Palestinian political violence

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attacks against Israeli military targets and settlers in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Support crossed all party lines and groups, and was highest among the Islamic opposition (91% and 84%) and the leftists (90% and 89%), though a significant majority of those who supported the peace process also supported armed attacks on military targets and settlers (69% and 73%). To explain the apparent paradox in the latter position, Abusada quotes Shikaki (1996) who "contends that Palestinian support for the use of armed attacks against Israeli military targets and settlers does not indicate 'opposition to the peace process but Palestinian insistence that the process entails an end to occupation and settlements.'" Palestinian support for armed attacks against Israeli civilian targets in Israel was 20% overall, with support being highest among those affiliated with the Islamic opposition (42%) and the leftists (32%), and lowest among supporters of the peace process (12%) and the National Independents (10%).

817: 1223: 1563:"The illegality of the settlements has no effect at all on the status of their civilian residents. The settlers constitute a distinctly civilian population, which is entitled to all the protections granted civilians by international law. The Israeli security forces' use of land in the settlements or the membership of some settlers in the Israeli security forces does not affect the status of the other residents living among them, and certainly does not make them proper targets of attack. B'Tselem strongly opposes the attempts to justify attacks against Israeli civilians by using distorted interpretations of international law. Furthermore, B'Tselem demands that the Palestinian Authority do everything within its power to prevent future attacks and to prosecute the individuals involved in past attacks." 1197:, Palestinian militant groups fired rockets aimed at civilian targets which struck the cities of Ashdod, Beersheba and Gedera. The military wing of Hamas said that after a week from the start, it had managed to fire 302 rockets, at an average of 44 rockets daily. 102 rockets and 35 mortars were fired by Fatah at Israel. Over 750 rockets and mortars were fired from Gaza into Israel during the conflict wounded 182 civilians, killing 3 people, and causing minor suffering to another 584 people suffering from shock and anxiety. Several rockets landed in schools and one fell close to a kindergarten, all located in residential areas. The UN fact finding mission stated that this constituted a deliberate attack against the civilian population and was unjustifiable in international law. 244: 1393: 1579: 513:

5,000 'infiltrators' were killed by the IDF, police, and civilians along Israel's borders between 1949 and 1956. Most of the people in question were refugees attempting to return to their homes, take back possessions that had been left behind during the war and to gather crops from their former fields and orchards inside the new Israeli state. Meron Benivasti states that the fact that the "infiltrators" were for the most part former inhabitants of the land returning for personal, economic and sentimental reasons was suppressed in Israel as it was feared that this may lead to an understanding of their motives and to the justification of their actions.

1086: 34: 1883: 3095: 3558: 208: 3632: 587:, the Palestinian leadership came to the conclusion that the Arab world was unable to challenge Israel militarily in open warfare. Simultaneously, the Palestinians drew lessons from movements and uprisings in Latin America, North Africa and Southeast Asia which led them to move away from guerilla warfare in rural areas towards terrorist attacks in urban environments with an international reach. This led to a series of aircraft hijackings, bombings and kidnappings which culminated in the 3245: 3070: 900: 252: 1520: 1831:, in which 20 Israelis were killed, concluded that 75 percent of Palestinians supported the attack, with support higher "in the Gaza Strip (82%) compared to the West Bank (70%), in refugee camps (84%) compared to towns and villages (69%), among women (79%) compared to men (71%), among the young (78%) compared to the old (66%), among students (81%) compared to professionals (33%), and among supporters of Hamas (92%) compared to supporters of Fateh (69%)". 960: 3844: 3195: 1814:

factions to armed operations against Israeli targets in Gaza and Jericho?" Overall, 56% of respondents responded negatively. Those affiliated with leftist groups showed the highest levels of support for armed attacks against Israelis (74%), while those affiliated with parties supporting the peace process showed the lowest levels (24%). The Islamic opposition was split, with slightly over half in favor, and slightly less than half opposed.

3546: 3719: 3582: 746: 2997: 3769: 3534: 3485: 3398: 3331: 3460: 3448: 3307: 3220: 3047: 22: 3356: 3894: 3869: 3819: 3794: 3744: 3570: 3319: 3170: 3145: 3120: 1458:: "Palestinian armed groups have repeatedly shown total disregard for the most fundamental human rights, notably the right to life, by deliberately targeting Israeli civilians and by using Palestinian children in armed attacks. Children are susceptible to recruitment by manipulation or may be driven to join armed groups for a variety of reasons, including a desire to avenge relatives or friends killed by the Israeli army." 3919: 3682: 3657: 3607: 3510: 3423: 3707: 3522: 3295: 3270: 7918: 1785:"Civil liberties declined due to: shooting deaths of Palestinian civilians by Palestinian security personnel; the summary trial and executions of alleged collaborators by the Palestinian Authority (PA); extrajudicial killings of suspected collaborators by militias; and the apparent official encouragement of Palestinian youth to confront Israeli soldiers, thus placing them directly in harm's way." 2791: 625:. Based in the Jordanian refugee camps, the fedayeen developed a virtual state within a state, receiving funds and arms from both the Arab states and Eastern Europe and openly flouting the law of the country. The guerrillas initially focused on attacking Israel, but by late 1968, the main fedayeen activities in Jordan appeared to shift to attempts to overthrow the Jordanian monarchy. 595: 1899:, in which a Palestinian gunman killed eight students and wounded eleven in a Jerusalem school. Support for the attack was 91 percent in the Gaza Strip compared to 79 percent in the West Bank. Similar suicide attacks in 2005 had been less widely supported, with 29% support for a suicide attack that took place in Tel Aviv, and 37% support for another one in Beersheba. 1850:, a Palestinian organization, showing trends based on polls conducted since 1997, indicated that Palestinian support for military operations against Israeli targets stood at 34–40 percent in 1997–1999, climbed to 65–85 percent in 2000–2004, and dropped back to 41 percent at the end of 2004. "Military operations" were defined as including shootings, 1546:"According to this principle, civilians are to be protected from the consequences of warfare, and any attack must discriminate between civilians and military targets. This principle is part of international customary law; as such, it applies to every state, organization, and person, even those who are not party to any relevant convention." 1272:, saying: "The camouflage of the terrorists is the civil population. Therefore, we need to separate them. So those who want to save their life, please go south. We are going to destroy Hamas infrastructures, Hamas headquarters, Hamas military establishment, and take these phenomena out of Gaza and out of the Earth." 1826:

A July 2001 poll conducted by the Palestinian Center for Policy & Survey Research (PSR) found that 58 percent of Palestinians supported armed attacks against Israeli civilians inside Israel and 92 percent supported armed confrontations against the Israeli army in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.

1742:(1987 – 1993.) It encompasses the practice of throwing stones by hand and using powerful slings variously aimed at Israel security personnel, Israeli civilians, and at both civilian and military vehicles. It has resulted in the death of both Israelis and Arabs unknowingly targeted by stone-throwers. 1677:, a system to intercept short-range rockets, was developed by Israel and first deployed in the spring of 2011 to protect Beersheba and Ashkelon, but officials and experts warned that it would not be completely effective. Shortly thereafter, it intercepted a Palestinian Grad rocket for the first time. 1291:

wrote in the Jerusalem Post that Mahmoud Abbas and his chief negotiator Saeb Erekat deny Israel's right to exist and promote vicious hatred against Jews, in statements made in Arabic. He claimed that the state-controlled Palestinian media praised the murders committed by Palestinians. Abbas al-Sayed

1813:

explored attitudes towards the use of political violence. Four questions were posed on the subject of political violence to over a thousand respondents randomly selected from localities in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The first question was: "Do you support the continuing resort of some Palestinian

1364:

both planned official ceremonies and PA president Abbas attended a ceremony at his Muqataa compound. Prisoners Affairs Minister Qaraqi called on Palestinians for a day of celebration. The rally in honor of the dead will be attended by PA President Mahmoud Abbas, PLO leaders, and families of the dead

741:

militias, and the side seeking change, which included a variety of militias from leftist organizations and guerrillas from rejectionist Palestinian (nonmainstream PLO) organizations. The Lebanese civil war lasted until 1990 and resulted in an estimated 130,000 to 250,000 civilian fatalities and one

1890:

A March 2008 report by Palestinian Center for Policy & Survey Research (PSR) noted that the level of support for armed attack against Israeli civilians inside Israel increased significantly with 67% supporting and 31% opposed, compared to support by 40% in 2005 and 55% in 2006. A February 2008

1770:

For over a decade the PA has violated Palestinian human rights and civil liberties by routinely killing civilians—including collaborators, demonstrators, journalists, and others—without charge or fair trial. Of the total number of Palestinian civilians killed during this period by both Israeli and

1335:

After Israel agreed to hand over the bodies of dead Palestinian suicide bombers and other militants as part of what the Israeli Government described as 'a humanitarian gesture' to PA chairman Mahmoud Abbas to help the peace process, the Palestinian Authority planned a national rally to honour them

4523:

In accordance with the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law, it has frozen the assets of a total of 472 terrorists and terrorist organizations, including Al-Qaeda and Taliban members, such as Usama bin Laden and Mullah Mohammed Omar, as well as those of Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Al-Aqsa

512:

Around 400 Palestinian "infiltrators" were killed by Israeli Security Forces each year in 1951, 1952 and 1953; a similar number and probably far more were killed in 1950. 1,000 or more were killed in 1949. At least 100 were killed during 1954–1956. In total upward of 2,700 and possibly as many as

1873:

in Gaza. Forty-three percent of the boys reported that a family member had been wounded or killed by the IDF, and half lived in households where the father's employment was lost following the outbreak of the Second Intifada. "Sympathy for terrorism" was found to be correlated with depression and

1817:

In September 1995, survey participants were asked whether they supported, opposed or had no opinion with regard to "armed attacks against Israeli army targets", "armed attacks against Israeli settlers", and "armed attacks against Israeli civilian targets". The majority supported the use of armed

1257:, making this the deadliest attack by Hamas militants since the foundation of Israel in 1948. International human rights groups, medical personnel, and journalists have chronicled the militants' actions, detailing the killing of women, children, and the elderly, alongside young men and soldiers. 1154:

Hamas has made use of guerrilla tactics in the Gaza Strip and to a lesser degree the West Bank. Hamas has adapted these techniques over the years since its inception. According to a 2006 report by rival Fatah party, Hamas had smuggled "between several hundred and 1,300 tons" of advanced rockets,

1842:

into Israel was acceptable to about three-quarters of the Palestinian public in the occupied territories, and was higher in the West Bank (78%) compared to the Gaza Strip (71%), among students (83%) compared to merchants (63%), and among supporters of Hamas (86%) compared to supporters of Fatah

1416:

led neighborhood children in marching and drills, beating those who did not obey. In the 1940s, Arafat's father organized a group of militants in Gaza which included Yasir Arafat and his brothers. The leader, Abu Khalid, a mathematics teacher in Gaza, gave Arafat the name Yasir in honor of the

572:

Our basic aim is to liberate the land from the Mediterranean Seas to the Jordan River. We are not concerned with what took place in June 1967 or in eliminating the consequences of the June War. The Palestinian revolution's basic concern is the uprooting of the Zionist entity from our land and

1537:

B'tselem reported that the main argument used to justify violence against civilians is that "all means are legitimate in fighting for independence against a foreign occupation". B'Tselem criticized this argument, saying it is completely baseless, and contradicts the fundamental principle of

1299:

and a bombing in Jerusalem, 27 US senators sent a letter requesting the US Secretary of State to identify the administration's steps to end Palestinian incitement to violence against Jews and Israel that they said was occurring within the "Palestinian media, mosques and schools, and even by

508:

Throughout the period 1949–56 the Egyptian government opposed the movement of refugees from the Gaza strip into Israel, but following the IDF's Gaza Raid on February 28, 1955, the Egyptian authorities facilitated militant infiltration but still continued to oppose civilian infiltration.

1311:

Palestinian Media Watch reported that the Palestinian Authority spent more than $ 5 million a month paying salaries to Palestinians and Israeli Arabs imprisoned in Israel for terror crimes. They also stated that groups in a summer camp for children sponsored by PA Prime Minister

1827:

A May 2002 poll by the center found that support for bombings of civilians inside Israel dropped to 52%, but support for armed attacks against Israeli settlers remained "very high" at 89 percent. Support for armed attacks against soldiers stood at 92 percent. A poll after the 2003

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in August 2005. The range of the rockets has increased over time. The original Qassam rocket has a range of about 10 km (6.2 mi) but more advanced rockets, including versions of the old Soviet Grad or Katyusha have hit Israeli targets 40 km (25 mi) from Gaza.

189:

Israeli statistics state that 3,500 Israelis have been killed as a result of Palestinian political violence since the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948. Suicide bombings constituted 0.5% of Palestinian attacks against Israelis in the first two years of the

1534:, the Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories, 500 Israeli civilians were killed by Palestinians from September 29, 2000, to March 31, 2012, in Israel, and another 254 Israeli civilians were killed in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. 6555: 444:

in November 1917 which stimulated Jewish migrants to settle in Palestine. At this time the Arabs were both geographically and demographically dominant compared to the Jewish population, where the majority of Arabs were distributed throughout the highlands of

194:; though this percentage accounted for half of the Israelis killed in that period. As of 2022, a majority of Palestinians, 59%, believe armed attacks against Israelis inside Israel are an effective measure to end the occupation, with 56% supporting them. 71:

in and sovereignty over all of Palestine (including seeking to replace Israel), or the recognition of a Palestinian state inside the 1967 borders. This includes the objective of ending the Israeli occupation. More limited goals include the release of

1495:

Women in particular have increasingly associated political violence with expanded citizenship rights due to the perceived failure of nonmilitaristic tactics to achieve political goals, primary amongst these, the achievement of Palestinian autonomy.

