Palestinian enclaves

1222:

usually includes only the actual footprints of the settlements. There is a zone with a radius of about four hundred meters around each settlement within which Palestinians cannot enter. In addition, there are other large areas that would have been taken or earmarked to be used exclusively by Israel, roadways that connect the settlements to one another and to Jerusalem, and 'life arteries' that provide the settlers with water, sewage, electricity, and communications. These range in width from five hundred to four thousand meters, and Palestinians cannot use or cross many of these connecting links. This honeycomb of settlements and their interconnection conduits effectively divide the West Bank into at least two noncontiguous areas and multiple fragments, often uninhabitable or even unreachable, and control of the Jordan River valley denies Palestinians any direct access eastward into Jordan. About one hundred military checkpoints completely surround Palestine and block routes going into or between Palestinian communities, combined with an uncountable number of other roads that are permanently closed with large concrete cubes or mounds of earth and rocks. There was no possibility that any Palestinian leader could accept such terms and survive, but official statements from Washington and Jerusalem were successful in placing the entire onus for the failure on Yasir Arafat.

1382: 2426:"The 1968 Allon Plan called for placing settlements in sparsely populated lands of the Jordan River Valley, thus ensuring Jewish demographic presence in the farthest location within biblical Israel... the 1978 Drobles Plan... which called for a "belt of settlements in strategic locations … throughout the whole land of Israel… for security and by right." The logic of the Drobles Plan actually guided the wave of settlements that occurred in the 1990s, thus turning the settlements into an integral element of Israel's tactical control over and surveillance of Palestinians in the West Bank. The Allon and Drobles Plans and other similar colonization campaigns have invariably been motivated by five broad, interrelated reasons driving the settlement enterprise. They include control over economic resources, use of territory as a strategic asset, ensuring demographic presence and geographic control, reasserting control over the Jew's biblically promised homeland, and having exclusive rights to the territory".( 3177:"Major thoroughfares connecting Israeli settlements cut through the urban fabric of Palestinian neighbourhoods without serving them, dividing them into isolated enclaves and stifling local urban life and social exchange across the east of the city. Like the roads connecting Israeli settlements in the West Bank, these 'conflict infrastructures' turn Palestinian space into an archipelago of disconnected islands. The spatial inequality brought about by the mobility gap is exacerbated by the lack of investment in Palestinian areas of East Jerusalem. Due to decades of neglect, even middle-class Palestinian neighbourhoods lack basic amenities, including functional roads and pavements, connection to the sewage system, reliable garbage removal, community facilities, public parks and postal service. Such policies based on unequal citizenship, effective ethnic segregation and resource allocation on the basis of ethnicity have been termed 'urban ethnocracy'." ( 1603: 1023:

diligently to hide. Or perhaps Israel's negotiators purposefully emphasized the discontinuity of Palestinian areas to appease opposition from the Israeli right, knowing full well that Arafat would fly into a rage. Neither is true. I know, because I had a hand in producing the official Oslo II map, and I had no idea what I was doing. Late one night during the negotiations, my commander took me from the hotel where the talks were taking place to an army base, where he led me to a room with large fluorescent light tables and piles of maps everywhere. He handed me some dried-out markers, unfurled a map I had never seen before, and directed me to trace certain lines and shapes. Just make them clearer, he said. No cartographer was present, no graphic designer weighed in on my choices, and, when I was through, no Gilad Sher reviewed my work. No one knew it mattered.

2410:"Israel responded to the second intifada with a strategy of collective punishment aimed at a return to the logic of Oslo, whereby a weak Palestinian leadership would acquiesce to Israeli demands and a brutalized population would be compelled to accept a "state" made up of a series of Bantustans. Though the language may have changed slightly, the same structure that has characterized past plans remains. The Allon plan, the WZO plan, the Begin plan, Netanyahu's "Allon Plus" plan, Barak's "generous offer," and Sharon's vision of a Palestinian state all foresaw Israeli control of significant West Bank territory, a Palestinian existence on minimal territory surrounded, divided, and, ultimately, controlled by Israel, and a Palestinian or Arab entity that would assume responsibility for internal policing and civil matters." ( 1955: 2772:"The Gaza model is a bantustan... even more restricted than in the bantustans of South Africa, where at least you could travel to work... It is a bantustan with one gate that can be opened and closed any time Israel chooses... Gaza is the model for the West Bank... It is investing millions of dollars for an infrastructure of roads that will link up most of the Jewish settlements and fragment the Palestinian 'areas' into so many townships. At the end of the day, we can call these townships a state if we wish... But the reality is bantustanisation... As for the Israelis, will force them to address the meaning and challenge of equality. Why? Because the bantustanisation option may defer resolution of the Palestinian question, but it cannot, in the end, be the resolution." ( 594: 2157:". Baumann explained the similarity in Israeli policies towards Palestinian areas in East Jerusalem and the West Bank, noting that even middle-class Palestinian neighbourhoods in East Jerusalem have been disconnected from the rest of the city. A similar study published in 2006 by over 40 Palestinian, Israeli and international authors concluded that Jerusalem contains an "archipelago" of isolated Palestinian "islands", created by segregated road systems and buffer zones. Through this "spatial containment", Palestinian areas have lost agricultural land, been excluded from Israeli life, and been prohibited from expanding outside of previously established built-up areas. This arrangement has been imposed via a series of Israeli government 3203:"As a result of intense settlement construction in East Jerusalem, Palestinian communities are forced within the spatial containment that characterizes the settlements: they have lost their agricultural land reserves and became enclaves within a space of Israeli hegemony — remaining largely excluded them from Israeli political, social, and cultural life... Discrimination is written into the city's master plan, which is based on the declared aim to facilitate a 70% Jewish majority in Jerusalem... Endurance and resilience have been effective tactics for Palestinians. Prohibited from expanding beyond established built-up areas, villages and neighborhoods have become densely knit, congested, and uncontrollable." ( 2719:"Many in the top echelons of the security establishment in the 1970s and 1980s had a warm spot in their hearts for the white apartheid regime in South Africa that was derived not only from utilitarian interests, but also from sympathy for the white minority rulers in that country. One of the elements of the old South African regime that stirred much interest in Israel remains current to this day: To seemingly solve the demographic problem that troubled the white South Africans (that is, to hang on to all of South Africa without granting equal rights, civil rights and the vote to blacks), the South African regime created a fiction known by the name Bantustans, later changed to Homelands." ( 45: 27: 2798:"By December 1999, the Gaza Strip had been divided into three cantons and the West Bank into 227, the majority of which were no larger than two square kilometers in size. Both areas were effectively severed from East Jerusalem. While Palestinians maintained control over many of the cantons and were promised authority over more if not most, Israel maintained jurisdiction over the land areas in between the cantons, which in effect gave Israel control over all the land and its disposition. Hence, the actual amount of land under Palestinian authority proved far less important than the way that land was arranged and controlled." ( 3137:"Uri Avnery (2005) noted that President Bush called in Brussels for the establishment of a 'democratic state with territorial continuity' in the West Bank, and then added: 'A state on scattered territories will not work'. Avnery contended that President Bush was pointing a finger at Sharon's enclavisation settlement strategy in the West Bank and that he was apparently beginning to see it as counter-productive. Avnery added that these statements by Bush in Brussels were made to reduce U.S. differences and potential friction with the European Union, which clearly opposes the annexation of West Bank territory by Israel." ( 1271:

than a fact. d'Alema replied that the words he gave were "a precise quotation of your prime minister." Another Israeli guest, who was present at the dinner and who was (deeply) involved in cultivating ties between Israel and South Africa, confirmed that "whenever he happened to encounter Sharon, he would be interrogated at length about the history of the protectorates and their structures." In the same year Sharon himself was forthcoming in avowing that it informed his plan to construct a "map of a (future) Palestinian state". Not only was the Gaza Strip to be reduced to a bantustan, but the model there, according to

1453: 2484:"The term enclave can seem neutral, unlike Bantustan and ghetto, which are freighted with negative connotations. Yet enclaves are socio-spatial formations that similarly arrange inequality. Gulag captures the arbitrariness of some of closure's mechanisms; but economic factors limit comparisons with the ghetto. The economic integrations, however unequal, of Jews in pre-WWII European ghettos, of blacks in the ghettos of the United States, and of the Bantustans in South Africa, is not paralleled in Palestinian enclaves, where circulation outside and between their confines is severely circumscribed." ( 2240:"Fragmenting the Palestinian territory into fenced-in enclaves resembles the grand apartheid Bantustan policy of pretending that noncontiguous patches of land could eventually constitute viable independent states. Impoverished and overcrowded under corrupt and unpopular authoritarian rulers, these 'homelands' in both cases were—and are—doomed to fail in fulfilling the aspirations of their populations. In addition, when two sets of laws apply to residents of the same territory (as is the case for Israeli settlers and Palestinians), then this differential treatment amounts to apartheid." ( 2825:"When I was in Israel recently, giving talks on the thirtieth anniversary of the occupation, I quoted a passage about the Bantustans from a standard academic history of South Africa. You didn't have to comment. Everybody who had their eyes open could recognize it. There were many people who just refuse to see what's happening, including most of the doves. But if you pay attention to what's happening, that's the description. So it is absurd for Israel to be to the racist side of South Africa under Apartheid. I assume that sooner or later they will agree to call these things states." ( 2089:'s conclusions noted increased demolitions of Palestinian property and homes as well as settlement growth in the areas surrounding East Jerusalem and Bethlehem adding "to the existing physical fragmentation between different Palestinian 'bantustans' – drawing on South African experience of economically dependent, self-governed "homelands" existing within the orbit of the advanced metropolis,.." A 2015 report of the Norwegian Refugee Council noted the impact of Israeli policies in key areas of East Jerusalem, principally the Wall and settlement activity, particularly in regard to 914: 2667:"Alongside the severance of Gaza from the West Bank, a policy now called 'isolation,' the Sharon-Peres government and the Olmert-Peres government that succeeded it carried out the bantustan program in the West Bank. The Jordan Valley was separated from the rest of the West Bank; the south was severed from the north; and all three areas were severed from East Jerusalem. The "two states for two peoples" plan gave way to a 'five states for two peoples' plan: one contiguous state, surrounded by settlement blocs, for Israel, and four isolated enclaves for the Palestinians." ( 3083:"This is not a recipe for a just and durable peace but rather endorses the creation of a 21st century Bantustan in the Middle East. The Palestinian statelet envisioned by the American plan would be scattered archipelagos of non-contiguous territory completely surrounded by Israel, with no external borders, no control over its airspace, no right to a military to defend its security, no geographic basis for a viable economy, no freedom of movement and with no ability to complain to international judicial forums against Israel or the United States." ( 1115: 2785:"In any case, what was on offer at Oslo was a territorially discontinuous Palestinian Bantustan (divided into over sixty disconnected fragments) that would have had no control over water resources, borders, or airspace, much less an independent economy, currency, or financial system, and whose sovereignty, nominal as it was, would be punctuated by heavily fortified Israeli colonies and an autonomous Jewish road network, all of which would be effectively under Israeli army control. Even this, however, was never realized." ( 678: 3190:"Every aspect of the city is invested with ethnicity, and a complex system of codes (wrought in architecture, signage, dress, etc.) helps residents to navigate through perceived safe passages and protected environments. This extreme level of segregation has produced a spatial landscape akin to an "archipelago" of isolated "islands"... a complex matrix of exclaves (settlements for Jewish Israelis built in annexed East Jerusalem) and Palestinian enclaves, served by segregated road systems and surrounded by buffer zones." ( 2635:"The Trump plan would thereby surround the Palestinian state with Israeli territory, severing its contiguity with Jordan and turning Jericho into a Palestinian enclave and the Palestinian state into a Bantustan. ... The result would be a Swiss cheese Palestinian state with no possibility of territorial contiguity. Instead, the Trump plan proposes 'transportational' contiguity, through tunnels that would connect the islands of Palestinian sovereignty. Those tunnels, of course, would be under Israeli control." ( 3039:"At times, the politics of separation/partition has been dressed up as a formula for peaceful settlement at others as a bureaucratic-territorial arrangement of governance, and most recently as a means of unilaterally imposed domination, oppression and fragmentation of the Palestinian people and their land. The Oslo Accords of the 1990s left the Israeli military in control of the interstices of an archipelago of about two hundred separate zones of Palestinian restricted autonomy in the West Bank and Gaza." ( 2812:

clearly anathema to him. Netanyahu keeps saying that he will honor all international agreements made by the previous government. He also makes it plain that he considers the Oslo agreement a grievous, if not criminal, mistake. The most he seems ready to grant the Palestinians is a form of very limited local autonomy in some two or three dozen Bantustan-style enclaves, on less than 10 percent of occupied territory, surrounded by ever-growing Israeli settlements established on expropriated Palestinian land (

2125: 3164:"In sum, Israel continues to establish facts on the ground in these sensitive areas, thus undermining a future political settlement in East Jerusalem. Its policies reflect an ongoing effort to clear disputed areas in order to establish or expand settlements; change the demographic composition of East Jerusalem and strengthen Jewish presence, impede the development and expansion of Palestinian neighbourhoods, and prevent the prospects of creating a viable Palestinian capital with territorial contiguity." ( 2979:"It is quite clear that a Palestinian State with so many territorial enclaves will not be able to manage economic functions and administration. Even if its sovereign territory were greater, and even if some of the enclaves were connected into a continued territorial unity, the main communications arteries that are under Israeli dominance running from north to south and from west to east, and those along the Judean Desert that are under Israeli dominance, might perpetuate their spatial fragmentation." ( 2007:

in mind transportation contiguity. In 2004 Israel asked international donors to fund a new road network for Palestinians, that would run under and over the existing settler-only network. Since acceptance would have implied official approval of the settlement enterprise, the World Bank refused. While Israelis could traverse the contiguous Area C, settler-only roads divided the West Bank into a series of non-contiguous areas for Palestinians wanting to reach Areas A and B. In 2007, Special Rapporteur

516: 2894:, p. 105); (2) 'In April he said that Israel would not withdraw from most of the West Bank, would continue to occupy the Jordan River Valley and the roads leading to them, would make no concessions on Jerusalem, would "absolutely not" evacuate a single settlement "at any price" and would not cede control of the West Bank water aquifers. In case that was not sufficiently clear, over the next year he repeatedly said that the Israeli concessions at Oslo, Camp David, and 2510:"The terms "enclaves", "cantons", "Bantustans" and "open-air prisons" are used by Palestinians and outside observers to describe these spaces...The enclaves contain a population expelled but still within the territory of the state; they are neither camps, detention centers, nor Bantustans. Although certainly lodged in the same analytical field of other spatial devices of containment, they are unique spatial formations that we have yet to develop tools to conceptualize." ( 2523:"The evolution from ghetto state to state is a largely unrecognized (and thus unstudied) path to statehood. The very function of the ghetto state in concentrating, restricting and defining its population can become the territorial and organizational basis for the emergence of a state (versus merely a political party). Prominent examples of this process would include the Bantustans of South Africa and the Israeli "occupied territories" of the West Bank and Gaza Strip." ( 3110:

proposal Israel would retain control of the Israeli settlement clusters that would include the "Greater Jerusalem" area, the "Gush Etzion" and "Ma'aleh Adumim" settlement blocs, other large concentrations of settlements in the West Bank, the entire Jordan Valley, a "security area" east of the Green Line, and a network of bypass roads. The Palestinians would be left with less than half of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, broken up into several unconnected enclaves (

2564:

cantons whose final status is still to be determined. The difference in terminology between cantons and Bantustans is not arbitrary though. The former suggests a neutral territorial concept whose political implications and contours are left to be determined. The latter indicates a structural development with economic and political implications that put in jeopardy the prospects for any meaningfully sovereign viable Palestinian state. It makes the prospects for a

2455:"…much of the American political establishment, the Israeli establishment and the Palestinian establishment (who are mainly affiliated with the Palestinian Authority) are working to produce the Bantustan option – a series of non-contiguous Palestinian cantons in the West Bank governed by a corrupt elite subset of society. It is very likely that before the one-state solution is fully developed, the Bantustan option will be established in the West Bank." ( 2945:"with breathtaking daring, Sharon submits a plan that appears to promise the existence of a 'Jewish democratic state' via 'separation', 'the end of the conquest', the 'dismantling of settlements' – and also the imprisonment of some 3 million Palestinians in bantustans. This is an 'interim plan' that is meant to last forever. The plan will last, however, only as long as the illusion is sustained that 'separation' is a means to end the conflict." ( 739:

for various groups of the indigenous black population. Pro-Palestinian circles and scholars, despite the secrecy of the tacit alliance between Israel and South Africa, were familiar with ongoing arrangements between the two in military and nuclear matters, though the thriving cooperation between Israel and the Bophuthatswana Bantustan themselves was a subject that remained neglected until recently, when South Africa's archives began to be opened up.

