1799:, degrading, cruel treatment and has led to children's death. The problem is complicated by the nearly "unlimited power" of the Jugendamt officers, with no processes to review or resolve inappropriate or harmful treatment. By German law, Jugendamt (JA) officers are protected against prosecution. JA officers span of control is seen in cases that go to family court where experts testimony may be overturned by lesser educated or experienced JA officers; In more than 90% of the cases the JA officer's recommendation is accepted by family court. Officers have also disregarded family court decisions, such as when to return children to their parents, without repercussions. Germany has not recognized related child-welfare decisions made by the European Parliamentary Court that have sought to protect or resolve children and parents' rights violations.
1714:(1967). In this trial 15-year-old Gerald Gault of Arizona was taken into custody by local police after being accused of making an obscene telephone call. He was detained and committed to the Arizona State Industrial School until he reached the age of 21 for making an obscene phone call to an adult neighbor. In an 8–1 decision, the Court ruled that in hearings which could result in commitment to an institution, people under the age of 18 have the right to notice and counsel, to question witnesses, and to protection against self-incrimination. The Court found that the procedures used in Gault's hearing met none of these requirements.
655:
1508:(ICCPR) in 1966. The ICCPR is a multilateral international covenant that has been ratified or acceded to by nearly all nations on Earth. Nations which have become state-parties to the Covenant are required to honor and enforce the rights enunciated by the Covenant. The treaty came into effect on 23 March 1976. The rights codified by the ICCPR are universal, so they apply to everyone without exception and this includes children. Although children have all rights, some rights such as the right to marry and the right to vote come into effect only after the child reaches maturity.
1102:
40:
1599:
their national action plans. By means of these national action plans and through international efforts, particular priority should be placed on reducing infant and maternal mortality rates, reducing malnutrition and illiteracy rates and providing access to safe drinking water and basic education. Whenever so called for, national plans of action should be devised to combat devastating emergencies resulting from
562:
1756:
constitutionally based liberty interest in the protection of their established families, rights which are at least equal to, and we believe outweigh, the rights of others who would claim a 'possessory' interest in these children." Other issues raised in
American children's rights advocacy include children's rights to inheritance in
678:(1924), which enunciated the child's right to receive the requirements for normal development, the right of the hungry child to be fed, the right of the sick child to receive health care, the right of the backward child to be reclaimed, the right of orphans to shelter, and the right to protection from exploitation.
1326:
Parents do not have absolute power over their children. Parents are subject to criminal laws against abandonment, abuse, and neglect of children. International human rights law provides that manifestation of one's religion may be limited in the interests of public safety, for the protection of public
1607:
and the equally grave problem of children in extreme poverty. Further, para 48 urges all states, with the support of international cooperation, to address the acute problem of children under especially difficult circumstances. Exploitation and abuse of children should be actively combated, including
1670:
or children's commissioners whose official, governmental duty is to represent the interests of the public by investigating and addressing complaints reported by individual citizens regarding children's rights. Children's ombudspeople can also work for a corporation, a newspaper, an NGO, or even for
1598:
urges, at
Section II para 47, all nations to undertake measures to the maximum extent of their available resources, with the support of international cooperation, to achieve the goals in the World Summit Plan of Action. And calls on States to integrate the Convention on the Rights of the Child into
1419:
strengthened the literature surrounding the field, and today dozens of international organizations are working around the world to promote children's rights. In the UK the formation of a community of educationalists, teachers, youth justice workers, politicians and cultural contributors called the
1569:
The CRC is based on four core principles: the principle of non-discrimination; the best interests of the child; the right to life, survival and development; and considering the views of the child in decisions that affect them, according to their age and maturity. The CRC, along with international
1366:
While children undeniably benefit from the
Charter, most notably in its protection of their rights to life and to the security of their person, they are unable to assert these rights, and our society accordingly presumes that parents will exercise their freedom of choice in a manner that does not
706:(then an attorney) stated that children's rights were a "slogan in need of a definition". According to some researchers, the notion of children's rights is still not well defined, with at least one proposing that there is no singularly accepted definition or theory of the rights held by children.
573:
is a mass of human rights law, both treaty and 'soft law', both general and child-specific, which recognises the distinct status and particular requirements of children. , owing to their particular vulnerability and their significance as the future generation, are entitled to special treatment
1062:
Article 19 of the
Convention on the Rights of the Child enjoins parties to "take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or
1755:
There are other concerns in the United States regarding children's rights. The
American Academy of Adoption Attorneys is concerned with children's rights to a safe, supportive and stable family structure. Their position on children's rights in adoption cases states that, "children have a
1648:
Special
Session on Children. It was set up to promote full implementation and compliance with the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and to ensure that child rights were given priority during the UN General Assembly Special Session on Children and its Preparatory process. The
1653:
was created "with the hope that it could be more objective, credible and efficient in denouncing human rights violations worldwide than the highly politicized
Commission on Human Rights." The NGO Group for the Convention on the Rights of the Child is a coalition of international
1442:
world, including the decisions and responsibilities of that world. In a dominantly adult society, childhood is idealized as a time of innocence, a time free of responsibility and conflict, and a time dominated by play. The majority of opposition stems from concerns related to
1237:
rights is that children's rights supporters generally advocate the establishment and enforcement of protection for children and youths, while youth rights (a far smaller movement) generally advocates the expansion of freedom for children and/or youths and of rights such as
934:
Economic, social and cultural rights, related to the conditions necessary to meet basic human needs such as food, shelter, education, health care, and gainful employment. Included are rights to education, adequate housing, food, water, the highest attainable standard of
1348:, that parents' rights diminish with the increasing age and competency of the child, but do not vanish completely until the child reaches majority. Parents' rights are connected to the parent's duties to the child. In the absence of duty, no parents' rights exists. The
1437:
The opposition to children's rights long predates any current trend in society, with recorded statements against the rights of children dating to the 13th century and earlier. Opponents to children's rights believe that young people need to be protected from the
1058:
children and the submission to or coercion of children into piercings, tattoos or plastic surgery". The
Assembly adopted a non-binding resolution in 2013 that calls on its 47 member-states to take numerous actions to promote the physical integrity of children.
1475:
is seen as a basis for all international legal standards for children's rights today. There are several conventions and laws that address children's rights around the world. A number of current and historical documents affect those rights, including the
1561:
it commit themselves to protecting and ensuring children's rights, and agree to hold themselves accountable for this commitment before the international community. The CRC is the most widely ratified human rights treaty with 196 ratifications; the
1420:
New Ideals in
Education Conferences (1914–37) stood for the value of 'liberating the child' and helped to define the 'good' primary school in England until the 80s. Their conferences inspired the UNESCO organisation, the New Education Fellowship.
1287:. There have been theories offered that provide parents with rights-based practices that resolve the tension between "commonsense parenting" and children's rights. The issue is particularly relevant in legal proceedings that affect the potential
1451:, the parent-child relationship. Financial constraints and the "undercurrent of traditional values in opposition to children's rights" are cited, as well. The concept of children's rights has received little attention in the United States.
720:
for children involved in the criminal justice system, appropriate representation, and effective rehabilitative services; care and protection for children in state care; ensuring education for all children regardless of their
1053:
identified several areas the
Committee was concerned about, including procedures such as "female genital mutilation, the circumcision of young boys for religious reasons, early childhood medical interventions in the case of
699:(1959), which enunciated ten principles for the protection of children's rights, including the universality of rights, the right to special protection, and the right to protection from discrimination, among other rights.
