Self-determination

5513: 7533:"External" self-determination refers to a people's right to form its own political entity, and "internal" self-determination refers to the right to have a representative government with effective participation in the political process...The right to self-determination was at first limited to colonial territories' right to external self-determination. The right was made secondary to territorial integrity and national unity, effective "locking" colonial boundaries. In 1970, the right to self-determination was expanded to apply beyond colonial situations. This declaration linked self-determination's internal and external aspects by suggesting that a racial or religious group denied equal participation in the political process would be entitled to external self-determination, voiding the principle that territorial integrity or national unity should not be threatened in extreme cases. The Vienna Declaration (1993) broaded this argument to include ethnic groups denied effective political participation. While representation and effective participation is usually enough to satisfy a people's right to self-determination, a people may have the right to external self-determination when those conditions are not met. 5398:

also accepted and catalogued as "other answers" instead as null votes. The turnout in this consultation was about 2·3m people out of 6·2m people that were called to vote (this figure does not coincide with the census figure of 5·3m for two main reasons: first, because organisers had no access to an official census due to the non-binding character of the consultation, and second, because the legal voting age was set to 16 rather than 18). Due to the lack of an official census, potential voters were assigned to electoral tables according to home address and first family name. Participants had to sign up first with their full name and national ID in a voter registry before casting their ballot, which prevented participants from potentially casting multiple ballots. The overall result was 80·76% in favor of both questions, 11% in favor of the first question but not of the second questions, 4·54% against both; the rest were classified as "other answers". The voter turnout was around 37% (most people against the consultation did not go to vote). Four top members of Catalonia's political leadership were barred from public office for having defied the Constitutional court's last-minute ban.

4637: 3248: 6094: 6585: 5128: 7093: 5944:, he agreed to it and stated that a referendum needed to be held by the citizens in India, Pakistan, and Kashmir so that they could vote as to where Kashmir should accede to. This referendum that Mountbatten called for never took place and framed one of the legal disputes for Kashmir. In 1948 the United Nations intervened and ordered a plebiscite to be taken in order to hear the voices of the Kashmiris if they would like to accede to Pakistan or India. This plebiscite left out the right for Kashmiris to have the right of self-determination and become an autonomous state. To this date the Kashmiris have been faced with numerous human rights violations committed by both India and Pakistan and have yet to gain complete autonomy which they have been seeking through self-determination. 7187: 4678:

territorial integrity of a country is incompatible with the purposes and principles of the Charter". This, it is claimed, applies to situations where the territorial integrity of a state had been disrupted by colonisation, so that the people of a territory subject to a historic territorial claim are prevented from exercising a right to self-determination. This interpretation is rejected by many states, who argue that Paragraph 2 of UN Resolution 1514(XV) states that "all peoples have the right to self-determination" and Paragraph 6 cannot be used to justify territorial claims. The original purpose of Paragraph 6 was "to ensure that acts of self-determination occur within the established boundaries of colonies, rather than within sub-regions". Further, the use of the word

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regional police, which had been accused in the past of police brutality and impunity during the 15-M protests, prevented voting in over 500 polling stations without incidents. In some voting stations, the Catalan regional police did not intervene, while in other stations they directly confronted the Spanish CNP (National Police Corps) to allow voters to participate. The CNP confiscated ballot boxes and closed down 92, voting centres with violent truncheon charges. The opposition parties had called for non-participation. The turnout (according to the votes that were counted) was 2.3m out of 5.3m (43.03% of the census), and 90.18% of the ballots were in favour of independence. The turnout, ballot count and results were similar to those of the 2014 "consultation".

6336: 6232:(NNC), claimed that 99. 9% of the Nagas wanted an independent Naga country according to a referendum conducted by it. It waged a secessionist insurgency against the Government of India. The NNC collapsed after Phizo got his dissenters killed or forced them to seek refuge with the Government. Phizo escaped to London, while NNC's successor secessionist groups continued to stage violent attacks against the Indian Government. The Naga People's Convention (NPC), another major Naga organization, was opposed to the secessionists. Its efforts led to the creation of a separate Nagaland state within India in 1963. The secessionist violence declined considerably after the 5633: 4548: 5672: 4662: 7229: 5818: 5959: 5402: 4610: 4998: 4633:) of states as it is the will of the people that makes a state legitimate. This implies a people should be free to choose their own state and its territorial boundaries. However, there are far more self-identified nations than there are existing states and there is no legal process to redraw state boundaries according to the will of these peoples. According to the Helsinki Final Act of 1975, the UN, ICJ and international law experts, there is no contradiction between the principles of self-determination and territorial integrity, with the latter taking precedence. 6061: 7609:

incoherence will require a renewal of the links between autonomy, democracy, human rights and the right to self-determination. Central to cultivating this renewal should be the adoption of a more liberal and expansive interpretation of the meaning of self-determination. Self-determination does not have to mean irredentism, secession and the violent renegotiation of territorial frontiers. The promotion of minority rights, devolution, federalism and greater acknowledgement of the legitimacy of cultural self-expression are all expressions of self-determination.

6903:. At the end of WWII, Italian resistance troops entered South Tyrol and took over the administration against the wishes of the South Tyrolean resistance movement. The Allies subsequently granted South Tyrol to Italy, with the British foreign minister remarking that "in theory the Austrians have the better argument, however handing over the power stations of South Tyrol to them could openly give the Russians a helping hand with which they could pressurise Italy". The Allies pushed Italy to grant the region a high degree of autonomy, culminating in the 5874: 3593: 7271: 4128:, meaning that old administrative boundaries would become international boundaries upon independence if they had little relevance to linguistic, ethnic, and cultural boundaries. Nevertheless, justified by the language of self-determination, between 1946 and 1960, thirty-seven new nations in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East gained independence from colonial powers. The territoriality issue inevitably would lead to more conflicts and independence movements within many states and challenges to the assumption that 6566: 7646:

millennium seems to be toward increasing the opposition to separatism, largely as a result of the grave effects observable in most cases where it has been attempted. One ICJ judge, Rosalyn Higgins, has writter that there is no legal right of secession where there is representative government. However, some other experts disagree, adding that self-determination is justifiable where there is representative government but the minority nevertheless faces severe human rights violations.

3770:, a city-state in which Poland had certain special rights. Through the city of Danzig was 90% German and 10% Polish, the surrounding countryside around Danzig was overwhelmingly Polish, and the ethnically Polish rural areas included in the Free City of Danzig objected, arguing that they wanted to be part of Poland. Neither the Poles nor the Germans were happy with this compromise and the Danzig issue became a flash-point of German-Polish tension throughout the interwar period. 9719:

expelled the Argentine garrison in 1833. The record is not nearly so dramatic. After the commander of the Lexington had declared, in December 1831, the Falklands 'free of all government', they remained without any visible authority. However, in September 1832, the Buenos Aires Government appointed an interim commandant to take charge of a penal settlement at San Carlos, the Government's reserve on East Falkland. The British representative immediately lodged a protest..."

4654:, author of seven books on self-determination and secession, supports territorial integrity as a moral and legal aspect of constitutional democracy. However, he also advances a "Remedial Rights Only Theory" where a group has "a general right to secede if and only if it has suffered certain injustices, for which secession is the appropriate remedy of last resort." He also would recognize secession if the state grants, or the constitution includes, a right to secede. 5251:, some Basques abstained and some voted against it in the referendum of December 6 of that year. It was approved by a clear majority at the Spanish level, and with 74.6% of the votes in the Basque Country. However, the overall turnout in the Basque Country was 45% when the Spanish overall turnover was 67.9%. The derived autonomous regime for the BAC was approved by Spanish Parliament and also by the Basque citizens in referendum. The autonomous statute of Navarre ( 1149: 14467: 12408: 6987: 3581: 5748: 4912: 4042: 6000: 3350: 38: 4378: 1213: 5312: 14477: 5178: 10347: 5335:. From 1999 to the present day, the indigenous people of Biafra have been agitating for independence to revive their country. They have registered a human rights organization known as Bilie Human Rights Initiative both in Nigeria and in the United Nations to advocate for their right to self-determination and achieve independence by the rule of law. 4089:, or all other territories which have not yet attained independence, to transfer all powers to the people of those territories, without any conditions or reservations, in accordance with their freely expressed will and desire, without any distinction as to race, creed or colour, in order to enable them to enjoy complete independence and freedom. 5390:

referendum to be devolved, but this was turned down. In December 2013 the President of the Generalitat Artur Mas and the governing coalition agreed to set the referendum for self-determination on 9 November 2014, and legislation specifically saying that the consultation would not be a "referendum" was enacted, only to be blocked by the

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alternative status. Supporters of the commonwealth status had urged voters to blank their ballots. When the blank votes are counted as anti-statehood votes, the statehood option would have received less than 50% of all ballots received. As of January 2014, Washington has not taken action to address the results of this plebiscite.

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the conflict has left more than 47,000 to 100,000 people dead as of July 2009. However, violence in the state had fallen sharply after the start of a slow-moving peace process between India and Pakistan. After the peace process failed in 2008, mass demonstrations against Indian rule, and low-scale militancy emerged again.

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relationship, which was in turn guaranteed by international treaty, to which each of them consented. From its very inception the Republic of Cyprus was never a unitary state in which there is only one electorate with a majority and minority. The two communities were political equals and each existed as a political entity.

4238:. To achieve this, a variety of means was implemented, including the orchestration of coups, sponsoring of anti-communist countries and military interventions. Consequently, many self-determination movements, which spurned some type of anti-communist government, were accused of being Soviet-inspired or controlled. 5683:, and, since the United Kingdom also gave assurances that the right to self-determination of Gibraltarians would be respected in any transfer of sovereignty over the territory, is a factor in the dispute with Spain over the territory. The impact of the right to self-determination of Gibraltarians was seen in the 3698:, Asia, and Africa. The principle of self-determination did not extend so far as to end colonialism; under the reasoning that the local populations were not civilized enough the League of Nations was to assign each of the post-Ottoman, Asian and African states and colonies to a European power by the grant of a 8562:"Protracted conflicts in the GUAM area and their implications for international peace, security and development. The situation in the occupied territories of Azerbaijan, Security Council, Sixty-third year/ General Assembly, Sixty-third session, Agenda items 13 and 18, A/63/664 – S/2008/823, 29 December 2008" 4593:

state's government, the unrepresented become a defined as a separate people. Present international law does not recognize ethnic and other minorities as separate peoples, with the notable exception of cases in which such groups are systematically disenfranchised by the government of the state they live in.

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which had arrived in the territories in 1962 and held hearings to determine public opinion. It also sifted through 1600 letters and memoranda submitted by individuals, organisations and political parties. Cobbold concluded that around two thirds of the population favoured to the formation of Malaysia

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has been accused by India of supporting and training both pro-Pakistan and pro-independence militants to fight Indian security forces in Jammu and Kashmir, a charge that Pakistan denies. According to official figures released in the Jammu and Kashmir assembly, there were 3,400 disappearance cases and

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The question in the consultation was "Do you want Catalonia to be a State?" and, if the answer to this question was yes, "Do you want this State to be an independent State?". However, as the consultation was not a formal referendum, these (printed) answers were just suggestions and other answers were

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in transforming the existing internal borders of the various Yugoslav republics into international borders, despite the conflicts of ethnic groups within those boundaries. In the 1990s indigenous populations of the northern two-thirds of Quebec province opposed being incorporated into a Quebec nation

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However, liberal proponents for the right to self-determination by minority groups contradict this notion by arguing that, in cases where the minority is not able to become the majority, and that minority is territorially concentrated and does not want to be governed by the majority, it may serve the

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in Paragraph 6 denotes future action and cannot be construed to justify territorial redress for past action. An attempt sponsored by Spain and Argentina to qualify the right to self-determination in cases where there was a territorial dispute was rejected by the UN General Assembly, which re-iterated

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on Rights and Duties of States, 1 lays down the most widely accepted formulation of the criteria of statehood in international law. It note that the state as an international person should possess the following qualifications: '(a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and

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allowed for the voluntary withdrawal of member states from the union, although the State which wanted to leave could not be involved in the vote deciding whether or not they can leave the Union. There was much discussion about such self-determination by minorities before the final document underwent

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Since the early 1990s, the legitimatization of the principle of national self-determination has led to an increase in the number of conflicts within states, as sub-groups seek greater self-determination and full secession, and as their conflicts for leadership within groups and with other groups and

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reads: "Third, they respect the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they will live; and they wish to see sovereign rights and self government restored to those who have been forcibly deprived of them" then became one of the eight cardinal principal points of the Charter

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Before the United Nations's adoption of resolution 2908 (XXVII) on 2 November 1972, The People's Republic of China vetoed the former British colony of Hong Kong's right to self-determination on 8 March 1972. This sparked several nations' protest along with Great Britain's declaration on 14 December

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Argentina states the principle of self-determination is not applicable to the islands since the current inhabitants are not aboriginal and were brought to replace the Argentine population, which was expelled by an 'act of force', compelling the Argentinian inhabitants to directly leave the islands.

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followed the Soviet Union in including the right of secession in its 1931 constitution in order to entice ethnic nationalities and Tibet into joining. However, the Party eliminated the right to secession in later years and had anti-secession clause written into the Constitution before and after the

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Stefan Talmon, p.58-59., in "International Peacekeeping: The Yearbook of International Peace Operations", Vol.8, 2002. Without a status-of-forces agreement (or similar arrangements) between the United Nations and the Government of the TRNC, UNFICYP operates solely within the framework of the laws,

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Vita Gudeleviciute holds that in cases of non-self-governing peoples and foreign military occupation the principle of self-determination trumps that of territorial integrity. In cases where people lack representation by a state's government, they also may be considered a separate people, but under

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Law School finds that, in cases of non-self-governing peoples (colonized and/or indigenous) and foreign military occupation, "a people" is defined as the entire population of the occupied territorial unit, no matter their other differences. Meanwhile, in cases where people lack representation by a

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Michael Stephen, 1997, The Cyprus Question. The case of Cyprus is sui generis, for there is no other State in the world which came into being as a result of two politically equal peoples coming together by the exercise by each of its sovereign right of self-determination, to create a unique legal

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as a "democratic country". In 2017, United Kingdom's High Court decided that "There was no duty in UK law upon the UK's Government to refrain from recognising Northern Cyprus. The United Nations itself works with Northern Cyprus law enforcement agencies and facilitates cooperation between the two

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was declared in 1983 and recognized only by Turkey. Monroe Leigh, 1990, The Legal Status in International Law of the Turkish Cypriot and the Greek Cypriot Communities in Cyprus. The Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot regimes participating in these negotiations, and the respective communities which

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were prevented from taking place in the two regions after armed gunmen took control of polling stations, kidnapped election officials, and stole lists of electors, thus denying the population the chance to express their will in a free, fair, and internationally recognised election. There are also

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Professor Uriel Abulof suggests that self-determination entails the "moral double helix" of duality: 1. personal right to align with a people, and the people's right to determine their politics; and 2. and mutuality (the right is as much the other's as the self's). Thus, self-determination grants

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J. Metford; Falklands or Malvinas? The background to the dispute. International Affairs, Vol 44 (1968), pp. 463–481. "Much is made in successive presentations of the Argentine case of the next episode in the history of the islands: the supposed fact that Great Britain 'brutally' and 'forcefully'

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that took place in November 2012, a majority of Puerto Rican residents voted to change the territory's relationship with the United States, with the statehood option being the preferred option. But a large number of ballots—one-third of all votes cast—were left blank on the question of preferred

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saw highest voters turnout in last 25 years since insurgency erupted. As per the Indian government, it recorded more than 65% of voters turnout which was more than usual voters turnout in other state assembly elections of India. It considered as increase in faith of Kashmiri people in democratic

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sailed on 5 January, with all the soldiers and convicts of the penal colony and those remaining Argentine settlers who wished to leave. The other settlers of various nationalities, remained at Port Louis....Nevertheless, this incident is not the forcible ejection of Argentine settlers that has

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At present, international law is ambiguous regarding the right to secede. Some documents assert that self-determination is a fundamental right, but in practice the United Nations and other international organisations have very rarely recognized breakaway states, and the trend at the turn of the

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was established to consider re-drawing it. Its proposals, which amounted to a small net transfer to the Free State, were leaked to the press and then not acted upon. In December 1925, the governments of the Irish Free State, Northern Ireland, and the United Kingdom agreed to accept the existing

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Wilson publicly argued that the agreements made in the aftermath of the war would be a "readjustment of those great injustices which underlie the whole structure of European and Asiatic society", which he attributed to the absence of democratic rule. The new order emerging in the postwar period

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Prof. Elihu Lauterracht, B.E., Q.C.,1990, The Right of Self-Determination of the Turkish Cypriots. There appears to be nothing on the face of that language taken by itself, to suggest that there is any inequality of status between the parties or that either of them is doing anything other than

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Since the end of decolonization, it has become clear that the diplomatic compromises that facilitated the transfer of political authority during that era are now obsolete. Today, the principle of self-determination lacks both definition and applicability. Saving it from a complete descent into

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Plainly the central idea of secession is the essence of anarchy. A majority held in restraint by constitutional checks and limitations, and always changing easily with deliberate changes of popular opinions and sentiments, is the only true sovereign of a free people. Whoever rejects it does of

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under legislation adopted in September 2017, despite this legislation had been suspended by the Constitutional Court for "violating fundamental rights of citizens", with the question "Do you want Catalonia to become an independent state in the form of a Republic?". On polling day, the Catalan

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voted to hold a vote in the next four-year legislature on the question of self-determination. The parliamentary decision was approved by a large majority of MPs: 84 voted for, 21 voted against, and 25 abstained. The Catalan Parliament applied to the Spanish Parliament for the power to call a

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A number of states have laid claim to territories, which they allege were removed from them as a result of colonialism. This is justified by reference to Paragraph 6 of UN Resolution 1514(XV), which states that any attempt "aimed at partial or total disruption of the national unity and the

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contained an express state right to secede from the union under a number of procedural conditions. It was eliminated in the 1974 constitution of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma (officially the "Union of Myanmar"). Burma still allows "local autonomy under central leadership".

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In determining international borders between sovereign states, self-determination has yielded to a number of other principles. Once groups exercise self-determination through secession, the issue of the proposed borders may prove more controversial than the fact of secession. The bloody

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while the remaining third wanted either independence or continuing control by the United Kingdom. The United Nations team largely confirmed these findings, which were later accepted by the General Assembly, and both territories subsequently wish to form the new Federation of

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Chapter 1, Article 1, part 2 states that purpose of the UN Charter is: "To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal

5512: 5687:, where Gibraltarian voters overwhelmingly rejected a plan to share sovereignty over Gibraltar between the UK and Spain. However, the UK government differs with the Gibraltarian government in that it considers Gibraltarian self-determination to be limited by the 5986:

process of India. However, activists say that the voter turnout is highly exaggerated and that elections are held under duress. Votes are cast because the people want stable governance of the state and this cannot be mistaken as an endorsement of Indian rule.

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that the decision is invalid. Decades later, an independence movement, dubbed as the Hong Kong independence movement emerged in the now Communist Chinese controlled territory. It advocates the autonomous region to become a fully independent sovereign state.

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on 8 January 1918, on 11 February 1918 Wilson stated: "National aspirations must be respected; people may now be dominated and governed only by their own consent. 'Self determination' is not a mere phrase; it is an imperative principle of action." During

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and equal rights, especially when there is a sizable minority group. In democratic societies, majority rule is often used to determine the outcome in electoral and voting processes. However, a major critique of majority rule is that it may result in the

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current law cannot claim the right to self-determination. On the other hand, she finds that secession within a single state is a domestic matter not covered by international law. Thus, there are no on what groups may constitute a seceding people.

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from the United Kingdom to the PRC in 1997. Since the handover, many Hongkongers are increasingly concerned about Beijing's growing encroachment on the territory's freedoms and the failure of the Hong Kong government to deliver 'true' democracy.

3642:'s exit from the war and the nominal independence of Armenia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine, Lithuania, Georgia and Poland, though in fact those territories were under German control. The end of the war led to the dissolution of the defeated 3753:

asked for Wilson to honor point 14 of the 14 points by transferring Danzig to Poland, arguing that the city was rightfully part of Poland because it was Polish until 1793, and that Poland would not be economically viable without it. During the

7132:. In the first plebiscite, the commonwealth option won with 60.4% of the votes, but US congressional committees failed to enact legislation to address the status issue. In subsequent plebiscites in 1993 and 1998, the status quo was favored. 4732:

necessity fly to anarchy or to despotism. Unanimity is impossible. The rule of a minority, as a permanent arrangement, is wholly inadmissible; so that, rejecting the majority principle, anarchy or despotism in some form is all that is left.

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by the United States which saw communism as a menace to its interests. Throughout the cold war, the United States created, supported, and sponsored regimes with various success that served their economic and political interests, among them

10698:...when an act of the "TRNC" authorities was in compliance with laws in force within the territory of northern Cyprus, those acts should in principle be regarded as having a legal basis in domestic law for the purposes of the Convention.." 7030:

and later federal laws recognize the local sovereignty of tribal nations, but do not recognize full sovereignty equivalent to that of foreign nations, hence the term "domestic dependent nations" to qualify the federally recognized tribes.

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in Article 3", which provided that "he inadequacy of political, economic, social and educational preparedness should never serve as a pretext for delaying the right to self-determination and independence." To monitor the implementation of

3244:), however, and the right of self-determination does not necessarily include a right to an independent state for every ethnic group within a former colonial territory. Further, no right to secession is recognized under international law. 13493: 2175: 4720:, especially in cases in which a simple majority is used in order to determine outcome. This flaw is particularly poignant when there is a large minority group whose interests are not being represented, and who may then seek to secede. 12273: 6186:

Efforts towards Kurdish self-determination are considered illegal separatism by the governments of Turkey and Iran, and the movement is politically repressed in both states. This is intertwined with Kurdish nationalist insurgencies

4415:, the communist regimes of Soviet satellite states collapsed in rapid succession in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Bulgaria, Romania, and Mongolia. East and West Germany united, Czechoslovakia peacefully split into 4749:

do not recognize the right to self-determination through secession in their constitutions. Many expressly forbid it. However, there are several existing models of self-determination through greater autonomy and through secession.

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accept the claim that the Courts of Northern Cyprus lacked "independence and/or impartiality". ECtHR directed all Cypriots to exhaust "domestic remedies" applied by Northern Cyprus before taking their cases to ECtHR. In 2014,

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as a whole to self-determination", and pursuant to national legislation. This section of the constitution was one of the negotiated settlements during the handing over of political power in 1994. Supporters of an independent

5955:. This led to some parties in the state assembly forming militant wings, which acted as a catalyst for the emergence of armed insurgency in the region. The conflict over Kashmir has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths. 5448:, and a history of independence before invasion by Russia as main motives. Russia has restored control over Chechnya, but the separatist government functions still in exile, though it has been split into two entities: the 7154:

On December 15, 2022, the U.S. House of Representatives voted in favor of the Puerto Rico Status Act. The act sought to resolve Puerto Rico's status and its relationship to the United States through a binding plebiscite.

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where the electorate in Scotland voted by 62% to remain a member of the EU, as did Northern Ireland. Results in England and Wales, however, led to the whole of the United Kingdom leaving the EU. In late 2019 the

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in the year 1833 during which Argentina claims the existing population living in the islands was expelled. Argentina thus argues that, in the case of the Falkland Islands, the principle of territorial integrity

9109: 3977:. In none of these areas were the opinions of affected people consulted, or given significant priority. Korea was specifically granted independence but the receiver of various other areas was not stated in the 7112:'s "decolonization" and for the US to recognize the island's right to self-determination and independence. In 2007 the Decolonization Subcommittee called for the United Nations General Assembly to review the 10673:

in the "TRNC", including both civil and criminal courts, reflected the judicial and common-law tradition of Cyprus in its functioning and procedures, and that the "TRNC" courts were thus to be considered as

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Other definitions offered are "peoples" as self-evident (from ethnicity, language, history, etc.), or defined by "ties of mutual affection or sentiment" ("loyalty", or by mutual obligations among peoples).

