: 5805: 5803: 5798:. 5 July 2006. 5788: 5787: 5783: 5773: 5771: 5758: 5757: 5753: 5743: 5741: 5726: 5719: 5711: 5707: 5696: 5676: 5672: 5661: 5638: 5634: 5626: 5622: 5614: 5610: 5599: 5579: 5575: 5564: 5544: 5540: 5529: 5513: 5509: 5501: 5497: 5486: 5466: 5462: 5454: 5450: 5442: 5438: 5430: 5426: 5418: 5414: 5406: 5402: 5394: 5390: 5379: 5359: 5355: 5344: 5330: 5326: 5318: 5314: 5306: 5302: 5286: 5282: 5276:Wayback Machine 5266: 5257: 5247: 5245: 5236: 5235: 5231: 5224: 5206: 5202: 5194: 5188: 5187: 5183: 5175: 5142: 5136: 5132: 5120: 5116: 5108: 5104: 5094: 5092: 5085: 5062: 5058: 5051: 5043:. p. 391. 5033: 5029: 5021: 5017: 5009: 5005: 4995: 4993: 4989: 4982: 4978: 4977: 4966: 4958: 4947: 4930: 4926: 4918: 4914: 4902: 4898: 4888: 4886: 4879: 4856: 4852: 4844: 4840: 4830: 4805: 4801: 4790: 4774: 4770: 4762: 4758: 4747: 4724: 4720: 4709: 4689: 4685: 4677: 4673: 4666: 4641: 4637: 4627: 4625: 4562: 4558: 4548: 4546: 4539: 4516: 4512: 4505: 4496: 4489: 4470: 4466: 4458: 4454: 4446: 4442: 4432: 4430: 4410: 4406: 4396: 4394: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4373: 4350: 4339: 4325: 4323: 4319: 4308: 4304: 4303: 4299: 4289: 4287: 4274: 4273: 4269: 4259: 4257: 4240: 4239: 4235: 4228: 4210: 4206: 4199: 4181: 4177: 4169: 4165: 4157: 4153: 4143: 4141: 4131: 4127: 4117: 4115: 4109: 4105: 4095: 4093: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4070: 4068: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4042: 4040: 4039:on 12 June 2009 4031: 4030: 4026: 4016: 4014: 4002: 3998: 3989: 3988: 3984: 3979:on 1 July 2010. 3967: 3966: 3959: 3952: 3926: 3922: 3899: 3895: 3865: 3864: 3857: 3844: 3840: 3825: 3821: 3814: 3794: 3790: 3783: 3765: 3761: 3752: 3750: 3745: 3722: 3718: 3708: 3706: 3696: 3692: 3684: 3680: 3670: 3668: 3653: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3639: 3638: 3632: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3498: 3469: 3450: 3361: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3340: 3336: 3329: 3315: 3299:Second Intifada 3281: 3272: 3262: 3204: 3193: 3187: 3184: 3169: 3153: 3142: 3104:in January 2013 3090: 3048: 3018: 2997: 2991: 2978: 2909:water resources 2905: 2891: 2889:Water resources 2796: 2782: 2630: 2616: 2562: 2544:event, and the 2477: 2463: 2457: 2439: 2421: 2394: 2390: 2388: 2384: 2382: 2375: 2368: 2360:Main articles: 2358: 2274: 2260: 2238: 2220: 2188: 2182: 2101: 2095: 2035: 2017: 1953: 1947: 1942: 1841: 1835: 1763: 1757: 1733: 1727: 1715:Second Intifada 1696: 1690: 1668:and Jerusalem. 1642: 1636: 1562: 1556: 1525: 1506: 1500: 1475: 1467:Iraq, and Syria 1358: 1313: 1276:Second Intifada 1264: 1262:Second Intifada 1258: 1221: 1215: 1184: 1178: 1161: 1155: 1115:Sinai Peninsula 1095: 1089: 1052: 1046: 1010: 1004: 996:refugee problem 951: 945: 888: 868:Peel Commission 821: 815: 762: 688: 682: 675: 669: 661:the most recent 637:occupying power 508:British mandate 484:Jewish homeland 471:Jewish settlers 393: 387: 377: 374:Second Intifada 371: 365: 355: 349: 309: 307: 306: 293: 291: 290: 286: 285: 273: 271: 260: 258: 247: 245: 230: 228: 213: 210: 188: 173: 172: 167: 159: 143: 142: 134: 128: 104: 103: 66: 56: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 25389: 25379: 25378: 25373: 25368: 25363: 25358: 25353: 25348: 25343: 25341:Guerrilla wars 25338: 25333: 25328: 25323: 25318: 25313: 25308: 25303: 25298: 25293: 25278: 25277: 25265: 25242: 25241: 25236: 25235: 25233: 25232: 25221: 25218: 25217: 25215: 25214: 25209: 25204: 25199: 25194: 25189: 25184: 25179: 25174: 25169: 25164: 25159: 25154: 25149: 25144: 25139: 25133: 25131: 25130:Related topics 25127: 25126: 25124: 25123: 25118: 25113: 25108: 25103: 25098: 25092: 25090: 25084: 25083: 25081: 25080: 25073: 25066: 25058: 25056: 25052: 25051: 25049: 25048: 25043: 25038: 25033: 25028: 25023: 25018: 25013: 25008: 25003: 24998: 24996:Islamic Legion 24993: 24988: 24983: 24978: 24973: 24968: 24963: 24958: 24953: 24948: 24943: 24938: 24933: 24928: 24923: 24918: 24913: 24908: 24903: 24898: 24893: 24888: 24886:Al-Mourabitoun 24883: 24878: 24872: 24870: 24864: 24863: 24861: 24860: 24855: 24853:Hamdeen Sabahi 24850: 24845: 24843:Fuad al-Rikabi 24840: 24835: 24833:Adnan Pachachi 24830: 24825: 24820: 24815: 24810: 24805: 24803:Saddam Hussein 24800: 24795: 24793:Sati' al-Husri 24790: 24785: 24780: 24775: 24770: 24765: 24760: 24755: 24750: 24745: 24740: 24735: 24730: 24728:Hafez al-Assad 24725: 24720: 24718:Zaki al-Arsuzi 24715: 24710: 24705: 24700: 24695: 24690: 24684: 24682: 24676: 24675: 24673: 24672: 24667: 24662: 24657: 24651: 24649: 24645: 24644: 24642: 24641: 24636: 24631: 24626: 24621: 24616: 24611: 24606: 24601: 24599:Aden Emergency 24596: 24591: 24586: 24581: 24576: 24571: 24566: 24561: 24556: 24551: 24546: 24544:Iraqi Intifada 24541: 24536: 24535: 24534: 24529: 24527:Yom Kippur War 24524: 24519: 24514: 24504: 24499: 24494: 24489: 24488: 24487: 24477: 24472: 24471: 24470: 24460: 24454: 24452: 24448: 24447: 24445: 24444: 24439: 24434: 24429: 24424: 24422:Arab socialism 24418: 24416: 24412: 24411: 24404: 24403: 24396: 24389: 24381: 24372: 24371: 24369: 24368: 24357: 24354: 24353: 24351: 24350: 24343: 24341:Project Nimbus 24338: 24331: 24326: 24321: 24314: 24307: 24300: 24295: 24290: 24283: 24278: 24273: 24268: 24261: 24256: 24254:Al-Saqqa House 24251: 24245: 24243: 24237: 24236: 24233: 24232: 24230: 24229: 24224: 24219: 24214: 24212:Plestia Alaqad 24209: 24203: 24201: 24197: 24196: 24194: 24193: 24188: 24183: 24178: 24173: 24168: 24162: 24160: 24153: 24147: 24146: 24143: 24142: 24140: 24139: 24134: 24128: 24126: 24125:General topics 24122: 24121: 24119: 24118: 24116:Belal Jadallah 24113: 24108: 24103: 24098: 24096:Issam Abdallah 24092: 24090: 24084: 24083: 24081: 24080: 24075: 24070: 24065: 24060: 24055: 24050: 24045: 24040: 24034: 24032: 24028: 24027: 24024: 24023: 24021: 24020: 24015: 24010: 24005: 24000: 23995: 23990: 23985: 23983:Ibrahim Qusaya 23980: 23978:Hani Al-Masdar 23975: 23970: 23968:Sidra Hassouna 23965: 23960: 23955: 23950: 23945: 23940: 23935: 23930: 23928:Adnan al-Bursh 23925: 23920: 23915: 23910: 23905: 23900: 23895: 23890: 23888:Refaat Alareer 23885: 23880: 23875: 23869: 23867: 23863: 23862: 23860: 23859: 23857:Jihad Shehadeh 23854: 23848: 23846: 23840: 23839: 23837: 23836: 23831: 23826: 23821: 23816: 23811: 23806: 23804:Fursan Khalifa 23801: 23796: 23791: 23789:Ahmed Ghandour 23786: 23781: 23776: 23771: 23766: 23764:Ismail Haniyeh 23760: 23758: 23751: 23747: 23746: 23743: 23742: 23740: 23739: 23734: 23729: 23724: 23719: 23714: 23709: 23704: 23698: 23696: 23692: 23691: 23689: 23688: 23683: 23678: 23673: 23671:Yitzhar Hofman 23668: 23663: 23658: 23653: 23648: 23643: 23637: 23635: 23628: 23621: 23615: 23614: 23611: 23610: 23607: 23606: 23604: 23603: 23595: 23593: 23589: 23588: 23586: 23585: 23580: 23573: 23566: 23557: 23555: 23551: 23550: 23548: 23547: 23546: 23545: 23534: 23532: 23528: 23527: 23525: 23524: 23519: 23514: 23509: 23507:A/RES/ES-10/22 23504: 23499: 23497:A/RES/ES-10/21 23493: 23491: 23490:UN resolutions 23487: 23486: 23484: 23483: 23482: 23481: 23476: 23474:D-Chowk Dharna 23468: 23467: 23466: 23461: 23456: 23451: 23446: 23441: 23436: 23426: 23424:United Kingdom 23421: 23420: 23419: 23409: 23408: 23407: 23399: 23398: 23397: 23389: 23388: 23387: 23382: 23377: 23366: 23364: 23358: 23357: 23355: 23354: 23353: 23352: 23347: 23342: 23337: 23332: 23322: 23317: 23312: 23311: 23310: 23299: 23297: 23296:Discrimination 23293: 23292: 23290: 23289: 23284: 23278: 23276: 23267: 23266: 23261: 23256: 23251: 23246: 23241: 23236: 23234:European Union 23231: 23226: 23221: 23220: 23219: 23214: 23203: 23201: 23192: 23191: 23190: 23189: 23188: 23187: 23182: 23177: 23167: 23157: 23152: 23151: 23150: 23140: 23139: 23138: 23133: 23131:Misinformation 23128: 23121:Media coverage 23118: 23113: 23112: 23111: 23106: 23101: 23096: 23091: 23081: 23080: 23079: 23069: 23064: 23059: 23058: 23057: 23052: 23042: 23036: 23034: 23028: 23027: 23024: 23023: 23021: 23020: 23015: 23014: 23013: 23003: 22998: 22997: 22996: 22991: 22986: 22976: 22971: 22970: 22969: 22959: 22958: 22957: 22952: 22942: 22937: 22931: 22929: 22922: 22921: 22916: 22911: 22906: 22901: 22896: 22891: 22886: 22881: 22876: 22870: 22868: 22862: 22861: 22858: 22857: 22855: 22854: 22849: 22844: 22838: 22836: 22832: 22831: 22829: 22828: 22823: 22818: 22812: 22810: 22806: 22805: 22803: 22802: 22797: 22796: 22795: 22785: 22780: 22774: 22772: 22768: 22767: 22765: 22764: 22759: 22754: 22748: 22746: 22739: 22738: 22733: 22728: 22721: 22715: 22713: 22705: 22704: 22701: 22700: 22697: 22696: 22694: 22693: 22685: 22680: 22678:missile strike 22672: 22667: 22659: 22653: 22651: 22649:Red Sea crisis 22645: 22644: 22642: 22641: 22636: 22631: 22626: 22620: 22618: 22609: 22608: 22603: 22598: 22593: 22588: 22587: 22586: 22581: 22576: 22566: 22565: 22564: 22554: 22548: 22546: 22538: 22537: 22534: 22533: 22531: 22530: 22525: 22520: 22515: 22510: 22505: 22499: 22497: 22496:General topics 22493: 22492: 22490: 22489: 22484: 22479: 22474: 22469: 22464: 22459: 22457:Flour massacre 22454: 22449: 22444: 22439: 22433: 22431: 22427: 22426: 22424: 22423: 22422: 22421: 22411: 22406: 22401: 22396: 22395: 22394: 22389: 22379: 22373: 22371: 22363: 22362: 22360: 22359: 22354: 22349: 22344: 22339: 22334: 22329: 22324: 22318: 22316: 22310: 22309: 22307: 22306: 22301: 22296: 22291: 22286: 22281: 22276: 22271: 22266: 22265: 22264: 22254: 22253: 22252: 22241: 22239: 22228: 22227: 22226: 22225: 22215: 22210: 22205: 22199: 22197: 22187: 22186: 22183: 22182: 22180: 22179: 22172: 22167: 22162: 22160:Death Shelters 22157: 22152: 22146: 22144: 22143:General topics 22140: 22139: 22137: 22136: 22131: 22126: 22121: 22116: 22110: 22108: 22104: 22103: 22101: 22100: 22095: 22090: 22085: 22080: 22075: 22070: 22065: 22060: 22055: 22054: 22053: 22043: 22038: 22032: 22030: 22023: 22010: 22002: 22001: 21999: 21998: 21993: 21987: 21984: 21983: 21976: 21975: 21968: 21961: 21953: 21944: 21943: 21931: 21928: 21927: 21925: 21924: 21917: 21912: 21907: 21902: 21901: 21900: 21890: 21885: 21880: 21875: 21870: 21865: 21860: 21855: 21850: 21845: 21840: 21839: 21838: 21827: 21825: 21821: 21820: 21818: 21817: 21812: 21807: 21802: 21797: 21792: 21791: 21790: 21780: 21779: 21778: 21773: 21768: 21763: 21758: 21753: 21742: 21740: 21734: 21733: 21731: 21730: 21725: 21720: 21715: 21710: 21705: 21700: 21695: 21690: 21689: 21688: 21678: 21673: 21668: 21662: 21660: 21656: 21655: 21653: 21652: 21647: 21642: 21637: 21632: 21627: 21622: 21617: 21612: 21607: 21602: 21597: 21592: 21587: 21582: 21577: 21571: 21569: 21563: 21562: 21560: 21559: 21558: 21557: 21547: 21542: 21536: 21534: 21528: 21527: 21525: 21524: 21519: 21514: 21508: 21506: 21500: 21499: 21497: 21496: 21491: 21490: 21489: 21484: 21474: 21469: 21464: 21459: 21454: 21452:Francop Affair 21449: 21444: 21439: 21434: 21433: 21432: 21427: 21417: 21416: 21415: 21410: 21405: 21400: 21389: 21387: 21381: 21380: 21378: 21377: 21372: 21367: 21362: 21361: 21360: 21349: 21347: 21341: 21340: 21338: 21337: 21332: 21327: 21321: 21319: 21313: 21312: 21305: 21304: 21297: 21290: 21282: 21273: 21272: 21270: 21269: 21264: 21259: 21254: 21249: 21240: 21234: 21232: 21231:Related topics 21228: 21227: 21225: 21224: 21217:United Nations 21214: 21209: 21207:European Union 21204: 21198: 21196: 21192: 21191: 21189: 21188: 21187: 21186: 21176: 21170: 21168: 21164: 21163: 21161: 21160: 21155: 21149: 21147: 21143: 21142: 21140: 21139: 21137:United Kingdom 21134: 21129: 21124: 21119: 21114: 21109: 21104: 21099: 21094: 21089: 21084: 21079: 21074: 21069: 21064: 21059: 21054: 21049: 21044: 21039: 21034: 21029: 21024: 21019: 21014: 21009: 21004: 20999: 20994: 20989: 20984: 20979: 20974: 20968: 20966: 20962: 20961: 20959: 20958: 20953: 20948: 20943: 20938: 20933: 20928: 20923: 20918: 20913: 20908: 20903: 20898: 20893: 20888: 20883: 20878: 20873: 20868: 20863: 20858: 20853: 20848: 20843: 20836: 20831: 20826: 20821: 20816: 20811: 20806: 20801: 20796: 20791: 20786: 20781: 20775: 20773: 20769: 20768: 20766: 20765: 20760: 20755: 20750: 20745: 20740: 20735: 20730: 20725: 20720: 20715: 20710: 20705: 20700: 20694: 20692: 20688: 20687: 20680: 20678: 20676: 20675: 20670: 20665: 20660: 20655: 20650: 20645: 20640: 20635: 20630: 20625: 20620: 20615: 20610: 20605: 20600: 20595: 20590: 20584: 20582: 20578: 20577: 20563: 20562: 20555: 20548: 20540: 20531: 20530: 20528: 20527: 20522: 20517: 20512: 20511: 20510: 20505: 20497: 20492: 20487: 20486: 20485: 20480: 20470: 20465: 20460: 20455: 20450: 20444: 20442: 20438: 20437: 20435: 20434: 20432:United Nations 20429: 20427:European Union 20424: 20419: 20414: 20413: 20412: 20401: 20399: 20395: 20394: 20392: 20391: 20386: 20381: 20375: 20373: 20369: 20368: 20366: 20365: 20360: 20355: 20350: 20345: 20340: 20335: 20330: 20325: 20320: 20314: 