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158:
3155:
Individual UPR Submission: Germany. February 2009. Submitted by BĂĽndnis RECHTE fĂĽr KINDER e.V. and supported by President of the INGO Conference of the Council of Europe, Annelise Oeschger. Retrieved December 27,
612:, and others, are vested with that authority, depending on the circumstances. Some believe that this state of affairs gives children insufficient control over their own lives and causes them to be vulnerable.
469:
as well as the basic needs for physical protection, food, universal state-paid education, health care, and criminal laws appropriate for the age and development of the child, equal protection of the child's
1553:, or CRC, is the first legally binding international instrument to incorporate the full range of human rights—civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. Its implementation is monitored by the
521:, though what constitutes "abuse" is a matter of debate. Other definitions include the rights to care and nurturing. There are no definitions of other terms used to describe young people such as "
1267:
affect the lives of children in a unique way, and as such their role in children's rights has to be distinguished in a particular way. Particular issues in the child-parent relationship include
1836:
5157:
1429:(1915), a diary of a headteacher changing his school to one based on the liberation and happiness of the child, can be seen as a cultural product that celebrates the heroes of this movement.
5077:
777:, are dormant until they are of age, Secondly, they have special human rights that are necessary to protect them during their minority. General rights operative in childhood include the
517:
Interpretations of children's rights range from allowing children the capacity for autonomous action to the enforcement of children being physically, mentally and emotionally free from
3148:
1629:
1411:
2420:
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interprets article 19 as prohibiting corporal punishment, commenting on the "obligation of all States Party to move quickly to prohibit and eliminate all corporal punishment." The
1405:
is among the earliest English-language assertions of the rights of children. Throughout the 20th century, children's rights activists organized for homeless children's rights and
596:
by law, children do not have autonomy or the right to make decisions on their own for themselves in any known jurisdiction of the world. Instead their adult caregivers, including
4571:
2879:
2181:
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665:(1765-9) recognized three parental duties to the child: maintenance, protection, and education. In modern language, the child has a right to receive these from the parent.
3349:
4652:
900:, neglect, exploitation and discrimination. This includes the right to safe places for children to play; constructive child rearing behavior, and acknowledgment of the
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4657:
3369:
1723:
1386:
709:
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In the majority of jurisdictions, for instance, children are not allowed to vote, to marry, to buy alcohol, to have sex, or to engage in paid employment. Within the
685:(1948) in Article 25(2) recognized the need of motherhood and childhood to "special protection and assistance" and the right of all children to "social protection".
2878:
Newman, Michael (2015) Children's Rights in our Schools – the movement to liberate the child, an introduction to the New Ideals in Education Conferences 1914-1937,
2226:"Transgressing the Border Between Protection and Empowerment for Domestic Violence Victims and Older Children: Empowerment as Protection in the Foster Care System,"
5102:
1527:
the right to be separated from adults when charged with a crime, the right to speedy adjudication, and the right to be accorded treatment appropriate to their age
1951:
837:
under the law and those placing a claim on society for protection from harms perpetrated on children because of their dependency. These have been labeled as the
5097:
5082:
4647:
1697:
954:", and including the right to live in safe and healthy environments and that groups of people have the right to cultural, political, and economic development.
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1505:
1072:
232:
1082:
Newell (1993) argued that "...pressure for protection of children's physical integrity should be an integral part of pressure for all children's rights."
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1401:
1012:
Scholarly study generally focuses children's rights by identifying individual rights. The following rights "allow children to grow up healthy and free":
1749:
1684:
5245:
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1795:: Youth office) that often unfairly allows for unchecked government control of the parent-child relationship, which have resulted in harm including
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4992:
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1704:
of that amendment is to apply to children, born within a marriage or not, but excludes children not yet born. This was reinforced by the landmark
5087:
1050:
5152:
2644:"Clinician Advocacy and Intersex Health: A History of Intersex Health Care and the Role of the Clinician Advocate Past, Present, and Future"
5037:
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5022:
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3002:
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The United States has signed but not ratified the CRC. As a result, children's rights have not been systematically implemented in the U.S.
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Article 24 codifies the right of the child to special protection due to his minority, the right to a name, and the right to a nationality.
1258:
3214:
619:
Structures such as government policy have been held by some commentators to mask the ways adults abuse and exploit children, resulting in
5057:
5042:
4977:
4967:
4797:
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1928:
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1358:, that parents may not grant surrogate consent for non-therapeutic sterilization. The Supreme Court of Canada has ruled, in the case of
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1911:
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A variety of enforcement organizations and mechanisms exist to ensure children's rights. They include the Child Rights Caucus for the
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247:
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4732:
4717:
4702:
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A child's rights to a relationship with both their parents is increasingly recognized as an important factor for determining the
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673:
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Pharaoh's daughter having pity on baby Moses in the floating basket. (The Hebrew babies had been ordered killed by her father.)
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child rights public awareness Campaign of British Columbia, Canada. Resources include links and publications related to the
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Adler (2013) argues that parents are not empowered to grant surrogate consent for non-therapeutic circumcision of children.
1093:(1989), asserts that "every child should have the opportunity to grow and develop free from preventable illness or injury."
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4862:
4857:
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in 1946, followed by a much expanded version adopted by the General Assembly in 1959. It later served as the basis for the
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1064:
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92:
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Brennan, S. and Noggle, R. (1997) "The Moral Status of Children: Children's Rights, Parent's Rights, and Family Justice,"
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3439:
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1813:
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457:(CRC) defines a child as "any human being below the age of eighteen years, unless under the law applicable to the child,
403:
188:
1973:, G.A. res. 44/25, annex, 44 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 49) at 167, U.N. Doc. A/44/49 (1989), entered into force Sept. 2 1990.
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originally formed in 1983 to facilitate the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.
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Indig, Gnendy; Serrano, Mariana; Dalke, Katharine B.; Ejiogu, Nwadiogo I.; Grimstad, Frances (September 13, 2021).
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has gone so far as to describe this legal machinery, as it applies to children, as "repressive state apparatuses".
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64:
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standard of care for intersex children is to delay all surgery until the child is old enough to participate in
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Calkins, C.F. (1972) "Reviewed Work: Children's Rights: Toward the Liberation of the Child by Paul Adams",
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69:
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Consensus on defining children's rights has become clearer in the last fifty years. A 1973 publication by
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773:. They have the same fundamental general human rights as adults, although some human rights, such as the
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479:
215:
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59:
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826:
143:
87:
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4151:
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3634:
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2614:
378:
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1127:. Historically intersex children have been the subject of involuntary surgical assignment and later
453:
with particular attention to the rights of special protection and care afforded to minors. The 1989
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3684:
2973:
2130:
1846:
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Children are generally afforded the basic rights embodied by the Constitution, as enshrined by the
1194:
970:
654:
2704:
Brownlie, J. and Anderson, S. (2006) "'Beyond Anti-Smacking': Rethinking parent–child relations,"
2563:"What's the history behind the intersex rights movement? | Intersex Society of North America"
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generally, and, in situations of danger, to priority in the receipt of assistance and protection.
