2060:
934:
regardless of the economic situation in the country or resource scarcity, are required to ensure respect for minimum subsistence rights for all. State parties must also ensure that available resources are accessed and used equitably. Therefore, government decisions on how to allocate resources should be subject to scrutiny. Legislative measures alone are not sufficient to ensure compliance with the ICESCR and state parties are expected to provide judicial remedies in addition to taking administrative, financial, educational and social measures.
549:
953:. International enforcement mechanisms are strongest for civil and political rights, and their violation is considered more serious than that of economic, social and cultural rights. There are few international NGOs that focus on economic, social and cultural rights and there are few lawyers who have the knowledge or experience to defend economic, social and cultural rights at a national or international level. Economic, social and cultural rights are less likely than civil and political rights to be protected in national constitutions.
1102:
852:, not rights. Sweden, Finland, and Denmark, for example, adhere to a comparatively robust welfare effort, built primarily through social democratic parties and trade union mobilisation, without relying on judicial review of socio-economic rights. Nonetheless, majoritarian political arenas such as parliaments and trade union structures may remain unresponsive to minorities. The gains won through litigation, modest though they may be, can nonetheless be of value for those who benefit from them.
968:
monitoring, with the networks of UNESCO National
Commissions and academic partners mobilized in countries to ensure implementation and monitoring at country level. For the other major international human rights conventions mentioned above there are various other treaty bodies to ensure some monitoring of implementation. And each may transmit to the Human Rights Council reports of individual cases when a state is the subject of a Universal Periodic Review.
45:
1851:
949:(NGOs) have persistently neglected economic, social and cultural rights over the past 50 years. While all human rights are said to be "equal, indivisible, interrelated, and interdependent", the monitoring, enforcement and implementation framework for economic, social and cultural rights is less advanced than that for
928:
State parties to the ICESCR are required to take "progressive action" towards fulfilment of the ICESR rights. While immediate fulfilment may not be possible due to the economic situation of a country, postponement of proactive action is not permitted. State parties must show genuine efforts to secure
774:(ICESCR). The Committee has been central in developing the normative definition of key economic, social and cultural rights, interpreting the role of State Parties to the ICESCR, and monitoring protection and violation of the ICESCR rights. The Committee issues guiding pronouncements in the form of
1648:
Hirschl, Ran and Evan
Rosevear, 'Constitutional Law Meets Comparative Politics: Socio-economic Rights and Political Realities' in Tom Campbell, K. D. Ewing, and Adam Tomkins (eds.), 2011, The Legal Protection of Human Rights: Sceptical Essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 207–28, pp. 213,
933:
in relation to economic, social and cultural rights is regarded as having immediate effect. State parties must abolish laws, policies and practices which affect the equal enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights and take action to prevent discrimination in public life. All state parties,
912:
Economic, social and cultural right enshrined in international and regional human rights instruments are legally binding. Member states have a legal obligation to respect, protect and fulfil these rights. The exact nature of states' obligations in this respect has been established principally in
967:
In 2017, for the common global standards in the
Recommendation on Science and Scientific Researchers relating to the right to science, states agreed at the UNESCO General Conference to adopt four-yearly reporting on implementation, and agreed that UNESCO's Executive Board is competent to manage
698:(ILO) protect a range of work related economic, social and cultural rights. Common global standards were agreed by some 195 states in the Recommendation on Science and Scientific protect and reassert scientific freedoms, the rights of scientists, and rights of
1221:. Currently, human rights advocacy groups are working diligently to fine-tune rules, regulations and implementation schemes; little news of complaint successes or failures is available. The Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (
798:
and its sub-commissions, key rapporteurs include the
Special Rapporteur on the Realization of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Adequate Housing, the Special Rapporteur on the Right to
1218:
957:
918:
1093:
on states when they make decisions regarding education and the education system. It offers an internationally agreed normative framework for the standards that states must not fall beneath concerning the education of its
1031:
It is a right; Education is not a privilege or subject to political or charitable whims. It is a human right. It places mandatory demands on duty-bearers (particularly the state, but also parents, children, and other
163:
781:
Other important secondary legal sources on economic, social and cultural rights are the
Limburg Principles on the Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1987 and the
855:
Civil society movements have advanced alternative institutions, norms and practices for constitution-making and making socio-economic rights effective. Participants in recent constitution-making experiments in
1113:
of the individual. The right to education is broad and covers many aspects of education. This means that for the specific areas related to education, states must act within the boundaries permitted under
836:
them, and hence disrupt the democratic chains of accountability of the so-called elected branches. Nonetheless, a growing literature from the Global South has tracked very different judicial responses.