1408:

sponsored the development of storm troops consisting solely of children and youth. A British report from the period stated that "the growing youth and scout movements must be regarded as the most probable factors for the disturbance of the peace".

1026:. The brutality of the event, captured in a photo of a Palestinian rioter proudly waving his blood-stained hands to the crowd below, sparked international outrage and further intensified the ongoing conflict between Israeli and Palestinian forces. 617:, confrontations between Palestinian guerrillas in Jordan and government forces became a major problem within the kingdom. By early 1970, at least seven Palestinian guerrilla organizations were active in Jordan, one of the most important being the 1307:

stopped funding a children's magazine sponsored by the Palestinian Authority that commended Hitler's killing of Jews. It deplored this publication as contrary to its principles of building tolerance and respect for human rights and human dignity.

457:

and the Jewish population was scattered in small towns and rural communities. The Arabs realized that the Jewish community, due to their lower numbers, was vulnerable to attrition and less able to take casualties. Therefore, they adopted a

2593:

in Athens, Greece. Three civilians have been killed and 55 have been wounded. After the attack the gunmen took hostages, for more than two hours, before surrendering to the Greek police. Most of the casualties and injured were Greeks and

551:, hundreds of Palestinians met to "call for the right of self-determination and the upholding of the rights of the Palestinian nation". To achieve these goals, a Palestinian army of liberation was thought to be essential; thus, the 839:. A total of 160 Israelis and 2,162 Palestinians were killed, including 1,000 Palestinians killed by other Palestinians under the accusation of being collaborators. The Intifada lasted five years and ended with the signing of the 465:

Many of the deaths were inflicted during short time spans and in a few locations. For instance, in April 1920 about 216 Jews became casualties (killed or wounded) in a single day in Jerusalem. By May 1921, the casualty rate for

6254: 5853: 353:

led, and eventually united, most factions, while conducting military campaigns that varied from airplane hijackings, militant operations and civil protest. In 1987, a mass revolt of predominantly civil resistance, called the

1280:

In 2011, Israeli PM Benyamin Netanyahu stated that the incitement promulgated by the Palestinian Authority was destroying Israel's confidence, and he condemned what he regarded as the glorification of the murderers of the

5091: 563:, soon rose to prominence within the PLO. The PLO charter called for "an end to the State of Israel, a return of Palestinians to their homeland, and the establishment of a single democratic state throughout Palestine". 1200:

In 2012, terror attacks against Israelis in the West Bank increased compared to 2011. The number of terror attacks in the West Bank increased from 320 in 2011 to 578 in 2012. The attacks mainly involved rock throwing,

1843:(73%). While firing rockets from Beit Hanoun was supported by a majority of Palestinians (75%), 59% of the residents of Beit Hanoun rejected this practice. 83% of Palestinians favored a mutual cessation of violence. 1558:

are illegal and many settlers belong to Israel's security forces, settlers are not entitled to the international law protections granted to civilians. Human rights group B'tselem rejected this argument, and stated:

978:, as of July 10, 2005, over 400 members of the Israeli Security forces, and 821 Israeli civilians have been killed by Palestinians since the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1993, 553 of whom were killed within the 7867: 2214:

Joined the PLO in 1968 and became the second-largest PLO faction, after Arafat's al-Fatah, but withdrew in 1974, accusing the group of moving away from the goal of abolishing the State of Israel. It was led by

6310: 5779: 6054: 679:. The PFLP announced that the hijackings were intended "to pay special attention to the Palestinian problem". After all hostages were removed, the planes were dramatically blown up in front of TV cameras. 4540: 4091: 5133: 4737: 4171: 1642:, were consistently supported by most Palestinians, although the stated goals have been mixed. The attacks, widely condemned for targeting civilians, have been described as terrorism by United Nations, 1050:. The operation led to the apprehension of many members of militant groups, as well as their weaponry and equipment. 497 Palestinians and 30 Israelis were killed during Operation Defensive Shield. 130:

Palestinian political violence has targeted Israelis, Palestinians, Lebanese, Jordanians, Egyptians, Americans, and citizens of other countries. Attacks have taken place both within Israel and the

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anxiety scores, as well as with the level of "perceived oppression", and "emotional distress". Of those who felt subject to unjust treatment, 77 percent expressed sympathy for political violence.

6586: 6878: 6023: 5544: 1782:, the chaotic nature of the Intifada along with strong Israeli reprisals has resulted in a deterioration of living conditions for Palestinians in Israeli-administered areas. The survey states: 7194: 5832: 6782: 701:

Battles between Palestinian guerrilla forces and the Jordanian army continued during the closing months of 1970 and the first six months of 1971. In November 1971, members of the Palestinian

5613: 5289: 1241:. For months prior to the attack, Hamas had been leading Israeli intelligence to believe that they were not seeking conflict. Hamas fighters proceeded to massacre hundreds of civilians at 7457: 7041: 5937: 7943: 96: 1738:

Palestinian stone-throwing is a violent political statement celebrated in the literature of the Palestinian national liberation movement. Stone throwing was the primary tactic of the

6516: 874:, in which operative Saher Tamam al-Nabulsi detonated his explosives-laden car between two buses. One person, a Palestinian, other than the attacker was killed, and 21 were wounded. 737:

and Palestinian militiamen, the war quickly deteriorated into a conflict between two loosely defined factions: the side wishing to preserve the status quo, consisting primarily of

4333: 725:, among them Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO). In the early 1970s their presence exacerbated an already tense situation in Lebanon, and in 1975 the 5088: 274:. By the end of Ottoman rule, the Jewish population of Palestine was 56,000 or one-sixth of the population. Hostility to Jewish immigration led to numerous incidents such as the 2606: 1903: 1292:

who perpetrated the Passover suicide attack at the Park Hotel in Netanya which killed 30 civilians was described by Abbas as a "hero" and "symbol of the Palestinian Authority".

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reports that from September 29, 2000, to March 31, 2012, there were 669 Palestinians killed by Palestinians. Of those, 134 were killed for suspected collaboration with Israel.

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Pinfold, Rob Geist (2022). "Security, Terrorism, and Territorial Withdrawal: Critically Reassessing the Lessons of Israel's "Unilateral Disengagement" from the Gaza Strip".

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The years between the intifadas were marked by intense diplomatic activity between Israel and Palestinians, who were represented by the PLO. This lead to the signing of the

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were organized by local groups and encouraged by local religious leaders. As the Jewish community did not count on the British authorities to protect them, they formed the

6415: 5490: 931:

In this period, suicide bombings of Israeli buses and crowded spaces as a regular tactic, particularly by Hamas and Islamic Jihad. Attacks during this period include the

5807: 4441: 4271: 4032: 5967: 1600:

have occurred since 2001. Between 2001 and January 2009, over 8,600 rockets had been launched, leading to 28 deaths and several hundred injuries, as well as widespread

862:. He walked up to the driver and pulled the wheel to the right, driving the vehicle into a ravine, killing 16 people. The end of the intifada also saw the first use of 1483:

in 2015, Hamas launched rockets from inside schools to use the retaliatory child deaths for propaganda and deter Israel from attacking Gaza. This tactic is called the

1190:. The IDF has a difficult, if not impossible time trying to find hidden weapons caches in Palestinian areas – this is due to the high local support base Hamas enjoys. 639:

Various clashes between the fedayeen and the army occurred between the years 1968–1970. The situation climaxed in September 1970, when several attempts to assassinate

6914: 7230: 6302: 5786: 2510: 6046: 1661: 1400:

In the 1930s, the emergence of organized youth cadres was rooted in the desire to form a youth paramilitary. It was believed that armed youth might bring an end to

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signed in 1993. Broke from the APF – along with the PFLP – over ideological differences. Has made limited moves towards merging with the PFLP since the mid-1990s.

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The profile of the female Palestinian suicide bombers has been the subject of study by Katherine VanderKaay, who presented her profiling of the subjects at the

5130: 4733: 4210: 4168: 1866:, 50 percent supported "suicide bombings against Israeli civilians", and 36 percent supported "the resumption of military operations against Israeli targets". 6463: 5199: 1380:

from what Palestinians have seen as attempts to alter the status quo. He declared in September 2015: "Every drop of blood spilled in Jerusalem is pure, every

3948: 503: 7005: 1938:, at least 32 people were killed by these attacks: 18 during the conflict and 14 afterward, and several dozen more were maimed, many by shots to the legs. 7249: 1451:

targets, both military and civilian. This deliberate involvement of children in armed conflict was condemned by international human rights organizations.

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that he convinced the Legion to arm and train the fedayeen for free. Between 1951 and 1956, 400 Israelis were killed and 900 wounded by fedayeen attacks.

382:

not used or earmarked for Israeli settlement. In order to derail the peace process, Islamist organizations such as Hamas and the PIJ adopted the usage of

6355: 3230: 1059:

In 2004, 31 people were killed and 159 others were wounded in a simultaneous attack against multiple tourist destinations in Egypt. Of the dead, 15 were

885:

during 1987–1988. The number of executed is estimated at 600 people, mostly Palestinians, across several separate locations in Syria, Lebanon and Libya.

6578: 6485: 4685: 7275: 5883: 4641: 2702: 926:(PIJ) adopted the tactic of suicide bombings, influenced by Lebanese groups, to derail the peace process, weaken the PLO and polarize Israeli politics. 6875: 6015: 7191: 5829: 4784: 5417: 5264: 5687: 5605: 5552: 3943: 2240: 100: 5286: 1285:

on PA television. The perpetrator of the murders had been described as a "hero" and a "legend" by members of his family, during a weekly program.

310:, involving also the intervention of neighbouring Arab states, took place, with casualties of 6,000 Israelis and, according to the 1958 survey by 2742: 816: 7453: 6539: 1063:, 12 were from Israel, two from Italy, one from Russia, and one was an Israeli-American. According to the Egyptian government, the bombers were 7348: 7033: 6802: 5933: 2777:'s leadership converted to Shia Islam in 2014. It is at odds with Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and supports Hezbollah, Iran and Syria. 1550:

B'Tselem further noted that Palestinian spokespersons distinguish between attacks inside Israel proper and attacks directed at settlers in the

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Jerusalem, July 2, 2008. A Palestinian man drives a front-end loader into several vehicles in Jerusalem, killing three before being shot dead.

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and other communities bordering the Gaza Strip. In 2006, more sophisticated rockets began to be deployed, reaching the larger coastal city of

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Defenses constructed specifically to deal with the weapons include fortifications for schools and bus stops as well as an alarm system named

1332:, donated $ 25,000 to the families of suicide bombers, and $ 10,000 to the families of Palestinian civilians killed by the Israeli military. 648: 618: 602: 92: 6134: 5110: 4389: 299: 6821: 1467: 1254: 1222: 792:

in 1979, as well as a terrorist bombing by Ziad Abu Ein that killed two Israeli 16-year-olds and left 36 other youths wounded during the

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was approaching 40 per day and in August 1929 it had risen to 80 per day. During the 1929 riots, one percent of the Jewish population of

291: 5308: 4762: 4507: 7329: 6948: 6158: 5756: 5668: 5372: 4415: 4006: 2253:

leads the majority and more hard-line faction, which continue to dominate the group. Joined with other rejectionist groups to form the

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group that believes Palestinian national goals can be achieved only through revolution of the masses. Split into two factions in 1991;

1208:

In 2013, Hamas stated that the "kidnapping of IDF soldiers to trade for Palestinian prisoners is at the heart of Palestinian culture".

882: 7610:"Mapping the Minds of Suicide Bombers using Linguistic Methods: The Corpus of Palestinian Suicide Bombers' Farewell Letters (CoPSBFL)" 6626: 4716: 1720:, which was previously Hamas's main method of attacking Israel, and an adoption of the rocket tactics used by Lebanese militant group 290:(which was suppressed by British security forces and led to the deaths of approximately 5,000 Palestinians). After the passing of the 7213: 7165: 6983: 5433: 5349: 5329: 5316: 1709: 1124: 398: 7506: 6080: 5039: 4480: 4467: 4236: 4071: 4058: 1046:) climaxed a bloody month of March 2002, in which more than 130 Israelis, mostly civilians, were killed in attacks. Israel launched 6859: 6840: 2885: 2811: 1847: 1250: 1155:

along with other weaponry, into Gaza. Some Israelis and some Gazans both noted similarities in Hamas's military buildup to that of

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on southern Israel. Attacks continued outside the Gaza Strip perimeter, including the attack that resulted in the Israeli soldier

7938: 7141: 6411: 5993: 3366: 3341: 2753: 2584: 1080: 7430: 6897: 6758: 6732: 6713: 6441: 6202: 5649: 5451: 4193: 1324:; and Abu Ali Mustafa, the general secretary of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine who perpetrated many attacks. 850:

There were two attacks that represented new developments in terms of political violence inside Israel in this period. The first

843:. The strategy of non-violence, though widespread among Palestinians, was not always adhered to, and there were youth who threw 5803: 5582: 3408: 3205: 698:. The number of people killed on all sides were estimated as high as 3,500, other sources claiming it to be as high as 20,000. 134:

as well as internationally and have been directed at both military and civilian targets. Tactics have included hostage taking,

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Tuesday, October 26, 2004, Interior Ministry: defendants are eight Egyptians led by a Palestinian national living in Al-Arish

4302: 4263: 2616:. Declared its focus would be military, not political. Was a member of the PLO, but left in 1974 for the same reasons as PFLP. 7900: 7881: 7841: 7807: 7788: 7765: 7731: 7712: 7672: 7653: 7634: 7598: 7103: 7084: 7065: 6549: 5963: 5393: 5177: 5052: 4437: 4220: 4028: 3968: 2420:

Reverse acronym for "Harekat at-Tahrir al-Wataniyyeh al-Falastiniyyeh" ("Palestinian National Liberation Movement" in Arabic)

2277:, widely regarded as the most ruthless of the Palestinian leaders, until his death in August 2002. According to Kameel Nasr, 2091: 1128: 1109: 371: 338: 334: 899: 591:. The military superiority of Israel led Palestinian fighters to employ guerrilla tactics from bases in Jordan and Lebanon. 6924: 6608: 5634: 4665: 1855: 1835: 1573: 1372:

has been accused of incitement to violence, on the basis of a statement he made concerning youths injured in defending the

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in Jerusalem's Shmuel Hanavi neighborhood which killed twenty-three people, many of them children, and the attacker in the

1108:

started putting greater emphasis on its political characteristics and strengthened its popularity amongst Palestinians. In

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After Black September, the PLO and its offshoots waged an international campaign against Israelis. Notable events were the

406: 287: 175: 7484: 3004: 1404:. Youth were cajoled into violence by Palestinian political figures and newspapers that glorified violence and death. The 1014:, Vadim Nurzhitz (sometimes spelled as Norzhich) and Yossi Avrahami (or Yosef Avrahami), who had accidentally entered the 3911: 3886: 3861: 3836: 3811: 3786: 3761: 3736: 3699: 3674: 3649: 3624: 3599: 3502: 3477: 3440: 3415: 3390: 3373: 3348: 3287: 3262: 3237: 3212: 3187: 3162: 3137: 3112: 3087: 2670:

In August 2009, the group proclaimed the creation of an Islamic emirate in Gaza and led an armed rebellion against Hamas.