20312: 20308: 20307: 20305: 20304: 20302:United Kingdom 20299: 20294: 20289: 20284: 20279: 20274: 20269: 20264: 20259: 20254: 20249: 20244: 20239: 20234: 20229: 20224: 20219: 20214: 20209: 20204: 20199: 20194: 20189: 20184: 20179: 20174: 20169: 20164: 20162:Czech Republic 20159: 20154: 20149: 20144: 20139: 20134: 20128: 20126: 20122: 20121: 20119: 20118: 20113: 20108: 20103: 20098: 20093: 20088: 20083: 20078: 20073: 20068: 20063: 20058: 20053: 20046: 20041: 20036: 20031: 20026: 20021: 20016: 20011: 20006: 20001: 19996: 19991: 19986: 19985: 19984: 19974: 19969: 19964: 19959: 19954: 19949: 19948: 19947: 19937: 19932: 19927: 19922: 19917: 19912: 19907: 19901: 19899: 19895: 19894: 19892: 19891: 19886: 19881: 19880: 19879: 19869: 19864: 19859: 19854: 19849: 19844: 19839: 19834: 19829: 19824: 19819: 19814: 19809: 19803: 19801: 19797: 19796: 19789: 19787: 19785: 19784: 19779: 19774: 19769: 19764: 19759: 19754: 19749: 19744: 19739: 19734: 19729: 19724: 19719: 19714: 19709: 19704: 19699: 19694: 19689: 19684: 19679: 19674: 19669: 19664: 19659: 19654: 19649: 19644: 19639: 19634: 19629: 19623: 19621: 19617: 19616: 19602: 19601: 19594: 19587: 19579: 19570: 19569: 19565: 19564: 19561: 19560: 19558: 19557: 19552: 19546: 19544: 19536: 19534: 19533: 19528: 19523: 19518: 19513: 19505: 19497: 19495: 19494: 19492:Oslo II Accord 19489: 19481: 19480: 19478: 19474: 19473: 19468: 19463: 19461:East Jerusalem 19457: 19455: 19454: 19448: 19446: 19445: 19443: 19442: 19436: 19434: 19428: 19427: 19426: 19418: 19416: 19415: 19410: 19405: 19400: 19392: 19391: 19389: 19386: 19385: 19380: 19378: 19377: 19372: 19366: 19364: 19359: 19351: 19349: 19348: 19343: 19338: 19333: 19328: 19320: 19318: 19317: 19312: 19306: 19305: 19302: 19301: 19296: 19291: 19283: 19280: 19279: 19268: 19267: 19260: 19253: 19245: 19236: 19235: 19231: 19230: 19227: 19226: 19218:East Jerusalem 19175: 19173: 19166: 19160: 19157: 19156: 19083: 19082: 19080: 19073: 19067: 19029: 19026: 19025: 19023: 19022: 19005: 19000: 18990: 18977: 18976: 18971: 18966: 18952: 18951: 18944: 18943: 18938: 18933: 18931:Land of Israel 18925: 18922: 18921: 18918:Land of Israel 18910: 18909: 18902: 18895: 18887: 18878: 18877: 18874: 18873: 18871: 18870: 18864: 18863: 18862: 18857: 18852: 18847: 18836: 18829: 18827: 18820: 18819: 18817: 18816: 18810: 18804: 18798: 18792: 18786: 18776: 18758: 18748: 18742: 18732: 18726: 18720: 18710: 18704: 18698: 18692: 18682: 18676: 18669: 18667: 18663: 18662: 18660: 18659: 18653: 18647: 18641: 18635: 18629: 18610: 18600: 18590: 18580: 18570: 18564: 18554: 18547: 18545: 18541: 18540: 18538: 18537: 18531: 18525: 18519: 18513: 18507: 18501: 18495: 18489: 18483: 18477: 18471: 18461: 18455: 18449: 18443: 18436: 18434: 18430: 18429: 18424:Diplomacy and 18421: 18420: 18413: 18406: 18398: 18391: 18390: 18387: 18386: 18384: 18383: 18382: 18381: 18373: 18363: 18353: 18345: 18335: 18327: 18319: 18311: 18303: 18295: 18285: 18280:Returning Echo 18275: 18267: 18259: 18251: 18233: 18225: 18215: 18205: 18195: 18187: 18179: 18170: 18168: 18164: 18163: 18161: 18160: 18150: 18145:Accountability 18140: 18128: 18118: 18110: 18102: 18094: 18090:First Intifada 18086: 18076: 18068: 18064:Bus 300 affair 18060: 18052: 18042: 18033: 18031: 18027: 18026: 18024: 18023: 18013: 18005: 17995: 17987: 17979: 17971: 17961: 17953: 17945: 17937: 17933:Yom Kippur War 17929: 17919: 17911: 17903: 17895: 17887: 17878: 17876: 17872: 17871: 17869: 17868: 17860: 17852: 17844: 17836: 17834: 17830: 17829: 17822: 17821: 17814: 17807: 17799: 17792: 17791: 17788: 17787: 17785: 17784: 17779: 17773: 17771: 17767: 17766: 17764: 17763: 17761:United Nations 17758: 17756:European Union 17752: 17750: 17746: 17745: 17743: 17742: 17737: 17732: 17730:United Kingdom 17727: 17722: 17717: 17712: 17707: 17702: 17696: 17694: 17690: 17689: 17686: 17685: 17683: 17682: 17677: 17672: 17667: 17662: 17657: 17652: 17647: 17642: 17637: 17632: 17626: 17624: 17620: 17619: 17617: 17616: 17611: 17606: 17601: 17596: 17591: 17586: 17581: 17576: 17571: 17566: 17564:al-Mourabitoun 17561: 17556: 17551: 17546: 17541: 17536: 17531: 17526: 17521: 17516: 17511: 17506: 17501: 17495: 17493: 17486: 17482: 17481: 17479: 17478: 17469: 17464: 17459: 17454: 17449: 17447:Ba'athist Iraq 17440: 17435: 17426: 17420: 17418: 17412: 17411: 17408: 17407: 17404: 17401: 17397: 17394: 17393: 17386: 17379: 17371: 17364: 17363: 17356: 17355: 17348: 17341: 17333: 17324: 17323: 17320: 17319: 17317: 17316: 17311: 17305: 17303: 17299: 17298: 17296: 17295: 17294: 17293: 17283: 17278: 17273: 17267: 17265: 17258: 17254: 17253: 17250: 17249: 17247: 17246: 17245: 17244: 17239: 17234: 17229: 17224: 17219: 17214: 17204: 17203: 17202: 17192: 17191: 17190: 17180: 17179: 17178: 17173: 17163: 17162: 17161: 17156: 17151: 17141: 17140: 17139: 17134: 17133: 17132: 17122: 17120:Qatif conflict 17112: 17111: 17110: 17100: 17095: 17090: 17084: 17082: 17078: 17077: 17075: 17074: 17069: 17067:Papua conflict 17064: 17063: 17062: 17057: 17047: 17046: 17045: 17040: 17035: 17030: 17028:Karen conflict 17025: 17020: 17015: 17004: 17002: 16996: 16995: 16993: 16992: 16991: 16990: 16985: 16980: 16975: 16970: 16965: 16954: 16953: 16948: 16943: 16937: 16936: 16935: 16934: 16923: 16922: 16921: 16920: 16915: 16904: 16902: 16898: 16897: 16895: 16894: 16888: 16886: 16882: 16881: 16879: 16878: 16872: 16870: 16863: 16859: 16858: 16855: 16854: 16852: 16851: 16846: 16841: 16836: 16831: 16825: 16823: 16819: 16818: 16816: 16815: 16810: 16805: 16800: 16795: 16789: 16787: 16780: 16776: 16775: 16772: 16771: 16769: 16768: 16763: 16762: 16761: 16751: 16746: 16741: 16740: 16739: 16734: 16729: 16724: 16713: 16711: 16707: 16706: 16704: 16703: 16702: 16701: 16691: 16686: 16685: 16684: 16674: 16669: 16664: 16663: 16662: 16657: 16652: 16642: 16636: 16634: 16630: 16629: 16627: 16626: 16625: 16624: 16614: 16609: 16604: 16603: 16602: 16597: 16595:Oromo conflict 16592: 16590:OLA insurgency 16587: 16577: 16575:ADF insurgency 16571: 16569: 16565: 16564: 16562: 16561: 16556: 16555: 16554: 16544: 16543: 16542: 16537: 16535:Ituri conflict 16527: 16522: 16517: 16512: 16507: 16501: 16499: 16492: 16488: 16487: 16480: 16479: 16472: 16465: 16457: 16451: 16448: 16447: 16435: 16434: 16431: 16430: 16428: 16427: 16422: 16417: 16412: 16407: 16405:Media coverage 16402: 16401: 16400: 16395: 16390: 16382: 16377: 16371: 16368: 16367: 16357: 16356: 16353: 16352: 16349: 16348: 16346: 16345: 16344: 16343: 16337: 16329: 16323: 16314: 16308: 16302: 16296: 16291: 16285: 16283: 16282:United Nations 16279: 16278: 16275: 16274: 16272: 16271: 16265: 16259: 16252: 16250: 16246: 16245: 16243: 16242: 16233: 16227: 16221: 16215: 16209: 16203: 16197: 16191: 16180: 16178: 16174: 16173: 16171: 16170: 16164: 16158: 16152: 16146: 16140: 16138:Paris Protocol 16134: 16128: 16122: 16115: 16113: 16109: 16108: 16106: 16105: 16104: 16103: 16098: 16087: 16081: 16080: 16079: 16067: 16065: 16058: 16050: 16049: 16039: 16038: 16035: 16034: 16031: 16030: 16027: 16026: 16024: 16023: 16013: 16007: 16001: 15991: 15981: 15975: 15969: 15959: 15953: 15947: 15937: 15927:"Summer Rains" 15914: 15912: 15905: 15898: 15895: 15894: 15891: 15890: 15888: 15887: 15881: 15875: 15869: 15864: 15858: 15852: 15842: 15835: 15833: 15826: 15821: 15818: 15817: 15814: 15813: 15811: 15810: 15796: 15790: 15766: 15758: 15756:October events 15752: 15747: 15746: 15745: 15735: 15734: 15733: 15722: 15720: 15713: 15707: 15706: 15703: 15702: 15700: 15699: 15693: 15692: 15691: 15680: 15674: 15672:Bus 405 attack 15668: 15661: 15659: 15652: 15650:First Intifada 15646: 15645: 15642: 15641: 15639: 15638: 15632: 15619: 15617:Bus 300 affair 15613: 15607: 15606: 15605: 15594: 15588: 15586:Yom Kippur War 15581: 15579: 15572: 15568: 15567: 15564: 15563: 15561: 15560: 15554: 15544: 15538: 15532: 15522: 15503: 15496: 15494: 15487: 15480: 15477: 15476: 15473: 15472: 15470: 15469: 15468: 15467: 15455: 15449: 15435: 15433:Qibya massacre 15429: 15428: 15427: 15421: 15409: 15408: 15407: 15395: 15393: 15386: 15382: 15381: 15378: 15377: 15375: 15374: 15368: 15362: 15356: 15355: 15354: 15343: 15337: 15336: 15335: 15330: 15321: 15319: 15312: 15302: 15301: 15299: 15298: 15297: 15296: 15278: 15277: 15274: 15273: 15270: 15269: 15267: 15266: 15261: 15256: 15251: 15249:Ramadan Shalah 15246: 15241: 15236: 15231: 15226: 15221: 15216: 15211: 15206: 15201: 15196: 15191: 15186: 15181: 15176: 15171: 15166: 15164:Nayef Hawatmeh 15161: 15159:Ismail Haniyeh 15156: 15151: 15146: 15141: 15136: 15131: 15126: 15121: 15116: 15111: 15105: 15103: 15097: 15096: 15094: 15093: 15088: 15083: 15078: 15076:Shabtai Shavit 15073: 15068: 15066:Yitzhak Shamir 15063: 15058: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15018: 15013: 15008: 15003: 14998: 14993: 14988: 14983: 14978: 14976:Menachem Begin 14973: 14968: 14963: 14958: 14953: 14947: 14945: 14935: 14934: 14924: 14923: 14920: 14919: 14916: 14915: 14913: 14912: 14907: 14901: 14899: 14895: 14894: 14891: 14890: 14888: 14887: 14885:Sons of Zouari 14882: 14877: 14872: 14867: 14862: 14857: 14852: 14847: 14842: 14840:Jenin Brigades 14837: 14832: 14827: 14821: 14819: 14815: 14814: 14812: 14811: 14806: 14801: 14796: 14791: 14785: 14783: 14776: 14770: 14769: 14767: 14766: 14761: 14756: 14751: 14745: 14743: 14733: 14732: 14722: 14721: 14714: 14713: 14706: 14699: 14691: 14685: 14684: 14679: 14674: 14669: 14664: 14659: 14654: 14649: 14644: 14639: 14633: 14620: 14619: 14607: 14606: 14600: 14583: 14577: 14572: 14561: 14560: 14554: 14548: 14532: 14527: 14516: 14515: 14510: 14499: 14498: 14495:The Media Line 14492: 14486: 14480: 14474: 14469: 14464: 14450: 14435: 14434: 14429: 14421:United Nations 14417: 14416:External links 14414: 14412: 14411: 14398: 14383: 14377: 14364: 14358: 14343: 14337: 14322: 14317:978-0198298915 14316: 14297: 14291: 14273:Slater, Jerome 14269: 14263: 14241: 14235: 14213: 14207: 14197:, ed. (2002). 14191: 14185: 14170: 14164: 14142: 14136: 14114: 14108: 14086: 14035: 14029: 14007: 14001: 13979: 13973: 13951: 13945: 13923: 13917: 13897: 13895: 13892: 13890: 13889: 13852: 13841: 13821: 13789: 13769: 13737: 13718: 13686: 13656: 13623: 13584: 13567:United Nations 13543: 13511: 13479: 13447: 13415: 13383: 13351: 13320: 13294: 13254: 13242: 13230: 13198: 13166: 13133: 13097: 13078: 13059: 13024: 12988: 12953: 12934: 12908: 12893: 12865: 12836: 12806: 12774: 12748: 12718: 12685: 12652: 12619: 12607: 12575: 12543: 12511: 12480: 12452: 12441: 12420: 12409: 12383: 12371: 12359: 12349: 12325: 12313: 12287: 12275: 12243: 12236: 12212: 12205: 12179: 12157: 12124: 12112: 12101: 12075: 12063: 12053: 12026: 11985: 11975: 11951: 11940: 11934:. p. 50. 11916: 11909: 11888: 11855: 11820: 11813: 11785: 11758:(3): 586–614. 11740: 11714: 11688: 11677: 11655: 11644: 11626: 11611: 11589: 11560:(1): 121–137. 11538: 11531: 11504: 11497: 11476: 11446: 11439: 11414: 11407: 11376: 11369: 11341: 11301: 11266: 11240: 11228: 11216: 11204: 11192: 11162: 11157:United Nations 11143: 11117: 11098: 11078:Peters, Joel; 11067: 11050: 11018: 11003:. p. 96. 10987: 10951: 10932: 10910: 10892: 10885: 10867: 10860: 10842: 10826:on 5 June 2014 10804: 10778: 10745: 10712: 10689: 10678: 10658: 10641: 10629: 10599: 10588: 10562: 10555: 10537: 10530: 10510: 10498: 10491: 10466: 10459: 10434: 10423: 10394: 10383: 10359: 10352: 10336:"Introduction" 10326: 10319: 10301: 10269: 10254:. 8 May 2014. 10237: 10204: 10172: 10155:Jerusalem Post 10142: 10135: 10115: 10098:Algemeiner.com 10084: 10052: 10020: 10001: 9968: 9960:Tanya Reinhart 9952: 9933: 9897: 9884: 9854: 9824: 9791: 9758: 9725: 9692: 9677: 9653: 9620: 9603:Almasry Alyoum 9589: 9577: 9546: 9513: 9481: 9445: 9413: 9389: 9370: 9346: 9314: 9299:. Mag.idf.il. 9288: 9276: 9244: 9214: 9182: 9150: 9137: 9128: 9119: 9107: 9082: 9070: 9053: 9038: 9019: 9007: 8995: 8983: 8974: 8942: 8910: 8879: 8848: 8817: 8787: 8757: 8727: 8697: 8667: 8634: 8627: 8603: 8596: 8575: 8545: 8511: 8500: 8482: 8442: 8432: 8413: 8341: 8309: 8297: 8274: 8252: 8222: 8215: 8195: 8169: 8133: 8108: 8098: 8075: 8043: 8011: 7979: 7946: 7914: 7882: 7849: 7821: 7792: 7760: 7728: 7696: 7675: 7650: 7629: 7597: 7565: 7532: 7499: 7473: 7440: 7408: 7396: 7338: 7328: 7304: 7267: 7255: 7216: 7188: 7176: 7164: 7152: 7141: 7114: 7107: 7080: 7073: 7041: 7034: 7002: 6990: 6978: 6971: 6951: 6942: 6933: 6917: 6910: 6883: 6872: 6865: 6845: 6838: 6809: 6797: 6785: 6770: 6763: 6738: 6723: 6711: 6699: 6687: 6680: 6656: 6647: 6640: 6620: 6605: 6585: 6565: 6544: 6524: 6492: 6459: 6427: 6401: 6370: 6349: 6319: 6281: 6254: 6222: 6202: 6170: 6137: 6111: 6091: 6071: 6053: 6021: 5991: 5961: 5929: 5892: 5885: 5854: 5813: 5781: 5751: 5717: 5705: 5694: 5670: 5659: 5632: 5620: 5608: 5597: 5573: 5562: 5538: 5527: 5507: 5495: 5484: 5460: 5448: 5436: 5424: 5412: 5400: 5388: 5377: 5353: 5342: 5324: 5312: 5300: 5280: 5255: 5244:on 24 May 2012 5229: 5222: 5200: 5181: 5130: 5114: 5102: 5083: 5077:. p. 66. 