Borders of Israel - Knowledge

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leaves no doubt that Palestine did not include Transjordan in prior periods ... The Zionist and later on the Israeli discourse stresses the 'fact' that Israel emerged on only a very small part of Palestine – less than a third – by which they mean the entirety of Palestine and Transjordan; hence the term 'the partitioned State' ... While Israel officially is more circumspect in its pronouncements, its official spokesmen often refer to Jordan as a Palestinian State and claim that Palestinians already therefore have a state of their own. A series of advertisements that appeared in major American newspapers in the course of 1983 claimed openly that Jordan is Palestine. The series was presumably paid for by 'private' sponsors who support Israel but have been reported to be acting on behalf of certain sectors of Israel's leadership. Though rightly discredited as spurious scholarship, Joan Peters's From Time Immemorial (1984) gave much publicity to the Zionist definition of Palestine as including Transjordan (and, throughout, her work utilizes seriously flawed data that specifically refer to 'Western Palestine'). Perhaps Israel's preference for a solution to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict in terms of what has become known as the 'Jordanian' option reflects the same understanding."

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In 1964, concluding its work, the committee suggested to the two governments that the area be deemed the property of Lebanon, and recommended that the international border be reestablished consistent with its suggestion. However, neither Syria nor Lebanon adopted the committee's suggestion, and neither country took any action along the suggested lines. Thus, maps of the area continued to reflect the Farms as being in Syria. Even maps of both the Syrian and Lebanese armies continued to demarcate the region within Syrian territory (see map).

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Zionist approval as treason. The call 'Two banks for the Jordan river – this one is ours and so is the other' was heard from then onward. Even the other side of the Jewish political map did not lose its faith in achieving a better political solution, and in a famous song – which was composed many years later – one can find the words 'from Metulla to the Negev, from the sea to the desert'. The allusion is clearly to the desert that lies east of the Trans-Jordanian heights and not to the Judean desert."

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language confuses some readers into imagining that Transjordanian territory was covered by the conditions of the Mandate as to the Jewish National Home before August 1921. Not so; what became Transjordanian territory was not part of the mandate at all. As noted, it was part of the Arabian Chapter problem; it was, in other words, in a state of postwar legal and administrative limbo. And this is also not to speak of the fact that, as of August 1921, the mandates had yet to be approved or take effect."

941:, to be known as the State of Israel." Epstein, Agent, Provisional Government of Israel said in a letter to President Truman seeking recognition from the U.S. government, sent immediately after the Declaration of May 14, 1948, "that the state of Israel has been proclaimed as an independent republic within frontiers approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations in its Resolution of November 29, 1947", (i.e., within the area designated as the "Jewish state" in the partition plan). 471: 882:. Taba was on the Egyptian side of the armistice line of 1949, but Israel claimed that Taba had been on the Ottoman side of a border agreed between the Ottomans and British Egypt in 1906, and that there had previously been an error in marking the line. The issue was submitted to an international commission composed of one Israeli, one Egyptian, and three outsiders. In 1988, the commission ruled in Egypt's favor, and Israel withdrew from Taba later that year. 3022: 1109: 3032: 160: 746: 246:

administration different from that of Palestine, however undesirable it may be for His Majesty's Government themselves to propose alterations of the mandates at this stage, they were inclined to view that when the "A" mandates come to be considered by the Council of the League it would be wise in this case to propose to that body the insertion... after article 24 of the Palestine mandate..."

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assistant legal adviser to the Foreign Office. Their suggestion, on the 25th by Shuckburgh, was that... a clause be inserted in each of the mandates... The first draft of Article 25 was originally worded "to postpone the application of such provisions," but was altered at Shuckburgh's initiative since "'postpone' means, or may be taken to mean, that we are going to apply them eventually""

583: 625:. At the same time, the United Nations did not have to consider the legality of the boundary between Lebanon and the Israeli-controlled Golan Heights, as that was not required for the purpose of Council Resolution 425. Accordingly, the Armistice Demarcation Line between Lebanon and the Israeli-controlled Golan Heights is expressly not to be called the Blue Line. 371:, signed on October 26, 1994, resolved all outstanding territorial and border issues between the two countries that had existed since the 1948 War. The treaty specified and fully recognized the international border between Israel and Jordan, with Jordan confirming its renunciation of any claim to the West Bank. Upon its signing, the 926:, on behalf of the Jewish community, despite its misgivings, indicated acceptance of the plan. With a few exceptions, the Arab leaders and governments rejected the plan of partition in the resolution and indicated that they would reject any other plan of partition. Britain declared that the Mandate was to end on May 15, 1948. 459:

final report on February 3, 1922, and it was approved with some caveats by the British and French governments on March 7, 1923, several months before Britain and France assumed their Mandatory responsibilities on September 29, 1923. In accordance with the same process, a nearby parcel of land that included the ancient site of

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Wasserstein writes: "Palestine, therefore, was not partitioned in 1921–1922. Transjordan was not excised but, on the contrary, added to the mandatory area. Zionism was barred from seeking to expand there – but the Balfour Declaration had never previously applied to the area east of the Jordan. Why is

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Adam Garfinkle explained, "After the Cairo Conference of March 1921, whereupon the Emirate of Transjordan was created, Article 25 pertaining to Transjordan was added to the draft Mandate – in August 1921. Article 25 notes that Transjordanian territory is not included in the Jewish National Home. This

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of Israel passed a law to annex all land that Israel had captured in the war, and declaring that from then on, any part of Palestine taken by the Israeli army would automatically be annexed to Israel. This, effectively, annexed to Israel all land within the Green Line, though the armistice agreements

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had not been built, and the Ottomans therefore had no simple access to the Red Sea. The British were also interested in making the border as short and patrollable as possible, and some contest that it did not take into account the needs of the local residents in the negotiations, although its clauses

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The Shebaa Farms conflict stems from Israel's occupation and annexation of the Golan Heights, with respect to that territory's border with Lebanon. Both Lebanon and Syria were within the French Mandate territory between 1920 and the end of the French Mandate in 1946. The dispute over the sovereignty

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Border disputes arose at times, however. Shebaa Farms was not unique; several other border villages had similar discrepancies of borders versus land ownership. Syria and Lebanon formed a joint Syrian–Lebanese border committee in the late 1950s to determine a proper border between the two nations.