1103: 3151:

that increase the isolation of individual Palestinian communities. In addition, the Jordan rift valley had become an almost inaccessible enclave. Fewer and fewer Palestinians were able to obtain permits to visit closed military zones—land to the west of the Barrier. The cantonization of the West Bank, combined with Israel's tight restructions on movement of the Palestinians, is at the heart of the decline of the Palestinian economy (

2471:

documentation and reporting, analysis, opinion, and activism has been devoted to this issue; monitoring by international, Palestinian, and Israeli agencies and organizations has shown the policy of fragmentation's devastating impact on the economy, social networks, the provision of basic services such as healthcare and education, and the prospects for an end to Israel's colonization of the West Bank and Gaza (

2219:"The relationship in question is the one between Israel and South Africa's former Bantustans, in particular Bophuthatswana. That this relationship has been forgotten is all the more surprising given the parallels between South Africa's apartheid policy and Israel's treatment of Palestinians, as well as between South Africa's Bantustan strategy and Israel's carving up of the Palestinian territories." ( 722:, which has never been officially acknowledged – were the blueprint for the West Bank Israeli settlements. According to professor Saeed Rahnema, these plans envisaged "the establishment of settlements on the hilltops surrounding Palestinian towns and villages and the creation of as many Palestinian enclaves as possible" while many aspects formed the basis of all the failed "peace plans" that ensued. 2916:

palestinese, bensì dei territori palestinesi, senza forze di sicurezza ed inclusi nei confini di Israele". Il termine usato da Sharon aveva alquanto spaventato D'Alema. "Egli ha chiarito, e ha usato il termine banthustan, le enclavi dei neri fondate dal governo dell'apartheid in Sud Africa. Io gli ho risposto: non troverà mai una controparte palestinese che firmi un accordo di questo genere

2328:, or 'The Archipelago of Eastern Palestine'... Bousac's map illustrates — via a military and a tourist imaginary — how the US-brokered Oslo Accords fragmented the West Bank into enclaves separated by checkpoints and settlements that maintain Israeli control over the West Bank and circumscribe the majority of the Palestinian population to shrinking Palestinian city and village centers." ( 1723:. The settlements have turned Palestinian communities into fragmented enclaves without development prospects. Settlement activity increased markedly in the Oslo years. From 1994 to 2000, the West Bank's settler population grew by 80,700 and about four hundred kilometers of roads were laid. From late 1992 until 2001, "between 71 and 102 new Jewish outposts were established." 2651:"...it would be better to give the West Bank back to Jordan than to try to create a puppet state — a kind of Arab Bantustan — consigning the Arabs to second-class status under Israel's control. This would only foster Arab resentment. To avoid giving the Arabs first-class citizenship by putting them in the reservation of a second-class state is too transparently clever." ( 1365:

The maps for Sharon's disengagement from Gaza, Camp David and Oslo are similar to each other and to the 1967 Allon plan. By 2005, together with the Separation Wall, that area had been potted with 605 closure barriers whose overall effect was to create a "matrix of contained quadrants controllable from well-defended, fixed military positions and settlements". Olmert's

2268:, after describing the process of peace negotiations as designed to create a Bantustan for Palestinians, argued that historically, it was Western imperial colonial powers, whose policies in his view had been racist and genocidal that, in creating Israel, had effectively established what was a Bantustan for the Jewish people themselves, an entity he called "Jewistan". 3096:"Israel's annexation of swathes of the West Bank will lead to the territory left for the Palestinian Authority becoming the new Bantustans – small puppet enclaves whose sole existence is to legitimize Israeli control, absolving Israel of having to deal with the question of Palestinian status and ensuring the protection of Jewish majority in the region." ( 2601:"Just as in the Palestinian territories, blacks and colored people in South Africa were given limited autonomy in the country's least fertile areas. Those who remained outside these isolated enclaves, which were disconnected from each other, received the status of foreign workers, without civil rights. A few years ago, Italian Foreign Minister 2759:"It will be the end of me. I can't go for a Bantustan. Don't push me into a corner, my back's already against the wall. How will I tell my people that you control every entry, from every direction? I'm not in power because of a popular majority, but thanks to the personal credit I've accumulated. For me, this is a disaster, a catastrophe." ( 2536:"The dominant security modality in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) nowadays is the coexistence of an archipelago and enclaves. In the archipelago, people and goods move relatively freely and smoothly. The enclaves, however, are spaces of exception where the rule of law and the emergency procedure merge into indistinction." ( 2067:

concrete manifestation of this Bantustanization as, by cutting the Occupied Palestinian Territories into five barely contiguous territorial units deprived of international borders, it threatens the potential of any future viable Palestinian State with a functioning economy to be able to realize the right to food of its own people.

1058:

produced was similar to that of South Africa's apartheid regime, by noting that, whereas the Bantustan structure was never endorsed internationally, the Oslo peace process's memorandum had been underwritten and supported by an international concert of nations, both in Europe, the Middle East and by the Russian Federation.

3217:

roads, services, and security systems have sliced up East Jerusalem into pieces and surrounded the Palestinians areas". He says that he uses the word enclave to convey "a sense of being encircled, of being detached, and of belonging to something else" while acknowledging there is freedom of movement to adjacent areas (

2680:"During the early days of the occupation a handful of senior Israeli officials and army officers advocated unilateral plans for a Palestinian satellite mini-state, autonomous region, or "canton" — Bantustan actually — in the northern half of the West Bank, but the policymakers would have none of this." ( 2497:"the original South African model is particularly tempting. It would be a mistake to use the term "canton" in this case, since cantons are autonomous areas of a state and its citizens. Here, the idea is to turn those Palestinians living in areas that would be annexed to Israel, into foreign citizens." ( 1661:

sustainable viability as an independent state. This division of territorial control looks more like the South African system of Bantustans than the foundation of a viable two-state solution." 50 UN experts went public stating that the result would be Bantustans, with Jewish South African-Israeli writer

3123:

They have destroyed the livelihoods of thousands of farmers who have lost their lands and their ability to keep making a living off it. The location of settlements is the main determinant of where checkpoints are installed, what lands Palestinian owners can access and what roads they may use. It was

2015:

The number of checkpoints, including roadblocks, earth mounds and trenches, increased from 376 in August 2005 to 540 in December 2006. These checkpoints divide the West Bank into four distinct areas: the north (Nablus, Jenin and Tulkarem), the centre (Ramallah), the south (Hebron) and East Jerusalem.

2006:

meant when he spoke of a "contiguous Palestine"; Powell explained that " was making the point that you can't have a bunch of little Bantustans or the whole West Bank chopped up into noncoherent, noncontiguous pieces, and say this is an acceptable state." Rather than territorial contiguity, Sharon had

838:

In 1984 elections, Labor and Likud, on opposite sides of the debate over territorial compromise, were forced into coalition and any thought of land for peace tabled. In the 1980s, Sharon used coercive measures to control the population such as curfews, destruction of homes and the uprooting of trees,

785:

Published in 1983, the "Master Plan for Settlement for Judea and Samaria, Development Plan for the Region for 1983-1986", co-authored by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Settlement Division of the World Zionist Organisation, aimed at attracting 80,000 Israelis to live in 43 new Israeli settlements

738:

at the time of writing in 2002, in the top echelons of the Israeli security establishment in the 1970s and 1980s there was widespread empathy for South Africa's apartheid system and it was particularly interested in that country's resolution of the demographic issue by inventing bantustan "homelands"

703:

In September 1977, in the first Likud government, Ariel Sharon took over the Ministerial Committee for Settlement and announced the first in a series of plans for new settlements. This was to be organized via a web of blocks of settlements of different sizes situated on the mountain ridges throughout

5024:

The Gaza Strip, inhabited by over 400,000 Palestinians and already badly overcrowded, was clearly not the most congenial setting for colonies. Indeed, by 1978, there were only 500 Jewish 'settlers' in Gaza, all in military posts or at the edge of the Rafiah Salient at the Egyptian border. Even after

3216:

Dumper contends that infrastructural and demographic changes have led to "the enclaving of the eastern part of the city" which has been transformed into "virtually an Israeli Jewish city with small islands of Palestinian residency, commerce, and culture". The settlement infrastructure of "connecting

1920:

and on 27 October 2021, approval was given for 3,000 housing units including in settlements deep inside the West Bank. These developments were condemned by the U.S. As well as by the United Kingdom, Russia and 12 European countries. While UN experts, Michael Lynk, Special Rapporteur on the situation

1405:

said that Obama "was shocked to see how 'systematic' the Israelis had been at cutting off Palestinian population centers from one another." These findings were discussed with the Israeli government, which never disputed them. Obama's realization was reported to be the reason that he abstained on the

1270:

recalled the discussion during which Sharon explained his preference for Bantustan-like Palestine, one of the guests, who attended a private dinner the Italian Prime Minister hosted for Israelis in late April 2003, countered by suggesting that D'Alema's recollections must be an interpretation rather

1246:

to hinder his territorial goals, and stated that Israeli concessions at all prior negotiations were no longer valid. Several prominent Israeli analysts concluded that his plans torpedoed the diplomatic process, with some claiming that his vision of Palestinian enclaves resembled the Bantustan model.

1079:

argued that the situation envisaged still differed from the historical South African model in that Israel did not subsidize the fragmented territories it controlled, as South Africa did, leaving that to international aid donors; and secondly, despite exhortations from the business community, it had,

3150:

A combination of Israeli checkpoints, physical obstacles, and a permit system had effectively cut the West Bank into three distinct areas—northern, southern, and central—in addition to East Jerusalem. Within these areas further enclaves have been created, also bordered by checkpoints and roadblocks

2889:

arguing that the occupation will be permanent, as opposed to proponents of a Two state solution, wrote in September 2003: 'the danger in being for a Palestinian state is that if you don't understand the control mechanisms, then you are actually agitating for a Bantustan. I mean, Sharon also wants a

2255:

Also contracted as "Palutustans". "The experience of the past four decades puts a question mark over this assumption. If a Palestinian state is not established, Israel will most likely continue to administer the area, possibly allotting crumbs of sovereignty to Palestinian groups in areas that will

1364:

said that "Finally, the administration must make it unambiguously clear to Israel that while Prime Minister Sharon's planned withdrawal from Gaza is a positive initiative, it cannot be simply the first step in a unilateral process leading to the creation of Palestinian Bantustans in the West Bank".

1327:

must be mutually agreed to. A viable two-state solution must ensure contiguity of the West Bank, and a state of scattered territories will not work. There must also be meaningful linkages between the West Bank and Gaza. This is the position of the United States today, it will be the position of the

421:

Usage of the term bantustans to describe the Palestinian areas has been traced back to the 1960s including by Israeli military leader and politician Moshe Dayan, who reportedly suggested bantustans as an explicit model for the Palestinian enclaves. Other Israelis and Americans who have used similar

2898:

were no longer valid. A number of prominent Israeli analysts commented that Sharon's intentions were to torpedo the diplomatic process, continue the Israeli occupation, and limit the Palestinians to a series of enclaves surrounded by the Israeli settlements; some even wrote that Sharon's long term

2811:

Rabin and Peres were reconciled to the idea that the Palestinians would eventually establish their own independent state even as the Israelis had established theirs. This cannot be said of the new administration headed by Benyamin Netanyahu. On the contrary, the idea of Palestinian independence is

2549:

But relegating the Palestinians to self-government in confined areas—places Israeli critics have likened to "bantustans"—could close the door to a viable state, forcing Israel to choose between granting Palestinians citizenship and leaving them in an apartheid like second-class status indefinitely

2077:

published a 2007 U.N. map and explained: "The UN mapmakers focused on land set aside for Jewish settlements, roads reserved for settler access, the West Bank separation barrier, closed military areas and nature reserves," and "What remains is an area of habitation remarkably close to territory set

1927:

of 2016 "Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council every three months on the implementation of the provisions of the present resolution;" On 23 December 2021, Michael Lynk, the UN Special Rapporteur for human rights in the Palestinian territories referred to the 5 year anniversary of

1302:

Avi Primor in 2002 described the implications of the plan thus: "Without anyone taking notice, a process is underway establishing a 'Palestinian state' limited to the Palestinian cities, a 'state' comprisedof a number of separate, sovereign-less enclaves, with no resources for self-sustenance." In

3109:

In June 1997, the media reported the outlines of a proposal put forward by Prime Minister Netanyahu as a basis for a permanent settlement between Israel and the Palestinians. The proposal, presented during a Security Cabinet meeting, was referred to as the "Allon Plus" Plan. Reportedly, under the

1994:

wrote in 2006 that the Israeli government hopes that this will result in demographic distress and emigration, but that "Palestinian society is demonstrating signs of strong cohesion and adjustment to the cruel living conditions forced on it, and there are no signs that the strategic goals have in

1582:

describes, "shrivelled to a constellation of disconnected enclaves". A group of human rights experts also sided with the opinion, saying that "what would be left of the West Bank would be a Palestinian Bantustan, islands of disconnected land completely surrounded by Israel and with no territorial

965:

commented in 1995 that the model envisaged for Gaza was a Bantustan, one even more restrictive in its implications and scope than the ones existing in South Africa, and that Oslo was applying that model to the West Bank. This in turn was taken to signal that the same model would be applied in the

2915:

Maurizio Molinari, che era il corrispondente diplomatico de 'La Stampa' quando D'Alema era Presidente del Consiglio, descrive in un suo libro un incontro tra D'Alema ed Ariel Sharon... Mi ha detto una cosa che ricordo ancora. In quel periodo egli sosteneva che non ci sarà un vero e proprio Stato

2563:

Ariel Sharon, Israel's Prime Minister since 2001, had long contended that the Bantustan model, so central to the apartheid system, is the most appropriate to the present Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Others, by contrast, have maintained that the Palestinian territories have been transformed into

2024:

says that "by August 2006 the fragmentation of the West Bank and the ability of Palestinians to move from canton to canton within it were at their nadir." Criticism of non-contiguity has continued in subsequent years. In 2008, the last year of his presidency, Bush stated that Swiss cheese wasn't

1221:

The best offer to the Palestinians – by Clinton, not Barak – had been to withdraw 20 percent of the settlements, covering about 10 percent of the occupied land, including land to be 'leased' and portions of the Jordan River valley and East Jerusalem. The percentage figure is misleading, since it

990:

1,035 km (400 sq mi); 18.3% of the West Bank), formalized the legal limitation to urban expansion of Palestinian populated areas outside of these fragments. While these arrangements were agreed at Oslo to be temporary, with the rest of the West Bank to "be gradually transferred to

620:

The master plan set the objective of ensuring the "unification of Jerusalem" and preventing it from being divided in the future. Pursuant to this and subsequent plans, twelve Israeli settlements were established in such a way as to "complete a belt of built fabric that enveloped and bisected the

3056:

noted that "Various sources refer to settlement master plans, including the Allon Plan(1967), the Drobles Plan(1978)–later expanded as the Sharon Plan(1981)– and the Hundred Thousand Plan(1983). Although these plans were never officially approved, they have largely been acted upon by successive

2066:

also particularly concerned by the pattern of land confiscation, which many Israeli and Palestinian intellectuals and non-governmental organizations have suggested is inspired by an underlying strategy of "Bantustanization". The building of the security fence/apartheid wall is seen by many as a

1035:

The process was very easy. In the agreement signed in '93, all those areas that would be part of final status agreement—settlements, Jerusalem, etc.—were known. So I took out those areas, along with those roads and infrastructure that were important to Israel in the interim period. It was a new

1022:

Some people claim that the Oslo process was deliberately designed to segregate Palestinians into isolated enclaves so that Israel could continue to occupy the West Bank without the burden of policing its people. If so, perhaps the map inadvertently revealed what the Israeli wordsmiths worked so

2605:

told Israeli friends that shortly before he was elected prime minister, Sharon told him that the bantustan plan was the most suitable solution to our conflict."; "Sharon's conception of a Palestinian 'state' is in fact very akin to the sub-sovereign Bantustan model of apartheid South Africa, a

1194:

critics' charges that his plan offered "noncontiguous bantustans" was "one of the most embarrassing lies to have emerged from Camp David." Others were of the opinion that despite an undertaking to withdraw from most of their territory, the resulting entity would still have consisted of several

1057:

were highly critical of the arrangements, with Benvenisti concluding that the Palestinian self-rule sketched out in the agreements was little more than a euphemism for Bantustanization. Defenders of the agreements made in the 1990s between Israel and the PLO rebuffed criticisms that the effect

1966:

The purpose of settling the areas between and around the centers occupied by the minorities is to reduce to the minimum the danger of an additional Arab state being established in these territories. Being cut off by Jewish settlements the minority population will find it difficult to form a

574:

In Allon's view, if Israel did not give back the Palestinian lands that were not supposed to be annexed for Israeli settlement to that country, it would have to leave Palestinians with an autonomy under Israeli rule. This, he argued, would lead observers to conclude that Israel had set up an

5981:

Some in this town say, 'Well, the Palestinians deserve it. They brought it onto themselves, because they were offered a very generous deal in Camp David, and they rejected it.' And this lie has been perpetuated so often in this town to the point where it has become a fact or appears to be a

1660:

of Jerusalem, Netanyahu's annexation plans violated the Oslo Accords, and the two-state solution Netanyahu had formerly accepted. The effective result of such plans would be to "effectively create(s) Palestinian enclaves in the nonannexed area with limited contiguity and almost certainly no

2470:

The consequences of the spatial regime being consolidated in the occupied West Bank today, a result of the Israeli policy variously characterized as Bantustanization, cantonization, enclavization, and ghettoization, have been discussed at length in recent years. A tremendous outpouring of

2161:

since 1967, which have set the urban planning policies for the maintenance of a Jewish majority and cultural hegemony in the city. Other scholars have published similar assessments of the Palestinian enclaves in Jerusalem, including Michael Dumper, Professor of Middle East politics at the

977:

formalized the fragmentation of the West Bank, allotting to the Palestinians over 60 disconnected islands; by the end of 1999 the West Bank had been divided into 227 separate entities, most of which were smaller than 2 km (0.77 sq mi) (about half the size of New York's

5719:

The ideas were presented on December 23 by the President, and they basically said the following: On borders, there would be about a 5 percent annexation in the West Bank for the Israelis and a 2 percent swap. So there would be a net 97 percent of the territory that would go to the

571:, would be offered to Jordan. Allon's intention was to create a zone deemed necessary for security reasons between Israel and Jordan and set up an "eastern column" of agricultural settlements. The plan would have annexed about 35 percent of the West Bank with few Palestinians. 2745:

Ciskei's Israeli representative Yosef Schneider, during the pairing ceremony, remarked, "It is symbolic that no country in the world (except South Africa) recognizes Ciskei, just as there is no country in the world that recognizes the Jewish settlements in Judea and Samaria"

1928:

Resolution 2334 and said "Without decisive international intervention to impose accountability upon an unaccountable occupation, there is no hope that the Palestinian right to self-determination and an end to the conflict will be realised anytime in the foreseeable future,".

385:

Israel has systematically segregated Palestinians communities into a series of archipelagos (referred to variously as isolated islands, enclaves, cantons, and Bantustans) under an arrangement referred to as 'one of the most intensively territorialized control systems ever

2996:, and say with a big laugh: 'We did it, Dubi.' Sharon is in a coma, but his plan is alive and kicking. Everyone is now talking about the state of Hamastan. In his house, they called it a bantustan, after the South African protectorates designed to perpetuate apartheid." ( 2212:"They explain the parallels between the fragmented Palestinian enclosures in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and the Bantustans in apartheid era South Africa. They argue that a Palestinian state composed of these isolated enclosures would be both illegitimate and unviable" ( 8114:

Report of the independent international fact-finding mission to investigate the implications of the Israeli settlements on the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of the Palestinian people throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East

1602: 3013:- a neologism for the concept of a Hamas-dominated Palestinian Islamist theocracy under Iranian tutelage - to describe these circumstances; 'before our very eyes', as Netanyahu warned, 'Hamastan has been established, the step-child of Iran and the Taliban'." ( 2305:"Even the term "bantustan" that is frequently applied to Palestinian enclaves like Gaza is, after all, an explicit reference to the little "homelands" with which South Africa experimented at one point in order to artificially reduce its black population." ( 1199:

argued that "the prospect of being able to establish a viable state was fading right before eyes. They were confronted with an intolerable set of options: to agree to the spreading occupation... or to set up wretched Bantustans, or to launch an uprising."

1423:, in a speech marking the 50th anniversary of the Six-Day War, "Netanyahu thus envisages not only that Palestinians in the West Bank will need Israeli permission to enter and exit their 'homeland', which was also the case for the Bantustans, but that the 530:, a small group of officers and senior Israeli officials advocated that Israel unilaterally plan for a Palestinian mini-state or "canton", in the north of the West Bank. Policymakers did not implement this cantonal plan at the time. Defense minister 328:

The consequences of the creation of these fragmented Palestinian areas has been studied widely, and has been shown to have had a "devastating impact on the economy, social networks, the provision of basic services such as healthcare and education".