1751: 1076: 851: 303: 243: 183: 84: 6331: 5221: 4998: 4605: 4562: 4124: 1708:(2008). Attacks began in 2001. Since then, nearly 4,800 rockets have hit southern Israel, just over 4,000 of them since 55:

with the intent to achieve political objectives that can involve the use of force, some of which are considered acts of

7823: 7688: 7614: 7554: 7532: 3080: 2364: 1500: 7297: 6671: 318:, through expulsion, or panicked flight, of approximately 700,000 Arab Palestinians who subsequently became refugees. 7948: 7403: 4364: 3495: 2975: 2890: 2267: 2181: 2159: 859: 544: 2589:

In 1973 two members of the Black September attacked, with sub-machine guns and grenades, at the passenger lounge at

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The Second Intifada (2000–2005) witnessed a significant increase in Palestinian political violence, including many

60: 5191: 4152: 3729: 2910: 2590: 2318: 1234: 1113: 166:

and assassinations. In the 1990s, groups seeking to disrupt the Israeli-Palestinian peace process began adopting

73: 7246: 6997: 6971: 6131:"Candidly Speaking: PA texts glorifying terror beg question of whether genuine peace process was ever intended?" 1392: 2716:

Radical Islamist group set up by Palestinians and Syrians which operated in different areas of the Middle East.

2493: 2350: 2254: 1539: 1015: 915: 559:, a Palestinian group founded in the late 1950s to organize the armed resistance against Israel, and headed by 367: 6481: 4681: 2273:

Split from PLO; part of the so-called rejectionist front, the ANO is a secular, nationalist group. Was led by

389:

predominantly against Israeli civilians. Frustration over the perceived failure of the peace talks to yield a

7271: 5879: 3963: 2084: 1578: 1503:'s annual meeting. While the first suicide bombing undertaken by a Palestinian took place in 1994, the first 4637: 4385: 4181: 3667: 3255: 2880: 2569:

Began as a small cell of Fatah men determined to take revenge upon King Hussein and the Jordanian army for

2563: 1551: 954: 894: 644: 346: 219:. The reason given is: The history ends about a decade ago; there have been substantial events since then.. 4789: 270:, Palestinians, both Muslim and Christian, from November 1918 onwards, began to organize in opposition to 7834:

Israel's Border Wars, 1949–1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation and the Countdown to the Suez War

5695: 5684: 5407: 5260: 4991:"Countering Palestinian Terrorism in Israel – Toward a Policy Analysis of Countermeasures (PDF download)" 2980: 2920: 2855: 2838: 1989: 1895:

was supported by 77% and opposed by 19%. An overwhelming majority of 84 percent supported the March 2008

1693: 1163: 971: 801: 713:. In December the group made an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate the Jordanian ambassador in Britain. 552: 418: 383: 167: 147: 77: 7698: 7410:

The destruction of the state of Israel through violent means is the prime objective of the Islamic Jihad

3008: 2817: 1471: 832:

was characterized more by grassroots and non-violent political actions from among the population in the

247:

A Jewish bus equipped with wire screens to protect against rock, glass, and grenade throwing, late 1930s

7857: 7780: 7704: 3973: 3280: 2930: 2895: 2865: 2628: 2286: 1733: 1085: 1047: 777: 776:. During the 1970s and the early 1980s, Israel suffered attacks from PLO bases in Lebanon, such as the 664: 410: 139: 1862:. A 2005 poll by the center indicated that 53 percent of Palestinians supported "the continuation of 6799: 6464:"Israel/Occupied Territories: Palestinian armed groups must not use children - Amnesty International" 3983: 3433: 2570: 2258: 2223: 2117: 1882: 1697: 1432: 1337: 936: 923: 855: 769: 683: 634: 359: 307: 108: 7345: 1801:

The PLO officially "declared its rejection and condemnation of terrorism in all its forms" in 1988.

1336:

and to provide full military funerals. The bodies included the suicide bombers that perpetrated the

6228: 6174: 6107: 4766: 3978: 3617: 1628: 1132: 1067:

led by Iyad Saleh, who had tried to enter Israel to carry out attacks there but were unsuccessful.

797: 757: 487: 6250: 1365:

militants. The dead are considered martyrs by Palestinians, but viewed as terrorists by Israelis.

490:

and was directed against both Jews and the British. Due to the rising level of Arab violence, the

6130: 5107: 4836: 4264:"What is the Palestinian Liberation Organization? How about Fatah and the Palestinian Authority?" 3754: 3057: 2900: 2801: 2760: 2653: 2646: 2533: 2414: 1869:

A 2004 study by Victoroff et al. was conducted on a group of 52 boys, all 14 years old, from the

1701: 1238: 1120:, insisting that Hamas must recognize Israel, renounce violence and accept previous peace pacts. 871: 836: 702: 330: 326: 315: 131: 116: 6609:"Wafa Idris ... injured by rubber bullets. ... powerful incentives for her to avenge her people" 4381: 1116:, prompting the United States and many European countries to cut off all funds to Hamas and the 474:

became casualties, in Safed 2 percent and in Hebron 12 percent. During the 1920–1929 attacks on

6818: 3779: 3642: 3130: 2850: 2378: 2128: 1999: 1911: 1639: 1405: 1345: 1194: 1039: 995: 878: 414: 263:, which proposed Palestine as a homeland for the Jewish people, and its implementation under a 159: 7819:"Palestinian Suicide Terrorism in the Second Intifada: Motivations and Organizational Aspects" 7742: 7684:"Suicide Bombing as a Strategic Weapon: An Empirical Investigation of Hamas and Islamic Jihad" 4812:

Immigrants in Turmoil: Mass Immigration to Israel and Its Repercussions in the 1950s and After

2400:

Supports the Palestinian right of return and creation of Palestinian state within 1967 borders

1038:), was launched against Israel and elicited a military response. A suicide bombing dubbed the 5305: 5153: 5037:

Sacred Landscape: Buried History of the Holy Land Since 1948. Chapter 5: Uprooted and Planted

4496: 3829: 3383: 2945: 2915: 2875: 2689: 2549: 2482: 2311: 2227: 2095: 2073: 2017: 1927: 1896: 1651: 1504: 1455: 1353: 1317: 1171: 1117: 1008: 773: 750: 517: 7326: 6945: 6155: 5748: 5665: 5369: 4411: 4002: 820:

Palestinians in Qalandiya throw rocks from behind an ambulance during a riot as part of the

7159:"Poll No. 54, May 2005 – On Palestinian Attitudes Towards The Palestinian Political Issues" 7062: 6636: 6047:"U.S. stresses support for Israel as 1 million residents of North Gaza ordered to evacuate" 4713: 4524:

Martyr's Brigade, Lashkar-e-Tayyiba, and Sendero Luminoso (as of the end of February 2005).

3879: 3692: 3592: 3563: 3180: 2950: 2925: 2845: 2720: 1705: 1638:

Attacks have been carried out by all Palestinian armed groups, and, prior to the 2008–2009

1601: 1586: 1217: 979: 785: 656: 525: 283: 275: 7210: 6779: 5430: 2745:, a former al-Qassam Brigades commander, after he opposed Hamas joining the 2006 elections 760:(1972), the hijacking of several civilian airliners (some were thwarted, see for example: 8: 7510: 6341: 6076: 5036: 4463: 4240: 4054: 3904: 3804: 3105: 2935: 2726:

The group was disbanded in 2008 as its members joined Lebanese al-Qaeda affiliated group

2558:, has carried out guerrilla attacks against Israeli military personnel in the Gaza Strip. 2545:

Responsible for executing suspected conspirators and leaders of opposition against Arafat

2170: 1810: 1771:

Palestinian security forces, 16 percent were the victims of Palestinian security forces.

1555: 1341: 1054: 847:

and stones, with such violence generally directed against Israeli soldiers and settlers.

441: 267: 260: 83:

Palestinian groups that have been involved in politically motivated violence include the

7100: 7081: 6915:"Palestinians killed by Palestinians in the Occupied Territories, 29.9.2000 – 31.3.2012" 6856: 6837: 6276: 5635:

https://web.archive.org/web/20020806174944/http://www.un.org/peace/jenin/index.html%7CUN

2098:

the Hamas government was disbanded by Mahmoud Abbas but remained de facto rulers of the

1135:

in a bloody coup. Palestinian militant groups in the Gaza strip increased the firing of

221:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

33: 7624: 7257: 5482: 4853: 2970: 2692:

over control of Palestinian refugee camps, which caused the death of nearly 500 people.

2674: 2665: 2344: 2077: 1935: 1655: 1440: 1357: 1349: 1246: 1001: 983: 833: 726: 695: 342: 135: 68: 64: 41: 26: 7758:

Defending the Holy Land: A Critical Analysis of Israel's Security & Foreign Policy

5989: 2723:

was captured by Lebanese forces during the 2007 conflict in Palestinian refugee camps.

749:

Charred remains of the bus hijacked and burnt by Palestinian militants in 1978 in the

7896: 7877: 7837: 7803: 7784: 7761: 7727: 7708: 7668: 7649: 7630: 7594: 7422: 7399: 6894: 6750: 6729: 6710: 6545: 6437: 6194: 5849: 5646: 5474: 5389: 5173: 5048: 4360: 4216: 4191: 3953: 3470: 3378: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2870: 2774: 1954: 1689: 1227: 1202: 932: 761: 459: 432:

have been arrested or detained in Israeli prisons for political or military reasons.

390: 264: 179: 143: 5796: 5574: 5486: 1344:. Israel will also return the remains of the bombers that committed the bombings on 605:, masterminded the hijackings of four Western airliners to Jordan, which led to the 366:, which produced an interim understanding allowing a new Palestinian authority, the 349:. While historically, Palestinian militancy was fragmented into several groups, the 7665:

Dynamics of self-determination in Palestine: protection of peoples as a human right

7609: 7368: 7327:

Over 600 Palestinians killed in internal clashes since 2006 – Israel News, Ynetnews

7158: 7119: 6509:"Yes, Gaza militants hide rockets in schools, but Israel doesn't have to bomb them" 5723: 5719: 5466: 5254: 5072: 5063:

Haya Regev, Avigail Oren, The operations in the 1950s, University of Tel Aviv, 1995

5031: 4758: 4294: 2658: 2464: 2387: 2246: 2233: 2216: 2152: 2141: 2047: 1863: 1685: 1444: 1167: 844: 529: 413:, has led to further chronic violence, culminating in a further two conflicts, the 191: 7588: 7138: 5710:"Internal Palestinian violence in Gaza threatens to torpedo Israeli peace efforts" 7352: 7333: 7253: 7217: 7198: 7145: 7126: 7107: 7088: 7069: 6975: 6952: 6901: 6882: 6863: 6844: 6825: 6806: 6786: 6736: 6717: 6338: 6181: 6162: 5836: 5830:"Shin Bet: 565 rockets, 200 mortar shells fired at Israel since start of Gaza op" 5691: 5672: 5653: 5527: 5519: 5437: 5412: 5376: 5356: 5336: 5312: 5293: 5222:"UN, EU urge swift probe into Palestinian official's death – The Times of Israel" 5165: 5137: 5114: 5095: 5043: 4858: 4720: 4669: 4484: 4197: 4175: 4156: 4075: 3155: 2696: 2577: 2539: 2148: 2027: 1870: 1859: 1717: 1593: 1507:

from among Palestinian society did not emerge until January 2002. The bomber was

1436: 1373: 1321: 1296: 1282: 1140: 948: 863: 781: 765: 606: 588: 394: 171: 7034:"Palestinian party affiliation and political attitudes toward the peace process" 6612: 4663: 1034:

A spate of suicide bombings and attacks, aimed mostly at civilians (such as the

705:, who took their name from the civil war, assassinated Jordanian Prime Minister 7818: 7683: 7480: 5804:"Palestinian groups continue firing rockets "in response to Israeli massacres"" 4187: 3637: 2727: 2682: 2371: 2300: 2250: 2110: 2106: 2037: 1739: 1643: 1401: 1325: 986:, restaurants, discothèques, shopping malls, a university, and civilian homes. 935:, a double-suicide bombing at a crowded junction that killed 21 people and the 829: 355: 124: 7853:"Altruism and fatalism: the characteristics of Palestinian suicide terrorists" 5470: 424:

Since 1967, some reports estimate that some 40% of the male population of the

7932: 5478: 4990: 3250: 3075: 2860: 2434: 2427: 2191: 2124: 1923: 1775: 1762:

Concerning the killing of Palestinians by other Palestinians, a January 2003

1681: 1611:, were initially crude and short-range, mainly affecting the Israeli city of 1608: 1369: 1136: 660: 622: 598: 560: 497: 363: 7540: 2488:

Dismantled in 2007 and incorporated into the Palestinian Presidential Guard.