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Biger wrote, "The results of the Cairo conference were a failure for the Zionist Organization, but Britain had won itself a devoted ally east of the Jordan ... Certain Zionist politicians, and especially the circles that surrounded Ze'ev Jabutinski, regarded the British decisions and the quiet

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Klieman writes: "Accordingly, Churchill cabled the Colonial Office on 21 March, asking whether the Cairo proposals would necessitate any special provisions being made in the two mandates... Upon receipt of this cable informal consultation took place between the Colonial Office legal adviser and the

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writes that the public clarification and implementation of Article 25, more than a year after its addition to the Mandate, misled some "into imagining that Transjordanian territory was covered by the conditions of the Mandate as to the Jewish National Home before August 1921". This would, according

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approved the Palestine Mandate, which came into effect in 1923 after a dispute between France and Italy over the Syria Mandate was settled. The Mandate stated that Britain could 'postpone or withhold' application of the provisions dealing with the 'Jewish National Home' in the territory east of the

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March 12, 1921, British memorandum explaining the situation of Transjordan: "His Majesty's Government have been entrusted with the Mandate for "Palestine." If they wish to assert their claim to Trans-Jordan and to avoid raising with other Powers the legal status of that area, they can only do so by

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heard views in Israel, Lebanon and Syria. The United Nations cartographer and his team, assisted by UNIFIL, worked on the ground to identify a line to be adopted for the practical purposes of confirming the Israeli withdrawal. While it was agreed that this would not be a formal border demarcation,

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Documents from the 1920s and 1930s indicate that some local inhabitants regarded themselves as part of Lebanon, for example paying taxes to the Lebanese government. But French officials at times expressed confusion as to the actual location of the border. One French official in 1939 expressed the

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Abu-Lughod, writing in 1988: "... the statement presented by Mr Herbert Samuel, the first British High Commissioner, to the League of Nations on the administration of Palestine and Transjordan between 1920–25 ... is sufficiently clear on the distinctness of Transjordan and its emergence and

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A 1920 agreement defined the boundary between the forthcoming British and French mandates in broad terms, and placed the bulk of the Golan Heights in the French sphere. The agreement also established a joint commission to settle the border and mark it on the ground. The commission submitted its

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March 25, 1921, proposal, approved a week later, to include Transjordan via Article 25: "On the assumption that... provision is made in some way in final political arrangements as regards Trans-Jordania for its inclusion within the boundaries of Palestine as eventually fixed, but under a form of

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and its neighbours, as well as an effect of the agreements among colonial powers ruling in the region before Israel's creation. Only two of Israel's five total potential land borders are internationally recognized and uncontested, while the other three remain disputed; the majority of its border

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At the same time, Israel has continued to claim a nominal strip on the border between the West Bank and Jordan, and between Gaza and Egypt as its border with those countries. This is viewed as a legalistic device to enable Israel to control the entry of people and materials into the Palestinian

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During the 1990s, there were constant negotiations between Israel and Syria regarding a mediation of conflicts and an Israeli withdrawal from the Golan Heights but a peace treaty did not come to fruition. The main stumbling block seems to involve the 66 square kilometers of territory that Syria

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of the boundary between French Syria and Palestine, which will constitute the northern frontier and the eastern line of demarcation, adjoining Arab Syria. The latter is not likely to be fixed until the Emir Feisal attends the Peace Conference, probably in Paris." See: 'Zionist Aspirations: Dr

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that it had redeployed its forces in compliance with Council Resolution 425, that is to the Internationally recognized Lebanese border. On June 7, the completed map showing the withdrawal line was formally transmitted by the force commander of UNIFIL to his Lebanese and Israeli counterparts.

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In 1967, most Shebaa Farms landowners and (Lebanese) farmers lived outside the Syrian-controlled region, across the Lebanon-Syrian border, in the Lebanese village of Shebaa. During the Six Day War in 1967, Israel captured the Golan Heights from Syria, including the Shebaa Farms area. As a

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On April 17, 2000, Israel announced that it would withdraw its forces from Lebanon. The Lebanese government refused to take part in marking the border. The UN thus conducted its own survey based on the line for the purpose of Council Resolution 425, which called for "strict respect for the

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In 1923, 38 boundary markers were placed along the 78-kilometre (48-mile) boundary and a detailed text description was published. The 2000 Blue Line differs in about a half dozen short stretches from the 1949 line, although never by more than 475 metres (1,558 ft).

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were officially designated as the borders between Israel and Jordan and between Jordan and the territory occupied by Israel in 1967. For the latter, the agreement requires that the demarcation use a different presentation, and that it carry the following disclaimer:

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A number of local residents regarded themselves as Lebanese, however. The Lebanese government showed little interest in their views. The Syrian government administered the region, and on the eve of the 1967 war, the region was under effective Syrian control.

364:, though Jordan continued to claim the territory as its own after that date. In July 1988, Jordan renounced all claims to the West Bank, in favour of the Palestinian Liberation Organisation, as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people". 632:

before March 14, 1978, when Israel invaded Lebanon. In effect that line was recognised by both Lebanon and by Israel as the international border, and not just as the Armistice Demarcation Line of 1949 (what is commonly called the Green Line) following the

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proceeding upon the assumption that Trans-Jordan forms part of the area covered by the Palestine Mandate. In default of this assumption Trans-Jordan would be left, under article 132 of the Treaty of Sèvres, to the disposal of the principal Allied Powers."

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As of April 2021, there was an ongoing dispute over the Mediterranean Sea border between Israel and Lebanon. Negotiations on the maritime border commenced in October 2020 and led to success, i.e. both sides reaching and ratifying an agreement in 2022.

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clarified "that the final status , including the borders, would be left to the two parties to negotiate and decide." Since then, several other countries have formally recognised Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, and moved their embassies there.

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that Israel had withdrawn its forces from Lebanon in accordance with Council Resolution 425 and met the requirements defined in his report of May 22, 2000. The withdrawal line has been termed the Blue Line in all official UN communications since.

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The region continued to be represented in the 1930s and 1940s as Syrian territory, under the French Mandate. Detailed maps showing the border were produced by the French in 1933, and again in 1945. They clearly showed the region to be in Syria.

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In 2011, Palestine submitted an application for membership to the United Nations, using the borders for military administration that existed before 1967, effectively the 1949 armistice line or Green Line. As Israel does not recognize the

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The 1949 armistice agreement between Israel and Egypt was ratified on February 24, 1949. The armistice line between these countries followed the international border except along the Gaza Strip, which remained under Egyptian occupation.

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the aim was to identify a line on the ground closely conforming to the internationally recognized boundaries of Lebanon, based on the best available cartographic and other documentary evidence. On May 25, 2000, Israel notified the

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Notwithstanding their reservations about the line, the governments of Israel and Lebanon confirmed that identifying this line was solely the responsibility of the United Nations and that they would respect the line as identified.