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1307:
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Implementing Adolescent Reproductive Rights Through the Convention on the Rights of the Child"
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1224:
1114:
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383:
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183:
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as the "3 Ps": Provision, Protection, and Participation. They may be elaborated as follows:
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1254:
807:
713:
422:
358:
242:
153:
138:
133:
1169:, unless emergency surgery is needed. Intersex people are likewise more likely to develop
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for themselves. This includes children's involvement in libraries and community programs,
8:
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4267:
4156:
4141:
3242:
3236:
3192:
2824:
1822:
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911:
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373:
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293:
227:
128:
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2348:
2197:
2117:
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A report by the Committee on Social Affairs, Health, and Sustainable Development of the
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4257:
3649:
2962:
The Challenge of Children's Rights for Canada. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p 158.
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2588:
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for crimes committed when below the age of eighteen. It ruled that such executions are
1621:
1425:
1202:
1021:
982:
730:
624:
487:
393:
388:
318:
262:
220:
193:
1586:, is said to have significantly increased the profile of children's rights worldwide.
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is attained earlier." Children's rights includes their right to association with both
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3624:
3048:
2899:
2721:
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2663:
2622:
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1757:
1625:
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order, health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.
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1206:
1031:
1026:
1016:
669:
530:
398:
363:
348:
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is defined as the point where the law intersects with a child's life. That includes
4632:
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3732:
3230:
3127:
3077:
2655:
2506:
2472:
2446:
2193:
2157:, G.A. res. 1386 (XIV), 14 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 19, U.N. Doc. A/4354 (1959).
2056:
2047:
Thorne, B (1987). "Re-Visioning Women and Social Change: Where Are the Children?".
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violations. Of particular concern is the German (and Austrian) agency, Jugendamt (
1736:
1705:
1634:
Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography
1617:
1600:
1406:
1340:, ruled that a parent's religion does not permit a child to be placed at risk. The
1311:
1198:
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exist to support and advocate for intersex youth, and stop involuntary unnecessary
1170:
1166:
1156:
1139:, which was often concealed from patients; in the US, this system was known as the
990:
851:
United Nations educational guides for children classify the rights outlined in the
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343:
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4131:
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4035:
4005:
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3022:
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2659:
2424:
2264:
2225:
2154:
1970:
1955:
1792:
1579:
1128:
1106:
1079:
or punishment" to extend to children, including corporal punishment of children.
1035:
1002:
944:
875:
738:
734:
703:
613:
584:
495:
491:
458:
415:
368:
338:
308:
303:
205:
2544:
Progress and Politics in the intersex rights movement, Feminist theory in action
2392:, Doc. 13297. Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, 6 September 2013.
2007:
Lansdown, G. "Children's welfare and children's rights," in Hendrick, H. (2005)
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by addressing their root causes. Effective measures are required against female
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4055:
3995:
3659:
3654:
3644:
3639:
3604:
2776:
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
2436:
UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (2006) "General Comment No. 8:" par. 3.
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1781:
1777:
1604:
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1489:
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in 1924 and reaffirmed in 1934. A slightly expanded version was adopted by the
1481:
1416:
1315:
1182:
1152:
1132:
978:
632:
566:
475:
333:
313:
257:
2974:"The U.S. and the international children's rights crusade: leader or laggard?"
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2120:, adopted Sept. 26, 1924, League of Nations O.J. Spec. Supp. 21, at 43 (1924).
950:
Environmental, cultural and developmental rights, which are sometimes called "
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4176:
4146:
4126:
3985:
3960:
3883:
3797:
3787:
3782:
3696:
3589:
1563:
1524:
the right to freedom from cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
1439:
1396:
1354:
1303:
1284:
1268:
1148:
974:
962:
940:
915:
883:
825:
Children's rights are defined in numerous ways, including a wide spectrum of
620:
601:
328:
118:
2476:
1261:. Parents are given sufficient powers to fulfill their duties to the child.
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4403:
4392:
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4308:
4262:
4242:
4015:
4010:
3990:
3970:
3956:
3900:
3747:
3629:
3579:
2749:
Kaslow, FW (1990) Children who sue parents: A new form of family homicide?
2667:
1995:
1851:
1788:
1613:
1558:
1233:
1218:
986:
833:. Rights tend to be of two general types: those advocating for children as
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643:
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609:
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22:
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3524:
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1 AC 112, 3 All ER 402, 3 WLR 830, 1 FLR 224, Crim LR 113, 2 BMLR 11.
1776:, Annelise Oeschger finds that children and their parents are subject to
1710:
1609:
1272:
961:
openly advocates four particular children's rights, including the end to
919:
897:
867:
840:
717:
593:
518:
2717:
Cutting, E. (1999) "Giving Parents a Voice: A Children's Rights Issue,"
1212:
4324:
4100:
4045:
4040:
4030:
4025:
3878:
3752:
3614:
3609:
3565:
3249:"United States: Thousands of Children Sentenced to Life without Parole"
2168:
The new handbook of children's rights: comparative policy and practice.
1837:
Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children
1499:
879:
789:. Particular human rights of children include, among other rights, the
746:
522:
503:
3254:
3047:. "From Peace to Justice Series". London: Cambridge University Press.
5204:
4085:
3951:
3930:
3812:
3737:
3689:
3619:
3574:
1667:
887:
871:
754:
533:, but the children's rights movement is considered distinct from the
511:
1628:, and other forms of sexual abuse. This influenced the adoptions of
1346:
Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority and another
638:
Researchers have identified children as needing to be recognized as
4637:
4252:
4136:
4075:
4065:
4000:
3837:
3817:
3742:
2903:
2725:
2407:, Resolution 1952., Adopted at Strasbourg, Tuesday, 1 October 2013.
1239:
1174:
834:
742:
550:
546:
542:
499:
3255:"What Future: Street Children in the Democratic Republic of Congo"
3169:
2765:
Fathers Are Capable Too: Parenting Association. Retrieved 2/24/08.
2581:"The Mental Health and Well-being of LGBTQ Youth who are Intersex"
1630:
Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict
39:
5194:
5189:
4095:
4070:
3847:
2386:
Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development.
1796:
1330:
Courts have placed other limits on parental powers and acts. The
1299:
1101:
998:
605:
4194:
3045:
International Criminal Accountability and the Rights of Children
2562:
1147:
heavily criticized. Intersex children often face high levels of
5174:
4361:
4228:
4225:
4020:
3807:
3792:
3555:
1785:
1264:
1136:
994:
966:
936:
726:
597:
483:
462:
31:
3243:"Saudi Arabia: Follow U.N. Call to End Juvenile Death Penalty"
1159:
for having atypical bodies, or undergoing medical procedures.
581:
International Law Concerning Child Civilians in Armed Conflict
3925:
2988:
2928:
Lansdown, G. (1994). "Children's rights," in B. Mayall (ed.)
2315:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 10.
2081:
Lansdown, G. (1994). "Children's rights," in B. Mayall (ed.)
2020:
Lansdown, G. (1994). "Children's rights," in B. Mayall (ed.)
1589:
635:
towards whom society needs to reconsider the way it behaves.
537:
movement. The field of children's rights spans the fields of
526:
3197:
1306:
proceedings. Some governments have enacted laws creating a
649:
561:
5184:
3711:
2539:
2351:, Children's Rights Information Network. Retrieved 2/23/08.
1727:(1969) that students in school have Constitutional rights.
757:, or other characteristics, and; health care and advocacy.
642:
whose rights and responsibilities need to be recognized at
3113:
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
1724:
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
799:
right to express his views in matters concerning the child
3290:
2849:
B. (R.) v. Children's Aid Society of Metropolitan Toronto
2762:
2613:
2427:. United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
1818:
1360:
B. (R.) v. Children's Aid Society of Metropolitan Toronto
1123:
Intersex children are children born or develop, atypical
538:
3231:"Lessons in Terror: Attacks on Education in Afghanistan"
2802:
Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority
1998:, Human Rights Education Association. Retrieved 2/23/08.