783:
1006:
687:
513:
964:
competence to receive and consider communications from individuals claiming that their rights under the
Covenant have been violated by a state party. The Protocol entered into force on 5 May 2013.
1217:
are working to create online resources and spread information about effective cases, initiatives, and working groups promoting ideals and celebrating victories of human rights initiatives and the
2872:
1658:
Whyte, 2014, 'The
Efficacy of Public Interest Litigation in Ireland' in Maluwa, Tiyanjana (ed.), Law, Politics and Human Rights: Essays in Memory of Kader Asmal. Leiden: Brill, pp. 252–86.
2792:
683:
521:
1273:
are "rights to the meeting of basic needs that are essential for human welfare." Examples of social rights include the right to healthcare and the right to decent working conditions.
1226:
840:
Sympathetic critics argue that socio-economic rights appear 'quite negligible' factors in terms of ensuring overall human development. Contemporary welfare states tend to emphasize
786:
1997. The
Limburg Principles have been extensively used in national legal systems as an interpretive tool for establishing violations of economic, social and cultural rights. The
767:
766:
A range of secondary legal sources exist on economic, social and cultural rights which provide guidance on their normative definition. An important secondary legal source is the
2286:
999:
914:
771:
604:
517:
505:
1965:“Campaign for the Ratification and Implementation of the Optional Protocol to the ICESCR-Justice NOW! Ratify to protect all Human Rights.” ESCR-Net Newsletter December (2009)
790:
Guidelines build on the
Limburg Principles and identify the legal implications of acts and omissions which are violations of economic, social and cultural rights. Various
929:
the economic, social and cultural rights enshrined in the ICESCR. The burden of proof for progressive action is considered on be with the state party. The prohibition on
2367:
2382:
2372:
2298:
904:
individuals and communities can mobilise both alongside and outside of traditional institutions, act collectively, and advance economic, social and cultural rights.
2817:
2812:
2797:
2362:
525:
644:
237:
2492:
1669:
2993:
832:
Constitutional recognition of economic, social and cultural rights has long been thought to be counterproductive, given that courts might be tasked to
2960:
2822:
2377:
961:
647:, adopted at the same time as the ICESCR, recognizes and protects a number of core economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to join
2807:
2707:
2802:
711:
2867:
992:
1990:
Karel Vasak, "Human Rights: A Thirty-Year
Struggle: the Sustained Efforts to give Force of law to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights",
1176:
Educational freedom, that is, the freedom of parents to have their children educated in accordance with their religious and moral convictions.
2752:
2742:
2737:
2467:
1918:
2772:
2757:
2692:
2682:
2512:
2387:
666:
recognizes and protects many of the economic, social and cultural rights recognized in the ICESCR in relation to children. Including the
662:
A number of other major international human rights instruments contain provisions relating to economic, social and cultural rights. The
2842:
2627:
2612:
2442:
2427:
1702:
1214:
922:
686:
prohibits discrimination on the basis of racial or ethnic origin in relation to a number of economic, social and cultural rights. The
524:
prohibits discrimination on the basis of racial or ethnic origin in relation to a number of economic, social and cultural rights. The
3340:
2847:
2762:
2642:
2567:
2547:
2542:
2412:
607:(ICESCR) is the primary international legal source of economic, social and cultural rights. The Covenant recognized and protects the
746:, including the right to medical assistance and the right to social welfare services, in Article 12 to 14, protection of especially
3012:
What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights
2862:
2787:
2697:
2652:
2597:
2517:
2477:
2457:
640:
597:
252:
3245:
2914:
2884:
2852:
2837:
2727:
2687:
2672:
2667:
2632:
2582:
2537:
2472:
2452:
2447:
2432:
2417:
2407:
2402:
2392:
620:
589:
470:
3046:
2986:
2832:
2827:
2782:
2732:
2717:
2702:
2662:
2647:
2622:
2587:
2522:
2482:
2462:
2397:
2337:
2098:
1515:
1270:
27:
1868:
2955:
2857:
2777:
2767:
2677:
2637:
2617:
2602:
2592:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2532:
2527:
2507:
2497:
2487:
1979:
1842:
1777:
1726:
1687:
1580:
1550:
1499:
1467:
1013:
663:
569:
509:
501:
1767:
1716:
1570:
1540:
1489:
1457:
2722:
2712:
2577:
2572:
2502:
3373:
3325:
3096:
2422:
1303:
408:
193:
2437:
2239:
1605:
816:
791:
619:
in Article 9, the right to protection of the family, including protection for mothers and children, in Article 10, the
2979:
2950:
2244:
1630:
1368:
1242:
829:
cases). The Supreme Court of India has interpreted Article 21 of the Constitution to contain positive social rights.