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which calls for the return by Israel to "the 1967 borders". While Israel has expressed desire to annex the border settlement blocs and keep East Jerusalem, its border with Gaza has largely been solidified, especially following

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According to the personal documents of the British colonel Wilfed A. Jennings Bramley, who influenced the negotiations, the border mainly served British military interests—it furthered the Ottomans as much as possible from the

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After the French Mandate ended in 1946, the land was administered by Syria, and represented as such in all maps of the time. The maps of the 1949 armistice agreement between Syria and Israel also designated the area as Syrian.

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rights according to tribal rules for the Naqb (Negev) and Sinai Bedouin. It was defined as an "administrative separating line" for diplomatic reasons, allowing the Ottoman Empire to hold to its nominal sovereignty over Egypt.

530:(DMZs) and remained under Syrian control (marked as DMZs on the map). It was emphasised that the armistice line was "not to be interpreted as having any relation whatsoever to ultimate territorial arrangements." (Article V) 2142:"Letter From the Agent of the Provisional Government of Israel to the President of the United States: May 15, 1948: Harry S. Truman Library & Museum: The Recognition of the State of Israel: Retrieved 30 December 2014" 549:

throughout the Golan Heights, and offered the Druze and Circassian residents citizenship, which most turned down. Today, Israel regards the Golan Heights as its sovereign territory, and a strategic necessity. The

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The purported annexation of East Jerusalem was criticised by Palestinian, Arab and other leaders, and was declared by the United Nations Security Council "a violation of international law" and "null and void" in

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This line is the administrative boundary between Jordan and the territory which came under Israeli military government control in 1967. Any treatment of this line shall be without prejudice to the status of the

976:, rather than a permanent border, and the Armistice Agreements relegated the issue of permanent borders to future negotiations. The area to the west of the Jordan River came to be called the West Bank, and was 2987: 1370:, subsequently reported to his colleagues in London: "There are still important details outstanding, such as the actual terms of the mandate and the question of the boundaries in Palestine. There is the 202:(April 19–26, 1920) the Allied Supreme Council determined that mandates for Palestine and Mesopotamia would be allocated to Britain without precisely defining the boundaries of the mandated territories. 2448:

Agreement between His Majesty's Government and the French Government respecting the Boundary Line between Syria and Palestine from the Mediterranean to El Hámmé, Treaty Series No. 13 (1923), Cmd. 1910.

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with Israel retained 66 square kilometers of that territory in the Jordan Valley that lay west of the 1923 Palestinian Mandate border (marked green on Map 4). These territories were designated

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and Resolution 426 calling for the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Lebanon. Israeli forces withdrew later in 1978, but turned over their positions inside Lebanon to their ally, the

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this important? Because the myth of Palestine's 'first partition' has become part of the concept of 'Greater Israel' and of the ideology of Jabotinsky's Revisionist movement."

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Unlike the other Green Line agreements, it contains no clause disclaiming this line as an international border, and was thereafter treated as it had been previously, as the

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Pappe, p. 3–4. Pappe suggests the French concessions were made to guarantee British support for French aims at the post-war peace conference concerning Germany and Europe.

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Between 1950 and 1967, Israeli and Lebanese surveyors managed to complete 25 non-contiguous kilometers and mark (but not sign) another quarter of the international border.

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Franco-British Convention on Certain Points Connected with the Mandates for Syria and the Lebanon, Palestine and Mesopotamia, signed December 23, 1920. Text available in

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to the Palestinian Liberation Organisation, which had been previously designated by the Arab League as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people".

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Korman, Sharon (2005). The right to conquest: the acquisition of territory by force in international law and practice. Oxford University Press US. pp. 250–260.

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of 1967, Israel captured the West Bank from Jordan, Gaza Strip and Sinai peninsula from Egypt, and Golan Heights from Syria, and placed these territories under

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political science department, suggested that the "Jordan as a Palestinian State" references made by Israeli spokespeople may reflect "the same understanding".

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Gil-Har, Yitzhak (1993), British commitments to the Arabs and their application to the Palestine-Trans-Jordan boundary: The issue of the Semakh triangle,

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entered from the east what had been the Palestinian part of the Palestinian Mandate, while other Arab armies invaded other parts of the territory. The

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Unique to states in the contemporary world, only two of Israel's five potential land borders have the status of internationally recognized boundaries.

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to cover the whole of East Jerusalem and the surrounding area, and applied its laws, jurisdiction, and administration to that territory. In 1980, the

537:(1967), Israel captured the territory as well as the rest of the Golan Heights, and subsequently repelled a Syrian attempt to recapture it during the 190:. They agreed that "Palestine" was to be designated as an "international enclave". This agreement was revised by Britain and France in December 1918; 2846: 2811: 2766: 1995: 2112: 1873:"SECURITY COUNCIL ENDORSES SECRETARY-GENERAL"S CONCLUSION ON ISR"LI WITHDRAWAL FROM LEBANON AS OF 16 JUNE - Meetings Coverage and Press Releases" 922:

into "Independent Arab and Jewish States" and a "Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem" administered by the United Nations. The

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to the League of Nations defining the border of Transjordan and confirming its exclusion from all the provisions dealing with Jewish settlement.

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This article is about the borders of the modern State of Israel. For the ancient Halakhic delineation of the borders of the Land of Israel, see

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of 1979, Egypt renounced all claims to the Gaza Strip. In 1988, Jordan renounced all claims to the West Bank; this was made official in the

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A clearly visible line marks about 80 kilometers (~50 mi) of the international border between Egypt and Israel in this photograph from the

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The armistice line (i.e., "Green Line") was the international border, which corresponds to the 1923 Mandate border between the Lebanon and

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did allow free access to the water sources west of the line to civilians, military and gendarmes from the Ottoman side, as well as full

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Israel and the Palestinian territories now lay entirely within the boundaries of the former territory of Mandatory Palestine. By the

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be removed from Israeli sovereignty and transferred to the Palestinian Authority, in exchange for the border settlement blocs. The

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in 2005. Israel has not made claims to any portion of Gazan territory and offered the entire area to Palestinians as part of the

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Transjordan gained independence from Britain in 1946 within the above borders, prior to the termination of Mandatory Palestine .

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On May 15, regular Arab armies entered what had been Mandate Palestine. This intervention/invasion marked the transition of the

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between Lebanon and Israel. The area east of the Hasbani River is considered part of Syria and included in the Golan Heights.

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territorial integrity, sovereignty and political independence of Lebanon within its internationally recognized boundaries".

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administrations, and subsequently from the failure of the Lebanon and Syria to properly demarcate the border between them.

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marks the boundary between Israel and Syria. Israel's unilateral annexation has not been internationally recognized, and

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by Lebanon to the north, the Golan Heights under Syrian sovereignty as well as the rest of Syria to the northeast, the

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would be part of the British sphere in exchange for British support of French influence in Syria and Lebanon. At the

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countries support Syria's position in the formula which calls on Israel "to return to the 1967 borders". (See 2002

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Map 5: The Blue Line covers the Lebanese–Israeli border; an extension covers the Lebanese–Golan Heights boundary.