2584:

General Dayan has said that a sort of Arab "Bantustan" should be created with control of internal affairs, leaving Israel with defence, security and foreign affairs. Mr. Ben-Gurion has boldly recommended a large-scale Jewish settlement in Hebron

1921:

of human rights in the Palestinian Territory occupied since 1967 and Mr. Balakrishnan Rajagopal (United States of America), UN Special Rapporteur on adequate housing said that settlement expansion should be treated as a "presumptive war crime".

1036:

experience for me. I did not have experience of mapmaking before. I of course used many different civilian and military organizations to gather data on the infrastructure, roads, water pipes, etc. I took out what I thought important for Israel.

1985:, and the permit system. These have resulted in the confinement, immiseration, and immobilization of the Palestinians, creating a fragmented area, a fractured society, a devastated economy, and a feeling of "isolation and abandonment". This 417:

policy of separation, "exemplified in Jewish settlements, Palestinian enclaves, land expropriation, checkpoints, segregated roads, and the permit system" is a parallel to South African apartheid's pass system, land policies, and Bantustans.

1635:, this most recent proposal would seize around 1,236 square kilometres (477 sq mi) of land from the Jordan Valley compared to the 964 square kilometres (372 sq mi) of Trump's conceptual map. In a May 2020 interview with 1015:, the Israeli chief negotiator at Oslo, as follows: "Arafat glared at in silence, then sprang out of his chair and declared it to be an insufferable humiliation. 'These are cantons! You want me to accept cantons! You want to destroy me'!" 1074:

wrote in 1996 that the idea of Palestinian independence is "anathema" to Netanyahu, and that "he most he seems ready to grant the Palestinians is a form of very limited local autonomy in some two or three dozen Bantustan-style enclaves".

534:

said that Israel should keep the West Bank and Gaza Strip, arguing that a "sort of Arab 'bantustan' should be created with control of internal affairs, leaving Israel with defence, security and foreign affairs". Just weeks after the war,

1538:, the appellation "State of Palestine" applied to this archipelago of Palestinian-inhabited districts is not to be taken any more seriously than the international community took apartheid South Africa's description of the bantustans of 2033:, noted that the Trump Plan proposed 'transportational' contiguity instead of territorial contiguity, via "tunnels that would connect the islands of Palestinian sovereignty. Those tunnels, of course, would be under Israeli control." 2016:

Within these areas further enclaves have been created by a system of checkpoints and roadblocks. Moreover highways for the use of Israelis only further fragment the Occupied Palestinian Territory into 10 small cantons or Bantustans.

1989:

arrangement of fragmented Palestinian areas in weak and poor sub-communities has resulted in the erosion of urban areas, impoverishment of rural areas, the separation of families and the denial of medical care and higher education.

1031:, who drew and was ultimately responsible for the Oslo maps, explained that the Palestinian enclaves were created by a process of subtraction, consigning the Palestinians to those areas that the Israelis considered "unimportant": 1040:

The islands isolate Palestinian communities from one another, while allowing them to be well guarded and easily contained by the Israeli military. The arrangements result in "inward growth" of Palestinian localities, rather than

1534:, waving a picture of the fragmented cantons and stating: "This is the state that they will give us. It's like a Swiss cheese, really. Who among you will accept a similar state and similar conditions?" According to Professor 1084:

or industrial parks to exploit cheap Palestinian labor, as had South Africa with the bantustans. He did draw an analogy however between the two situations by saying that the peace negotiations had led to a corrupt elite, the

2838:"Walaja, a village southeast of Jerusalem on the Green Line, was another example of near complete enclavization similar to Qalqiliya. The wall blocked the sun and there was one checkpoint and gate to enter and exit.." ( 621:

Palestinian neighborhoods and villages annexed to the city." The plan called for the construction of Jewish neighbourhoods in stages, which started shortly after the Six-Day War. In particular, the new settlements of

1626:

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced on 6 April 2019, three days before the Israeli elections, that he would not give up any settlement and would extend gradually Israeli sovereignty to the West Bank.

5840:

Implementation of General Assembly Resolution 60/251 of 15 March 2006 entitled "Human Rights Council": Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since

1649:)... You don't need to apply sovereignty over them, they will remain Palestinian subjects if you will. But security control also applies to these places." In the event, the annexation proposal was not implemented. 1007:. The Palestinian negotiators at Oslo were not shown the Israeli map until 24 hours before the agreement was due to be signed, and had no access to maps of their own in order to confirm what they were being shown. 406:

in Apartheid South Africa. The label implies that the areas lack meaningful political sovereignty and economic independence. According to Professor Julie Peteet, Chair of the Department of Anthropology at the

1307:, arguing that the peace process had effectively been killed, leaving "Palestinian Arabs corralled into shrinking Bantustans." Commenting on these plans in 2006, Elisha Efrat, Professor of urban geography at 317:, and Sharon's vision of a Palestinian state have proposed an enclave-type territory – i.e. a group of non-contiguous areas surrounded, divided, and, ultimately, controlled by Israel; as has the more recent 2441:"Therefore, the Bantustan option of minimizing effective Palestinian statehood to dispersed smaller parts of the West Bank and Gaza, and reversing the Oslo Accord, appeals to influential Israeli planners" ( 3026:"To make this grid possible, more than 2,710 homes and workplaces in the West Bank have been completely destroyed, and an additional 39,964 others have been damaged, since the beginning of the Intifada." ( 6847: 1089:, playing a role similar to that of the black leadership appointed by South Africa to administer their Bantustans. Chomsky concluded that it was in Israel's interest to agree to call these areas states. 859:, Adrien Wing wrote that events in the ensuing decade and a half regarding the way territory was being regulated seemed to support the cogency of the analogy. By late 1987 tensions had sharpened and the 2851:

KACOWICZ, A. (2005). Rashomon in the Middle East: Clashing Narratives, Images, and Frames in the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict. Cooperation and Conflict, 40(3), 343-360. Retrieved 16 February 2021, from

696:, Sharon had been thinking about the issue of settlement in the conquered territories since 1973, and his map of settlement, outlined in 1978, had not essentially changed by the time he implemented the 2284:"Palestinians noted that Israel's proposal for the West Bank left Palestinians with three unconnected cantons (often referred to pejoratively as "Bantustans"), each surrounded by Israeli territory." ( 475: 2205:"Faced with widely drawn international parallels between the West Bank and the Bantustans of apartheid South Africa, senior figures in Mr Netanyahu's Likud party have begun to admit the danger." ( 1311:

argued that any state created on these fragmented divisions would be neither economically viable nor amenable to administration. In a 26 May 2005 joint press conference with Mahmoud Abbas, in the

2233:"The archipelago of Palestinian enclaves proposed by Trump—subordinate to Israeli security concerns and more akin to the "bantustans" of apartheid-era South Africa—is emphatically not that." ( 7018:

Israel would govern these bantustans externally and enter them at will. As far as Netanyahu is concerned, if the Palestinians want to call this kind of autonomy a state, that is their affair.

2890:

Palestinian state: he wants a state that is completely controlled by Israel. So, if you only look at territory and you don't look at the issue of control you end up advocating a Bantustan.' (

2394:"The reality of the Palestinian Bantustans, reservations or enclaves — is a fact on the ground. Their creation is the most outstanding geopolitical occurrence of the past quarter century." ( 1641:, ahead of the proposed annexation, Netanyahu explained that Palestinian enclaves in the area would remain subordinated to Israeli military control: "They will remain a Palestinian enclave ( 1573:, and key elements of the earlier Allon Plan, aimed at ensuring Jewish settlement in the Palestinian territories, while blocking the possibility that a Palestinian state could ever emerge. 899:

that brought together Israeli and Palestinian representatives for the first time since 1949 and in 1992, Rabin pledged to halt settlement expansion and began secret talks with the PLO.

1381: 1121: 2298:"each segment of the "state" would be further subdivided into enclaves ("Bantustans", as they have been widely called) by the Israeli settlements, highways and military positions." ( 3057:

Governments of Israel. The mission notes a pattern whereby plans developed for the settlements have been mirrored in Government policy instruments and implemented on the ground." (

953:, stating that what he was being asked to sign off on resembled a bantustan. This, Peres insisted, was what had been agreed to at Oslo. Subsequently, on 4 May 1994, Israel and the 715:

in 1979. In 1982, Sharon, then Minister of Defence, published his master plan for Jewish Settlements in the West Bank Through the Year 2010 which became known as the Sharon Plan.

8482: 1172:, only for them to break down. Accounts differ as to which side bore responsibility for the failure. Reports of the outcome of the summit have been described as illustrating the 8868: 6155: 7793: 2291:"Oslo thus transformed Palestinian cities into enclaves, which are often referred to as Bantustans to invoke explicit comparison with the Apartheid geography of South Africa" ( 283:) to "be gradually transferred to Palestinian jurisdiction" by 1997; however, no such transfer was made. The area of the West Bank currently under partial civil control of the 1962:

Successive settlement plans intended to disrupt geographical contiguity with a view to preventing the emergence of a Palestinian state. The Drobles plan made this explicit:

1631:

reported the following year that Netanyahu was expected on 1 July 2020 to announce Israel's annexation of the Jordan Valley and northern Dead Sea. Citing calculations by

1584: 3070:"The visuals of the map proposed are a dead giveaway: a patchwork of Palestinian islands best viewed alongside the map of South Africa's apartheid-era Bantustans." ( 3053: 855:

making the analogy with what was taking place in the West Bank. The term was much maligned at that time, but 15 years later, an American comparative law scholar and

7680: 2179: 6864:"Israeli annexation of parts of the Palestinian West Bank would break international law – UN experts call on the international community to ensure accountability" 8237: 6798: 2108:

announced a highway and transportation master plan through 2045, the first of its kind for the West Bank. Details about the plans are contained in a new report

9119: 1452: 8356: 2932:"In 2003, Prime Minister Ariel Sharon revealed that he relied on South Africa's Bantustan model in constructing a possible 'map of a Palestinian state'." ( 90: 2962:

to Barak to Olmert has admitted that Israel is on the way to a single state with a potential Arab majority in Bantustans unless something happens fast" (

734:, the former deputy director-general of Israel's Foreign Ministry's department for Africa, Asia and Oceania, who was an ambassador and vice president of 1719:, and Sharon's vision of a Palestinian state all foresaw a territory surrounded, divided, and, ultimately, controlled by Israel, as did the more recent 1438:

argued that West Bank disengagement would be very difficult and that a more likely outcome was "annexation and controlling Palestinians in Bantustans".

2864:

ARONOFF, M.J. (2009), Camp David Rashomon: Contested Interpretations of the Israel/Palestine Peace Process. Political Science Quarterly, 124: 143-167.

2368:"In the West Bank Israel has managed to turn the governorates there into Bantustans only connected through an Israeli controlled (Area C) territory." ( 2026: 2112:

which concludes that the "West Bank road and transportation development creates facts on the ground that constitute a significant entrenchment of the

7661: 6648: 6784: 707:

Later, Sharon's plans were adopted as the "Master Plan for the Development of Settlement in Judea and Samaria for the Years 1979–1983", authored by

704:

the West Bank in and around Palestinian cities and villages. Sharon thought the Allon plan insufficient unless the high terrain was also fortified.

8174:

Camp David is a bit of a Rashomon event. There is the American Camp David, there is the Palestinian Camp David, and there is the Israeli Camp David

2025:

going to work as an outline of a state, and that in order to be viable, a future Palestinian state must have contiguous territory. In 2020, former

1427:(IDF) will be allowed to continue setting up roadblocks, arresting suspects and invading Palestinian homes, all in the name of 'security needs'." 1187:, the Palestinian representative in Washington since 1994, at a forum sponsored by the U.S. Institute for Peace, disputed this version of events. 2184: 1924: 1407: 1352:, a wordplay on Bantustan and other pejorative uses of the suffix -stan to describe a place populated by Muslims. At the same time, according to 362:

entry for "Bantustan" says that they also are called "cantons or enclaves" and makes use of the word "fragmentation" in its analysis as of 2006.

342:

A variety of terms are used by Palestinians and outside observers to describe these spaces, including "enclaves", "cantons", "open-air prisons",

6708: 9124: 5643:

The Empire's New Walls: Sovereignty, Neo-liberalism, and the Production of Space in Post-apartheid South Africa and Post-Oslo Palestine/Israel

5025:

some of the Sinai settlers were regrouped, their number had risen to only 1,000 (circa 1980, as per Israeli newspaaper accounts reproduced in

2448:"This says that through Oslo and recognition Israel has succeeded in replacing one form of occupation with another – the bantustan option." ( 8467: 6182: 1727:

argues that this activity stands in contradiction to the idea of withdrawal of Israeli sovereignty and the creation of a Palestinian state.

8980:

Wing, Adrien Katherine (4–8 April 2000). "The South African Transition to Democratic Rule: Lessons for International and Comparative Law".

8025: 1447: 200: 8452: 8221: 6875: 665:(1983), built on high ground and next to strategic roads in the Palestinian area. The most recent endeavours included the construction of 7704: 7077: 2046: 692:'s policy for Israeli settlements in the Palestinian territories for decades, and is widely regarded as its main architect. According to 563:. According to the plan, Israel would annex most of the Jordan Valley, from the river to the eastern slopes of the West Bank hill ridge, 7285: 1356:, the Sharon plan to apply the same policy of creating discontinuous enclaves for Palestinians in the West Bank was implemented. In his 6225: 5714: 2140: 146: 8421: 6559: 8646: 7448:

Marzano, Arturo (Spring 2011). "Italian Foreign Policy towards Israel: The Turning Point of the Berlusconi Government (2001––2006)".

7166: 6171: 1916:, as of 28 October this has not been the case. On 24 October 2021, tenders were published for 1,355 housing units plus another 83 in 179: 8724: 6908: 6520: 5957: 8637: 5839: 1357: 83: 2876:

Shamir, S. (2005). The Enigma of Camp David. The Camp David Summit-What Went Wrong: "...manifestation of the Rashomon syndrome..."

346:, or, collectively, a "ghetto state"; while "islands" or "archipelago" is considered to communicate how the infrastructure of the 6876:

ITAN: Integrated Territorial Analysis of the Neighbourhoods. Scientific Report – Annexes; Applied Research 2013/1/22 Final Report

2056: 1583:

connection to the outside world." Similar opinions were expressed by Daniel Levy, former Israeli negotiator and president of the

949:. Arafat was incensed at what he saw as the impossible terms rigidly set by Peres regarding Israeli control of border exits with 115: 8504:"Six-Month Report on Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem Reporting period January–July 2020" 8113: 7234: 5972: 5812:

Drew, Catriona (1997). "6: Self Determination, Population Transfer and the Middle East Peace Accords". In Bowen, Stephen (ed.).

883:

plan contemplated four Palestinian cantons divided by zones of Jewish settlement and later evolved as a plan to annex all major

8129: 6986: 6152:"Five years after UNSC Resolution 2334, international accountability to end the Israeli occupation is more important than ever" 786:(for which up to 450 km of new roads were to be paved) in order to raise the total settler population to 100,000 by 2010. 777:

included provision for the Palestinians, who did not participate, based on Begin's 1977 Plan for the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

174: 2264:

board member and legal advisor to the Palestinians in Madrid (1991–1993), and presently professor of International Law at the

1018:

Professor Shari Motro, then an Israeli secretary in the Oslo delegation, described in 2005 part of the story behind the maps:

567:, and the Etzion bloc while the heavily populated areas of the West Bank hill country, together with a corridor that included 9065: 9033: 8970: 8909: 8820: 8714: 8568: 8410: 8383: 8292: 8197: 8167: 8103: 8075: 8048: 8014: 7960: 7935: 7850: 7825: 7734: 7669: 7589: 7541: 7438: 7368: 7271: 7220: 7199: 7142: 7066: 7045: 7011: 6937: 6822: 6770: 6698: 6673: 6593: 6548: 6438: 6386: 6358: 6330: 6302: 6281: 6256: 6215: 6141: 6113: 5999: 5892: 5867: 5798:

Displacement and the 'Jerusalem Question': An Overview of the Negotiations over East Jerusalem and Developments on the Ground

5771: 5743: 5680: 5659: 5630: 5602: 5575: 5522: 5445: 5413: 5386: 5350: 5117: 5090: 5067: 5046: 2265: 2105: 908: 354:" is another popular analogy. Of these terms, "enclaves", "cantons" and archipelago have also been applied to the pattern of 225: 134: 32: 6466: 1258:

It later emerged that in private, Sharon had confided to a foreign statesman as early as April 1999, when he was serving as

9080:"The right to food Report by the Special Rapporteur, Jean Ziegler Addendum Mission to the Occupied Palestinian Territories" 8671: 1259: 848: 378: 151: 8439: 5797: 1266:, that he believed the apartheid-era Bantustan provided "an ideal solution to the dilemma of Palestinian statehood". When 543:

wrote that giving the West Bank back to Jordan would be better than creating "a puppet state — a kind of Arab Bantustan".

502:

referring in 2004 to the territorial, political and economic fragmentation model being pursued by the Israeli government.

9020:(2016). "Between One and Two: Apartheid or Confederation for Israel/Palestine?". In Ehrenberg, John; Peled, Yoav (eds.). 8304: 6802: 6025:(2005). "The Geopolitics of 'Enclavisation' and the Demise of a Two-State Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict". 5172:

Aronoff, Myron J. (Spring 2009). "Camp David Rashomon: Contested Interpretations of the Israel/Palestine Peace Process".

2042: 1263: 399: 347: 129: 76: 7690: 7338: 2693:"Palestinian autonomy under Israeli rule, he added, 'would be identified as... some kind of South African Bantustan'." ( 1669:

also claiming that the proposal would effectively introduce an apartheid system. A similar opinion was expressed by the

8884: 8864: 7487:

McColl, R. W.; Newman, D. (1992). "States in Formation: The Ghetto State as Typified in the West Bank and Gaza Strip".

6151: 5342: 1238:

On his election to the Israeli Prime Minister in March 2001, Ariel Sharon expressed his determination not to allow the

669:(1991) and the so far unsuccessful attempts to connect Ma'ale Adumim with other Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem. 8739: 6806: 6409: 5157: 2732:"What is Begin offering us now? Bantustans. Even less than Bantustans; Swaziland has more rights than we would have" ( 44: 5825: 5705: 5306:

Becker, Gabriela (2006). "'Final Borders' and 'Security Zones' in Palestine: Israeli Plans for a Bantustan 'State'".

1588: 1386: 954: 821: 762: 7952: 1954: 1402: 229: 4564: 2116:

annexation already taking place in the West Bank and will enable massive settlement growth in the years to come."