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p.14: In July 1989, UN SG Perez de Cuellar stated "Cyprus is a common home for the Greek and Turkish communities, whose relationship would be not of majority and minority but rather of political equality"

5789:. Young localist leaders have led numerous protest actions against pro-Chinese policies to raise awareness of social problems of Hong Kong under Chinese rule. These include the sit-in protest against the 4030:(ICESCR) reads: "All peoples have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. " 9707:

Argentina likes to stress that Argentine settlers were ousted and replaced. This is incorrect. Those settlers who wished to leave were allowed to go. The rest continued at the now renamed Port Louis.

10054: 5932:, the ruler of Kashmir at the time of accession, signed the Instrument of Accession Act on October 26, 1947, as his territory was being attacked by Pakistani tribesmen. The passing of this Act allowed 5694:

The Spanish government denies that Gibraltarians have the right to self-determination, considering them to be "an artificial population without any genuine autonomy" and not "indigenous". However, the

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Northern Cyprus fulfills all the classical criteria of statehood. United Nations Peace Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) operates based on the laws of Northern Cyprus in north of Cyprus island. According to

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called Wilson's doctrine "ridiculous" because, though on the surface it seems reasonable to "let the people decide", in practice "the people cannot decide until someone decides who are the people".

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autonomy or independence movements, each with the goal of realizing some level of political control over single or several islands. The groups range from those seeking territorial units similar to

5478:. Their primary motivations included self-determination, a history of Chinese colonization and oppression in East Turkistan, and a legacy of independence prior to the invasion by China (the Manchu 8474: 11296:"Special Committee on Decolonization Calls on United States to Expedite Puerto Rico's Self-determination Process – General Assembly GA/COL/3160 – Department of Public Information – June 14, 2007" 3900:. Japan went to considerable trouble to argue that Manchukuo was justified by the principle of self-determination, claiming that people of Manchuria wanted to break away from China and asked the 3321:, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, who pledged The Eight Principal points of the Charter. It was recognized as an international legal right after it was explicitly listed as a right in the 7381: 6840:

has refused to grant the Section 30 powers required to hold another referendum on the argument that both sides accepted beforehand that the 2014 vote would settle the matter for a generation.

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both explicitly commit themselves to the development of Kurdish self-determination, but opinions vary as to the question of self-determination sought within the current borders and countries.

5255:: "improvement of the charter") was approved by the Spanish Parliament and, like the statutes of 13 out of 17 Spanish autonomous communities, it did not need a referendum to enter into force. 7544:

Alexander, Yonah, and Friedlander, Robert A. Self-determination: National, Regional, And Global Dimensions. United Kingdom, Taylor & Francis, 2019.

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only could secede from Australia upon vote of a majority of the country as a whole; the previous two-thirds majority vote for secession via referendum in Western Australia was insufficient.

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p.36, Vassiliou (the Council of Europe, 30.01.1990; to the question of Keith Speed (Member of the UK Parliament)): "the Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot communities are political equals."

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As I mentioned previously, the UN itself, in 2008, rejected the claim that a dispute over sovereignty affected self-determination, affirming self-determination to be "a basic human right."

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against Indian rule has existed in various forms. A widespread armed insurgency started in Kashmir against India rule in 1989 after allegations of rigging by the Indian government in the

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in 1949 after the latter failed to restore colonial control. As mentioned above, Indonesia also wanted a powerful position in the region that could be lessened by the creation of united

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package deeply divided the city, as it allowed Hongkongers to have universal suffrage, but Beijing would have authority to screen the candidates to restrict the electoral method for the

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of January 1918 which, among other things, called for adjustment of colonial claims, insofar as the interests of colonial powers had equal weight with the claims of subject peoples. The

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in 1914. While Turkish Cypriots made up 18% of the population, the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and the

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and Kazakhs, have persistently fought for their independence. There is a robust movement advocating East Turkistani sovereignty, challenging the Chinese occupation since 1949. The

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refers to a vaguely defined conglomeration of distinct tribes living on the border of India and Burma. Each of these tribes lived in a sovereign village before the arrival of the

4492:

and several outlying islands. Since then, the People's Republic of China has been involved in disputes with the ROC over issues of sovereignty and the political status of Taiwan.

3686:

would, according to Wilson, place governments "in the hands of the people and taken out of the hands of coteries and of sovereigns, who had no right to rule over the people." The

11585: 12109: 4636: 11627: 4081:

countries and people by providing an inevitable legal linkage between self-determination and its goal of decolonisation. It postulated a new international law-based right of

4027: 10561:

The Republic of Cyprus was founded in 1960 as a bicommunal state in which the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities had the status of co-founders and equal partners.

6429:

Although the Lusignan French aristocracy remained the dominant social class in Cyprus throughout the medieval period, the former assumption that Greeks were treated only as

5653:

over self-determination. Historical records dispute Argentina's claims and whilst acknowledging the garrison was expelled note the existing civilian population remained at

4285:—which is a free association of equal states. As India obtained its independence, multiple ethnic conflicts emerged in relation to the formation of a statehood during the 7426: 4601:

individuals the right to form "a people," which then has the right to establish an independent state, as long as they grant the same to all other individuals and peoples.

4393: 3954:, provided that a referendum was held. The referendum took place on October 20, 1945, with (according to official numbers) 100% of the electorate voting for independence. 1084: 11529:, Collected Papers & Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Right to Self-Determination & the United Nations, Geneva 2000, Clarity Press, 2001. 6240:(NSCN) continue to seek an independent country which would include parts of India and Burma. They envisage a sovereign, predominantly Christian nation called "Nagalim". 4037:

article 15 states that everyone has the right to a nationality and that no one should be arbitrarily deprived of a nationality or denied the right to change nationality.

10310: 9113: 10629: 4559:

with the dominant state become violent. The international reaction to these new movements has been uneven and often dictated more by politics than principle. The 2000

7928:"Self-Determination Not a New Expedient; First Plebiscite Was Held in Avignon During the French Revolution—Forthcoming Book Traces History and Growth of the Movement" 3494:, which became an inspiration for European nationalist movements during the 19th century. The French Revolution legitimatized the ideas of self-determination on that 8370: 13956: 6824: 5181: 4563:

failed to deal with these new demands, mentioning only "the right to self-determination of peoples which remain under colonial domination and foreign occupation."

2644: 5025:, which had an approval of 99% of voters; however, the breakaway state remained unrecognized by UN states and was disbanded on January 1, 2024 after Azerbaijan's 12099: 7386: 9756: 13024: 10501: 9512: 1690: 10058: 9670:

On April 24, 1833 he addressed Lord Palmerston, inquiring whether orders had been actually given by the British government to expel the Buenos Aires garrison.

8925: 8208: 7329: 6116:

of the Middle East. The territory is currently part of Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran. There are Kurdish self-determination movements in each of the 4 states.

4086: 7579:

Self-Determination of Peoples and Plural-Ethnic States in Contemporary International Law: Failed States, Nation-Building and the Alternative, Federal Option

12261: 11808: 10651:

the adoption by the authorities of the "TRNC" of civil, administrative or criminal law measures, and their application or enforcement within that territory

6310: 5982: 5952: 4762: 4496: 4106: 4093: 4066: 4023: 3247: 230: 10982: 3908:

which had been appointed by the League of Nations to decide if Japan had committed aggression or not, stated the majority of people in Manchuria who were

13227: 12209: 3635: 1901: 3563:

supported some of these nationalist movements, believing nationalism might be a "prior condition" to social reform and international alliances. In 1914

12167: 11676: 11034: 10233: 8340: 8246: 7557: 7002:

population has been the source of legal battles since the early 19th century. Many Native American tribes were resettled onto separate tracts of land (

6815:, with polls suggesting in January 2020 that 52% of eligible voters would vote for an independent Scotland. The country's largest political party, the 3845:. And Italy, Japan and Germany all initiated new efforts to bring certain territories under their control, leading to World War II. In particular, the 3474:

The American Revolution has been seen as the earliest assertion of the right of national and democratic self-determination, as well as the concepts of

11111: 7689:"President Wilson's Address to Congress, Analyzing German and Austrian Peace Utterances (Delivered to Congress in Joint Session on February 11, 1918)" 4186:. Although satellite states were independent and possessed sovereignty, the Soviet Union violated principles of self-determination by suppressing the 14351: 13734: 11373: 4723:

The right to self-determination by a minority has long been contested in democracies with majority rule. For instance, in his first inaugural speech

4381: 3053: 2416: 10637:

rules and regulations of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus which may be altered by the TRNC authorities unilaterally and without prior notice.

5731: (SAR) which, according to the PRC, enjoys a high degree of autonomy under the People's Republic of China (PRC), guaranteed under Article 2 of 4515:, but their independence is disputed by one or more major states. Significant movements for self-determination also persist for locations that lack 13178: 9160: 5937: 5629:

would be counter to the Falkland Islander right to self-determination, since the majority of Falkland Island inhabitants wished to remain British.

4096:, subtitled "Principles which should guide members in determining whether or nor an obligation exists to transmit the information called for under 3185: 1852: 10790: 6503:

was founded by the constituent communities in Cyprus (Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots) as a non-unitary state; the 1960 Constitution set both

12245: 11838: 11140: 8383: 6192: 6076: 5840: 5809:(CUHK) in July 2016, 17.4% of respondents supported the city becoming an independent entity after 2047, while 3.6% stated that it is "possible". 5843:

the term peoples, and gaining with it the right to self-determination. Though it was also established that it is merely a right within existing

13099: 12233: 11858: 7953: 7783: 7478: 5691:, which prevents Gibraltar achieving independence without the agreement of Spain, a position that the Gibraltarian government does not accept. 5071:

to live in their traditional Assyrian homeland under the self-governance of an Assyrian state. The Assyrian territory is currently in parts of

5026: 3690:

was established as the symbol of the emerging postwar order; one of its earliest tasks was to legitimize the territorial boundaries of the new

1765: 11085: 10775: 9551: 8733: 6093: 7314: 7151:

poll revealed that 22% of Americans believe that "any state or region has the right to peaceably secede and become an independent republic."

6584: 5155:. Numerous rebellions occurred over the decades, but in 2012 the Tuaregs succeeded in occupying their land and declaring the independence of 5034: 5022: 4839: 4293:, no empire based in mainland India had controlled any part of what now makes up the country's Northeast, part of the reason for the ongoing 1179: 9174: 8593: 7290:

was passed in the British parliament. The Cape Colony ceased to exist, however many of its unique political and cultural quirks such as the

6524:

they represent, are presently entitled to exercise equal rights under international law, including rights of self-determination. Before the

13739: 11843: 11833: 5614: 4847: 4573:

Associate Professor Aleksandar Pavkovic and Senior Lecturer Peter Radan outlined current legal and political issues in self-determination.

4141: 3639: 2421: 10756: 5394:, at the request of the Spanish government. Given the block, the Government turned it into a simple "consultation to the people" instead. 3567:

wrote: " would be wrong to interpret the right to self-determination as meaning anything but the right to existence as a separate state."

13709: 13320: 12862: 6433:

on the island is no longer considered by academics to be accurate. It is now accepted that the medieval period saw increasing numbers of

5227:

that spans the border between France and Spain, on the Atlantic coast. It comprises the autonomous communities of the Basque Country and

4640: 2391: 1994: 1520: 6224:

but developed a common identity as the area was Christianized. After the British left India, a section of Nagas under the leadership of

13009: 11400: 10614: 6437:

elevated to the upper classes, a growing Greek middle ranks, and the Lusignan royal household even marrying Greeks. This included King

1675: 11426: 5774: (CE), the highest-ranking official of the territory. This sparked the 79-day massive peaceful protests which was dubbed as the " 3328:

Implementing the right to self-determination can be politically difficult, in part because there are multiple interpretations of what

12356: 10911:

Entrevista a Marcel Farinelli: "Córcega y Cerdeña forman un archipiélago invisible al tener sus islas nacionalismos de signo opuesto"

9354: 7401: 7086: 6941:. Ever since their homes were integrated into Romania, these people were trying to achieve some form of autonomy or self-governance. 5366: 3491: 11595:

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514(XV). "Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples"

10199: 9890: 9787: 9487: 7085:, which is projected to have the most independence. The Hawaiian Sovereignty movement seeks to revive the Hawaiian nation under the 4431:, which was previously an autonomous unit of Serbia declared independence in 2008, but has received less international recognition. 12944: 12832: 12565: 12089: 11734: 10412: 10388: 10276: 10245: 9820: 8294: 8264: 8227: 5591:

firmly mentions the self-determining nature of its states. The actual implementation of its states self-governance is debate-able.

5285:

organization that killed more than 800 people. Founded in 1959, it evolved from a group advocating traditional cultural ways to a

5096: 4097: 3479: 1602: 1490: 10828: 4361:

to give East Timor independence. The people of former Indonesian East Timor were given a choice of either greater autonomy within

245: 11869: 11516:

Statehood and the Law of Self-Determination (Developments in International Law, V. 43) (Developments in International Law, V. 43)

10331:"United Nations Treaty Registered No. 8029, Manila Accord between Philippines, Federation of Malaya and Indonesia (31 JULY 1963)" 9864: 8997: 8371:

http://www.apcss.org/Publications/Edited%20Volumes/ReligiousRadicalism/PagesfromReligiousRadicalismandSecurityinSouthAsiach10.pdf

7019: 7015: 5728: 4968: 4614: 4014:

in 1945 at the end of World War II placed the right of self-determination into the framework of international law and diplomacy.

3678:) were given power over nationalities who disliked and distrusted them was eventually used as a pretext for German aggression in 3414: 12383: 10728: 9950:

So far as States are concerned, the traditional definitions provided for in the Montevideo Convention remain generally accepted.

8354: 5127: 3961:'s current disputes to sovereignty and self-determination stem from unresolved disputes from World War II. After its fall, the 14452: 13183: 12954: 12772: 12757: 12752: 12598: 12452: 12079: 11669: 7023: 6545: 6237: 5767: 5374: 3897: 3746: 3468: 3386: 3154: 1857: 1612: 1430: 1415: 1410: 1240: 10649:

A de facto recognition of the acts of the regime in the northern area may be rendered necessary for practical purposes. Thus,

7291: 6680:

has asserted Quebec's "right to self-determination. " There is debate on under which conditions would this right be realized.

4691:

In order to accommodate demands for minority rights and avoid secession and the creation of a separate new state, many states

14480: 13014: 12737: 11964: 11863: 11279: 11219: 11183: 10855: 10183: 10156: 10121: 10012: 9972: 9740: 9693: 9615: 9588: 9464: 9083: 8703: 8495: 7969: 7888: 7861: 7836: 7809: 7752: 7672: 7092: 6999: 6820: 5684: 5220: 4816: 4560: 4034: 3374: in this section may contain original research or biased language and. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1680: 1395: 11611: 11352: 10626: 9175:"How police brutality helped Spain's 15-M protests | Iberosphere | News, comment and analysis on Spain, Portugal and beyond" 8486:

Mayall, James (2013). "International Society, State Sovereignty, and National Self-Determination". In Breuilly, John (ed.).

7852:

Mayall, James (2013). "International Society, State Sovereignty, and National Self-Determination". In Breuilly, John (ed.).

7800:

Mayall, James (2013). "International Society, State Sovereignty, and National Self-Determination". In Breuilly, John (ed.).

13515: 12837: 12649: 12255: 11778: 11739: 11605: 10246:"United Nations General Assembly 15th Session - The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories (pages: 509-510)" 9032: 9015: 7396: 7294:

nevertheless continued to exist. Recent polling has shown that over 46% of Western Cape voters back independence outright.

7129: 7097: 6900: 6318: 6282: 5610: 5600: 5541: 5495: 5465: 5414: 5030: 4980: 3773:

During the 1920s and 1930s there were some successful movements for self-determination in the beginnings of the process of

3178: 2197: 1495: 1299: 90: 10480: 8909: 7186: 3393: 3205:'s right to form its own political entity, and internal self-determination is the right to representative government with 14161: 13831: 13744: 13635: 13310: 13130: 12762: 12747: 10364: 10330: 8561: 8262:

United Nations General Assembly 15th Session - The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories (pages: 509-510)

8159: 7927: 7361: 7324: 7136: 7105: 7070:

entitles them to establish an African-American republic in the area, alongside $ 400 billion as reparations for slavery.

6520: 6021: 5880: 5362: 5356: 4976: 4447: 4110: 3651: 3367: 2857: 2513: 2426: 2317: 1984: 1802: 1420: 1405: 401: 186: 20: 8134: 5239:

has demanded the right of some kind of self-determination. This desire for independence is particularly stressed among

13729: 13210: 12239: 11927: 11744: 9383: 7586: 7051: 5925: 5491: 4819:

have express or implied rights to secession. Switzerland allows for the secession from current and the creation of new

4770: 3758:

of Poland in 1772, the inhabitants of Danzig fought fiercely for it to remain a part of Poland, but as a result of the

3729:

to be restored and Poland to have "secure access to the sea", which would imply that the German city of Danzig (modern

3620: 3597: 2411: 1884: 12069: 9334: 9195: 13377: 13215: 12701: 12679: 11662: 10088: 9874: 9763: 9656: 8421:"United Nations Millennium Declaration, adopted by the UN General Assembly Resolution 55/2 (08 09 2000), paragraph 4" 7961: 7732: 7125: 7027: 6639: 6047: 5680: 4954: 4854:

has the right to secede from the Principality by a vote of a majority of the citizens residing in this municipality.

4346: 3916: 3726: 3433: 2051: 1889: 1351: 1329: 1172: 928: 95: 10508: 10028: 8476:

Duncan French, 2013, Statehood and Self-Determination Reconciling Tradition and Modernity in International Law, p.97

6029: 5113:, also known as the outstation movement. These grew in number through the 1980s, but funding dried up in the 2000s. 3400: 14114: 13951: 13851: 13315: 13205: 12371: 12119: 11828: 11773: 11756: 11714: 11709: 11555: 11519: 10744: 9110:"Two thirds of the Catalan Parliament approve organising a self-determination citizen vote within the next 4 years" 7181: 7121: 7067: 5928:, the land between India and Pakistan, has been contested as Britain was resigning from their rule over this land. 5756: 5622: 5319:

of the late 1960s. Pictures of the famine caused by Nigerian blockade garnered sympathy for the Biafrans worldwide.

4780: 4166:

had been fully annexed by the Soviet Union during World War II. Now, it extended its influence by establishing the

3849:

invoked this right of nations in its first point (out of 25), as it was publicly proclaimed on 24 February 1920 by

2810: 2639: 2533: 1989: 1879: 427: 11206: 11170: 9534:"FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS), GIBRALTAR, AMERICAN SAMOA DISCUSSED IN CARIBBEAN REGIONAL SEMINAR ON DECOLONIZATION" 8933: 7984: 14521: 13704: 13222: 12984: 12777: 12393: 11939: 7113: 6971: 6904: 6892: 6745: 6643: 6589: 5948: 5806: 5790: 5537: 5524:

There is an active secessionist movement based on the self-determination of the residents of the eastern part of

4921: 4435: 4062: 3171: 2386: 1896: 1650: 1435: 62: 52: 11244: 9136: 7431: 1089: 14536: 12847: 12303: 12026: 11813: 11599: 8857: 7366: 7159: 7144: 6975: 6812: 6601: 6557:

also dismissed the claim that "cooperation between UK police and law agencies in northern Cyprus was illegal".

6536: 6025: 5736: 5486:

assumed control over East Turkistan in late 1949. However, the Turkic peoples of East Turkistan, predominantly

5483: 5475: 5064: 5050: 4247: 4124:, nor did they include an enforcement mechanism. Moreover, new states were recognized by the legal doctrine of 3951: 3607:

revived America's commitment to self-determination, at least for European states, during World War I. When the

3546: 3382: 3371: 3294: 3224:'s norms. The principle does not state how the decision is to be made, nor what the outcome should be (whether 1505: 469: 12989: 11462:

Justice, Legitimacy, and Self-Determination: Moral Foundations for International Law (Oxford Political Theory)

10886: 10389:"General Assembly 15th Session – The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories (pages: 509 – 510)" 4246:

In Asia, the Soviet Union had already converted Mongolia into a satellite state but abandoned propping up the

3825:

which recognized the autonomy of these British dominions, representing the first phase of the creation of the

1655: 14383: 14099: 12827: 12366: 12134: 11642: 11505:

Sovereignty Matters: Locations of Contestation and Possibility in Indigenous Struggles for Self-Determination

10937: 8892: 8886: 8784:"Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents of the United States: from George Washington 1789 to George Bush 1989" 8633: 7082: 6961: 6884: 6335: 6195:, which in turn justify and are justified by the repression of peaceful advocacy. In Syria, a self-governing 6180: 6121: 5606: 5588: 5549:

from the rest of the country is not an expression of self-determination, but rather, motivated by revival of

5507: 5471: 5391: 5352: 5332: 4469: 4294: 4255: 4011: 4007: 3534: 3282:

in the 19th century and came into prominent use in the 1860s, spreading rapidly thereafter. During and after

3221: 3085: 2795: 1485: 12183:

Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, and Folklore

10921: 6511:

as the official languages. During 1963–74, the island experienced ethnic clashes and turmoil, following the

5452:-run secular Chechen Republic (based in Poland, the United Kingdom, and the United States), and the Islamic 4967:

There have been a number of notable cases of self-determination. For more information on past movements see

4120:

However, the charter and other resolutions did not insist on full independence as the best way of obtaining

13662: 13610: 12588: 12558: 12527: 12318: 12293: 11508: 11009: 8452:"n Pursuit of Sovereignty and Self-determination: Peoples, States and Secession in the International Order" 6950: 6855: 6302: 6290: 6257: 6168: 6065: 5771: 5760: 5654: 5441: 5427: 5248: 4873:

in the 1990s were related mostly to border issues because the international community applied a version of

4251: 4187: 4151: 3868:, adding former German possessions to its own empire. In the 1930s, Japan gained significant influence in 3842: 3542: 3471:, and the decolonization movement after World War II shaped and established the norm in international law. 2344: 2292: 1230: 1165: 67: 7066:

argue that the history of African-Americans living in and making productive of several U.S. states in the

6916: 5540:

regarding independence from Ukraine were illegitimate and undemocratic. Similarly, there are reports that

3856:

In Asia, Japan became a rising power and gained more respect from Western powers after its victory in the

3490:

further promoted the notion that the will of the people was supreme, especially through authorship of the

14501: 14294: 14146: 13565: 13173: 13119: 12462: 12114: 11974: 11848: 11330: 7503: 7483: 6696: 6659: 6277:. The conclusions of both the Cobbold Commission and the United Nations team were arrived at without any 5970: 5829: 5618: 5109:. In the 1970s, Aboriginal requested the right to administer their own remote communities as part of the 4405: 3822: 3778: 3287: 2996: 2842: 2247: 1847: 1785: 1034: 954: 213: 208: 57: 9308:"El Govern trasllada els resultats definitius del referèndum de l'1 d'octubre al Parlament de Catalunya" 5894:

which claims a right of historic entitlement by descent as a nation, to exercise self-determination for

4972: 4117:

complete compliance with the principles of self-determination in General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV).