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Between March 12–25, 1921, the inclusion of Transjordan in the mandate was formulated by the British Government.

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Biger, Gideon (1989), Geographical and other arguments in delimitation in the boundaries of British Palestine,

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The boundaries of a future Palestinian State, vis-a-vis Israel, are subject to ongoing negotiations in the

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to the southwest. The Israeli border with Egypt is the international border demarcated in 1906 between the

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was drawn in the Ottoman–British agreement of October 1, 1906, after a military crisis earlier that year.

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was transferred from Syria to Palestine early in 1924. In this way the Golan Heights became part of the

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The armistice agreement between Lebanon and Israel was signed on March 23, 1949. The main points were:

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Israel withdrew its forces from 13 villages in Lebanese territory, which were occupied during the war.

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On June 8, 2000, UNIFIL teams commenced the work of verifying the Israeli withdrawal behind the line.

435:, a series of agreements between 1920 and 1923, contained the principles for the boundary between the 226: 3663: 3573: 3416: 3148: 1602:"The Avalon Project: Treaty of Peace Between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan" 1208: 1120: 1047: 996: 969: 957: 759: 682: 634: 523: 519: 452: 436: 342: 334: 183: 172: 116: 2594:

Muhsin, Yusuf (1991), The Zionists and the process of defining the borders of Palestine, 1915–1923,

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Map 8: Israel's 1949 Green Line (green thin line) and demilitarized zones (green thick line/areas)

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Jeremy Pressman, "Mediation, Domestic Politics, and the Israeli-Syrian Negotiations, 1991–2000,"

464: 448: 315: 270:, it was agreed that Transjordan was to be added to the proposed Palestine Mandate, but that the 148: 94: 2113:"Resolution 181 (II). Future government of Palestine: 29 November 1947: Retrieved 22 March 2012" 3623: 3546: 3519: 3394: 3054: 2014:"A Report on the Delimitation of the Turco-Egyptian Boundary, Between the Vilayet of the Hejaz" 1939:

Kaufman, Asher (Autumn 2002). "Who owns the Shebaa Farms? Chronicle of a territorial dispute".

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McTague, John (1982), Anglo-French Negotiations over the Boundaries of Palestine, 1919–1920,

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of 1916 secretly divided the Ottoman Empire lands of Middle East between British and French

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The evolution of the Egypt-Israel boundary: from colonial foundations to peaceful borders

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of 1994. The Green Line is Israel's contested boundary with the Palestinian territories.

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border to determine whether Israel had fully withdrawn from Lebanon in compliance with

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Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel: 14 May 1948: Retrieved 22 March 2012

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as running roughly along the future borders of Israel. Israeli Foreign Minister

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The Blue Line, which the UN had to determine, was the line of deployment of the

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Mandate for Palestine § Transjordan (Article 25 and Transjordan memorandum)

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exist as the result both of past wars and of diplomatic agreements between the

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disputes are rooted in territorial changes that came about as a result of the

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Foundations of British policy in the Arab world: the Cairo Conference of 1921

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identified by the United Nations in 2000 as the border of Lebanon, from the

345:

were concluded. The resulting armistice line is commonly referred to as the

3246: 2352:(1988). "Territorially-based Nationalism and the Politics of Negation". In 1182: 938: 863: 755: 595: 499: 482:, showing the Ottoman boundaries, the 1920 agreement and the 1923 agreement 372: 287: 90: 2255: 1823:"International Boundary Study - Israel-Lebanon Boundary, 15 February 1967" 486:

In 1923, an agreement between the United Kingdom and France, known as the

3313: 3035: 2353: 2225: 1762: 1148: 1140: 1055: 985: 879: 602:(see Map 5). In response to the invasion, the UN Security Council passed 567: 534: 470: 361: 330: 176: 54: 1996:"Israel ready to make greater territory demands in Lebanon border talks" 1073:

claims all of these territories (including East Jerusalem) for a future

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The Missing Peace - The Inside Story of the Fight for Middle East Peace

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Blaming the Victims: Spurious Scholarship and the Palestinian Question

1887: 899:

David Ben-Gurion proclaiming independence beneath a large portrait of

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consequence, the Lebanese landowners were no longer able to farm it.

766:

belief that the uncertainty was sure to cause trouble in the future.

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under Israeli law. According to the Israeli rights organisation,

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The status and boundary of Jerusalem continue to be in dispute.

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United States recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel

1128: 1077:, and its position is supported by the Arab League in the 2002 745: 384: 128: 62: 49: 1457: 613:

The United Nations in June 2000 was called upon to decide the

2601:

US Department of State, International Boundary Study series:

2393:הציונות: מאסף לתולדות התנועה הציונית והישוב היהודי בארץ־ישראל 2078:. Durham: International Boundaries Research Unit. p. 7. 1481: 854: 813:

Map 7: Map showing Turco-Egyptian Boundary of October 1, 1906

136: 74: 58: 1514: 1512: 1506:. Ed. Avraham Sela. New York: Continuum, 2002. pp. 583–584. 518:

allocated this territory to the Jewish state. Following the

408: 2536:(1998). "History and Peace: Revisiting two Zionist myths". 2407:(1980). "Delimitation of the eastern border of Palestine". 2274:"What's the Difference Between An Embassy and a Consulate?" 1743:. Vol. 2, Part 2. Government of Palestine. p. 10. 582: 195: 2202:. United Nations Radio. September 23, 2011. Archived from 1702:"CAABU :: The Council for Arab-British Understanding" 1139:

in which most of the holy places are located). During the

541:(1973). Israel annexed the Golan Heights in 1981 with the 16:

Political boundaries between Israel and neighboring states

1509: 1382: 1000:

were declared to be temporary and not permanent borders.

151:, and confirmed in the 1994 Israel–Jordan peace treaty. 2624:

Israel and Palestine: Why They Fight and Can They Stop?

2100:

The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East

1785:"THE GOLAN HEIGHTS ANNEXED BY ISRAEL IN AN ABRUPT MOVE" 1504:

The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East

1340:, I. B. Tauris; New Ed edition (August 15, 1994), p. 3. 1325:

The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East

2200:"Palestinian Authority applies for full UN membership" 1934: 1932: 1930: 1721:, (2004), by Gideon Biger. Publisher Rutledge Curzon. 1406: 995:

On September 22, 1948, during a truce in the war, the

2520:

Gardus, Yehuda; Shmueli, Avshalom, eds. (1978–1979).