1912:

A new Israeli government, formed on 13 June 2021, declared a "status quo" in the settlements policy. According to

8835: 7098: 5480: 5164: 1937: 1611: 1531: 1457: 1333: 887:

along with three "autonomous Palestinian enclaves", which Catriona Drew, a professor of international law at the

633:

closed the gap in the northern parts of the city. The second stage took place in the 1970s and early 1980s, when

443: 195: 6010: 8503: 8375: 7153: 6836: 6350: 1213: 284: 122: 7552: 6850:. Brussels: The Office of the European Union Representative (West Bank and Gaza Strip, UNRWA). 29 October 2021 5547:

Burns, Jacob; Perugini, Nicola (2016). "Untangling the Oslo Lines". In Manna, Jumana; Storihle, Sille (eds.).

5942: 5308: 2992:"If Ariel Sharon were able to hear the news from the Gaza Strip and West Bank, he would call his loyal aide, 609:, which included Jordanian East Jerusalem (6 km (2.3 sq mi)) and 28 villages and areas of the 605:

so as to include approximately 70 km (27.0 sq mi) of West Bank territory today referred to as

8597: 8679: 8632: 8593: 7263: 6895: 6726: 6490: 5947: 5158:

Messianism Meets Reality The Israeli Settlement Project in Judea and Samaria: Vision or Illusion, 1967-2016

864: 593: 99: 7641: 6863: 8524: 8331: 7597: 5817: 5174: 1179:

Israel Prime Minister Ehud Barak's offer was widely reported as "generous" and, according to participant

8483:"Highways to annexation: Across the West Bank, Israel is bulldozing a bright future for Jewish settlers" 7756: 7318: 5782: 2381:"90 percent of the population of the West Bank was divided into 165 islands of ostensible PA control." ( 494:

had made the analogy earlier in peace talks to his interlocutors. Many researchers and writers from the

287:

is composed of 165 "islands". The creation of this arrangement has been described by Israeli journalist

9134: 6207: 1823: 1704: 1670: 1566: 1248: 958: 748: 712: 662: 626: 302: 156: 7705:

https://scholarship.richmond.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1350&context=law-faculty-publications

8502: 8302:

Sabel, Robbie (Fall 2011). "The Campaign to Delegitimize Israel with the False Charge of Apartheid".

8040: 7883: 7430: 6890: 5859: 5804: 5735: 5205: 4570: 2261: 2050: 1982: 1276: 1252: 1135: 918: 896: 8612: 6948: 8402: 8326: 8284: 8130:"Resolution 2334 (2016) Adopted by the Security Council at its 7853rd meeting, on 23 December 2016" 7927: 1628: 1183:

would have handed control over 97% of the West Bank to Palestinians. Responding to Ross' comments,

408: 8579: 8235:(2004). "The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict and Palestinian Socioeconomic Decline: A Place Denied". 8222:

Highway to Annexation: Israeli Road and Transportation Infrastructure Development in the West Bank

7096:

Le More, Anne (October 2005). "Killing with Kindness: Funding the Demise of a Palestinian State".

6396: 9098: 9025: 8560: 8522:

Slater, Jerome (2001). "What Went Wrong? The Collapse of the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process".

8067: 7802: 5533: 4699: 2958:

Judt, just before his death. stated in an interview that, since his 2003 article, "everyone from

2146: 2078:

aside for the Palestinian population in Israeli security proposals dating back to postwar 1967."

1312: 8920: 5203:

Barak, Oren (November 2005). "The Failure of the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process, 1993-2000".

1401:

discussed a number of detailed maps showing the fragmentation of the Palestinian areas. Advisor

8812: 6605: 6378: 1716: 1208: 1191: 1169: 1159: 1153: 343: 314: 9051: 8899: 8806: 8554: 8394: 8278: 8157: 8089: 8059: 8034: 7946: 7579: 7128: 6684: 6422: 6372: 6292: 6267: 6240: 6127: 6099: 5878: 5727: 5586: 5101: 5057: 398:

The enclaves are often referred to as "bantustans", particularly but not exclusively by those

8704: 8509:. Office of the European Union Representative (West Bank and Gaza Strip, UNRWA). 8 March 2021 7836: 7811: 7527: 7354: 7210: 7183: 7025: 7001: 6929: 6756: 6540: 6316: 6273: 6027: 5814:

Human Rights, Self-Determination and Political Change in the Occupied Palestinian Territories

5757: 5616: 5548: 5512: 5427: 2616: 1524: 1424: 1086: 757:-language magazines began to compare the Israeli proposals for a Palestinian autonomy to the 7757:

The Palestinian economy in East Jerusalem: Enduring annexation, isolation and disintegration

7720: 7622: 6201: 6177:(Report). BADIL Resource Center for Palestinian Residency and Refugee Rights. February 2020. 5244:"Enclaves, borders, and everyday movements: Palestinian marginal mobility in East Jerusalem" 2899:

strategy resembled that of the "Bantustans" created by the South African apartheid regime' (

1908:

Janet Abu-Lughod mentions 500 settlers in Gaza in 1978 (excluding Sinai), and 1,000 in 1980.

1561:

argued that the proposals were remarkably similar to the details set forth both in the 1979

9053:

Lords of the Land: The War Over Israel's Settlements in the Occupied Territories, 1967-2007

8453:"Trump's Middle East Peace Plan Isn't New. It Plagiarized a 40-Year-Old Israeli Initiative" 7618: 6172:

Forced Population Transfer: the Case of Palestine, Segregation, Fragmentation and Isolation

2163: 1666: 1324: 1067: 888: 233: 9079: 8371:

A Half Century of Occupation: Israel, Palestine, and the World's Most Intractable Conflict

7744: 7711: 4987: 2226:"Palestine's fragments do resemble the spatial array of the Bantustans in South Africa." ( 8: 8250: 8189: 6511: 6105: 6069: 5962: 5456: 3009:"Israeli politicians lost no time exploiting these fears increasingly employing the term 1687: 1619: 1495: 1370: 1308: 1184: 961:

that stipulated arrangements for the withdrawal of Israeli troops from both named areas.

872: 814: 735: 584: 559:

is named, proposed reformulating his plan by transferring some Palestinian areas back to

355: 8627: 7631: 7604: 7471: 5368: 2710:

Called the Wachman (Avraham Wachman, a professor of architecture) or Wachman-Sharon plan

9129: 9005: 8997: 8940: 8852: 8790: 8729: 8541: 8313: 8262: 8254: 8227:(Report). The Israeli Centre for Public Affairs & Breaking the Silence. p. 39. 7908: 7900: 7881:

Peteet, Julie (Winter 2016). "The Work of Comparison: Israel/Palestine and Apartheid".

7869: 7514: 7506: 7475: 7467: 7408: 7400: 7306: 7293: 7115: 6973: 6956: 6743: 6614: 6507: 6450:"Law against Order: Human Rights Organizations and (versus?) the Palestinian Authority" 6413: 6123: 6086: 6067:(Spring 2005). "Independence, Cantons, or Bantustans: Whither the Palestinian State?". 6052: 6044: 5973:"Ex-ambassador calls Arafat obstructionist / Clinton envoy fuels criticism in Congress" 5461: 5317: 5294: 5230: 5222: 5191: 5187: 5144: 5082: 5015: 2602: 2565: 2167: 1978: 1941: 1712: 1691: 1607: 1469: 1323:

Any final status agreement must be reached between the two parties, and changes to the

1267: 1239: 1176:, in which the multiple witnesses gave contradictory and self-serving interpretations. 1139: 1050: 892: 868: 790: 774: 697: 310: 276: 7771: 7130:

International Assistance to the Palestinians after Oslo: Political guilt, wasted money

6823:"Israel settlement expansion should be treated as 'presumptive war crime': UN experts" 5481:"Israel's wall and the logic of encystation: Sovereign exception or wild sovereignty?" 5243: 1348:

assumed sole authority over the internal administration of the Strip, as the state of

9104: 9061: 9029: 9009: 8966: 8944: 8905: 8830: 8816: 8794: 8782: 8710: 8564: 8443: 8406: 8379: 8336: 8288: 8266: 8193: 8163: 8140: 8099: 8071: 8044: 8026:"Gaza and the West Bank: Israel's two approaches and Palestinians' two bleak choices" 8010: 7956: 7931: 7912: 7846: 7821: 7730: 7665: 7653: 7585: 7537: 7518: 7479: 7434: 7412: 7364: 7267: 7216: 7195: 7138: 7111: 7062: 7041: 7007: 6977: 6949:"Asymmetrical Itineraries: Militarism, Tourism, and Solidarity in Occupied Palestine" 6933: 6766: 6694: 6669: 6589: 6544: 6434: 6382: 6368: 6354: 6326: 6298: 6277: 6252: 6211: 6137: 6109: 6056: 5995: 5888: 5863: 5821: 5767: 5739: 5676: 5655: 5626: 5598: 5571: 5518: 5441: 5409: 5346: 5330: 5275:

Baylouny, Anne Marie (September 2009). "Fragmented Space and Violence in Palestine".

5263: 5113: 5086: 5063: 5042: 2865: 1701: 1657: 1576:

The plan in principle contemplates a future Palestinian state which would be, as the

1562: 708: 299: 26: 7860:

Pedatzur, Reuven (1995). "Coming Back Full Circle: The Palestinian Option in 1967".

7350: 6449: 6269:

Shimon Peres: An Insider's Account of the Man and the Struggle for a New Middle East

5234: 8989: 8932: 8844: 8774: 8688: 8533: 8274: 8246: 8060:"Dodging the Peril of Peace: Israel and the Arabs in the Aftermath of the 1967 War" 7892: 7789:"Temporalities and Perceptions of the Separation between Israelis and Palestinians" 7626: 7498: 7459: 7392: 7383: 7302: 7107: 7058:

The Occupation of Justice: The Supreme Court of Israel and the Occupied Territories

6965: 6735: 6499: 6230: 6078: 6036: 5707:

Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the 107th Congress, Second Session

5647: 5594: 5494: 5382: 5364: 5284: 5255: 5214: 5183: 5136: 5007: 4995: 1991: 1720: 1662: 1465: 1366: 1272: 1054: 884: 654: 499: 467: 318: 51: 7642:"Palestinians' Abbas, at U.N., says U.S. offers Palestinians 'Swiss cheese' state" 7529:

The Discourse of Palestinian-Israeli Relations: Persistent Analytics and Practices

5396: 3906: 1373:" for a future Palestinian state of its own design as foreseen by the Allon plan. 1369:(or convergence plan) are terms used to describe a method whereby Israel creates " 999:

The Oslo map has been called the "Swiss cheese" map, in reference to the multiple

8956: 8700: 8651: 8613:

There is no "Status Quo", Drivers of Violence in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

8602: 8584: 8556:

Mythologies Without End: The US, Israel, and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1917-2020

8369: 8181: 7921: 7557: 7424: 7360: 7257: 7191: 7056: 6987:"Israel's West Bank annexation plan and why it's stalled, explained by an expert" 6923: 6789: 6762: 6690: 6663: 6579: 6430: 6344: 6312: 6197: 5989: 5853: 5670: 5565: 5470: 5432: 5259: 5036: 4998:(Winter 1982). "Israeli Settlements in Occupied Arab Lands: Conquest to Colony". 4828: 2073: 1986: 1642: 1578: 1435: 1255:, which frequently deviates from the pre-1967 ceasefire line into the West Bank. 1227: 1196: 1173: 1004: 856: 650: 638: 463: 351: 2124: 1168:

Talks to achieve a comprehensive resolution of the conflict were renewed at the

871:. Sharon announced the Seven Stars plan in 1991, calling for settlements on the 9083: 9017: 8759: 8457: 8136: 8085: 7948:

The Unspoken Alliance: Israel's Secret Relationship with Apartheid South Africa

7748: 7609: 7450: 7246: 5844: 5783:

Human Development Report 2009/10 Investing in Human Security for a Future State

2136: 2082: 2003: 1708: 1543: 1243: 974: 860: 833: 770: 630: 606: 602: 588: 564: 366: 306: 291:

as "the most outstanding geopolitical occurrence of the past quarter century".

272: 68: 36: 8993: 8936: 8395:"The Roots of Anti-Zionism in South Africa and the Delegitimization of Israel" 7567: 6503: 6040: 1571:

Master Plan for the Development of Settlements in Judea and Samaria, 1979–1983

1275:, was to be transposed to the West Bank by ensuring, simultaneously, that the 9113: 8808:

The Only Language They Understand: Forcing Compromise in Israel and Palestine

8802: 8786: 8778: 8340: 8208: 7788: 7685: 7463: 7420: 7378: 6991: 6064: 5753: 5691: 5508: 5267: 5218: 4648: 2993: 2322:"In 2009, French artist Julien Bousac designed a map of the West Bank titled 2257: 2090: 1917: 1527: 1114: 1008: 1000: 934: 880: 840: 766: 536: 491: 8865:"UN experts say Israeli settlement expansion 'tramples' on human rights law" 8692: 8064:

The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Middle-Eastern and North African History

6631:"Donor Countries Won't Fund Israeli-planned Separate Roads for Palestinians" 5499: 4636: 2568:

seem inevitable, if most threatening to the notion of ethnic nationalism.' (

365:

The process of creating the fragmented enclaves has also been described as "

9075: 9043: 8952: 8889: 8472: 7842: 7339:"UN expert alarmed by 'lopsided' Trump plan, says will entrench occupation" 7334: 7319:"The One-State Reality: Reading the Trump-Kushner Plan as a Morbid Symptom" 7239: 7029: 6913: 6827: 6780: 6686:

The False Prophets of Peace: Liberal Zionism and the Struggle for Palestine

5612: 5561: 5423: 5373: 5356: 2059: 2030: 1999: 1637: 1591: 1558: 1420: 1394: 1204: 1076: 1042: 1028: 979: 962: 938: 810: 794: 685: 646: 622: 495: 487: 439: 427: 423: 245: 221: 59: 8580:"Israel's annexation plan: the 'existential threat' to Palestinian dreams" 7896: 7603:

Moghayer, Taher J.T.; Daget, Yidnekachew Tesmamma; Wang, Xingping (2017).

5651: 4571:

Office of the European Union Representative (West Bank and Gaza Strip 2021

3480: 3478: 1389:

presentation on Israel and Palestine, prepared in 2015 and updated in 2016

1226:

Following the breakdown of talks, Palestinian protests escalated into the

1070:

negotiated with Benjamin Netanyahu drew similar criticism. Israeli author

913: 653:

in 1980 and the creation of the "outer security belt", which consisted of

9057: 9047: 8962: 8667: 8623: 8435: 8095: 7314: 7281: 7253: 6969: 6585: 6537:

Spacing Debt: Obligations, Violence, and Endurance in Ramallah, Palestine

6527: 6485: 6374:

The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967-1977

6340: 6322: 6022: 5920: 5902: 5880:

The West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Geography of Occupation and Disengagement

5835: 5622: 3124:

also the main factor in determining the route of the Separation Barrier (

2959: 2895: 2886: 2008: 1831: 1763: 1724: 1653: 1535: 1361: 1353: 1341: 1180: 1163: 1081: 1046: 986:

1,005 km (388 sq mi); 17.7% of the West Bank) and Area B (

875:, with the declared intention of its consequent eradication and the 1992 798: 718:

These plans – the Allon, Drobles and Sharon master plans, as well as the

693: 552: 540: 531: 527: 483: 479: 471: 455: 451: 435: 431: 374: 9001: 8317: 8258: 7904: 7510: 6649:"With Oslo, Israel's Intention Was Never Peace or Palestinian Statehood" 6618: 6521:

This Is Ours – And This, Too Israel's Settlement Policy in the West Bank

5298: 5226: 5195: 8856: 8002: 7984: 7873: 7745:"The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem, Part V: 1989-2000" 7726: 7502: 7489: 7230: 7119: 6848:"Israel: Statement by the Spokesperson on further settlement expansion" 6747: 6644: 6626: 6427:

Between the Lines: Israel, the Palestinians, and the U.S. War on Terror

6183:

Fragmenting Palestine: Formulas for Partition since the British Mandate

6090: 6048: 5641: 5334: 5321: 5289: 5148: 5019: 4540: 3475: 2853: 1793: 1697: 1477: 1398: 922: 731: 556: 520: 459: 295: 288: 237: 55: 8901:

Dispatches from Palestine: The Rise and Fall of the Oslo Peace Process

8628:"Holy War, Review of "Le conflit israélo-arabe" in Les Temps Modernes" 8545: 7404: 7247:ראש הממשלה בראיון מיוחד ל"ישראל היום": "לא אנחנו נוותר, אלא הפלשתינים" 6925:

The Impossibility of Palestine: History, Geography, and the Road Ahead

6603:

Harris, Brice Jr (Summer 1984). "The South Africanization of Israel".

5855:

Jerusalem Unbound: Geography, History, and the Future of the Holy City

4903: 4714: 4190: 7817: 7719:

Niksic, Orhan; Eddin, Nur Nasser; Cali, Massimiliano (10 July 2014).

7533: 7167:"Trump's "Deal of the Century" Is Modeled on South African Apartheid" 7134: 7037: 6904: 6886: 6248: 5938: 5884: 5763: 5538: 5109: 2128: 1949: 1913: 1632: 1304: 1288: 1071: 1012: 991:

Palestinian jurisdiction" by 1997, no such transfers were ever made.

758: 614: 610: 447: 403: 322: 280: 241: 217: 8848: 8647:"Residents in occupied Golan Heights fear creeping Israeli presence" 7988: 7971: 7581:

City of Collision: Jerusalem and the Principles of Conflict Urbanism

6739: 6630: 6082: 5924: 5906: 5591:

Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination

5587:"Bantustans, Maquiladoras, and the Separation Barrier Israeli Style" 5428:"Bantustanisation or bi-nationalism? An interview with Azmi Bishara" 5140: 5011: 4951: 8537: 8357:"U.S. Gives Harshest Public Rebuke Yet on Israeli Settlement Plans" 8232: 7396: 5485: 4963: 4279: 4277: 2094: 1539: 1517: 1491: 1296: 1131: 926: 666: 6842:(Report). The Project on Middle East Political Science. July 2020. 5672:

Neoliberal Apartheid: Palestine/Israel and South Africa After 1994

3714: 2166:

and Salem Thawaba and Hussein Al-Rimmawi, Associate Professors at

863:

began. In 1988, Jordan surrendered any claim to Palestine and the

16:

Self-governing Palestinian areas in the Israeli-occupied West Bank

8487: 8426: 7993: 7645: 6653: 6635: 6014: 5929: 5911: 5391: 4927: 2256:

continue to function as 'Palutustans' (Palestinian Bantustans)."