5056: 5049: 5027: 5015: 5003: 4964: 4945: 4924: 4912: 4896: 4877: 4867:(3 ed.). 4850: 4838: 4828: 4799: 4788: 4768: 4756: 4745: 4739:. p. 66. 4718: 4707: 4683: 4671: 4664: 4635: 4556: 4537: 4531:. p. 64. 4510: 4494: 4487: 4464: 4452: 4440: 4404: 4378: 4371: 4337: 4297: 4267: 4233: 4226: 4204: 4198:978-0190625337 4197: 4175: 4173:, p. 237. 4163: 4151: 4125: 4103: 4078: 4050: 4024: 3996: 3982: 3957: 3950: 3920: 3909:(2): 216–240. 3893: 3855: 3838: 3819: 3812: 3806:. p. 61. 3788: 3781: 3775:. p. 67. 3759: 3743: 3716: 3690: 3678: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3636: 3625: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3616: 3614:Seeds of Peace 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3468: 3465: 3449: 3446: 3407:first intifada 3363: 3362: 3343: 3341: 3334: 3314: 3311: 3280: 3277: 3261: 3258: 3243:Sharm el-Sheik 3206: 3205: 3188:September 2018 3156: 3154: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3118:First Intifada 3089: 3086: 3055:El Al Airlines 3047: 3044: 3017: 3014: 2990: 2987: 2977: 2974: 2951:Oslo II Accord 2890: 2887: 2859:Qassam rockets 2802:Remains of an 2781: 2778: 2696:New Historians 2680:New Historians 2615: 2612: 2578:al-Aqsa mosque 2561: 2558: 2546:Al-Aqsa Mosque 2488:remote sensing 2475:Al-Aqsa Mosque 2459:Main article: 2456: 2453: 2438: 2435: 2420: 2417: 2389: 2383: 2374: 2357: 2354: 2259: 2256: 2219: 2216: 2194:Protestors in 2184:Main article: 2181: 2178: 2149:of the Fourth 2097:Main article: 2094: 2091: 2059:East Jerusalem 2016: 2013: 1949:Main article: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1940:Current status 1938: 1837:Main article: 1834: 1831: 1771:George W. Bush 1759:Main article: 1756: 1753: 1729:Main article: 1726: 1723: 1692:Main article: 1689: 1686: 1638:Main article: 1635: 1632: 1570:peace movement 1558:Main article: 1555: 1552: 1524: 1521: 1502:Main article: 1499: 1496: 1491:Yitzhak Shamir 1474: 1471: 1357: 1354: 1312: 1309: 1296:United Nations 1288:130 fatalities 1260:Main article: 1257: 1254: 1219:First Intifada 1217:Main article: 1214: 1211: 1180:Main article: 1177: 1174: 1159:Yom Kippur War 1157:Main article: 1154: 1151: 1091:Main article: 1088: 1085: 1048:Main article: 1045: 1042: 1024:Following the 1006:Main article: 1003: 1000: 947:Main article: 944: 941: 887: 884: 872:Chaim Weizmann 817:Main article: 814: 811: 761: 758: 746:Chaim Weizmann 696:Arab-Christian 671:Main article: 668: 665: 524:partition plan 516:an Arab revolt 498:region during 410: 409: 368:First Intifada 336: 335: 332: 328: 327: 323: 322: 284: 283: 282:(1994–present) 269: 268:(1964–present) 256: 242: 240: 224: 223: 219: 218: 215: 214: 212: 211: 209: 208: 205:Oslo II Accord 201: 194: 189: 187: 186: 179: 170: 169: 168: 166: 165: 160: 158: 157: 149: 140: 139: 138: 136: 130: 129: 127: 126: 125:(intermittent) 120: 113: 110: 106: 105: 102: 101: 96: 92: 91: 89: 85: 84: 81: 73: 72: 48: 47: 40: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 25388: 25377: 25374: 25372: 25369: 25367: 25364: 25362: 25359: 25357: 25354: 25352: 25349: 25347: 25344: 25342: 25339: 25337: 25334: 25332: 25329: 25327: 25324: 25322: 25319: 25317: 25314: 25312: 25309: 25307: 25304: 25302: 25299: 25297: 25294: 25292: 25289: 25288: 25286: 25276: 25266: 25264: 25254: 25253: 25250: 25231: 25223: 25222: 25219: 25213: 25210: 25208: 25205: 25203: 25200: 25198: 25195: 25193: 25190: 25188: 25185: 25183: 25180: 25178: 25175: 25173: 25170: 25168: 25165: 25163: 25162:Greater Yemen 25160: 25158: 25157:Greater Syria 25155: 25153: 25150: 25148: 25145: 25143: 25140: 25138: 25135: 25134: 25132: 25128: 25122: 25119: 25117: 25114: 25112: 25109: 25107: 25104: 25102: 25099: 25097: 25094: 25093: 25091: 25089: 25085: 25079: 25078: 25074: 25072: 25071: 25067: 25065: 25064: 25060: 25059: 25057: 25053: 25047: 25044: 25042: 25039: 25037: 25034: 25032: 25029: 25027: 25024: 25022: 25019: 25017: 25014: 25012: 25009: 25007: 25004: 25002: 24999: 24997: 24994: 24992: 24989: 24987: 24984: 24982: 24979: 24977: 24974: 24972: 24969: 24967: 24964: 24962: 24959: 24957: 24954: 24952: 24949: 24947: 24944: 24942: 24939: 24937: 24934: 24932: 24929: 24927: 24924: 24922: 24919: 24917: 24914: 24912: 24909: 24907: 24904: 24902: 24899: 24897: 24894: 24892: 24889: 24887: 24884: 24882: 24879: 24877: 24874: 24873: 24871: 24869: 24868:Organizations 24865: 24859: 24856: 24854: 24851: 24849: 24846: 24844: 24841: 24839: 24836: 24834: 24831: 24829: 24826: 24824: 24821: 24819: 24816: 24814: 24811: 24809: 24806: 24804: 24801: 24799: 24796: 24794: 24791: 24789: 24788:George Habash 24786: 24784: 24781: 24779: 24776: 24774: 24771: 24769: 24768:Izzat Darwaza 24766: 24764: 24761: 24759: 24756: 24754: 24751: 24749: 24746: 24744: 24741: 24739: 24736: 24734: 24731: 24729: 24726: 24724: 24721: 24719: 24716: 24714: 24711: 24709: 24706: 24704: 24703:Yasser Arafat 24701: 24699: 24696: 24694: 24691: 24689: 24686: 24685: 24683: 24681: 24680:Personalities 24677: 24671: 24668: 24666: 24663: 24661: 24658: 24656: 24655:Arab identity 24653: 24652: 24650: 24646: 24640: 24637: 24635: 24632: 24630: 24627: 24625: 24622: 24620: 24617: 24615: 24612: 24610: 24607: 24605: 24602: 24600: 24597: 24595: 24592: 24590: 24587: 24585: 24582: 24580: 24577: 24575: 24572: 24570: 24569:Arab Cold War 24567: 24565: 24562: 24560: 24557: 24555: 24552: 24550: 24547: 24545: 24542: 24540: 24537: 24533: 24530: 24528: 24525: 24523: 24520: 24518: 24515: 24513: 24510: 24509: 24508: 24505: 24503: 24500: 24498: 24495: 24493: 24490: 24486: 24483: 24482: 24481: 24478: 24476: 24473: 24469: 24466: 24465: 24464: 24461: 24459: 24456: 24455: 24453: 24449: 24443: 24440: 24438: 24435: 24433: 24430: 24428: 24425: 24423: 24420: 24419: 24417: 24413: 24409: 24402: 24397: 24395: 24390: 24388: 24383: 24382: 24379: 24367: 24359: 24358: 24355: 24348: 24344: 24342: 24339: 24336: 24332: 24330: 24327: 24325: 24322: 24319: 24315: 24312: 24308: 24305: 24301: 24299: 24296: 24294: 24291: 24289: 24288: 24284: 24282: 24279: 24277: 24276:Blockout 2024 24274: 24272: 24269: 24266: 24262: 24260: 24257: 24255: 24252: 24250: 24247: 24246: 24244: 24238: 24228: 24225: 24223: 24220: 24218: 24215: 24213: 24210: 24208: 24205: 24204: 24202: 24198: 24192: 24189: 24187: 24184: 24182: 24179: 24177: 24174: 24172: 24169: 24167: 24164: 24163: 24161: 24157: 24154: 24148: 24138: 24137:Friendly fire 24135: 24133: 24130: 24129: 24127: 24123: 24117: 24114: 24112: 24109: 24107: 24104: 24102: 24099: 24097: 24094: 24093: 24091: 24089: 24085: 24079: 24076: 24074: 24071: 24069: 24066: 24064: 24061: 24059: 24056: 24054: 24051: 24049: 24046: 24044: 24041: 24039: 24036: 24035: 24033: 24029: 24019: 24016: 24014: 24011: 24009: 24006: 24004: 24001: 23999: 23996: 23994: 23991: 23989: 23986: 23984: 23981: 23979: 23976: 23974: 23971: 23969: 23966: 23964: 23961: 23959: 23956: 23954: 23951: 23949: 23946: 23944: 23941: 23939: 23936: 23934: 23933:Rashid Dabour 23931: 23929: 23926: 23924: 23921: 23919: 23918:Mohammad Bhar 23916: 23914: 23911: 23909: 23906: 23904: 23901: 23899: 23896: 23894: 23891: 23889: 23886: 23884: 23883:Hiba Abu Nada 23881: 23879: 23876: 23874: 23871: 23870: 23868: 23864: 23858: 23855: 23853: 23850: 23849: 23847: 23841: 23835: 23832: 23830: 23829:Alaa Shreiteh 23827: 23825: 23822: 23820: 23817: 23815: 23812: 23810: 23807: 23805: 23802: 23800: 23797: 23795: 23794:Mohammed Deif 23792: 23790: 23787: 23785: 23784:Wissam Farhat 23782: 23780: 23777: 23775: 23772: 23770: 23767: 23765: 23762: 23761: 23759: 23755: 23752: 23748: 23738: 23735: 23733: 23732:Vivian Silver 23730: 23728: 23725: 23723: 23720: 23718: 23717:Ofir Libstein 23715: 23713: 23712:Hayim Katsman 23710: 23708: 23705: 23703: 23700: 23699: 23697: 23693: 23687: 23684: 23682: 23679: 23677: 23674: 23672: 23669: 23667: 23664: 23662: 23661:Salman Habaka 23659: 23657: 23654: 23652: 23651:Jayar Davidov 23649: 23647: 23644: 23642: 23641:Alim Abdallah 23639: 23638: 23636: 23632: 23629: 23625: 23622: 23620: 23616: 23602: 23601: 23597: 23596: 23594: 23590: 23584: 23581: 23579: 23578: 23574: 23572: 23571: 23567: 23565: 23563: 23559: 23558: 23556: 23554:Global courts 23552: 23544: 23541: 23540: 23539: 23536: 23535: 23533: 23529: 23523: 23520: 23518: 23515: 23513: 23510: 23508: 23505: 23503: 23500: 23498: 23495: 23494: 23492: 23488: 23480: 23477: 23475: 23472: 23471: 23469: 23465: 23462: 23460: 23459:Protest votes 23457: 23455: 23452: 23450: 23447: 23445: 23442: 23440: 23437: 23435: 23432: 23431: 23430: 23429:United States 23427: 23425: 23422: 23418: 23415: 23414: 23413: 23410: 23406: 23403: 23402: 23400: 23396: 23393: 23392: 23390: 23386: 23383: 23381: 23378: 23376: 23373: 23372: 23371: 23368: 23367: 23365: 23363: 23359: 23351: 23348: 23346: 23343: 23341: 23338: 23336: 23333: 23331: 23328: 23327: 23326: 23323: 23321: 23318: 23316: 23313: 23309: 23306: 23305: 23304: 23301: 23300: 23298: 23294: 23288: 23285: 23283: 23280: 23279: 23277: 23275: 23271: 23265: 23262: 23260: 23257: 23255: 23252: 23250: 23247: 23245: 23242: 23240: 23237: 23235: 23232: 23230: 23227: 23225: 23222: 23218: 23215: 23213: 23210: 23209: 23208: 23205: 23204: 23202: 23200: 23196: 23186: 23183: 23181: 23178: 23176: 23173: 23172: 23171: 23168: 23166: 23163: 23162: 23161: 23158: 23156: 23153: 23149: 23146: 23145: 23144: 23141: 23137: 23134: 23132: 23129: 23127: 23124: 23123: 23122: 23119: 23117: 23114: 23110: 23107: 23105: 23102: 23100: 23097: 23095: 23092: 23090: 23087: 23086: 23085: 23082: 23078: 23075: 23074: 23073: 23070: 23068: 23065: 23063: 23060: 23056: 23053: 23051: 23048: 23047: 23046: 23043: 23041: 23038: 23037: 23035: 23033: 23029: 23019: 23016: 23012: 23009: 23008: 23007: 23004: 23002: 22999: 22995: 22992: 22990: 22987: 22985: 22982: 22981: 22980: 22977: 22975: 22974:Human shields 22972: 22968: 22965: 22964: 22963: 22960: 22956: 22953: 22951: 22948: 22947: 22946: 22943: 22941: 22938: 22936: 22933: 22932: 22930: 22926: 22920: 22917: 22915: 22912: 22910: 22907: 22905: 22902: 22900: 22897: 22895: 22892: 22890: 22887: 22885: 22882: 22880: 22877: 22875: 22872: 22871: 22869: 22863: 22853: 22850: 22848: 22845: 22843: 22840: 22839: 22837: 22833: 22827: 22824: 22822: 22819: 22817: 22814: 22813: 22811: 22807: 22801: 22798: 22794: 22791: 22790: 22789: 22786: 22784: 22781: 22779: 22776: 22775: 22773: 22769: 22763: 22760: 22758: 22757:Oded Lifshitz 22755: 22753: 22750: 22749: 22747: 22743: 22737: 22734: 22732: 22729: 22727: 22726: 22722: 22720: 22717: 22716: 22714: 22712: 22706: 22692: 22691: 22686: 22684: 22681: 22679: 22677: 22676:Marlin Luanda 22673: 22671: 22668: 22666: 22665: 22660: 22658: 22655: 22654: 22652: 22650: 22646: 22640: 22637: 22635: 22632: 22630: 22627: 22625: 22622: 22621: 22619: 22617: 22613: 22607: 22604: 22602: 22599: 22597: 22594: 22592: 22589: 22585: 22582: 22580: 22577: 22575: 22572: 22571: 22570: 22567: 22563: 22560: 22559: 22558: 22555: 22553: 22550: 22549: 22547: 22545: 22539: 22529: 22526: 22524: 22523:Gaza genocide 22521: 22519: 22516: 22514: 22511: 22509: 22506: 22504: 22501: 22500: 22498: 22494: 22488: 22485: 22483: 22480: 22478: 22475: 22473: 22470: 22468: 22465: 22463: 22460: 22458: 22455: 22453: 22452:Rafah strikes 22450: 22448: 22445: 22443: 22440: 22438: 22435: 22434: 22432: 22430:Other attacks 22428: 22420: 22417: 22416: 22415: 22412: 22410: 22407: 22405: 22402: 22400: 22397: 22393: 22390: 22388: 22385: 22384: 22383: 22380: 22378: 22375: 22374: 22372: 22370: 22364: 22358: 22355: 22353: 22350: 22348: 22345: 22343: 22340: 22338: 22335: 22333: 22330: 22328: 22325: 22323: 22320: 22319: 22317: 22315: 22311: 22305: 22302: 22300: 22297: 22295: 22292: 22290: 22287: 22285: 22282: 22280: 22277: 22275: 22272: 22270: 22267: 22263: 22260: 22259: 22258: 22255: 22251: 22248: 22247: 22246: 22243: 22242: 22240: 22238: 22237:refugee camps 22232: 22224: 22221: 22220: 22219: 22216: 22214: 22211: 22209: 22206: 22204: 22201: 22200: 22198: 22196: 22188: 22178: 22177: 22173: 22171: 22168: 22166: 22163: 22161: 22158: 22156: 22153: 22151: 22148: 22147: 22145: 22141: 22135: 22132: 22130: 22127: 22125: 22122: 22120: 22117: 22115: 22112: 22111: 22109: 22105: 22099: 22096: 22094: 22091: 22089: 22086: 22084: 22081: 22079: 22076: 22074: 22071: 22069: 22066: 22064: 22061: 22059: 22056: 22052: 22049: 22048: 22047: 22044: 22042: 22039: 22037: 22036:Netiv HaAsara 22034: 22033: 22031: 22027: 22024: 22022: 22014: 22011: 22009: 22003: 21997: 21994: 21992: 21989: 21988: 21985: 21981: 21974: 21969: 21967: 21962: 21960: 21955: 21954: 21951: 21941: 21940: 21929: 21923: 21922: 21918: 21916: 21913: 21911: 21908: 21906: 21903: 21899: 21896: 21895: 21894: 21891: 21889: 21886: 21884: 21881: 21879: 21876: 21874: 21871: 21869: 21866: 21864: 21861: 21859: 21856: 21854: 21851: 21849: 21846: 21844: 21841: 