695:
102:
434:
2269:
2198:
2188:
942:
778:, and other human rights treaty bodies may also issue comments relevant to economic, social and cultural rights.
69:
59:
3378:
3275:
3031:
2657:
2607:
1115:
946:
2293:
1318:
3315:
2747:
2357:
2203:
1338:
1323:
1262:
812:
482:
74:
1182:
quality education, including setting minimum standards regarding infrastructure and human rights education
3141:
3051:
2945:
2193:
811:
A number of national constitutions recognize economic, social and cultural rights. For example, the 1996
576:
in 1948, is one of the most important sources of economic, social and cultural rights. It recognizes the
220:
215:
64:
758:
protects a range of economic, social and cultural rights within the Inter-American human rights system.
3018:
2091:
1246:
950:
795:
148:
92:
3363:
3305:
877:
825:
383:
2041:
794:
have influenced the normative development of economic, social and cultural rights. Appointed by the
3320:
3285:
3230:
3116:
1283:
755:
743:
671:
616:
577:
537:
3026:
2935:
2332:
1742:
1353:
869:
727:
2059:
508:(ICESCR) is the primary international legal source of economic, social and cultural rights. The
3056:
3041:
2879:
2342:
2281:
2264:
2172:
1942:
1308:
303:
2020:
493:
to respect, protect and fulfil economic, social and cultural rights and are expected to take "
3368:
3176:
3166:
3131:
2940:
2128:
2084:
2028:
1373:
1254:
1160:
Fundamental education for those who have not received all or part of their primary education.
388:
328:
188:
183:
118:
1671:
Contesting Economic and Social Rights in Ireland: Constitution, State and Society, 1848–2016
1424:
1399:
3295:
3255:
3136:
2274:
2123:
1186:
1147:
747:
516:
recognises and protects many of the economic, social and cultural rights recognised in the
427:
363:
247:
158:
143:
138:
128:
659:
to engage in their culture, practice their religion and use their language in Article 27.
8:
3345:
3066:
3061:
3036:
2219:
893:
885:
573:
378:
358:
298:
232:
133:
1069:
It is a key right; Education is instrumental in ensuring all other human rights. It has
3383:
3260:
3186:
3081:
2327:
1343:
1328:
1219:
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
1154:
1133:
1021:
958:
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
919:
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
901:
723:
675:
636:
593:
478:
462:
398:
393:
323:
267:
225:
198:
1855:
1245:, economic, social and cultural rights are considered second-generation rights, while
3290:
3250:
3203:
3151:
3076:
2133:
2068:
2016:
1975:
1838:
1832:
1793:
1773:
1722:
1683:
1626:
1601:
1576:
1546:
1495:
1463:
1363:
1298:
1288:
1250:
1140:
868:
have all linked economic and social rights to new institutional arrangements such as
841:
403:
368:
353:
272:
257:
205:
178:
3280:
3196:
3161:
2347:
1794:"Records of the 39th UNESCO General Conference, Resolutions, at 39 C/resolution 85"
1675:
873:
751:
628:
611:
and to just and favorable working conditions in Article 6 and 7, the right to join
585:
489:
in international and regional human rights instruments. Member states have a legal
466:
348:
20:
1109:
These standards define what states must do and avoid doing in order to ensure the
548:
3404:
3358:
3310:
3270:
3171:
3121:
1623:
Social Rights Jurisprudence, Emerging Trends in International and Comparative Law
1333:
1293:
1266:
739:
719:
691:
667:
632:
474:
420:
373:
343:
313:
308:
210:
1894:
3300:
3225:
3181:
2322:
1674:. Cambridge Studies in Law and Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1378:
1348:
1313:
1101:
1036:
930:
897:
656:
529:
455:
338:
318:
262:
674:
in Article 25, the right to an adequate standard of living in Article 27, the
3398:
3330:
3265:
3146:
1679:
1358:
1258:
731:
730:
protects a wide range of economic, social and cultural rights, including the
715:
639:
in Article 13, as well as the right to participate in cultural life and the
624:
608:
581:
333:
123:
3240:
3235:
3126:
3003:
2971:
2162:
2118:
2107:
2064:
2012:
1895:"Refworld | International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights"
1146:
Available and accessible, free education at the secondary level, including
1056:
980:
833:
784:
Maastricht Guidelines on Violations of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
735:
679:
678:
in Article 28, and the right to protection from economic exploitation (see
652:
648:
612:
458:
282:
277:
242:
173:
168:
153:
83:
1007:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
688:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
514:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
3106:
2894:
2167:
2157:
1598:
The Future of Economic and Social Rights (Globalization and Human Rights)
1238:
1095:
1044:
849:
845:
1974:
K. Hassine, Regularizing Property Rights in Kosovo and Elsewhere, 2010,
3111:
1198:
1179:
The freedom of individuals and organizations to set-up private schools.