1534:
3182:
2641:
2310:
1944:
1942:
1666:
Many countries around the world have children's rights
1387:
Timeline of young people's rights in the United Kingdom
1245:
3187:
2489:
2360:
Freeman, M. (2000) "The Future of Children's Rights,"
2287:"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
1698:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
1681:
Timeline of young people's rights in the United States
1391:
Timeline of young people's rights in the United States
922:
activities, and involving children as decision-makers.
783:
to freedom from inhuman, cruel, or degrading treatment
3023:"Convention on the Rights of the Child | UNICEF"
2237:
Ahearn, D., Holzer, B. with Andrews, L. (2000, 2007)
2118:
Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child of 1924
2009:
Child Welfare And Social Policy: An Essential Reader.
1984:
Children's Right to Freedom, Care, and Enlightenment.
1213:
Difference between children's rights and youth rights
1193:
Other issues affecting children's rights include the
3237:"Burundi: Former Child Soldiers Languish in Custody"
2942:"Frequently Asked Questions about Children's Rights"
2335:(1997) "Children's rights in the Canadian context",
1939:
1511:
Some general rights applicable to children include:
1506:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1500:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1073:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
803:
right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion
2483:
1173:then the general population. Organizations such as
985:, an international advocacy organization, includes
5158:of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)
2894:Paper presented at the 83rd Annual Meeting of the
2827:16(3) Richmond J. L. & Pub. Int 439-86 (2013).
2113:
2111:
1916:
1750:Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution
1685:International child abduction in the United States
5246:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
2401:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.
2093:
2091:
1454:
1321:
1291:, and in cases where children sue their parents.
1227:, it is believed that the key difference between
631:. On this view, children are to be regarded as a
565:A boy working as a "clock boy" on the streets of
5258:
2313:Childism: Confronting Prejudice Against Children
3215:"Sri Lankan Army Warns Children can be Targets"
3070:
2951:, Amnesty International USA. Retrieved 2/24/08.
2930:Children's childhood: Observed and experienced.
2148:
2108:
2083:Children's childhood: Observed and experienced.
2022:Children's childhood: Observed and experienced.
1570:criminal accountability mechanisms such as the
1051:Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
2088:
977:for people under 21, and raising awareness of
4377:
4210:
4050:(American 'crib' and 'cradle', British 'cot')
3540:
3276:
2898:in Chicago, Illinois, Aug. 30-Sept. 3, 1975.
2892:Children's Rights: Countering the Opposition.
1566:is the only country not to have ratified it.
675:Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child
423:
2228:New England School of Law. Retrieved 4/3/08.
787:right to special protection during childhood
2220:
2218:
2033:Jenks, C. (1996) "Conceptual limitations,"
1958:, Amnesty International. Retrieved 2/23/08.
1857:
930:(CRIN) categorizes rights into two groups:
896:Children have the right to protection from
4384:
4370:
4217:
4203:
3554:
3547:
3533:
3283:
3269:
3065:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
2395:
1596:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
1590:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
1109:for intersex children, from textbook 1963.
430:
416:
3188:International Bureau of Children's Rights
2778:as amended by Protocols No. 11 and No. 14
2751:Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. 16
2510:
2461:"The child's right to physical integrity"
1185:and shame surrounding intersex subjects.
650:Historic definitions of children's rights
2819:
2817:
2458:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2215:
1929:Category:Children's rights organizations
1774:INGO Conference of the Council of Europe
1100:
886:, a warm bed to sleep in, and access to
653:
560:
5078:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2619:Sexual health, human rights and the law
2607:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2250:
2131:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
1923:List of children's rights organizations
1889:Children's rights in the United Kingdom
1772:A report filed by the President of the
864:right to an adequate standard of living
5259:
5170:List of human rights abuses by country
4658:during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017)
4623:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
2492:"Religious objections to medical care"
2404:Children's Right to Physical Integrity
2389:Children's Right to Physical Integrity
2380:
2179:
2155:Declaration of the Rights of the Child
2046:
1912:Index of youth rights–related articles
1894:Declaration of the Rights of the Child
1478:Declaration of the Rights of the Child
1467:Declaration of the Rights of the Child
1071:has also interpreted Article 7 of the
813:right to protection from economic and
696:Declaration of the Rights of the Child
5241:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4365:
4198:
3528:
3264:
3202:Convention on the Rights of the Child
2989:Convention on the Rights of the Child
2862:"New Ideals in Education Conferences"
2814:
2621:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
2418:Convention on the Rights of the Child
2270:
2258:Convention on the Rights of the Child
2240:Children's Rights Law: A Career Guide
1971:Convention on the Rights of the Child
1966:
1964:
1689:Child labor laws in the United States
1551:Convention on the Rights of the Child
1541:Convention on the Rights of the Child
1535:Convention on the Rights of the Child
1494:Convention on the Rights of the Child
1473:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1367:offend the rights of their children.
1091:Convention on the Rights of the Child
1069:United Nations Human Rights Committee
947:of minorities and indigenous peoples.
853:Convention on the Rights of the Child
683:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
455:Convention on the Rights of the Child
3665:Infant respiratory distress syndrome
2932:London: The Falmer Press. (p 33-34).
2693:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
2528:
1832:International Children's Peace Prize
1674:
1555:Committee on the Rights of the Child
1246:Parents' rights and responsibilities
1065:Committee on the Rights of the Child
831:economic, social and cultural rights
3175:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3170:"Rights and Obligations of Parents"
2540:Alice D. Dreger; April M. Herndon.
2198:10.17763/haer.43.4.e14676283875773k
2099:Commentaries on the Laws of England
1906:Index of children's rights articles
1814:European Convention on Human Rights
1651:United Nations Human Rights Council
943:and rights at work, as well as the
13:
4668:during the Libyan civil war (2011)
4530:National human rights institutions
4525:List of human rights organisations
3003:"United Nations Treaty Collection"
3000:
2896:American Psychological Association
1961:
1732:Supreme Court of the United States
1719:Supreme Court of the United States
1332:Supreme Court of the United States
1143:, which organizations such as the
1096:
1085:The Committee on Bioethics of the
1044:
928:Child Rights International Network
14:
5278:
4224:
3162:
2960:Covell, K. and Howe, R.B. (2001)
2763:"What is equal shared parenting?"
2445:UN Human Rights Committee (1992)
1842:National Action Plan for Children
1748:, so they are a violation of the
1521:the right to freedom from torture
760:
556:
4653:at Guantánamo Bay detention camp
4391:
3350:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3183:Child Rights Information Network
2375:Peabody Journal of Education. 49
2311:Young-Bruehl, Elisabeth (2012).
38:
4778:in Chile under Augusto Pinochet
4484:Natural rights and legal rights
4474:Claim rights and liberty rights
3600:Breastfeeding and mental health
3208:
3139:
3119:
3105:
3091:
3058:
3033:
3015:
2994:
2982:
2966:
2954:
2935:
2922:
2909:
2884:
2872:
2854:
2842:
2830:
2795:
2783:
2768:
2756:
2743:
2739:Social Theory and Practice. 23.
2731:
2711:
2698:
2682:
2635:
2596:
2573:
2555:
2490:Committee on Bioethics (1997).