939:, a suicide bombing outside a Tel Aviv shopping mall that killed 13 people. 721:

In the aftermath of Black September in Jordan, many Palestinians arrived in

119:

by the governments of the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Japan,

7893:

Tangled roots: social and psychological factors in the genesis of terrorism

6661: 6359: 5250: 3854: 2710: 2613: 2337: 2296: 2069: 1919: 1484: 1413: 1377: 1313: 1261: 1148: 1064: 911: 840: 789: 784:

in 1974 (where Palestinian militants massacred 21 school children) and the

706: 640: 311: 295: 155: 151: 52: 5990:"Israel attack: PM says Israel at war after 70 killed in attack from Gaza" 4440:. Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness. August 7, 2013. 4031:. Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness. August 7, 2013. 251: 6919: 6697:. King’s College London, UK and Charles University, Czech Republic: 1–21. 6666: 6631: 3100: 2759:

al-Qaeda-affiliated group in the Gaza Strip, founded in November 2008 by

2664:

al-Qaeda-affiliated group in the Gaza Strip, founded in November 2008 by

2555: 2330: 1839: 1756: 1531: 1480: 1288: 1255:

1,139 civilians, IDF soldiers and foreign nationals were killed in Israel

1187: 975: 734: 614: 584: 533: 483: 322: 279: 120: 7626:

Democratic development & political terrorism: the global perspective

6541:

Democratic development & political terrorism: the global perspective

5253:

was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1982 but was released in the 1985

2087:; the sole target of its suicide bombings and missile attacks is Israel. 1519: 1396:

Bloody child's shoe after Palestinian attack on an Israeli shopping mall

1384:

will reach paradise, and every injured person will be rewarded by God."

1300:

individuals or institutions affiliated with the Palestinian Authority".

7890: 7747: 2519: 2133:

Goal is the destruction of the state of Israel and replacement with an

2099: 1962: 1907: 1632: 1597: 1508: 1144: 1098: 1094: 1090: 959: 793: 520:

in 1955 which came as a result of a series of massacres in the city of

486:

in the 1936–1939 period, violence was coordinated and organized by the

429: 379: 7703:. Columbia Studies in Terrorism and Irregular Warfare (3rd ed.). 6482:"Ban Ki-moon condemns rocket attack from Gaza school run by UN agency" 6303:"Israel transfers bodies of Palestinian terrorists to West Bank, Gaza" 4149: 7873: 6968: 5752: 3849: 2820:

by removing items or incorporating them into the text of the article.

2634:

Also known as the Tawhid and Jihad Brigades and al-Qaeda in Palestine

2502:

Also known as the Martyrs of Tel Al Za'atar, Hawari, and Amn Araissi.

2304: 2274: 1946: 1942: 1721: 1674: 1670: 1647: 1624: 1360:

in Tel Aviv who killed eight hostages. The Palestinian Authority and

1269: 1156: 1060: 1023: 1011: 904: 471: 462:" tactic which was advantageous to the more numerous Arab community. 425: 375: 104: 56: 7852: 4958:

The evolution of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict settlement process

1953:

report, the increase was due in part to a 68% rise of attacks using

745: 7298:"Hamas executes six suspected informants for Israel on Gaza street" 6780:

Israel/Gaza Operation 'Cast Lead': 22 Days of Death and Destruction

5962:

Davison, John; Pamuk, Humeyra; Siebold, Sabine (October 13, 2023).

5873: 5871: 5452:"Bombers and Bystanders in Suicide Attacks in Israel, 2000 to 2003" 3200: 2735: 2642: 2638: 2472: 2423:

Also known as the Movement for the National Liberation of Palestine

2164: 2134: 1958: 1950: 1851: 1616: 1019: 738: 652: 294:

in 1947 which called for the establishment of independent Arab and

170:, predominantly targeting civilians, which later peaked during the 163: 2573:. Recruits from the PFLP, as-Sa'iqa, and other groups also joined. 2430:

in 1959. Took control of the PLO in 1968, with Arafat as chairman.

255:

A demolished farmhouse in Tel Mond, Israel, after a fedayun attack

21: 3724: 3587: 3551: 3150: 3125: 2478:

Elite unit of the PLO once under Yasser Arafat's direct guidance.

1915: 1511:, a 28-year-old paramedic and a supporter of secularist parties. 1179: 1043: 982:, mainly by suicide bombings. Targets of attacks included buses, 722: 589:

killings of Israeli athletes during the 1972 Munich Olympic Games

521: 491: 479: 454: 450: 271: 7891:

Victoroff, Jeffrey Ivan; NATO Public Diplomacy Division (2006).

7336:. Ynetnews.com (June 20, 1995). Retrieved on September 29, 2010. 6412:"Occupied Territories: Stop Use of Children in Suicide Bombings" 5868: 4682:"U.S. Diplomatic Convoy in Gaza Is Attacked, Killing at Least 3" 2187:

Formed as the political representation of the Palestinian people

1684:, the Gaza War (December 27, 2008 – January 21, 2009) and other 888: 594: 7917: 6969:"The 'Intra'fada. An Analysis of Internal Palestinian Violence" 4825:

War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy

4779: 3924: 3774: 3687: 3662: 3612: 3539: 3515: 3490: 3465: 3453: 3428: 3403: 3336: 3312: 3225: 3052: 2748:

The group is affiliated with both Jund Ansar Allah and al-Qaeda

2607:

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command

2455: 2448: 2349:

Founded in 1966 as alternative to Fatah, organisation boycotts

2281:, The group was infiltrated and influenced by Israeli security. 1892: 1716:

Some analysts see the attacks as a shift away from reliance on

1665:

Osher Twito, an Israeli boy crippled by Palestinian rocket fire

1620: 1612: 1589: 1524: 1448: 1381: 1304: 1151:

being captured and held in the Gaza Strip for over five years.

974:, which predominantly targeted Israeli civilians. According to 730: 716: 97:

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command

7724:

Philosophical perspectives on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

6332:'Abbas: Blood of 'martyrs' spilled on Temple Mount is 'pure',' 2499:

Founded in the early 1970s by Col. Abdullah Abd al-Hamid Labib

1582:

Rocket attacks fired at Israel from the Gaza Strip, 2001-2021

5388:

Katz, Samuel (2002). The Hunt for the Engineer. Lyons Press.

3899: 3874: 3824: 3799: 3749: 3712: 3575: 3527: 3361: 3324: 3300: 3275: 3175: 2408: 2063: 1931: 1361: 1320:; Salah Khalaf, head of Black September that carried out the 1183: 1175: 1105: 1004: 964: 919: 867: 821: 805: 710: 687: 676: 668: 556: 548: 446: 402: 112: 88: 37: 7355:. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved on September 29, 2010. 6876:

Iron Dome successfully intercepts Gaza rocket for first time

4295:"المجلس المركزي الفلسطيني يعلن تعليق الاعتراف بدولة إسرائيل" 1914:. A series of violent acts, ranging from physical assaults, 1029: 482:

which were predominantly defensive in the 1920s. During the

397:

in September 2000, which ended in 2005, coincident with the

7507:"Violence on Gaza border continues | Maan News Agency" 5964:"Israel releases images of slain children to rally support" 5714: 5685:"Online NewsHour: Palestinian Authority Strapped for Cash." 5079:. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1957. p. 289. 1329: 691: 672: 555:(PLA) was established with the support of the Arab states. 475: 467: 7369:"Ultraconservative jihadists challenge Hamas rule in Gaza" 6156:

US Senators ask Clinton to help end anti-Israel incitement

3342:

Rome airport attacks and Hijacking of Lufthansa Flight 303

2699:

who led the group until killed by Lebanese forces in 2007.

2080:, Hamas' goal is the establishment of a Palestinian state. 1778:'s annual survey of political rights and civil liberties, 1468:

Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel § United Nations

498:

Independence of Israel to establishment of PLO (1949–1964)

7851:

Pedahzur, Ami; Perliger, Arie; Weinberg, Leonard (2003).

7454:"Digging beneath the surface in the Middle East conflict" 6356:"The Paranoid Supremacist Roots of the Stabbing Intifada" 6016:"Over 1,400 Killed In Hamas Attacks On Israel: PM Office" 5934:"How Hamas duped Israel as it planned devastating attack" 5806:. BBC Monitoring International Reports. January 3, 2009. 5749:"Report: Hamas weighing large-scale conflict with Israel" 1427:

Child suicide bombers in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

866:

as a tactic by Palestinian militants. On April 16, 1993,

435: 350: 7850: 7396:

Palestinian Religious Terrorism: Hamas and Islamic Jihad

6404: 6399:

Armies of the Young: Child Soldiers in War and Terrorism

6386:

Armies of the Young: Child Soldiers in War and Terrorism

4937: 4357:

Palestinian Religious Terrorism: Hamas and Islamic Jihad

1316:

were named after militants: Dalal Mughrabi, who led the

883:

mass executed hundreds of its members and their families

7869:

Routledge Companion to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

1945:

rose from 320 in 2011 to 578 in 2012, including 282 in

7944:

Political violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

7760:(Illustrated ed.). University of Michigan Press. 6800:

Poll Shows Most Palestinians Favor Violence Over Talks

6225:"US paying salaries for jailed Palestinian terrorists" 4595:"List of organisations recognized as terrorist groups" 4114:"List of organisations recognized as terrorist groups" 2518:

Was involved in the July 17, 2004, kidnappings in the

2397:

Originally part of the ALF, split from the ALF in 1993

2356:

Organisation was not active during the Second Intifada

1949:

alone compared to 191 in 2011. According to an annual

6538:

Karla J. Cunningham (2005). William J. Crotty (ed.).

3949:

List of killings and massacres in Mandatory Palestine

1973:

Palestinian deaths by other Palestinians since 1982.

504:

List of attacks against Israeli civilians before 1967

5244: 5117:. jafi.org (May 15, 2005). Retrieved on May 9, 2012. 5098:. jafi.org (May 15, 2005). Retrieved on May 9, 2012. 4970:

Israeli–Palestinian Contact and Linguistic Practices

2525:

Possibly linked to the Popular Resistance Committees

1387: 440:

Violence against the Jews in Palestine followed the

6537: 5961: 5842: 4529: 4080: 1226:A blood-stained home floor in the aftermath of the 7363: 7361: 7346:The Intrafada: Palestinians Killed by Palestinians 6277:"Israel returns the remains of Palestinian bodies" 5932:Nakhoul, Samia; Saul, Jonathan (October 9, 2023). 5743: 5741: 5606:"A strange voice said: I just killed your husband" 1251:hostages in Southern Israel back to the Gaza Strip 4785:Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research 2741:A Hamas-splinter organisation founded in 2006 by 1891:suicide bombing that killed one Israeli woman in 1789:Internal Palestinian violence has been called an 1133:took control over all the Gaza Strip in June 2007 1042:(30 Israeli civilians were killed at Park hotel, 854:took place on July 6, 1989, when a member of the 694:, and sparking troop movements by Israel and the 7930: 7800:The Israeli–Palestinian Conflict: A People's War 7586: 7371:. Haaretz. Associated Press. February 13, 2010. 6742: 6353: 6104:"PA incitement is confidence destroying measure" 4854:"Benny Morris "For the record", January 3, 2004" 2241:Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine 1472:Human shield § Israeli–Palestinian conflict 1089:A kindergarten classroom in the Israeli city of 547:was founded in 1964. At its first convention in 174:. In recent decades, violence has also included 101:Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine 7358: 6895:Hamas Adopting Rocket Tactics Used by Hezbollah 6847:, PSR – Survey Research Unit September 26, 2006 6828:, PSR – Survey Research Unit September 30, 2004 6706: 6704: 6175:UNESCO to stop support for Palestinian magazine 5738: 1941:In 2012, the number of militant attacks in the 643:failed. On September 7, 1970, in the series of 7802:(Illustrated ed.). Taylor & Francis. 7797: 7743:"The geography of suicide terrorism in Israel" 7646:Islamism and its enemies in the Horn of Africa 7184: 6662:"Attacks on Israeli civilians by Palestinians" 5777: 5189: 4379: 4212:Islamism and Its Enemies in the Horn of Africa 2173:who led the group until he was killed in 2006. 1607:The weapons, often generically referred to as 942: 918:. In response, Islamist organizations such as 59:, and often carried out in the context of the 6579:"Woman suicide bomber in quest for vengeance" 6531: 5148: 5146: 5125: 5123: 5027: 5025: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4412:"State Dept. List of Terrorist organizations" 4229: 4003:"State Dept. List of Terrorist organizations" 2206:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 1514: 1260:On 13 October 2023, Israeli Defense Minister 889:Oslo Accords to Camp David Summit (1993–2000) 811: 729:broke out. Beginning with street fighting in 619:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 583:Due to Israel's defeat of Arab armies in the 93:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 7740: 7220:, PSR – Survey Research Unit, March 24, 2008 6907: 6701: 6656: 6654: 4941: 3944:Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2266:Abu Nidal organization (ANO), also known as 717:Relocation to Lebanon and Lebanese Civil War 682:A bitterly fought 10-day civil war known as 566: 327:280,000–360,000 Palestinians became refugees 7681: 7240: 7027: 7025: 7023: 6866:, PSR – Survey Research Unit March 24, 2008 6128: 6077:"PA TV glorifies murderers of Fogel family" 5957: 5955: 5931: 4906: 2176:Hamas linked group, based in the Gaza Strip 1567: 1178:warheads and home-made rockets such as the 345:, while the Palestinians were placed under 292:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine 7478: 7272:"Shin Bet sees increase in Terror Attacks" 7166:Jerusalem Media & Communication Centre 6850: 6831: 6812: 6544:(Illustrated ed.). UPNE. p. 76. 6506: 5258: 5143: 5120: 5022: 4700: 4326:"Understanding Hamas's Genocidal Ideology" 1646:and Israeli officials, and are defined as 804:" by the IDF, and the exile of the PLO to 7587:Den Boer, Monica; de Wilde, Jaap (2008). 7101:Survey Research Unit: Results of Poll # 9 6984:Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group 6857:Palestinian – Israeli Joint Press Release 6838:Palestinian – Israeli Joint Press Release 6751:"Playing cat and mouse with Gaza rockets" 6651: 6251:"PA to honor suicide bombers, terrorists" 6227:. JPost. January 29, 2012. Archived from 5771: 5317:Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group 5279: 5183: 4261: 4202: 4161: 2705:succeeded al-Abbsi as the group's leader. 2612:Splinter group from the PFLP, founded by 1809:A study conducted by Mkhaimer Abusada of 1275: 1030:Suicide bombings and attacks on civilians 675:flight from Bahrain was also hijacked to 528:were incorporated into an Egyptian unit. 494:started to pursue an offensive strategy. 115:. Several of these groups are considered 7816: 7774: 7662: 7247:Gaza: Hamas Should End Killings, Torture 7020: 6792: 6748: 6686: 6414:. Human Rights Watch. November 2, 2004. 6388:, Rutgers University Press, pp. 104–106. 6044: 5952: 5603: 5449: 5443: 5440:. Btselem.org. Retrieved on May 9, 2012. 5342: 5322: 5306:Collaborators, One Year Al-Aqsa Intifada 5259:Abu Toameh, Khaled (December 11, 2014). 4933: 4910: 4814:, Syracuse University Press, 2003 p. 252 4752: 4723:. Btselem.org. Retrieved on May 9, 2012. 2987: 2886:Dolphinarium discotheque suicide bombing 2688:al-Qaeda-affiliated group involved in a 2481:Acts as a versatile unit for combat and 2370:Minor Socialist faction formerly led by 1934:political party, occurred. According to 1881: 1848:Jerusalem Media and Communication Center 1796: 1688:operations in the Gaza Strip, including 1660: 1577: 1518: 1420: 1391: 1221: 1084: 1036:Dolphinarium discotheque suicide bombing 958: 898: 815: 808:, Israel had a relatively quiet decade. 744: 593: 250: 242: 32: 20: 7865: 7721: 7696: 7682:Gupta, Dipak K.; Mundra, Kusum (2005). 7643: 7555:"1973: Athens attack leaves three dead" 7525: 7483:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 7451: 7339: 7320: 7269: 7231:Hamas killed 32 Gazans during, after op 7223: 7211:Palestinian Public Opinion Poll No (27) 7151: 7132: 7113: 7094: 7075: 7056: 7031: 6962: 6939: 6692: 6619: 6601: 6576: 6570: 5904: 5877: 5536: 5420:from the original on December 26, 2022. 5319:, October 2001. Retrieved May 15, 2007. 5263:. 19 Kislev, 5775. The Jerusalem Post. 4918: 4914: 4891: 4887: 4644:from the original on September 23, 2015 4638:"Jordan Hussein – the Guerrilla Crisis" 4575:from the original on September 24, 2009 4537:"Lists associated with Resolution 1373" 4323: 4208: 4150:"Palestinian Nationalism: An Overview." 4088:"Lists associated with Resolution 1373" 3367:Attack on the Saudi Embassy in Khartoum 3281:Hijacking of Japan Air Lines Flight 404 2754:Jahafil Al-Tawhid Wal-Jihad fi Filastin 2690:conflict with the Lebanese army in 2007 2637:The group are an armed Gaza clan named 2585:Attack on the Saudi embassy in Khartoum 1680:The attacks were a stated cause of the 1490: 1081:Palestinian domestic weapons production 796:celebration in Tiberias. Following the 238: 7931: 7831: 7622: 7487:from the original on November 11, 2012 7375:from the original on February 15, 2010 7204: 6749:Patience, Martin (February 28, 2008). 6589:from the original on February 29, 2016 6558:from the original on December 19, 2023 6488:from the original on September 9, 2017 6444:from the original on November 13, 2005 6257:from the original on December 19, 2023 6205:from the original on November 23, 2006 6101: 5856:from the original on December 19, 2023 5850:"Terrorists fire 18 rockets at Israel" 5666:Sinai attackers failed to enter Israel 5604:Whitaker, Raymond (October 14, 2000). 5567: 5545:"A day of rage, revenge and bloodshed" 5542: 5267:from the original on December 11, 2014 4938:Pedahzur, Perliger & Weinberg 2003 4734:"Terrorism deaths in Israel-1920-1999" 4688:from the original on November 13, 2013 4656: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4563:"Council decision of 21 December 2005" 4513:from the original on February 23, 2011 4373: 3206:Bangkok Israeli embassy hostage crisis 2622: 1129:2006 Palestinian legislative elections 1125:Israel's unilateral disengagement plan 1110:2006 Palestinian legislative elections 532:, a British general who commanded the 436:British-mandated Palestine (1917–1947) 76:held by Israel and recognition of the 7779:. Elements in Religion and Violence. 7726:(Illustrated ed.). M.E. Sharpe. 7607: 7481:"Israel assassinates Abu Ali Mustafa" 7423:"Israel kills key Palestinian leader" 7393: 7308:from the original on December 2, 2016 7278:from the original on January 27, 2013 7270:Shimoni, Rebecca (January 24, 2013). 7172:from the original on November 5, 2012 7044:from the original on October 20, 2012 7032:Abusada, Mkhaimar S (June 22, 1998). 6980:The Palestinian Human Rights Monitor. 6391: 6378: 6354:Jeffrey Goldberg (October 16, 2015). 6253:. The Jerusalem Post. July 28, 2010. 6187: 6057:from the original on October 14, 2023 6026:from the original on October 16, 2023 5970:from the original on November 9, 2023 5886:from the original on January 27, 2013 5878:Shimoni, Rebecca (January 24, 2013). 5810:from the original on January 16, 2013 5699:. February 28, 2006. January 5, 2009. 5678: 5659: 5640: 5597: 5508: 5424: 5405: 5382: 5362: 5202:from the original on October 19, 2017 5159: 5101: 5082: 5066: 5057: 5013: 5001:from the original on November 7, 2020 4984: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4945: 4929: 4927: 4902: 4900: 4883: 4881: 4866:from the original on January 15, 2017 4539:. New Zealand Police. July 20, 2014. 4470:from the original on January 21, 2013 4444:from the original on February 2, 2017 4418:from the original on January 27, 2017 4354: 4336:from the original on October 11, 2023 4305:from the original on November 7, 2018 4292: 4274:from the original on October 29, 2023 4262:Beauchamp, Zack (November 20, 2018). 4090:. New Zealand Police. July 20, 2014. 4061:from the original on January 21, 2013 4035:from the original on February 2, 2017 4009:from the original on January 27, 2017 3969:Palestinian right of armed resistance 2695:The group was established in 2006 by 2359:Currently led by Farhan Abu Al-Hayja. 1174:in Gaza. The latter include standard 7755: 7741:Kliot, Nurit; Charney, Igal (2006). 6998:"Arafat Says P.L.O. Accepted Israel" 6995: 6627:"B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities" 6418:from the original on August 26, 2014 6401:, Rutgers University Press, pp. 109. 6106:. The Jerusalem Post. Archived from 6045:Fischler, Jacob (October 13, 2023). 6008: 5996:from the original on October 7, 2023 5940:from the original on October 9, 2023 5759:from the original on January 6, 2011 5702: 5496:from the original on October 8, 2012 4988: 4843:, tome 3, Fayard, Paris 2007 p. 194. 4543:from the original on January 2, 2018 4094:from the original on January 2, 2018 2991: 2784: 2768: 1745: 1574:Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel 989: 536:, claimed in his 1957 autobiography 201: 7895:(Illustrated ed.). IOS Press. 7824:Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 7689:Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 7615:Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 7565:from the original on March 24, 2023 7460:from the original on August 6, 2011 7433:from the original on August 4, 2018 6773: 6577:Gilmore, Inigo (January 31, 2002). 6519:from the original on April 26, 2015 6466:. September 6, 2009. Archived from 6438:"Child suicide attacks 'must stop'" 6184:, Jerusalem Post, December 25, 2011 5780:"Hamas and Palestinian Nationalism" 5722:. December 11, 2006. Archived from 5616:from the original on April 17, 2010 5531: 5523: 5232:from the original on April 15, 2015 5190:Cnaan Liphshiz (January 27, 2008). 4792:from the original on August 2, 2022 4623: 4324:Hoffman, Bruce (October 10, 2023). 4317: 4286: 4255: 2442: 1752:Hamas violence against Palestinians 1710:Israel withdrew from the Gaza Strip 1402:British hegemony in the Middle East 1233:On October 7, 2023, Hamas launched 1211: 1077:List of Palestinian suicide attacks 341:, and later began to be settled by 85:Palestinian Liberation Organization 13: 7008:from the original on April 5, 2023 6761:from the original on March 6, 2008 6695:International Studies Perspectives 6366:from the original on March 3, 2017 6137:from the original on March 3, 2012 6102:Keinon, Herb (November 18, 2011). 6083:from the original on March 1, 2012 5880:"Terror attacks increased in 2013" 5778:Issam Aburaiya (October 3, 2006). 5047:. University of California Press. 4975: 4924: 4897: 4878: 4740:from the original on April 5, 2023 4714:B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities 4587: 4456: 4430: 4404: 4106: 4047: 4021: 3995: 3471:Hijacking of Air France Flight 139 3081:Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy 2780: 2542:and shootings of Israeli civilians 2365:Palestinian Popular Struggle Front 2323:Founded in 1969, first leader was 1957:. The number of attacks involving 1501:American Psychological Association 1447:. Minors were recruited to attack 1443:militant groups used children for 1159:in the 2006 Israel-Hezbollah war. 881:became subsumed by infighting and 770:Zion Square explosive refrigerator 628: 411:Israel's control of Gaza's borders 304:declaration of the state of Israel 16:Political violence by Palestinians 14: 7960: 7910: 7798:Milton-Edwards, Beverley (2008). 