1577:

The Palestine Yearbook of International Law 1987-1988

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it was agreed that Palestine and the Vilayet of Mosul

1469: 2102:. Ed. Sela. New York: Continuum, 2002. pp. 58–121. 1927: 1752: 1750: 1327:. Ed. Sela. New York: Continuum, 2002. pp. 444-474 937:, declared "the establishment of a Jewish state in 2361: 2304: 2174:"Area of Jurisdiction and Powers Ordinance (1948)" 1338:The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1947–1951 447:, attributed to Great Britain, and the Mandate of 2596:Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies 1920:" 1:200,000 sheet NI36-XII available in the U.S. 1296:. In Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan (ed.). 1065:that the Arab-Israeli border region known as the 789: 740: 498:. The border was drawn so that both sides of the 3736: 2046:"The Egypt-Palestine/Israel boundary: 1841-1992" 2043: 1747: 1653: 1651: 1554:"U.S. PEACE PLAN IN JEOPARDY; Internal Tensions" 403: 1847:"International Boundary Study - Numerical List" 1282: 694:dictated exclusively by military considerations 349:, and was expressly declared to be a temporary 108:) remain internationally defined as contested. 1573: 1548: 1546: 845:, and gave Britain complete control over both 556:United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 3062: 2657: 2498:The Boundaries of Modern Palestine, 1840-1947 2456:The Boundaries of Modern Palestine, 1840–1947 2192: 1812:16, no. 3 (July–September 2007), pp. 350–381. 1719:The boundaries of modern Palestine, 1840–1947 1648: 1637: 1635: 1594: 1424: 566:retained under the 1949 armistice agreement. 2490:The encyclopedia of international boundaries 1580:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 247. 1431:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 16–. 1016:to Palestine and renounced its claim to the 758:resulted in part from the failure of French 509: 2620: 1879: 1543: 1463: 1241: 3069: 3055: 2664: 2650: 2348: 1632: 1490: 1418: 954:1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine 2532: 2228:. December 2, 2009 – via bbc.co.uk. 1569: 1567: 1451: 914:adopted Resolution 181 (II) recommending 890: 885: 409:French Mandate: Paulet–Newcombe Agreement 2396:. וניברסיטת תל-אביב, הוצאת הכבוץ המיוחד. 1888:"Understanding the Sheeba Farms dispute" 1738: 1300:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 252–. 1107: 943: 894: 816: 808: 796:Israeli–Lebanese maritime border dispute 744: 581: 469: 412: 158: 36:-derived boundary map of Israel and the 27: 2563: 2310: 2298:Proclamation 9683 of December 6, 2017, 2292: 1938: 1885: 1783:Shipler, David K. (December 15, 1981). 1782: 1670: 1412: 1400: 1388: 1012:without specifying its borders. Jordan 3737: 2034:Gardus and Shmueli (1979), pp. 369–370 1963: 1564: 1375:Weizmann on the Future of Palestine', 1288: 1143:of 1967, Israel gained control of the 1097: 306:to professor of modern Jewish history 258:In March 1921, the Colonial Secretary 171:influence and control proposed in the 3760:Politics of the Arab–Israeli conflict 3050: 2645: 2522:The Land of the Negev (English title) 2514:American Journal of International Law 2452: 2073: 2028: 1643:American Journal of International Law 1622:"Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty--Annex I" 1475: 205: 1610:. Yale Law School. October 26, 1994. 1608:"Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty Annex I" 1003: 849:gulfs—Suez and Aqaba, including the 804: 474:Map 4: Borders in the region of the 329:On May 15, 1948, the Transjordanian 3076: 2671: 2591:, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 101–112. 2311:Morello, Carol (December 8, 2017). 2037: 2000:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com 1317: 590:On March 14, 1978, Israel launched 577: 154: 13: 3237:National parks and nature reserves 1425:Philip Robins (February 9, 2004). 1204:2011 Israeli border demonstrations 621:. This line came to be called the 619:UN Security Council Resolution 425 594:, occupying the area south of the 301:Historian and political scientist 278:would not apply to the territory. 210: 14: 3776: 3730: 2598:, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 18–39. 2560:, Vol.29, No.4, pp. 690–701. 2226:"Jerusalem residency losses rise" 1964:Nasser, Cilina (April 25, 2005). 1294:"Borders and Conflict Resolution" 644:From May 24 to June 7, 2000, the 3030: 3021: 3020: 2516:, Vol. 16, No. 3, 1922, 122–126. 1645:, Vol. 16, No. 3, 1922, 122–126. 1044:Israel–Palestinian peace process 980:in 1950; and the Gaza Strip was 714:international border of Lebanon. 692:The terms of the agreement were 660: 266:and following a discussion with 238: 225: 2388:קביעת הגבול המזרחי של ארץ ישראל 2342: 2266: 2248: 2232: 2218: 2166: 2134: 2123: 2105: 2098:Sela. "Arab–Israeli Conflict." 2092: 2067: 2053:: Dissertations and Theses. 695 2006: 1988: 1957: 1910: 1865: 1839: 1815: 1802: 1776: 1732: 1712: 1694: 1614: 1525: 1496: 1379:, Saturday, May 8, 1920; p. 15. 1261: 1251: 1231: 1112:Map 9: Jerusalem municipal area 1050:, which encompasses almost all 916:the adoption and implementation 321: 71:1994 Israel–Jordan peace treaty 3755:Historical geography of Israel 2988:British Indian Ocean Territory 1361: 1352: 1343: 1330: 1221: 790:Israel—Lebanon maritime border 741:Conflict over the Shebaa Farms 67:1979 Egypt–Israel peace treaty 1: 2621:Wasserstein, Bernard (2008). 2256:"Foreign Embassies in Israel" 1298:A Companion to Border Studies 1275: 1037:Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace 404:Border with Syria and Lebanon 337:was brought to an end by the 3154:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2589:Journal of Palestine Studies 1574:Anis F. Kassim, ed. (1988). 