2452:
2439:
2430:
2410:
2367:
2354:
2342:
2329:
2304:
2231:
2173:
2160:
2123:
2085:London: The Falmer Press. p 34.
2024:London: The Falmer Press. p 33.
1917:Children's rights organizations
1661:
1646:United Nations General Assembly
1518:the right to security of person
1504:The United Nations adopted the
1188:
1141:optimum gender of rearing model
1105:The standard medical model was
969:, an end to the recruitment of
779:right to security of the person
690:United Nations General Assembly
65:Natural rights and legal rights
55:Claim rights and liberty rights
4648:against Palestinians by Israel
3370:Federated States of Micronesia
3225:Center for Reproductive Rights
3067:. Section II, para 46 & 47
2917:Handbook of Social Psychology.
2075:
2040:
2027:
2014:
2001:
1989:
1976:
1656:non-governmental organizations
1639:
1584:Special Court for Sierra Leone
1455:International human rights law
1322:Limitations of parental powers
1087:American Academy of Pediatrics
1077:inhuman or degrading treatment
771:international human rights law
1:
3595:Breastfeeding and medications
2780:. Adopted at Rome, 4 XL 1950.
1933:
1869:Children's rights in Colombia
1767:
1461:International child abduction
1432:
1179:intersex civil society groups
1163:The World Health Organization
979:human rights in the classroom
514:, or other characteristics.
93:Economic, social and cultural
4489:Negative and positive rights
4157:Neonatal withdrawal syndrome
3778:Infant cognitive development
3675:Neonatal intensive care unit
3291:Children's rights by country
3146:League for Children's Rights
2660:10.3928/19382359-20210816-01
2247:. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
1746:cruel and unusual punishment
1572:International Criminal Court
1557:. National governments that
1412:The Child's Right to Respect
478:on the basis of the child's
389:Self-determination of people
70:Negative and positive rights
7:
5231:List of human rights awards
5103:in the United Arab Emirates
4479:Individual and group rights
4081:Supplemental nursing system
2991:, UNICEF. Retrieved 4/3/08.
1809:Children's rights education
1802:
1762:particular rights for youth
1374:
1342:Lords of Appeal in Ordinary
1296:best interests of the child
1129:hormone replacement therapy
1119:Intersex genital mutilation
910:Children have the right to
765:Children have two types of
60:Individual and group rights
10:
5283:
5153:of the Marcos dictatorship
3833:Prenatal development table
3773:Irritant diaper dermatitis
2977:Journal of Social History.
2362:Children & Society. 14
2349:"A-Z of Children's Rights"
2186:Harvard Educational Review
2061:10.1177/089124387001001005
2037:New York: Routledge. p 43.
1926:
1920:
1909:
1903:
1879:Children's rights in Japan
1864:Children's rights in Chile
1678:
1538:
1464:
1458:
1409:. The 1927 publication of
1384:
1381:Children's rights movement
1378:
1216:
1112:
926:In a similar fashion, the
912:participate in communities
20:
5213:
5098:in the State of Palestine
5083:in the Dominican Republic
4663:during the Gaddafi regime
4600:
4545:
4538:
4517:
4497:
4466:
4438:
4427:
4399:
4343:
4317:
4281:
4235:
4152:Prenatal cocaine exposure
4109:
3940:Infant care and equipment
3939:
3857:Socialization and Culture
3856:
3768:Infant visual development
3720:
3635:Infant and toddler safety
3563:
3296:
2615:World Health Organization
2447:"General Comment No. 20".
1899:
1884:Children's rights in Mali
1874:Children's rights in Iran
1734:has ruled in the case of
1484:in 1923, endorsed by the
1259:Parental responsibilities
1089:(AAP) (1997), citing the
1040:Ownership over one's body
625:educational opportunities
4162:Parental child abduction
3685:Oral rehydration therapy
3335:Central African Republic
2449:HRI/GEN/1/Rev.4.: p. 108
2182:"Children Under the Law"
2011:The Policy Press. p. 117
1858:Global children's rights
1847:Parental rights movement
1740:that persons may not be
1395:The 1796 publication of
1195:military use of children
997:and abandoned children,
971:military use of children
47:Theoretical distinctions
21:Not to be confused with
16:Human rights of children
5221:History of human rights
4628:Enforced disappearances
4618:Crimes against humanity
4330:Parental responsibility
4167:Parental responsibility
3680:Newborn care and safety
2915:DeLamater, J.D. (2003)
2790:Prince v. Massachusetts
2477:10.1163/157181893X00368
1702:Equal Protection Clause
1423:A.S. Neill's 1915 book
1350:Supreme Court of Canada
1337:Prince v. Massachusetts
1036:right to make decisions
952:third generation rights
640:participants in society
5165:Incitement to genocide
4458:Universal jurisdiction
3911:Grandparent visitation
3193:Smile Foundation India
3116:, 393 U.S. 503 (1969).
3039:Arts, K, Popvoski, V,
2825:Is circumcision legal?
2792:, 321 U.S. 158 (1944).
1827:Ethics of circumcision
1369:
1352:ruled, in the case of
1344:ruled, in the case of
1308:rebuttable presumption
1289:emancipation of minors
1110:
963:juvenile incarceration
663:Sir William Blackstone
659:
590:
569:
447:the rights of children
286:Other groups of rights
5226:List of global issues
3670:Infant sleep training
3257:. Human Rights Watch.
3251:. Human Rights Watch.
3245:. Human Rights Watch.
3239:. Human Rights Watch.
3233:. Human Rights Watch.
3134:543 U. S. 551
2678:– via CrossRef.
2512:10.1542/peds.99.2.279
2224:Mangold, S.V. (2002)
1927:Further information:
1921:Further information:
1910:Further information:
1721:ruled in the case of
1679:Further information:
1459:Further information:
1364:
1225:youth rights movement
1115:Intersex human rights
1107:medical falsification
1104:
959:Amnesty International
916:programs and services
874:and services, and to
710:Children's rights law
657:
571:
564:
106:Rights by beneficiary
5108:in the United States
4883:in Jammu and Kashmir
4429:Fundamental concepts
4273:Right to family life
3828:Prenatal development
3728:Attachment parenting
3702:Shaken baby syndrome
3102:, 387 U.S. 1 (1967).
2525:reaffirmed May 2009.
2166:Franklin, B. (2001)
2049:Gender & Society
1996:"Children and youth"
1671:the general public.
1445:national sovereignty
1255:Right to family life
1075:prohibiting "cruel,
808:right to health care
714:juvenile delinquency
525:", "teenagers", or "
404:Water and sanitation
5093:in the Soviet Union
4993:in Papua New Guinea
4643:Human rights abuses
4601:Human rights abuses
4505:Corporal punishment
4268:Reproductive rights
4142:Infant ear piercing
3078:"Children's Rights"
2972:Mason, M.A. (2005)
2689:"Children's Rights"
2603:FACT SHEET Intersex
2267:, 29 November 2005.
1982:Bandman, B. (1999)
1949:"Children's Rights"
1823:Forced circumcision
1281:corporal punishment
1257:are connected with
1063:exploitation". The
1007:corporal punishment
902:evolving capacities
846:right to protection
815:sexual exploitation
681:The United Nations
474:, and freedom from
88:Civil and political
5088:in the Philippines
4613:Crime of apartheid
4335:Parental liability
4253:Matrimonial rights
3650:Infant food safety
3151:2021-10-03 at the
2947:2008-12-22 at the
2807:2005-05-03 at the
2695:Retrieved 2/23/08.