14526: 14506: 14403: 13195: 12882: 12603: 12445: 12411: 11633: 11537: 10787: 10580: 8861: 8328: 7406: 7047: 6967: 6762:

Even though the island has been characterized by periodical waves of ethnonationalist protests against

6516: 6188: 6176: 6084: 6080: 5802: 4766: 4666: 4589: 3846: 3710: 3105: 1869: 1540: 1245: 1121: 1019: 141: 85: 11148: 10365:"United Nations Treaty Series No. 8809, Agreement relating to the implementation of the Manila Accord" 9221: 6638:. In the two state solution this usually denotes territorial integrity initiatives, such as resisting 4329:, but Indonesia threatened to invade and annex it. A vote was supposedly taken under the UN sponsored 3896:. This was essentially the model Japan followed as it invaded other areas in Asia and established the 3717:, was seen as representing the will to join Germany in those regions, while the majority of people in 14546: 13756: 13570: 13472: 13357: 13031: 12999: 12659: 12593: 11803: 9253: 7911: 6858:

allows for the right to self-determination of a community, within the framework of "the right of the

6832:

announced plans to demand a second referendum on Scottish Independence. This was given assent by the

6136: 5933: 5632: 4894: 4808: 4446:

and most of which adopted democratic reforms and free-market economies. Inside those new republics,

4298: 4266:

shifted the focus of the Cold War from Europe to Asia, where competing superpowers took advantage of

3943: 3814: 3794: 3699: 3619:. They also supported the right of all nations, including colonies, to self-determination." The 1918 3538: 2438: 2252: 2146: 2031: 1697: 1665: 1309: 1235: 848: 780: 661: 376: 11059: 8667: 8341:

Resolution 1514 (XV) "Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples"

8077:

Książka polska w Gdańsku w okresie zaboru pruskiego 1793-1919, page 61 Maria Babnis, Ossolineum 1989

6248:

Another controversial episode with perhaps more relevance was the British beginning their exit from

5381:

that would exercise the right of self-determination for Catalonia, a right not recognised under the

4547: 4202:

and its theory of imperialism were also strong influences in the national emancipation movements of

773: 14016: 13904: 13751: 13520: 13457: 13292: 13247: 13109: 12994: 12976: 12912: 12842: 12716: 12417: 12144: 11454: 11443: 10605:

further exercising its right of self-determination by participating in the settlement negotiations.

9928: 9555: 8283: 6808: 6749: 6615: 6529: 6268:. The United Nation Team's mission followed on from an earlier assessment by the British-appointed 6160: 6152: 6010: 5707: 5470:

On November 12, 1933, Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and Uzbeks declared independence, establishing the

4832: 4791: 3940: 3861: 3585: 2704: 2592: 2433: 2202: 2131: 1966: 1921: 1775: 1660: 1640: 1570: 1500: 1366: 703: 698: 10537: 8954: 6131:

Although the right of the creation of a Kurdish state was recognized following World War I in the

4369:. 78.5% of East Timorese voted for independence, rejecting Indonesia's special autonomy proposal. 4210:

countries, communism became an ideology that united groups to oppose imperialism or colonization.

14551: 14470: 14299: 14279: 14141: 14131: 14089: 13719: 13560: 13422: 13392: 13387: 13337: 13272: 13257: 13190: 13163: 13148: 12551: 12338: 12124: 11465: 11385: 11261: 11112:"Boris Johnson says 'No' to Nicola Sturgeon's demand for second Scottish independence referendum" 9964: 8958: 8608: 8513:

Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949

8320: 7448: 7245: 6816: 6609: 6306: 6286: 6261: 6233: 6014: 5613:. The population has existed for over nine generations, continuously for over 190 years. In the 5386: 5378: 5232: 5106: 4828: 4804: 4717: 4461: 4366: 4282: 4278: 3978: 3826: 3790: 3643: 3475: 3360: 3001: 2981: 2837: 2827: 2785: 2401: 2242: 2096: 2066: 2061: 2011: 1946: 1931: 1864: 1837: 1822: 1196: 902: 13367: 11570: 11350:

Middlebury Institute/Zogby Poll: "One in Five Americans Believe States Have the Right to Secede"

10617:

Christian Walter, Antje Von Ungern-Sternberg, Kavus Abushov, Oxford University Press, 2014, p.64

8005: 7228: 6139:. To date two separate Kurdish republics and one Kurdish Kingdom have declared sovereignty. The 4427:

into 6 states. Macedonia became an independent nation and broke off from Yugoslavia peacefully.

3766:

by 1919, which made the Allied leaders at the Paris peace conference compromise by creating the

3407: 2041: 14398: 14371: 14361: 13841: 13821: 13684: 13555: 13452: 13402: 13372: 13352: 13287: 13267: 13242: 13237: 13232: 13143: 13114: 13087: 13063: 13058: 12644: 12634: 12323: 12274:

Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge (GRATK)

11922: 11853: 11719: 11654: 8292:

The Colonial Legacy and Border Stability: Uti Possidetis and Territorial Claims in the Americas

7376: 7286:

to become an independent state. South Africa in its current form was created in 1910 after the

7120:

act that provided for a vote on the status of Puerto Rico with three status options: continued

7063: 7022:

and has established a number of laws attempting to clarify the relationship among the federal,

6771: 5817: 5798: 5718: 5574: 5102: 4925: 4820: 4812: 4307:

also gained independence from the British Empire, but declined membership in the Commonwealth.

4101: 4006:

and accepted the principle of self-determination. In January 1942 twenty-six states signed the

3999: 3834: 3630:

This presented a challenge to Wilson's more limited demands. In January 1918 Wilson issued his

3260: 3100: 3073: 3063: 2523: 2503: 2366: 2237: 2126: 2076: 2046: 2026: 1961: 1941: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1817: 1780: 1753: 1729: 1724: 1294: 1284: 1009: 999: 296: 10968: 10845: 8526:

Abulof, Uriel (2015). "The Confused Compass: From Self-determination to State-determination".

7744: 7662: 6774:

and attempts for Sardinian self-determination historically countered in fact the Rome-centric

5671: 4661: 3332:

and which groups may legitimately claim the right to self-determination. As World Court judge

14366: 14326: 14259: 14156: 14104: 14031: 13786: 13550: 13462: 13437: 13432: 13417: 13412: 13407: 13347: 13302: 13262: 13168: 13138: 13041: 12654: 12438: 12328: 11949: 11751: 10173: 10146: 9934: 9730: 9578: 9513:""Self determination and self sufficiency", Falklands message to the world on Liberation Day" 9432: 9286:"Els Mossos van tancar 600 col·legis electorals; la policia espanyola i la Guàrdia Civil, 92" 8321:

Does the Principle of Self-determination Prevail over the Principle of Territorial Integrity?

7473: 7438: 7351: 7287: 7249: 6791: 6708: 6554: 6317:

in North Borneo and Sarawak that would be free and without coercion. This also triggered the

6229: 5782: 5740: 5562: 5259: 4626: 4424: 4333:

to allow West New Guineans to decide their fate, although many dispute its veracity. Later,

4195: 4129: 4085:

to exercise economic self-determination. Article 5 states: Immediate steps shall be taken in

3928: 3802: 3616: 3550: 3314: 3241: 3068: 3028: 2961: 2852: 2800: 2719: 2468: 2232: 2136: 2111: 2106: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2021: 1976: 1936: 1842: 1812: 1707: 1304: 1059: 802: 797: 723: 666: 617: 381: 321: 181: 176: 111: 16:

The right of all people to freely participate in the political procedures of their government

11295: 9920: 9817: 9533: 9454: 9254:"Vídeo: Encontronazos entre cuerpos de seguridad en el exterior de los colegios electorales" 4450:

have claimed their own independence, but not received widespread international recognition.

14541: 14237: 13771: 13645: 13362: 13327: 13277: 13252: 13073: 13036: 12767: 12629: 12532: 12522: 12298: 12009: 11898: 11761: 10437:"United Nations list of Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories, North Borneo and Sarawak" 8761: 8407: 7210:

also claims the entire territory, and maintains control of about two-thirds of the region.

6823:, where it was rejected by 55% of voters. The Independence debate continued throughout the 6677: 6471:

controlled and solely governed all of the Cyprus island from 1571 until its leasing to the

6339: 6298: 6265: 6156: 6125: 6120:

has to date achieved the largest degree of self-determination through the formation of the

5294: 5216: 4874: 4863: 4568: 4342: 4199: 4125: 3809:

declared itself as incapable of passing laws over them without their consent. Although the

3755: 3706: 3522: 2939: 2453: 2327: 2036: 2001: 1951: 1926: 1739: 1702: 1425: 1279: 984: 892: 853: 843: 807: 768: 718: 681: 639: 622: 595: 494: 444: 420: 356: 240: 151: 136: 131: 121: 11628:"Winds of Change or Hot Air? Decolonization, Self-determination and the Salt Water Test, " 11440:

The Self-Determination of Peoples: Community, Nation, and State in an Interdependent World

11421:

Rudolf A. Mark, "National Self-Determination, as Understood by Lenin and the Bolsheviks."

10457: 9580:

Key to an Enigma: British Sources Disprove British Claims to the Falkland/Malvinas Islands

9362: 8748:

Falkland Islands Government, Dick Sawle MLA, The Challenge of Sovereignty in small states

6895:, but there are still supporters of the self determination of South Tyrol, e.g. the party 5401: 4936: 4609: 4109:, in 1961 the General Assembly created the Special Committee referred to popularly as the 8: 14413: 14274: 13909: 13811: 13791: 13580: 13488: 13447: 13427: 13397: 13297: 13092: 12907: 12004: 11903: 11724: 11648: 11534:

Self-Determination of Peoples: A Legal Reappraisal (Hersch Lauterpacht Memorial Lectures)

11487: 11476: 10314: 10210: 9921: 9894: 8908:, 1st Global Conference on Federalism and the Union of European Democracies, March 2004. 8451: 8420: 8403: 7453: 7223: 7148: 7035: 6833: 6829: 6796: 6775: 6570: 6442: 6379: 6148: 5775: 5732: 5695: 5666: 5290: 5014: 4992: 4412: 4401: 4163: 3767: 3718: 3526: 3464: 3452: 3115: 2976: 2597: 2493: 2473: 2262: 2170: 2121: 2101: 2071: 1971: 1758: 1565: 1106: 1069: 1064: 1049: 858: 812: 733: 602: 371: 351: 291: 225: 126: 10870: 10690:

with reference to the "constitutional and legal basis" on which it operated, and it has

10436: 10419: 10395: 10283: 10277:"United Nations General Assembly 18th Session - the Question of Malaysia (pages: 41-44)" 10252: 9794: 8783: 8671: 8291: 8261: 8223: 8185:"Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories listed by the United Nations General Assembly" 8184: 6132: 5958: 14516: 14186: 14171: 14119: 14109: 14084: 14026: 13984: 13894: 13889: 13884: 13796: 13104: 12388: 12378: 11979: 11944: 11888: 10825: 8828: 8824: 8543: 8287: 7356: 7241: 7078: 7003: 6926: 6896: 6804: 6800: 6767: 6725: 6692: 6684: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6605: 6578: 6407: 6403: 6269: 6264:

in 1963 to determine whether or not the populations wished to become a part of the new

6144: 6140: 5899: 5836: 5324: 5316: 5274: 5240: 5236: 5172: 5110: 4779:

held secession could occur "through revolution, or through consent of the States." The

4536: 4439: 4330: 4286: 3936: 3857: 3818: 3806: 3725:. However, the Allies ignored the German objections; Wilson's 14 Points had called for 3612: 2880: 2867: 2815: 2805: 2780: 2714: 2672: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2478: 1770: 1024: 897: 836: 831: 753: 738: 727: 686: 656: 644: 627: 607: 391: 316: 260: 218: 191: 11552:

Autonomy, Sovereignty, and Self-Determination: The Accommodation of Conflicting Rights

10558: 9788:"Gibraltar's Quest for Self-Determination: A Critique of Gibraltar's New Constitution" 8995: 5873: 4997: 4581:

There is not a recognized legal definition of "peoples" in international law. Indeed,

14531: 14445: 14356: 14284: 14269: 14068: 14011: 13816: 13724: 13615: 13535: 13382: 12684: 12517: 12214: 11823: 11686: 11566: 11275: 11271: 11215: 11179: 10956: 10851: 10725: 10179: 10152: 10127: 10117: 10094: 10084: 10008: 9968: 9870: 9736: 9689: 9652: 9611: 9584: 9460: 9261: 9229: 9154: 8832: 8699: 8547: 8491: 8351: 7965: 7957: 7904: 7884: 7857: 7832: 7805: 7748: 7668: 7582: 7336: 7265: 7163: 6930: 6688: 6512: 6480: 6438: 6415: 6411: 6399: 6383: 6375: 6366:, it was subsequently occupied by several major powers, including the empires of the 6359: 6225: 6172: 6060: 5786: 5752: 5688: 5348: 5244: 4784: 4588:

Reviewing various international judgements and UN resolutions, Vita Gudeleviciute of

4481: 4465: 4389: 4334: 4326: 4259: 3687: 3659: 3655: 3510: 3456: 3318: 3213: 3147: 3058: 2986: 2971: 2756: 2699: 2498: 2406: 2297: 2217: 2056: 1334: 1004: 989: 964: 819: 785: 763: 671: 649: 634: 612: 544: 519: 514: 396: 361: 346: 265: 250: 198: 171: 12059: 11563:

The political and Cultural Locations of National Self-determination: The Oromia Case

11316: 5679:

The right to self-determination is referred to in the pre-amble of Chapter 1 of the

4554:

expressed joy and jubilation on their day of independence, July 9, 2011, from Sudan.

3813:

had already gained internationally recognized independence at the conclusion of the

3592: 14408: 14393: 14321: 14242: 14212: 14043: 13879: 13585: 13158: 13153: 13004: 12902: 12343: 12313: 12308: 12267: 12189: 12016: 11704: 11493: 11267: 10533: 10306: 10000: 9992: 9057: 8820: 8535: 7740: 7717: 7574: 7468: 7421: 7416: 7392:

List of national liberation movements recognized by intergovernmental organizations

7341: 7309: 7304: 7253: 7074: 6752: 6737: 6665: 6504: 6496: 6468: 6423: 6391: 6355: 6293:. they sought to consolidate several of the previous ruled entities then there was 6212: 6200: 6069: 5963: 5919: 5877: 5558: 5453: 5433: 5382: 5196: 5101:

Self-determination has become the topic of some debate in Australia in relation to

5006: 4886: 4882: 4692: 4322: 4223: 4167: 4003: 3841:

also achieved independence from Britain. Other efforts were unsuccessful, like the

3830: 3810: 3709:

was a somewhat selective application of the principle of self-determination as the

3560: 3514: 3487: 3310: 3110: 3095: 3023: 2944: 2914: 2731: 2567: 2267: 1832: 1827: 1670: 1560: 1074: 974: 959: 949: 912: 907: 758: 484: 341: 19:

This article is about self-determination in international law. For other uses, see

10114:

The Politics of Dialogue: Living Under the Geopolitical Histories of War and Peace

9856: 9333:

Government of Canada, Foreign Affairs Trade and Development Canada (11 May 2014).

8539: 7918:, paper presented at International Studies Association Annual Meeting, March 2000. 6167:, Iraq), each of these fledgling states was crushed by military intervention. The 4889:

was based on the borders of existing counties and did not include all of historic

14511: 14423: 14331: 14227: 14176: 14036: 14021: 14001: 13966: 13679: 13590: 13525: 13332: 13282: 13068: 12927: 12512: 12496: 12476: 12251: 11690: 11356: 11349: 11248: 10832: 10794: 10763: 10732: 10633: 10484: 9824: 9683: 9646: 9605: 9567:

Argentina's Position on Different Aspects of the Question of the Malvinas Islands

9407: 9019: 9001: 8913: 8874: 8853: 8693: 8388: 8358: 8298: 8268: 8231: 7915: 7878: 7458: 6867:

homeland have argued that their goals are reasonable under this new legislation.

6681: 6623: 6549: 6343: 6330: 6164: 6117: 6102: 6088: 5895: 5844: 5546: 5269: 5212: 5204: 5188: 5068: 5054: 4758: 4746: 4724: 4700: 4121: 4046: 3970: 3962: 3932: 3920: 3877: 3838: 3821:, it was still included in the Statute of Westminster. This statute built on the 3631: 3518: 3329: 3301: 3125: 3033: 2929: 2872: 2724: 2709: 2689: 2654: 2361: 2272: 2207: 2006: 1956: 1734: 1585: 1153: 1079: 979: 748: 743: 708: 676: 539: 489: 479: 474: 413: 366: 336: 306: 301: 203: 9838: 9036: 9012: 7664:

A History of the Self-Determination of Peoples: The Domestication of an Illusion

6782:(which eventually managed to contain the autonomist and separatist tendencies). 4835:

confirmed by all participants in the Canadian federation could allow secession.

14418: 14376: 14346: 14336: 14254: 14247: 14232: 14222: 14058: 13994: 13936: 13931: 13916: 13699: 13694: 13689: 13575: 13510: 13046: 13019: 12872: 12574: 12481: 12361: 12333: 12174: 12021: 11989: 11954: 11915: 11636: 11208:

The South Tyrol question, 1866-2010 : from national rage to regional state

11172:

The South Tyrol question, 1866-2010 : from national rage to regional state

11010:"Membership of UK political parties - Commons Library briefing - UK Parliament" 10806:

Dynamics of Self-determination in Palestine, P. J. I. M. De Waart - 1994, p 191

10497: 10477: 9537: 8905: 7932: 7443: 7346: 7319: 7219: 7203: 7199: 7168: 7116:, a power reserved by the 1953 Resolution. This followed the 1967 passage of a 7055: 6859: 6508: 6492: 6476: 6472: 6449: 6434: 6249: 6113: 5906:. The successful implementation of this vision led to the establishment of the 5903: 5868: 5529: 5525: 5449: 4775: 4651: 4520: 4473: 4416: 4358: 4277:. The empire was in decline but adapted to these circumstances by creating the 4274: 4267: 4219: 4155: 4114: 3924: 3893: 3869: 3782: 3774: 3695: 3647: 3604: 3564: 3297: 3290: 3217: 3120: 3078: 3048: 3038: 2956: 2949: 2934: 2924: 2746: 2682: 2624: 2619: 2604: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2257: 2192: 1712: 1685: 1530: 1204: 969: 691: 529: 331: 311: 255: 10708: 9648:

The struggle for the Falkland Islands: a study in legal and diplomatic history

8568: 8163: 7270: 7081:

under the United States, with the least amount of independent control, to the

6748:

in Italy, or even outright independence from the latter. It also promotes the

5778:" and the pro-independence movement emerged on the Hong Kong political scene. 4932: 3336:

put it: "the people cannot decide until somebody decides who are the people".

14495: 14430: 14053: 13989: 13974: 13836: 13801: 13781: 13652: 13595: 13530: 12949: 12852: 12486: 11984: 11768: 11617: 11432: 11380: 10885:. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism. 1–3. 10666: 10646: 10351: 9265: 9233: 8352:

Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

8138: 7011: 6995: 6837: 6673: 6565: 6371: 6294: 6221: 5891: 5550: 5140: 4870: 4851: 4754: 4712: 4582: 4512: 4453:

After decades of civil war, Indonesia finally recognized the independence of

4397: 4350: 4191: 4159: 4071:

Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

3905: 3901: 3759: 3750: 3663: 3530: 3333: 3206: 3132: 2741: 2677: 2662: 2518: 2483: 2463: 2334: 2277: 2212: 1607: 1510: 994: 885: 524: 504: 499: 326: 116: 10131: 10098: 8668:"Normative Conflict – Territorial Integrity and National Self-Determination" 7908: 6491:

in the 1950s. Politically, there was no majority/minority relation between

4198:

to support a communist government assailed by local tribal groups. However,

14264: 14151: 13979: 13946: 13926: 13856: 13846: 13826: 13806: 13442: 13342: 13078: 13053: 12917: 12857: 12822: 12787: 12782: 11798: 10747:

Page of the Court case (The Defendant: Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus)

10413:"General Assembly 18th Session – the Question of Malaysia (pages: 41 – 44)" 9986: 8113: 7945: 7411: 7283: 7279: 6756: 6647: 6410:

assumed control of the island, while the late king's Venetian widow, Queen

6387: 5584: 5479: 5413:

Almost three years later (1 October 2017), the Catalan government called a

5286: 4504: 4314: 4175: 4171: 4147: 4074: 3947: 3885: 3850: 3691: 3679: 3306: 3233: 3225: 2966: 2847: 2667: 2634: 2614: 2538: 2528: 2508: 2488: 2116: 2016: 1744: 1719: 1575: 1515: 1480: 1445: 1440: 1116: 944: 567: 534: 509: 275: 270: 235: 166: 161: 146: 76: 11994: 9996: 7688: 6614:

Palestinian self-determination is the aspiration of some Palestinians and

6539:, the laws of Northern Cyprus is valid in the north of Cyprus. ECtHR did 5847:, after all peoples also need territory and a central government to reach 5698:

has agreed to recognise the right to self-determination of Gibraltarians.

5247:

in 1990, 2002 and 2006. Since self-determination is not recognized in the

4377: 3662:. However, this imposition of states where some nationalities (especially 14166: 14126: 14094: 13961: 13921: 13761: 13674: 13625: 13600: 13500: 13200: 12939: 12922: 12877: 12792: 11893: 10032: 9384:"Trepidation, intimidation in eastern Ukraine as Sunday's election nears" 7371: 7158:

Since the late 20th century, some states periodically discuss desires to

7109: 7054:

and their descendants, as well as colonists and later settlers under the

6922: 6888: 6880: 6626:, as well as to the international right of self-determination applied to 6484: 6363: 6278: 6228:

sought to establish a separate country for the Nagas. Phizo's group, the

6217: 5941: 5848: 5243:

Basque nationalists. The right of self-determination was asserted by the

5132: 5038: 5002: 4670: 4630: 4551: 4528: 4290: 4214: 4207: 4203: 4183: 4078: 3909: 3714: 3502: 3460: 3283: 3279: 2862: 2822: 2790: 2649: 2609: 2443: 2356: 2307: 2282: 2182: 1874: 1597: 1580: 1535: 1450: 1039: 1029: 868: 452: 10826:

Canada: Parti Québécois convention meets as support for separation wanes

10532:

James R. Crawford, "The Creation of States in International Law", 2007.

10200:"United Nations Treaty Series Nr. 10760: Agreement relating to Malaysia" 10004: 8160:"Text of International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights" 7950:

Really existing nationalisms: a post-communist view from Marx and Engels

7278:

Since the late 2000s there has been growing calls for the people of the

6938: 6418:

in 1489, following the abdication of Catherine. The Venetians fortified

1148: 14440: 14435: 14316: 14311: 14207: 14191: 14048: 13941: 13899: 13861: 13669: 13657: 13630: 13620: 13540: 12966: 12961: 12932: 12867: 12706: 12430: 12348: 12031: 8282:

Paul R. Hensel and Michael E. Allison, Department of Political Science

7826: 7561: 7463: 7382:

List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom

7117: 6986: 6934: 6741: 6314: 5929: 5825: 5278: 5160: 5159:. However, their movement was hijacked by the Islamist terrorist group 4706: 4696: 4477: 4454: 4338: 4263: 3742: 3608: 3506: 3483: 3322: 3271: 3229: 3142: 3137: 3018: 3013: 2909: 2885: 2736: 2629: 2587: 2543: 2351: 2339: 2312: 2302: 2222: 1624: 1619: 1590: 1525: 1356: 1133: 1101: 1054: 713: 582: 572: 562: 11649:

United Nations Trust Territories that have achieved self-determination

11612:

Text of International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

7621: 6891:. The German-speaking inhabitants of South Tyrol are protected by the 6301:

and Indonesia on 31 July 1963 to abide by the wishes of the people of

5747: 4795:

founding the People's Republic of China. The 1947 Constitution of the

3985:

independence although its political status continues to be ambiguous.