149:1922 Trans-Jordan memorandum 38:Israeli-occupied territories 7: 3750:Foreign relations of Israel 3489:Water supply and sanitation 2051:University of Northern Iowa 1197: 1123:, Israel was in control of 962:Lausanne Conference of 1949 924:Jewish Agency for Palestine 920:plan to partition Palestine 823:International Space Station 677:, closely approximates the 339:Lausanne Conference of 1949 274:objective for the proposed 10: 3781: 3166:Iran–Israel proxy conflict 2492:, New York: Facts on File. 1663:September 9, 2008, at the 1101: 910:On November 29, 1947, the 793: 369:Israel–Jordan peace treaty 214: 173:1916 Sykes–Picot Agreement 77:(via the Israeli-occupied 18: 3691: 3609: 3510: 3501: 3434: 3425: 3348: 3275: 3266: 3195: 3186: 3088: 3016: 2975: 2935: 2677: 2550:10.1080/13537129808719501 2419:10.1080/13531048108575800 2044:Abu-Rass, Thabit (1992). 1323:Sela, Avraham. "Israel." 1209:Baraita of the Boundaries 1033:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 1010:declared its independence 997:Provisional State Council 970:1949 Armistice Agreements 968:, was agreed upon in the 876:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 524:1949 Armistice Agreements 510:Syria: subsequent changes 488:Paulet–Newcombe Agreement 433:Paulet–Newcombe Agreement 425:Paulet–Newcombe Agreement 358:annexed by Jordan in 1950 343:1949 Armistice Agreements 117:1949 Armistice Agreements 73:, while its borders with 2737:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 2392: 2387: 1892:Palestine-Israel Journal 1741:Census of Palestine 1931 1667:Also Louis, 1969, p. 90. 1626:jewishvirtuallibrary.org 1214: 683:1949 armistice agreement 545:. Israel began building 496:French Mandate for Syria 455:, attributed to France. 131:to the east, and by the 3474:Tel Aviv Stock Exchange 2998:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 2573:. Johns Hopkins Press. 1886:Kaufman, Asher (2004). 1533:"Address to the Nation" 833:and British controlled 465:French Mandate of Syria 385:Emek Ha'arva/Wadi Araba 316:Northwestern University 97:(Israeli-occupied land 95:Palestinian territories 40:(2007, updated to 2018) 3464:Science and technology 3368:Intelligence Community 2558:Middle Eastern Studies 2495:Biger, Gideon (2005), 2488:Biger, Gideon (1995), 2453:Biger, Gideon (2004). 1835:on September 16, 2006. 1690:on September 16, 2006. 1135:(including the walled 1113: 1088:2000 Camp David Summit 949: 907: 891:End of British Mandate 886:Borders with Palestine 826: 814: 750: 604:Council Resolution 425 587: 558:refers to the area as 516:1947 UN Partition Plan 483: 428: 399: 296:presented a memorandum 179: 133:Palestinian Gaza Strip 41: 3765:International borders 3390:Israel Defense Forces 3149:Arab–Israeli conflict 2501:. London: Routledge. 2399:available in pdf here 2384:Alsberg, Paul Avraham 2074:Kliot, Nurit (1995). 1951:Middle East Institute 1853:on September 24, 2008 1372:boundary delimitation 1189:. Secretary of State 1178:On December 6, 2017, 1121:1948 Arab–Israeli War 1111: 1079:Arab Peace Initiative 1071:Palestinian Authority 958:1948 Arab–Israeli War 947: 898: 829:A border between the 820: 812: 748: 635:1948 Arab–Israeli War 585: 572:Arab Peace Initiative 520:1948 Arab–Israeli War 502:and the whole of the 492:Mandate for Palestine 473: 416: 394: 335:1948 Arab–Israeli War 184:Sykes–Picot Agreement 162: 125:Palestinian West Bank 55:1967 Arab–Israeli War 31: 3679:World Heritage Sites 3336:System of government 3103:Second Temple period 2912:United Arab Emirates 2358:Christopher Hitchens 2280:on December 10, 2016 1924:and French archives. 1358:Biger, 2005, p. 173. 1014:extended recognition 903:, founder of modern 417:Map 3: Article from 314:, then chair of the 272:Jewish National Home 188:spheres of influence 91:Shebaa Farms dispute 2939:limited recognition 2526:Ministry of Defense 2405:Alsberg, Avraham P. 2350:Abu-Lughod, Ibrahim 2206:on October 12, 2017 1966:"The key to Shebaa" 1942:Middle East Journal 1922:Library of Congress 1493:, pp. 197–199. 1428:A History of Jordan 1161:permanent residents 1104:Status of Jerusalem 1098:Status of Jerusalem 1084:Israel's withdrawal 1052:Israeli settlements 1008:In 1988, Palestine 990:military occupation 933:, in a ceremony in 912:UN General Assembly 853:. At the time, the 749:Map 6: Shebaa Farms 528:demilitarized zones 308:Bernard Wasserstein 200:San Remo Conference 115:agreed upon in the 3591:Standard of living 2154:on January 4, 2019 1976:on August 13, 2006 1789:The New York Times 1641:Text available in 1558:The New York Times 1537:kinghussein.gov.jo 1466:, p. 105–106. 1391:, p. 115–125. 1292:(March 28, 2012). 1131:was in control of 1114: 1026:State of Palestine 950: 908: 835:Khedivate of Egypt 827: 815: 751: 608:South Lebanon Army 588: 484: 429: 356:The West Bank was 312:Ibrahim Abu-Lughod 281:In July 1922, the 206:Border with Jordan 180: 106:State of Palestine 99:largely recognized 42: 3745:Borders of Israel 3727: 3726: 3687: 3686: 3497: 3496: 3417:West Bank barrier 3344: 3343: 3297:Foreign relations 3262: 3261: 3044: 3043: 2981:other territories 2634:978-1-84668-092-2 2627:. Profile Books. 2565:Klieman, Aaron S. 2485:, pp. 41–61. 2466:978-1-135-76652-8 2375:978-1-85984-340-6 2244:978-0-19-828007-1 1739:E. Mills (1933). 1727:978-0-7146-5654-0 1560:. August 1, 1988. 1438:978-0-521-59895-8 1307:978-1-118-25525-4 1075:Palestinian State 1060:Avigdor Lieberman 1004:Subsequent events 982:occupied by Egypt 978:annexed by Jordan 929:On May 14, 1948, 805:Border with Egypt 730:Secretary-General 671:Mediterranean Sea 651:Secretary-General 543:Golan Heights Law 283:League of Nations 276:Palestine Mandate 260:Winston Churchill 111:According to the 46:borders of Israel 3772: 3707: 3700: 3659:National symbols 3508: 3507: 3454:Diamond industry 3432: 3431: 3273: 3272: 3193: 3192: 3071: 3064: 3057: 3048: 3047: 3034: 3024: 3023: 2993:Christmas Island 2679:Sovereign states 2666: 2659: 2652: 2643: 2642: 2638: 2584: 2553: 2529: 2470: 2442: 2436: 2432: 2430: 2422: 2397: 2379: 2367: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2308: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2276:. Archived from 2270: 2264: 2263: 2252: 2246: 2236: 2230: 2229: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2196: 2190: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2180:on June 22, 2013 2176:. 