2589:The Trevor Project
2423:2014-02-11 at the
2292:. 16 December 1966
2263:2019-03-06 at the
2245:Harvard Law School
2180:Rodham, H (1973).
2136:. 10 December 1948
1954:2008-09-21 at the
1758:same-sex marriages
1622:child prostitution
1203:child prostitution
1111:
1022:Freedom of thought
983:Human Rights Watch
882:. These include a
862:Children have the
835:autonomous persons
820:right to education
731:sexual orientation
660:
570:
488:sexual orientation
5267:Children's rights
5254:
5253:
5236:Three generations
4596:
4595:
4513:
4512:
4359:
4358:
4248:Children's rights
4192:
4191:
4052:
3889:Children's rights
3803:Object permanence
3625:Failure to thrive
3522:
3521:
3053:978-90-6704-227-7
2890:Starr, RH (1975)
2465:Int'l J Child RTS
2459:Newell P (1993).
2322:978-0-300-17311-6
1675:United States law
1626:child pornography
1601:natural disasters
1515:the right to life
1486:League of Nations
1402:Rights of Infants
1334:, in the case of
1277:freedom of choice
1207:child pornography
1032:Freedom of choice
1027:Freedom from fear
1017:Freedom of speech
670:League of Nations
531:international law
443:Children's rights
440:
439:
98:Three generations
5274:
5008:in Punjab, India
4633:Forced migration
4543:
4542:
4436:
4435:
4431:and philosophies
4386:
4379:
4372:
4363:
4362:
4282:Rights movements
4219:
4212:
4205:
4196:
4195:
4048:
3733:Baby-led weaning
3549:
3542:
3535:
3526:
3525:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3262:
3261:
3179:
3157:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3128:Roper v. Simmons
3123:
3117:
3109:
3103:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2939:
2933:
2926:
2920:
2919:Springer. p 150.
2913:
2907:
2888:
2882:
2880:www.academia.edu
2876:
2870:
2869:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2837:E. (Mrs.) v. Eve
2834:
2828:
2823:Peter W. Adler.
2821:
2812:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2715:
2709:
2702:
2696:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2654:(9): e359–e365.
2648:Pediatric Annals
2639:
2633:
2632:
2611:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2585:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2537:
2526:
2524:
2514:
2496:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2456:
2450:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2428:
2414:
2408:
2399:
2393:
2384:
2378:
2371:
2365:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2339:(1–2). Springer.
2333:
2327:
2326:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2291:
2283:
2268:
2254:
2248:
2235:
2229:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2200:. Archived from
2177:
2171:
2170:Routledge. p 19.
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2135:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2106:
2095:
2086:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2044:
2038:
2031:
2025:
2018:
2012:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1986:Routledge. p 67.
1980:
1974:
1968:
1959:
1946:
1737:Roper v. Simmons
1706:US Supreme Court
1618:sale of children
1580:Rwanda Tribunals
1407:public education
1312:shared parenting
1199:sale of children
1171:gender dysphoria
1167:informed consent
991:juvenile justice
827:civil, political
588:
449:are a subset of
432:
425:
418:
379:Rest and leisure
42:
28:
27:
5282:
5281:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5209:
5038:in South Africa
5028:in Sierra Leone
5023:in Saudi Arabia
4753:in Burkina Faso
4708:in Azad Kashmir
4592:
4534:
4509:
4493:
4462:
4432:
4430:
4423:
4414:Intersex people
4395:
4390:
4360:
4355:
4339:
4313:
4299:Mothers' rights
4277:
4258:Mothers' rights
4231:
4223:
4193:
4188:
4182:Paternity fraud
4132:Closed adoption
4105:
4061:Infant clothing
4036:Haberman Feeder
4006:Car seat safety
3935:
3916:Infant swimming
3894:UN Child rights
3852:
3763:Gestational age
3716:
3559:
3553:
3523:
3518:
3292:
3289:
3211:
3198:"everychild.ca"
3168:
3165:
3160:
3153:Wayback Machine
3144:
3140:
3125:
3124:
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3110:
3106:
3096:
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3071:
3063:
3059:
3038:
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3020:
3016:
3007:
3005:
2999:
2995:
2987:
2983:
2971:
2967:
2959:
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2949:Wayback Machine
2940:
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2927:
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2889:
2885:
2877:
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2859:
2855:
2847:
2843:
2839:, 2 S.C.R. 388
2835:
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2800:
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2425:Wayback Machine
2416:UN (2012). 11.
2415:
2411:
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2116:
2109:
2103:Chapter Sixteen
2096:
2089:
2080:
2076:
2045:
2041:
2032:
2028:
2019:
2015:
2006:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1962:
1956:Wayback Machine
1947:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1860:
1805:
1770:
1691:
1677:
1664:
1642:
1605:armed conflicts
1592:
1543:
1537:
1502:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1435:
1426:A Dominie's Log
1393:
1383:
1377:
1324:
1251:Parents' rights
1248:
1221:
1215:
1191:
1121:
1113:Main articles:
1099:
1097:Intersex rights
1047:
1045:Physical rights
1003:street children
945:cultural rights
795:right to a name
763:
739:national origin
735:gender identity
704:Hillary Clinton
694:United Nations
652:
614:Louis Althusser
589:
585:Clarendon Press
578:
559:
496:national origin
492:gender identity
436:
309:Civil liberties
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5280:
5270:
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5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5058:in Switzerland
5055:
5050:
5045:
5043:in South Korea
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4978:in North Korea
4975:
4970:
4968:in New Zealand
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4913:in Kyrgyzstan‎
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4798:in El Salvador
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4723:in Balochistan
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4673:in Afghanistan
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4608:Atrocity crime
4604:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4593:
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4265:
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4255:
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4221:
4214:
4207:
4199:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4174:
4172:Parenting plan
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4113:
4111:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4056:Infant carrier
4053:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3996:Baby transport
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3954:
3949:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3936:
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3898:
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3715:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3660:Infant massage
3657:
3655:Infant formula
3652:
3647:
3645:Infant feeding
3642:
3640:Infant bathing
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3605:Bottle feeding
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3571:
3569:
3561:
3560:
3558:and their care
3552:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3529:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3515:United Kingdom
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
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3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
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3432:
3427:
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3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
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3387:
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3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3252:
3246:
3240:
3234:
3228:
3218:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3164:
3163:External links
3161:
3159:
3158:
3138:
3118:
3104:
3090:
3069:
3057:
3032:
3027:www.unicef.org
3014:
2993:
2981:
2965:
2953:
2934:
2921:
2908:
2883:
2871:
2853:
2841:
2829:
2813:
2794:
2782:
2767:
2755:
2753:(2) p 151–163.
2742:
2730:
2710:
2708:(4) p 479-498.
2697:
2681:
2634:
2627:
2606:
2595:
2572:
2554:
2527:
2505:(2): 279–281.
2482:
2451:
2438:
2429:
2409:
2394:
2379:
2366:
2353:
2341:
2337:Interchange. 8
2328:
2321:
2303:
2269:
2249:
2230:
2214:
2192:(4): 487–514.
2172:
2159:
2147:
2122:
2107:
2105:. (1765-1769).