14341: 14289: 14006: 13605: 12732: 11999: 11969: 11910: 11240: 10175:

Separatism in North East India: Role of Religion, Language and Script

9891:"Andalusian nationalists say 'yes' to Gibraltar's self-determination" 8854:

The Constitutional Right of Secession in Political Theory and History

8594:"Self-Determination of the Peoples of Quebec Under International Law" 7233: 6864: 6849: 6457: 6395: 6109: 5924:

Ever since Pakistan and India's inception in 1947 the legal state of

5626: 5406: 5370: 5344: 5282: 4524: 4443: 4362: 4354: 4310: 4235: 3958: 3950:

threat of seizing parts of Inner Mongolia induced China to recognize

3889: 3881: 3873: 3798: 3675: 3624: 3580: 3556: 3495: 3267: 3256: 3043: 2991: 2694: 2287: 1390: 1014: 11594: 11401:"House votes in favor of resolving Puerto Rico's territorial status" 8384:"East Timor: Indonesia's invasion and the long road to independence" 8301:, research paper at Paul Hensel's Florida State university web site. 7039: 5999: 5785:

has gained momentum, particularly after the failure of the peaceful

5650: 4831:

in 1998 ruled that only both a clear majority of the province and a

4041: 3935:

proclaimed their independence. Independence was not accepted by the

3730: 3349: 14306: 14136: 14063: 13714: 13640: 13545: 13505: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12742: 11959: 11621: 7828:

National Self-Determination: The Emergence of an International Norm

7198:

There is an active movement based on the self-determination of the

7007: 6733: 6646:

along borders, as well the preservation of important sites such as

6619: 6593: 6453: 6274: 5974: 5580: 5445: 5437: 5224: 5122: 5018: 4532: 4420: 4318: 3865: 3615:, they called for Russia's immediate withdrawal as a member of the 3252: 3237: 3008: 2832: 2751: 2396: 2322: 2227: 2187: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1400: 1128: 1111: 1044: 824: 11484:

Autonomy, Self Governance and Conflict Resolution (Kindle Edition)

9137:"Spain's Constitutional Court strikes down Catalan referendum law" 8645: 5981:

However, despite boycott calls by separatist leaders in 2014, the

4625:

National self-determination appears to challenge the principle of

4604: 3357:

This section may contain original research or biased language and

37: 12817: 12711: 12691: 12664: 12639: 12543: 11932: 11819:

Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin

10350:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

7207: 6779: 6574: 6461: 6430: 6419: 6367: 5887: 5860: 5533: 5517: 5487: 5444:, using self-determination, Russia's history of bad treatment of 5365:, in which between 600,000 and 1.5 million citizens marched, the 5228: 5148: 5058: 4757:

has dictated whether a minority can secede. In the United States

4737:

best interest of the state to allow the secession of this group.

4644: 4304: 4289:

which resulted in Islamic Pakistan and Secular India. Before the

4231: 4082: 3763: 3738: 3482:

by the people governed These ideas were inspired particularly by

3263: 1475: 1361: 1341: 1314: 1289: 1212: 863: 790: 11684: 11086:"Scotland votes to stay in the EU—but is dragged out by England" 9732:

Emigration from Scotland Between the Wars: Opportunity Or Exile?

6515:' coup to unify the island to Greece, which led to the eventual 5005:

on February 13, 1988. Traditionally considered the start of the

4092:

On 15 December 1960 the United Nations General Assembly adopted

3965:

renounced control over many of its former possessions including

13766: 12797: 12696: 12674: 12669: 12619: 12110:

Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic

10815:

The Failure of the Two-State Solution, Hani Faris - 2013, p 177

9488:"Overwhelming turnout and YES vote in the Falklands referendum" 8048: 8046: 8044: 7191: 7059: 7043: 6669: 6525: 6500: 6488: 6347: 6196: 5907: 5864: 5554: 5328: 5311: 5306: 5177: 5156: 5084: 4890: 4824: 4618: 4508: 4489: 4485: 4428: 4054: 3974: 3786: 3734: 3667: 3451:

The norm of self-determination can be originally traced to the

3202: 2448: 1455: 1346: 1324: 1319: 1269: 1096: 878: 873: 461: 29: 11008:

Loft, Philip; Dempsey, Noel; Audickas, Lukas (9 August 2019).

10682:

on which they operated...the Court has already found that the

8135:"Text of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights" 5936:

to accede to India on legal terms. When this Act was taken to

4206:

nations rebelling against colonial or puppet regimes. In many

4028:

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

3762:

process in the 19th century, 90% of the people in Danzig were

13776: 12624: 10983:"Scottish independence support maintains lead in latest poll" 9135:

López-Fonseca, El País, Rebeca Carranco, Óscar (2017-10-17).

7038:

groups seek to "recreate" an ethnic-based state to be called

6876: 6098: 5821: 5795:

Chinese political interference in the University of Hong Kong

5657:. and there was no attempt to settle the islands until 1841. 5621:, 99.8% voted to remain British. As administering power, the 5152: 5072: 4796: 4699:

greater decision-making power to new or existing subunits or

4227: 4179: 3966: 3671: 2458: 1274: 11606:

Text of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

10055:"January 5th – Remembrance of Self-determination in Kashmir" 9607:

The Sovereignty Dispute Over the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands

9408:"Ukraine's Poroshenko warns of 'full-scale' Russia invasion" 9335:"Canada Rejects Illegitimate Referendums in Eastern Ukraine" 8361:, General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960. 8041: 6933:

by Romania. Some of these areas were inhabited by an ethnic

6732:

in Italian) is a social, cultural and political movement in

6483:

in 1878 and formally annexed by Britain at the beginning of

5828:

marching for the right to self-determination as part of the

14388: 14217: 12246:

UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)

11645:

Unofficial page for London-based Parliamentary lobby group.

10936:

Carrell, Severin; correspondent, Scotland (23 April 2012).

10496: 7604:

Encyclopedia of International Relations and Global Politics

6763: 6528:'s invasion in 1974, Turkish Cypriots were concentrated in 6321:

because Indonesia opposed the violation of the agreements.

5536:. However, many in the international community assert that 5144: 5080: 5076: 4404:

and reduced nuclear arms in Europe, while liberalizing the

4050: 4010:, which accepted those principles. The ratification of the 3501:

Nationalist sentiments emerged inside traditional empires:

3090: 2919: 11433:

Special Issue: Self-determination—A Double-edged Principle

8906:

Sixth Scholarly Panel: Cultural Identity in the New Europe

4434:

In December 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president and the

4396:

in March 1985. With the cooperation of the U.S. President

11624:, published in Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy. 11335: 11035:"Scottish independence referendum: final results in full" 9839:"The Legal Status of Gibraltar: Whose Rock is it Anyway?" 8974:

Basque parliament adopts resolution on self-determination

8404:

Self-determination, International Society And World Order

7096:

Native Americans and their supporters protest during the

6452:

frequently raided Cyprus. In 1539 the Ottomans destroyed

4135: 11451:

Self-Determination and Self-Administration: A Sourcebook

11263:

The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest

10072: 9112:. Catalan News Agency. 28 September 2013. Archived from 4711:

Self-determination can be at odds with the principle of

4686: 10686:

set up in the "TRNC" was to be considered to have been

9938:(d) capacity to enter into relations with other states' 7909:

Self-Determination: The Legacy of the French Revolution

7387:

List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies

6456:

and so fearing the worst, the Venetians also fortified

4753:

In liberal constitutional democracies the principle of

4683:

the right to self-determination was a universal right.

11498:

Globalization, Violent Conflict and Self-Determination

9576: 9035:(in Spanish). Goizargi.com. 2002-01-27. Archived from 8764:. UN Department of Public Information. 20 October 2008 8591: 5067:

is a political movement and nationalist desire of the

5017:(also known as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic), in the 4761:

acknowledged that secession might be possible through

11473:

Globalization and Self-Determination (Kindle Edition)

11027: 10615:

Self-Determination and Secession in International Law

9991:. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Ltd. 9310:. Catalan News Agency. 6 October 2017. Archived from 8875:

Creating New States: Theory and Practice of Secession

8209:

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1654 (XVI)

7985:"What Is Meant By The Self-Determination of Nations?" 7330:

United Nations list of non-self-governing territories

6799:

ceased to exist as a sovereign state in 1707, as did

6414:, reigned as figurehead. Venice formally annexed the 6199:

was established in 2012, amongst the upheaval of the

5962:

Indian soldiers on the streets of Kashmir during the

5182:

2014 human chain for Basque Country's right to decide

3860:. Japan joined the Allied Powers in World War I and 3212:

Self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern

11809:

Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador

11449:

Danspeckgruber, Wolfgang F., and Arthur Watts, eds.

11360: 10935: 10478:

Behice Ozlem Gokakin, MS Thesis, Bilkent Univ., 2001

9452: 9332: 8286:

and Ahmed Khanani, Department of Political Science,

8224:

General Assembly 15th Session - resolution 1541 (XV)

7856:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 539-540. 6311:

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV)

6203:, but has not been recognized by any foreign state. 4707:

Self-determination versus majority rule/equal rights

4178:, along with support for revolutionary movements in 4094:

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV)

4067:

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV)

4024:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

12234:

Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (ILO C169)

11590:

Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law

11007: 10570:

Ethnic Cleansing and the European Union, p. 12

9893:. Gibraltar Chronicle. 11 July 2013. Archived from 9793:. OREGON REVIEW OF INT’L LAW . 2007. Archived from 9603: 8955:

The Normative Bases of the Global Territorial Order

8068:

Franciszek Mamuszka Wiedza Powszechna, 1966 page 83

7643:. United Kingdom: Taylor&Francis. p. 655. 11622:Self-Determination, Non-Domination, and Federalism 11331:"Puerto Ricans favor statehood for the first time" 11315:For complete statistics of these plebiscites, see 10915: 10657:in domestic law for the purposes of the Convention 10647:European Court of Human Rights 02.07.2013 Decision 9866:Self-Determination of Peoples: A Legal Reappraisal 9762:. Gibraltarlaws.gov.gi. 2006-12-14. Archived from 9456:Britain and Latin America: A Changing Relationship 8691: 8665: 6112:is a historical region primarily inhabited by the 4878:and stated a determination to resist it by force. 4146:Decolonization in the world was contrasted by the 14352:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 12262:UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (UNDROP) 11328: 10929: 10850:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. pp. 106–108. 10325: 10323: 10105: 9446: 8488:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism 7854:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism 7802:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism 7639:Foweraker, Joe; Clarke, Paul Barry, eds. (2003). 7062:governments. Supporters of the proposed state of 3993: 3737:), which occupied a strategic location where the 3054:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 14493: 11643:Parliamentarians for National Self-Determination 9196:"Los Mossos, un historial de abusos e impunidad" 8634:"Legal Aspects of the Nagorno-Garabagh Conflict" 8490:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 542. 8315: 8313: 8311: 8309: 8307: 7804:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 542. 7626:The Princeton Encyclopedia of Self-Determination 6766:, the Sardinian movement has its origins on the 5327:was fought between Biafran secessionists of the 5143:peoples was divided up by the modern borders of 14012:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 12168:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights 11839:International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs 11496:, Frances Stewart, Rajesh Venugopal (Editors), 11431:Abulof, Uriel and Cordell, Karl (eds.) (2015). 10843: 10627:Impediments to Peacekeeping: The Case of Cyprus 10234:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 10171: 9862: 9222:"El 1 de octubre: el día del divorcio policial" 8247:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 7638: 7558:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 7147:use the language of self-determination. A 2008 6966:There are several movements in advocacy of the 6378:, from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by 6313:, Principle 9 of the Annex taking into account 6285:, however, no referendum was ever conducted in 5841:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 4843:the unsuccessful ratification process in 2005. 4605:Self-determination versus territorial integrity 4576: 2700:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 13494:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 11859:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization 11135: 11133: 10320: 9728: 9433:"The Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008" 8961:, Volume 21, no. 2 (June 2010), pp. 306 – 323. 8727:"The Challenge of Sovereignty in small states" 8515:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 52–53. 7778: 7776: 7774: 7772: 7770: 7768: 7766: 7764: 7479:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization 6426:, and used it as an important commercial hub. 5583:is run as a federation of semi-self-governing 5474:, and again on November 12, 1944, forming the 4647:. A line to enter a polling place, 11 May 2014 4495:As noted, self-determination movements remain 2176:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 12559: 12446: 11670: 11527:In pursuit of The Right to Self-determination 9943: 9644: 9134: 8864:, Volume 17, no. 4 (Fall 2003), pp. 39 – 100. 8304: 7831:. Russell Sage Foundation. pp. 186–233. 7824: 7721:all people had a right to self-determination. 7315:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations 6836:but, as of July 2022, British Prime Minister 5035:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations 3946:recognized China's sovereignty. However, the 3179: 1173: 421: 11844:National Indigenous Organization of Colombia 11834:Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism 10938:"Scottish independence: the essential guide" 10144: 9681: 9159:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 8685: 8670:. Centre for Social Sciences. Archived from 8510: 8331:School of Law, Volume 2, No. 2 (April 2005). 8032: 7825:Hecher, Michael; Borland, Elizabeth (2001). 7730: 7244:people has been violently suppressed by the 7194:for the independence of Western Sahara, 2007 6990:A Native American woman in traditional dress 6252:. An experience concerned the findings of a 4273:In 1947, India gained independence from the 4258:had gained control of mainland China in the 4142:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 13710:List of people killed for being transgender 11130: 10875: 10735:The news of the Court decision (13.10.2014) 10209:. United Nations. July 1963. Archived from 10148:Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Nagaland 10138: 9869:. Cambridge University Press. p. 209. 9818:Despatch. Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006 9735:. Manchester University Press. p. 91. 9355:"EU@UN - EU Council conclusions on Ukraine" 8631: 8445: 8443: 8441: 8439: 7761: 7667:. Cambridge University Press. p. 118. 7274:A march for Cape Independence, January 2023 7006:), which have retained a certain degree of 6821:referendum on independence was held in 2014 6630:. Such sentiments are features of both the 6243: 6028:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 5755:put up before a football match between the 5375:parliamentary elections on 25 November 2012 3904:to intervene on their behalf. However, the 3533:in China. Meanwhile, in Europe itself, the 2392:List of people killed for being transgender 12566: 12552: 12453: 12439: 11677: 11663: 11634:The Right of Nations to Self-Determination 11565:, Oromia Quarterly, Vol. II, No. 2, 1999. 11104: 11078: 11052: 11001: 10975: 10901:, Acta Sociologica, vol. 35, 1992, p. 267. 10837: 10581:"BBC Timeline: Cyprus, accessed 2-26-2008" 9722: 9050: 8848: 8846: 8844: 8842: 8695:Self-Determination and National Minorities 7660: 7581:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 8. 6736:calling for the self-determination of the 6672:have wanted the province to separate from 6642:, annexation efforts in East Jerusalem or 5637:Malvinas and South Atlantic Islands Museum 5545:arguments that the de facto separation of 4935:. Please do not remove this message until 3575: 3220:as an authoritative interpretation of the 3186: 3172: 1180: 1166: 428: 414: 12100:National Commission on Indigenous Peoples 11060:"Scotland backs Remain as UK votes Leave" 10923:La Sardegna durante il ventennio fascista 10538:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199228423.001.0001 9570: 9459:. Cambridge University Press. p. 3. 8877:, p. 222, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007. 8638:Caucasian Review of International Affairs 8601:Journal of Transnational Law & Policy 8449: 8278: 8276: 7883:. Cambridge University Press. p. 5. 7601: 7573: 7529:Encyclopedia of International Development 7402:National delimitation in the Soviet Union 7362:Informational self-determination (German) 7145:state, regional and city secession groups 6819:, campaigns for Scottish independence. A 6048:Learn how and when to remove this message 5883:beneath a large portrait of Theodor Herzl 5805:. According to a survey conducted by the 5605:Self-determination is referred to in the 4955:Learn how and when to remove this message 4347:Indonesia promptly invaded and annexed it 3694:created in the territories of the former 3658:as new states out of the wreckage of the 3492:United States Declaration of Independence 3434:Learn how and when to remove this message 12833:Social determinants of health in poverty 12460: 12090:National Institute of Indigenous Peoples 10709:"HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights" 10111: 9988:Encyclopedia of Modern Political Thought 9948:. Kluwer Law International. p. 20. 9583:. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 38. 9219: 8926:"The Reform of the Constitution in 2003" 8698:. Oxford University Press. p. 239. 8666:S. Neil MacFarlane (December 14, 2010). 8436: 7979: 7977: 7788:Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy, 7606:. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. 7531:. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. 7504:"Self determination (international law)" 7269: 7227: 7185: 7091: 6985: 6583: 6564: 6334: 6297:, an agreement between the Philippines, 6092: 6059: 5957: 5872: 5816: 5746: 5670: 5631: 5511: 5400: 5310: 5176: 5126: 5097:Indigenous Australian self-determination 4996: 4931:Relevant discussion may be found on the 4850:held in 2003, every municipality in the 4660: 4635: 4608: 4546: 4423:, while in the 1990s Yugoslavia began a 4376: 4087:Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories 4040: 3591: 3588:in Europe after World War I (as of 1923) 3579: 3313:, jointly declared on 14 August 1941 by 3246: 1491:Social determinants of health in poverty 12210:UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 10696:lacked independence and/or impartiality 10559:Saltzman and Evinch and Perles Law Firm 10151:. Mittal Publications. pp. 78–79. 9836: 9830: 9757:"The Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006" 9610:. Oxford University Press. p. 26. 9453:Victor Bulmer-Thomas (17 August 1989). 8839: 7876: 7656: 7654: 7526: 6077:Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present) 5625:deemed that transfer of sovereignty to 5581:Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 5021:region, declared its independence in a 4969:list of historical separatist movements 4669:, calls rose for self-determination by 4400:, Gorbachev wound down the size of the 4132:is as important as self-determination. 3286:, the principle was encouraged by both 14494: 12080:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada 11630:Legal Frontiers International Law Blog 11329:Castillo, Mariano (November 8, 2012). 11241:Professor Predicts 'Hispanic Homeland' 10871:Sardismo, lemma, Garzanti Linguistica. 10192: 10078: 9984: 9944:Jasentuliyana, Nandasiri, ed. (1995). 9927:. Cambridge University Press. p. 9651:. Yale University Press. p. 456. 9084:"Catalunya clama por la independencia" 8947: 8525: 8519: 8485: 8273: 7851: 7799: 7731:Daniel, Thürer; Thomas, Burri (2008). 7042:, after the legendary homeland of the 6695:, many of whom were supporters of the 6537:European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) 6238:National Socialist Council of Nagaland 6135:, the treaty was then annulled by the 5791:Bill to Strengthen Internet Censorship 5675:Gibraltar National Day, September 2013 5223:) is a European region in the western 4857: 4388:The Cold War began to wind down after 4136:The communist versus capitalist worlds 3898:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 3749:in 1919, the Polish delegation led by 3570: 3317:, President of the United States, and 12547: 12434: 11965:Lands inhabited by indigenous peoples 11864:Zapatista Army of National Liberation 11658: 11204: 11168: 10029:"A Way Out for Kashmir? - Solidarity" 8806: 7974: 7622:"Legal Aspects of Self-Determination" 5953:1987 Jammu and Kashmir state election 5890:is a nationalist ideology founded by 5812: 5685:2002 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum 5268: 5215:(not to be confused with the homonym 4740: 4687:Methods of increasing minority rights 4561:United Nations Millennium Declaration 4372: 4150:'s successful post-war expansionism. 4035:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 3988: 3553:all seeking or winning independence. 3486:'s writings of the previous century. 3278:The concept emerged with the rise of 14476: 13516:Capital punishment for homosexuality 12838:Social determinants of mental health 11259: 10083:. Orient Longman. pp. 153–161. 9918: 9604:Lowell S. Gustafson (7 April 1988). 8592:Johan D. van der Vyver (Fall 2000). 8450:Pavkodic, Aleksander; Radan, Peter. 7651: 7397:Lists of active separatist movements 7310:Boundary problem (political science) 7098:Washington Redskins name controversy 6901:South Tyrolean independence movement 6256:that led the British territories of 6026:adding citations to reliable sources 5993: 5983:Jammu and Kashmir Assembly elections 5611:Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute 5601:Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute 5496:East Turkistan Independence Movement 5466:East Turkestan independence movement 4981:lists of active separatist movements 4905: 3862:attacked German colonial possessions 3705:One of the German objections to the 3372:adding citations to reliable sources 3343: 3309:, the principle was included in the 2198:Capital punishment for homosexuality 1496:Social determinants of mental health 13636:Genital modification and mutilation 8325:International Journal of Baltic Law 7745:10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/e873 7325:Special Committee on Decolonization 6550:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus 6521:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus 5594: 5363:2012 Catalan march for independence 5357:Catalan declaration of independence 5235:in France. Since the 19th century, 5031:evacuation of 99% of the population 4977:list of autonomous areas by country 4111:Special Committee on Decolonization 4073:", which supported the granting of 3652:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 3446: 2318:Genital modification and mutilation 21:Self-determination (disambiguation) 13: 12573: 12240:Convention on Biological Diversity 11374:"Secession: still a popular idea?" 11260:Ness, Immanuel, ed. (2009-07-28). 11214:. Oxford: Peter Lang. p. 77. 11178:. Oxford: Peter Lang. p. 71. 10694:that the "TRNC" courts as a whole 10172:Dr. Kunal Ghosh (1 January 2008). 10031:. 30 November 2001. Archived from 8873:Aleksandar Pavković, Peter Radan, 8825:10.1111/j.1467-9248.1984.tb00163.x 8511:Pictet, Jean; et al. (1987). 8103:, New York: Random House page 219. 8090:, New York: Random House page 218. 8056:, New York: Random House page 211. 7641:Encyclopedia of Democratic Thought 6342:, North Nicosia in 2006, with the 6324: 5768:2014–15 Hong Kong electoral reform 5561:claiming in 2015 that up to 9,000 5542:presidential elections in May 2014 5528:and the south-eastern part of the 5501: 5492:East Turkistan Government in Exile 4488:, its jurisdiction now limited to 3598:United Nations Trusteeship Council 3596:Map of the world in 1945, showing 3459:revolutions, and the emergence of 14: 14563: 12268:High Seas Treaty (BBNJ Agreement) 11578: 11438:Danspeckgruber, Wolfgang F., ed. 11317:Elections in Puerto Rico: Results 10178:. Suruchi Prakashan. p. 85. 9946:Perspectives on international law 9846:Fordham International Law Journal 9090:. El Periodico. 11 September 2012 7508:LII / Legal Information Institute 7175: 7162:. Unilateral secession was ruled 6475:in 1878. Cyprus was placed under 6402:. Following the death in 1473 of 6362:. As a strategic location in the 6236:. However, three factions of the 5881:proclaiming Israel's independence 5459: 5166: 5131:Tuareg rebels in the short-lived 5001:The first major demonstration in 4542: 4497:strong in some areas of the world 4194:Czechoslovak reforms of 1968. It 3912:who did not wish to leave China. 929:List of nationalist organizations 14475: 14466: 14465: 14115:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 13952:Law for Protection of the Nation 13852:White genocide conspiracy theory 12407: 12406: 12120:Government of the Sakha Republic 11829:Indigenous Environmental Network 11710:Free, prior and informed consent 11556:University of Pennsylvania Press 11393: 11366: 11343: 11322: 11309: 11288: 11272:10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp1253 11253: 11234: 11198: 11162: 10904: 10891: 10864: 10818: 10809: 10800: 10781: 10769: 10750: 10738: 10719: 10701: 10680:"constitutional and legal basis" 10660: 10640: 10620: 10608: 10598: 10573: 10564: 10552: 10542: 10526: 10490: 10471: 10450: 10429: 10405: 10381: 10357: 10345: 10300: 10269: 10238: 10227: 10207:United Nations Treaty Collection 10165: 10081:Hill politics in Northeast India 10079:Chaube, Shibani Kinkar (1999) . 10047: 10021: 9978: 9957: 9909: 9883: 9435:. Legislation.gov.uk. 2011-07-04 7956:, Oxford University Press, 1995 7182:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 6981: 5998: 5646:re-establishment of British rule 5553:and an invasion by neighbouring 5139:The traditional homeland of the 4910: 4901: 4349:. In 1999, Indonesian president 4299:Bangladesh obtained independence 4057:disintegrated after World War II 3621:Constitution of the Soviet Union 3348: 2811:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 2640:Law for Protection of the Nation 2534:White genocide conspiracy theory 1211: 1147: 36: 13957:MSM blood donation restrictions 13705:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 12394:Persecution of Uyghurs in China 12256:Fair Access and Benefit-Sharing 11940:Dakota Access Pipeline protests 11584:Thürer, Daniel, Burri, Thomas. 11414: 11014:Researchbriefings.parliament.uk 9811: 9780: 9749: 9712: 9675: 9638: 9597: 9577:Angel M. Oliveri López (1995). 9544: 9526: 9505: 9480: 9425: 9400: 9376: 9347: 9326: 9300: 9278: 9246: 9220:Carranco, Rebeca (2018-09-30). 9213: 9188: 9167: 9128: 9102: 9076: 9025: 9006: 8989: 8964: 8918: 8898: 8880: 8867: 8809:"A Liberal Theory of Secession" 8800: 8776: 8754: 8719: 8659: 8625: 8585: 8554: 8504: 8479: 8468: 8413: 8396: 8376: 8364: 8345: 8334: 8251: 8236: 8213: 8198: 8177: 8152: 8127: 8106: 8093: 8080: 8071: 8059: 8026: 7998: 7939: 7921: 7897: 7870: 7845: 7818: 7793: 7737:Oxford Public International Law 7724: 7707: 7681: 7602:Griffiths, Martin, ed. (2013). 7259: 7114:political status of Puerto Rico 6910: 6843: 6281:self-determination being held. 5807:Chinese University of Hong Kong 4154:and several regional states in 4063:United Nations General Assembly 3827:British Commonwealth of Nations 3627:for its constituent republics. 3611:came to power in Russia in the 3359:needs additional citations for 2645:MSM blood donation restrictions 2387:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 63:Natural rights and legal rights 53:Claim rights and liberty rights 13970:(as religious or racial quota) 12304:2009 Peruvian political crisis 11814:Congress of Aboriginal Peoples 10458:"United Nations Member States" 8858:Journal of Libertarian Studies 7661:Jörg Fisch (9 December 2015). 7632: 7614: 7595: 7567: 7547: 7538: 7520: 7496: 7367:International relations theory 7240:The self-determination of the 7026:, and tribal governments. The 6870: 6825:UK referendum on EU membership 6813:Scottish independence movement 6699:during the late-20th century. 6602:Palestinian self-determination 6448:Throughout Venetian rule, the 6406:, the last Lusignan king, the 6254:United Nations Assessment Team 6197:local Kurdish-dominated polity 6124:, an entity recognised by the 6068:'s female fighters during the 5839:have claimed through the 2007 5737:Sino-British Joint Declaration 5538:referendums held there in 2014 5476:Second East Turkestan Republic 5065:Assyrian independence movement 5051:Assyrian independence movement 4846:As a result of the successful 4503:independence, such as Taiwan, 4382:Changes in national boundaries 4248:Second East Turkestan Republic 3994:The UN Charter and resolutions 3745:, be ceded to Poland. At the 2658:(as religious or racial quota) 1020:Historiography and nationalism 470:Nationalism in the Middle Ages 1: 14384:Second-generation gender bias 14100:Constitutional colorblindness 12828:Social determinants of health 12135:Council of Indigenous Peoples 11423:Lithuanian Historical Studies 10311:There was no Sabah referendum 10116:. Ashgate. pp. 171–173. 9919:Shaw, Malcolm Nathan (2003). 9685:The Falkland story, 1592–1982 8893:Cornell University Law School 8762:"General Assembly GA/SPD/406" 8540:10.1080/17449057.2015.1051809 7490: 7232:A Free West Papua protest in 7213: 7166:by the U.S. Supreme Court in 7160:secede from the United States 7106:U.N. Decolonization Committee 7083:Hawaiian sovereignty movement 6972:Chinese occupation since 1950 6962:Tibetan independence movement 6181:Kurdistan Regional Government 6122:Kurdistan Regional Government 5735:(which is ratified under the 5729:special administrative region 5607:Falkland Islands Constitution 5472:First East Turkestan Republic 5440:declared independence as the 5353:Catalan independence movement 4852:Principality of Liechtenstein 4384:after the end of the Cold War 4313:gained independence from the 4295:insurgency in Northeast India 4008:Declaration by United Nations 3952:Outer Mongolia's independence 3086:Second-generation gender bias 2796:Constitutional colorblindness 1486:Social determinants of health 1112:Seasonal or cultural festival 91:Economic, social and cultural 12528:Collective rights management 12319:Expulsion of the Chagossians 11509:University of Nebraska Press 10847:Quebec nationalism in crisis 8655:– via cria-online.org. 8162:. .ohchr.org. Archived from 8137:. .ohchr.org. Archived from 6951:Taiwan independence movement 6755:and the preservation of its 6687:and support for maintaining 6560: 6546:United States' Federal Court 6169:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan 5989: 5772:Chief Executive of Hong Kong 5761:China national football team 5712: 5701: 5660: 5442:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 5428:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 5392:Spanish Constitutional Court 5338: 5249:Spanish Constitution of 1978 5090: 4973:lists of decolonized nations 4643:organized by separatists in 4188:Hungarian revolution of 1956 3843:Indian independence movement 3721:wanted to remain within the 387:Self-determination of people 68:Negative and positive rights 7: 14295:Medical model of disability 14147:Hate speech laws by country 12115:Government of Bashkortostan 11980:American Indian reservation 11849:Native American Rights Fund 11500:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. 10925:, Università di Tor Vergata 10757:Justia, Dockets and Filings 10745:Justia, Dockets and Filings 10692:not accepted the allegation 10667:ECtHR's 02.09.2015 Decision 8807:Beran, Harry (March 1984). 8692:Thomas D. Musgrave (2000). 8632:M. Mammadov (Winter 2006). 7484:Wars of national liberation 7297: 6976:Tibetan Government in-Exile 6905:Gruber–De Gasperi Agreement 6893:Gruber-De Gasperi Agreement 6807:(1707) created the unified 6785: 6770:of the political spectrum; 6753:of the island's environment 6702: 6697:Quebec sovereignty movement 6660:Quebec sovereignty movement 6640:occupation in the West Bank 6592:, free Palestine" rally in 6553:parts of the island." UK's 6398:for a short period and the 5971:Inter-Services Intelligence 5851:in international politics. 5830:human rights in Philippines 5619:Falkland Islands Government 5568: 5557:, with Ukrainian President 5516:Pro-Russian separatists in 5494:is at the forefront of the 5421: 5415:referendum for independence 5333:Nigerian central government 5265:Basque Homeland and Freedom 4937:conditions to do so are met 4840:European Union Constitution 4827:separation from Canada the 4615:Declaration of Independence 4440:fifteen sovereign republics 4438:relatively peacefully into 4321:. The Netherlands retained 4270:to spread their influence. 3823:Balfour Declaration of 1926 3216:, binding, as such, on the 2997:Medical model of disability 2843:Hate speech laws by country 955:Anti-globalization movement 58:Individual and group rights 10: 14568: 14404:Social model of disability 12883:Discrimination against men 12070:Fundação Nacional do Índio 11538:Cambridge University Press 11425:(2008), Vol. 13, p 21–39. 11145:South African Constitution 10112:Samaddar, Ranabir (2004). 9837:Lincoln, Simon J. (1994). 9260:(in Spanish). 2017-10-01. 8862:Ludwig von Mises Institute 8835:– via Sage Journals. 8644:(1): 14–30. Archived from 8329:Vytautas Magnus University 8037:. Oxford University Press. 7782:Betty Miller Unterberger, 7427:Principle of nationalities 7407:National personal autonomy 7263: 7217: 7179: 7048:Southwestern United States 6959: 6948: 6914: 6856:South African Constitution 6847: 6811:, but has a long-standing 6789: 6706: 6657: 6599: 6328: 6210: 6206: 6177:Kurdistan Democratic Party 6171:which currently holds the 6126:Iraqi Federal Constitution 6097:Pro-independence rally in 6085:Kurdish separatism in Iran 6074: 5917: 5913: 5858: 5803:2016 Mong Kok civil unrest 5716: 5705: 5664: 5598: 5572: 5565:were deployed in Ukraine. 5505: 5484:People’s Republic of China 5463: 5425: 5342: 5304: 5170: 5120: 5094: 5048: 5044: 4990: 4986: 4861: 4823:. In the case of proposed 4767:United States Constitution 4667:2019-20 Hong Kong protests 4590:Vytautas Magnus University 4470:People's Republic of China 4337:relinquished control over 4256:People's Republic of China 4139: 3847:National Socialist Program 3711:Republic of German-Austria 3623:acknowledged the right of 3339: 3106:Social model of disability 1541:Discrimination against men 1085:Principle of nationalities 18: 14461: 14200: 14077: 13870: 13757:Opposition to immigration 13481: 13128: 12975: 12725: 12675:Race / Ethnicity 12612: 12581: 12505: 12469: 12402: 12286: 12223: 12198: 12155: 12047: 12040: 11881: 11804:Assembly of First Nations 11789: 11697: 11247:November 7, 2012, at the 11243:, Associated Press, 2000 10899:The Dynamics of Secession 9688:. A. Nelson. p. 30. 9633:become myth in Argentina. 8895:Supreme Court collection. 7877:Hechter, Michael (2013). 