1090:
1063:
937:
787:
557:
533:
490:
486:
690:
affirms a range of economic, social and cultural rights to women. The
543:
3091:
2919:
1122:
976:
800:
560:
in a number of international and regional human rights instruments.
540:
relating to full enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights.
504:
recognises a number of economic, social and cultural rights and the
3353:
3191:
2352:
1082:
1070:
699:
684:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
522:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
2073:, 276, UNESCO, Right to Education Initiative (UK), UNESCO. UNESCO.
44:
3156:
3101:
3086:
3071:
2909:
2904:
1996:
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
1854:
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a
1170:
1110:
1078:
889:
881:
876:
as well as to new norms and discourses, notably those concerning
865:
861:
857:
1850:
768:
United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
2889:
2076:
1995:
1074:
1062:
It is high priority; Education is a key priority of the state.
984:
36:
1027:
Education as a human right has the following characteristics:
1000:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
915:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
772:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
605:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
506:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
1222:
1153:
Accessible (on the basis of capacity), free education at the
1052:
1048:
1040:
1035:
It is universal; Everyone has the right to education without
1024:
places the individual at the centre of education frameworks.
738:
and to take collective labour action in Article 1 to 10, the
1769:
Economic, social and cultural rights: a legal resource guide
1718:
Economic, social and cultural rights: a legal resource guide
1572:
Economic, social and cultural rights: a legal resource guide
1542:
Economic, social and cultural rights: a legal resource guide
1491:
Economic, social and cultural rights: a legal resource guide
1459:
Economic, social and cultural rights: a legal resource guide
2899:
485:. Economic, social and cultural rights are recognised and
19:"Economic rights" redirects here. Not to be confused with
956:
In 2008, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the
563:
2067:
work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Text taken from
1261:, are considered first-generation rights. The theory of
803:, and the Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women.
556:
Economic, social and cultural rights are recognized and
1869:"UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education"
1721:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. xvi–xvii.
26:"Social rights" redirects here. For another sense, see
1516:"Recommendation on Science and Scientific Researchers"
815:
includes economic, social and cultural rights and the
734:, to favourable working conditions, the right to join
1765:
1714:
1568:
1545:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. xv–xvi.
1538:
1487:
1455:
1066:
to ensure the right to education cannot be dismissed.
526:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
938:
Monitoring, enforcement and implementation framework
705:
645:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1772:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. xiii.
615:and take collective labor action in Article 8, the
544:
International and regional human rights instruments
3364:Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation
2873:of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)
1575:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. xvi.
1462:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. xiv.
2961:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
1856:Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)
1494:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. xv.
1163:Maintenance of an education system at all levels.
962:Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
3396:
1893:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for.
702:subjects, and the right of everyone to science.
1943:"OHCHR | Convention on the Rights of the Child"
1265:considers economic, social and cultural rights
1204:Transparent and accountable education systems.
993:Convention against Discrimination in Education
819:has heard claims under these obligations (see
770:which is overseeing the implementation of the
750:are enshrined in Article 15 to 17 and 19, and
2987:
2092:
1173:, their status, and their working conditions.