7648:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. 6946:"Violence among the Palestinians" 6674:from the original on June 3, 2012 6313:from the original on June 1, 2012 6283:from the original on May 31, 2012 5913:from the original on June 7, 2013 5905:Shimoni, Rebecca (May 28, 2013). 5585:from the original on May 31, 2012 5543:Philps, Alan (October 13, 2000). 5459:Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 4392:from the original on May 11, 2017 4380:Holly Fletcher (April 10, 2008). 2976:Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing 2677:was killed during that rebellion. 2403:Currently led by Jameel Shihadeh. 2268:Fatah - the Revolutionary Council 2182:Palestine Liberation Organization 2160:The Popular Resistance Committees 1727: 1619:, and by early 2009 major cities 1388:Involvement of women and children 963:Bus after 2003 terror bombing in 903:Bus after 1996 terror bombing in 545:Palestine Liberation Organization 51:refers to actions carried out by 7916: 7547: 7499: 7472: 7452:Marmari, Hanoch (June 6, 2002). 7445: 7415: 7387: 7290: 7263: 6996:Lohr, Steve (December 8, 1988). 6989: 6982:A bi-monthly publication of the 6978:. Leonie Schultens. April 2004. 6888: 6869: 6723: 6165:, Jerusalem Post, March 30, 2011 6129:ISI LEIBLER (January 31, 2012). 5647:Death toll rises in Egypt blasts 5431:Fatalities in the first Intifada 5406:Hirst, David (August 20, 2002). 4293:مصطفى, رامي (October 29, 2018). 3959:Martyrdom in Palestinian society 3930:Toulouse and Montauban shootings 3917: 3892: 3867: 3842: 3817: 3792: 3767: 3742: 3717: 3705: 3680: 3655: 3630: 3605: 3580: 3568: 3556: 3544: 3532: 3520: 3508: 3483: 3458: 3446: 3421: 3396: 3354: 3329: 3317: 3305: 3293: 3268: 3243: 3218: 3193: 3168: 3143: 3118: 3093: 3068: 3045: 2995: 2941:Maxim restaurant suicide bombing 2906:Jerusalem bus 19 suicide bombing 2789: 2219:until his assassination in 2001. 1829:Maxim restaurant suicide bombing 1478:United Nations Secretary-General 1461: 1356:as well as the attackers of the 798:1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon 647:, three planes were hijacked by 288:1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine 206: 7590:The Viability of Human Security 7580: 6500: 6474: 6456: 6430: 6347: 6325: 6295: 6269: 6243: 6217: 6195:"Palestinians get Saddam funds" 6168: 6149: 6122: 6095: 6069: 6038: 5982: 5925: 5898: 5822: 5628: 5399: 5299: 5261:"Profile: Who was Ziad Abu Ein" 5214: 4962: 4951: 4846: 4830: 4817: 4804: 4772: 4726: 4674: 4555: 4489: 4348: 3730:Rome and Vienna airport attacks 2911:Karkur junction suicide bombing 2591:Ellinikon International Airport 2460:Loosely organized Fatah militia 2009:Internal violence 2007–present 1348:in 2004 killing 16 people, the 1114:Palestinian Legislative Council 686:ensued, drawing involvement by 7939:Palestinian political violence 7663:de Waart, P. J. I. M. (1994). 7593:. Amsterdam University Press. 7509:. Maannews.net. Archived from 7479:Peter Cave (August 28, 2001). 7139:Palestinian Opinion Pulse 5/15 6730:Gaza's rocket threat to Israel 6440:. BBC News. November 3, 2004. 4142: 2505:Recently inactive (as of 2004) 2494:Fatah Special Operations Group 2353:and is opposed to Oslo Accords 2351:Palestinian National Authority 2255:Alliance of Palestinian Forces 1780:Freedom in the World 2001–2002 1604:and disruption of daily life. 1540:international humanitarian law 916:Palestinian National Authority 368:Palestinian National Authority 314:, 13,000 Palestinians and the 178:on Israeli urban centers. The 67:by Palestinian groups include 49:Palestinian political violence 1: 5992:. BBC News. October 7, 2023. 5348:Den Boer and de Wilde, 2008, 5255:Jibril prisoner exchange deal 4780:"Public Opinion Poll No (84)" 3989: 3964:Palestinian casualties of war 2085:Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades 1968: 1904:2009 Hamas political violence 1352:, the attack on the open-air 7923:Israeli-Palestinian conflict 7129:, PSR – Survey Research Unit 7110:, PSR – Survey Research Unit 7091:, PSR – Survey Research Unit 7072:, PSR – Survey Research Unit 6904:, Fox News December 31, 2008 6789:, Amnesty International 2009 6507:Max Fisher (July 17, 2014). 5379:, Ynet News February 7, 2008 4386:Council on Foreign Relations 4237:"Palestine National Charter" 4182:Palestinian National Charter 2881:Dizengoff Street bus bombing 2564:Black September Organization 2515:Extremist offshoot of Fatah. 2303:, re established in 1977 by 2151:, the Secretary General and 1965:grew by 42%, from 26 to 37. 1930:, as well as members of the 1877: 1804: 1112:Hamas won a majority in the 1070: 955:Palestinian suicide bombings 895:Palestinian suicide bombings 399:Israeli withdrawal from Gaza 61:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 7: 7866:Siniver, Asaf, ed. (2023). 7644:De Waal, Alexander (2004). 7623:Crotty, William J. (2005). 6819:Poll No. 13 – Press Release 6735:September 23, 2011, at the 6720:, BBC News January 18, 2009 6079:. JPost. January 30, 2012. 5839:, Ha'aretz January 13, 2009 5575:"Lynch mob's brutal attack" 5375:September 23, 2008, at the 4989:Alon, Hanan (August 1980). 4438:"Currently listed entities" 4382:"Palestinian Islamic Jihad" 4209:De Waal, Alexander (2004). 4178:. Referencing Article 9 of 4029:"Currently listed entities" 3937: 2981:Shawarma restaurant bombing 2921:Kiryat Menachem bus bombing 2856:2008 Dimona suicide bombing 2839:List of massacres in Israel 2600: 1990:Operation Pillar of Defense 1694:Operation Days of Penitence 1596:attacks on Israel from the 1205:, firearms and explosives. 943:Second Intifada (2000–2005) 802:Operation Peace for Galilee 553:Palestinian Liberation Army 419:Operation Pillar of Defense 393:led to the outbreak of the 358:, exploded, leading to the 343:Jewish and Israeli settlers 182:resulted in massacres, and 148:improvised explosive device 78:Palestinian right of return 10: 7965: 7781:Cambridge University Press 7705:Cambridge University Press 6951:February 11, 2003, at the 5652:November 13, 2017, at the 5192:"Tales of Black September" 5108:Fedayeen Attacks 1951–1956 5089:Remembrance Day Background 5042:September 4, 2006, at the 4944:, pp. 353, 359, 361; 4196:September 2, 2011, at the 3974:Zionist political violence 2896:Hebrew University massacre 2891:Har Nof synagogue massacre 2866:Avivim school bus massacre 2836: 2343:Palestinian branch of the 2317:Minor faction tied to the 2287:Palestine Liberation Front 2279:Arab and Israeli Terrorism 2184:(PLO) (founded June 1964) 1910:during and after the 2009 1821: 1766:magazine article reports: 1749: 1734:Palestinian stone-throwing 1731: 1571: 1515:Violence against civilians 1465: 1424: 1264:called on Palestinians to 1215: 1074: 1052: 1048:Operation Defensive Shield 1007:lynched two non-combatant 993: 952: 946: 892: 860:Tel Aviv Jerusalem bus 405 852:Palestinian suicide attack 812:First Intifada (1987–1993) 778:Avivim school bus massacre 632: 501: 362:, and subsequently to the 197: 7872:. Abingdon and New York: 7777:Islam and Suicide Attacks 7775:Nanninga, Pieter (2019). 7394:Yonah, Alexander (2002). 7125:October 19, 2004, at the 6805:January 29, 2017, at the 6785:January 12, 2012, at the 6337:October 20, 2015, at the 6161:January 17, 2012, at the 5835:October 23, 2012, at the 5690:January 19, 2014, at the 5515: 5514:Vadim Nurzhitz, Russian: 5471:10.1080/10576100500496998 5094:October 24, 2014, at the 5019:Morris, 1997, pp. 86–89. 4972:, Routledge, 2013 p. 38. 4483:January 21, 2013, at the 4359:. Brill. pp. 3, 29. 4355:Yonah, Alexander (2002). 4074:January 21, 2013, at the 3984:Israeli casualties of war 3434:1975 Orly Airport attacks 3231:Hellinikon Airport attack 2609:(PFLP-GC) (founded 1968) 2571:Black September in Jordan 2467:until his arrest in 2002. 2259:Declaration of Principles 2224:Abu Ali Mustapha Brigades 2118:Palestinian Islamic Jihad 2057: 1698:2006 Israel-Gaza conflict 1554:, stating that since the 1417:militant Yasir al-Bireh. 937:Dizengoff Center massacre 924:Palestinian Islamic Jihad 856:Palestinian Islamic Jihad 671:. Then on September 9, a 645:Dawson's Field hijackings 635:Black September in Jordan 567:Six-Day War and aftermath 374:in 3% (later 17%) of the 360:Madrid Conference of 1991 268:Mandate for Great Britain 215:This section needs to be 109:Palestinian Islamic Jihad 7817:Moghadam, Assaf (2003). 7608:Cohen, Shuki J. (2016). 7533:"The Fatah Constitution" 7216:January 3, 2013, at the 7190:Victoroff et al., 2006, 7144:October 4, 2009, at the 5551:. London. Archived from 5077:A Soldier with the Arabs 4942:Kliot & Charney 2006 4841:La Question de Palestine 4767:New York Review of Books 4719:October 8, 2011, at the 4466:(11, Schedule 2). 2000. 4215:. C. Hurst. p. 22. 4057:(11, Schedule 2). 2000. 3979:Israeli settler violence 3618:1978 Orly Airport attack 2641:who are affiliated with 2554:Offshoot of this group, 2548:Funded by Fatah and the 2454:Means "organization" in 1568:Rocket attacks on Israel 1523:Qassam rockets fired at 1435:, especially during the 1350:Stage night club bombing 1303:The United Nations body 914:and the creation of the 877:During this period, the 758:Munich Olympics massacre 538:A Soldier with the Arabs 488:Grand Mufti of Jerusalem 180:October 7, 2023, attacks 7722:Kapitan, Tomis (1997). 7697:Hoffman, Bruce (2017). 7197:April 10, 2023, at the 7106:March 29, 2009, at the 7087:March 10, 2009, at the 7082:Public Opinion Poll # 4 7063:Public Opinion Poll # 2 6900:March 24, 2009, at the 6885:, Haaretz April 7, 2011 6180:August 9, 2012, at the 5671:March 18, 2017, at the 5450:Harrison, Mark (2006). 5136:April 10, 2023, at the 4907:Gupta & Mundra 2005 4827:, Routledge, 2004, p.9. 3755:Achille Lauro hijacking 3668:Paris synagogue bombing 3496:Yeşilköy airport attack 3409:Japanese Embassy attack 3384:TWA Flight 841 crashing 3058:El Al Flight 253 attack 2931:Ma'ale Akrabim massacre 2901:Jaffa Road bus bombings 2761:Abu al-Walid al-Maqdisi 2654:Abdullah Azzam Brigades 2534:Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigade 2511:Ahmed Abu Reish Brigade 2415:Palestinian nationalist 2292:Minor Left wing faction 2096:the 2007 Battle of Gaza 2076:as an outgrowth of the 1702:Operation Autumn Clouds 1650:by human rights groups 872:Mehola Junction bombing 837:Palestinian territories 347:military administration 331:Palestinian territories 259:In protest against the 160:vehicle-ramming attacks 132:Palestinian territories 117:terrorist organizations 63:. Common objectives of 7832:Morris, Benny (1997). 7667:. Brill. p. 223. 7351:March 4, 2016, at the 7332:June 28, 2011, at the 7252:April 7, 2015, at the 7038:Arab Studies Quarterly 6862:March 7, 2012, at the 6843:March 7, 2012, at the 6824:March 7, 2012, at the 6739:, BBC January 21, 2008 6711:Q&A: Gaza conflict 5370:Why were we surprised? 5355:April 5, 2023, at the 5335:April 5, 2023, at the 5292:April 5, 2023, at the 5129:Milton-Edwards, 2008, 5113:July 15, 2015, at the 4668:June 14, 2011, at the 4239:. 1968. Archived from 4174:April 5, 2023, at the 3780:Larnaca yacht killings 3131:1970 Munich bus attack 2851:2000 Ramallah lynching 2528:Led by Ahmed Abu Reish 2411:(founded early 1960s) 2379:Palestinian Arab Front 2270:(FRC), (founded 1974) 2243:(DFLP) (founded 1969) 2208:(PFLP) (founded 1967) 2199: 2129:Egyptian Islamic Jihad 2120:(PIJ) (founded 1970s) 1887: 1787: 1774:... According to 1666: 1583: 1565: 1548: 1527: 1406:Palestinian Arab Party 1397: 1368:Palestinian President 1346:two buses in Beersheba 1283:Fogel family in Itamar 1276:Government involvement 1266:evacuate northern Gaza 1230: 1101: 1097:rocket fired from the 996:2000 Ramallah lynching 967: 907: 879:Abu Nidal Organization 825: 753: 610: 581: 256: 248: 45: 30: 7304:. November 20, 2012. 7274:. Timesofisrael.com. 7148:, December 2004, p. 7 7068:May 10, 2011, at the 6974:June 6, 2004, at the 6881:May 13, 2011, at the 6716:July 5, 2014, at the 6470:on September 6, 2009. 6279:. BBC. May 31, 2012. 5909:. Timesofisrael.com. 5882:. Timesofisrael.com. 5436:June 3, 2012, at the 5408:"Obituary: Abu Nidal" 5311:June 6, 2007, at the 4763:"The Suicide Bombers" 4155:May 25, 2019, at the 3830:1990 Cairo bus attack 2988:International attacks 2946:Mercaz HaRav massacre 2916:Kfar Darom bus attack 2876:Coastal Road massacre 2550:Palestinian Authority 2538:Responsible for many 2312:Arab Liberation Front 2228:Jihad Jibril Brigades 2018:Battle of Gaza (2007) 1928:Israel Defense Forces 1897:Mercaz HaRav massacre 1885: 1856:mortar rocket attacks 1797:Palestinian attitudes 1768: 1664: 1652:Amnesty International 1581: 1561: 1544: 1522: 1505:female suicide bomber 1456:Amnesty International 1433:Arab–Israeli conflict 1421:Child suicide bombers 1395: 1318:Coastal Road Massacre 1225: 1118:Palestinian Authority 1093:after being hit by a 1088: 1016:Palestinian Authority 1009:Israel Defense Forces 962: 953:Further information: 902: 893:Further information: 819: 774:Coastal Road massacre 751:Coastal Road massacre 748: 703:Black September group 597: 570: 518:Operation Black Arrow 300:Palestinian Civil War 254: 246: 74:Palestinian prisoners 40:' military wing, the 36: 24: 7949:Gaza–Israel conflict 7925:at Wikimedia Commons 7398:. Brill. p. 3. 7120:Results of Poll # 13 6484:. November 8, 2007. 6022:. October 15, 2023. 5852:. January 14, 2009. 5792:on November 4, 2003. 