2087:
2074:
2039:
2026:
2013:
2000:
1988:
1975:
1960:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1918:
1915:
1904:Main article:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1816:
1811:
1804:
1801:
1782:European Union
1778:United Nations
1769:
1766:
1676:
1673:
1663:
1660:
1641:
1638:
1591:
1588:
1547:United Nations
1539:Main article:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1501:
1498:
1490:United Nations
1482:Eglantyne Jebb
1465:Main article:
1456:
1453:
1449:states' rights
1434:
1431:
1417:Janusz Korczak
1379:Main article:
1376:
1373:
1323:
1320:
1316:best interests
1247:
1244:
1217:Main article:
1214:
1211:
1190:
1187:
1183:medicalization
1153:stigmatization
1098:
1095:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1029:
1024:
1019:
956:
955:
948:
924:
923:
908:Participation:
905:
891:
775:right to marry
762:
761:Classification
759:
651:
648:
633:minority group
602:social workers
576:
567:Merida, Mexico
558:
557:Justifications
555:
476:discrimination
467:human identity
438:
437:
435:
434:
427:
420:
412:
409:
408:
407:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
334:Free migration
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
288:
287:
283:
282:
281:
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275:
270:
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82:
81:
75:
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72:
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62:
57:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5279:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5212:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5128:in Uzbekistan
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
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5069:
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5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5018:in the Russia
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4898:in Kazakhstan
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4728:in Bangladesh
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4713:in Azerbaijan
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
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4669:
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4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
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4645:
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4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
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4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4579:South America
4577:
4575:
4573:
4572:North America
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4544:
4541:
4537:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:Organizations
4516:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4485:
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4477:
4475:
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4465:
4459:
4456:
4454:
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4434:
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4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4394:
4387:
4382:
4380:
4375:
4373:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4220:
4215:
4213:
4208:
4206:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4147:Open adoption
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4127:Child neglect
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
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4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
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4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4047:
4044:
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4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3961:Hidden camera
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3884:Child custody
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3798:Nursery rhyme
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3788:Kangaroo care
3786:
3784:
3783:Infant crying
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3697:Preterm birth
3695:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3590:Breastfeeding
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3550:
3545:
3543:
3538:
3536:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3286:
3281:
3279:
3274:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3142:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3114:
3108:
3101:
3100:
3094:
3079:
3073:
3066:
3061:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3018:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2985:
2978:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2938:
2931:
2925:
2918:
2912:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2850:
2845:
2838:
2833:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2798:
2791:
2786:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2764:
2759:
2752:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2719:Rightlines. 2
2714:
2707:
2706:Childhood. 13
2701:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2638:
2630:
2628:9789241564984
2624:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2599:
2591:
2590:
2582:
2576:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2547:
2545:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2442:
2433:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2413:
2406:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2370:
2364:(4) p 277-93.
2363:
2357:
2350:
2345:
2338:
2332:
2324:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2288:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2253:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2204:on 2019-08-19
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2163:
2156:
2151:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2114:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2097:Blackstone's
2094:
2092:
2084:
2078:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2055:(1): 85–109.
2054:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2030:
2023:
2017:
2010:
2004:
1997:
1992:
1985:
1979:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1930:
1924:
1913:
1907:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1564:United States
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1480:, drafted by
1479:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1397:Thomas Spence
1392:
1388:
1382:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1355:E (Mrs) v Eve
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1319:
1318:of children.
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1304:child custody
1301:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1285:child custody
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1269:child neglect
1266:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1243:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1155:, as well as
1154:
1150:
1149:mental stress
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1125:sexual traits
1120:
1116:
1108:
1103:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
975:death penalty
973:, ending the
972:
968:
964:
960:
953:
949:
946:
942:
941:right to work
938:
933:
932:
931:
929:
921:
917:
913:
909:
906:
903:
899:
895:
892:
889:
885:
884:balanced diet
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
858:
857:
856:
854:
849:
847:
843:
842:
836:
832:
828:
823:
821:
817:
816:
810:
809:
804:
800:
796:
792:
791:right to life
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
715:
711:
707:
705:
700:
698:
697:
691:
686:
684:
679:
677:
676:
671:
666:
664:
656:
647:
645:
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
621:child poverty
617:
615:
611:
610:youth workers
607:
603:
599:
595:
586:
582:
579:Jenny Kuper,
575:
568:
563:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
433:
428:
426:
421:
419:
414:
413:
411:
410:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
290:
289:
285:
284:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
195:
192:
191:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
111:
110:
109:
105:
104:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
85:
84:
83:
80:
77:
76:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
56:
53:
52:
51:
50:
46:
45:
41:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
24:
19:
5133:in Venezuela
5048:in Sri Lanka
4928:in Lithuania
4853:in Indonesia
4833:in Hong Kong
4828:in Guatemala
4698:in Australia
4688:in Argentina
4539:By continent
4467:Distinctions
4448:Positive law
4408:
4393:Human rights
4351:Human rights
4309:Grandparents
4263:Youth rights
4247:
4243:Fetal rights
4110:Other topics
4049:
4016:Cradle board
4011:Cloth diaper
3971:Baby shampoo
3957:Baby monitor
3947:Baby bouncer
3901:Circumcision
3888:
3748:Birth defect
3630:Immunization
3580:Birth weight
3475:Sierra Leone
3209:Bibliography
3173:
3141:
3136: (2005).
3126:
3121:
3111:
3107:
3098:
3093:
3081:. Retrieved
3072:
3060:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3026:
3017:
3006:. Retrieved
2996:
2984:
2976:
2968:
2961:
2956:
2937:
2929:
2924:
2916:
2911:
2891:
2886:
2874:
2865:
2856:
2844:
2832:
2797:
2785:
2774:
2770:
2758:
2750:
2745:
2738:
2733:
2718:
2713:
2705:
2700:
2692:
2684:
2651:
2647:
2637:
2618:
2609:
2598:
2587:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2543:
2502:
2498:
2485:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2441:
2432:
2412:
2402:
2397:
2388:
2382:
2377:(4). p. 327.
2374:
2369:
2361:
2356:
2344:
2336:
2331:
2312:
2306:
2294:. Retrieved
2252:
2238:
2233:
2206:. Retrieved
2202:the original
2189:
2185:
2175:
2167:
2162:
2150:
2138:. Retrieved
2125:
2101:, Book One,
2098:
2082:
2077:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2034:
2029:
2021:
2016:
2008:
2003:
1991:
1983:
1978:
1852:Red Hand Day
1789:human rights
1771:
1754:
1735:
1729:
1722:
1716:
1709:
1708:decision of
1695:
1692:
1668:ombudspeople
1665:
1662:National law
1643:
1620:and organs,
1614:child labour
1593:
1568:
1544:
1530:
1510:
1503:
1470:
1440:adultcentric
1436:
1424:
1422:
1410:
1400:
1394:
1370:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1345:
1335:
1329:
1325:
1293:
1263:
1249:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1219:Youth rights
1192:
1189:Other issues
1161:
1131:to a binary
1122:
1084:
1081:
1061:
1048:
1011:
987:child labour
957:
925:
907:
904:of children.