21837: 21834: 21833: 21832: 21829: 21828: 21826: 21822: 21816: 21813: 21811: 21808: 21806: 21803: 21801: 21798: 21796: 21793: 21789: 21786: 21785: 21784: 21781: 21777: 21774: 21772: 21769: 21767: 21764: 21762: 21759: 21757: 21754: 21752: 21749: 21748: 21747: 21744: 21743: 21741: 21739: 21735: 21729: 21726: 21724: 21721: 21719: 21716: 21714: 21711: 21709: 21706: 21704: 21701: 21699: 21696: 21694: 21691: 21687: 21684: 21683: 21682: 21679: 21677: 21674: 21672: 21669: 21667: 21664: 21663: 21661: 21657: 21651: 21648: 21646: 21643: 21641: 21638: 21636: 21633: 21631: 21628: 21626: 21623: 21621: 21618: 21616: 21613: 21611: 21608: 21606: 21603: 21601: 21598: 21596: 21593: 21591: 21588: 21586: 21583: 21581: 21578: 21576: 21573: 21572: 21570: 21568: 21564: 21556: 21553: 21552: 21551: 21548: 21546: 21545:2014 Gaza War 21543: 21541: 21538: 21537: 21535: 21533: 21529: 21523: 21520: 21518: 21515: 21513: 21510: 21509: 21507: 21505: 21501: 21495: 21492: 21488: 21485: 21483: 21480: 21479: 21478: 21475: 21473: 21470: 21468: 21465: 21463: 21460: 21458: 21455: 21453: 21450: 21448: 21445: 21443: 21440: 21438: 21435: 21431: 21428: 21426: 21423: 21422: 21421: 21418: 21414: 21411: 21409: 21406: 21404: 21401: 21399: 21396: 21395: 21394: 21391: 21390: 21388: 21386: 21382: 21376: 21373: 21371: 21368: 21366: 21363: 21359: 21356: 21355: 21354: 21351: 21350: 21348: 21346: 21342: 21336: 21333: 21331: 21330:Iran–Iraq war 21328: 21326: 21323: 21322: 21320: 21318: 21314: 21310: 21303: 21298: 21296: 21291: 21289: 21284: 21283: 21280: 21268: 21265: 21263: 21262:Palestine 194 21260: 21258: 21255: 21253: 21250: 21248: 21244: 21241: 21239: 21236: 21235: 21233: 21229: 21222: 21218: 21215: 21213: 21210: 21208: 21205: 21203: 21200: 21199: 21197: 21193: 21185: 21182: 21181: 21180: 21177: 21175: 21172: 21171: 21169: 21165: 21159: 21156: 21154: 21151: 21150: 21148: 21144: 21138: 21135: 21133: 21130: 21128: 21125: 21123: 21120: 21118: 21115: 21113: 21110: 21108: 21105: 21103: 21100: 21098: 21095: 21093: 21090: 21088: 21085: 21083: 21080: 21078: 21075: 21073: 21070: 21068: 21065: 21063: 21060: 21058: 21055: 21053: 21050: 21048: 21045: 21043: 21040: 21038: 21035: 21033: 21030: 21028: 21025: 21023: 21020: 21018: 21015: 21013: 21010: 21008: 21005: 21003: 21000: 20998: 20995: 20993: 20990: 20988: 20985: 20983: 20980: 20978: 20975: 20973: 20970: 20969: 20967: 20963: 20957: 20954: 20952: 20949: 20947: 20944: 20942: 20939: 20937: 20934: 20932: 20929: 20927: 20924: 20922: 20919: 20917: 20914: 20912: 20909: 20907: 20904: 20902: 20899: 20897: 20894: 20892: 20889: 20887: 20884: 20882: 20879: 20877: 20874: 20872: 20869: 20867: 20864: 20862: 20859: 20857: 20854: 20852: 20849: 20847: 20844: 20842: 20841: 20837: 20835: 20832: 20830: 20827: 20825: 20822: 20820: 20817: 20815: 20812: 20810: 20807: 20805: 20802: 20800: 20797: 20795: 20792: 20790: 20787: 20785: 20782: 20780: 20777: 20776: 20774: 20770: 20764: 20761: 20759: 20756: 20754: 20753:United States 20751: 20749: 20746: 20744: 20741: 20739: 20736: 20734: 20731: 20729: 20726: 20724: 20721: 20719: 20716: 20714: 20711: 20709: 20706: 20704: 20701: 20699: 20696: 20695: 20693: 20689: 20684: 20674: 20671: 20669: 20666: 20664: 20661: 20659: 20656: 20654: 20651: 20649: 20646: 20644: 20641: 20639: 20636: 20634: 20631: 20629: 20626: 20624: 20621: 20619: 20616: 20614: 20611: 20609: 20606: 20604: 20601: 20599: 20596: 20594: 20591: 20589: 20586: 20585: 20583: 20579: 20575: 20570: 20561: 20556: 20554: 20549: 20547: 20542: 20541: 20538: 20526: 20523: 20521: 20518: 20516: 20513: 20509: 20506: 20504: 20501: 20500: 20498: 20496: 20493: 20491: 20488: 20484: 20481: 20479: 20476: 20475: 20474: 20471: 20469: 20466: 20464: 20461: 20459: 20456: 20454: 20451: 20449: 20446: 20445: 20443: 20439: 20433: 20430: 20428: 20425: 20423: 20420: 20418: 20415: 20411: 20408: 20407: 20406: 20403: 20402: 20400: 20396: 20390: 20387: 20385: 20382: 20380: 20377: 20376: 20374: 20372:Former states 20370: 20364: 20361: 20359: 20356: 20354: 20351: 20349: 20346: 20344: 20341: 20339: 20336: 20334: 20331: 20329: 20326: 20324: 20321: 20319: 20316: 20315: 20313: 20309: 20303: 20300: 20298: 20295: 20293: 20290: 20288: 20285: 20283: 20280: 20278: 20275: 20273: 20270: 20268: 20265: 20263: 20260: 20258: 20255: 20253: 20250: 20248: 20245: 20243: 20240: 20238: 20235: 20233: 20230: 20228: 20225: 20223: 20220: 20218: 20215: 20213: 20210: 20208: 20205: 20203: 20200: 20198: 20195: 20193: 20190: 20188: 20185: 20183: 20180: 20178: 20175: 20173: 20170: 20168: 20165: 20163: 20160: 20158: 20155: 20153: 20150: 20148: 20145: 20143: 20140: 20138: 20135: 20133: 20130: 20129: 20127: 20123: 20117: 20114: 20112: 20109: 20107: 20104: 20102: 20099: 20097: 20094: 20092: 20089: 20087: 20084: 20082: 20079: 20077: 20074: 20072: 20069: 20067: 20064: 20062: 20059: 20057: 20054: 20052: 20051: 20047: 20045: 20042: 20040: 20037: 20035: 20032: 20030: 20027: 20025: 20022: 20020: 20017: 20015: 20012: 20010: 20007: 20005: 20002: 20000: 19997: 19995: 19992: 19990: 19987: 19983: 19980: 19979: 19978: 19975: 19973: 19970: 19968: 19965: 19963: 19960: 19958: 19955: 19953: 19950: 19946: 19943: 19942: 19941: 19938: 19936: 19933: 19931: 19928: 19926: 19923: 19921: 19918: 19916: 19913: 19911: 19908: 19906: 19903: 19902: 19900: 19896: 19890: 19887: 19885: 19882: 19878: 19875: 19874: 19873: 19872:United States 19870: 19868: 19865: 19863: 19860: 19858: 19855: 19853: 19850: 19848: 19845: 19843: 19840: 19838: 19835: 19833: 19830: 19828: 19825: 19823: 19820: 19818: 19815: 19813: 19810: 19808: 19805: 19804: 19802: 19798: 19793: 19783: 19780: 19778: 19775: 19773: 19770: 19768: 19765: 19763: 19760: 19758: 19755: 19753: 19750: 19748: 19745: 19743: 19740: 19738: 19735: 19733: 19730: 19728: 19725: 19723: 19720: 19718: 19715: 19713: 19710: 19708: 19705: 19703: 19700: 19698: 19695: 19693: 19690: 19688: 19685: 19683: 19680: 19678: 19675: 19673: 19670: 19668: 19665: 19663: 19660: 19658: 19655: 19653: 19650: 19648: 19645: 19643: 19640: 19638: 19635: 19633: 19630: 19628: 19625: 19624: 19622: 19618: 19614: 19609: 19600: 19595: 19593: 19588: 19586: 19581: 19580: 19577: 19556: 19553: 19551: 19548: 19547: 19545: 19543: 19542: 19538: 19537: 19532: 19529: 19527: 19524: 19522: 19519: 19517: 19514: 19512: 19506: 19504: 19503: 19499: 19498: 19493: 19490: 19488: 19487: 19483: 19482: 19479: 19472: 19469: 19467: 19464: 19462: 19459: 19458: 19453: 19450: 19449: 19441: 19438: 19437: 19435: 19433: 19430: 19429: 19425: 19424: 19420: 19419: 19414: 19411: 19409: 19406: 19404: 19401: 19399: 19398: 19394: 19393: 19390: 19384: 19381: 19376: 19373: 19371: 19368: 19367: 19365: 19363: 19360: 19358: 19357: 19353: 19352: 19347: 19344: 19342: 19339: 19337: 19334: 19332: 19329: 19327: 19326: 19322: 19321: 19316: 19313: 19311: 19308: 19307: 19304: 19303: 19300: 19297: 19295: 19292: 19290: 19287: 19286: 19281: 19277: 19273: 19266: 19261: 19259: 19254: 19252: 19247: 19246: 19243: 19224: 19220: 19219: 19215: 19214: 19210: 19209: 19204: 19203: 19199: 19198: 19193: 19192: 19188: 19184: 19183: 19178: 19170: 19164: 19161: 19154: 19150: 19146: 19142: 19138: 19134: 19130: 19127: 19124: 19120: 19116: 19115:Peace process 19111: 19107: 19102: 19098: 19097: 19093: 19088: 19087: 19077: 19071: 19068: 19065: 19064: 19060: 19056: 19052: 19048: 19044: 19040: 19035: 19033: 19021: 19020:Law of Return 19017: 19013: 19009: 19006: 19004: 19001: 18998: 18994: 18991: 18989: 18986: 18985: 18983: 18982: 18975: 18972: 18970: 18967: 18965: 18961: 18958: 18957: 18955: 18949: 18946: 18945: 18942: 18941:Modern Israel 18939: 18937: 18934: 18932: 18929: 18928: 18923: 18919: 18915: 18908: 18903: 18901: 18896: 18894: 18889: 18888: 18885: 18869: 18865: 18861: 18858: 18856: 18853: 18851: 18848: 18846: 18843: 18842: 18841: 18837: 18835: 18831: 18830: 18828: 18821: 18815: 18811: 18809: 18805: 18803: 18799: 18797: 18793: 18791: 18787: 18785: 18781: 18777: 18775: 18771: 18767: 18763: 18759: 18757: 18753: 18749: 18747: 18743: 18741: 18737: 18733: 18731: 18727: 18725: 18721: 18719: 18715: 18711: 18709: 18705: 18703: 18699: 18697: 18693: 18691: 18687: 18683: 18681: 18677: 18675: 18671: 18670: 18668: 18664: 18658: 18654: 18652: 18648: 18646: 18642: 18640: 18636: 18634: 18630: 18628: 18623: 18619: 18615: 18611: 18609: 18605: 18601: 18599: 18595: 18591: 18589: 18585: 18581: 18579: 18575: 18571: 18569: 18565: 18563: 18559: 18555: 18553: 18549: 18548: 18546: 18542: 18536: 18532: 18530: 18526: 18524: 18521:1946–47  18520: 18518: 18514: 18512: 18508: 18506: 18502: 18500: 18496: 18494: 18490: 18488: 18484: 18482: 18478: 18476: 18472: 18470: 18466: 18462: 18460: 18456: 18454: 18450: 18448: 18444: 18442: 18438: 18437: 18435: 18431: 18427: 18419: 18414: 18412: 18407: 18405: 18400: 18399: 18396: 18392: 18378: 18374: 18370: 18369: 18364: 18360: 18359: 18358:Breaking Dawn 18354: 18350: 18346: 18342: 18341: 18336: 18332: 18328: 18324: 18320: 18316: 18312: 18308: 18304: 18300: 18296: 18292: 18291: 18286: 18282: 18281: 18276: 18272: 18268: 18264: 18260: 18256: 18252: 18248: 18247: 18242: 18241: 18238: 18234: 18230: 18226: 18222: 18221: 18220:Autumn Clouds 18216: 18212: 18211: 18206: 18202: 18201: 18196: 18192: 18188: 18184: 18180: 18176: 18172: 18171: 18169: 18165: 18157: 18156: 18151: 18147: 18146: 18141: 18137: 18133: 18129: 18125: 18124: 18119: 18115: 18111: 18107: 18103: 18099: 18095: 18091: 18087: 18083: 18082: 18077: 18073: 18069: 18065: 18061: 18057: 18053: 18049: 18048: 18043: 18039: 18035: 18034: 18032: 18028: 18020: 18019: 18014: 18010: 18006: 18002: 18001: 17996: 17992: 17988: 17984: 17980: 17976: 17972: 17968: 17967: 17962: 17958: 17954: 17950: 17946: 17942: 17938: 17934: 17930: 17926: 17925: 17920: 17916: 17912: 17908: 17904: 17900: 17896: 17892: 17888: 17884: 17883:Samu incident 17880: 17879: 17877: 17873: 17865: 17861: 17857: 17853: 17849: 17845: 17842: 17838: 17837: 17835: 17831: 17827: 17820: 17815: 17813: 17808: 17806: 17801: 17800: 17797: 17793: 17783: 17780: 17778: 17775: 17774: 17772: 17770:Former states 17768: 17762: 17759: 17757: 17754: 17753: 17751: 17749:Transnational 17747: 17741: 17738: 17736: 17735:United States 17733: 17731: 17728: 17726: 17723: 17721: 17718: 17716: 17713: 17711: 17708: 17706: 17703: 17701: 17698: 17697: 17695: 17691: 17681: 17678: 17676: 17673: 17671: 17668: 17666: 17663: 17661: 17658: 17656: 17653: 17651: 17650:Holy War Army 17648: 17646: 17643: 17641: 17638: 17636: 17633: 17631: 17628: 17627: 17625: 17621: 17615: 17612: 17610: 17607: 17605: 17602: 17600: 17597: 17595: 17592: 17590: 17587: 17585: 17582: 17580: 17577: 17575: 17572: 17570: 17567: 17565: 17562: 17560: 17557: 17555: 17552: 17550: 17547: 17545: 17542: 17540: 17537: 17535: 17532: 17530: 17527: 17525: 17524:Army of Islam 17522: 17520: 17517: 17515: 17512: 17510: 17507: 17505: 17502: 17500: 17497: 17496: 17494: 17490: 17487: 17485:Organizations 17483: 17477: 17473: 17470: 17468: 17465: 17463: 17460: 17458: 17455: 17453: 17450: 17448: 17444: 17443:Iraqi Kingdom 17441: 17439: 17436: 17434: 17430: 17427: 17425: 17424:All-Palestine 17422: 17421: 17419: 17413: 17406:Organizations 17405: 17402: 17399: 17398: 17392: 17387: 17385: 17380: 17378: 17373: 17372: 17369: 17365: 17361: 17354: 17349: 17347: 17342: 17340: 17335: 17334: 17331: 17315: 17314:Loyalist feud 17312: 17310: 17307: 17306: 17304: 17300: 17292: 17289: 17288: 17287: 17284: 17282: 17279: 17277: 17274: 17272: 17269: 17268: 17266: 17262: 17259: 17255: 17243: 17240: 17238: 17235: 17233: 17230: 17228: 17225: 17223: 17220: 17218: 17215: 17213: 17210: 17209: 17208: 17205: 17201: 17198: 17197: 17196: 17193: 17189: 17186: 17185: 17184: 17181: 17177: 17174: 17172: 17169: 17168: 17167: 17164: 17160: 17157: 17155: 17152: 17150: 17147: 17146: 17145: 17142: 17138: 17135: 17131: 17128: 17127: 17126: 17125:Yemeni crisis 17123: 17121: 17118: 17117: 17116: 17113: 17109: 17106: 17105: 17104: 17103:Iraq conflict 17101: 17099: 17096: 17094: 17091: 17089: 17086: 17085: 17083: 17079: 17073: 17070: 17068: 17065: 17061: 17058: 17056: 17053: 17052: 17051: 17048: 17044: 17041: 17039: 17036: 17034: 17031: 17029: 17026: 17024: 17023:Kalay clashes 17021: 17019: 17016: 17014: 17011: 17010: 17009: 17006: 17005: 17003: 16997: 16989: 16986: 16984: 16981: 16979: 16976: 16974: 16971: 16969: 16966: 16964: 16961: 16960: 16959: 16956: 16955: 16952: 16949: 16947: 16944: 16942: 16939: 16938: 16933: 16930: 16929: 16928: 16925: 16924: 16919: 16916: 16914: 16911: 16910: 16909: 16906: 16905: 16903: 16899: 16893: 16890: 16889: 16887: 16883: 16877: 16874: 16873: 16871: 16867: 16864: 16860: 16850: 16847: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16835: 16832: 16830: 16827: 16826: 16824: 16820: 16814: 16811: 16809: 16806: 16804: 16801: 16799: 16796: 16794: 16791: 16790: 16788: 16784: 16781: 16777: 16767: 16764: 16760: 16757: 16756: 16755: 16752: 16750: 16747: 