7073:There are several active 6944: 6917:Székely autonomy movement 6740:in a context of national 6653: 6137:Treaty of Lausanne (1923) 5854: 5793:, demonstrations against 5727:The city is considered a 5508:War in Donbas (2014–2022) 5300: 5264: 5116: 5033:. It was a member of the 4848:constitutional referendum 4641:Donetsk status referendum 4061:On 14 December 1960, the 3815:Irish War of Independence 3799:Commonwealth of Australia 3700:League of Nations mandate 2439:Opposition to immigration 1325:Race / Ethnicity 662:Constitutional patriotism 13752:Occupational segregation 13521:Compulsory sterilization 12506:Rights of other entities 12294:Chechen–Russian conflict 12145:Bureau of Indian Affairs 11503:Joanne Barker (Editor), 11455:Lynne Rienner Publishers 11444:Lynne Rienner Publishers 10844:Dominique Clift (1982). 9985:Claeys, Gregory (2013). 9863:Antonio Cassese (1998). 9202:(in Spanish). 2017-10-03 8959:Diplomacy and Statecraft 8912:January 5, 2009, at the 8891:, 74 U.S. 700 (1868) at 8284:Florida State University 8114:"United Nations Charter" 7248:since the withdrawal of 7050:, historic territory of 7046:. It would comprise the 6994:The colonization of the 6955: 6809:Kingdom of Great Britain 6616:Palestinian nationalists 6530:Turkish Cypriot enclaves 6467:Having invaded in 1570, 6319:Indonesian confrontation 6244:North Borneo and Sarawak 6161:Sulaymaniyah Governorate 6153:West Azerbaijan Province 5708:Greenlandic independence 5589:Constitution of Ethiopia 5383:Spanish Cortes Generales 4833:constitutional amendment 4805:constitutions of Austria 4484:government retreated to 4442:, all of which rejected 4413:revolutions of 1989 – 90 4394:Soviet General Secretary 4222:regimes such as that of 3941:Treaty of Kyakhta (1915) 3923:the Qing Dynasty, while 3817:, as established in the 3785:granted independence to 3529:in juxtaposition to the 3469:settlement at Versailles 2434:Occupational segregation 2203:Compulsory sterilization 45:Theoretical distinctions 14280:Internalized oppression 14142:Fighting Discrimination 14132:Fat acceptance movement 14090:Anti-discrimination law 13730:Native American mascots 12339:Little Danes experiment 12125:Government of Tatarstan 11792:political organizations 11561:Temesgen Muleta-Erena, 11466:Oxford University Press 11386:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 10726:Courthouse News Service 9965:Oxford University Press 9729:Marjory Harper (1998). 9013:¿QUÉ ES EL MLNV? ( y 4) 8267:March 20, 2012, at the 8230:March 20, 2012, at the 8066:Gdańsk i Ziemia Gdańska 7628:. Princeton University. 7449:Consent of the governed 6817:Scottish National Party 6610:Palestinian nationalism 6400:French Lusignan dynasty 6234:Shillong Accord of 1975 5757:Hong Kong Football Team 5609:and is a factor in the 5387:Parliament of Catalonia 5289:group with the goal of 5253:Amejoramiento del Fuero 5233:Northern Basque Country 5107:Torres Strait Islanders 5037:along with three other 4829:Supreme Court of Canada 4792:Chinese Communist Party 4718:tyranny of the majority 4345:in 1975, at which time 4283:Commonwealth of Nations 4241: 3979:Treaty of San Francisco 3644:Austro-Hungarian Empire 3636:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 3576:Europe, Asia and Africa 3531:Manchurian ruling class 3517:in the Ottoman Empire; 3467:, the post-World War I 3300:. Having announced his 3295:United States President 2982:Internalized oppression 2838:Fighting Discrimination 2828:Fat acceptance movement 2786:Anti-discrimination law 2412:Native American mascots 14522:Independence movements 14399:Social identity threat 14372:Reverse discrimination 14362:Racial color blindness 13842:Violence against women 13822:Sex-selective abortion 12324:High Arctic relocation 12226:Declarations of Rights 11923:Cultural appropriation 11854:Survival International 11600:United Nations Charter 11435:, Ethnopolitics 14(5). 11147:. 1996. Archived from 10678:with reference to the 9645:Julius Goebel (1927). 9288:. RAC1. 6 October 2017 9033:"What is the MNLV (3)" 9022:"What is the MNLV (4)" 9000:April 7, 2010, at the 8607:(1–38). Archived from 7292:Cape Liberal Tradition 7275: 7237: 7195: 7101: 6991: 6978:is a notable example. 6881:South Tyrol/Alto Adige 6624:sovereign independence 6597: 6581: 6499:; and hence, in 1960, 6477:British administration 6354:Cyprus was settled by 6351: 6309:within the context of 6106: 6081:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 6072: 5966: 5940:, the last viceroy of 5884: 5833: 5763: 5719:Hong Kong independence 5681:Gibraltar constitution 5676: 5651:should have precedence 5640: 5575:Government of Ethiopia 5521: 5410: 5367:President of Catalonia 5320: 5208: 5200: 5192: 5184: 5136: 5103:Aboriginal Australians 5010: 4838:The 2003 draft of the 4734: 4674: 4648: 4622: 4555: 4519:independence, such as 4436:Soviet Union dissolved 4385: 4102:United Nations Charter 4058: 4022:Article 1 in both the 4012:United Nations Charter 4000:Allies of World War II 3779:Statute of Westminster 3747:Paris Peace Conference 3601: 3589: 3275: 3101:Social identity threat 3074:Reverse discrimination 3064:Racial color blindness 2524:Violence against women 2504:Sex-selective abortion 1010:Gender and nationalism 284:Other groups of rights 14537:Human rights by issue 14367:Religious intolerance 14327:Political correctness 14157:Intersex human rights 14105:Cultural assimilation 13787:Religious persecution 13551:Disability hate crime 12329:Human rights in Tibet 12056:Aotearoa-New Zealand 11950:Fortress conservation 11752:Traditional knowledge 11715:Intellectual property 11545:Theories of Secession 11525:Y.N. Kly and D. Kly, 11266:(1 ed.). Wiley. 11205:Grote, Georg (2012). 11169:Grote, Georg (2012). 10766:Decision of the Court 10653:, may be regarded as 10500:; Tamara Kovziridze. 10145:Hamlet Bareh (2001). 9997:10.4135/9781452234168 9935:Montevideo Convention 9682:Mary Cawkell (1983). 9388:america.aljazeera.com 8456:Macquarie Law Journal 8410:Law Journal, 1, 2003. 7527:Forsyth, Tim (2018). 7474:Territorial integrity 7439:Religious nationalism 7352:Independence movement 7288:South Africa Act 1909 7273: 7246:Indonesian Government 7231: 7189: 7095: 7087:Hawaiian constitution 6989: 6925:, large areas of the 6792:Scottish independence 6714:Sardinian nationalism 6709:Sardinian nationalism 6587: 6568: 6382:. Subsequent rule by 6338: 6230:Naga National Council 6096: 6063: 5961: 5949:insurgency in Kashmir 5876: 5820: 5750: 5741:handover of Hong Kong 5674: 5639:in Buenos Aires, 2015 5635: 5515: 5404: 5314: 5260:Euskadi Ta Askatasuna 5180: 5130: 5000: 4817:Saint Kitts and Nevis 4729: 4664: 4639: 4627:territorial integrity 4612: 4550: 4499:. Some areas possess 4380: 4291:advent of the British 4174:and the countries of 4130:territorial integrity 4044: 3803:Union of South Africa 3713:, which included the 3650:and the union of the 3638:in March 1918 led to 3617:Allies of World War I 3595: 3583: 3315:Franklin D. Roosevelt 3250: 3069:Religious intolerance 3029:Political correctness 2853:Intersex human rights 2801:Cultural assimilation 2469:Religious persecution 2233:Disability hate crime 1060:National indifference 104:Rights by beneficiary 13772:Political repression 12778:Anti-left handedness 12768:Anti-intellectualism 12533:Corporate personhood 12523:Collective agreement 12353:Residential schools 12299:Sri Lankan Civil War 12041:Legal representation 12010:Urban Indian reserve 11899:Internal colonialism 11790:Non-governmental and 11745:in the United States 11639:February – May 1914. 11488:Taylor & Francis 11477:Taylor & Francis 11407:. December 15, 2022. 10688:"established by law" 10676:"established by law" 10655:having a legal basis 10425:on October 29, 2013. 10289:on November 11, 2011 8904:Xenophon Contiades, 8408:Macquarie University 8319:Vita Gudeleviciute, 8099:Macmillan, Margaret 8086:Macmillan, Margaret 8052:Macmillan, Margaret 7936:, July 20, 1919, 69. 7784:"Self-Determination" 7733:"Self-Determination" 6860:South African people 6577:showing support for 6392:Eastern Roman Empire 6358:in two waves in the 6299:Federation of Malaya 6157:Kingdom of Kurdistan 6022:improve this section 5551:pro-Soviet sentiment 5217:Autonomous Community 5187:The Basque Country ( 5041:disputed republics. 4875:uti possidetis juris 4864:Partition (politics) 4569:Macquarie University 4468:and established the 4343:Carnation Revolution 4341:in the aftermath of 4279:British Commonwealth 4213:Soviet actions were 4126:uti possidetis juris 3707:Treaty of Versailles 3600:territories in green 3383:"Self-determination" 3368:improve this article 3330:constitutes a people 2454:Political repression 1436:Anti-left handedness 1426:Anti-intellectualism 985:Cultural nationalism 854:National syndicalist 402:Water and sanitation 14275:Historical eugenics 13812:Segregation academy 13792:Religious terrorism 13581:Enemy of the people 13489:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 13015:Jehovah's Witnesses 12908:Perpetual foreigner 11904:Settler colonialism 11361:Zogby International 10315:Free Malaysia Today 10258:on January 21, 2012 9915:See the following: 9515:. En.mercopress.com 9494:. En.mercopress.com 8788:avalon.law.yale.edu 8574:on January 20, 2012 8035:Fezzes in the River 8006:"The World in 1945" 7695:. February 11, 1918 7454:Popular sovereignty 7250:Dutch colonial rule 7224:Free Papua Movement 7190:A demonstration in 7149:Zogby International 7079:Indian reservations 7036:Chicano nationalist 6968:Tibetan sovereignty 6854:Section 235 of the 6834:Scottish Parliament 6830:Scottish Government 6776:Italian nationalism 6693:Quebec nationalists 6644:freedom of movement 6443:Helena Palaiologina 6380:Alexander the Great 6283:Unlike in Singapore 6266:Malaysia Federation 6149:Republic of Mehabad 5930:Maharaja Hari Singh 5776:Umbrella Revolution 5733:Hong Kong Basic Law 5696:Partido Andalucista 5667:Status of Gibraltar 5644:This refers to the 5617:, organised by the 5532:regions of eastern 5293:. Its ideology was 5291:Basque independence 5015:Republic of Artsakh 4993:Republic of Artsakh 4924:of this section is 4895:Boundary Commission 4881:The border between 4858:Drawing new borders 4613:Celebration of the 4402:Soviet Armed Forces 4323:its New Guinea part 4196:invaded Afghanistan 4033:The United Nations 3937:government of China 3768:Free City of Danzig 3727:Polish independence 3586:territorial changes 3571:World Wars I and II 3535:rise of nationalism 3465:revolutions of 1848 2977:Historical eugenics 2494:Segregation academy 2474:Religious terrorism 2263:Enemy of the people 2171:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 1681:Jehovah's Witnesses 1566:Perpetual foreigner 1154:Politics portal 1107:Right-wing populism 1065:Nationalism studies 86:Civil and political 14502:Political theories 14187:Social integration 14182:Self-determination 14172:Racial integration 14120:Diversity training 14110:Cultural pluralism 14085:Affirmative action 13985:Racial segregation 13895:Crime of apartheid 13797:Religious violence 13307:Indigenous people 12702:Sexual orientation 12492:Self-determination 12389:Stolen Generations 12190:BBNJ ABS Committee 11945:Discovery doctrine 11889:Civilizing mission 11730:Self-determination 11586:Self-determination 11547:, Routledge, 1998. 11355:2008-08-14 at the 10967:has generic name ( 10831:2011-11-28 at the 10793:2017-02-05 at the 10762:2017-10-25 at the 10731:2014-10-22 at the 10713:hudoc.echr.coe.int 10632:2017-02-22 at the 10483:2017-03-06 at the 10401:on March 20, 2012. 9823:2013-11-07 at the 9116:on October 1, 2012 9018:2019-01-15 at the 8953:Sebastian Anstis, 8402:Martin Griffiths, 8357:2012-05-08 at the 8297:2005-05-28 at the 8288:Indiana University 8033:Sarah D. Shields. 7914:2020-03-04 at the 7716:: Clause 3 of the 7357:Indigenous peoples 7276: 7238: 7196: 7143:Many current U.S. 7102: 7052:indigenous peoples 7020:Tribal Sovereignty 7016:federal government 6998:continent and its 6992: 6937:population called 6927:Kingdom of Hungary 6897:Die Freiheitlichen 6685:Quebec nationalism 6670:Province of Quebec 6636:two state solution 6632:one state solution 6606:State of Palestine 6598: 6582: 6513:Greek nationalists 6501:Republic of Cyprus 6489:Republic of Turkey 6408:Republic of Venice 6352: 6270:Cobbold Commission 6179:which governs the 6141:Republic of Ararat 6107: 6073: 5967: 5885: 5837:Indigenous peoples 5834: 5813:Indigenous peoples 5764: 5677: 5641: 5623:British Government 5522: 5411: 5329:Republic of Biafra 5325:Nigerian Civil War 5321: 5317:Nigerian Civil War 5315:A girl during the 5275:Basque nationalist 5237:Basque nationalism 5185: 5173:Basque nationalism 5137: 5111:homelands movement 5027:military offensive 5011: 4783:in 1933 held that 4781:British Parliament 4741:Constitutional law 4675: 4649: 4623: 4577:Defining "peoples" 4556: 4386: 4373:After the Cold War 4331:Act of Free Choice 4325:from the previous 4287:Partition of India 4254:to China. The new 4059: 3989:The Cold War world 3880:. It established 3858:Russo-Japanese War 3819:Anglo-Irish Treaty 3807:British parliament 3613:October Revolution 3602: 3590: 3276: 3199:Self-determination 2881:Social integration 2877:Self-determination 2868:Racial integration 2816:Diversity training 2806:Cultural pluralism 2781:Affirmative action 2673:Racial segregation 2583:Crime of apartheid 2479:Religious violence 1981:Indigenous people 1352:Sexual orientation 1025:Imagined community 859:National Bolshevik 578:Self-determination 14527:Collective rights 14507:International law 14489: 14488: 14357:Racism by country 14285:Intersectionality 14270:Heteronormativity 14069:Voter suppression 13817:Sexual harassment 13616:Forced conversion 13536:Cultural genocide 13206:African Americans 13025:post–Cold War era 13010:Eastern Orthodoxy 12763:Anti-drug addicts 12758:Anti-homelessness 12685:Scientific racism 12541: 12540: 12518:Return of results 12428: 12427: 12413:Indigenous rights 12282: 12281: 12215:Indigenous Caucus 12156:Intergovernmental 12005:Russian republics 11975:Autonomous okrugs 11824:Cultural Survival 11532:Antonio Cassese, 11281:978-1-4051-8464-9 11221:978-3-0353-0303-2 11185:978-3-0353-0303-2 11118:. 3 November 2019 10989:. 3 February 2020 10857:978-0-7735-0383-0 10185:978-81-89622-33-6 10158:978-81-7099-793-1 10123:978-0-7546-3607-6 10014:978-0-87289-910-0 9973:978-0-190-23754-7 9933:Article 1 of the 9923:International law 9742:978-0-7190-4927-9 9695:978-0-904614-08-4 9617:978-0-19-504184-2 9590:978-1-55587-521-3 9466:978-0-521-37205-3 9058:"Nigeria profile" 8813:Political Studies 8705:978-0-19-829898-4 8497:978-0-19-876820-3 8392:. 29 August 2019. 8226:(pages: 509-510) 7970:978-0-19-827959-4 7905:Oxford University 7903:Chimène Keitner, 7890:978-1-107-04254-4 7863:978-0-19-876820-3 7838:978-1-61044-280-0 7811:978-0-19-876820-3 7754:978-0-19-923169-0 7674:978-1-107-03796-0 7575:McWhinney, Edward 7337:Ethnic separatism 7266:Cape Independence 6757:cultural heritage 6689:Québécois culture 6596:, 21 October 2023 6481:Cyprus Convention 6439:John II of Cyprus 6416:Kingdom of Cyprus 6412:Catherine Cornaro 6360:2nd millennium BC 6226:Angami Zapu Phizo 6105:in September 2017 6058: 6057: 6050: 5934:Jammu and Kashmir 5926:Jammu and Kashmir 5898:in the region of 5896:all Jewish people 5801:protests and the 5799:Recover Yuen Long 5787:Umbrella Movement 5751:Pro-independence 5689:Treaty of Utrecht 5409:on 1 October 2018 5373:, called for new 5349:Catalan Countries 5263:or ETA (English: 5245:Basque Parliament 5231:in Spain and the 5135:of Azawad in 2012 4965: 4964: 4957: 4785:Western Australia 4552:Southern Sudanese 4482:Republic of China 4466:Chinese Civil War 4392:assumed power as 4390:Mikhail Gorbachev 4353:was pressured by 4327:Dutch East Indies 4260:Chinese Civil War 4252:Manchurian claims 4045:Western European 3917:Republic of China 3906:Lytton commission 3878:invaded Manchuria 3688:League of Nations 3656:Kingdom of Serbia 3523:Japanese identity 3511:Kemalist ideology 3444: 3443: 3436: 3418: 3319:Winston Churchill 3214:international law 3196: 3195: 3059:Racism by country 2987:Intersectionality 2972:Heteronormativity 2757:Voter suppression 2499:Sexual harassment 2298:Forced conversion 2218:Cultural genocide 1880:African Americans 1691:post–Cold War era 1676:Eastern Orthodoxy 1421:Anti-drug addicts 1416:Anti-homelessness 1335:Scientific racism 1190: 1189: 1005:Gastronationalism 990:Diaspora politics 965:Banal nationalism 438: 437: 96:Three generations 14559: 14547:Decentralization 14479: 14478: 14469: 14468: 14409:Social privilege 14394:Social exclusion 14322:Police brutality 14243:Multiculturalism 14213:Amatonormativity 14044:Social exclusion 13880:Age of candidacy 13680:Homeless dumping 13586:Ethnic cleansing 12568: 12561: 12554: 12545: 12544: 12455: 12448: 12441: 12432: 12431: 12410: 12409: 12344:Mapuche conflict 12314:Chiapas conflict 12309:Alta controversy 12287:Historical cases 12045: 12044: 12027:Rainbow Warriors 12017:Manifest destiny 11705:Ancestral domain 11679: 11672: 11665: 11656: 11655: 11494:Valpy Fitzgerald 11460:Allen Buchanan, 11409: 11408: 11397: 11391: 11370: 11364: 11363:, July 23, 2008. 11347: 11341: 11340: 11326: 11320: 11313: 11307: 11306: 11304: 11303: 11292: 11286: 11285: 11257: 11251: 11238: 11232: 11231: 11229: 11228: 11213: 11202: 11196: 11195: 11193: 11192: 11177: 11166: 11160: 11159: 11157: 11156: 11137: 11128: 11127: 11125: 11123: 11108: 11102: 11101: 11099: 11097: 11082: 11076: 11075: 11073: 11071: 11056: 11050: 11049: 11047: 11045: 11031: 11025: 11024: 11022: 11020: 11005: 10999: 10998: 10996: 10994: 10979: 10973: 10972: 10966: 10962: 10960: 10952: 10950: 10948: 10933: 10927: 10919: 10913: 10908: 10902: 10895: 10889: 10879: 10873: 10868: 10862: 10861: 10841: 10835: 10822: 10816: 10813: 10807: 10804: 10798: 10785: 10779: 10773: 10767: 10754: 10748: 10742: 10736: 10723: 10717: 10716: 10705: 10699: 10664: 10658: 10644: 10638: 10624: 10618: 10612: 10606: 10602: 10596: 10595: 10593: 10592: 10577: 10571: 10568: 10562: 10556: 10550: 10546: 10540: 10530: 10524: 10522: 10520: 10519: 10513: 10507:. Archived from 10506: 10494: 10488: 10475: 10469: 10468: 10466: 10465: 10454: 10448: 10447: 10445: 10444: 10433: 10427: 10426: 10424: 10418:. Archived from 10417: 10409: 10403: 10402: 10400: 10394:. Archived from 10393: 10385: 10379: 10378: 10376: 10375: 10369: 10361: 10355: 10349: 10348: 10344: 10342: 10341: 10335: 10327: 10318: 10317:, March 8, 2013. 10307:Jeffrey Kitingan 10304: 10298: 10297: 10295: 10294: 10288: 10282:. Archived from 10281: 10273: 10267: 10266: 10264: 10263: 10257: 10251:. Archived from 10250: 10242: 10236: 10231: 10225: 10224: 10222: 10221: 10215: 10204: 10196: 10190: 10189: 10169: 10163: 10162: 10142: 10136: 10135: 10109: 10103: 10102: 10076: 10070: 10069: 10067: 10066: 10057:. Archived from 10051: 10045: 10044: 10042: 10040: 10035:on 5 August 2016 10025: 10019: 10018: 9982: 9976: 9961: 9955: 9952: 9940: 9926: 9913: 9907: 9906: 9904: 9902: 9897:on 13 April 2014 9887: 9881: 9880: 9860: 9854: 9853: 9843: 9834: 9828: 9815: 9809: 9808: 9806: 9805: 9799: 9792: 9784: 9778: 9777: 9775: 9774: 9768: 9761: 9753: 9747: 9746: 9726: 9720: 9716: 9710: 9709: 9704: 9702: 9679: 9673: 9672: 9667: 9665: 9642: 9636: 9635: 9626: 9624: 9601: 9595: 9594: 9574: 9568: 9566: 9564: 9563: 9554:. Archived from 9548: 9542: 9541: 9530: 9524: 9523: 9521: 9520: 9509: 9503: 9502: 9500: 9499: 9484: 9478: 9477: 9475: 9473: 9450: 9444: 9443: 9441: 9440: 9429: 9423: 9422: 9420: 9419: 9404: 9398: 9397: 9395: 9394: 9380: 9374: 9373: 9371: 9370: 9361:. Archived from 9351: 9345: 9344: 9342: 9341: 9330: 9324: 9323: 9321: 9319: 9304: 9298: 9297: 9295: 9293: 9282: 9276: 9275: 9273: 9272: 9250: 9244: 9243: 9241: 9240: 9217: 9211: 9210: 9208: 9207: 9192: 9186: 9185: 9183: 9182: 9171: 9165: 9164: 9158: 9150: 9148: 9147: 9132: 9126: 9125: 9123: 9121: 9106: 9100: 9099: 9097: 9095: 9080: 9074: 9073: 9071: 9069: 9054: 9048: 9047: 9045: 9044: 9029: 9023: 9010: 9004: 8993: 8987: 8986: 8984: 8983: 8968: 8962: 8951: 8945: 8944: 8942: 8941: 8932:. Archived from 8922: 8916: 8902: 8896: 8884: 8878: 8871: 8865: 8852:Andrei Kreptul, 8850: 8837: 8836: 8804: 8798: 8797: 8795: 8794: 8780: 8774: 8773: 8771: 8769: 8758: 8752: 8747: 8745: 8744: 8738: 8732:. Archived from 8731: 8723: 8717: 8716: 8714: 8712: 8689: 8683: 8682: 8680: 8679: 8663: 8657: 8656: 8654: 8653: 8629: 8623: 8622: 8620: 8619: 8613: 8598: 8589: 8583: 8582: 8580: 8579: 8573: 8567:. Archived from 8566: 8558: 8552: 8551: 8523: 8517: 8516: 8508: 8502: 8501: 8483: 8477: 8472: 8466: 8465: 8463: 8462: 8447: 8434: 8433: 8431: 8430: 8425: 8417: 8411: 8400: 8394: 8393: 8380: 8374: 8368: 8362: 8349: 8343: 8338: 8332: 8317: 8302: 8280: 8271: 8255: 8249: 8240: 8234: 8217: 8211: 8202: 8196: 8195: 8193: 8192: 8181: 8175: 8174: 8172: 8171: 8166:on March 3, 2012 8156: 8150: 8149: 8147: 8146: 8141:on March 3, 2012 8131: 8125: 8124: 8122: 8121: 8110: 8104: 8097: 8091: 8084: 8078: 8075: 8069: 8063: 8057: 8050: 8039: 8038: 8030: 8024: 8023: 8021: 8020: 8010: 8002: 7996: 7995: 7993: 7992: 7981: 7972: 7943: 7937: 7925: 7919: 7901: 7895: 7894: 7874: 7868: 7867: 7849: 7843: 7842: 7822: 7816: 7815: 7797: 7791: 7780: 7759: 7758: 7728: 7722: 7718:Atlantic Charter 7711: 7705: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7685: 7679: 7678: 7658: 7649: 7648: 7636: 7630: 7629: 7618: 7612: 7611: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7571: 7565: 7551: 7545: 7542: 7536: 7535: 7524: 7518: 7517: 7515: 7514: 7500: 7469:Stateless nation 7435: 7422:Plurinationalism 7417:Non-Intervention 7342:Ethnonationalism 7305:Anti-imperialism 7254:Dutch New Guinea 7164:unconstitutional 7104:Since 1972, the 7056:Spanish colonial 6738:Sardinian people 6668:citizens in the 6664:In Canada, many 6517:Turkish invasion 6497:Turkish Cypriots 6424:Walls of Nicosia 6422:by building the 6356:Mycenaean Greeks 6213:Naga nationalism 6201:Syrian Civil War 6173:Iraqi presidency 6155:, Iran) and the 6133:Treaty of Sèvres 6053: 6046: 6042: 6039: 6033: 6002: 5994: 5938:Lord Mountbatten 5920:Kashmir conflict 5878:David Ben-Gurion 5845:sovereign states 5595:Falkland Islands 5563:Russian soldiers 5559:Petro Poroshenko 5454:Caucasus Emirate 5434:Dzhokhar Dudayev 5295:Marxist–Leninist 5273:), was an armed 5272: 5266: 5007:Artsakh movement 4960: 4953: 4949: 4946: 4940: 4914: 4913: 4906: 4887:Irish Free State 4883:Northern Ireland 4747:sovereign states 4701:autonomous areas 4448:four major areas 4425:violent break up 4281:—since 1949 the 4250:and gave up its 4224:Augusto Pinochet 4200:Marxism–Leninism 4168:satellite states 4047:colonial empires 4026:(ICCPR) and the 4004:Atlantic Charter 3981:, giving Taiwan 3811:Irish Free State 3741:flowed into the 3561:Friedrich Engels 3515:Arab nationalism 3488:Thomas Jefferson 3447:Pre-20th century 3439: 3432: 3428: 3425: 3419: 3417: 3376: 3352: 3344: 3311:Atlantic Charter 3270:'s treatment of 3188: 3181: 3174: 3111:Social privilege 3096:Social exclusion 3024:Police brutality 2945:Multiculturalism 2915:Amatonormativity 2732:Social exclusion 2568:Age of candidacy 2362:Homeless dumping 2268:Ethnic cleansing 1215: 1192: 1191: 1182: 1175: 1168: 1152: 1151: 1093: 1075:Plurinationalism 1035:Internationalism 975:Communitarianism 960:Anti-imperialism 950:Anti-nationalism 939:Related concepts 440: 439: 430: 423: 416: 377:Rest and leisure 40: 26: 25: 14567: 14566: 14562: 14561: 14560: 14558: 14557: 14556: 14492: 14491: 14490: 14485: 14457: 14332:Polyculturalism 14228:Civil liberties 14196: 14177:Reappropriation 14078:Countermeasures 14073: 14002:Racial steering 13968:Numerus clausus 13872: 13866: 13591:Ethnic conflict 13526:Corrective rape 13477: 13124: 12971: 12863:HIV/AIDS stigma 12721: 12670:Mental disorder 12608: 12577: 12572: 12542: 12537: 12513:Protected group 12501: 12497:Right of return 12477:Right to resist 12470:National rights 12465: 12459: 12429: 12424: 12419:Minority rights 12398: 12384:San controversy 12278: 12252:Nagoya Protocol 12225: 12219: 12202: 12200: 12194: 12157: 12151: 12049: 12036: 11877: 11791: 11785: 11693: 11691:minority rights 11683: 11581: 11576: 11543:Percy Lehning, 11471:Annalisa Zinn, 11417: 11412: 11399: 11398: 11394: 11371: 11367: 11357:Wayback Machine 11348: 11344: 11327: 11323: 11314: 11310: 11301: 11299: 11294: 11293: 11289: 11282: 11258: 11254: 11249:Wayback Machine 11239: 11235: 11226: 11224: 11222: 11211: 11203: 11199: 11190: 11188: 11186: 11175: 11167: 11163: 11154: 11152: 11139: 11138: 11131: 11121: 11119: 11110: 11109: 11105: 11095: 11093: 11084: 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10333: 10329: 10328: 10321: 10313:, published by 10305: 10301: 10292: 10290: 10286: 10279: 10275: 10274: 10270: 10261: 10259: 10255: 10248: 10244: 10243: 10239: 10232: 10228: 10219: 10217: 10216:on May 14, 2011 10213: 10202: 10198: 10197: 10193: 10186: 10170: 10166: 10159: 10143: 10139: 10124: 10110: 10106: 10091: 10077: 10073: 10064: 10062: 10053: 10052: 10048: 10038: 10036: 10027: 10026: 10022: 10015: 9983: 9979: 9962: 9958: 9914: 9910: 9900: 9898: 9889: 9888: 9884: 9877: 9861: 9857: 9841: 9835: 9831: 9825:Wayback Machine 9816: 9812: 9803: 9801: 9797: 9790: 9786: 9785: 9781: 9772: 9770: 9766: 9759: 9755: 9754: 9750: 9743: 9727: 9723: 9717: 9713: 9700: 9698: 9696: 9680: 9676: 9663: 9661: 9659: 9643: 9639: 9622: 9620: 9618: 9602: 9598: 9591: 9575: 9571: 9561: 9559: 9550: 9549: 9545: 9532: 9531: 9527: 9518: 9516: 9511: 9510: 9506: 9497: 9495: 9486: 9485: 9481: 9471: 9469: 9467: 9451: 9447: 9438: 9436: 9431: 9430: 9426: 9417: 9415: 9406: 9405: 9401: 9392: 9390: 9382: 9381: 9377: 9368: 9366: 9359:eu-un.europa.eu 9353: 9352: 9348: 9339: 9337: 9331: 9327: 9317: 9315: 9306: 9305: 9301: 9291: 9289: 9284: 9283: 9279: 9270: 9268: 9252: 9251: 9247: 9238: 9236: 9218: 9214: 9205: 9203: 9194: 9193: 9189: 9180: 9178: 9173: 9172: 9168: 9152: 9151: 9145: 9143: 9133: 9129: 9119: 9117: 9108: 9107: 9103: 9093: 9091: 9082: 9081: 9077: 9067: 9065: 9056: 9055: 9051: 9042: 9040: 9031: 9030: 9026: 9020:Wayback Machine 9011: 9007: 9002:Wayback Machine 8994: 8990: 8981: 8979: 8970: 8969: 8965: 8952: 8948: 8939: 8937: 8930:fuerstenhaus.li 8924: 8923: 8919: 8914:Wayback Machine 8903: 8899: 8885: 8881: 8872: 8868: 8851: 8840: 8805: 8801: 8792: 8790: 8782: 8781: 8777: 8767: 8765: 8760: 8759: 8755: 8742: 8740: 8736: 8729: 8725: 8724: 8720: 8710: 8708: 8706: 8690: 8686: 8677: 8675: 8664: 8660: 8651: 8649: 8630: 8626: 8617: 8615: 8611: 8596: 8590: 8586: 8577: 8575: 8571: 8564: 8560: 8559: 8555: 8524: 8520: 8509: 8505: 8498: 8484: 8480: 8473: 8469: 8460: 8458: 8448: 8437: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8419: 8418: 8414: 8401: 8397: 8389:TheGuardian.com 8382: 8381: 8377: 8369: 8365: 8359:Wayback Machine 8350: 8346: 8339: 8335: 8318: 8305: 8299:Wayback Machine 8281: 8274: 8269:Wayback Machine 8256: 8252: 8241: 8237: 8232:Wayback Machine 8218: 8214: 8203: 8199: 8190: 8188: 8183: 8182: 8178: 8169: 8167: 8158: 8157: 8153: 8144: 8142: 8133: 8132: 8128: 8119: 8117: 8112: 8111: 8107: 8098: 8094: 8085: 8081: 8076: 8072: 8064: 8060: 8051: 8042: 8031: 8027: 8018: 8016: 8008: 8004: 8003: 7999: 7990: 7988: 7983: 7982: 7975: 7944: 7940: 7926: 7922: 7916:Wayback Machine 7902: 7898: 7891: 7875: 7871: 7864: 7850: 7846: 7839: 7823: 7819: 7812: 7798: 7794: 7781: 7762: 7755: 7729: 7725: 7712: 7708: 7698: 7696: 7687: 7686: 7682: 7675: 7659: 7652: 7637: 7633: 7620: 7619: 7615: 7600: 7596: 7589: 7572: 7568: 7552: 7548: 7543: 7539: 7525: 7521: 7512: 7510: 7502: 7501: 7497: 7493: 7488: 7459:Self-governance 7429: 7300: 7268: 7262: 7226: 7218:Main articles: 7216: 7204:Western Saharan 7184: 7178: 7108:has called for 7000:Native American 6984: 6964: 6958: 6953: 6947: 6923:First World War 6919: 6913: 6889:First World War 6873: 6852: 6846: 6794: 6788: 6711: 6705: 6682:French-speaking 6678:Parti Québécois 6662: 6656: 6612: 6600:Main articles: 6563: 6532:in the island. 