971:
428:
3001:
2063: This article incorporates text from a
1743:"Convention on the Rights of the Child text"
712:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
3032:Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention
2010:
1194:academic freedom at all levels of education
2994:
2980:
2099:
2085:
1703:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
923:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
761:
435:
421:
900:' campaigns have demonstrated how highly
806:
1620:
1100:
921:has been established in accordance with
641:right to benefits of science and culture
598:right to benefits of science and culture
547:
3246:Right to an adequate standard of living
2793:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1766:Leckie, Scott; Gallanger, Anne (2006).
1715:Leckie, Scott; Gallanger, Anne (2006).
1569:Leckie, Scott; Gallanger, Anne (2006).
1564:
1562:
1539:Leckie, Scott; Gallanger, Anne (2006).
1488:Leckie, Scott; Gallanger, Anne (2006).
1456:Leckie, Scott; Gallanger, Anne (2006).
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1400:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
907:
621:right to an adequate standard of living
590:right to an adequate standard of living
520:in relation to children and women. The
471:right to an adequate standard of living
3397:
3047:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
2885:List of human rights abuses by country
2373:during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017)
2338:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
2006:
2004:
1667:
1483:
1481:
1479:
564:International human rights instruments
28:Social rights (social contract theory)
2975:
2956:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
2080:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1644:
1642:
1595:
1014:Convention on the Rights of the Child
664:Convention on the Rights of the Child
570:Universal Declaration on Human Rights
510:Convention on the Rights of the Child
502:Universal Declaration on Human Rights
2011:Mantouvalou, Virginia (2010-04-12).
1892:
1559:
1442:
1191:the allocation of adequate resources
1089:The right to education places legal
448:Economic, social and cultural rights
2070:Right to education handbook
2001:
1476:
1304:Human right to water and sanitation
1232:
13:
2383:during the Libyan civil war (2011)
2245:National human rights institutions
2240:List of human rights organisations
1919:"United Nations Treaty Collection"
1812:
1639:
817:South African Constitutional Court
792:United Nations Special Rapporteurs
14:
3416:
3167:Right to refuse medical treatment
1596:Young, Katharine G., ed. (2019).
1369:Three generations of human rights
1243:three generations of human rights
1197:the settings and contents of the
1166:Provision of a fellowship system.
706:Regional human rights instruments
696:International Labour Organization
2368:at Guantánamo Bay detention camp
2106:
2058:
1849:
1227:Housing and Property Directorate
892:, social movements such as the '
651:in Article 22, and the right of
43:
2493:in Chile under Augusto Pinochet
2199:Natural rights and legal rights
2189:Claim rights and liberty rights
1984:
1968:
1959:
1935:
1911:
1886:
1861:
1786:
1759:
1735:
1708:
1696:
1661:
1652:
1621:Langford, Malcolm, ed. (2009).
1105:Education as a multiplier right
943:Intergovernmental organisations
552:Women's economic rights in 2011
70:Natural rights and legal rights
60:Claim rights and liberty rights
3379:Sexual and reproductive health
3276:Right to a healthy environment
2363:against Palestinians by Israel
1625:. Cambridge University Press.
1614:
1600:. Cambridge University Press.
1589:
1532:
1508:
1417:
1392:
1225:) has helped to establish the
1139:Free and compulsory universal
1116:international human rights law
947:non-governmental organisations
1:
3296:Right to public participation
1385:
1319:International labour standard
98:Economic, social and cultural
3316:Right to science and culture
2204:Negative and positive rights
2013:"The Case for Social Rights"
1339:Rule according to higher law
1324:Millennium Development Goals
1263:negative and positive rights
872:or technologically-enhanced
813:Constitution of South Africa
497:" towards their fulfilment.
483:right to science and culture
394:Self-determination of people
75:Negative and positive rights
7:
3142:Right to keep and bear arms
3052:Freedom from discrimination
2946:List of human rights awards
2818:in the United Arab Emirates
2194:Individual and group rights
1834:Right to education handbook
1276:
1208:
65:Individual and group rights
16:Socio-economic human rights
10:
3421:
2868:of the Marcos dictatorship
2052:
1247:civil and political rights
1213:Networking groups such as
972:Education as a human right
951:civil and political rights
796:Commission on Human Rights
655:, religious or linguistic
25:
18:
3339:
3306:Right to rest and leisure
3212:
3017:
3010:
2928:
2813:in the State of Palestine
2798:in the Dominican Republic
2378:during the Gaddafi regime
2315:
2260:
2253:
2232:
2212:
2181:
2153:
2142:
2114:
1425:"Women's Economic Rights"
826:Treatment Action Campaign
586:right to rest and leisure
536:including refusal of the
3321:Right to social security
3286:Right to Internet access
3231:Equal pay for equal work
3117:Presumption of innocence
1680:10.1017/cbo9781316652862
1284:Constitutional economics
1136:in the education system.