1973: 1945: 1615: 1510: 1431: 1415: 967: 946: 568: 413: 370: 275:. This arrangement was explicitly intended to be temporary, with 8883: 7712:"The Fourth United Nations seminar on the Question of Palestine" 4988:"The Fourth United Nations seminar on the Question of Palestine" 4705: 4274: 510: 8672:"Enclave Micropolis: The Paradoxical Case of Ramallah/Al-Bireh" 8399:

Anti-Zionism and Antisemitism: The Dynamics of Delegitimization

8186:

The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa

7813:

The Politics of the Palestinian Authority: From Oslo to Al-Aqsa

7763: 6846: 6189: 5618:

Propaganda and the Public Mind: Conversations with Noam Chomsky

4642: 4166: 4102: 4100: 2086: 1827: 1551: 1502: 1337: 1292: 1284: 950: 942: 876: 806: 754: 677: 560: 8440:"Israel's New Plan to Annex the West Bank: What Happens Next?" 7972:"Powell Warns Against Division of West Bank Into 'Bantustans'" 7573:(Report). Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. 7003:

Arafat and Abbas: Portraits of Leadership in a State Postponed

6709:"Housing minister sees 50% more settlers in West Bank by 2019" 6101:

Nations Divided: American Jews and the Struggle over Apartheid

5106:

Where Now for Palestine?: The Demise of the Two-State Solution

5059:

Seeking Mandela: Peacemaking Between Israelis and Palestinians

4063: 4061: 4046: 3451: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3275: 3273: 1460:

in February 2020, describing the Trump plan as "Swiss Cheese".

1102: 8213:

Bulletin du Centre de recherche français à Jérusalem (Online)

8121: 7342: 6867: 6785:"Trump's Unfair Middle East Plan Leaves Nothing to Negotiate" 6560:"Russia, UK, top EU nations issue rebuke on settlement plans" 6467:"As Annexation Looms, Israeli Experts Warn of Security Risks" 6133: 5759:

Disappearing Palestine: Israel's Experiments in Human Despair

5732:

The Struggle for Sovereignty: Palestine and Israel, 1993-2005

4262: 3957: 3945: 2278: 2276: 2274: 1547: 1506: 1481: 1345: 1280: 818: 802: 689: 658: 634: 601:

On 27 June 1967, Israel expanded the municipal boundaries of

515: 4939: 4675: 4097: 4073: 3834: 3822: 3738: 3564: 3562: 3391: 1344:

it became a commonplace to speak of the result there, where

575:

arrangement akin to "some kind of South African Bantustan".

9022:

Israel and Palestine: Alternative Perspectives on Statehood

7381:(2005). "Said, Palestine, and the Humanism of Liberation". 7171:

Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture

5958:"The Maps of Israeli Settlements That Shocked Barack Obama" 5789: 5696: 4624: 4226: 4127: 4058: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3750: 3374: 3270: 3258: 3234: 642: 7259:

For the Land and the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel

6707: 6581:

The Palestine-Israel Conflict: A Basic Introduction 4th Ed

5339:

Israel and Palestine Alternative Perspectives on Statehood

4758: 4756: 4743: 4741: 4546: 4528: 4397: 4238: 3615: 3427: 2271: 1530:

commented on the fragmented nature of the proposal at the

1360:

of 14 April 2005, former United States Secretary of State

847:

annexation" that fed Palestinian discontent. In 1985, the

369:" by international relations scholar Glenn Bowman and as " 7658:

L'interesse nazionale: dieci storie dell'Italia nel mondo

7568:

The Middle East Peace Talks: CRS Issue Brief for Congress

7235:"Netanyahu: The Palestinians have to concede, not Israel" 6724:

Hunter, Jane (Spring 1986). "Israel and the Bantustans".

6226:"George Bush pledges for Middle East peace within a year" 6150: 5331:"Past and Present Perfect of Israel's One-State Solution" 4891: 4855: 4720: 4588: 4455: 4453: 4139: 4117: 4115: 3894: 3726: 3559: 3415: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3054:

International Fact-Finding Mission on Israeli Settlements

805:, the capital of the ostensibly independent Bantustan of 256:, among other terms. The de facto status in 2024 is that 8706:

The Sadat Lectures: Words and Images on Peace, 1997-2008

6758:

Israeli Foreign Policy: South Africa and Central America

5038:

A Force More Powerful: A Century of Non-violent Conflict

4349: 4005: 3870: 3704: 3702: 3532: 3403: 3343: 3285: 2180:

List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority

2131:, an example of a Palestinian enclave in East Jerusalem. 1898: 1480:

connected by a road to two uninhabited districts in the

8238:

International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society

6203:

The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War

5514:

The Palestinian Right of Return Under International Law

4915: 4780: 4768: 4753: 4738: 4612: 4576: 4337: 4313: 4301: 4214: 4156: 4154: 3882: 3798: 3498: 3496: 3246: 1656:, Hersch Lauterpacht Chair in International Law at the 1328:

United States at the time of final status negotiations.

8885:"UN Special Rapporteur urges Israel to end occupation" 8833:(January 1931). "The Present Situation in Palestine". 8760:"Spatial Transformation of Jerusalem: 1967 to Present" 8758:

Thawaba, Salem; Al-Rimmawi, Hussein (23 August 2012).

7610:

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

6665:

Land Expropriation in Israel: Law, Culture and Society

4600: 4450: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4385: 4373: 4250: 4112: 3981: 3810: 3774: 3574: 3439: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3297: 8468:"Israel's cabinet meets to finalise annexation plans" 8280:

Encyclopedia of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: A-H

7640:

Mohammed, Arshad; Holland, Steve (11 February 2020).

7078:"Growth rate of settlements plummets to all-time low" 4867: 4843: 4816: 4687: 4552: 4516: 4178: 4034: 3846: 3786: 3762: 3699: 3663: 3651: 3549: 3547: 3463: 1061: 789:

In late 1984, some embarrassment was caused when the

350:

has disrupted contiguity between Palestinian areas. "

8091:

The Road Map to Nowhere: Israel/Palestine Since 2003

7794:

Bulletin du Centre de recherche français à Jérusalem

6243:. In Cavelty, Myriam Dunn; Balzacq, Thierry (eds.). 5907:"Sharon's Bantustans Are Far From Copenhagen's Hope" 4804: 4726: 4482: 4480: 4438: 4202: 4151: 4085: 3933: 3687: 3675: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3493: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3317: 2606:

comparison which he is reported to make in private."

843:. These Israeli settlements constituted a "creeping 294:

A number of Israeli-U.S. peace plans, including the

8725:"Text of Begin's Plan for West Bank and Gaza Strip" 8422:"Netanyahu's Blueprint for a Palestinian Bantustan" 6465:Halbfinger, David M.; Rasgon, Adam (19 June 2020). 6011:"Israeli wall creates "island" villages in W. Bank" 5991:

Justice for Some: Law and the Question of Palestine

4879: 4492: 4426: 4409: 4361: 3993: 3969: 3921: 3858: 3639: 3603: 3355: 1315:, President George W. Bush stated his expectations 982:). These areas, composing what is known as Area A ( 337: 8723: 7970: 7577: 7356:Israelis and Palestinians: Conflict and Resolution 7209:Loewenstein, Antony; Moor, Ahmed (25 March 2013). 6558:Harkov, Lahav; Lazaroff, Tovah (28 October 2021). 6425:. In Tikva, Honig-Parnass; Haddad, Toufic (eds.). 6241:"Israel-Palestine: An Archipelago of (In)security" 6129:Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict 4957: 4933: 4909: 4663: 4504: 4465: 4325: 4289: 3912: 3627: 3544: 3204: 3191: 2866:https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-165X.2009.tb00645.x 1606:September 2019 proposal by Israeli prime minister 649:in the south were built. The third stage included 617:municipalities (64 km (25 sq mi)). 8757: 8740:"Trump's 'deal of the century' is no deal at all" 7602: 7212:After Zionism: One State for Israel and Palestine 5035:Ackerman, Peter; DuVall, Jack (1 December 2015). 4969: 4792: 4477: 4052: 4022: 3586: 3314: 851:in the United States compiled a report, entitled 252:. They have been referred to figuratively as the 9111: 8958:Hollow Land: Israel's Architecture of Occupation 7944: 7722:Area C and the Future of the Palestinian Economy 6464: 6224: 5611: 4834: 4283: 4172: 3520: 3508: 2826: 2551: 2022:Encyclopedia of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict 1279:itself broke up into three fragmented entities: 360:Encyclopedia of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict 98: 8355:Samuels, Ben; Lis, Jonathan (26 October 2021). 8159:Inside the Clinton White House: An Oral History 8128: 7718: 7639: 7208: 6837:Israel/Palestine: Exploring A One State Reality 6238: 5728:"35: Walling in People Walling out Sovereignty" 4681: 3385: 3279: 2537: 2456: 2081:In a 2013 report on the Palestinian economy in 1925:United Nations Security Council Resolution 2334 1408:United Nations Security Council Resolution 2334 400:critical of Israeli policy towards Palestinians 258:Israel controls all area outside these enclaves 8598:"Settler policy imperils Israel's foundations" 8036:Iranophobia: The Logic of an Israeli Obsession 8028:. Open Canada, Canadian International Council. 6557: 6518: 5704: 5406:The Destruction of Memory: Architecture at War 5102:"6: The economics of an independent Palestine" 5079:Palestine and the International Criminal Court 5034: 4630: 4196: 3963: 3951: 3125: 1336:in 2005, and in the ensuing years, during the 824:, condemned apartheid as an "idiotic system". 773:as "less than Bantustans". The September 1978 9120:Human rights abuses in the State of Palestine 6682: 6661: 6410:"Palestine and Israel: Mapping an annexation" 5730:. In Beinin, Joel; Stein, Rebecca L. (eds.). 5546: 4106: 4079: 4067: 3744: 3720: 3397: 2913: 2406: 2404: 917:Some enclaves are entirely surrounded by the 511:Israeli planning in the West Bank before Oslo 498:used it in the early 2000s, for example with 377:. According to a report commissioned for the 84: 8220:Rosen, Maya; Shaul, Yehuda (December 2020). 8184:. In Gasiorowski, Mark; L.Yom, Sean (eds.). 8062:. In Hanssen, Jens; Ghazal, Amal N. (eds.). 7770: 7486: 7426:Palestine Inside Out: An Everyday Occupation 7188:Apartheid Israel: The Politics of an Analogy 6903: 6821: 6662:Holzman-Gazit, Dr Yifat (28 February 2013). 5780: 5422: 4654: 4016: 3621: 3457: 2963: 2773: 2524: 2323: 1597: 1448:Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank 891:, described as the "Bantustanization" of a " 711:on behalf of the Settlement Division of the 9042: 8645:Strickland, Patrick O. (12 February 2015). 8209:"Politics and Conflict in a Contested City" 7605:"Challenges of urban planning in Palestine" 7565: 7184:"Apartheid's Little Israel: Bophuthatswana" 6519:Hareuveni, Eyal; Etkes, Dror (March 2021). 6290: 6122: 5127:Arafat, Yasser (1978). "The PLO Position". 5055: 4355: 4232: 4133: 2939: 2442: 2241: 2185:Media coverage of the Arab–Israeli conflict 2047:Declarations of State Land in the West Bank 895:unit". The Intifada lost impetus after the 761:strategy of South Africa, In January 1978, 672: 555:, the Israeli minister after whom the 1967 404:territories set aside for black inhabitants 8644: 8577: 8354: 8219: 8007:Terror als Vorwand: Die Sprache der Gewalt 7026:"6: The Ghettoization of the Palestinians" 6577: 5725: 5715:United States Government Publishing Office 5381: 5363: 4994: 4985: 4897: 4762: 4618: 4594: 4582: 4403: 3756: 3580: 3308: 3207:, pp. 24–25, summary publication p.2) 3194:, pp. 24–25, summary publication p.2) 2946: 2422: 2420: 2411: 2401: 2141:Palestinian displacement in East Jerusalem 1393:In 2016, the last year of his presidency, 1233: 827: 719: 263:The "islands" first took official form as 91: 77: 9016: 8273: 7630: 7596:Overview section also published publicly 6395: 6367: 5994:. Stanford University Press. p. 14. 5584: 5498: 5288: 4606: 3538: 3409: 3252: 3240: 3152: 2694: 2597: 2595: 1681: 1147: 1092: 941:engaged in follow-up negotiations at the 8592: 8465: 8179: 8162:. Oxford University Press. p. 253. 8084: 7859: 7834: 7652: 7349: 7075: 7054: 6397:"A Government of Change (for the worse)" 5369:"Bantustan Plan for an apartheid Israel" 5274: 5056:Adam, Heribert; Moodley, Kogila (2005). 4558: 4522: 4343: 4268: 3987: 3804: 3780: 2663: 2661: 2647: 2645: 2631: 2629: 2580: 2578: 2354: 2285: 2206: 2153:describes Jerusalem as "an enclave city 2123: 1953: 1601: 1451: 1380: 937:on 13 September 1993, Yassir Arafat and 912: 780: 676: 592: 514: 422:terminology in various contexts include 257: 238:nominally self-governing black homelands 9074: 8951: 8918: 8829: 8737: 8699: 8023: 7969: 7809: 7786: 7710:Nassar, Prof Jamal R. (15 March 1982). 7679:Motro, Shari (September–October 2005). 7525: 7447: 7419: 7377: 7313: 7280: 7252: 7181: 7126: 7095: 7006:. Oxford University Press. p. 73. 6947:Kelly, Jennifer Lynn (September 2016). 6921: 6907:; Michaeli, Merav (14 September 2011). 6578:Harms, Gregory; Ferry, Todd M. 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This has been referred to as the " 8738:Tharoor, Ishaan (29 January 2020). 8640:from the original on 29 March 2017. 8231: 8207:Rokem, Jonathan (20 January 2013). 8057: 8032: 7743: 7681:"Lessons From the Swiss Cheese Map" 6265: 6009:Evans, Dominic (14 February 2007). 5796: 5534:"Problems of Victory Divide Israel" 5343:Rowman & Littlefield Publishers 5027:Israel and Palestine Monthly Review 3633: 3165: 3111: 3014: 2799: 2760: 2681: 2151:Centre for Urban Conflicts Research 2043:Land expropriation in the West Bank 1646: 1441: 1385:The "Palestinian Archipelago" in a 1134:, surrounded on three sides by the 725: 411:, the Israeli government's overall 348:Israeli occupation of the West Bank 13: 8921:"The Architecture of Ariel Sharon" 8578:Srivastava, Mehul (17 June 2020). 8481:Shezaf, Hagar (10 December 2020). 8466:Sherwood, Harriet (28 June 2020). 8451:Shaul, Yehuda (11 February 2020). 8251:10.1023/B:IJPS.0000019609.37719.99 8139:. 16 December 2016. 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Shortly afterwards, 682: 598: 523: 402:, in reference to the 391: 358:in the West Bank. 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The enclaves are 157:Gaza Strip blockade 9105:Conquer and Divide 8730:The New York Times 7703:Also available at 7654:Molinari, Maurizio 7503:10.1007/BF00817910 7294:Middle East Policy 7194:. pp. 53–66. 7082:The Jerusalem Post 7034:Thinking Palestine 7000:Klein, M. (2019). 6957:American Quarterly 6831:. 4 November 2021. 6809:on 13 January 2021 6564:The Jerusalem Post 6530:& Kerem Navot. 6471:The New York Times 6403:. 28 October 2021. 6369:Gorenberg, Gershom 6343:(2 October 2008). 6234:. 11 January 2008. 6158:. 23 December 2021 6023:Falah, Ghazi-Walid 5462:Middle East Report 5083:T.M.C. Asser Press 3914:The New York Times 3745:Holzman-Gazit 2013 3735:, pp. 35, 37. 3721:Holzman-Gazit 2013 3460:, pp. 15, 54. 3398:Honig-Parnass 2011 3221:, pp. 16–17). 2430:, pp. 79–80). 2168:Birzeit University 2133: 2037:Land expropriation 1960: 1942:West Bank closures 1713:Benjamin Netanyahu 1692:Area C (West Bank) 1647:כמובלעות פלשתיניות 1624: 1608:Benjamin Netanyahu 1470:State of Palestine 1462: 1391: 1332:Sharon eventually 1251:and commenced the 1240:road map for peace 1051:Norman Finkelstein 931: 893:self-determination 869:State of Palestine 791:Israeli settlement 775:Camp David accords 698:Separation Barrier 683: 599: 524: 356:Jewish settlements 311:Benjamin Netanyahu 9135:Israeli apartheid 9067:978-0-786-74485-5 9035:978-1-442-24508-2 8972:978-1-84467-868-6 8911:978-0-7453-1337-5 8871:. 3 November 2021 8822:978-1-62779-710-8 8716:978-1-60127-054-2 8626:(3 August 1967). 8570:978-0-19-045908-6 8412:978-0-253-03874-6 8385:978-0-520-29350-2 8294:978-1-588-26686-6 8275:Rubenberg, Cheryl 8199:978-0-429-97411-3 8169:978-0-19-060547-6 8105:978-1-844-67076-5 8077:978-0-199-67253-0 8058:Raz, Avi (2020). 8050:978-0-804-77119-1 8016:978-3-770-01183-4 7962:978-0-307-37925-2 7937:978-0-253-02511-1 7852:978-0-745-63383-1 7838:Suicide Terrorism 7827:978-1-135-94523-7 7736:978-1-464-80196-9 7671:978-8-842-06063-5 7591:978-3-7643-7868-4 7543:978-1-135-20204-0 7440:978-0-393-06996-9 7370:978-1-608-46148-6 7273:978-0-87609-036-7 7245:(also in Hebrew: 7222:978-0-86356-739-1 7201:978-1-608-46519-4 7144:978-1-134-05232-5 7068:978-0-7914-5337-7 7047:978-1-84813-789-9 7013:978-0-19-008758-6 6939:978-0-300-22085-8 6783:(February 2020). 6772:978-0-896-08285-4 6700:978-1-608-46214-8 6675:978-1-4094-9592-5 6595:978-0-7453-2378-7 6550:978-1-4780-1247-4 6440:978-1-608-46047-2 6388:978-1-466-80054-0 6360:978-0-520-94236-3 6332:978-1-610-39083-5 6304:978-0-429-97515-8 6283:978-0-755-61703-6 6266:Gil, Avi (2020). 6258:978-1-317-62091-4 6217:978-0-521-88835-6 6143:978-1-859-84442-7 6115:978-1-137-02972-0 6001:978-0-8047-9825-9 5894:978-1-134-17217-7 5869:978-0-231-53735-3 5773:978-1-848-13649-6 5745:978-0-8047-5365-4 5682:978-0-226-43009-6 5661:978-1-244-00753-6 5632:978-0-745-31788-5 5604:978-9-004-26066-5 5577:978-1-84737-512-4 5556:. pp. 38–43. 5524:978-0-932-86393-5 5517:. Clarity Press. 5447:978-0-7453-1337-5 5415:978-1-86189-205-8 5383:Benvenisti, Meron 5367:(26 April 2004). 5365:Benvenisti, Meron 5352:978-1-442-24508-2 5316:(13): 1237–1240. 5119:978-1-84813-801-8 5092:978-94-6265-291-0 5069:978-1-84472-130-6 5048:978-1-250-10520-2 4996:Abu-Lughod, Janet 4972:, pp. 63–77. 4960:, pp. 24–25. 4864:, pp. 92–93. 4148:, pp. 23–24. 4017:BBC Timeline 2019 3891:, pp. 66–67. 3879:, pp. 53–55. 3855:, pp. 31–32. 3043:, pp. 10–11) 2357:, pp. 39–68) 1902: 1901: 1667:Apartheid analogy 1658:Hebrew University 1587:(USMEP), and the 1432:Member of Knesset 709:Matityahu Drobles 641:in the north and 279:(the rest of the 216:are areas in the 209: 208: 58:and parts of the 9142: 9087: 9071: 9039: 9013: 8976: 8948: 8931:(3–4): 337–353. 8915: 8894: 8880: 8878: 8876: 8860: 8826: 8798: 8764: 8754: 8752: 8750: 8734: 8720: 8701:Telhami, Shibley 8696: 8676: 8663: 8661: 8659: 8641: 8619: 8617: 8607: 8594:Stephens, Philip 8589: 8574: 8549: 8518: 8516: 8514: 8508: 8499: 8497: 8495: 8477: 8462: 8447: 8431: 8416: 8389: 8364: 8351: 8349: 8347: 8321: 8298: 8283:(3rd ed.). 8270: 8228: 8226: 8216: 8203: 8176: 8152: 8150: 8148: 8134: 8125: 8119: 8109: 8081: 8054: 8029: 8020: 7998: 7980: 7974: 7966: 7941: 7916: 7877: 7856: 7831: 7806: 7783: 7781: 7779: 7767: 7761: 7752: 7751:. 21 April 2014. 7740: 7715: 7702: 7700: 7698: 7675: 7649: 7636: 7634: 7595: 7574: 7572: 7562: 7547: 7522: 7483: 7444: 7416: 7384:Critical Inquiry 7374: 7346: 7330: 7310: 7290: 7277: 7244: 7226: 7205: 7178: 7161: 7148: 7123: 7092: 7090: 7088: 7072: 7051: 7020: 6996: 6981: 6953: 6943: 6918: 6900: 6882: 6880: 6871: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6843: 6841: 6832: 6818: 6816: 6814: 6794: 6776: 6751: 6720: 6718: 6716: 6704: 6679: 6658: 6640: 6622: 6599: 6574: 6572: 6570: 6554: 6531: 6525: 6515: 6481: 6479: 6477: 6461: 6444: 6417: 6404: 6392: 6364: 6336: 6308: 6287: 6262: 6247:(2nd ed.). 6235: 6231:Evening Standard 6221: 6198:Gelvin, James L. 6193: 6187: 6178: 6176: 6167: 6165: 6163: 6147: 6132:(2nd ed.). 6119: 6094: 6060: 6035:(8): 1341–1372. 6018: 6005: 5984: 5967: 5952: 5934: 5925:"Sharon's Dream" 5923:(18 June 2007). 5916: 5898: 5873: 5848: 5831: 5808: 5802: 5793: 5787: 5777: 5749: 5722: 5712: 5701: 5686: 5665: 5636: 5608: 5581: 5557: 5555: 5543: 5528: 5504: 5502: 5466: 5451: 5433:Race & Class 5419: 5400: 5395:. Archived from 5378: 5360: 5325: 5302: 5292: 5271: 5238: 5199: 5168: 5162: 5152: 5123: 5096: 5073: 5052: 5031: 4991: 4973: 4967: 4961: 4955: 4949: 4943: 4937: 4931: 4925: 4919: 4913: 4907: 4901: 4895: 4889: 4883: 4877: 4871: 4865: 4859: 4853: 4847: 4841: 4836:Evening Standard 4832: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4796: 4790: 4784: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4760: 4751: 4750:, pp. 9–10. 4745: 4736: 4730: 4724: 4718: 4712: 4703: 4697: 4691: 4685: 4679: 4673: 4667: 4661: 4652: 4646: 4640: 4634: 4628: 4622: 4616: 4610: 4604: 4598: 4592: 4586: 4580: 4574: 4568: 4562: 4556: 4550: 4544: 4538: 4532: 4526: 4520: 4514: 4508: 4502: 4496: 4490: 4484: 4475: 4469: 4463: 4457: 4448: 4442: 4436: 4430: 4424: 4418: 4407: 4401: 4395: 4389: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4356:Migdalovitz 2006 4353: 4347: 4341: 4335: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4311: 4305: 4299: 4293: 4287: 4281: 4272: 4266: 4260: 4254: 4248: 4242: 4236: 4233:Goldschmidt 2018 4230: 4224: 4218: 4212: 4206: 4200: 4194: 4188: 4182: 4176: 4170: 4164: 4158: 4149: 4143: 4137: 4134:Finkelstein 2003 4131: 4125: 4119: 4110: 4104: 4095: 4089: 4083: 4077: 4071: 4065: 4056: 4050: 4044: 4038: 4032: 4026: 4020: 4014: 4003: 3997: 3991: 3985: 3979: 3973: 3967: 3961: 3955: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3919: 3910: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3820: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3759:, p. 61(V). 3754: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3679: 3673: 3667: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3601: 3595: 3584: 3578: 3572: 3566: 3557: 3551: 3542: 3536: 3530: 3524: 3518: 3512: 3506: 3500: 3491: 3482: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3448:, pp. 6–20. 3443: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3413: 3407: 3401: 3395: 3389: 3383: 3372: 3366: 3353: 3347: 3341: 3335: 3329: 3323: 3312: 3306: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3222: 3214: 3208: 3201: 3195: 3188: 3182: 3175: 3169: 3162: 3156: 3148: 3142: 3135: 3129: 3121: 3115: 3107: 3101: 3094: 3088: 3081: 3075: 3068: 3062: 3050: 3044: 3037: 3031: 3024: 3018: 3007: 3001: 2990: 2984: 2977: 2971: 2956: 2950: 2943: 2937: 2930: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2910: 2904: 2883: 2877: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2856: 2849: 2843: 2836: 2830: 2823: 2817: 2809: 2803: 2796: 2790: 2783: 2777: 2770: 2764: 2757: 2751: 2743: 2737: 2730: 2724: 2717: 2711: 2708: 2702: 2691: 2685: 2678: 2672: 2665: 2656: 2649: 2640: 2633: 2624: 2613: 2607: 2599: 2590: 2582: 2573: 2566:binational state 2561: 2555: 2547: 2541: 2534: 2528: 2521: 2515: 2508: 2502: 2495: 2489: 2482: 2476: 2468: 2462: 2437: 2431: 2424: 2415: 2408: 2399: 2392: 2386: 2379: 2373: 2366: 2360: 2327: 2318: 2312: 2280: 2269: 2253: 2247: 2201: 1992:Meron Benvenisti 1981:, bypass roads, 1730: 1729: 1721:Trump peace plan 1663:Benjamin Pogrund 1648: 1466:Trump peace plan 1442:Trump peace plan 1367:Realignment plan 1273:Meron Benvenisti 1260:Foreign Minister 1242:advanced by the 1117: 1105: 1068:Wye River Accord 1055:Meron Benvenisti 989: 985: 885:settlement blocs 726:The Road to Oslo 500:Meron Benvenisti 490:in 1995, though 468:Meron Benvenisti 389: 373:" by geographer 319:Trump peace plan 102: 93: 86: 79: 70: 69: 52:Trump peace plan 50:Proposal in the 47: 29: 9150: 9149: 9145: 9144: 9143: 9141: 9140: 9139: 9110: 9109: 9095: 9090: 9068: 9036: 9018:Yiftachel, Oren 8973: 8912: 8874: 8872: 8849:10.2307/3015929 8831:Toynbee, Arnold 8823: 8762: 8748: 8746: 8717: 8674: 8670:(Summer 2008). 8657: 8655: 8652:Middle East Eye 8615: 8603:Financial Times 8585:Financial Times 8571: 8512: 8510: 8506: 8493: 8491: 8413: 8386: 8345: 8343: 8295: 8224: 8200: 8170: 8146: 8144: 8132: 8117: 8106: 8086:Reinhart, Tanya 8078: 8051: 8017: 7963: 7938: 7853: 7828: 7777: 7775: 7759: 7737: 7696: 7694: 7672: 7598:at ResearchGate 7592: 7570: 7558:New Left Review 7553:"New Jerusalem" 7544: 7441: 7371: 7361:Haymarket Books 7351:Machover, Moshé 7288: 7274: 7233:(28 May 2020). 7223: 7202: 7192:Haymarket Books 7145: 7086: 7084: 7069: 7048: 7014: 6951: 6940: 6878: 6870:. 16 June 2020. 6853: 6851: 6839: 6812: 6810: 6790:Foreign Affairs 6773: 6763:South End Press 6740:10.2307/2536750 6714: 6712: 6701: 6691:Haymarket Books 6676: 6596: 6568: 6566: 6551: 6523: 6475: 6473: 6441: 6431:Haymarket Books 6389: 6361: 6341:Gordon, Dr Neve 6333: 6305: 6284: 6259: 6218: 6185: 6174: 6161: 6159: 6144: 6116: 6083:10.3751/59.2.13 6002: 5905:(13 May 2003). 5895: 5870: 5828: 5800: 5785: 5774: 5746: 5710: 5683: 5662: 5633: 5605: 5578: 5553: 5525: 5493:(50): 127–136. 