6396:Arab caliphates 6384:Ptolemaic Egypt 6344:Northern Cyprus 6333: 6331:Northern Cyprus 6327: 6325:Northern Cyprus 6246: 6215: 6209: 6165:Iraqi Kurdistan 6147:, Turkey), the 6118:Iraqi Kurdistan 6103:Iraqi Kurdistan 6091: 6089:Rojava conflict 6075:Main articles: 6054: 6043: 6037: 6034: 6019: 6003: 5992: 5922: 5916: 5908:State of Israel 5871: 5859:Main articles: 5857: 5815: 5721: 5715: 5710: 5704: 5669: 5663: 5615:2013 referendum 5603: 5597: 5577: 5571: 5547:Eastern Ukraine 5510: 5504: 5502:Eastern Ukraine 5468: 5462: 5430: 5424: 5377:to elect a new 5359: 5343:Main articles: 5341: 5309: 5303: 5213:cultural region 5175: 5169: 5125: 5119: 5099: 5093: 5069:Assyrian people 5061: 5055:Assyrian People 5049:Main articles: 5047: 5023:1991 referendum 4995: 4989: 4961: 4950: 4944: 4941: 4930: 4915: 4911: 4904: 4866: 4860: 4803:As of 1996 the 4759:Abraham Lincoln 4743: 4725:Abraham Lincoln 4709: 4689: 4607: 4579: 4566:In an issue of 4545: 4462:Communist Party 4375: 4301:from Pakistan. 4244: 4172:Eastern Germany 4144: 4138: 4122:self-government 4107:Resolution 1514 3996: 3991: 3971:Sakhalin Island 3963:Empire of Japan 3756:First Partition 3660:Habsburg empire 3632:Fourteen Points 3578: 3573: 3519:State Shintoism 3463:. The European 3449: 3440: 3429: 3423: 3420: 3377: 3375: 3365: 3353: 3342: 3302:Fourteen Points 3236:, some form of 3192: 3163: 3162: 3161: 3160: 3159: 3034:Polyculturalism 2930:Civil liberties 2902: 2894: 2893: 2892: 2891: 2890: 2873:Reappropriation 2773: 2772:Countermeasures 2765: 2764: 2763: 2762: 2761: 2690:Racial steering 2656:Numerus clausus 2560: 2552: 2551: 2550: 2549: 2548: 2273:Ethnic conflict 2208:Corrective rape 2163: 2155: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2151: 1805: 1794: 1793: 1792: 1791: 1790: 1643: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1521:HIV/AIDS stigma 1383: 1375: 1374: 1373: 1372: 1371: 1320:Mental disorder 1262: 1254: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1250: 1223: 1186: 1146: 1139: 1138: 1087: 980:Cosmopolitanism 940: 932: 931: 926: 918: 917: 598: 588: 587: 558: 550: 549: 465: 434: 307:Civil liberties 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14565: 14555: 14554: 14552:Decolonization 14549: 14544: 14539: 14534: 14529: 14524: 14519: 14514: 14509: 14504: 14487: 14486: 14484: 14483: 14473: 14462: 14459: 14458: 14456: 14455: 14450: 14449: 14448: 14438: 14433: 14428: 14427: 14426: 14421: 14416: 14406: 14401: 14396: 14391: 14386: 14381: 14380: 14379: 14377:Reverse racism 14369: 14364: 14359: 14354: 14349: 14347:Prisoner abuse 14344: 14339: 14337:Power distance 14334: 14329: 14324: 14319: 14314: 14309: 14304: 14303: 14302: 14292: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14255:Ethnic penalty 14252: 14251: 14250: 14248:Neurodiversity 14245: 14235: 14233:Dehumanization 14230: 14225: 14223:Cisnormativity 14220: 14215: 14210: 14204: 14202: 14201:Related topics 14198: 14197: 14195: 14194: 14189: 14184: 14179: 14174: 14169: 14164: 14159: 14154: 14149: 14144: 14139: 14134: 14129: 14124: 14123: 14122: 14112: 14107: 14102: 14097: 14092: 14087: 14081: 14079: 14075: 14074: 14072: 14071: 14066: 14061: 14059:State religion 14056: 14051: 14046: 14041: 14040: 14039: 14034: 14029: 14024: 14014: 14009: 14004: 13999: 13998: 13997: 13995:Nuremberg Laws 13992: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13964: 13959: 13954: 13949: 13944: 13939: 13937:Ghetto benches 13934: 13932:Gerrymandering 13929: 13924: 13919: 13917:Gender pay gap 13914: 13913: 13912: 13907: 13897: 13892: 13887: 13882: 13876: 13874: 13871:Discriminatory 13868: 13867: 13865: 13864: 13859: 13854: 13849: 13844: 13839: 13834: 13829: 13824: 13819: 13814: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13779: 13774: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13748: 13747: 13742: 13737: 13727: 13722: 13717: 13712: 13707: 13702: 13700:Lavender scare 13697: 13695:Kill Haole Day 13692: 13690:Indian rolling 13687: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13667: 13666: 13665: 13655: 13650: 13649: 13648: 13638: 13633: 13628: 13623: 13618: 13613: 13608: 13603: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13583: 13578: 13576:Eliminationism 13573: 13568: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13543: 13538: 13533: 13528: 13523: 13518: 13513: 13511:Cancel culture 13508: 13503: 13498: 13497: 13496: 13485: 13483: 13482:Manifestations 13479: 13478: 13476: 13475: 13470: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13440: 13435: 13430: 13425: 13420: 13415: 13410: 13405: 13400: 13395: 13390: 13385: 13380: 13378:Middle Eastern 13375: 13370: 13365: 13360: 13355: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13335: 13330: 13325: 13324: 13323: 13318: 13313: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13290: 13285: 13280: 13275: 13270: 13265: 13260: 13255: 13250: 13245: 13240: 13235: 13230: 13225: 13220: 13219: 13218: 13213: 13208: 13198: 13193: 13188: 13187: 13186: 13181: 13176: 13166: 13161: 13156: 13151: 13146: 13141: 13135: 13133: 13126: 13125: 13123: 13122: 13120:Zoroastrianism 13117: 13112: 13107: 13102: 13097: 13096: 13095: 13085: 13084: 13083: 13082: 13081: 13076: 13071: 13066: 13051: 13050: 13049: 13047:Untouchability 13044: 13034: 13029: 13028: 13027: 13022: 13017: 13012: 13007: 12997: 12992: 12987: 12981: 12979: 12973: 12972: 12970: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12958: 12957: 12952: 12947: 12937: 12936: 12935: 12930: 12920: 12915: 12910: 12905: 12900: 12895: 12890: 12885: 12880: 12875: 12873:Leprosy stigma 12870: 12865: 12860: 12855: 12850: 12845: 12840: 12835: 12830: 12825: 12820: 12815: 12810: 12805: 12800: 12795: 12790: 12785: 12780: 12775: 12770: 12765: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12745: 12740: 12735: 12729: 12727: 12723: 12722: 12720: 12719: 12714: 12709: 12704: 12699: 12694: 12689: 12688: 12687: 12682: 12672: 12667: 12662: 12657: 12652: 12647: 12642: 12637: 12632: 12627: 12622: 12616: 12614: 12610: 12609: 12607: 12606: 12601: 12596: 12591: 12585: 12583: 12579: 12578: 12575:Discrimination 12571: 12570: 12563: 12556: 12548: 12539: 12538: 12536: 12535: 12530: 12525: 12520: 12515: 12509: 12507: 12503: 12502: 12500: 12499: 12494: 12489: 12484: 12482:Right to exist 12479: 12473: 12471: 12467: 12466: 12458: 12457: 12450: 12443: 12435: 12426: 12425: 12423: 12422: 12403: 12400: 12399: 12397: 12396: 12391: 12386: 12381: 12376: 12375: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12351: 12346: 12341: 12336: 12334:Indian removal 12331: 12326: 12321: 12316: 12311: 12306: 12301: 12296: 12290: 12288: 12284: 12283: 12280: 12279: 12277: 12276: 12270: 12264: 12258: 12248: 12242: 12236: 12229: 12227: 12221: 12220: 12218: 12217: 12212: 12206: 12204: 12199:Indigenous-led 12196: 12195: 12193: 12192: 12187: 12186: 12185: 12177: 12175:Arctic Council 12172: 12171: 12170: 12164:African Union 12161: 12159: 12153: 12152: 12150: 12149: 12148: 12147: 12139: 12138: 12137: 12129: 12128: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12104: 12103: 12102: 12094: 12093: 12092: 12084: 12083: 12082: 12074: 12073: 12072: 12064: 12063: 12062: 12060:Te Puni Kōkiri 12053: 12051: 12042: 12038: 12037: 12035: 12034: 12029: 12024: 12022:Plastic shaman 12019: 12014: 12013: 12012: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11990:Indian reserve 11987: 11982: 11977: 11972: 11962: 11957: 11955:Green grabbing 11952: 11947: 11942: 11937: 11936: 11935: 11930: 11928:Sports mascots 11920: 11919: 11918: 11916:Bioprospecting 11908: 11907: 11906: 11901: 11891: 11885: 11883: 11879: 11878: 11876: 11875: 11866: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11821: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11795: 11793: 11787: 11786: 11784: 11783: 11782: 11781: 11779:in New Zealand 11776: 11766: 11765: 11764: 11759: 11749: 11748: 11747: 11742: 11737: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11701: 11699: 11695: 11694: 11685:International 11682: 11681: 11674: 11667: 11659: 11653: 11652: 11646: 11640: 11637:Vladimir Lenin 11631: 11625: 11615: 11609: 11603: 11597: 11592: 11580: 11579:External links 11577: 11575: 11574: 11559: 11550:Hurst Hannum, 11548: 11541: 11530: 11523: 11512: 11501: 11491: 11480: 11469: 11458: 11447: 11436: 11429: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11410: 11392: 11390:July 25, 2008. 11379:2008-08-04 at 11365: 11342: 11321: 11308: 11287: 11280: 11252: 11233: 11220: 11197: 11184: 11161: 11129: 11116:HeraldScotland 11103: 11092:. 24 June 2016 11077: 11066:. 24 June 2016 11051: 11026: 11000: 10987:HeraldScotland 10974: 10928: 10914: 10903: 10897:Hechter (M.), 10890: 10874: 10863: 10856: 10836: 10817: 10808: 10799: 10788:Ambamarblearch 10780: 10768: 10749: 10737: 10718: 10700: 10659: 10639: 10619: 10607: 10597: 10572: 10563: 10551: 10541: 10525: 10498:Nathalie Tocci 10489: 10470: 10449: 10428: 10404: 10380: 10356: 10319: 10299: 10268: 10237: 10226: 10191: 10184: 10164: 10157: 10137: 10122: 10104: 10089: 10071: 10046: 10020: 10013: 9977: 9956: 9954: 9953: 9941: 9908: 9882: 9875: 9855: 9829: 9810: 9779: 9748: 9741: 9721: 9711: 9694: 9674: 9657: 9637: 9616: 9596: 9589: 9569: 9543: 9538:United Nations 9525: 9504: 9479: 9465: 9445: 9424: 9399: 9375: 9346: 9325: 9314:on 23 May 2018 9299: 9277: 9245: 9228:(in Spanish). 9212: 9187: 9166: 9127: 9101: 9075: 9049: 9024: 9005: 8988: 8963: 8946: 8917: 8897: 8888:Texas v. White 8879: 8866: 8838: 8799: 8775: 8753: 8718: 8704: 8684: 8658: 8624: 8584: 8553: 8534:(5): 488–497. 8518: 8503: 8496: 8478: 8467: 8435: 8412: 8395: 8375: 8363: 8344: 8333: 8303: 8272: 8250: 8235: 8212: 8197: 8176: 8151: 8126: 8105: 8092: 8079: 8070: 8058: 8040: 8025: 8013:United nations 7997: 7987:. Marxists.org 7973: 7938: 7933:New York Times 7920: 7896: 7889: 7869: 7862: 7844: 7837: 7817: 7810: 7792: 7760: 7753: 7723: 7706: 7680: 7673: 7650: 7631: 7613: 7594: 7588:978-9004158351 7587: 7566: 7546: 7537: 7519: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7444:Right to exist 7441: 7436: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7347:Ethnopluralism 7344: 7339: 7334: 7333: 7332: 7327: 7320:Decolonization 7317: 7312: 7307: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7264:Main article: 7261: 7258: 7236:on August 2012 7220:Papua conflict 7215: 7212: 7200:Sahrawi people 7180:Main article: 7177: 7176:Western Sahara 7174: 7169:Texas v. White 6996:North American 6983: 6980: 6960:Main article: 6957: 6954: 6949:Main article: 6946: 6943: 6921:Following the 6915:Main article: 6912: 6909: 6872: 6869: 6848:Main article: 6845: 6842: 6790:Main article: 6787: 6784: 6707:Main article: 6704: 6701: 6691:would inspire 6658:Main article: 6655: 6652: 6648:al-Aqsa mosque 6618:for increased 6562: 6559: 6493:Greek Cypriots 6473:British Empire 6450:Ottoman Empire 6435:Greek Cypriots 6340:Atatürk Square 6329:Main article: 6326: 6323: 6250:British Malaya 6245: 6242: 6211:Main article: 6208: 6205: 6114:Kurdish people 6056: 6055: 6006: 6004: 5997: 5991: 5988: 5918:Main article: 5915: 5912: 5904:ancient Israel 5869:Jewish history 5856: 5853: 5814: 5811: 5753:Hong Kong flag 5717:Main article: 5714: 5711: 5706:Main article: 5703: 5700: 5665:Main article: 5662: 5659: 5599:Main article: 5596: 5593: 5573:Main article: 5570: 5567: 5506:Main article: 5503: 5500: 5464:Main article: 5461: 5460:East Turkistan 5458: 5450:Akhmed Zakayev 5426:Main article: 5423: 5420: 5340: 5337: 5305:Main article: 5302: 5299: 5270:[ˈeta] 5221:Basque country 5171:Main article: 5168: 5167:Basque Country 5165: 5121:Main article: 5118: 5115: 5095:Main article: 5092: 5089: 5046: 5043: 4991:Main article: 4988: 4985: 4963: 4962: 4918: 4916: 4909: 4903: 4900: 4859: 4856: 4797:Union of Burma 4776:Texas v. White 4742: 4739: 4708: 4705: 4688: 4685: 4652:Allen Buchanan 4606: 4603: 4578: 4575: 4544: 4543:Current issues 4541: 4523:("Xinjiang"), 4521:East Turkistan 4474:Mainland China 4417:Czech Republic 4406:Soviet economy 4374: 4371: 4359:United Nations 4275:British Empire 4268:decolonization 4243: 4240: 4220:anti-communist 4176:Eastern Europe 4156:Eastern Europe 4137: 4134: 4115:decolonization 4039: 4038: 4031: 4020: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3944:Outer Mongolia 3925:Outer Mongolia 3894:Inner Mongolia 3870:Inner Mongolia 3783:United Kingdom 3775:decolonization 3696:Ottoman Empire 3648:Czechoslovakia 3605:Woodrow Wilson 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3565:Vladimir Lenin 3525:in Japan; and 3448: 3445: 3442: 3441: 3356: 3354: 3347: 3341: 3338: 3298:Woodrow Wilson 3291:Vladimir Lenin 3288:Soviet Premier 3255:protesting in 3218:United Nations 3194: 3193: 3191: 3190: 3183: 3176: 3168: 3165: 3164: 3158: 3157: 3152: 3151: 3150: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3129: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3082: 3081: 3079:Reverse racism 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3049:Prisoner abuse 3046: 3041: 3039:Power distance 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3005: 3004: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2957:Ethnic penalty 2954: 2953: 2952: 2950:Neurodiversity 2947: 2937: 2935:Dehumanization 2932: 2927: 2925:Cisnormativity 2922: 2917: 2912: 2906: 2905: 2904: 2903: 2901:Related topics 2900: 2899: 2896: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2819: 2818: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2775: 2774: 2771: 2770: 2767: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2747:State religion 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2728: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2683:Nuremberg Laws 2680: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2625:Ghetto benches 2622: 2620:Gerrymandering 2617: 2612: 2607: 2605:Gender pay gap 2602: 2601: 2600: 2595: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2564: 2563: 2562: 2561: 2558: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2382:Lavender scare 2379: 2377:Kill Haole Day 2374: 2372:Indian rolling 2369: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2348: 2347: 2337: 2332: 2331: 2330: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2258:Eliminationism 2255: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2193:Cancel culture 2190: 2185: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2167: 2166: 2165: 2164: 2162:Manifestations 2161: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2052:Middle Eastern 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1893: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1861: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1789: 1788: 1786:Zoroastrianism 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1762: 1761: 1751: 1750: 1749: 1748: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1717: 1716: 1715: 1713:Untouchability 1710: 1700: 1695: 1694: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1647: 1646: 1645: 1644: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1595: 1594: 1593: 1588: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1531:Leprosy stigma 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1387: 1386: 1385: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1370: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1332: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1249: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1208: 1207: 1205:Discrimination 1201: 1200: 1188: 1187: 1185: 1184: 1177: 1170: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1157: 1156: 1141: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1125: 1124: 1122:in Catholicism 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 970:Civil religion 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 941: 938: 937: 934: 933: 927: 924: 923: 920: 919: 916: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 889: 888: 883: 882: 881: 876: 871: 861: 856: 846: 841: 840: 839: 834: 829: 828: 827: 817: 816: 815: 810: 795: 794: 793: 788: 783: 778: 777: 776: 766: 761: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 695: 694: 692:Ethnopluralism 684: 679: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 653: 652: 647: 642: 632: 631: 630: 620: 615: 610: 605: 599: 594: 593: 590: 589: 586: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 559: 556: 555: 552: 551: 548: 547: 542: 537: 532: 527: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 466: 460: 459: 456: 455: 449: 448: 436: 435: 433: 432: 425: 418: 410: 407: 406: 405: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 332:Free migration 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 286: 285: 281: 280: 279: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 222: 221: 216: 206: 201: 196: 195: 194: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 114: 106: 105: 101: 100: 99: 98: 93: 88: 80: 79: 73: 72: 71: 70: 65: 60: 55: 47: 46: 42: 41: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14564: 14553: 14550: 14548: 14545: 14543: 14540: 14538: 14535: 14533: 14530: 14528: 14525: 14523: 14520: 14518: 14515: 14513: 14510: 14508: 14505: 14503: 14500: 14499: 14497: 14482: 14474: 14472: 14464: 14463: 14460: 14454: 14451: 14447: 14444: 14443: 14442: 14439: 14437: 14434: 14432: 14431:Social stigma 14429: 14425: 14422: 14420: 14417: 14415: 14412: 14411: 14410: 14407: 14405: 14402: 14400: 14397: 14395: 14392: 14390: 14387: 14385: 14382: 14378: 14375: 14374: 14373: 14370: 14368: 14365: 14363: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14350: 14348: 14345: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14301: 14298: 14297: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14249: 14246: 14244: 14241: 14240: 14239: 14236: 14234: 14231: 14229: 14226: 14224: 14221: 14219: 14216: 14214: 14211: 14209: 14206: 14205: 14203: 14199: 14193: 14190: 14188: 14185: 14183: 14180: 14178: 14175: 14173: 14170: 14168: 14165: 14163: 14160: 14158: 14155: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14145: 14143: 14140: 14138: 14135: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14125: 14121: 14118: 14117: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14088: 14086: 14083: 14082: 14080: 14076: 14070: 14067: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14057: 14055: 14054:State atheism 14052: 14050: 14047: 14045: 14042: 14038: 14035: 14033: 14030: 14028: 14025: 14023: 14020: 14019: 14018: 14015: 14013: 14010: 14008: 14005: 14003: 14000: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13990:Jim Crow laws 13988: 13987: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13975:One-drop rule 13973: 13971: 13969: 13965: 13963: 13960: 13958: 13955: 13953: 13950: 13948: 13945: 13943: 13940: 13938: 13935: 13933: 13930: 13928: 13925: 13923: 13920: 13918: 13915: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13902: 13901: 13898: 13896: 13893: 13891: 13890:Blood quantum 13888: 13886: 13883: 13881: 13878: 13877: 13875: 13869: 13863: 13860: 13858: 13855: 13853: 13850: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13840: 13838: 13837:Victimisation 13835: 13833: 13832:Trans bashing 13830: 13828: 13825: 13823: 13820: 13818: 13815: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13802:Religious war 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13782:Racialization 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13746: 13743: 13741: 13738: 13736: 13733: 13732: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13711: 13708: 13706: 13703: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13686: 13683: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13671: 13668: 13664: 13661: 13660: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13653:Glass ceiling 13651: 13647: 13644: 13643: 13642: 13639: 13637: 13634: 13632: 13629: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13596:Ethnic hatred 13594: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13531:Counter-jihad 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13512: 13509: 13507: 13504: 13502: 13499: 13495: 13492: 13491: 13490: 13487: 13486: 13484: 13480: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13439: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13414: 13411: 13409: 13406: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13369: 13366: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13356: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13322: 13321:United States 13319: 13317: 13314: 13312: 13309: 13308: 13306: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13294: 13291: 13289: 13286: 13284: 13281: 13279: 13276: 13274: 13271: 13269: 13266: 13264: 13261: 13259: 13256: 13254: 13251: 13249: 13246: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13224: 13221: 13217: 13214: 13212: 13209: 13207: 13204: 13203: 13202: 13199: 13197: 13194: 13192: 13189: 13185: 13184:United States 13182: 13180: 13177: 13175: 13172: 13171: 13170: 13167: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13157: 13155: 13152: 13150: 13147: 13145: 13142: 13140: 13137: 13136: 13134: 13132: 13127: 13121: 13118: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13108: 13106: 13105:Protestantism 13103: 13101: 13098: 13094: 13091: 13090: 13089: 13086: 13080: 13077: 13075: 13072: 13070: 13067: 13065: 13062: 13061: 13060: 13057: 13056: 13055: 13052: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13039: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13020:LDS or Mormon 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13002: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12982: 12980: 12978: 12974: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12956: 12953: 12951: 12950:Transmisogyny 12948: 12946: 12943: 12942: 12941: 12938: 12934: 12931: 12929: 12926: 12925: 12924: 12921: 12919: 12916: 12914: 12911: 12909: 12906: 12904: 12901: 12899: 12896: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12886: 12884: 12881: 12879: 12876: 12874: 12871: 12869: 12866: 12864: 12861: 12859: 12856: 12854: 12853:Gerontophobia 12851: 12849: 12846: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12834: 12831: 12829: 12826: 12824: 12821: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12806: 12804: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12773:Anti-intersex 12771: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12748:Anti-albinism 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12730: 12728: 12724: 12718: 12715: 12713: 12710: 12708: 12705: 12703: 12700: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12677: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12653: 12651: 12648: 12646: 12643: 12641: 12638: 12636: 12633: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12617: 12615: 12611: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12597: 12595: 12592: 12590: 12589:Institutional 12587: 12586: 12584: 12580: 12576: 12569: 12564: 12562: 12557: 12555: 12550: 12549: 12546: 12534: 12531: 12529: 12526: 12524: 12521: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12510: 12508: 12504: 12498: 12495: 12493: 12490: 12488: 12487:Treaty rights 12485: 12483: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12474: 12472: 12468: 12464: 12456: 12451: 12449: 12444: 12442: 12437: 12436: 12433: 12421: 12420: 12415: 12414: 12405: 12404: 12401: 12395: 12392: 12390: 12387: 12385: 12382: 12380: 12377: 12373: 12372:United States 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12354: 12352: 12350: 12347: 12345: 12342: 12340: 12337: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12325: 12322: 12320: 12317: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12307: 12305: 12302: 12300: 12297: 12295: 12292: 12291: 12289: 12285: 12275: 12271: 12269: 12265: 12263: 12259: 12257: 12253: 12249: 12247: 12243: 12241: 12237: 12235: 12231: 12230: 12228: 12222: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12207: 12205: 12201:international 12197: 12191: 12188: 12184: 12181: 12180: 12178: 12176: 12173: 12169: 12166: 12165: 12163: 12162: 12160: 12154: 12146: 12143: 12142: 12140: 12136: 12133: 12132: 12130: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12108: 12107: 12105: 12101: 12098: 12097: 12095: 12091: 12088: 12087: 12085: 12081: 12078: 12077: 12075: 12071: 12068: 12067: 12065: 12061: 12058: 12057: 12055: 12054: 12052: 12046: 12043: 12039: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11986: 11985:Indian colony 11983: 11981: 11978: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11967: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11926: 11925: 11924: 11921: 11917: 11914: 11913: 11912: 11909: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11897: 11896: 11895: 11892: 11890: 11887: 11886: 11884: 11880: 11873: 11872: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11796: 11794: 11788: 11780: 11777: 11775: 11772: 11771: 11770: 11769:Treaty rights 11767: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11754: 11753: 11750: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11732: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11702: 11700: 11696: 11692: 11688: 11680: 11675: 11673: 11668: 11666: 11661: 11660: 11657: 11650: 11647: 11644: 11641: 11638: 11635: 11632: 11629: 11626: 11623: 11619: 11618:Jacob T. Levy 11616: 11613: 11610: 11607: 11604: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11587: 11583: 11582: 11572: 11568: 11564: 11560: 11557: 11553: 11549: 11546: 11542: 11539: 11535: 11531: 11528: 11524: 11521: 11517: 11513: 11510: 11506: 11502: 11499: 11495: 11492: 11489: 11485: 11482:Marc Weller, 11481: 11478: 11474: 11470: 11467: 11463: 11459: 11456: 11452: 11448: 11445: 11441: 11437: 11434: 11430: 11428: 11424: 11420: 11419: 11406: 11402: 11396: 11389: 11387: 11382: 11381:archive.today 11378: 11375: 11369: 11362: 11358: 11354: 11351: 11346: 11338: 11337: 11332: 11325: 11318: 11312: 11297: 11291: 11283: 11277: 11273: 11269: 11265: 11264: 11256: 11250: 11246: 11242: 11237: 11223: 11217: 11210: 11209: 11201: 11187: 11181: 11174: 11173: 11165: 11151:on 2009-09-26 11150: 11146: 11142: 11141:"Section 235" 11136: 11134: 11117: 11113: 11107: 11091: 11090:The Economist 11087: 11081: 11065: 11061: 11055: 11040: 11036: 11030: 11015: 11011: 11004: 10988: 10984: 10978: 10970: 10958: 10943: 10939: 10932: 10926: 10924: 10918: 10912: 10907: 10900: 10894: 10888: 10884: 10878: 10872: 10867: 10859: 10853: 10849: 10848: 10840: 10834: 10830: 10827: 10824:Guy Leblanc. 