756:Protocol of San Salvador
744:right to social security
672:right to social security
617:right to social security
578:right to social security
538:reasonable accommodation
52:Theoretical distinctions
3197:right to be a candidate
3027:Equality before the law
2936:History of human rights
2343:Enforced disappearances
2333:Crimes against humanity
1668:Murray, Thomas (2016).
1354:Social protection floor
1132:Non-discrimination and
870:participatory budgeting
762:Secondary legal sources
728:European Social Charter
722:in Article 16, and the
596:in Article 26, and the
572:(UDHR), adopted by the
3057:Freedom of information
3042:Freedom of association
2880:Incitement to genocide
2173:Universal jurisdiction
2036:Cite journal requires
1705:, Part II paragraph 75
1309:Human rights inflation
1229:(HPD/HPCC) in Kosovo.
1129:The aims of education.
1106:
917:(ICESCR), and further
878:ecological stewardship
807:National constitutions
553:
291:Other groups of rights
3369:Intersex human rights
3177:Right of self-defense
3132:Right to a fair trial
2941:List of global issues
1374:Universal health care
1255:right to a fair trial
1187:learning environments
1185:safe and non-violent
1104:
983:in many human rights
682:) in Article 32. The
631:, in Article 11, the
551:
111:Rights by beneficiary
3256:Right to development
3137:Right to family life
3087:Freedom from torture
3072:Freedom from slavery
2823:in the United States
2598:in Jammu and Kashmir
2144:Fundamental concepts
1148:vocational education
1121:The main aspects of
908:State responsibility
884:as well as care and
532:on the basis of the
409:Water and sanitation
3067:Freedom of religion
3062:Freedom of movement
3037:Freedom of assembly
3019:Civil and political
2808:in the Soviet Union
2708:in Papua New Guinea
2358:Human rights abuses
2316:Human rights abuses
2220:Corporal punishment
979:is guaranteed as a
886:social reproduction
754:in Article 31. The
742:in Article 11, the
726:in Article 17. The
718:in Article 15, the
670:in Article 24, the
643:in Article 15. The
635:in Article 12, the
592:in Article 25, the
588:in Article 24, the
584:in Article 23, the
580:in Article 22, the
574:UN General Assembly
528:also prohibits all
93:Civil and political
3384:Right to sexuality
3261:Right to education
3187:Security of person
3082:Freedom of thought
2803:in the Philippines
2328:Crime of apartheid
1873:Equal Rights Trust
1344:Security of person
1329:Right to education
1107:
1098:and non-citizens.
1022:right to education
960:, which gives the
724:right to education
676:right to education
637:right to education
594:right to education
554:
495:progressive action
463:right to education
3392:
3391:
3291:Right to property
3251:Right to clothing
3236:Fair remuneration
3204:Right to homeland
3152:Right to petition
3077:Freedom of speech
2969:
2968:
2951:Three generations
2311:
2310:
2228:
2227:
2015:. Rochester, NY.
1980:978-3-86553-340-1
1844:978-92-3-100305-9
1779:978-0-8122-3916-4
1728:978-0-8122-3916-4
1689:978-1-107-15535-0
1582:978-0-8122-3916-4
1552:978-0-8122-3916-4
1520:portal.unesco.org
1501:978-0-8122-3916-4
1469:978-0-8122-3916-4
1429:Our World in Data
1364:Social safety net
1299:Economic security
1289:Constitutionalism
1251:freedom of speech
1141:primary education
842:decommodification
748:vulnerable groups
445:
444:
103:Three generations
3412:
3281:Right to housing
3215:Economic, social
3162:Right to protest
3157:Right to privacy
2996:
2989:
2982:
2973:
2972:
2723:in Punjab, India
2348:Forced migration
2258:
2257:
2151:
2150:
2146:and philosophies
2101:
2094:
2087:
2078:
2077:
2062:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2024:
2008:
1999:
1998:, November 1977.
1988:
1982:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1848:
1837:. UNESCO. 2019.