5448: 5416: 5353: 5160: 5141:10.2307/2536214 5120: 5093: 5070: 5049: 5012:10.2307/2536268 4981: 4976: 4968: 4964: 4956: 4952: 4944: 4940: 4932: 4928: 4920: 4916: 4908: 4904: 4896: 4892: 4884: 4880: 4872: 4868: 4860: 4856: 4848: 4844: 4833: 4829: 4821: 4817: 4809: 4805: 4797: 4793: 4785: 4781: 4773: 4769: 4763:Benvenisti 2006 4761: 4754: 4746: 4739: 4731: 4727: 4719: 4715: 4704: 4700: 4692: 4688: 4680: 4676: 4668: 4664: 4653: 4649: 4641: 4637: 4629: 4625: 4617: 4613: 4605: 4601: 4595:Abu-Lughod 1982 4593: 4589: 4583:Strickland 2015 4581: 4577: 4569: 4565: 4557: 4553: 4545: 4541: 4533: 4529: 4521: 4517: 4509: 4505: 4497: 4493: 4485: 4478: 4470: 4466: 4458: 4451: 4443: 4439: 4431: 4427: 4419: 4410: 4402: 4398: 4390: 4386: 4378: 4374: 4366: 4362: 4354: 4350: 4342: 4338: 4330: 4326: 4318: 4314: 4306: 4302: 4294: 4290: 4282: 4275: 4267: 4263: 4255: 4251: 4243: 4239: 4231: 4227: 4219: 4215: 4207: 4203: 4195: 4191: 4183: 4179: 4171: 4167: 4159: 4152: 4144: 4140: 4132: 4128: 4120: 4113: 4105: 4098: 4090: 4086: 4078: 4074: 4066: 4059: 4051: 4047: 4039: 4035: 4027: 4023: 4015: 4006: 3998: 3994: 3986: 3982: 3974: 3970: 3962: 3958: 3950: 3946: 3938: 3934: 3926: 3922: 3911: 3907: 3899: 3895: 3887: 3883: 3875: 3871: 3863: 3859: 3851: 3847: 3839: 3835: 3827: 3823: 3815: 3811: 3803: 3799: 3791: 3787: 3779: 3775: 3767: 3763: 3757:Abu-Lughod 1981 3755: 3751: 3743: 3739: 3731: 3727: 3719: 3715: 3707: 3700: 3692: 3688: 3680: 3676: 3668: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3644: 3640: 3632: 3628: 3620: 3616: 3608: 3604: 3596: 3587: 3581:Benvenisti 2004 3579: 3575: 3567: 3560: 3552: 3545: 3537: 3533: 3525: 3521: 3513: 3509: 3501: 3494: 3483: 3476: 3468: 3464: 3456: 3452: 3444: 3440: 3432: 3428: 3420: 3416: 3408: 3404: 3396: 3392: 3384: 3375: 3367: 3356: 3348: 3344: 3336: 3332: 3324: 3315: 3309:Srivastava 2020 3307: 3298: 3290: 3286: 3278: 3271: 3263: 3259: 3251: 3247: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3226: 3225: 3215: 3211: 3202: 3198: 3189: 3185: 3176: 3172: 3163: 3159: 3155:, p. 147). 3149: 3145: 3136: 3132: 3122: 3118: 3108: 3104: 3095: 3091: 3082: 3078: 3069: 3065: 3061:, pp. 6–7) 3051: 3047: 3038: 3034: 3025: 3021: 3008: 3004: 2991: 2987: 2978: 2974: 2957: 2953: 2947:Benvenisti 2004 2944: 2940: 2931: 2927: 2911: 2907: 2903:, p. 303). 2884: 2880: 2875: 2871: 2863: 2859: 2850: 2846: 2837: 2833: 2824: 2820: 2810: 2806: 2797: 2793: 2784: 2780: 2771: 2767: 2758: 2754: 2744: 2740: 2731: 2727: 2718: 2714: 2709: 2705: 2697:, p. 153; 2692: 2688: 2679: 2675: 2666: 2659: 2650: 2643: 2634: 2627: 2614: 2610: 2603:Massimo D'Alema 2600: 2593: 2583: 2576: 2562: 2558: 2548: 2544: 2535: 2531: 2522: 2518: 2509: 2505: 2496: 2492: 2483: 2479: 2469: 2465: 2438: 2434: 2425: 2418: 2409: 2402: 2393: 2389: 2380: 2376: 2367: 2363: 2319: 2315: 2281: 2272: 2254: 2250: 2202: 2198: 2193: 2176: 2143: 2122: 2074:Financial Times 2053: 2041:Main articles: 2039: 2002:was asked what 1987:divide and rule 1952: 1934: 1905:including Sinai 1819:East Jerusalem 1694: 1686:Main articles: 1684: 1679: 1600: 1579:Financial Times 1450: 1444: 1436:Ksenia Svetlova 1379: 1277:Separation Wall 1268:Massimo D'Alema 1236: 1228:Second Intifada 1174:Rashomon effect 1166: 1156: 1150: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1142: 1127: 1126: 1125: 1118: 1110: 1109: 1106: 1095: 1064: 1005:Emmental cheese 997: 911: 905: 867:proclaimed the 836: 830: 783: 751: 745: 728: 675: 591: 583:Main articles: 581: 551:In early 1968, 549: 537:American Jewish 526:After the 1967 513: 508: 396: 387: 340: 335: 271:under the 1995 220:designated for 210: 205: 184: 163: 104: 100: 97: 67: 66: 65: 64: 63: 48: 40: 39: 30: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9148: 9138: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9108: 9107: 9102: 9094: 9093:External links 9091: 9089: 9088: 9084:United Nations 9072: 9066: 9040: 9034: 9014: 8977: 8971: 8949: 8916: 8910: 8895: 8881: 8861: 8827: 8821: 8803:Thrall, Nathan 8799: 8755: 8735: 8721: 8715: 8697: 8664: 8642: 8620: 8608: 8590: 8575: 8569: 8550: 8538:10.2307/798058 8532:(2): 171–199. 8519: 8500: 8478: 8463: 8458:Foreign Policy 8448: 8438:(6 May 2019). 8432: 8417: 8411: 8390: 8384: 8365: 8352: 8322: 8312:(3/4): 18–31. 8299: 8293: 8277:, ed. (2010). 8271: 8245:(3): 365–403. 8229: 8217: 8215:(23): 719–736. 8204: 8198: 8177: 8168: 8153: 8137:United Nations 8126: 8110: 8104: 8082: 8076: 8055: 8049: 8030: 8021: 8015: 7999: 7981: 7979:. 6 June 2004. 7967: 7961: 7942: 7936: 7917: 7891:(1): 247–281. 7878: 7868:(2): 269–291. 7857: 7851: 7832: 7826: 7807: 7784: 7768: 7753: 7749:United Nations 7741: 7735: 7716: 7707: 7676: 7670: 7650: 7637: 7600: 7590: 7584:. Birkhäuser. 7575: 7563: 7561:. No. 81. 7548: 7542: 7523: 7497:(3): 333–345. 7484: 7451:Israel Studies 7445: 7439: 7421:Makdisi, Saree 7417: 7397:10.1086/430974 7391:(2): 443–461. 7379:Makdisi, Saree 7375: 7369: 7347: 7331: 7311: 7278: 7272: 7250: 7227: 7221: 7206: 7200: 7179: 7162: 7149: 7143: 7124: 7106:(5): 981–999. 7093: 7073: 7067: 7061:. SUNY Press. 7052: 7046: 7021: 7012: 6997: 6982: 6964:(3): 723–745. 6944: 6938: 6919: 6901: 6883: 6872: 6860: 6844: 6833: 6819: 6795: 6777: 6771: 6752: 6721: 6705: 6699: 6680: 6674: 6659: 6641: 6623: 6613:(3): 169–189. 6600: 6594: 6575: 6555: 6549: 6532: 6516: 6498:(2): 105–106. 6482: 6462: 6445: 6439: 6418: 6405: 6393: 6387: 6365: 6359: 6337: 6331: 6313:Goodman, Hirsh 6309: 6303: 6288: 6282: 6263: 6257: 6236: 6222: 6216: 6194: 6179: 6168: 6148: 6142: 6120: 6114: 6095: 6077:(2): 230–245. 6065:Farsakh, Leila 6061: 6019: 6006: 6000: 5985: 5968: 5953: 5935: 5917: 5899: 5893: 5874: 5868: 5849: 5845:United Nations 5832: 5826: 5809: 5794: 5778: 5772: 5754:Cook, Jonathan 5750: 5744: 5723: 5702: 5687: 5681: 5666: 5660: 5652:2027.42/127105 5637: 5631: 5609: 5603: 5582: 5576: 5558: 5544: 5529: 5523: 5509:Boyle, Francis 5505: 5476: 5475: 5474: 5452: 5446: 5420: 5414: 5401: 5379: 5361: 5351: 5326: 5303: 5272: 5239: 5213:(6): 719–736. 5200: 5182:(1): 143–167. 5169: 5153: 5135:(3): 171–174. 5124: 5118: 5097: 5091: 5074: 5068: 5053: 5047: 5032: 4992: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4974: 4962: 4950: 4938: 4926: 4924:, p. 173. 4914: 4902: 4890: 4878: 4866: 4854: 4842: 4827: 4815: 4803: 4791: 4789:, p. 132. 4779: 4777:, p. 170. 4767: 4752: 4737: 4735:, p. 150. 4725: 4713: 4698: 4686: 4674: 4662: 4647: 4635: 4623: 4611: 4607:Peace Now 2021 4599: 4587: 4575: 4563: 4551: 4539: 4527: 4515: 4503: 4491: 4476: 4464: 4449: 4437: 4425: 4408: 4406:, p. 211. 4396: 4384: 4372: 4360: 4348: 4336: 4324: 4322:, p. 231. 4312: 4310:, p. 990. 4300: 4288: 4286:, p. 236. 4273: 4261: 4249: 4237: 4235:, p. 375. 4225: 4223:, p. 152. 4213: 4201: 4189: 4187:, p. 253. 4177: 4165: 4150: 4138: 4136:, p. 177. 4126: 4111: 4096: 4084: 4072: 4057: 4045: 4033: 4021: 4004: 4002:, p. 151. 3992: 3980: 3978:, p. 255. 3968: 3966:, p. 404. 3956: 3954:, p. 403. 3944: 3932: 3920: 3905: 3893: 3881: 3869: 3857: 3845: 3833: 3821: 3819:, p. 350. 3809: 3807:, p. 163. 3797: 3785: 3773: 3771:, p. 277. 3761: 3749: 3747:, p. 137. 3737: 3725: 3713: 3698: 3686: 3674: 3662: 3660:, p. 128. 3650: 3648:, p. 122. 3638: 3636:, p. 162. 3626: 3614: 3602: 3585: 3573: 3558: 3543: 3541:, p. 153. 3539:Gorenberg 2006 3531: 3519: 3507: 3492: 3474: 3472:, p. 262. 3462: 3450: 3438: 3426: 3414: 3412:, p. 147. 3410:Rubenberg 2010 3402: 3400:, p. 206. 3390: 3373: 3354: 3342: 3340:, p. 258. 3330: 3313: 3296: 3284: 3269: 3257: 3255:, p. 320. 3253:Yiftachel 2016 3245: 3241:Chaichian 2013 3232: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3223: 3209: 3196: 3183: 3181:, p. 175) 3170: 3157: 3153:Rubenberg 2010 3143: 3130: 3116: 3102: 3089: 3076: 3063: 3045: 3032: 3030:, p. 280) 3019: 3002: 2985: 2983:, p. 199) 2972: 2951: 2938: 2925: 2905: 2878: 2869: 2857: 2844: 2831: 2818: 2804: 2791: 2778: 2765: 2763:, p. 163) 2752: 2738: 2725: 2712: 2703: 2695:Gorenberg 2006 2686: 2684:, p. 278) 2673: 2657: 2641: 2625: 2623:, p. 83a) 2617:available here 2608: 2591: 2574: 2572:, p. 231) 2556: 2542: 2529: 2527:, p. 334) 2516: 2514:, p. 268) 2503: 2490: 2477: 2463: 2461: 2460: 2453: 2446: 2445:, p. 104) 2432: 2416: 2400: 2387: 2385:, p. 144) 2374: 2372:, p. 889) 2361: 2359: 2358: 2351: 2344: 2343:, p. 256) 2333: 2313: 2311: 2310: 2309:, p. 291) 2303: 2302:, p. 256) 2296: 2289: 2288:, p. 292) 2270: 2248: 2246: 2245: 2244:, p. 104) 2238: 2231: 2224: 2217: 2210: 2195: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2188: 2187: 2182: 2175: 2172: 2155:par excellence 2137:East Jerusalem 2121: 2118: 2083:East Jerusalem 2038: 2035: 2004:George W. Bush 1933: 1930: 1910: 1909: 1906: 1900: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1881:Golan Heights 1878: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1824:Jewish Quarter 1820: 1816: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1790: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1709:Menachem Begin 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1599: 1596: 1544:Bophuthatswana 1522: 1521: 1514: 1499: 1488: 1485: 1443: 1440: 1378: 1375: 1235: 1232: 1152:Main article: 1149: 1146: 1129: 1128: 1122:United Nations 1119: 1112: 1111: 1107: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1063: 1060: 1011:was quoted by 1001:holes ("eyes") 996: 993: 975:Oslo II Accord 907:Main article: 904: 901: 834:First Intifada 832:Main article: 829: 826: 782: 779: 771:Menachem Begin 747:Main article: 744: 741: 727: 724: 674: 671: 631:Givat HaMivtar 607:East Jerusalem 603:West Jerusalem 589:East Jerusalem 580: 577: 565:East Jerusalem 548: 545: 512: 509: 507: 504: 476:Menachem Klein 426:(reportedly), 395: 392: 339: 336: 334: 331: 307:Menachem Begin 273:Oslo II Accord 234:often compared 207: 206: 204: 203: 198: 192: 190: 186: 185: 183: 182: 177: 171: 169: 165: 164: 162: 161: 160: 159: 149: 144: 143: 142: 137: 126: 125: 119: 118: 112: 110: 106: 105: 96: 95: 88: 81: 73: 49: 42: 41: 37:Oslo II Accord 31: 24: 23: 22: 21: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9147: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9117: 9115: 9106: 9103: 9100: 9097: 9096: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9076:Ziegler, Jean 9073: 9069: 9063: 9059: 9055: 9054: 9049: 9045: 9044:Zertal, Idith 9041: 9037: 9031: 9027: 9023: 9019: 9015: 9011: 9007: 9003: 8999: 8995: 8991: 8987: 8983: 8978: 8974: 8968: 8964: 8960: 8959: 8954: 8953:Weizman, Eyal 8950: 8946: 8942: 8938: 8934: 8930: 8926: 8922: 8917: 8913: 8907: 8903: 8902: 8896: 8892: 8891: 8886: 8882: 8870: 8866: 8862: 8858: 8854: 8850: 8846: 8842: 8838: 8837: 8832: 8828: 8824: 8818: 8814: 8810: 8809: 8804: 8800: 8796: 8792: 8788: 8784: 8780: 8776: 8772: 8768: 8761: 8756: 8745: 8741: 8736: 8732: 8731: 8726: 8722: 8718: 8712: 8708: 8707: 8702: 8698: 8694: 8690: 8686: 8682: 8681: 8673: 8669: 8665: 8654: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8639: 8635: 8634: 8629: 8625: 8621: 8614: 8609: 8605: 8604: 8599: 8595: 8591: 8587: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8572: 8566: 8562: 8558: 8557: 8551: 8547: 8543: 8539: 8535: 8531: 8527: 8526: 8520: 8505: 8501: 8490: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8475: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8460: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8445: 8441: 8437: 8433: 8429: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8414: 8408: 8404: 8400: 8396: 8391: 8387: 8381: 8377: 8373: 8372: 8366: 8362: 8358: 8353: 8342: 8338: 8334: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8319: 8315: 8311: 8307: 8306: 8300: 8296: 8290: 8286: 8282: 8281: 8276: 8272: 8268: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8248: 8244: 8240: 8239: 8234: 8230: 8223: 8218: 8214: 8210: 8205: 8201: 8195: 8191: 8187: 8183: 8178: 8175: 8171: 8165: 8161: 8160: 8154: 8142: 8138: 8131: 8127: 8123: 8116: 8111: 8107: 8101: 8097: 8093: 8092: 8087: 8083: 8079: 8073: 8069: 8065: 8061: 8056: 8052: 8046: 8042: 8038: 8037: 8031: 8027: 8022: 8018: 8012: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7996: 7995: 7990: 7986: 7982: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7964: 7958: 7954: 7950: 7949: 7943: 7939: 7933: 7929: 7925: 7924: 7918: 7914: 7910: 7906: 7902: 7898: 7894: 7890: 7886: 7885: 7879: 7875: 7871: 7867: 7863: 7858: 7854: 7848: 7844: 7840: 7839: 7833: 7829: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7814: 7808: 7804: 7800: 7797:(in French). 7796: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7773: 7769: 7765: 7758: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7738: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7723: 7717: 7713: 7708: 7706: 7692: 7688: 7687: 7686:Legal Affairs 7682: 7677: 7673: 7667: 7663: 7659: 7655: 7651: 7647: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7624: 7620: 7616: 7612: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7599: 7593: 7587: 7583: 7582: 7576: 7569: 7564: 7560: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7545: 7539: 7535: 7531: 7530: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7500: 7496: 7492: 7491: 7485: 7481: 7477: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7458:(1): 79–103. 7457: 7453: 7452: 7446: 7442: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7427: 7422: 7418: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7402: 7398: 7394: 7390: 7386: 7385: 7380: 7376: 7372: 7366: 7362: 7358: 7357: 7352: 7348: 7344: 7340: 7336: 7335:Lynk, Michael 7332: 7328: 7324: 7320: 7316: 7312: 7308: 7304: 7300: 7296: 7295: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7260: 7255: 7251: 7248: 7242: 7241: 7236: 7232: 7228: 7224: 7218: 7214: 7213: 7207: 7203: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7185: 7180: 7176: 7172: 7168: 7163: 7159: 7155: 7150: 7146: 7140: 7136: 7132: 7131: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7100: 7094: 7083: 7079: 7074: 7070: 7064: 7060: 7059: 7053: 7049: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7031: 7030:Lentin, Ronit 7027: 7022: 7019: 7015: 7009: 7005: 7004: 6998: 6994: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6959: 6958: 6950: 6945: 6941: 6935: 6931: 6927: 6926: 6920: 6916: 6915: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6897: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6849: 6845: 6838: 6834: 6830: 6829: 6824: 6820: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6792: 6791: 6786: 6782: 6781:Indyk, Martin 6778: 6774: 6768: 6764: 6760: 6759: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6728: 6722: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6696: 6692: 6688: 6687: 6681: 6677: 6671: 6667: 6666: 6660: 6656: 6655: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6637: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6607: 6601: 6597: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6582: 6576: 6565: 6561: 6556: 6552: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6533: 6529: 6522: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6501: 6497: 6493: 6492: 6487: 6483: 6472: 6468: 6463: 6459: 6455: 6451: 6446: 6442: 6436: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6375: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6347: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6319: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6300: 6296: 6295: 6289: 6285: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6270: 6264: 6260: 6254: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6237: 6233: 6232: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6204: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6184: 6180: 6173: 6169: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6130: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6102: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6071: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6029: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6007: 6003: 5997: 5993: 5992: 5986: 5983: 5978: 5974: 5969: 5965: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5950: 5949: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5931: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5913: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5881: 5875: 5871: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5856: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5827:90-411-0502-6 5823: 5819: 5815: 5810: 5807:. April 2015. 5806: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5784: 5779: 5775: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5760: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5724: 5721: 5720:Palestinians. 5716: 5709: 5708: 5703: 5699: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5684: 5678: 5674: 5673: 5667: 5663: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5644: 5638: 5634: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5619: 5614: 5613:Chomsky, Noam 5610: 5606: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5583: 5579: 5573: 5569: 5568: 5563: 5562:Carter, Jimmy 5559: 5552: 5551: 5545: 5541: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5526: 5520: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5468: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5449: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5434: 5429: 5425: 5424:Bishara, Azmi 5421: 5417: 5411: 5407: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5393: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5375: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5310: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5207: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5176: 5170: 5166: 5159: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5125: 5121: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5098: 5094: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5075: 5071: 5065: 5061: 5060: 5054: 5050: 5044: 5040: 5039: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4984: 4983: 4971: 4966: 4959: 4954: 4948:, Section 20. 4947: 4942: 4936:, p. 24. 4935: 4930: 4923: 4918: 4911: 4906: 4900:, p. 15. 4899: 4894: 4887: 4882: 4876:, p. 32. 4875: 4870: 4863: 4858: 4851: 4846: 4839: 4837: 4831: 4825:, p. 93. 4824: 4819: 4812: 4807: 4800: 4795: 4788: 4783: 4776: 4771: 4764: 4759: 4757: 4749: 4744: 4742: 4734: 4729: 4722: 4717: 4710: 4708: 4702: 4696:, p. 14. 4695: 4690: 4683: 4678: 4671: 4666: 4659: 4657: 4651: 4644: 4639: 4632: 4627: 4620: 4615: 4608: 4603: 4597:, p. 29. 4596: 4591: 4584: 4579: 4572: 4567: 4560: 4559:Lazaroff 2021 4555: 4548: 4543: 4536: 4531: 4524: 4523:Sherwood 2020 4519: 4512: 4507: 4500: 4495: 4488: 4483: 4481: 4473: 4468: 4462:, p. 23. 4461: 4456: 4454: 4447:, p. 49. 4446: 4441: 4434: 4429: 4422: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4405: 4400: 4394:, p. 92. 4393: 4388: 4382:, p. 83. 4381: 4376: 4369: 4364: 4357: 4352: 4346:, p. 55. 4345: 4344:Machover 2012 4340: 4333: 4328: 4321: 4316: 4309: 4304: 4297: 4292: 4285: 4280: 4278: 4270: 4269:Molinari 2000 4265: 4259:, p. 85. 4258: 4253: 4246: 4241: 4234: 4229: 4222: 4217: 4210: 4205: 4198: 4193: 4186: 4181: 4175:, p. 92. 4174: 4169: 4163:, p. 25. 4162: 4157: 4155: 4147: 4142: 4135: 4130: 4124:, p. 95. 4123: 4118: 4116: 4109:, p. 40. 