5581:. October 13, 2000. 4917:, pp. 159–160; 4862:. January 14, 2004. 3880:2002 Mombasa attacks 3593:Lufthansa Flight 181 3181:Lufthansa Flight 649 3009:adding missing items 2951:Night of the Gliders 2926:Lod Airport massacre 2846:1979 Nahariya attack 2721:Abu Youssef Sharqieh 2257:(APF) to oppose the 2144:(Jerusalem brigades) 1918:, and executions of 1706:Operation Hot Winter 1602:psychological trauma 1552:Occupied Territories 1491:Involvement of women 1018:-controlled city of 980:1949 Armistice lines 659:that were landed in 526:Palestinian fedayeen 407:Palestinian rocketry 335:occupied from Jordan 329:, and the remaining 284:1929 Palestine riots 276:1920 Nebi Musa riots 239:Overview and context 7836:. Clarendon Press. 7756:Maoz, Zeev (2009). 7543:on August 18, 2010. 7513:on January 10, 2011 7429:. August 27, 2001. 7229:Khaled Abu Toameh, 6670:. January 1, 2011. 6583:The Daily Telegraph 6344:17 September 201\5. 6342:The Times of Israel 6231:on October 20, 2012 6110:on January 30, 2012 5755:. October 3, 2006. 5726:on November 5, 2012 5555:on October 14, 2017 5549:The Daily Telegraph 5226:The Times of Israel 5172:. Doubleday. 1998. 4769:, January 16, 2003. 4611:on February 5, 2009 4130:on February 5, 2009 3905:2004 Sinai bombings 3805:EgyptAir Flight 648 3106:Swissair Flight 330 2719:The group's leader 2673:The group's leader 2623:Al-Qaeda associates 2475:(early 1970s–2007) 2345:Syrian Ba'ath Party 2171:Jamal Abu Samhadana 2169:Founded in 2000 by 2068:Founded in 1987 by 1977: 1811:Al-Azhar University 1439:from 2000 to 2005, 1342:Cafe Hillel bombing 1239:Gaza–Israel barrier 1055:2004 Sinai bombings 667:that was landed in 613:In the wake of the 578:Yasser Arafat, 1970 442:Balfour Declaration 378:, and parts of the 261:Balfour Declaration 44:, on parade in 2011 27:military volunteers 7002:The New York Times 6615:on March 14, 2008. 6201:. March 13, 2003. 5907:"Hamas Kidnapping" 5526:; Yossi Avrahami, 4894:, pp. 159–160 4464:Terrorism Act 2000 4055:Terrorism Act 2000 3007:; you can help by 2971:Savoy Hotel Attack 2861:2011 Itamar attack 2818:clean up the lists 2675:Abdel Latif Moussa 2666:Abdel Latif Moussa 2319:Iraqi Ba'ath Party 2295:Founded in 196 by 2222:Armed wing is the 2140:Armed wing is the 2083:Armed wing is the 2078:Muslim Brotherhood 1976: 1936:Human Rights Watch 1906:took place in the 1888: 1667: 1656:Human Rights Watch 1584: 1528: 1398: 1231: 1195:Gaza War (2008–09) 1102: 1000:In October 2000 a 984:Israeli checkpoint 968: 908: 826: 766:Savoy Hotel attack 754: 733:between Christian 727:Lebanese Civil War 696:United States Navy 611: 370:(PNA) to exercise 302:broke out. On the 257: 249: 138:, boat hijacking, 107:Organization, the 69:self-determination 65:political violence 46: 42:Al-Qassam Brigades 31: 7921:Media related to 7902:978-1-58603-670-6 7883:978-1-032-24901-8 7843:978-0-19-829262-3 7809:978-0-415-41043-4 7790:978-1-108-71265-1 7767:978-0-472-03341-6 7733:978-1-56324-878-8 7714:978-0-231-54489-4 7674:978-90-04-09825-1 7655:978-1-85065-730-9 7636:978-1-55553-625-1 7600:978-90-5356-796-8 6955:. By Erika Waak. 6927:on April 25, 2012 6551:978-1-55553-625-1 6051:Colorado Newsline 5394:978-1-58574-749-8 5178:978-0-385-40401-3 5170:Israel: a history 5073:Glubb, John Bagot 5053:978-0-520-21154-4 5032:Benvenisti, Meron 4222:978-1-85065-730-9 3954:Islamic terrorism 3935: 3934: 3643:London bus attack 3379:Mediterranean Sea 3025: 3024: 2966:Sabena Flight 571 2961:Pi Glilot bombing 2956:Passover massacre 2871:Beit Lid massacre 2835: 2834: 2775:Sabireen Movement 2769:Sabireen Movement 2631:(Jaysh al-Islam) 2433:Currently led by 2329:Currently led by 2232:Currently led by 2190:Currently led by 2147:Currently led by 2105:Currently led by 2055: 2054: 1955:molotov cocktails 1836:firing of rockets 1746:Internal violence 1690:Operation Rainbow 1476:According to the 1228:Nahal Oz massacre 1203:Molotov cocktails 1168:anti-tank rockets 1104:In the mid-2000s 1040:Passover Massacre 990:Ramallah lynching 933:Beit Lid massacre 845:molotov cocktails 762:Entebbe Operation 742:million wounded. 601:, founder of the 391:Palestinian state 265:League of Nations 236: 235: 144:improvised weapon 7956: 7920: 7906: 7887: 7862: 7858:Deviant Behavior 7847: 7828: 7813: 7794: 7771: 7752: 7737: 7718: 7700:Inside Terrorism 7693: 7678: 7659: 7640: 7619: 7604: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7551: 7545: 7544: 7539:. Archived from 7529: 7523: 7522: 7520: 7518: 7503: 7497: 7496: 7494: 7492: 7476: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7465: 7449: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7419: 7413: 7412: 7391: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7380: 7365: 7356: 7343: 7337: 7324: 7318: 7317: 7315: 7313: 7294: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7283: 7267: 7261: 7244: 7238: 7227: 7221: 7208: 7202: 7188: 7182: 7181: 7179: 7177: 7163: 7155: 7149: 7136: 7130: 7117: 7111: 7098: 7092: 7079: 7073: 7060: 7054: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7029: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7013: 6993: 6987: 6966: 6960: 6943: 6937: 6936: 6934: 6932: 6923:. Archived from 6911: 6905: 6892: 6886: 6873: 6867: 6854: 6848: 6835: 6829: 6816: 6810: 6809:, March 19, 2008 6796: 6790: 6777: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6766: 6746: 6740: 6727: 6721: 6708: 6699: 6698: 6690: 6684: 6683: 6681: 6679: 6658: 6649: 6648: 6646: 6644: 6635:. Archived from 6623: 6617: 6616: 6611:. Archived from 6605: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6574: 6568: 6567: 6565: 6563: 6535: 6529: 6528: 6526: 6524: 6504: 6498: 6497: 6495: 6493: 6478: 6472: 6471: 6460: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6434: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6408: 6402: 6397:David M. Rosen, 6395: 6389: 6384:David M. Rosen, 6382: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6351: 6345: 6329: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6318: 6299: 6293: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6273: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6262: 6247: 6241: 6240: 6238: 6236: 6221: 6215: 6214: 6212: 6210: 6191: 6185: 6172: 6166: 6153: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6142: 6126: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6088: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6042: 6036: 6035: 6033: 6031: 6012: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5986: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5975: 5959: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5929: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5902: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5891: 5875: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5846: 5840: 5826: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5800: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5785:. Archived from 5784: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5764: 5745: 5736: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5720:Associated Press 5706: 5700: 5682: 5676: 5663: 5657: 5644: 5638: 5632: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5601: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5571: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5525: 5517: 5512: 5506: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5495: 5456: 5447: 5441: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5403: 5397: 5386: 5380: 5366: 5360: 5346: 5340: 5326: 5320: 5303: 5297: 5283: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5248: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5218: 5212: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5187: 5181: 5180:. (p. 418, 1970) 5163: 5157: 5150: 5141: 5127: 5118: 5105: 5099: 5086: 5080: 5070: 5064: 5061: 5055: 5029: 5020: 5017: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5006: 4986: 4973: 4966: 4960: 4955: 4949: 4931: 4922: 4904: 4895: 4885: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4850: 4844: 4834: 4828: 4821: 4815: 4810:Devorah Hakohen, 4808: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4788:. July 6, 2022. 4776: 4770: 4759:Avishai Margalit 4756: 4750: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4730: 4724: 4711: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4678: 4672: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4634: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4610: 4604:. Archived from 4599: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4574: 4567: 4559: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4533: 4527: 4526: 4520: 4518: 4512: 4501: 4493: 4487: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4408: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4352: 4346: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4290: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4259: 4253: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4206: 4200: 4190:has a copy here 4167:de Waart, 1994, 4165: 4159: 4146: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4129: 4123:. Archived from 4118: 4110: 4104: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4084: 4078: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4025: 4019: 4018: 4016: 4014: 3999: 3923: 3921: 3920: 3898: 3896: 3895: 3873: 3871: 3870: 3848: 3846: 3845: 3823: 3821: 3820: 3798: 3796: 3795: 3773: 3771: 3770: 3748: 3746: 3745: 3723: 3721: 3720: 3711: 3709: 3708: 3686: 3684: 3683: 3661: 3659: 3658: 3636: 3634: 3633: 3611: 3609: 3608: 3586: 3584: 3583: 3574: 3572: 3571: 3562: 3560: 3559: 3550: 3548: 3547: 3538: 3536: 3535: 3526: 3524: 3523: 3514: 3512: 3511: 3489: 3487: 3486: 3464: 3462: 3461: 3452: 3450: 3449: 3427: 3425: 3424: 3402: 3400: 3399: 3360: 3358: 3357: 3335: 3333: 3332: 3323: 3321: 3320: 3311: 3309: 3308: 3299: 3297: 3296: 3274: 3272: 3271: 3249: 3247: 3246: 3224: 3222: 3221: 3199: 3197: 3196: 3174: 3172: 3171: 3149: 3147: 3146: 3124: 3122: 3121: 3099: 3097: 3096: 3074: 3072: 3071: 3051: 3049: 3048: 3027: 3026: 3020: 3017: 2999: 2998: 2992: 2936:Ma'alot massacre 2830: 2827: 2821: 2793: 2792: 2785: 2703:Abu Mohamad Awad 2659:Jund Ansar Allah 2540:suicide bombings 2465:Marwan Barghouti 2443:Fatah associates 2388:Arab Nationalist 2247:Marxist-Leninist 2217:Abu Ali Mustapha 2153:Abd Al Aziz Awda 2142:Al-Quds Brigades 2048:War of the Camps 1978: 1975: 1864:Al-Aqsa Intifada 1860:suicide bombings 1846:A report by the 1686:Israeli military 1627:had been hit by 1445:suicide bombings 1412:As a youngster, 1328:, the leader of 1243:a music festival 1237:, breaching the 1218:Israel–Hamas war 1212:Israel-Hamas war 1127:in 2005 and the 972:suicide bombings 870:carried out the 834:Israeli occupied 579: 530:John Bagot Glubb 460:war of attrition 395:Al Aqsa Intifada 384:suicide bombings 372:limited autonomy 308:a full-scale war 306:, May 15, 1948, 231: 228: 222: 210: 209: 202: 192:Al Aqsa Intifada 168:suicide bombings 7964: 7963: 7959: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7954: 7953: 7929: 7928: 7913: 7903: 7884: 7844: 7810: 7791: 7768: 7734: 7715: 7675: 7656: 7637: 7601: 7583: 7578: 7568: 7566: 7561:. May 3, 2021. 7553: 7552: 7548: 7531: 7530: 7526: 7516: 7514: 7505: 7504: 7500: 7490: 7488: 7477: 7473: 7463: 7461: 7450: 7446: 7436: 7434: 7421: 7420: 7416: 7406: 7392: 7388: 7378: 7376: 7367: 7366: 7359: 7353:Wayback Machine 7344: 7340: 7334:Wayback Machine 7325: 7321: 7311: 7309: 7296: 7295: 7291: 7281: 7279: 7268: 7264: 7254:Wayback Machine 7245: 7241: 7228: 7224: 7218:Wayback Machine 7209: 7205: 7199:Wayback Machine 7189: 7185: 7175: 7173: 7161: 7157: 7156: 7152: 7146:Wayback Machine 7137: 7133: 7127:Wayback Machine 7118: 7114: 7108:Wayback Machine 7099: 7095: 7089:Wayback Machine 7080: 7076: 7070:Wayback Machine 7061: 7057: 7047: 7045: 7030: 7021: 7011: 7009: 6994: 6990: 6976:Wayback Machine 6967: 6963: 6953:Wayback Machine 6944: 6940: 6930: 6928: 6913: 6912: 6908: 6902:Wayback Machine 6893: 6889: 6883:Wayback Machine 6874: 6870: 6864:Wayback Machine 6855: 6851: 6845:Wayback Machine 6836: 6832: 6826:Wayback Machine 6817: 6813: 6807:Wayback Machine 6798:Ethan Bronner, 6797: 6793: 6787:Wayback Machine 6778: 6774: 6764: 6762: 6747: 6743: 6737:Wayback Machine 6728: 6724: 6718:Wayback Machine 6709: 6702: 6691: 6687: 6677: 6675: 6660: 6659: 6652: 6642: 6640: 6639:on May 15, 2012 6625: 6624: 6620: 6607: 6606: 6602: 6592: 6590: 6575: 6571: 6561: 6559: 6552: 6536: 6532: 6522: 6520: 6505: 6501: 6491: 6489: 6480: 6479: 6475: 6462: 6461: 6457: 6447: 6445: 6436: 6435: 6431: 6421: 6419: 6410: 6409: 6405: 6396: 6392: 6383: 6379: 6369: 6367: 6352: 6348: 6339:Wayback Machine 6330: 6326: 6316: 6314: 6301: 6300: 6296: 6286: 6284: 6275: 6274: 6270: 6260: 6258: 6249: 6248: 6244: 6234: 6232: 6223: 6222: 6218: 6208: 6206: 6193: 6192: 6188: 6182:Wayback Machine 6173: 6169: 6163:Wayback Machine 6154: 6150: 6140: 6138: 6127: 6123: 6113: 6111: 6100: 6096: 6086: 6084: 6075: 6074: 6070: 6060: 6058: 6043: 6039: 6029: 6027: 6014: 6013: 6009: 5999: 5997: 5988: 5987: 5983: 5973: 5971: 5960: 5953: 5943: 5941: 5930: 5926: 5916: 5914: 5903: 5899: 5889: 5887: 5876: 5869: 5859: 5857: 5848: 5847: 5843: 5837:Wayback Machine 5827: 5823: 5813: 5811: 5802: 5801: 5797: 5789: 5782: 5776: 5772: 5762: 5760: 5747: 5746: 5739: 5729: 5727: 5708: 5707: 5703: 5692:Wayback Machine 5683: 5679: 5673:Wayback Machine 5664: 5660: 5654:Wayback Machine 5645: 5641: 5633: 5629: 5619: 