517:
609:
can be no question of granting rights here either, because the only being from whom those rights could come, the individual, derives his jurisdiction precisely from belonging to the community, and only from that. Opposed to this is the conception of the state from the school of natural law, which takes the individual as its starting point, asserts his natural freedom as a right, creates the community from his will and endows her with rights derived from him. To recap,
33:
500:. Such organizations are accorded rights that are particular to their specifically stated functions and their capacities to speak on behalf of their members, i.e. the capacity of the corporation to speak to the government on behalf of all individual customers or employees or the capacity of the trade union to
555:, the role of the government is solely to identify, protect, and enforce the natural rights of the individual while attempting to assure just remedies for transgressions. Liberal governments that respect individual rights often provide for systemic controls that protect individual rights such as a system of
608:
Thus, two kinds of perspectives on the state emerge from the history of the theory of the state. That of antiquity takes the community as a natural given, sees in her a being of the fullest reality, bearer of all cultural life, requiring no more justification than the existence of the Sun. And there
596:
states several group, or collective, rights of the people as well as the states, for example the Right of the People: "whenever any Form of
Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it" and the right of the States: "... as Free and Independent
579:
are unable to determine their collective future, they are certainly unable to assert or ensure their individual rights, future and freedoms. Critics suggest that both are necessarily connected and intertwined, rejecting the assertion that they exist in a mutually exclusive relationship.
475:
Individual rights and group rights are often incompatible. An appeal to group rights is often used to promote violation of individual rights. Historically, group rights have been used both to infringe upon and to facilitate individual rights, and the concept remains controversial.
151:
617:
on the other hand, the individual is primary, with all the content of his natural freedom as a right, and the community is secondary, a product of individual will and therefore dependent on him in jurisdiction.
2063:
1983:
484:
Besides the rights of groups based upon the immutable characteristics of their individual members, other group rights cater toward organizational persons, including nation-states,
1477:
597:
States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract
Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do."
1558:
1010:
De idee der persoonlijkheid in de staatsleer: redevoering bij de aanvaarding van het hoogleeraarsambt aan de rijks-universiteit te Leiden, den 4 Maart 1908 uitgesproken
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2003:
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2013:
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1998:
1898:
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The Idea of
Personality in the Theory of the State: lecture given at the acceptance of the position of professor at Leiden University, 4 March 1908
472:; even if they are group-differentiated, which most rights are, they remain individual rights if the right-holders are the individuals themselves.
1993:
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on the one hand, the community is primary, with her own original right, and the individual secondary, with his rights derived from the community;
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Jones, Peter (2010). "Cultures, group rights, and group-differentiated rights". In Maria Dimova-Cookson; Peter M. R. Stirk (eds.).
240:
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2018:
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592:, describes the right of each successive generation, as a group, collectively, to the earth and all the earth possesses. The
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The
Concept of Group Rights in International Law. Groups as Contested Right-Holders, Subjects and Legal Persons
652:
1484:
1938:
1548:
1394:
1213:
62:
2187:
2136:
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1067:. The Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights Library. Vol. 41. Leiden/Boston: Martinus Nijhoff.
208:
203:
863:
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136:
80:
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707:
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held by individuals by virtue of being human. Some theists believe individual rights are bestowed by
371:
954:
662:
2126:
1523:
1251:
1086:. Routledge Innovations in Political Theory. Vol. 35. New York: Routledge. pp. 38–57.
982:
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1028:
Lukina, Anna (2017). "Soviet Union and the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights".
811:
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336:
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604:(1908) outlined the difference between the community and individual perspectives:
2172:
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held by a group as a whole rather than individually by its members; in contrast,
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negotiate for benefits with employers on behalf of all workers in a company
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959:(Summer 2016 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
2110:
927:"Charter of the United Nations, Chapter 1: Purposes & Principles"
1543:
1115:
1101:
833:
32:
2100:
2095:
575:, enable the establishment to assert these individual rights. If
1160:
953:
Jones, Peter (2016). "Group Rights". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).
2080:
1267:
1191:
461:
443:
24:
776:
Communities and Law: Politics and
Cultures of Legal Identities
778:. The University of Michigan Press, 2003. Second print 2005.
450:. An individual right is a moral claim to freedom of action.
2090:
447:
563:. Certain collective rights, for example, the right of "
633:
over-prioritized individual rights over group rights.
987:
The U.S. National
Archives and Records Administration
492:, trade associations, chambers of commerce, specific
16:
Notion of rights of individuals and collective rights
882:"Group Rights (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)"
2064:of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)
2152:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
2164:
983:"Declaration of Independence: A Transcription"
479:
1283:
1176:
855:
416:
1290:
1276:
1183:
1169:
571:" enshrined in Chapter I Article I of the
423:
409:
907:
895:
594:United States Declaration of Independence
1984:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1128:
969:
956:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2165:
2076:List of human rights abuses by country
1564:during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017)
1529:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
1027:
1006:
861:
2147:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1271:
1164:
1081:
1062:
1017:] (in Dutch). Groningen: Wolters.