1829:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1650:
1646:
1637:
1636:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1566:
1557:
1556:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1485:
1474:
1473:
1453:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1396:
1233:Theory of rights
1169:The training of
1039:. This includes
913:relation to the
874:direct democracy
776:general comments
752:right to housing
629:right to housing
623:, including the
467:right to housing
437:
430:
423:
384:Rest and leisure
47:
33:
32:
21:Economic freedom
3420:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3359:Family planning
3344:
3335:
3311:Right of return
3271:Right to health
3219:
3216:
3208:
3172:Right to resist
3122:Right of asylum
3013:
3006:
3000:
2970:
2965:
2924:
2753:in South Africa
2743:in Sierra Leone
2738:in Saudi Arabia
2468:in Burkina Faso
2423:in Azad Kashmir
2307:
2249:
2224:
2208:
2177:
2147:
2145:
2138:
2129:Intersex people
2110:
2105:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2037:
2035:
2026:
2025:
2009:
2002:
1989:
1985:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1951:
1949:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1927:
1925:
1923:treaties.un.org
1917:
1916:
1912:
1903:
1901:
1891:
1887:
1878:
1876:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1845:
1831:
1830:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1764:
1760:
1751:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1713:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1690:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1537:
1533:
1524:
1522:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1486:
1477:
1470:
1454:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1409:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1334:Right to health
1294:Cultural rights
1279:
1267:positive rights
1235:
1211:
1002:(1966, ICESCR).
974:
940:
910:
846:general welfare
809:
764:
740:right to health
720:right to health
708:
692:ILO Conventions
668:right to health
633:right to health
600:in Article 27.
566:
546:
479:victims' rights
475:right to health
441:
314:Civil liberties
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3418:
3408:
3407:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3326:Right to water
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3301:Right of reply
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3226:Digital rights
3222:
3220:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3189:
3184:
3182:Right to truth
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3007:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2976:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2773:in Switzerland
2770:
2765:
2760:
2758:in South Korea
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2693:in North Korea
2690:
2685:
2683:in New Zealand
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2628:in Kyrgyzstan‎
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2513:in El Salvador
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2438:in Balochistan
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2388:in Afghanistan
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2323:Atrocity crime
2319:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2038:|journal=
2000:
1994:30:11, Paris:
1992:UNESCO Courier
1983:
1967:
1958:
1934:
1910:
1885:
1860:
1843:
1811:
1785:
1778:
1758:
1747:www.unicef.org
1734:
1727:
1707:
1695:
1688:
1660:
1651:
1638:
1631:
1613:
1607:978-1108418133
1606:
1588:
1581:
1558:
1551:
1531:
1507:
1500:
1475:
1468:
1441:
1416:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1379:Welfare rights
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1349:Social pension
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1314:Human security
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1234:
1231:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:tertiary level
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1087:
1086:
1067:
1060:
1037:discrimination
1033:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1009:(1979, CEDAW).
1003:
996:
973:
970:
939:
936:
931:discrimination
909:
906:
898:Repeal the 8th
808:
805:
763:
760:
707:
704:
565:
562:
545:
542:
530:discrimination
461:, such as the
456:socio-economic
443:
442:
440:
439:
432:
425:
417:
414:
413:
412:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
339:Free migration
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
293:
292:
288:
287:
286:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
229:
228:
223:
213:
208:
203:
202:
201:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
113:
112:
108:
107:
106:
105:
100:
95:
87:
86:
80:
79:
78:
77:
72:
67:
62:
54:
53:
49:
48:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3417:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3331:Right to work
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3266:Right to food
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3211:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3147:Right to life
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3009:
3005:
2997:
2992:
2990:
2985:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2843:in Uzbekistan
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2733:in the Russia
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2613:in Kazakhstan
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2443:in Bangladesh
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2428:in Azerbaijan
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:South America
2292:
2290:
2288:
2287:North America
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:Organizations
2231:
2221:
2218:
2217:
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3346:reproductive
3241:Labor rights
3217:and cultural
3214:
3127:Right to die
3004:human rights
3002:Substantive
2848:in Venezuela
2763:in Sri Lanka
2643:in Lithuania
2568:in Indonesia
2548:in Hong Kong
2543:in Guatemala
2413:in Australia
2403:in Argentina
2254:By continent
2182:Distinctions
2163:Positive law
2108:Human rights
2069:
2065:free content
2029:cite journal
1991:
1986:
1970:
1961:
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1946:
1937:
1926:. Retrieved
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1898:
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1875:. 2009-03-27
1872:
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1797:
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1519:
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1428:
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1406:. 2015-10-06
1403:
1394:
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1057:older people
1026:
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975:
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839:
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736:trade unions
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680:child labour
661:
649:trade unions
613:trade unions
602:
567:
555:
499:
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459:human rights
451:
447:
446:
389:Self defense
379:Reproductive
97:
84:Human rights
3374:LGBT rights
3107:Nationality
3097:LGBT rights
2895:Persecution
2863:in Zimbabwe
2788:in Thailand
2698:in Pakistan
2653:in Malaysia
2518:in Ethiopia
2478:in Cambodia
2458:in Botswana
2270:Middle East
2168:Sovereignty
2158:Natural law
1239:Karel Vasak
1091:obligations
1085:dimensions.