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article: 212: 209: 207: 204: 194:in modern-day 156: 153: 145:Ottoman Empire 141:United Kingdom 34:United Nations 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3777: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3711: 3706: 3702: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3690: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3608: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3566: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3553: 3550: 3549: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3522: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3500: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3424: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3391: 3388: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3370: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3363:Civil defense 3361: 3359: 3356: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3347: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3316: 3315: 3312: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3286: 3283: 3282: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3265: 3255: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3217: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3185: 3177: 3174: 3173: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3160: 3159:Peace process 3157: 3155: 3152: 3151: 3150: 3147: 3143: 3140: 3139: 3138: 3135: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3126: 3123: 3119: 3116: 3115: 3114: 3113:Ottoman Syria 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3072: 3067: 3065: 3060: 3058: 3053: 3052: 3049: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3027: 3019: 3018: 3015: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2985: 2983: 2978: 2974: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2962:South Ossetia 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2934: 2928: 2925: 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Routledge. 2458: 2457: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2440: 2428: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2411: 2406: 2402: 2401: 2400: 2395: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2371: 2366: 2365: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2346: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2307: 2301: 2295: 2279: 2275: 2269: 2261: 2260:science.co.il 2257: 2251: 2245: 2241: 2235: 2227: 2221: 2205: 2201: 2195: 2179: 2175: 2169: 2150: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2126: 2118: 2114: 2108: 2101: 2095: 2087: 2085:1-897643-17-9 2081: 2077: 2070: 2054: 2052: 2047: 2040: 2031: 2015: 2009: 2001: 1997: 1991: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1960: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1943: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1923: 1919: 1913: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1882: 1874: 1868: 1852: 1848: 1842: 1831: 1824: 1818: 1811: 1805: 1790: 1786: 1779: 1772: 1771:0-374-52980-9 1768: 1764: 1760: 1759: 1753: 1751: 1742: 1735: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1707: 1703: 1697: 1686: 1679: 1673: 1666: 1662: 1659: 1654: 1652: 1644: 1638: 1636: 1627: 1623: 1617: 1609: 1603: 1597: 1589: 1583: 1579: 1578: 1570: 1568: 1559: 1555: 1549: 1547: 1538: 1534: 1528: 1521: 1515: 1513: 1505: 1499: 1492: 1487: 1485: 1477: 1472: 1465: 1460: 1453: 1448: 1440: 1434: 1430: 1429: 1421: 1414: 1409: 1402: 1397: 1390: 1385: 1378: 1373: 1369: 1364: 1355: 1346: 1339: 1336:Pappe, Ilan. 1333: 1326: 1320: 1313: 1309: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1290:Newman, David 1285: 1281: 1264: 1254: 1244: 1234: 1224: 1220: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1201: 1195: 1192: 1191:Rex Tillerson 1188: 1184: 1181: 1176: 1174: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1157:Jerusalem Law 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1117: 1110: 1105: 1095: 1094:territories. 1091: 1089: 1085: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1001: 998: 993: 991: 987: 984:. During the 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 946: 942: 940: 936: 932: 927: 925: 921: 917: 913: 906: 902: 901:Theodor Herzl 897: 883: 881: 877: 872: 868: 865: 860: 859:Hejaz railway 856: 852: 848: 844: 838: 836: 832: 824: 819: 811: 802: 797: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 761: 757: 747: 738: 735: 731: 726: 723: 716: 713: 709: 706: 702: 698: 695: 691: 690: 689: 686: 684: 680: 676: 675:Hasbani River 672: 668: 661:The Blue Line 658: 655: 652: 647: 642: 638: 636: 631: 626: 624: 620: 616: 611: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 584: 575: 573: 569: 563: 561: 557: 553: 548: 544: 540: 536: 531: 529: 525: 521: 517: 507: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 481: 480:Golan Heights 477: 472: 468: 466: 462: 456: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 426: 422: 421: 415: 401: 398: 393: 390: 389:Gulf of Aqaba 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 365: 363: 359: 354: 352: 348: 344: 341:at which the 340: 336: 332: 327: 319: 317: 313: 309: 304: 299: 297: 293: 289: 284: 279: 277: 273: 269: 268:Emir Abdullah 265: 261: 241: 228: 218: 203: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 178: 174: 170: 166: 161: 152: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 109: 107: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 79:Golan Heights 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 51: 47: 39: 35: 30: 26: 22: 3624:Architecture 3547:Human rights 3520:Demographics 3395:Conscription 3247:Jordan River 3199: 3142:Independence 2977:Dependencies 2907:Turkmenistan 2872:Saudi Arabia 2771: 2623: 2611:Jordan-Syria 2595: 2588: 2569: 2557: 2541: 2537: 2521: 2513: 2496: 2489: 2474: 2455: 2409: 2363: 2343:Bibliography 2328:. Retrieved 2316: 2306: 2294: 2282:. Retrieved 2278:the original 2268: 2259: 2250: 2234: 2220: 2208:. Retrieved 2204:the original 2194: 2182:. Retrieved 2178:the original 2168: 2158:December 30, 2156:. Retrieved 2149:the original 2136: 2125: 2117:the original 2107: 2099: 2094: 2075: 2069: 2057:. Retrieved 2049: 2039: 2030: 2018:. Retrieved 2008: 1999: 1990: 1978:. Retrieved 1974:the original 1959: 1946: 1940: 1912: 1900:. Retrieved 1895: 1891: 1881: 1867: 1855:. Retrieved 1851:the original 1841: 1830:the original 1817: 1809: 1804: 1792:. Retrieved 1788: 1778: 1773:. pp 584-585 1756: 1740: 1734: 1718: 1714: 1706:the original 1696: 1685:the original 1672: 1642: 1625: 1616: 1596: 1576: 1557: 1536: 1527: 1520:Act of Union 1519: 1503: 1502:"Mandates." 