16745: 16742: 16738: 16735: 16733: 16730: 16728: 16725: 16723: 16720: 16719: 16718: 16715: 16714: 16712: 16708: 16700: 16697: 16696: 16695: 16692: 16690: 16689:War in Darfur 16687: 16683: 16680: 16679: 16678: 16675: 16673: 16670: 16668: 16667:Libyan Crisis 16665: 16661: 16658: 16656: 16653: 16651: 16648: 16647: 16646: 16643: 16641: 16638: 16637: 16635: 16631: 16623: 16620: 16619: 16618: 16615: 16613: 16610: 16608: 16605: 16601: 16600:War in Amhara 16598: 16596: 16593: 16591: 16588: 16586: 16583: 16582: 16581: 16578: 16576: 16573: 16572: 16570: 16566: 16560: 16557: 16553: 16552:M23 offensive 16550: 16549: 16548: 16547:Kivu conflict 16545: 16541: 16538: 16536: 16533: 16532: 16531: 16528: 16526: 16523: 16521: 16518: 16516: 16513: 16511: 16508: 16506: 16503: 16502: 16500: 16496: 16493: 16489: 16485: 16478: 16473: 16471: 16466: 16464: 16459: 16458: 16455: 16449: 16442: 16426: 16423: 16421: 16418: 16416: 16413: 16411: 16408: 16406: 16403: 16399: 16396: 16394: 16391: 16389: 16386: 16385: 16383: 16381: 16378: 16376: 16373: 16372: 16369: 16362: 16358: 16342: 16338: 16336: 16335: 16330: 16328: 16325:2023–present 16324: 16322: 16318: 16317: 16315: 16313: 16309: 16307: 16303: 16301: 16297: 16295: 16292: 16290: 16287: 16286: 16284: 16280: 16270: 16266: 16264: 16260: 16258: 16255:2010–11  16254: 16253: 16251: 16247: 16241: 16239: 16234: 16232: 16228: 16226: 16222: 16220: 16216: 16214: 16210: 16208: 16204: 16202: 16198: 16196: 16192: 16190: 16186: 16182: 16181: 16179: 16175: 16169: 16165: 16163: 16159: 16157: 16153: 16151: 16147: 16145: 16141: 16139: 16135: 16133: 16129: 16127: 16123: 16121: 16117: 16116: 16114: 16110: 16102: 16099: 16097: 16094: 16093: 16092: 16088: 16086: 16082: 16078: 16075: 16074: 16073: 16069: 16068: 16066: 16062: 16059: 16055: 16051: 16047:Diplomacy/law 16044: 16040: 16022: 16018: 16014: 16012: 16008: 16006: 16002: 16000: 15996: 15992: 15990: 15986: 15982: 15980: 15976: 15974: 15970: 15968: 15964: 15960: 15958: 15954: 15952: 15948: 15946: 15942: 15938: 15936: 15932: 15928: 15924: 15920: 15916: 15915: 15913: 15909: 15906: 15903: 15896: 15886: 15882: 15880: 15876: 15874: 15870: 15868: 15865: 15863: 15859: 15857: 15853: 15851: 15847: 15843: 15841: 15837: 15836: 15834: 15830: 15827: 15819: 15809: 15805: 15801: 15797: 15795: 15791: 15789: 15785: 15781: 15777: 15773: 15772: 15767: 15765: 15764: 15759: 15757: 15753: 15751: 15748: 15744: 15741: 15740: 15739: 15736: 15732: 15729: 15728: 15727: 15724: 15723: 15721: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15708: 15698: 15694: 15690: 15687: 15686: 15685: 15681: 15679: 15675: 15673: 15669: 15667: 15663: 15662: 15660: 15656: 15653: 15651: 15647: 15637: 15633: 15631: 15627: 15625: 15624:Achille Lauro 15620: 15618: 15614: 15612: 15608: 15604: 15601: 15600: 15599: 15595: 15593: 15589: 15587: 15583: 15582: 15580: 15576: 15573: 15569: 15559: 15555: 15553: 15549: 15545: 15543: 15539: 15537: 15533: 15531: 15527: 15523: 15520: 15516: 15512: 15508: 15504: 15502: 15498: 15497: 15495: 15491: 15488: 15485: 15478: 15466: 15462: 15461: 15460: 15456: 15454: 15450: 15448: 15444: 15440: 15436: 15434: 15430: 15426: 15422: 15420: 15416: 15415: 15414: 15410: 15406: 15403: 15402: 15401: 15397: 15396: 15394: 15390: 15387: 15383: 15373: 15369: 15367: 15363: 15361: 15357: 15353: 15350: 15349: 15348: 15344: 15342: 15338: 15334: 15331: 15329: 15326: 15325: 15323: 15322: 15320: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15307: 15303: 15295: 15292: 15291: 15290: 15287: 15286: 15283: 15279: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15254:Fathi Shaqaqi 15252: 15250: 15247: 15245: 15244:Salah Shehade 15242: 15240: 15237: 15235: 15232: 15230: 15229:Jibril Rajoub 15227: 15225: 15222: 15220: 15217: 15215: 15212: 15210: 15209:Zuheir Mohsen 15207: 15205: 15204:Khaled Mashal 15202: 15200: 15199:Sheikh Khalil 15197: 15195: 15192: 15190: 15187: 15185: 15182: 15180: 15177: 15175: 15172: 15170: 15167: 15165: 15162: 15160: 15157: 15155: 15152: 15150: 15149:George Habash 15147: 15145: 15144:Mohammed Deif 15142: 15140: 15137: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15127: 15125: 15124:Yasser Arafat 15122: 15120: 15119:Moussa Arafat 15117: 15115: 15114:Mahmoud Abbas 15112: 15110: 15107: 15106: 15104: 15102: 15098: 15092: 15089: 15087: 15084: 15082: 15081:Moshe Ya'alon 15079: 15077: 15074: 15072: 15069: 15067: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15056:Yitzhak Rabin 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15024: 15022: 15019: 15017: 15014: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15006:Efraim Halevy 15004: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14969: 14967: 14964: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14948: 14946: 14944: 14940: 14936: 14929: 14925: 14911: 14908: 14906: 14903: 14902: 14900: 14896: 14886: 14883: 14881: 14878: 14876: 14873: 14871: 14868: 14866: 14863: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14851: 14848: 14846: 14843: 14841: 14838: 14836: 14833: 14831: 14828: 14826: 14823: 14822: 14820: 14816: 14810: 14807: 14805: 14802: 14800: 14797: 14795: 14792: 14790: 14787: 14786: 14784: 14780: 14777: 14775: 14771: 14765: 14762: 14760: 14757: 14755: 14754:Israel Police 14752: 14750: 14747: 14746: 14744: 14742: 14738: 14734: 14727: 14723: 14719: 14712: 14707: 14705: 14700: 14698: 14693: 14692: 14689: 14683: 14680: 14678: 14675: 14673: 14670: 14668: 14665: 14663: 14660: 14658: 14655: 14653: 14650: 14648: 14645: 14643: 14640: 14637: 14634: 14630: 14627: 14626: 14625: 14624: 14617: 14614: 14613: 14612: 14611: 14604: 14601: 14598: 14594: 14590: 14587: 14584: 14581: 14578: 14576: 14573: 14571: 14568: 14567: 14566: 14565: 14558: 14555: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14543: 14539: 14536: 14533: 14531: 14528: 14526: 14523: 14522: 14521: 14520: 14514: 14511: 14509: 14506: 14505: 14504: 14503: 14496: 14493: 14490: 14487: 14484: 14481: 14478: 14475: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14462: 14458: 14454: 14451: 14449: 14445: 14442: 14441: 14440: 14439: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14424: 14423: 14422: 14401: 14395: 14391: 14390: 14384: 14380: 14374: 14370: 14365: 14361: 14355: 14351: 14350: 14344: 14340: 14334: 14330: 14329: 14323: 14319: 14313: 14309: 14305: 14304: 14298: 14294: 14288: 14284: 14280: 14279: 14274: 14270: 14266: 14260: 14256: 14255:Penguin Books 14252: 14251: 14246: 14242: 14238: 14232: 14228: 14224: 14223: 14222:The Iron Wall 14218: 14214: 14210: 14204: 14200: 14196: 14195:Sela, Avraham 14192: 14188: 14182: 14178: 14177: 14171: 14167: 14161: 14157: 14153: 14152: 14147: 14143: 14139: 14133: 14129: 14125: 14124: 14119: 14118:Morris, Benny 14115: 14111: 14105: 14101: 14097: 14096: 14091: 14090:Morris, Benny 14087: 14083: 14079: 14075: 14071: 14067: 14063: 14059: 14055: 14054: 14049: 14045: 14041: 14040:McKee, Martin 14036: 14032: 14026: 14022: 14018: 14017: 14012: 14008: 14004: 13998: 13994: 13990: 13989: 13984: 13980: 13976: 13970: 13966: 13962: 13961: 13956: 13952: 13948: 13942: 13938: 13934: 13933: 13928: 13924: 13920: 13914: 13910: 13906: 13905: 13899: 13898: 13877: 13873: 13869: 13863: 13861: 13859: 13857: 13849: 13844: 13838: 13834: 13833: 13825: 13809: 13805: 13804: 13799: 13793: 13786: 13782: 13779: 13773: 13757: 13753: 13752: 13747: 13741: 13734: 13730: 13727: 13722: 13706: 13702: 13701: 13696: 13690: 13674: 13670: 13666: 13660: 13644: 13640: 13636: 13630: 13628: 13620: 13608: 13604: 13603: 13598: 13591: 13589: 13572: 13568: 13564: 13562: 13556: 13550: 13548: 13531: 13527: 13526: 13521: 13515: 13499: 13495: 13494: 13489: 13483: 13467: 13463: 13462: 13457: 13451: 13435: 13431: 13430: 13425: 13419: 13403: 13399: 13398: 13393: 13387: 13371: 13367: 13366: 13361: 13355: 13339: 13335: 13334:BBC Jerusalem 13331: 13324: 13308: 13304: 13298: 13282: 13278: 13274: 13270: 13269: 13264: 13258: 13251: 13246: 13239: 13234: 13218: 13214: 13213: 13208: 13202: 13186: 13182: 13181: 13176: 13170: 13154: 13150: 13149: 13144: 13137: 13121: 13117: 13113: 13112: 13107: 13101: 13093: 13089: 13082: 13074: 13070: 13063: 13047: 13043: 13042: 13037: 13031: 13029: 13009: 13005: 12998: 12992: 12973: 12966: 12960: 12958: 12949: 12945: 12938: 12922: 12918: 12912: 12904: 12897: 12882: 12878: 12877: 12869: 12853: 12849: 12843: 12841: 12824: 12820: 12816: 12810: 12794: 12790: 12789: 12784: 12778: 12762: 12758: 12752: 12736: 12732: 12728: 12722: 12703: 12696: 12689: 12673: 12669: 12668: 12663: 12656: 12640: 12636: 12635: 12630: 12623: 12616: 12611: 12595: 12591: 12590: 12585: 12579: 12563: 12559: 12558: 12553: 12547: 12531: 12527: 12526: 12521: 12515: 12499: 12495: 12491: 12484: 12469: 12468: 12463: 12456: 12449: 12444: 12438: 12434: 12430: 12424: 12417: 12412: 12406: 12402: 12398: 12394: 12387: 12380: 12375: 12368: 12363: 12356: 12352: 12346: 12342: 12338: 12337: 12329: 12322: 12317: 12301: 12297: 12291: 12284: 12279: 12263: 12259: 12258: 12253: 12247: 12239: 12233: 12229: 12225: 12224: 12216: 12208: 12202: 12198: 12194: 12190: 12183: 12176: 12173: 12169: 12166: 12161: 12145: 12141: 12137: 12131: 12129: 12121: 12116: 12109: 12104: 12098: 12094: 12090: 12086: 12079: 12072: 12067: 12060: 12056: 12050: 12046: 12042: 12041: 12036: 12035:Chomsky, Noam 12030: 12014: 12010: 12006: 12002: 12001: 11996: 11989: 11982: 11978: 11972: 11968: 11964: 11963: 11955: 11948: 11943: 11937: 11933: 11929: 11928: 11920: 11912: 11906: 11902: 11898: 11892: 11876: 11872: 11871: 11866: 11859: 11843: 11839: 11838: 11833: 11827: 11825: 11816: 11810: 11806: 11802: 11801:Vintage Books 11798: 11797: 11789: 11781: 11777: 11773: 11769: 11765: 11761: 11757: 11753: 11752: 11744: 11728: 11724: 11718: 11702: 11698: 11692: 11685: 11680: 11674: 11670: 11666: 11659: 11652: 11647: 11641: 11637: 11630: 11623: 11621: 11620:raison d'etre 11614: 11608: 11605:. p. 5. 11604: 11600: 11593: 11585: 11584: 11583:The Spectator 11575: 11571: 11567: 11563: 11559: 11555: 11554: 11549: 11542: 11534: 11528: 11524: 11520: 11519: 11514: 11508: 11500: 11494: 11490: 11486: 11480: 11464: 11460: 11456: 11455:Morris, Benny 11450: 11442: 11436: 11432: 11428: 11424: 11418: 11410: 11404: 11400: 11396: 11392: 11391: 11386: 11380: 11372: 11366: 11362: 11358: 11357:Vintage Books 11354: 11353: 11345: 11337: 11333: 11329: 11325: 11321: 11317: 11316: 11311: 11305: 11297: 11293: 11289: 11285: 11281: 11277: 11270: 11254: 11250: 11244: 11237: 11232: 11225: 11220: 11213: 11208: 11201: 11196: 11180: 11176: 11172: 11166: 11158: 11154: 11147: 11131: 11127: 11121: 11105: 11101: 11095: 11091: 11087: 11086: 11081: 11074: 11072: 11064: 11059: 11057: 11055: 11038: 11034: 11033: 11028: 11022: 11015: 11010: 11006: 11002: 10998: 10991: 10975: 10971: 10967: 10966: 10961: 10955: 10939: 10935: 10929: 10925: 10921: 10914: 10906: 10902: 10896: 10888: 10886:9780203867457 10882: 10878: 10871: 10863: 10861:9781351998857 10857: 10853: 10846: 10839: 10822: 10815: 10808: 10792: 10788: 10782: 10766: 10763:. Jerusalem. 10762: 10761: 10756: 10749: 10733: 10729: 10728: 10723: 10716: 10709: 10705: 10701: 10698: 10693: 10686: 10681: 10675: 10671: 10670: 10662: 10655: 10650: 10648: 10646: 10638: 10633: 10617: 10613: 10609: 10603: 10596: 10591: 10585: 10581: 10577: 10573: 10566: 10558: 10552: 10548: 10541: 10533: 10527: 10523: 10522: 10514: 10507: 10502: 10494: 10488: 10484: 10480: 10473: 10471: 10462: 10456: 10452: 10448: 10441: 10439: 10431: 10426: 10420: 10416: 10412: 10408: 10404: 10398: 10391: 10386: 10380: 10376: 10372: 10371: 10363: 10355: 10349: 10345: 10341: 10337: 10330: 10322: 10316: 10312: 10305: 10289: 10285: 10284: 10279: 10273: 10257: 10253: 10252: 10247: 10241: 10225: 10221: 10220: 10215: 10208: 10192: 10188: 10187: 10182: 10176: 10160: 10156: 10152: 10146: 10138: 10132: 10128: 10127: 10119: 10103: 10099: 10095: 10088: 10072: 10068: 10067: 10062: 10056: 10040: 10036: 10035: 10030: 10024: 10017: 10013: 10010: 10005: 9989: 9985: 9984: 9979: 9972: 9965: 9961: 9956: 9949: 9945: 9944: 9937: 9921: 9917: 9916: 9911: 9904: 9902: 9894: 9891:Gilead Sher, 9888: 9872: 9868: 9864: 9858: 9842: 9838: 9834: 9828: 9812: 9808: 9807: 9802: 9795: 9779: 9775: 9774: 9769: 9762: 9746: 9742: 9741: 9736: 9729: 9713: 9709: 9708: 9703: 9696: 9688: 9684: 9680: 9674: 9670: 9666: 9660: 9658: 9641: 9637: 9636: 9631: 9624: 9608: 9604: 9600: 9593: 9586: 9581: 9565: 9561: 9557: 9550: 9534: 9530: 9529: 9524: 9517: 9501: 9497: 9496: 9491: 9485: 9469: 9465: 9461: 9460: 9455: 9449: 9433: 9429: 9428: 9423: 9417: 9410: 9406: 9402: 9399: 9393: 9385: 9381: 9374: 9366: 9362: 9361: 9356: 9350: 9334: 9330: 9329: 9324: 9318: 9302: 9298: 9292: 9285: 9280: 9264: 9260: 9259: 9254: 9248: 9232: 9228: 9224: 9218: 9202: 9198: 9197: 9192: 9186: 9170: 9166: 9165: 9160: 9154: 9147: 9141: 9132: 9123: 9116: 9111: 9096: 9092: 9086: 9079: 9074: 9067: 9062: 9060: 9058: 9050: 9045: 9043: 9035: 9030: 9028: 9026: 9024: 9016: 9011: 9004: 8999: 8992: 8987: 8978: 8962: 8958: 8957: 8952: 8946: 8930: 8926: 8925: 8920: 8914: 8898: 8894: 8890: 8883: 8867: 8863: 8859: 8852: 8836: 8832: 8828: 8821: 8805: 8801: 8797: 8791: 8775: 8771: 8767: 8761: 8745: 8741: 8737: 8731: 8715: 8711: 8707: 8701: 8685: 8681: 8677: 8671: 8655: 8651: 8650: 8645: 8638: 8630: 8624: 8620: 8616: 8615: 8607: 8599: 8593: 8589: 8585: 8584:Stone, Julius 8579: 8563: 8559: 8556: 8549: 8533: 8529: 8525: 8521: 8515: 8508: 8503: 8497: 8493: 8486: 8479: 8473: 8468: 8464: 8460: 8456: 8452: 8446: 8439: 8435: 8429: 8425: 8417: 8410: 8402: 8398: 8394: 8390: 8386: 8382: 8378: 8374: 8370: 8366: 8362: 8355: 8351: 8350:Roberts, Adam 8345: 8329: 8325: 8324: 8319: 8313: 8306: 8301: 8294: 8293:+972 magazine 8291: 8287: 8284: 8278: 8271: 8268: 8264: 8261: 8256: 8240: 8236: 8232: 8226: 8218: 8212: 8208: 8207: 8199: 8183: 8179: 8173: 8154: 8150: 8143: 8137: 8129: 8125: 8124: 8119: 8112: 8102: 8096:19 July 2024. 