5617: 5610:The Independent 5602: 5598: 5588: 5586: 5573: 5572: 5568: 5558: 5556: 5541: 5537: 5513: 5509: 5499: 5497: 5493: 5454: 5448: 5444: 5438:Wayback Machine 5429: 5425: 5404: 5400: 5387: 5383: 5377:Wayback Machine 5367: 5363: 5357:Wayback Machine 5347: 5343: 5337:Wayback Machine 5327: 5323: 5313:Wayback Machine 5304: 5300: 5294:Wayback Machine 5284: 5280: 5270: 5268: 5249: 5245: 5235: 5233: 5220: 5219: 5215: 5205: 5203: 5188: 5184: 5166:Gilbert, Martin 5164: 5160: 5152:Kapitan, 1997, 5151: 5144: 5138:Wayback Machine 5128: 5121: 5115:Wayback Machine 5106: 5102: 5096:Wayback Machine 5087: 5083: 5071: 5067: 5062: 5058: 5044:Wayback Machine 5030: 5023: 5018: 5014: 5004: 5002: 4987: 4976: 4967: 4963: 4956: 4952: 4940:, p. 419; 4932: 4925: 4909:, p. 578; 4905: 4898: 4890:, p. 279; 4886: 4879: 4869: 4867: 4859:TheGuardian.com 4852: 4851: 4847: 4835: 4831: 4822: 4818: 4809: 4805: 4795: 4793: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4757: 4753: 4743: 4741: 4732: 4731: 4727: 4721:Wayback Machine 4712: 4701: 4691: 4689: 4680: 4679: 4675: 4670:Wayback Machine 4661: 4657: 4647: 4645: 4636: 4635: 4624: 4614: 4612: 4608: 4597: 4593: 4592: 4588: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4565: 4561: 4560: 4556: 4546: 4544: 4535: 4534: 4530: 4516: 4514: 4510: 4499: 4495: 4494: 4490: 4485:Wayback Machine 4473: 4471: 4462: 4461: 4457: 4447: 4445: 4436: 4435: 4431: 4421: 4419: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4395: 4393: 4378: 4374: 4367: 4353: 4349: 4339: 4337: 4322: 4318: 4308: 4306: 4291: 4287: 4277: 4275: 4260: 4256: 4246: 4244: 4243:on May 14, 2012 4235: 4234: 4230: 4223: 4207: 4203: 4198:Wayback Machine 4176:Wayback Machine 4166: 4162: 4157:Wayback Machine 4147: 4143: 4133: 4131: 4127: 4116: 4112: 4111: 4107: 4097: 4095: 4086: 4085: 4081: 4076:Wayback Machine 4064: 4062: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4038: 4036: 4027: 4026: 4022: 4012: 4010: 4001: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3940: 3918: 3916: 3893: 3891: 3868: 3866: 3843: 3841: 3818: 3816: 3793: 3791: 3768: 3766: 3743: 3741: 3718: 3716: 3706: 3704: 3693:Antwerp bombing 3681: 3679: 3656: 3654: 3631: 3629: 3606: 3604: 3581: 3579: 3569: 3567: 3557: 3555: 3545: 3543: 3533: 3531: 3521: 3519: 3509: 3507: 3484: 3482: 3459: 3457: 3447: 3445: 3422: 3420: 3397: 3395: 3355: 3353: 3330: 3328: 3318: 3316: 3306: 3304: 3294: 3292: 3269: 3267: 3244: 3242: 3219: 3217: 3194: 3192: 3169: 3167: 3156:Munich massacre 3144: 3142: 3119: 3117: 3094: 3092: 3069: 3067: 3046: 3044: 3021: 3015: 3012: 2996: 2990: 2985: 2841: 2831: 2825: 2822: 2815: 2794: 2790: 2783: 2781:Notable attacks 2771: 2697:Shaker al-Abssi 2625: 2603: 2578:Munich massacre 2451:(founded 1995) 2445: 2417:political party 2202: 2149:Ramadan Shallah 2127:as a branch of 2094:and won. After 2060: 2028:Second Intifada 1971: 1880: 1824: 1807: 1799: 1754: 1748: 1736: 1730: 1718:suicide bombing 1576: 1570: 1517: 1493: 1474: 1466:Main articles: 1464: 1437:Second Intifada 1431:As part of the 1429: 1423: 1390: 1374:Haram al Sharif 1322:Munich massacre 1297:Itamar massacre 1278: 1220: 1214: 1162:Hamas has used 1083: 1073: 1057: 1032: 998: 992: 957: 951: 949:Second Intifada 945: 897: 891: 864:suicide bombing 814: 786:Nahariya attack 782:Maalot massacre 719: 684:Black September 637: 631: 629:Black September 607:Black September 580: 577: 569: 516:After Israel's 506: 500: 438: 417:of 2008–09 and 241: 232: 226: 223: 220: 211: 207: 200: 172:Second Intifada 156:shooting sprees 136:plane hijacking 99:(PFLP-GC), the 17: 12: 11: 5: 7962: 7952: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7927: 7926: 7912: 7911:External links 7909: 7908: 7907: 7901: 7888: 7882: 7863: 7861:(24): 405–423. 7848: 7842: 7829: 7814: 7808: 7795: 7789: 7772: 7766: 7753: 7751:(66): 353–373. 7738: 7732: 7719: 7713: 7694: 7692:(17): 573–598. 7679: 7673: 7660: 7654: 7641: 7635: 7620: 7618:(39): 749–780. 7605: 7599: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7576: 7546: 7524: 7498: 7471: 7444: 7414: 7404: 7386: 7357: 7338: 7319: 7289: 7262: 7260:April 20, 2009 7239: 7237:April 20, 2009 7235:Jerusalem Post 7222: 7203: 7183: 7150: 7131: 7112: 7093: 7074: 7055: 7019: 6988: 6961: 6938: 6906: 6887: 6868: 6849: 6830: 6811: 6791: 6772: 6741: 6722: 6700: 6685: 6650: 6618: 6600: 6569: 6550: 6530: 6499: 6473: 6455: 6429: 6403: 6390: 6377: 6346: 6324: 6294: 6268: 6242: 6216: 6186: 6167: 6148: 6121: 6094: 6068: 6037: 6007: 5981: 5951: 5924: 5897: 5867: 5841: 5821: 5795: 5770: 5737: 5701: 5677: 5658: 5639: 5627: 5596: 5566: 5535: 5507: 5465:(2): 187–206. 5442: 5423: 5398: 5381: 5361: 5341: 5321: 5298: 5285:Crotty, 2005, 5278: 5243: 5213: 5182: 5158: 5142: 5119: 5100: 5081: 5065: 5056: 5021: 5012: 4974: 4968:Nancy Hawker, 4961: 4950: 4936:, p. 65; 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The rise of 356:First Intifada 240: 237: 234: 233: 214: 212: 205: 199: 196: 184:hostage-taking 176:rocket attacks 125:European Union 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7961: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7936: 7934: 7924: 7919: 7915: 7914: 7904: 7898: 7894: 7889: 7885: 7879: 7875: 7871: 7870: 7864: 7860: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7845: 7839: 7835: 7830: 7826: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7811: 7805: 7801: 7796: 7792: 7786: 7782: 7778: 7773: 7769: 7763: 7759: 7754: 7750: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7735: 7729: 7725: 7720: 7716: 7710: 7706: 7702: 7701: 7695: 7691: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7676: 7670: 7666: 7661: 7657: 7651: 7647: 7642: 7638: 7632: 7628: 7627: 7621: 7617: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7602: 7596: 7592: 7591: 7585: 7584: 7564: 7560: 7556: 7550: 7542: 7538: 7537:www.ipcri.org 7534: 7528: 7512: 7508: 7502: 7486: 7482: 7475: 7459: 7455: 7448: 7432: 7428: 7424: 7418: 7411: 7407: 7405:9781571052476 7401: 7397: 7390: 7374: 7370: 7364: 7362: 7354: 7350: 7347: 7342: 7335: 7331: 7328: 7323: 7307: 7303: 7299: 7293: 7277: 7273: 7266: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7248: 7243: 7236: 7232: 7226: 7219: 7215: 7212: 7207: 7200: 7196: 7193: 7187: 7171: 7167: 7160: 7154: 7147: 7143: 7140: 7135: 7128: 7124: 7121: 7116: 7109: 7105: 7102: 7097: 7090: 7086: 7083: 7078: 7071: 7067: 7064: 7059: 7048:September 14, 7043: 7039: 7035: 7028: 7026: 7024: 7007: 7003: 6999: 6992: 6985: 6981: 6977: 6973: 6970: 6965: 6959:Jan–Feb 2003. 6958: 6954: 6950: 6947: 6942: 6926: 6922: 6921: 6916: 6910: 6903: 6899: 6896: 6891: 6884: 6880: 6877: 6872: 6865: 6861: 6858: 6853: 6846: 6842: 6839: 6834: 6827: 6823: 6820: 6815: 6808: 6804: 6801: 6795: 6788: 6784: 6781: 6776: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6745: 6738: 6734: 6731: 6726: 6719: 6715: 6712: 6707: 6705: 6696: 6689: 6673: 6669: 6668: 6663: 6657: 6655: 6638: 6634: 6633: 6628: 6622: 6614: 6610: 6604: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6573: 6557: 6553: 6547: 6543: 6542: 6534: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6503: 6487: 6483: 6477: 6469: 6465: 6459: 6443: 6439: 6433: 6417: 6413: 6407: 6400: 6394: 6387: 6381: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6350: 6343: 6340: 6336: 6333: 6328: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6298: 6282: 6278: 6272: 6256: 6252: 6246: 6230: 6226: 6220: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6190: 6183: 6179: 6176: 6171: 6164: 6160: 6157: 6152: 6136: 6132: 6125: 6109: 6105: 6098: 6082: 6078: 6072: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6041: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6011: 5995: 5991: 5985: 5969: 5965: 5958: 5956: 5939: 5935: 5928: 5912: 5908: 5901: 5885: 5881: 5874: 5872: 5855: 5851: 5845: 5838: 5834: 5831: 5825: 5809: 5805: 5799: 5788: 5781: 5774: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5744: 5742: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5716: 5711: 5705: 5698: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5686: 5681: 5674: 5670: 5667: 5662: 5655: 5651: 5648: 5643: 5636: 5631: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5600: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5570: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5539: 5529: 5524:ואדים נורז'יץ 5521: 5511: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5453: 5446: 5439: 5435: 5432: 5427: 5419: 5415: 5414: 5409: 5402: 5395: 5391: 5385: 5378: 5374: 5371: 5365: 5358: 5354: 5351: 5345: 5338: 5334: 5331: 5325: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5307: 5302: 5295: 5291: 5288: 5282: 5266: 5262: 5256: 5252: 5247: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5217: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5186: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5162: 5155: 5149: 5147: 5139: 5135: 5132: 5126: 5124: 5116: 5112: 5109: 5104: 5097: 5093: 5090: 5085: 5078: 5074: 5069: 5060: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5045: 5041: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5026: 5016: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4971: 4965: 4959: 4954: 4948:, p. 753 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4934:Moghadam 2003 4930: 4928: 4921:, p. 279 4920: 4916: 4913:, p. 7; 4912: 4911:Nanninga 2019 4908: 4903: 4901: 4893: 4889: 4884: 4882: 4865: 4861: 4860: 4855: 4849: 4842: 4838: 4837:Henry Laurens 4833: 4826: 4820: 4813: 4807: 4791: 4787: 4786: 4781: 4775: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4755: 4739: 4735: 4729: 4722: 4718: 4715: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4687: 4683: 4677: 4671: 4667: 4664: 4659: 4643: 4639: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4607: 4603: 4596: 4590: 4571: 4564: 4558: 4542: 4538: 4532: 4525: 4509: 4505: 4498: 4492: 4486: 4482: 4469: 4465: 4459: 4443: 4439: 4433: 4417: 4414:. 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2809: 2807: 2803: 2798:This article 2796: 2787: 2786: 2778: 2776: 2762: 2758: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2747: 2744: 2743:Mahmoud Taleb 2740: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2729: 2725: 2722: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2694: 2691: 2687: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2676: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2633: 2632: 2630: 2629:Army of Islam 2627: 2626: 2615: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2604: 2592: 2588: 2586: 2582: 2579: 2575: 2572: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2557: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2537: 2536: 2535: 2532: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2512: 2509: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2466: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2453: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2446: 2436: 2435:Mahmoud Abbas 2432: 2429: 2428:Yasser Arafat 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2389: 2385: 2384: 2383: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2326: 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1857: 1853: 1849: 1844: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1830: 1819: 1815: 1812: 1802: 1794: 1792: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1777: 1776:Freedom House 1772: 1767: 1765: 1760: 1758: 1753: 1743: 1741: 1735: 1725: 1723: 1719: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1682:Gaza blockade 1678: 1676: 1672: 1663: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1588: 1580: 1575: 1564: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1547: 1543: 1541: 1535: 1533: 1530:According to 1526: 1521: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1479: 1473: 1469: 1462:Human shields 1459: 1457: 1454:According to 1452: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1428: 1418: 1415: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1394: 1385: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1370:Mahmoud Abbas 1366: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1354:Hadera market 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1309: 1306: 1301: 1298: 1293: 1290: 1286: 1284: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1198: 1196: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1158: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1145:Grad missiles 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1078: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1056: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1003: 997: 987: 985: 981: 977: 973: 966: 961: 956: 950: 940: 938: 934: 929: 928: 925: 921: 917: 913: 906: 901: 896: 886: 884: 880: 875: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 848: 846: 842: 838: 835: 831: 823: 818: 809: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 780:in 1970, the 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 752: 747: 743: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 714: 712: 708: 704: 699: 697: 693: 689: 685: 680: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 636: 626: 624: 623:George Habash 620: 616: 608: 604: 600: 599:George Habash 596: 592: 590: 586: 574: 564: 562: 561:Yasser Arafat 558: 554: 550: 546: 541: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 514: 510: 505: 495: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 463: 461: 456: 452: 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