4108: 4103: 4101: 4094:, p. 47. 4093: 4088: 4082:, p. 41. 4081: 4076: 4070:, p. 39. 4069: 4064: 4062: 4054: 4049: 4043:, p. 93. 4042: 4037: 4030: 4025: 4018: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4001: 3996: 3990:, p. 76. 3989: 3988:Kretzmer 2002 3984: 3977: 3972: 3965: 3960: 3953: 3948: 3942:, p. 58. 3941: 3936: 3930:, p. 31. 3929: 3924: 3917: 3915: 3909: 3902: 3897: 3890: 3885: 3878: 3873: 3866: 3861: 3854: 3849: 3842: 3837: 3830: 3825: 3818: 3813: 3806: 3805:Reinhart 2006 3801: 3795:, p. 57. 3794: 3789: 3783:, p. 66. 3782: 3781:Pedahzur 2005 3777: 3770: 3765: 3758: 3753: 3746: 3741: 3734: 3729: 3722: 3717: 3711:, p. 25. 3710: 3705: 3703: 3696:, p. 58. 3695: 3690: 3684:, p. 57. 3683: 3678: 3672:, p. 45. 3671: 3666: 3659: 3654: 3647: 3642: 3635: 3630: 3624:, p. 47. 3623: 3618: 3612:, p. 73. 3611: 3606: 3599: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3582: 3577: 3570: 3565: 3563: 3555: 3550: 3548: 3540: 3535: 3528: 3523: 3516: 3511: 3505:, p. 16. 3504: 3499: 3497: 3489: 3487: 3481: 3479: 3471: 3466: 3459: 3454: 3447: 3442: 3435: 3430: 3423: 3418: 3411: 3406: 3399: 3394: 3387: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3371:, p. 46. 3370: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3351: 3346: 3339: 3334: 3327: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3310: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3293: 3288: 3281: 3276: 3274: 3266: 3261: 3254: 3249: 3242: 3237: 3233: 3220: 3213: 3206: 3200: 3193: 3187: 3180: 3174: 3168:, p. 26) 3167: 3161: 3154: 3147: 3140: 3134: 3128:, p. 5). 3127: 3120: 3113: 3106: 3099: 3093: 3086: 3080: 3073: 3067: 3060: 3055: 3049: 3042: 3036: 3029: 3023: 3017:, p. 82) 3016: 3012: 3006: 2999: 2995: 2994:Dov Weissglas 2989: 2982: 2976: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2955: 2948: 2942: 2935: 2929: 2922: 2909: 2902: 2897: 2893: 2888: 2882: 2873: 2867: 2861: 2855: 2848: 2842:, p. 52) 2841: 2835: 2829:, p. 90) 2828: 2822: 2815: 2808: 2801: 2795: 2788: 2782: 2776:, p. 47) 2775: 2769: 2762: 2756: 2749: 2742: 2735: 2729: 2722: 2716: 2707: 2700: 2696: 2690: 2683: 2677: 2670: 2664: 2662: 2654: 2648: 2646: 2638: 2632: 2630: 2622: 2618: 2612: 2604: 2598: 2596: 2588: 2581: 2579: 2571: 2567: 2560: 2553: 2546: 2539: 2533: 2526: 2520: 2513: 2507: 2500: 2494: 2488:, p. 62) 2487: 2481: 2475:, p. 6). 2474: 2467: 2459:, p. 14) 2458: 2454: 2452:, p. 35) 2451: 2447: 2444: 2440: 2439: 2436: 2429: 2423: 2421: 2413: 2407: 2405: 2397: 2391: 2384: 2378: 2371: 2365: 2356: 2355:Baylouny 2009 2352: 2349: 2345: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2320: 2317: 2308: 2304: 2301: 2297: 2294: 2290: 2287: 2286:Robinson 2018 2283: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2258:Francis Boyle 2252: 2243: 2239: 2236: 2232: 2230:, p. 63) 2229: 2225: 2222: 2218: 2215: 2211: 2208: 2207:Stephens 2013 2204: 2203: 2200: 2196: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2177: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2142: 2138: 2130: 2126: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2100:According to 2098: 2096: 2092: 2091:Givat HaMatos 2088: 2084: 2079: 2076: 2075: 2068: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2023: 2017: 2012: 2010: 2005: 2001: 1996: 1993: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1975: 1968: 1963: 1956: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1929: 1926: 1922: 1919: 1918:Givat HaMatos 1915: 1907: 1904: 1903: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1703: 1699: 1693: 1689: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1655: 1652:According to 1650: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1634: 1630: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1586: 1581: 1580: 1574: 1572: 1569:and entitled 1568: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1528:Mahmoud Abbas 1526: 1519: 1515: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1474: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1417: 1413:According to 1411: 1409: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1388: 1383: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1359: 1358:Sadat lecture 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1329: 1326: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1245: 1241: 1231: 1229: 1223: 1218: 1216: 1215: 1210: 1206: 1201: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1165: 1161: 1155: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1123: 1116: 1104: 1090: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1069: 1066:A subsequent 1059: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1037: 1032: 1030: 1024: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1010: 1009:Yasser Arafat 1006: 1002: 992: 981: 976: 971: 969: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 943:UNESCO summit 940: 936: 935:Oslo I Accord 928: 924: 920: 915: 910: 900: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 841:Yitzhak Rabin 835: 825: 823: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 787: 778: 776: 772: 768: 767:Yasser Arafat 765:(PLO) leader 764: 760: 756: 750: 740: 737: 733: 730:According to 723: 721: 716: 714: 710: 705: 701: 699: 695: 691: 687: 679: 670: 668: 664: 660: 656: 655:Ma'ale Adumim 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 618: 616: 612: 608: 604: 595: 590: 586: 576: 572: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 544: 542: 539:intellectual 538: 533: 529: 522: 517: 503: 501: 497: 493: 492:Yassir Arafat 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 419: 416: 415: 410: 405: 401: 390: 382: 380: 376: 372: 371:enclavization 368: 363: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 330: 326: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 301: 297: 292: 290: 286: 282: 278: 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Retrieved 8843:(1): 38–68. 8840: 8834: 8807: 8773:(1): 63–77. 8770: 8766: 8747:. Retrieved 8743: 8728: 8705: 8684: 8678: 8668:Taraki, Lisa 8658:10 September 8656:. Retrieved 8650: 8631: 8601: 8583: 8555: 8529: 8523: 8511:. Retrieved 8492:. Retrieved 8486: 8473:The Guardian 8471: 8456: 8436:Shany, Yuval 8425: 8398: 8370: 8360: 8344:. Retrieved 8330: 8309: 8303: 8279: 8242: 8236: 8212: 8185: 8173: 8158: 8147:20 September 8145:. Retrieved 8141:the original 8090: 8063: 8035: 8006: 7992: 7976: 7947: 7922: 7888: 7882: 7865: 7861: 7843:Polity Press 7837: 7812: 7801:– via 7798: 7792: 7776:. Retrieved 7721: 7695:. Retrieved 7691:the original 7684: 7657: 7614: 7608: 7580: 7556: 7528: 7494: 7488: 7455: 7449: 7425: 7388: 7382: 7355: 7326: 7322: 7315:Lustick, Ian 7301:(1): 34–45. 7298: 7292: 7282:Lustick, Ian 7258: 7254:Lustick, Ian 7240:Israel Hayom 7238: 7211: 7187: 7174: 7170: 7157: 7129: 7103: 7097: 7085:. Retrieved 7081: 7057: 7033: 7017: 7002: 6990: 6961: 6955: 6924: 6914:The Atlantic 6912: 6894: 6852:. Retrieved 6828:The New Arab 6826: 6811:. Retrieved 6807:the original 6799:"Intervista" 6788: 6757: 6734:(3): 53–89. 6731: 6725: 6715:10 September 6713:. Retrieved 6685: 6664: 6652: 6634: 6610: 6604: 6580: 6567:. Retrieved 6563: 6536: 6495: 6489: 6486:Halper, Jeff 6474:. Retrieved 6470: 6457: 6453: 6426: 6400: 6373: 6345: 6317: 6293: 6268: 6244: 6229: 6202: 6160:. Retrieved 6128: 6100: 6074: 6068: 6032: 6026: 5990: 5980: 5976: 5961: 5946: 5928: 5921:Eldar, Akiva 5910: 5903:Eldar, Akiva 5879: 5854: 5836:Dugard, John 5813: 5758: 5731: 5718: 5706: 5695: 5671: 5642: 5617: 5590: 5566: 5549: 5537: 5513: 5490: 5484: 5471:Google books 5460: 5437: 5431: 5405: 5397:the original 5390: 5374:The Guardian 5372: 5357:ResearchGate 5355:– via 5338: 5313: 5307: 5283:(3): 39–68. 5280: 5276: 5251: 5247: 5210: 5204: 5179: 5173: 5132: 5128: 5105: 5078: 5058: 5037: 5026: 5023: 5006:(2): 16–54. 5003: 4999: 4965: 4953: 4941: 4929: 4922:Baumann 2016 4917: 4905: 4893: 4881: 4869: 4862:Makdisi 2012 4857: 4852:, p. 3. 4850:Ziegler 2003 4845: 4835: 4830: 4818: 4811:Blecher 2005 4806: 4794: 4787:Le More 2008 4782: 4775:Le More 2008 4770: 4728: 4716: 4707:The New Arab 4706: 4701: 4689: 4677: 4665: 4656:The New Arab 4655: 4650: 4638: 4626: 4614: 4602: 4590: 4578: 4566: 4554: 4542: 4530: 4518: 4506: 4494: 4467: 4460:Lustick 2005 4440: 4428: 4399: 4392:Makdisi 2012 4387: 4380:Telhami 2010 4375: 4363: 4351: 4339: 4327: 4320:Farsakh 2005 4315: 4308:Le More 2005 4303: 4291: 4264: 4257:Marzano 2011 4252: 4240: 4228: 4221:Aronoff 2009 4216: 4209:Epstein 2002 4204: 4192: 4180: 4168: 4146:McMahon 2010 4141: 4129: 4122:Kamrava 2016 4087: 4075: 4055:, p. 4. 4048: 4041:Parsons 2005 4036: 4024: 3995: 3983: 3971: 3959: 3947: 3935: 3923: 3913: 3908: 3896: 3884: 3877:Lissoni 2015 3872: 3865:Rahnema 2014 3860: 3848: 3841:Weizman 2006 3836: 3829:Weizman 2006 3824: 3817:Weizman 2006 3812: 3800: 3793:Goodman 2011 3788: 3776: 3764: 3752: 3740: 3733:Lustick 1997 3728: 3716: 3709:Weizman 2012 3689: 3677: 3670:Lustick 1988 3665: 3653: 3641: 3629: 3617: 3605: 3576: 3534: 3522: 3510: 3485: 3465: 3453: 3441: 3429: 3417: 3405: 3393: 3345: 3333: 3287: 3282:, p. 1. 3260: 3248: 3236: 3212: 3199: 3186: 3179:Baumann 2016 3173: 3160: 3146: 3133: 3119: 3105: 3092: 3079: 3066: 3048: 3041:Weizman 2012 3035: 3022: 3010: 3005: 2988: 2975: 2954: 2941: 2928: 2908: 2881: 2872: 2860: 2847: 2834: 2821: 2807: 2794: 2787:Makdisi 2005 2781: 2768: 2755: 2741: 2728: 2715: 2706: 2689: 2676: 2621:Telhami 2010 2611: 2570:Farsakh 2005 2559: 2545: 2532: 2519: 2506: 2493: 2480: 2466: 2435: 2428:Kamrava 2016 2390: 2377: 2364: 2336: 2316: 2307:Makdisi 2012 2251: 2235:Tharoor 2020 2221:Lissoni 2015 2216:, p. 4) 2199: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2144: 2113: 2109: 2101: 2099: 2080: 2072: 2070: 2065: 2060:Jean Ziegler 2054: 2031:Martin Indyk 2021: 2019: 2014: 2000:Colin Powell 1997: 1972: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1923: 1911: 1789:Gaza Strip 1695: 1651: 1638:Israel Hayom 1636: 1625: 1592:Michael Lynk 1577: 1575: 1570: 1559:Yehuda Shaul 1556: 1523: 1463: 1429: 1421:Chemi Shalev 1414: 1412: 1395:Barack Obama 1392: 1349: 1338:Sharon-Peres 1331: 1322: 1316: 1301: 1257: 1237: 1225: 1220: 1212: 1207:wrote about 1205:Jimmy Carter 1202: 1197:Ze'ev Schiff 1189: 1178: 1167: 1082:maquiladoras 1077:Noam Chomsky 1065: 1043:urban sprawl 1039: 1034: 1029:Shaul Arieli 1026: 1021: 1017: 998: 980:Central Park 972: 963:Azmi Bishara 939:Shimon Peres 932: 903:Oslo Accords 852: 844: 837: 811:Shimon Peres 788: 784: 752: 729: 717: 706: 702: 686:Ariel Sharon 684: 651:Pisgat Ze'ev 647:East Talpiot 639:Neve Ya'akov 623:Ramot Eshkol 619: 600: 573: 550: 525: 496:Israeli left 488:Azmi Bishara 464:Ze'ev Schiff 440:Martin Indyk 428:Colin Powell 424:Ariel Sharon 420: 412: 397: 384: 364: 359: 352:Swiss cheese 344:reservations 341: 327: 293: 268: 264: 262: 253: 249: 246:South Africa 222:Palestinians 213: 211: 139: 60:Negev Desert 33:Area A and B 18: 9058:Hachette UK 8988:: 254–259. 8963:Verso Books 8749:24 February 8687:(4): 6–20. 8624:Stone, I.F. 8494:10 December 8096:Verso Books 8003:Primor, Avi 7985:Primor, Avi 7231:Lord, Amnon 6645:Hass, Amira 6627:Hass, Amira 6586:Pluto Press 6476:24 February 6323:Hachette UK 6192:. May 2013. 5623:Pluto Press 5335:Peled, Yoav 5290:10945/35591 5254:: 173–182. 4886:Shezaf 2020 4874:UNCTAD 2013 4823:Peteet 2017 4748:Peteet 2017 4694:Erakat 2019 4535:Gordon 2008 4499:Haddad 2020 4433:Shalev 2017 4421:Entous 2018 4368:Safire 2006 4245:Carter 2006 3940:Hunter 1986 3901:Nassar 1982 3889:Clarno 2009 3769:Gelvin 2007 3694:Shafir 2017 3682:Shafir 2017 3658:Alissa 2013 3569:Slater 2001 3554:Primor 2002 3503:Dugard 2007 3470:Peteet 2016 3446:Taraki 2008 3422:Bowman 2007 3292:Harris 1984 3219:Dumper 2014 3028:Haddad 2009 2960:Moshe Arens 2901:Slater 2020 2892:Halper 2004 2887:Jeff Halper 2840:Peteet 2017 2748:Hunter 1987 2734:Arafat 1978 2721:Primor 2002 2587:Brogan 1967 2512:Peteet 2016 2499:Primor 2002 2486:Peteet 2017 2473:Taraki 2008 2383:Thrall 2017 2341:Peteet 2016 2300:Slater 2020 2293:Harker 2020 2228:Peteet 2017 2214:Clarno 2017 2009:John Dugard 1979:checkpoints 1832:Neve Yaakov 1822:2,300 (see 1764:Gush Etzion 1725:Neve Gordon 1654:Yuval Shany 1618:becoming a 1536:Ian Lustick 1362:James Baker 1354:Akiva Eldar 1342:Ehud Olmert 1192:revisionist 1181:Dennis Ross 1164:Taba Summit 1047:Edward Said 957:signed the 799:sister city 694:Ron Nachman 661:(1981) and 627:French Hill 553:Yigal Allon 541:I. F. Stone 532:Moshe Dayan 528:Six-Day War 484:verbal noun 480:Akiva Eldar 472:Yuval Shany 456:I. F. Stone 452:Yigal Allon 444:Daniel Levy 436:John Dugard 432:James Baker 375:Ghazi Falah 367:encystation 240:created in 228:to end the 9114:Categories 8925:Third Text 8875:4 February 8867:. Geneva: 8513:31 October 8120:(Report). 7778:9 February 7762:(Report). 7697:8 February 7617:(1): 1–5. 7490:GeoJournal 7087:30 October 6905:Judt, Tony 6887:Judt, Tony 6854:4 February 6813:11 January 6569:4 February 6526:(Report). 6414:Al Jazeera 6188:(Report). 6162:4 February 6154:. Geneva: 5939:Elon, Amos 5843:(Report). 5803:(Report). 5788:(Report). 5163:(Report). 4946:Rokem 2013 4670:OHCHR 2021 4511:Kirby 2020 4472:Shaul 2020 4445:Stock 2019 4332:Eldar 2003 4296:Eldar 2007 4185:Riley 2016 4161:Sabel 2011 4092:Motro 2005 4029:Evans 2007 3928:UNHCR 2013 3610:Klein 2019 3598:Shany 2019 3434:Falah 2005 3369:Motro 2005 3350:Kelly 2016 3338:Behar 2016 3326:UNHRC 2020 3265:Boyle 2011 3229:References 3139:Falah 2005 3098:Cohen 2020 3059:UNHCR 2013 2998:Eldar 2007 2981:Efrat 2006 2669:Eldar 2007 2653:Stone 1967 2637:Indyk 2020 2450:Usher 1999 2348:Barak 2005 2330:Kelly 2016 2135:See also: 1936:See also: 1932:Contiguity 1794:Kfar Darom 1698:Allon Plan 1629:Al Jazeera 1478:Gaza Strip 1476:A reduced 1446:See also: 1403:Ben Rhodes 1399:John Kerry 1158:See also: 923:Bir Nabala 921:, such as 873:Green Line 857:Africanist 732:Avi Primor 557:Allon Plan 547:Allon Plan 521:Allon Plan 460:Avi Primor 394:Bantustans 296:Allon Plan 289:Amira Hass 250:bantustans 168:Historical 35:under the 9130:West Bank 9050:(2009) . 9010:107537477 8945:144717482 8795:144445414 8787:1538-5132 8346:3 January 8341:0362-4331 8267:145653769 8233:Roy, Sara 8115:Jerusalem 7913:147128703 7818:Routledge 7534:Routledge 7519:153996106 7480:143454051 7413:154951084 7135:Routledge 7038:Zed Books 6978:151482682 6401:Peace Now 6249:Routledge 6057:154697979 5885:Routledge 5764:Zed Books 5539:The Times 5268:0264-2751 5110:Zed Books 4799:Hass 2004 4733:Drew 1997 4487:Lord 2020 4000:Drew 1997 3976:Wing 2000 3853:Adem 2019 3646:Korn 2013 3527:Elon 1996 3515:Levy 2020 3085:Lynk 2020 3072:Levy 2020 2968:Judt 2003 2934:Feld 2014 2921:IMFA 2006 2814:Elon 1996 2699:Cook 2013 2396:Hass 2018 2370:ITAN 2015 2260:, former 2129:Sur Baher 2120:Jerusalem 2055:In 2003, 1998:In 2004, 1950:Seam Zone 1914:Peace Now 1762:480 (see 1711:'s plan, 1677:Land area 1633:Peace Now 1464:The 2020 1317:vis-a-vis 1305:Tony Judt 1289:Bethlehem 1072:Amos Elon 1013:Uri Savir 995:Oslo maps 973:The 1995 759:Bantustan 615:Beit Jala 611:Bethlehem 519:The 1967 448:Amos Elon 388:created'. 325:option". 323:Bantustan 309:'s plan, 281:West Bank 242:apartheid 218:West Bank 9002:25659407 8955:(2012). 8805:(2017). 8703:(2010). 8638:Archived 8318:41575857 8259:20007687 8088:(2006). 8005:(2003). 7905:43955521 7656:(2000). 7511:41145605 7423:(2012). 7353:(2012). 7329:(1): 23. 7317:(2005). 7284:(1997). 7256:(1988). 6619:41857718 6528:B'Tselem 6371:(2006). 6315:(2011). 6200:(2007). 6126:(2003). 6106:Springer 5756:(2013). 5697:Ynetnews 5564:(2006). 5511:(2011). 5469:Also at 5337:(eds.). 5299:20752894 5235:53652363 5227:30042415 5196:25655613 3634:Gil 2020 3166:NRC 2015 3112:QoP 2014 3015:Ram 2009 3011:Hamastan 2800:Roy 2004 2761:Gil 2020 2682:Raz 2020 2174:See also 2114:de facto 2095:Har Homa 1983:The Wall 1876:671,700 1871:423,913 1868:269,200 1851:220,000 1792:30 (see 1784:451,700 1614:showing 1540:Transkei 1518:Qalqilya 1492:Ramallah 1350:Hamastan 1297:Ramallah 1262:for the 1132:Qalqilya 927:Qalandia 861:Intifada 845:de facto 743:Autonomy 667:Har Homa 657:(1977), 381:(UNDP), 189:Proposed 8857:3015929 8488:Haaretz 8444:Lawfare 8427:Haaretz 8361:Haaretz 7994:Haaretz 7977:Haaretz 7874:4328804 7766:. 2013. 7662:Laterza 7646:Reuters 7619:Bibcode 7120:3569071 7032:(ed.). 6748:2536750 6654:Haaretz 6636:Haaretz 6091:4330126 6049:4017718 6015:Reuters 5930:Haaretz 5912:Haaretz 5392:Haaretz 5322:4418023 5149:2536214 5020:2536268 4979:Sources 3486:Haaretz 2295:, Ch.2) 2223:, Ch.4) 2102:Haaretz 1974:hafrada 1946:Hafrada 1865:99,795 1862:10,531 1846:181,587 1843:152,800 1781:400,000 1778:234,500 1775:111,600 1702:Drobles 1616:Jericho 1563:Drobles 1511:Tulkarm 1484:desert; 1416:Haaretz 968:Jericho 947:Granada 569:Jericho 506:History 414:hafrada 300:Drobles 265:Areas A 236:to the 109:Ongoing 9064: 9032: 9008: 9000: 8969: 8943: 8908: 8855: 8819: 8793: 8785: 8713: 8567: 8546:798058 8544: 8409: 8382: 8339: 8316: 8291: 8265: 8257: 8196: 8166: 8102: 8074: 8047: 8013: 7959: 7934: 7911: 7903: 7872: 7849: 7824: 7764:UNCTAD 7733: 7668: 7588: 7540: 7517: 7509: 7478: 7470: 7437: 7411: 7405:430974 7403: 7367: 7270: 7219: 7198: 7141: 7118: 7065: 7044: 7010: 6976: 6936: 6769: 6746: 6697: 6672: 6617: 6592: 6547: 6510: 6437: 6385: 6357: 6329: 6301: 6280: 6255: 6214: 6190:PASSIA 6140: 6112: 6089: 6055: 6047: 5998: 5977:SFGATE 5891: 5866: 5824: 5770: 5742: 5679: 5658: 5629: 5601: 5574: 5521: 5444: 5412: 5349: 5320: 5297: 5266: 5248:Cities 5233: 5225: 5194: 5147: 5116: 5089: 5066: 5045: 5018: 2087:UNCTAD 2049:, and 2011:wrote 1948:, and 1896:17,265 1893:12,600 1859:2,810 1856:Total 1840:76,095 1828:Atarot 1772:22,800 1707:plan, 1700:, the 1643:Hebrew 1552:Ciskei 1550:, and 1509:, and 1503:Nablus 1293:Hebron 1285:Nablus 1140:Area C 951:Jordan 881:Sheves 877:Meretz 815:Labour 807:Ciskei 755:Arabic 561:Jordan 482:. The 478:, and 305:plan, 298:, the 277:Area C 9006:S2CID 8998:JSTOR 8941:S2CID 8869:OHCHR 8853:JSTOR 8791:S2CID 8763:(PDF) 8675:(PDF) 8616:(PDF) 8542:JSTOR 8507:(PDF) 8314:JSTOR 8263:S2CID 8255:JSTOR 8225:(PDF) 8133:(PDF) 8122:UNHCR 8118:(PDF) 7909:S2CID 7901:JSTOR 7870:JSTOR 7760:(PDF) 7571:(PDF) 7515:S2CID 7507:JSTOR 7476:S2CID 7468:JSTOR 7409:S2CID 7401:JSTOR 7343:UNHCR 7289:(PDF) 7116:JSTOR 7028:. 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