8095: 8092: 8088: 8085: 8082:Aeyal Gross, 8079: 8063: 8059: 8058: 8053: 8047: 8031: 8027: 8026: 8021: 8015: 7999: 7995: 7994: 7989: 7983: 7967: 7963: 7962: 7957: 7950: 7934: 7930: 7929: 7924: 7918: 7902: 7898: 7897: 7892: 7886: 7870: 7866: 7865: 7860: 7853: 7845: 7841: 7837: 7836: 7831: 7825: 7817: 7813: 7809: 7808: 7803: 7796: 7780: 7776: 7775: 7770: 7764: 7748: 7744: 7743: 7738: 7732: 7716: 7712: 7711: 7706: 7700: 7692: 7691: 7686: 7679: 7672: 7668: 7664: 7661: 7660: 7654: 7646: 7645: 7640: 7633: 7617: 7613: 7612: 7607: 7601: 7585: 7581: 7580: 7575: 7569: 7553: 7549: 7548: 7543: 7536: 7520: 7516: 7515: 7510: 7503: 7487: 7483: 7477: 7461: 7457: 7456: 7451: 7444: 7428: 7424: 7423: 7418: 7412: 7405: 7400: 7389: 7385: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7358: 7351: 7349: 7347: 7345: 7343: 7335: 7331: 7325: 7321: 7317: 7316: 7308: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7283: 7278: 7271: 7264: 7263:Pressman 2003 7259: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7231: 7227: 7220: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7200:Karsh, Efraim 7195: 7193: 7185: 7184:Pressman 2003 7180: 7173: 7168: 7161: 7156: 7149: 7144: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7129: 7121: 7119: 7110: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7095: 7090: 7084: 7076: 7070: 7066: 7062: 7061: 7056: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7037: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7022: 7017: 7016:Chomsky, Noam 7011: 7009: 7007: 6999: 6994: 6987: 6982: 6974: 6968: 6964: 6963: 6955: 6946: 6937: 6929: 6928: 6921: 6913: 6907: 6903: 6899: 6898: 6890: 6888: 6881: 6876: 6868: 6862: 6858: 6857: 6849: 6841: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6826: 6818: 6816: 6814: 6807:, Chapter 12. 6806: 6801: 6794: 6789: 6782: 6777: 6775: 6766: 6760: 6756: 6755: 6754:Peace Process 6747: 6745: 6743: 6735: 6730: 6728: 6720: 6715: 6708: 6703: 6696: 6691: 6683: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6668: 6660: 6651: 6643: 6637: 6633: 6632: 6624: 6617: 6612: 6610: 6601: 6600: 6595: 6589: 6581: 6580: 6575: 6569: 6561: 6560: 6555: 6548: 6540: 6539: 6534: 6528: 6512: 6508: 6507: 6502: 6496: 6480: 6476: 6475: 6470: 6463: 6447: 6443: 6442: 6437: 6431: 6415: 6411: 6405: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6374: 6366: 6359: 6353: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6323: 6317: 6304: 6300: 6299: 6291: 6285: 6270: 6269: 6264: 6258: 6242: 6238: 6237: 6232: 6226: 6218: 6217: 6212: 6206: 6190: 6186: 6185: 6180: 6174: 6158: 6154: 6153: 6148: 6141: 6125: 6121: 6115: 6107: 6106: 6101: 6095: 6087: 6086: 6081: 6075: 6067: 6063: 6057: 6041: 6037: 6036: 6031: 6025: 6009: 6005: 6004:Bloomberg.com 6001: 5995: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5965: 5949: 5945: 5944: 5939: 5933: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5908: 5903: 5896: 5888: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5869: 5864: 5858: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5829: 5824: 5817: 5801: 5797: 5796: 5791: 5785: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5755: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5724: 5722: 5714: 5709: 5702: 5697: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5682: 5674: 5667: 5662: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5647: 5642: 5641:Chomsky, Noam 5636: 5629: 5624: 5617: 5612: 5605: 5600: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5585: 5577: 5570: 5565: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5550: 5542: 5535: 5530: 5524: 5520: 5519: 5511: 5504: 5499: 5492: 5487: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5472: 5464: 5457: 5452: 5445: 5440: 5433: 5428: 5421: 5416: 5409: 5404: 5397: 5392: 5385: 5380: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5365: 5357: 5350: 5345: 5339: 5335: 5328: 5322:, p. 79. 5321: 5316: 5309: 5304: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5284: 5277: 5273: 5270: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5243: 5239: 5233: 5225: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5204: 5193: 5192: 5185: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5149: 5141: 5134: 5127: 5123: 5118: 5112:, p. 48. 5111: 5106: 5090: 5086: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5071: 5066: 5065:Morris, Benny 5060: 5052: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5031: 5024: 5019: 5012: 5007: 4988: 4981: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4961: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4942: 4940: 4933: 4928: 4921: 4916: 4909: 4905: 4900: 4884: 4880: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4859:Gelvin, James 4854: 4848:, p. 60. 4847: 4842: 4835: 4831: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4803: 4796: 4791: 4785: 4781: 4780: 4772: 4765: 4760: 4753: 4748: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4733: 4728: 4722: 4715: 4710: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4695: 4687: 4680: 4675: 4667: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4639: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4560: 4544: 4540: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4525: 4520: 4514: 4508: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4490: 4484: 4480: 4479: 4474: 4468: 4461: 4456: 4449: 4444: 4428: 4425: 4421: 4420: 4415: 4408: 4392: 4388: 4382: 4374: 4368: 4365:. p. 1. 4364: 4360: 4359: 4354: 4353:Morris, Benny 4348: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4334: 4318: 4314: 4307: 4301: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4271: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4237: 4229: 4227:9781108771634 4223: 4220:. p. 6. 4219: 4215: 4208: 4200: 4194: 4191:. p. 2. 4190: 4186: 4179: 4172: 4167: 4161: 4155: 4140: 4136: 4129: 4114: 4107: 4092: 4088: 4082: 4066: 4065: 4060: 4054: 4038: 4034: 4028: 4013: 4012: 4007: 4000: 3992: 3986: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3964: 3962: 3953: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3933: 3924: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3897: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3862: 3860: 3852: 3848: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3823: 3815: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3800: 3792: 3784: 3782:9780585388717 3778: 3774: 3770: 3763: 3756: 3746: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3731: 3726: 3725:Brown, Jeremy 3720: 3705: 3701: 3694: 3687: 3682: 3666: 3662: 3661: 3656: 3650: 3646: 3630: 3626: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3500: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3464: 3462: 3457: 3455: 3445: 3441: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3426: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3405:, during the 3404: 3401:According to 3399: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3359: 3356:February 2024 3347: 3342: 3333: 3332: 3328: 3327:Gaza genocide 3324: 3320: 3310: 3307: 3302: 3300: 3295: 3293: 3288: 3286: 3276: 3271: 3267: 3257: 3255: 3250: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3202: 3199: 3191: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3157:This section 3155: 3151: 3146: 3145: 3137: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3114: 3112: 3103: 3099: 3094: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3070: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3051: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3036: 3031: 3022: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3002: 2996: 2986: 2982: 2973: 2971: 2966: 2963: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2947: 2940: 2939:Ma'ale Adumim 2935: 2929: 2924: 2920: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2886: 2882: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2867: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2852: 2847: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2820: 2816: 2809: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2777: 2774: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2752: 2747: 2743: 2738: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2719: 2718:Law of Return 2711: 2708: 2703: 2699: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2674: 2670: 2665: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2634: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2611: 2609: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2593:Joseph's Tomb 2589: 2587: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2557: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2512: 2511:Jerusalem Law 2508: 2507:Supreme Court 2504: 2499: 2497: 2489: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2462: 2452: 2449: 2443: 2434: 2430: 2427: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2398:The PLO have 2381: 2372: 2367: 2363: 2351: 2346: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2331: 2329: 2323: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2288: 2278: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2255: 2252: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2232:2014 Gaza War 2229: 2225: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2201: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2177: 2175: 2171: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2153:, as well as 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2132: 2127: 2121: 2117: 2114: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2090: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2012: 2010: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1994:In 2018, the 1992: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1952: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1891:Mahmoud Abbas 1888: 1887:Yasser Arafat 1884: 1879: 1877: 1876:Golan Heights 1873: 1869: 1866:. Unlike the 1865: 1864:Riyadh Summit 1861: 1860:Beirut Summit 1857: 1853: 1846: 1840: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1799: 1795: 1792: 1784: 1780: 1779:Mahmoud Abbas 1776: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1722: 1718: 1716: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1658: 1657:Yasser Arafat 1654: 1650: 1649:Yitzhak Rabin 1646: 1641: 1631: 1628: 1624: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1607: 1606:Yasser Arafat 1603: 1599: 1598:Yitzhak Rabin 1591: 1587: 1583: 1580:and the word 1579: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1551: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1531: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1505: 1495: 1492: 1487: 1484: 1479: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1379: 1375: 1367: 1362: 1353: 1351: 1347: 1341: 1338: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1322: 1318: 1308: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1268: 1263: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1220: 1210: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1183: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1134: 1132: 1131:Gulf of Aqaba 1128: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1111:Golan Heights 1108: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1084: 1082: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1051: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1019: 1014: 1009: 999: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 960: 956: 950: 940: 938: 934: 930: 926: 925:bomb Tel Aviv 921: 917: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 883: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 860: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 834: 830: 825: 820: 810: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 775: 772: 