1498: 1471: 1459: 1447: 1427: 1420: 1413:Klieman 1970 1408: 1401:Klieman 1970 1396: 1389:Klieman 1970 1384: 1376: 1363: 1354: 1345: 1337: 1332: 1324: 1319: 1311: 1297: 1284: 1263: 1253: 1243: 1233: 1223: 1183:Donald Trump 1180:US President 1177: 1169: 1118: 1115: 1092: 1041: 1030: 1022: 1007: 994: 951: 939:Eretz-Israel 928: 915: 909: 873: 869: 864:transhumance 839: 828: 799: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 756:Shebaa Farms 752: 727: 724: 720: 693: 687: 664: 656: 643: 639: 627: 612: 598:, excepting 596:Litani River 589: 564: 532: 513: 500:Jordan River 485: 457: 430: 418: 400: 395: 366: 355: 328: 325: 322:Independence 300: 288:Jordan River 280: 257: 181: 119:, Israel is 110: 102: 45: 43: 25: 3674:Visual arts 3619:Archaeology 3439:Agriculture 3108:Middle Ages 3036:Asia portal 2937:States with 2857:Philippines 2797:South Korea 2792:North Korea 2687:Afghanistan 2603:Iraq-Jordan 2528:Publishing. 2354:Edward Said 2330:December 9, 2300:82 FR 58331 2184:January 27, 2059:February 4, 1763:Dennis Ross 1761:(2004), by 1155:passed the 1149:city limits 1141:Six-Day War 1056:Ehud Olmert 1046:. Israel's 986:Six-Day War 552:Purple Line 547:settlements 535:Six-Day War 533:During the 445:Mesopotamia 362:Six-Day War 331:Arab Legion 292:Transjordan 177:World War I 44:The modern 3739:Categories 3639:Literature 3542:Healthcare 3358:Censorship 3319:Basic Laws 3118:Old Yishuv 2917:Uzbekistan 2892:Tajikistan 2807:Kyrgyzstan 2787:Kazakhstan 2707:Bangladesh 2697:Azerbaijan 2607:Iraq-Syria 1970:Al Jazeera 1953:: 576–596. 1587:9041103414 1476:Biger 2004 1276:References 966:Green Line 843:Suez Canal 679:Green Line 397:territory. 347:Green Line 121:demarcated 113:Green Line 93:) and the 65:since the 3564:Languages 3537:Education 3484:Transport 3449:Companies 3400:Structure 3331:President 3324:Judiciary 3292:Elections 3210:Districts 3188:Geography 3098:Antiquity 3003:Hong Kong 2957:Palestine 2882:Sri Lanka 2877:Singapore 2757:Indonesia 2437:ignored ( 2427:cite book 2386:(1973). 2368:. Verso. 2325:0190-8286 2210:March 27, 1678:"FSU Law" 1377:The Times 1145:West Bank 1018:West Bank 956:into the 754:over the 701:Palestine 667:Blue Line 623:Blue Line 441:Palestine 420:The Times 264:Jerusalem 87:Blue Line 85:(via the 3714:Category 3601:Feminism 3586:Religion 3469:Taxation 3383:Shin Bet 3350:Security 3268:Politics 3254:Wildlife 3220:Dead Sea 3171:Timeline 3082:articles 3026:Category 2947:Abkhazia 2897:Thailand 2852:Pakistan 2832:Mongolia 2827:Maldives 2822:Malaysia 2722:Cambodia 2567:(1970). 1980:July 23, 1918:Beyrouth 1902:July 22, 1794:June 10, 1661:Archived 1198:See also 1137:Old City 1067:Triangle 1063:proposed 935:Tel Aviv 615:Lebanese 494:and the 451:and the 437:Mandates 387:and the 381:Dead Sea 262:visited 143:and the 69:and the 3698:Outline 3649:Museums 3634:Cuisine 3611:Culture 3559:Kibbutz 3503:Society 3479:Tourism 3444:Banking 3427:Economy 3307:Parties 3302:Knesset 3280:Cabinet 3200:Borders 3176:by year 3125:Zionism 3090:History 2922:Vietnam 2837:Myanmar 2817:Lebanon 2747:Georgia 2702:Bahrain 2692:Armenia 2410:Zionism 2360:(ed.). 2284:May 31, 2020:June 1, 1857:June 1, 1522:, 1950. 1518:In the 1165:Hamoked 1153:Knesset 905:Zionism 847:Red Sea 760:Mandate 712:de jure 673:to the 610:(SLA). 453:Lebanon 175:during 169:British 103:de jure 83:Lebanon 32:Map 1: 3719:Portal 3629:Cinema 3581:Racism 3574:Arabic 3569:Hebrew 3530:People 3525:Aliyah 3459:Energy 3407:Police 3378:Mossad 3242:Rivers 3205:Cities 3130:Yishuv 3080: 3078:Israel 2967:Taiwan 2902:Turkey 2867:Russia 2802:Kuwait 2782:Jordan 2772:Israel 2732:Cyprus 2717:Brunei 2712:Bhutan 2631: 2577: 2505: 2481: 2463: 2372: 2323: 2242: 2082: 1769: 1725: 1584: 1435: 1304: 1129:Jordan 1127:while 703:(see: 383:, the 379:, the 373:Jordan 165:French 129:Jordan 89:; see 63:Jordan 3705:Index 3669:Sport 3654:Music 3644:Media 3596:Women 3515:Crime 3215:Lakes 3008:Macau 2927:Yemen 2887:Syria 2862:Qatar 2842:Nepal 2777:Japan 2752:India 2742:Egypt 2727:China 2152:(PDF) 2145:(PDF) 1949:(4). 1833:(PDF) 1826:(PDF) 1688:(PDF) 1681:(PDF) 1215:Notes 918:of a 855:Aqaba 449:Syria 137:Egypt 75:Syria 59:Egypt 3552:LGBT 3412:Wars 3373:Aman 2847:Oman 2812:Laos 2767:Iraq 2762:Iran 2629:ISBN 2575:ISBN 2503:ISBN 2479:ISBN 2461:ISBN 2439:help 2370:ISBN 2356:and 2332:2017 2321:ISSN 2286:2012 2240:ISBN 2212:2015 2186:2014 2160:2014 2080:ISBN 2061:2024 2022:2020 1982:2006 1904:2006 1859:2020 1796:2022 1767:ISBN 1723:ISBN 1582:ISBN 1433:ISBN 1302:ISBN 880:Taba 874:The 665:The 600:Tyre 568:Arab 514:The 478:and 443:and 431:The 375:and 367:The 196:Iraq 182:The 167:and 135:and 127:and 61:and 3314:Law 2979:and 2546:doi 2415:doi 1898:(1) 630:IDF 461:Dan 439:of 81:), 3741:: 2613:, 2609:, 2605:, 2540:. 2475:in 2431:: 2429:}} 2425:{{ 2319:. 2315:. 2258:. 2048:. 1998:. 1968:. 1947:56 1945:. 1929:^ 1896:11 1894:. 1890:. 1787:. 1765:. 1749:^ 1650:^ 1634:^ 1624:. 1566:^ 1556:. 1545:^ 1535:. 1511:^ 1483:^ 1310:. 1090:. 992:. 707:). 637:. 574:) 562:. 3070:e 3063:t 3056:v 2665:e 2658:t 2651:v 2637:. 2617:. 2583:. 2552:. 2548:: 2542:5 2509:. 2469:. 2441:) 2421:. 2417:: 2378:. 2334:. 2288:. 2262:. 2214:. 2188:. 2162:. 2088:. 2063:. 2024:. 2002:. 1984:. 1916:" 1906:. 1875:. 1861:. 1798:. 1729:. 1628:. 1604:. 1590:. 1539:. 1454:. 1441:. 696:. 427:. 23:.

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