1064:Obligations
1045:adolescents
981:human right
894:Right2Water
850:common good
364:Development
304:Association
199:Transgender
3112:Personhood
2920:War crimes
2853:in Vietnam
2838:in Ukraine
2728:in Romania
2688:in Nigeria
2673:in Myanmar
2668:in Morocco
2658:in Manipur
2633:in Lebanon
2608:in Kashmir
2583:in Ireland
2538:in Germany
2473:in Burundi
2453:in Bolivia
2448:in Belarus
2433:in Bahrain
2418:in Austria
2408:in Armenia
2393:in Algeria
1952:2022-03-01
1928:2022-03-01
1904:2022-03-01
1879:2022-03-01
1752:2022-02-28
1525:2019-06-25
1410:2020-09-26
1404:www.un.org
1386:References
1257:, and the
1249:, such as
1199:curriculum
834:adjudicate
788:Maastricht
657:minorities
534:disability
491:obligation
354:Linguistic
329:Fair trial
211:Minorities
179:Indigenous
3092:Legal aid
2833:in Uganda
2828:in Turkey
2783:in Taiwan
2718:in Poland
2703:in Panama
2663:in Mexico
2648:in Malawi
2623:in Kuwait
2588:in Israel
2523:in France
2483:in Canada
2463:in Brazil
2398:in Angola
1123:education
1083:political
977:Education
902:networked
821:Grootboom
801:Education
558:protected
487:protected
399:Sexuality
324:Education
248:Prisoners
139:Creditors
134:Consumers
3399:Category
3354:Abortion
3192:Suffrage
2858:in Yemen
2778:in Syria
2768:in Sudan
2748:in Sindh
2678:in Nepal
2638:in Libya
2618:in Kenya
2603:in Japan
2593:in Italy
2563:in India
2558:in Haiti
2553:in Egypt
2533:in Ghana
2528:in Gabon
2508:in Egypt
2498:in China
2488:in Chile
2353:Genocide
2124:Children
1899:Refworld
1858:license.
1800:. UNESCO
1277:See also
1215:ESCR-Net
1209:Advocacy
1171:teachers
1134:equality
1118:(IHRL).
1096:citizens
1079:cultural
1071:economic
1041:children
1032:actors).
985:treaties
880:and the
848:and the
700:research
627:and the
512:and the
481:and the
369:Property
359:Movement
299:Assembly
263:Students
238:Peasants
233:Patients
184:Intersex
149:Disabled
129:Children
3102:Liberty
2929:Related
2915:Victims
2910:Torture
2905:Slavery
2713:in Peru
2578:in Iraq
2573:in Iran
2503:in Cuba
2299:Oceania
2213:Aspects
2053:Sources
2021:1588220
1434:5 March
1111:dignity
896:' and '
890:Ireland
882:commons
866:Ecuador
862:Bolivia
858:Iceland
694:of the
349:Housing
319:Digital
278:Workers
268:Victims
226:Mothers
221:Fathers
216:Parents
169:Fetuses
164:Farmers
124:Animals
119:Accused
3405:Rights
3341:Sexual
2890:Murder
2282:Europe
2265:Africa
2119:Humans
2019:
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1798:UNESCO
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1049:youths
653:ethnic
518:ICESCR
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404:Speech
374:Repair
344:Health
309:Asylum
258:States
253:Robots
243:Plants
174:Humans
159:Family
154:Elders
37:Rights
2134:Women
1223:COHRE
1125:are:
888:. In
283:Youth
273:Women
189:Kings
2900:Rape
2275:Asia
2042:help
2017:SSRN
1976:ISBN
1839:ISBN
1806:2019
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