768: 767:Second Aliyah 757: 755: 751: 747: 743: 741: 737: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 707: 703: 702: 697: 692: 687: 680: 674: 664: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 605: 603: 599: 596:. Israel has 595: 591: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 531: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 476: 472: 468: 464: 459: 457: 453: 449: 448:permit regime 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 407: 403: 399: 397: 391: 390:2014 Gaza War 385: 381: 375: 369: 363: 359: 353: 347: 343: 337: 333: 330: 329: 324: 320: 316: 304: 300: 289: 281: 270: 267: 257: 254: 244: 243: 241: 239: 238: 226: 225: 220: 206: 202: 200: 196: 195: 193: 190: 184: 181: 180: 178: 175: 174: 164: 161: 155: 151: 150: 148: 145: 144: 137: 132: 131: 124: 121: 118: 115: 114: 111: 108: 107: 100: 97: 94: 93: 90: 87: 86: 82: 79: 78: 74: 70: 64: 60: 54: 49: 46: 41: 36: 33: 29: 22: 25376:Anti-Zionism 25197:Pan-Islamism 25075: 25068: 25061: 24961:Ba'ath Party 24838:Ameen Rihani 24698:Jassem Alwan 24693:Michel Aflaq 24549:Algerian War 24531: 24475:Iraqi Revolt 24285: 24217:Motaz Azaiza 24200:Palestinians 24166:Nimrod Aloni 24053:Razi Mousavi 24013:Wael Al Zard 24008:Sufian Tayeh 23953:Fathi Ghaben 23948:Omar Ferwana 23943:Awni El-Dous 23893:Hammam Alloh 23809:Osama Mazini 23737:Yahav Winner 23727:Aner Shapira 23656:Eli Ginsberg 23599: 23576: 23568: 23561: 23439:DNC protests 23320:Islamophobia 23303:Antisemitism 23274:Military aid 22793:Noa Argamani 22783:Ori Megidish 22752:Bibas family 22723: 22689: 22675: 22663: 22174: 22051:Elhanan Team 21932: 21920: 21878:Little Satan 21783:AMAD Project 21503: 21413:AMIA bombing 21257:Legal status 21247:in Palestine 21173: 21012:East Germany 20916:Saudi Arabia 20838: 20653:South Africa 20593:Burkina Faso 20468:Oslo Accords 20398:Multilateral 20384:Soviet Union 20379:East Germany 20066:Saudi Arabia 20048: 19757:South Africa 19747:Sierra Leone 19539: 19516:Governorates 19500: 19486:Oslo Accords 19484: 19421: 19395: 19356:Palestinians 19354: 19345: 19336:Demographics 19331:Time periods 19323: 19309: 19216: 19206: 19205: 19195: 19194: 19180: 19179: 19128: 19109: 19104: 19100: 19090: 19084: 19037: 19030: 19012:Israeli Jews 18979: 18962: / 18953: 18782: / 18772: / 18768: / 18764: / 18754: / 18738: / 18716: / 18688: / 18680:Oslo Accords 18625: / 18616: / 18606: / 18596: / 18586: / 18576: / 18560: / 18467: / 18367: 18357: 18339: 18289: 18279: 18245: 18219: 18210:Summer Rains 18209: 18199: 18154: 18144: 18134:(1993–2008; 18123:Bramble Bush 18122: 18080: 18046: 18017: 17999: 17965: 17923: 17777:Soviet Union 17467:Saudi Arabia 17188:2015–present 16332: 16237: 16132:Oslo Accords 16019: / 15999:"Black Belt" 15997: / 15987: / 15965: / 15945:"Hot Winter" 15943: / 15933: / 15929: / 15925: / 15921: / 15911:2006–present 15848: / 15832:2006–present 15806: / 15802: / 15786: / 15782: / 15778: / 15774: / 15770: 15762: 15630:"Wooden Leg" 15628: / 15623: 15550: / 15542:Entebbe raid 15528: / 15513: / 15509: / 15445: / 15441: / 15264:Ahmed Yassin 15259:Ahlam Tamimi 15194:Leila Khaled 15189:Salah Khalaf 15179:Ahmed Jibril 15174:Ghazi Jabali 15154:Wadie Haddad 15129:Yahya Ayyash 15101:Palestinians 15071:Ariel Sharon 15046:Shimon Peres 14996:Yuval Diskin 14818:Other groups 14774:Palestinians 14730:Participants 14717: 14622: 14621: 14609: 14608: 14563: 14562: 14518: 14517: 14501: 14500: 14437: 14436: 14420: 14419: 14403:. Retrieved 14388: 14371:. OR Books. 14368: 14348: 14331:. OR Books. 14327: 14302: 14277: 14249: 14221: 14198: 14175: 14150: 14122: 14094: 14057: 14051: 14044:Yusuf, Salim 14015: 13987: 13965:Beacon Press 13959: 13931: 13903: 13894:Bibliography 13880:. Retrieved 13876:the original 13846: 13831: 13824: 13812:. Retrieved 13801: 13792: 13772: 13760:. Retrieved 13749: 13740: 13721: 13709:. Retrieved 13698: 13689: 13677:. Retrieved 13668: 13659: 13647:. Retrieved 13638: 13618: 13611:. Retrieved 13600: 13575:. Retrieved 13558: 13534:. Retrieved 13523: 13514: 13502:. Retrieved 13491: 13482: 13470:. Retrieved 13459: 13450: 13438:. Retrieved 13427: 13418: 13406:. Retrieved 13395: 13386: 13374:. Retrieved 13363: 13354: 13342:. Retrieved 13323: 13311:. Retrieved 13297: 13285:. Retrieved 13266: 13257: 13249: 13245: 13237: 13233: 13221:. Retrieved 13210: 13201: 13189:. Retrieved 13185:the original 13178: 13169: 13157:. Retrieved 13148:The Guardian 13146: 13136: 13124:. 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Retrieved 12144:the original 12115: 12106: 12088: 12078: 12071:Khalidi 2013 12066: 12058: 12039: 12029: 12017:. Retrieved 11998: 11988: 11980: 11961: 11954: 11945: 11926: 11919: 11900: 11891: 11879:. Retrieved 11868: 11858: 11846:. Retrieved 11842:the original 11835: 11795: 11788: 11755: 11749: 11743: 11731:. Retrieved 11727:the original 11717: 11705:. Retrieved 11701:the original 11691: 11682: 11664: 11658: 11649: 11635: 11629: 11619: 11616: 11598: 11592: 11581: 11557: 11551: 11541: 11517: 11507: 11488: 11479: 11467:. Retrieved 11463:the original 11449: 11426: 11423:Michael Mann 11417: 11389: 11385:Masalha, Nur 11379: 11351: 11344: 11322:(2): 29–40. 11319: 11313: 11304: 11279: 11275: 11269: 11257:. Retrieved 11243: 11231: 11219: 11207: 11200:Khalidi 2024 11195: 11183:. Retrieved 11165: 11156: 11146: 11134:. Retrieved 11130:the original 11120: 11108:. Retrieved 11084: 11041:. Retrieved 11030: 11021: 11012: 10996: 10990: 10978:. Retrieved 10963: 10954: 10942:. 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Retrieved 9836: 9827: 9817:23 September 9815:. Retrieved 9806:The Guardian 9804: 9794: 9784:18 September 9782:. Retrieved 9771: 9761: 9749:. Retrieved 9738: 9728: 9718:15 September 9716:. Retrieved 9705: 9695: 9668: 9644:. Retrieved 9633: 9623: 9611:. Retrieved 9607:the original 9602: 9592: 9580: 9568:. Retrieved 9564:the original 9549: 9537:. Retrieved 9526: 9516: 9504:. Retrieved 9493: 9484: 9472:. Retrieved 9459:The Guardian 9457: 9448: 9436:. Retrieved 9425: 9416: 9392: 9383: 9373: 9365:the original 9358: 9349: 9337:. Retrieved 9326: 9317: 9305:. Retrieved 9291: 9279: 9267:. Retrieved 9256: 9247: 9235:. Retrieved 9226: 9217: 9205:. Retrieved 9194: 9185: 9173:. Retrieved 9162: 9153: 9140: 9131: 9122: 9110: 9100:12 September 9098:. Retrieved 9094: 9085: 9073: 9010: 8998: 8986: 8977: 8965:. Retrieved 8954: 8945: 8933:. Retrieved 8922: 8913: 8901:. Retrieved 8892: 8882: 8870:. Retrieved 8862:The Guardian 8861: 8851: 8839:. Retrieved 8830: 8820: 8808:. Retrieved 8799: 8790: 8778:. 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Retrieved 4987:the original 4936: 4927: 4920:Khalidi 2020 4915: 4899: 4887:. Retrieved 4863: 4853: 4841: 4833: 4815: 4802: 4793: 4778: 4771: 4759: 4750: 4731: 4727:Masalha, Nur 4721: 4712: 4693: 4686: 4674: 4651: 4644:Masalha, Nur 4638: 4626:. Retrieved 4573: 4569: 4559: 4547:. Retrieved 4523: 4513: 4477: 4467: 4462:, p. 44 4460:Khalidi 2020 4455: 4448:Khalidi 2024 4443: 4431:. Retrieved 4417: 4407: 4395:. Retrieved 4381: 4357: 4331: 4324:. Retrieved 4317:the original 4300: 4288:. Retrieved 4284:the original 4270: 4258:. Retrieved 4245: 4236: 4213: 4207: 4187:. New York: 4184: 4178: 4166: 4154: 4142:. Retrieved 4138: 4128: 4116:. Retrieved 4106: 4094:. Retrieved 4081: 4069:. Retrieved 4062: 4053: 4041:. Retrieved 4037:the original 4027: 4015:. Retrieved 4009: 3999: 3985: 3977:the original 3937: 3931: 3923: 3906: 3902: 3896: 3871: 3867: 3846: 3841: 3832: 3828: 3822: 3804:M. E. Sharpe 3798: 3791: 3768: 3762: 3748: 3729: 3719: 3709:15 September 3707:. Retrieved 3703: 3693: 3681: 3669:. Retrieved 3658: 3649: 3629: 3470: 3458: 3451: 3442: 3427: 3419:308 Israelis 3400: 3385: 3353: 3345: 3303: 3296: 3289: 3282: 3273: 3251: 3247: 3227:Oslo Accords 3224: 3194: 3185: 3170:Please help 3158: 3115: 3107: 3071: 3052: 3049: 3035:The Guardian 3033: 3027: 3010: 3006: 2998: 2983: 2979: 2967: 2959: 2948: 2944: 2928:Hebron Hills 2906: 2883: 2868: 2856: 2849:In 2004 the 2848: 2836: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2770: 2746:Benny Morris 2739: 2723: 2716:The Israeli 2715: 2710:refugee camp 2677: 2666: 2639: 2605: 2590: 2583: 2570:Western Wall 2538:Temple Mount 2530:Christianity 2519: 2515: 2500: 2493: 2471:Temple Mount 2467:Western Wall 2444: 2440: 2431: 2422: 2412: 2397: 2332: 2324: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300:Yoav Gallant 2283: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2205: 2167: 2136: 2087: 2048: 1993: 1984: 1972: 1954: 1926:Ariel Sharon 1923: 1895:Barack Obama 1880: 1851: 1842: 1822: 1804: 1788: 1775:Ariel Sharon 1749:Ariel Sharon 1734: 1719: 1711: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1653:Bill Clinton 1620: 1595: 1581: 1560:Oslo Accords 1535: 1526: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1488: 1480: 1476: 1436:spilled over 1433: 1371: 1348:". In 2014, 1342: 1334: 1314: 1273: 1230:Oslo Accords 1222: 1207: 1185: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1135: 1124: 1053: 1023: 980:Hasan Salama 952: 916:World War II 912: 899:Jewish State 898: 861: 838: 789:and in 1921 787:in Jerusalem 776: 763: 744: 740:Benny Morris 723:antisemitism 715:Jewish state 711: 700: 694:Palestinian 613:1967 borders 606: 545:of the war, 532: 490:. Following 460: 415: 413: 339: 287: 227: 222:Belligerents 156:(until 1959) 43:Part of the 32: 24891:Arab Ba'ath 24813:Salah Jadid 24670:Arabization 24517:Six-Day War 24512:Suez Crisis 24458:Arab Revolt 24437:Pan-Arabism 24311:Hind's Hall 24304:Harbu Darbu 24181:Yagel Oshri 24088:Journalists 23963:Medo Halimy 23908:Ahmad Bahar 23824:Ali Al Qadi 23814:Ayman Nofal 23799:Marwan Issa 23702:Lior Asulin 23681:Izhar Peled 23666:Asaf Hamami 23380:Sciences Po 23072:Evacuations 22842:Alex Dancyg 22816:Rachel Edry 22322:Al-Fakhoora 22203:Beit Hanoun 22078:Nir Yitzhak 21915:Prisoner X2 21202:Arab League 21158:New Zealand 21127:Switzerland 21082:Netherlands 20921:South Korea 20906:Philippines 20891:North Korea 20779:Afghanistan 20728:El Salvador 20410:Arab League 20343:New Zealand 20292:Switzerland 20242:Netherlands 20076:South Korea 20056:Philippines 20034:North Korea 19905:Afghanistan 19762:South Sudan 18730:Taba Summit 18499:White Paper 18379:(2023–2024) 18309:(2015–2016) 18257:(2008–2009) 18249:(2007–2008) 18229:Lebanon War 18177:(2000–2005) 18092:(1987–1993) 18056:Lebanon War 17969:(1972–1979) 17917:(1968–1982) 17901:(1967–1970) 17891:Six-Day War 17864:Suez Crisis 17858:(1949–1956) 17850:(1948–1949) 17720:North Korea 17514:Arab League 17403:Authorities 16515:Cabinda War 16238:Aftonbladet 16195:Taba Summit 15995:May clashes 15900:Gaza–Israel 15682:1990s  15598:Lebanon War 15517:(1973  15482:Palestinian 15453:Six-Day War 15360:Arab revolt 15341:Jaffa riots 15086:Danny Yatom 15051:Yaakov Peri 15041:Ehud Olmert 15026:Shaul Mofaz 15016:Tzipi Livni 15001:Benny Gantz 14991:Avi Dichter 14986:Moshe Dayan 14951:Moshe Arens 14932:Individuals 14905:Arab League 14623:Other sites 14557:Gush-Shalom 14245:Shlaim, Avi 14217:Shlaim, Avi 14146:Pappé, Ilan 13313:15 November 12927:15 November 12829:25 February 12767:25 November 12711:29 November 12504:15 November 12379:Baconi 2018 12367:Shlaim 2015 12283:Baconi 2018 12120:Slater 2020 12045:Pluto Press 11803:. pp.  11513:Pappé, Ilan 11359:. pp.  11282:(4): 3–26. 11236:Slater 2020 11212:Slater 2020 11136:20 November 11110:12 November 10622:13 February 10612:News Basics 10506:Baconi 2018 10430:particular. 10344:Basic Books 10251:The Forward 9877:29 November 9847:14 November 9613:1 September 9003:Baconi 2018 8560:. Haaretz. 