10821: 10812: 10803: 10797:Media, page 6 10796: 10792: 10789: 10784: 10777: 10772: 10765: 10761: 10758: 10753: 10746: 10741: 10734: 10730: 10727: 10722: 10714: 10710: 10704: 10697: 10693: 10689: 10685: 10681: 10677: 10672: 10668: 10663: 10656: 10652: 10648: 10643: 10635: 10631: 10628: 10623: 10616: 10611: 10601: 10586: 10582: 10576: 10567: 10560: 10555: 10545: 10539: 10535: 10529: 10514:on 2011-03-02 10510: 10503: 10499: 10493: 10486: 10482: 10479: 10474: 10459: 10453: 10438: 10432: 10421: 10414: 10408: 10397: 10390: 10384: 10366: 10360: 10353: 10352:public domain 10332: 10326: 10324: 10316: 10312: 10308: 10303: 10285: 10278: 10272: 10254: 10247: 10241: 10235: 10230: 10212: 10208: 10201: 10195: 10187: 10181: 10177: 10176: 10168: 10160: 10154: 10150: 10149: 10141: 10133: 10129: 10125: 10119: 10115: 10108: 10100: 10096: 10092: 10090:81-250-1695-3 10086: 10082: 10075: 10061:on 2016-03-08 10060: 10056: 10050: 10034: 10030: 10024: 10016: 10010: 10006: 10002: 9998: 9994: 9990: 9989: 9981: 9974: 9970: 9966: 9963:Chaim Gans, 9960: 9951: 9947: 9942: 9939: 9936: 9930: 9925: 9924: 9917: 9916: 9912: 9896: 9892: 9886: 9878: 9876:9780521637527 9872: 9868: 9867: 9859: 9851: 9847: 9840: 9833: 9826: 9822: 9819: 9814: 9800:on 2013-01-17 9796: 9789: 9783: 9769:on 2012-11-15 9765: 9758: 9752: 9744: 9738: 9734: 9733: 9725: 9715: 9708: 9697: 9691: 9687: 9686: 9678: 9671: 9660: 9658:9780300029437 9654: 9650: 9649: 9641: 9634: 9631: 9619: 9613: 9609: 9608: 9600: 9592: 9586: 9582: 9581: 9573: 9558:on 2011-05-31 9557: 9553: 9547: 9539: 9535: 9529: 9514: 9508: 9493: 9489: 9483: 9468: 9462: 9458: 9457: 9449: 9434: 9428: 9414:. 4 June 2015 9413: 9409: 9403: 9389: 9385: 9379: 9365:on 2015-10-16 9364: 9360: 9356: 9350: 9336: 9329: 9313: 9309: 9303: 9287: 9281: 9267: 9263: 9259: 9255: 9249: 9235: 9231: 9227: 9223: 9216: 9201: 9197: 9191: 9177:. 2 June 2011 9176: 9170: 9162: 9156: 9142: 9138: 9131: 9115: 9111: 9105: 9089: 9085: 9079: 9064:. May 1, 2012 9063: 9059: 9053: 9039:on 2016-03-03 9038: 9034: 9028: 9021: 9017: 9014: 9009: 9003: 8999: 8996: 8992: 8977: 8975: 8967: 8960: 8956: 8950: 8936:on 2017-01-02 8935: 8931: 8927: 8921: 8915: 8911: 8907: 8901: 8894: 8890: 8889: 8883: 8876: 8870: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8849: 8847: 8845: 8843: 8834: 8830: 8826: 8822: 8818: 8814: 8810: 8803: 8789: 8785: 8779: 8763: 8757: 8751: 8739:on 2012-04-30 8735: 8728: 8722: 8707: 8701: 8697: 8696: 8688: 8674:on 2016-04-28 8673: 8669: 8662: 8648:on 2012-04-02 8647: 8643: 8639: 8635: 8628: 8614:on 2012-02-06 8610: 8606: 8602: 8595: 8588: 8570: 8563: 8557: 8549: 8545: 8541: 8537: 8533: 8529: 8528:Ethnopolitics 8522: 8514: 8507: 8499: 8493: 8489: 8482: 8475: 8471: 8457: 8453: 8446: 8444: 8442: 8440: 8422: 8416: 8409: 8405: 8399: 8391: 8390: 8385: 8379: 8372: 8367: 8360: 8356: 8353: 8348: 8342: 8337: 8330: 8326: 8322: 8316: 8314: 8312: 8310: 8308: 8300: 8296: 8293: 8289: 8285: 8279: 8277: 8270: 8266: 8263: 8259: 8254: 8248: 8244: 8239: 8233: 8229: 8225: 8221: 8216: 8210: 8206: 8201: 8186: 8180: 8165: 8161: 8155: 8140: 8136: 8130: 8115: 8109: 8102: 8096: 8089: 8083: 8074: 8067: 8062: 8055: 8049: 8047: 8045: 8036: 8029: 8014: 8007: 8001: 7986: 7980: 7978: 7971: 7967: 7963: 7962:0-19-827959-0 7959: 7955: 7951: 7947: 7942: 7935: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7917: 7913: 7910: 7906: 7900: 7892: 7886: 7882: 7881: 7873: 7865: 7859: 7855: 7848: 7840: 7834: 7830: 7829: 7821: 7813: 7807: 7803: 7796: 7789: 7785: 7779: 7777: 7775: 7773: 7771: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7756: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7738: 7734: 7727: 7719: 7715: 7710: 7694: 7690: 7684: 7676: 7670: 7666: 7665: 7657: 7655: 7647: 7642: 7635: 7627: 7623: 7617: 7610: 7605: 7598: 7590: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7570: 7563: 7559: 7555: 7550: 7541: 7534: 7530: 7523: 7509: 7505: 7499: 7495: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7433: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7322: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7302: 7295: 7293: 7289: 7285: 7281: 7272: 7267: 7257: 7255: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7221: 7211: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7173: 7171: 7170: 7165: 7161: 7156: 7152: 7150: 7146: 7141: 7138: 7133: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7111: 7107: 7099: 7094: 7090: 7088: 7084: 7080: 7076: 7071: 7069: 7065: 7061: 7057: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7032: 7029: 7025: 7021: 7017: 7013: 7012:United States 7009: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6988: 6982:United States 6979: 6977: 6973: 6969: 6963: 6952: 6942: 6940: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6918: 6908: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6868: 6866: 6861: 6857: 6851: 6841: 6839: 6838:Boris Johnson 6835: 6831: 6826: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6805:Acts of Union 6802: 6798: 6793: 6783: 6781: 6777: 6773: 6769: 6765: 6760: 6758: 6754: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6710: 6700: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6683: 6679: 6675: 6674:Confederation 6671: 6667: 6661: 6651: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6595: 6591: 6590:Stop genocide 6586: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6567: 6558: 6556: 6551: 6547: 6542: 6538: 6533: 6531: 6527: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6465: 6463: 6459: 6455: 6451: 6446: 6444: 6440: 6436: 6432: 6427: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6397: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6349: 6345: 6341: 6337: 6332: 6322: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6295:Manila Accord 6292: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6241: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6214: 6204: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6184: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6145:Ağrı Province 6142: 6138: 6134: 6129: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6104: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6071: 6067: 6062: 6052: 6049: 6041: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6017: 6016: 6012: 6007:This section 6005: 6001: 5996: 5995: 5987: 5984: 5979: 5976: 5972: 5965: 5960: 5956: 5954: 5950: 5945: 5943: 5942:British India 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5921: 5911: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5892:Theodor Herzl 5889: 5882: 5879: 5875: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5852: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5810: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5779: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5749: 5745: 5742: 5739:), since the 5738: 5734: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5709: 5699: 5697: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5673: 5668: 5658: 5656: 5652: 5647: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5602: 5592: 5590: 5586: 5585:nation states 5582: 5576: 5566: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5499: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5467: 5457: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5429: 5419: 5416: 5408: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5393: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5336: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5298: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5271: 5267:; pronounced 5262: 5261: 5256: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5193:Euskal Herria 5190: 5183: 5179: 5174: 5164: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5114: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5098: 5088: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5042: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5008: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4959: 4956: 4948: 4938: 4934: 4928: 4927: 4923: 4917: 4908: 4907: 4902:Notable cases 4899: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4879: 4876: 4872: 4871:Yugoslav Wars 4865: 4855: 4853: 4849: 4844: 4841: 4836: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4801: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4777: 4772: 4771:Supreme Court 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4755:majority rule 4751: 4748: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4726: 4721: 4719: 4714: 4713:majority rule 4704: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4684: 4681: 4672: 4668: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4653: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4632: 4628: 4620: 4616: 4611: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4591: 4586: 4584: 4583:Ivor Jennings 4574: 4572: 4570: 4564: 4562: 4553: 4549: 4540: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4513:South Ossetia 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4493: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4460:In 1949, the 4458: 4456: 4451: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4432: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4409: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4398:Ronald Reagan 4395: 4391: 4383: 4379: 4370: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4351:B. J. Habibie 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4306: 4302: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4271: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4239: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4192:Prague Spring 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4143: 4133: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4118: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4090: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4043: 4036: 4032: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4002:declared the 4001: 3986: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3915:In 1912, the 3913: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3902:Kwantung Army 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3854: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3771: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3760:Germanisation 3757: 3752: 3751:Roman Dmowski 3748: 3744: 3740: 3739:Vistula River 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3703: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3692:nation-states 3689: 3683: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3640:Soviet Russia 3637: 3633: 3628: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3599: 3594: 3587: 3582: 3568: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3438: 3435: 3427: 3416: 3413: 3409: 3406: 3402: 3399: 3395: 3392: 3388: 3385: – 3384: 3380: 3379:Find sources: 3373: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3355: 3351: 3346: 3345: 3337: 3335: 3334:Ivor Jennings 3331: 3326: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3303: 3299: 3296: 3292: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3249: 3245: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3210: 3208: 3207:full suffrage 3204: 3200: 3189: 3184: 3182: 3177: 3175: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3166: 3156: 3153: 3149: 3146: 3145: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3133:Social stigma 3131: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3113: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2907: 2898: 2897: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2817: 2814: 2813: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2778: 2769: 2768: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2742:State atheism 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2678:Jim Crow laws 2676: 2675: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2663:One-drop rule 2661: 2659: 2657: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2590: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2578:Blood quantum 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2565: 2556: 2555: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2519:Victimisation 2517: 2515: 2514:Trans bashing 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2484:Religious war 2482: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2464:Racialization 2462: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2414: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2335:Glass ceiling 2333: 2329: 2326: 2325: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2278:Ethnic hatred 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2213:Counter-jihad 2211: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2177: 2174: 2173: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2159: 2158: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1996: 1995:United States 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1859: 1858:United States 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1845: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1810: 1804: 1798: 1797: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1771:Protestantism 1769: 1767: 1764: 1760: 1757: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1686:LDS or Mormon 1684: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1642: 1637: 1636: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1608:Transmisogyny 1606: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1599: 1596: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1511:Gerontophobia 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1431:Anti-intersex 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1406:Anti-albinism 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1379: 1378: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1267: 1258: 1257: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1231:Institutional 1229: 1228: 1219: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1193: 1183: 1178: 1176: 1171: 1169: 1164: 1163: 1161: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1142: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 995:Ethnocentrism 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 942: 936: 935: 930: 925:Organizations 922: 921: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 898:Technological 896: 894: 891: 887: 886:Ethnocacerism 884: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 866: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 851: 850: 849:Revolutionary 847: 845: 842: 838: 835: 833: 830: 826: 823: 822: 821: 818: 814: 811: 809: 806: 805: 804: 801: 800: 799: 796: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 775: 772: 771: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 756: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 729: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 693: 690: 689: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 670: 668: 665: 663: 660: 658: 655: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 637: 636: 633: 629: 626: 625: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 600: 597: 592: 591: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 560: 554: 553: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 467: 463: 458: 457: 454: 451: 450: 446: 442: 441: 431: 426: 424: 419: 417: 412: 411: 409: 408: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 289: 288: 287: 283: 282: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 227: 224: 220: 217: 215: 212: 211: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 193: 190: 189: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 113: 110: 109: 108: 107: 103: 102: 97: 94: 92: 89: 87: 84: 83: 82: 81: 78: 75: 74: 69: 66: 64: 61: 59: 56: 54: 51: 50: 49: 48: 44: 43: 39: 35: 34: 31: 28: 27: 22: 14265:Gender-blind 14181: 14152:Human rights 13980:Racial quota 13967: 13947:Jewish quota 13927:Gerontocracy 13922:Gender roles 13900:Disabilities 13885:Blood purity 13857:Wife selling 13847:White flight 13827:Slut-shaming 13807:Scapegoating 13725:Murder music 13398:Palestinians 13216:South Africa 13201:Black people 13179:South Africa 13000:Christianity 12990:Baháʼí Faith 12918:Sectarianism 12858:Heterosexism 12823:Ephebiphobia 12788:Antisemitism 12783:Anti-Masonry 12650:Hair texture 12491: 12463:group rights 12418: 12412: 12367:South Africa 12224:Treaties and 12096:Philippines 12048:Governmental 11870: 11799:Amazon Watch 11774:in Australia 11735:in Australia 11729: 11651:</ref> 11589: 11562: 11551: 11544: 11533: 11526: 11515: 11514:David Raic, 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Retrieved 7507: 7498: 7412:Nation-state 7284:South Africa 7282:province of 7280:Western Cape 7277: 7260:Western Cape 7239: 7197: 7167: 7157: 7153: 7142: 7134: 7130:independence 7122:commonwealth 7103: 7072: 7033: 7028:Constitution 7004:reservations 6993: 6965: 6920: 6911:Székely Land 6874: 6853: 6844:South Africa 6795: 6761: 6729: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6712: 6663: 6613: 6540: 6534: 6466: 6447: 6441:who married 6428: 6353: 6303:North Borneo 6291:North Borneo 6258:North Borneo 6253: 6247: 6216: 6185: 6130: 6108: 6044: 6035: 6020:Please help 6008: 5980: 5968: 5964:2016 unrests 5946: 5923: 5886: 5835: 5781:Since then, 5780: 5765: 5726: 5722: 5693: 5678: 5642: 5636: 5604: 5578: 5523: 5520:, April 2015 5480:Qing Dynasty 5469: 5431: 5412: 5396: 5360: 5322: 5287:paramilitary 5258: 5257: 5252: 5186: 5138: 5100: 5062: 5012: 4966: 4951: 4942: 4920: 4880: 4867: 4845: 4837: 4802: 4789: 4774: 4752: 4744: 4735: 4730: 4727:argued that: 4722: 4710: 4693:decentralize 4690: 4679: 4676: 4656: 4650: 4624: 4599: 4595: 4587: 4580: 4567: 4565: 4557: 4516: 4505:North Cyprus 4500: 4494: 4459: 4452: 4433: 4410: 4387: 4367:independence 4315:Dutch Empire 4309: 4303: 4272: 4245: 4212: 4164:Central Asia 4148:Soviet Union 4145: 4119: 4091: 4075:independence 4060: 3997: 3982: 3956: 3914: 3892:and eastern 3886:puppet state 3855: 3851:Adolf Hitler 3795:Newfoundland 3772: 3722: 3704: 3684: 3680:World War II 3629: 3603: 3555: 3527:Han identity 3500: 3473: 3450: 3430: 3421: 3411: 3404: 3397: 3390: 3378: 3366:Please help 3361:verification 3358: 3327: 3307:World War II 3277: 3242:assimilation 3226:independence 3211: 3201:refers to a 3198: 3197: 2967:Gender-blind 2848:Human rights 2668:Racial quota 2655: 2635:Jewish quota 2615:Gerontocracy 2610:Gender roles 2588:Disabilities 2573:Blood purity 2539:Wife selling 2529:White flight 2509:Slut-shaming 2489:Scapegoating 2407:Murder music 2072:Palestinians 1890:South Africa 1875:Black people 1853:South Africa 1666:Christianity 1656:Baháʼí Faith 1576:Sectarianism 1516:Heterosexism 1481:Ephebiphobia 1446:Antisemitism 1441:Anti-Masonry 1300:Hair texture 1117:Subsidiarity 945:Anationalism 704:Expansionist 577: 568:Independence 386: 382:Self defense 372:Reproductive 77:Human rights 14542:Sovereignty 14167:Nonviolence 14162:LGBT rights 14127:Empowerment 14095:Anti-racism 14017:Segregation 13962:No kid zone 13762:Persecution 13675:Hate speech 13626:Gay bashing 13601:Ethnic joke 13556:Dog whistle 13501:Blood libel 13196:Azerbaijani 13100:Neopaganism 13093:Persecution 13059:Persecution 13042:Persecution 13005:Catholicism 12940:Transphobia 12923:Supremacism 12878:Lesbophobia 12793:Aporophobia 12753:Anti-autism 12604:Taste-based 12599:Statistical 12379:Rubber boom 12362:New Zealand 11894:Colonialism 11720:Land rights 11468:, US, 2007. 11453:, Boulder: 11442:, Boulder: 11122:10 February 11096:10 February 11070:10 February 11044:10 February 11019:10 February 10993:10 February 10947:10 February 9827:, section 5 9088:ElPeriodico 7430: [ 7372:Irredentism 7242:West Papuan 7110:Puerto Rico 7018:recognizes 7010:within the 6871:South Tyrol 6803:, when the 6772:regionalism 6666:Francophone 6485:World War I 6364:Middle East 6315:referendums 6279:referendums 6038:August 2020 5849:sovereignty 5405:Protest in 5209:Pays Basque 5133:proto-state 5039:Post-Soviet 5003:Stepanakert 4975:. Also see 4671:Hongkongers 4665:During the 4631:sovereignty 4571:Law Journal 4529:Balochistan 4208:Third World 4204:Third World 4184:North Korea 4098:Article 73e 4069:subtitled " 3919:officially 3910:Han Chinese 3835:Afghanistan 3791:New Zealand 3715:Sudetenland 3505:in Russia; 3503:Pan-Slavism 3498:continent. 3480:sovereignty 3461:nationalism 3284:World War I 3280:nationalism 3251:A group of 2863:Nonviolence 2858:LGBT rights 2823:Empowerment 2791:Anti-racism 2705:Segregation 2650:No kid zone 2444:Persecution 2357:Hate speech 2308:Gay bashing 2283:Ethnic joke 2238:Dog whistle 2183:Blood libel 1870:Azerbaijani 1766:Neopaganism 1759:Persecution 1725:Persecution 1708:Persecution 1671:Catholicism 1598:Transphobia 1581:Supremacism 1536:Lesbophobia 1451:Aporophobia 1411:Anti-autism 1246:Taste-based 1241:Statistical 1088: [ 1040:Irredentism 1030:Imperialism 903:Territorial 869:Legionarism 557:Core values 453:Nationalism 357:Development 297:Association 192:Transgender 14496:Categories 14441:Stereotype 14436:Speciesism 14317:Oppression 14312:Oikophobia 14208:Allophilia 14192:Toleration 14049:Sodomy law 13942:Internment 13862:Witch-hunt 13740:Blackhawks 13670:Hate group 13658:Hate crime 13631:Gendercide 13621:Freak show 13611:Excellence 13571:Employment 13541:Defamation 13473:Vietnamese 13468:Venezuelan 13358:Lithuanian 13032:Falun Gong 12967:Xenophobia 12962:Vegaphobia 12945:Non-binary 12903:Pedophobia 12868:Homophobia 12680:Skin color 12640:Disability 12613:Attributes 12594:Structural 12349:Oka Crisis 12032:Two-spirit 11757:ecological 11687:Indigenous 11302:2012-03-04 11227:2021-07-25 11191:2021-07-25 11155:2009-05-17 10778:03.02.2017 10591:2012-03-04 10518:2017-03-05 10464:2012-03-04 10443:2012-03-04 10374:2012-05-29 10340:2012-05-29 10293:2012-03-04 10262:2012-03-04 10220:2010-07-29 10065:2016-03-08 9804:2013-07-11 9773:2013-07-11 9562:2008-10-07 9519:2012-03-04 9498:2015-01-30 9492:Mercopress 9439:2012-03-04 9418:2015-10-09 9393:2015-10-09 9369:2015-10-09 9340:2015-10-09 9271:2021-04-05 9239:2021-04-05 9206:2021-04-05 9181:2021-04-05 9146:2021-04-05 9094:20 October 9062:BBC Africa 9043:2012-03-04 8982:2012-03-04 8940:2017-01-02 8793:2022-10-02 8743:2012-03-07 8678:2012-03-04 8652:2012-03-04 8618:2012-03-04 8578:2012-03-04 8461:2021-03-30 8429:2012-03-04 8191:2014-04-10 8170:2012-03-04 8145:2012-03-04 8120:2015-05-08 8101:Paris 1919 8088:Paris 1919 8054:Paris 1919 8019:2012-03-04 8015:. May 2010 7991:2012-03-04 7880:Alien Rule 7562:Wikisource 7513:2022-09-19 7491:References 7464:Separatism 7377:Legitimacy 7252:under the 7214:West Papua 7137:referendum 7118:plebiscite 7068:Black Belt 7064:New Afrika 6887:after the 6750:protection 6744:, further 6742:devolution 6571:republican 6555:High Court 6548:qualified 6070:Syrian War 5826:Davao City 5655:Port Louis 5379:parliament 5361:After the 5279:separatist 5201:País Vasco 5161:Ansar Dine 4922:neutrality 4862:See also: 4478:Kuomintang 4455:East Timor 4339:East Timor 4297:. In 1971 4264:Korean War 4140:See also: 4113:to ensure 3805:after the 3801:, and the 3743:Baltic Sea 3609:Bolsheviks 3507:Ottomanism 3484:John Locke 3424:March 2010 3394:newspapers 3323:UN Charter 3272:East Timor 3234:protection 3230:federation 3143:Stereotype 3138:Speciesism 3019:Oppression 3014:Oikophobia 2910:Allophilia 2886:Toleration 2737:Sodomy law 2630:Internment 2544:Witch-hunt 2422:Blackhawks 2352:Hate group 2340:Hate crime 2313:Gendercide 2303:Freak show 2293:Excellence 2253:Employment 2223:Defamation 2147:Vietnamese 2142:Venezuelan 2032:Lithuanian 1698:Falun Gong 1625:Xenophobia 1620:Vegaphobia 1603:Non-binary 1561:Pedophobia 1526:Homophobia 1330:Skin color 1290:Disability 1261:Attributes 1236:Structural 1134:Xenophobia 1102:Revanchism 1055:Militarism 714:Indigenism 709:Homosexual 677:Ecological 583:Solidarity 573:Patriotism 563:Allegiance 347:Linguistic 322:Fair trial 204:Minorities 172:Indigenous 14517:Secession 14414:Christian 14342:Prejudice 14290:Masculism 14238:Diversity 14032:religious 14007:Redlining 13606:Ethnocide 13566:Education 13458:Ukrainian 13393:Pakistani 13383:Mongolian 13311:Australia 13293:Hungarian 13248:Colombian 13228:Bulgarian 13110:Rastafari 13064:Ahmadiyya 12977:Religious 12955:Trans men 12913:Pregnancy 12848:Gayphobia 12843:Fatphobia 12738:Acephobia 12733:Arophobia 12717:Viewpoint 12000:Rancherie 11995:Ranchería 11970:Bantustan 11911:Biopiracy 11740:in Canada 11571:1460-1346 10776:Telegraph 9852:(1): 322. 9266:1134-6582 9234:1134-6582 8833:144826573 8768:March 10, 8548:142202032 7693:gwpda.org 7256:in 1962. 7234:Melbourne 7126:statehood 6970:from the 6935:Hungarian 6907:of 1946. 6865:Afrikaner 6850:Volkstaat 6726:Sardinian 6628:Palestine 6579:Palestine 6573:mural in 6561:Palestine 6519:in 1974. 6479:based on 6458:Famagusta 6388:Classical 6372:Egyptians 6368:Assyrians 6193:in Turkey 6110:Kurdistan 6009:does not 5990:Kurdistan 5910:in 1948. 5900:Palestine 5713:Hong Kong 5702:Greenland 5661:Gibraltar 5627:Argentina 5407:Barcelona 5371:Artur Mas 5345:Catalonia 5339:Catalonia 5283:terrorist 5091:Australia 4945:July 2021 4933:talk page 4537:Palestine 4525:Kurdistan 4457:in 2002. 4444:Communism 4363:Indonesia 4355:Australia 4311:Indonesia 4236:Indonesia 4215:contained 3959:East Asia 3939:. By the 3921:succeeded 3890:Manchuria 3882:Manchukuo 3876:after it 3874:Manchuria 3777:. 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