893:
859:
850:
845:
838:
824:
819:
812:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
767:human rights
764:
708:
701:
693:
692:adopted the
687:
680:
674:
672:adopted the
667:
661:
637:
629:child labour
618:
591:
572:
535:youth rights
516:
472:civil rights
451:human rights
446:
442:
441:
384:Self defense
374:Reproductive
123:
79:Human rights
23:Youth rights
18:
5180:Persecution
5148:in Zimbabwe
5073:in Thailand
4983:in Pakistan
4938:in Malaysia
4803:in Ethiopia
4763:in Cambodia
4743:in Botswana
4555:Middle East
4453:Sovereignty
4443:Natural law
4122:Babywearing
4117:Baby shower
4091:Swim diaper
3981:Baby walker
3966:Baby powder
3906:Foster care
3874:Child abuse
3869:Babysitting
3721:Development
3707:Soy formula
3585:Breast pump
3495:Switzerland
3485:South Sudan
3440:New Zealand
3099:In re Gault
3001:UN (2018).
2851:. 1 S.C.R.
2471:: 101–104.
1711:In re Gault
1640:Enforcement
1610:infanticide
1273:child abuse
1231:rights and
920:youth voice
894:Protection:
868:health care
844:and as the
841:empowerment
718:due process
523:adolescents
359:Development
299:Association
194:Transgender
5205:War crimes
5138:in Vietnam
5123:in Ukraine
5013:in Romania
4973:in Nigeria
4958:in Myanmar
4953:in Morocco
4943:in Manipur
4918:in Lebanon
4893:in Kashmir
4868:in Ireland
4823:in Germany
4758:in Burundi
4738:in Bolivia
4733:in Belarus
4718:in Bahrain
4703:in Austria
4693:in Armenia
4678:in Algeria
4325:Family law
4289:Children's
4101:Travel cot
4046:Infant bed
4041:High chair
4031:Baby wipes
4026:Diaper bag
3991:Baby swing
3879:Child care
3864:Attachment
3753:Childbirth
3615:Cradle cap
3566:Pediatrics
3400:Kazakhstan
3355:East Timor
3310:Azerbaijan
3083:18 October
3008:2018-02-14
2499:Pediatrics
2296:16 October
2208:2015-10-18
2140:16 October
2035:Childhood.
1934:References
1768:German law
1612:, harmful
1582:, and the
1576:Yugoslavia
1433:Opposition
1385:See also:
1314:is in the
1229:children's
880:recreation
860:Provision:
818:, and the
785:, and the
747:disability
623:, lack of
504:disability
349:Linguistic
324:Fair trial
206:Minorities
174:Indigenous
5118:in Uganda
5113:in Turkey
5068:in Taiwan
5003:in Poland
4988:in Panama
4948:in Mexico
4933:in Malawi
4908:in Kuwait
4873:in Israel
4808:in France
4768:in Canada
4748:in Brazil
4683:in Angola
4177:Paternity
4086:Swaddling
3952:Baby gate
3931:Wet nurse
3921:Milk bank
3813:Parenting
3738:Baby talk
3690:Pedialyte
3620:Esotropia
3575:Baby food
3410:Lithuania
3305:Argentina
2676:237572670
2069:145674085
1157:isolation
914:and have
888:schooling
872:education
839:right of
755:ethnicity
512:ethnicity
394:Sexuality
319:Education
243:Prisoners
134:Creditors
129:Consumers
5261:Category
5143:in Yemen
5063:in Syria
5053:in Sudan
5033:in Sindh
4963:in Nepal
4923:in Libya
4903:in Kenya
4888:in Japan
4878:in Italy
4848:in India
4843:in Haiti
4838:in Egypt
4818:in Ghana
4813:in Gabon
4793:in Egypt
4783:in China
4773:in Chile
4638:Genocide
4409:Children
4318:See also
4304:Parents'
4294:Fathers'
4236:Elements
4137:Cry room
4076:Stroller
4066:Pacifier
4001:Bassinet
3976:Baby toy
3838:Teething
3818:Peekaboo
3758:Crawling
3743:Babbling
3564:Health (
3490:Suriname
3460:Portugal
3455:Paraguay
3425:Mongolia
3415:Malaysia
3365:Ethiopia
3360:Eswatini
3345:Colombia
3149:Archived
2945:Archived
2904:ED121416
2866:Facebook
2805:Archived
2726:ED428855
2668:34542337
2617:(2015).
2567:isna.org
2421:Archived
2261:Archived
2256:UNICEF,
1952:Archived
1803:See also
1742:executed
1375:Movement
1240:suffrage
1175:InterACT
1056:intersex
1034:and the
999:refugees
965:without
743:religion
644:all ages
606:teachers
577:—
551:morality
547:religion
543:politics
500:religion
459:majority
364:Property
354:Movement
294:Assembly
258:Students
233:Peasants
228:Patients
179:Intersex
144:Disabled
124:Children
5214:Related
5200:Victims
5195:Torture
5190:Slavery
4998:in Peru
4863:in Iraq
4858:in Iran
4788:in Cuba
4584:Oceania
4498:Aspects
4344:Related
4096:Teether
4071:Playpen
3848:Weaning
3843:Walking
3556:Infants
3505:Tunisia
3480:Somalia
3465:Romania
3435:Namibia
3430:Myanmar
3405:Liberia
3375:Finland
3325:Bolivia
3315:Bahrain
3300:Algeria
3043:(2006)
2979:Summer.
2592:. 2021.
2521:9024462
1797:torture
1549:' 1989
1300:divorce
1265:Parents
995:orphans
598:parents
583:(1997,
463:parents
344:Housing
314:Digital
273:Workers
263:Victims
221:Mothers
216:Fathers
211:Parents
164:Fetuses
159:Farmers
119:Animals
114:Accused
5175:Murder
4567:Europe
4550:Africa
4404:Humans
4229:rights
4226:Family
4021:Diaper
3808:Parent
3793:Mother
3510:Tuvalu
3470:Russia
3445:Norway
3330:Brazil
3132:,
3051:
3041:et al.
2902:
2724:
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2666:
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2067:
1900:Issues
1825:, and
1793:German
1786:UNICEF
1700:. The
1687:, and
1574:, the
1559:ratify
1151:, and
1137:gender
967:parole
939:, the
937:health
811:, the
805:, the
801:, the
797:, the
793:, the
769:under
727:gender
627:, and
594:minors
549:, and
484:gender
399:Speech
369:Repair
339:Health
304:Asylum
253:States
248:Robots
238:Plants
169:Humans
154:Family
149:Elders
32:Rights
4419:Women
3926:Nanny
3610:Colic
3395:Japan
3390:Italy
3380:Haiti
3340:Chile
3320:Benin
3156:2011.
2672:S2CID
2584:(PDF)
2549:(PDF)
2495:(PDF)
2290:(PDF)
2134:(PDF)
2065:S2CID
1310:that
1234:youth
898:abuse
751:color
529:" in
527:youth
519:abuse
508:color
278:Youth
268:Women
184:Kings
5185:Rape
4560:Asia
3823:Play
3712:SIDS
3500:Togo
3450:Oman
3420:Mali
3385:Iran
3085:2015
3049:ISBN
2900:ERIC
2722:ERIC
2664:PMID
2623:ISBN
2517:PMID
2317:ISBN
2298:2015
2142:2015
1784:and
1760:and
1730:The
1717:The
1632:and
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1594:The
1578:and
1545:The
1471:The
1389:and
1302:and
1283:and
1253:and
1205:and
1177:and
1145:ISNA
1117:and
1005:and
878:and
876:play
723:race
688:The
668:The
480:race
329:Food
189:LGBT
139:Deaf
3986:Bib
2656:doi
2507:doi
2473:doi
2194:doi
2057:doi
1819:FGM
1415:by
1399:'s
1298:in
1133:sex
592:As
539:law
445:or
201:Men
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