7404:Slater 2020 7297:5 September 7208:Grove Press 7099:Verso Books 7026:Pluto Press 6998:Watson 2020 6986:Watson 2020 6880:Slater 2020 6805:Shlaim 2001 6793:Slater 2020 6719:Shlaim 2015 6707:Shlaim 2015 6695:Shlaim 2015 6616:Baconi 2018 6517:18 December 6485:18 December 6452:18 December 6195:15 December 6163:18 December 5713:Slater 2020 5651:Pluto Press 5628:Morris 1999 5616:Shlaim 2001 5476:Verso Books 5456:Morris 1999 5444:Shlaim 2015 5408:Morris 1999 5396:Slater 2020 5320:Morris 2008 5308:Morris 2008 5288:Morris 2008 5267:Baum, Noa. 5122:Shlaim 2001 5110:Morris 2004 4904:Shlaim 2001 4846:Morris 2004 4820:Verso Books 4764:Slater 2020 4507:Morris 1999 4473:Pappé, Ilan 4422:. Chicago: 4260:17 December 3686:Morris 2004 3671:11 November 3604:Pan-Arabism 3306:Avi Mizrahi 3080:during the 2970:Max Gaylard 2941:, West Bank 2767:in May 2019 2642:Six-Day War 2586:holy places 2576:(left) and 2133:, West Bank 2079:reparations 2057:(including 1998:passed the 1930:Ehud Olmert 1872:Six Day War 1741:Taba, Egypt 1737:Taba Summit 1731:Taba Summit 1543:Dennis Ross 1374:2021 crisis 1364:Map of the 1350:another war 1228:led to the 1093:Six-Day War 1081:Arab League 1064:Suez Crisis 1050:Suez Crisis 964:Arab League 633:laws of war 590:settlements 567:Six Day War 522:adopting a 514:. In 1936, 500:World War I 469:arrival of 346:Six-Day War 255:(1948–1959) 171:Since 1967: 133:Territorial 25285:Categories 25055:Literature 24748:Tariq Aziz 24665:Arab world 24660:Arab Union 24589:Dhofar War 24298:Gaza Daily 24222:Bisan Owda 24191:Amir Tibon 24176:Eitan Okun 24078:Fuad Shukr 23988:Hind Rajab 23722:Shani Louk 23619:Casualties 23531:UN inquiry 23522:S/RES/2735 23517:S/RES/2728 23512:S/RES/2720 23502:S/RES/2712 23401:Indonesia 23160:War crimes 22762:Naama Levy 22487:Khan Yunis 22367:Attacks on 22352:Al-Tabaeen 22269:Al-Maghazi 22250:31 October 22235:Attacks on 22223:Background 22213:Khan Yunis 21317:Background 21072:Montenegro 21062:Luxembourg 20876:Kyrgyzstan 20871:Kazakhstan 20794:Bangladesh 20789:Azerbaijan 20525:Legitimacy 20405:Arab world 20389:Yugoslavia 20333:Micronesia 20272:San Marino 20227:Luxembourg 19999:Kazakhstan 19952:East Timor 19925:Bangladesh 19915:Azerbaijan 19752:Somaliland 19742:Seychelles 19707:Mauritania 19452:Gaza Strip 19413:Green Line 19208:Gaza Strip 19177:Green Line 18960:Prehistory 18866:2022  18838:2020  18832:2019  18812:2016  18806:2013  18800:2010  18794:2007  18788:2006  18778:2006  18760:2005  18750:2004  18744:2003  18734:2002  18728:2001  18722:2000  18712:2000  18706:1999  18700:1998  18694:1995  18684:1994  18678:1993  18672:1991  18655:1983  18649:1982  18637:1981  18631:1980  18612:1979  18602:1978  18592:1974  18582:1973  18572:1967  18566:1950  18556:1949  18550:1948  18533:1948  18527:1947  18517:Bevin Plan 18515:1947  18509:1946  18503:1939  18497:1939  18491:1937  18485:1922  18479:1920  18473:1919  18463:1918  18457:1917  18451:1916  18445:1915  18439:1914  18433:Background 18340:Black Belt 18246:Hot Winter 18106:Tunis raid 18081:Wooden Leg 17438:Hamas Gaza 16384:Criticism 16339:2023–2024 16316:ICJ cases 16310:1967  16304:1948  16298:1947  16261:2011  16235:2009  16229:2007  16223:2006  16217:2005  16211:2005  16205:2003  16199:2002  16193:2001  16183:2000  16166:1999  16160:1998  16154:1997  16142:1994  16136:1994  16124:1991  16083:1949  16070:1948  16015:2023  16009:2022  16003:2021  15993:2019  15983:2018  15977:2015  15971:2014  15961:2012  15955:2010  15939:2008  15917:2006  15883:2022  15877:2021  15871:2017  15860:2010  15854:2009  15844:2008  15838:2006  15798:2004  15792:2003  15768:2002  15760:2001  15754:2000  15695:1994  15676:1990  15670:1989  15666:Tunis raid 15664:1988  15634:1987  15621:1985  15615:1984  15609:1983  15596:1982  15590:1975  15584:1973  15556:1980  15546:1978  15540:1976  15534:1975  15524:1974  15505:1972  15499:1970  15484:insurgency 15463:1968  15451:1967  15443:Khan Yunis 15439:Kafr Qasim 15437:1956  15431:1953  15398:1948  15345:1929  15339:1921  15310:Background 15021:Golda Meir 15011:Dan Halutz 14981:Meir Dagan 14961:Ehud Barak 14956:Ami Ayalon 14845:Lions' Den 14782:Principals 14586:True Peace 14053:The Lancet 13882:2 February 13613:12 October 13577:12 October 13071:. Durham: 12858:22 January 12678:18 October 12492:(Report). 11733:19 October 11707:19 October 11397:. p.  11153:"Refugees" 10944:29 October 10901:Gold, Dore 10771:7 December 10738:7 December 10407:"Appendix" 9809:. London. 9506:18 October 9495:Al Jazeera 9474:18 October 9339:4 November 9237:9 November 9207:9 November 9175:9 November 9164:Al Jazeera 9115:Bashi 2017 9095:Al Jazeera 9078:Gross 2017 8903:9 November 8872:9 November 8841:9 November 8810:9 November 8780:9 November 8770:Al-Jazeera 8750:9 November 8660:13 October 8465:(3): 548. 8162:8 December 8147:(Report). 7721:3 December 7622:3 December 7611:Al Jazeera 7590:3 December 7579:Al Jazeera 7558:3 December 7466:3 December 7094:Politicide 6734:Pappé 2022 6420:27 January 6394:26 January 6342:26 January 6274:6 February 6247:2 November 6184:Al Jazeera 6046:2 December 6014:24 October 5875:. p.  5471:Politicide 5420:Pappé 2022 5212:. London: 4889:9 November 4679:Pappé 2022 4628:14 January 4519:Totten, S. 4313:World Bank 3642:References 3533:Allon Plan 3317:See also: 3313:Fatalities 3297:Since the 3264:See also: 3059:Air France 3040:World Bank 2993:See also: 2917:Green Line 2784:See also: 2662:Gaza Strip 2618:See also: 2465:See also: 2419:Incitement 2262:See also: 2222:See also: 2212:war crimes 2143:Articles 2 2063:Gaza Strip 2061:) and the 2019:See also: 1911:Gaza Strip 1769:President 1627:Ehud Barak 1419:Israel of 1381:government 1238:Gaza Strip 1107:Gaza Strip 1076:Gaza Strip 903:Haifa Port 625:occupation 611:along the 551:Gaza Strip 454:, and the 436:Gaza Strip 406:The Lancet 340:More than 319:Gaza Strip 141:1948–1967: 25275:Palestine 25088:Symbolism 24432:Nasserism 24427:Ba'athism 24318:Hurricane 24111:Roee Edan 24031:Spillover 23866:Civilians 23845:militants 23750:Palestine 23695:Civilians 23470:Pakistan 23199:Reactions 23136:Pallywood 22919:Knowledge 22874:Ceasefire 22826:Mia Schem 22208:Gaza City 22019:attack on 22017:Hamas-led 21358:reactions 21153:Australia 20926:Sri Lanka 20824:Indonesia 20763:Venezuela 20698:Argentina 20508:in Israel 20503:of Israel 20441:Diplomacy 20318:Australia 20222:Lithuania 20081:Sri Lanka 20071:Singapore 20050:Palestine 19967:Indonesia 19945:Hong Kong 19889:Venezuela 19807:Argentina 19712:Mauritius 19432:West Bank 19197:West Bank 19149:Austerity 19133:Kibbutzim 18666:1991–2016 18645:Fahd Plan 18544:1948–1983 18167:2000–2021 18030:1980–1999 17875:1960–1979 17833:1947–1959 17609:as-Sa'iqa 17549:Hezbollah 17499:Abu Nidal 17400:Countries 17055:Communist 16120:Fahd Plan 16064:1948–1991 15824:campaigns 15800:"Rainbow" 15763:Santorini 15719:2000–2005 15658:1987–1991 15626:hijacking 15578:1973–1987 15515:"Bayonet" 15493:1968–1982 15405:massacres 15392:1948–1970 15372:Civil War 15318:1920–1948 15219:Abu Nidal 15184:Abu Jihad 15109:Abu Abbas 15091:Zvi Zamir 14910:Hezbollah 14446:from the 14074:0140-6736 13803:Ynet News 13277:0882-7729 12799:2 January 12306:5 October 12009:0362-4331 11881:7 January 11780:147111254 11586:. London. 11090:Routledge 11063:Sela 2002 11009:929622466 10965:Frontline 10797:23 August 10654:Sela 2002 10283:Ynet News 9773:Ynet News 9707:Ynet News 9687:794273633 9646:31 August 9528:Ynet News 9307:2 January 9144:Cited in 8524:pcpsr.org 8397:145514740 8381:0002-9300 8334:4 January 8305:Sela 2002 7972:1 October 7835:Ynet News 7742:Ynet News 7238:0028-7504 6309:5 January 6130:24 August 5907:USA Today 5837:0362-4331 5214:Routledge 5169:0013-8266 4960:Sela 2002 4932:Sela 2002 4861:(2014) . 4737:Zed Books 4618:154107901 4602:0377-919X 4594:1533-8614 4580:: 23–42. 4397:22 August 4144:3 January 4118:5 January 4096:4 January 4043:5 January 4017:5 January 3942:Routledge 3932:intifadas 3888:220910633 3609:Peace Now 3473:land mine 3430:West Bank 3239:Wye River 3159:does not 3102:Gaza City 2804:Egged bus 2658:West Bank 2572:with the 2116:West Bank 2055:West Bank 2009:Basic Law 1945:Apartheid 1707:Bethlehem 1459:blockaded 1444:Hezbollah 1440:West Bank 1413:displaced 1378:far-right 1337:Cast Lead 1234:West Bank 1103:West Bank 1034:West Bank 719:Palestine 657:five wars 649:West Bank 555:West Bank 528:civil war 488:Palestine 303:West Bank 25230:Category 25172:Islamism 24881:Al-Fatat 24648:Concepts 24415:Ideology 24366:Category 24159:Israelis 23676:Roi Levy 23375:Columbia 23362:Protests 22745:Hostages 22544:theaters 22357:Al-Jawni 22332:Al-Sardi 22257:Al-Shati 22193:invasion 22083:Nahal Oz 22068:Kissufim 22063:Kfar Aza 21991:Timeline 21910:Quds Day 21167:Disputes 21112:Slovakia 21092:Portugal 21037:Holy See 20997:Bulgaria 20936:Thailand 20901:Pakistan 20886:Maldives 20881:Malaysia 20738:Honduras 20691:Americas 20673:Zimbabwe 20663:Tanzania 20613:Ethiopia 20603:Djibouti 20192:Holy See 20096:Thailand 20044:Pakistan 20019:Maldives 20014:Malaysia 19935:Cambodia 19877:military 19862:Paraguay 19837:Colombia 19812:Barbados 19800:Americas 19782:Zimbabwe 19672:Ethiopia 19642:Cameroon 19637:Botswana 19502:Politics 19440:Enclaves 19375:Diaspora 19370:Refugees 19274:and the 19187:Timeline 19137:Moshavim 19101:Politics 19047:timeline 18916:and the 18740:Road map 18299:Gaza War 18255:Gaza War 17433:Republic 17060:Drug war 16779:Americas 16754:Mali War 16365:Analysis 16207:Road Map 16057:Timeline 15951:Gaza War 15902:conflict 15771:Karine A 15289:Timeline 14943:Israelis 14830:Children 14741:Israelis 14589:Archived 14538:Archived 14405:6 August 14275:(2020). 14247:(2015). 14219:(2001). 14148:(2022). 14120:(2004). 14092:(1999). 14082:38976995 14013:(2024). 13985:(2020). 13957:(2013). 13929:(2007). 13808:Archived 13781:Archived 13756:Archived 13729:Archived 13705:Archived 13700:B'Tselem 13673:Archived 13643:Archived 13607:Archived 13602:ABC News 13571:Archived 13530:Archived 13498:Archived 13466:Archived 13434:Archived 13402:Archived 13370:Archived 13344:30 April 13338:Archived 13307:Archived 13281:Archived 13217:Archived 13159:30 April 13153:Archived 13126:14 April 13120:Archived 13052:13 April 13046:Archived 13017:28 April 13008:Archived 12981:24 April 12921:Archived 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22690:Sounion 22528:Torture 22342:Khadija 22337:Al-Awda 22245:Jabalia 22195:of Gaza 22191:Israeli 22107:Battles 22006:Engage- 21996:Outline 21824:Related 21800:Stuxnet 21146:Oceania 21132:Ukraine 21097:Romania 21052:Ireland 21047:Iceland 21042:Hungary 21027:Germany 21017:Finland 21007:Denmark 20987:Belgium 20982:Belarus 20977:Austria 20972:Albania 20951:Vietnam 20866:Lebanon 20814:Georgia 20799:Bahrain 20784:Armenia 20758:Uruguay 20733:Ecuador 20703:Bolivia 20668:Tunisia 20648:Somalia 20638:Nigeria 20633:Namibia 20628:Morocco 20598:Comoros 20588:Algeria 20495:Morocco 20483:Bahrain 20311:Oceania 20297:Ukraine 20262:Romania 20207:Ireland 20202:Iceland 20197:Hungary 20182:Germany 20172:Finland 20167:Denmark 20152:Croatia 20147:Belgium 20142:Belarus 20137:Austria 20132:Albania 20111:Vietnam 20024:Myanmar 20009:Lebanon 19957:Georgia 19920:Bahrain 19910:Armenia 19884:Uruguay 19817:Bolivia 19772:Tunisia 19732:Nigeria 19722:Namibia 19717:Morocco 19692:Liberia 19667:Eritrea 19627:Algeria 19508:Cities 19403:History 19362:Culture 19325:History 19086:History 19043:history 19039:Zionism 19034:to 1948 19032:History 18997:leaders 18954:History 18914:Zionism 18825:present 18724:Isratin 18239:(2006–) 18185:(2001–) 18000:Entebbe 17966:Bayonet 17715:Morocco 17670:Palmach 17645:Haganah 17599:PFLP-GC 16885:Central 16498:Central 14870:PFLP-GC 13814:5 March 13762:5 March 13711:5 March 13679:5 March 13649:5 March 13561:OCHAoPt 13536:5 March 13504:5 March 13472:5 March 13440:5 March 13408:5 March 13376:5 March 13287:5 March 13223:5 March 13191:5 March 12741:5 March 12667:Haaretz 12600:5 March 12568:5 March 12536:5 March 12467:Haaretz 12393:"Notes" 12268:5 March 12019:5 March 11870:Haaretz 11805:252–258 11772:2200460 11574:2537599 11361:252–258 11336:2537217 11296:2536718 11259:5 March 11185:5 March 11171:"UNRWA" 11043:5 March 10980:5 March 10830:7 April 10294:17 June 10219:Haaretz 9994:13 July 9926:5 March 9867:Reuters 9751:24 June 9635:Haaretz 9570:21 June 9539:21 June 9438:5 March 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18108:(1988) 18100:(1988) 18084:(1985) 18074:(1985) 18066:(1984) 18058:(1982) 18050:(1981) 18040:(1980) 18021:(1978) 18018:Litani 18011:(1978) 18003:(1976) 17993:(1975) 17985:(1974) 17977:(1973) 17959:(1972) 17951:(1972) 17943:(1972) 17935:(1973) 17927:(1968) 17909:(1968) 17893:(1967) 17885:(1966) 17866:(1956) 17705:Kuwait 17700:France 17623:Former 17554:Kataeb 17492:Active 17457:Jordan 17452:Israel 17257:Europe 16999:South- 16491:Africa 15571:  15385:  14759:Mossad 14461:Sderot 14396:  14375:  14356:  14335:  14328:Deluge 14314:  14289:  14261:  14233:  14205:  14183:  14162:  14134:  14106:  14080:  14072:  14027:  13999:  13971:  13943:  13915:  13839:  13275:  12439:  12407:  12347:  12234:  12203:  12099:  12051:  12007:  11973:  11938:  11907:  11811:  11778:  11770:  11675:  11642:  11609:  11572:  11529:  11495:  11437:  11405:  11367:  11334:  11294:  11096:  11007:  10930:  10883:  10858:  10676:  10586:  10553:  10528:  10489:  10457:  10451:Deluge 10421:  10381:  10350:  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Index

Israel–Hamas war
Arab–Israeli conflict
Arab–Israeli conflict

Israeli-occupied territories
United Nations OCHA
here
Occupied Palestinian territories
Israeli–Palestinian peace process
Gaza–Israel conflict
Egypt occupies the Gaza Strip
All-Palestine Protectorate
Jordan annexes the West Bank
Israel occupies the Gaza Strip
Unilateral disengagement
Israel occupies the West Bank
Israeli settlements
Oslo II Accord
Israel
All-Palestine Protectorate
Palestine Liberation Organization
Palestinian National Authority
Fatah
West Bank
Hamas
Gaza Strip
700,000 Palestinians displaced
Six-Day War
1948 Arab–Israeli War
1982 Lebanon War

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