952:
913:
901:
631:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1114:
1100:
1021:
948:
946:
864:"Moral rights and political freedom"
789:
511:
1151:Common Rights vs. Collective Rights
1084:Multiculturalism and Moral Conflict
13:
1574:during the Libyan civil war (2011)
1436:National human rights institutions
1431:List of human rights organisations
874:
800:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
768:
738:Reparations (transitional justice)
14:
2209:
1190:
1139:
1124:. New York: New American Library.
943:
758:Three generations of human rights
1559:at Guantánamo Bay detention camp
1297:
884:. Plato.stanford.edu. 2008-09-22
703:Institutionalized discrimination
515:
31:
1684:in Chile under Augusto Pinochet
1390:Natural rights and legal rights
1380:Claim rights and liberty rights
1209:Claim rights and liberty rights
1204:Natural rights and legal rights
1055:
507:
58:Natural rights and legal rights
48:Claim rights and liberty rights
1554:against Palestinians by Israel
1000:
975:
963:
919:
653:Collectivism and individualism
1:
1146:Ayn Rand on Individual Rights
849:
802:. Thousand Oaks, California:
86:Economic, social and cultural
1395:Negative and positive rights
1214:Negative and positive rights
382:Self-determination of people
63:Negative and positive rights
7:
2137:List of human rights awards
2009:in the United Arab Emirates
1385:Individual and group rights
1219:Individual and group rights
636:
480:Organizational group rights
53:Individual and group rights
10:
2214:
2059:of the Marcos dictatorship
816:10.4135/9781412965811.n150
547:In the political views of
2119:
2004:in the State of Palestine
1989:in the Dominican Republic
1569:during the Gaddafi regime
1506:
1451:
1444:
1423:
1403:
1372:
1344:
1333:
1305:
1227:
1199:
1121:The Virtue of Selfishness
1110:. New York: Random House.
708:Interest group liberalism
693:Identity (social science)
1129:Stewart, Dugald (1811).
663:Constitutional economics
600:Dutch legal philosopher
40:Theoretical distinctions
2127:History of human rights
1534:Enforced disappearances
1524:Crimes against humanity
1252:Equality before the law
1131:The Works of Adam Smith
1030:SSRN Electronic Journal
2071:Incitement to genocide
1364:Universal jurisdiction
1247:Universal jurisdiction
1133:. Vol. 3. London.
1063:Bisaz, Corsin (2012).
774:Barzilai, Gad (2003),
619:
586:, in 1776 in his book
573:United Nations Charter
279:Other groups of rights
2178:Human rights concepts
2132:List of global issues
1007:Krabbe, Hugo (1908).
713:Liberation psychology
678:Ethnic interest group
606:
589:The Wealth of Nations
99:Rights by beneficiary
2014:in the United States
1789:in Jammu and Kashmir
1335:Fundamental concepts
1038:10.2139/ssrn.2952292
810:. pp. 245–247.
743:Right to development
668:Corporate personhood
625:argued in line with
397:Water and sanitation
1999:in the Soviet Union
1899:in Papua New Guinea
1549:Human rights abuses
1507:Human rights abuses
1411:Corporal punishment
792:"Individual Rights"
790:Mack, Eric (2008).
683:Freedom of movement
648:Collective identity
468:are rights held by
81:Civil and political
2188:Affirmative action
1994:in the Philippines
1519:Crime of apartheid
748:Self-determination
643:Affirmative action
565:self-determination
553:right-libertarians
549:classical liberals
527:. You can help by
2198:Collective rights
2183:Identity politics
2160:
2159:
2142:Three generations
1502:
1501:
1419:
1418:
1265:
1264:
1093:978-0-415-46615-8
825:978-1-4129-6580-4
804:SAGE Publications
688:Identity politics
673:Critical pedagogy
545:
544:
498:political parties
470:individual people
466:individual rights
458:collective rights
436:Individual rights
433:
432:
91:Three generations
2205:
1914:in Punjab, India
1539:Forced migration
1449:
1448:
1342:
1341:
1337:and philosophies
1292:
1285:
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1268:
1242:Sovereign states
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1074:978-9004-22870-2
1050:
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998:
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994:
979:
973:
972:, pp. 85–86
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627:Marxism–Leninism
561:criminal justice
540:
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512:
456:, also known as
438:, also known as
425:
418:
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372:Rest and leisure
35:
21:
20:
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2207:
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1944:in South Africa
1934:in Sierra Leone
1929:in Saudi Arabia
1659:in Burkina Faso
1614:in Azad Kashmir
1498:
1440:
1415:
1399:
1368:
1338:
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1320:Intersex people
1301:
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1257:Social contract
1223:
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1142:
1137:
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1032:. Elsevier BV.
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1005:
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989:. November 2015
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916:, pp. 7–12
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769:Further reading
733:Protected group
718:Minority rights
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525:needs expansion
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302:Civil liberties
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1964:in Switzerland
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1949:in South Korea
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1874:in New Zealand
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904:, p. 39ss
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796:Hamowy, Ronald
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1634:in Bangladesh
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1619:in Azerbaijan
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1485:South America
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1424:Organizations
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728:Primordialism
726:
724:
723:Popular front
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536:February 2022
530:
526:
523:This section
521:
518:
514:
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505:
503:
499:
495:
494:ethnic groups
491:
487:
477:
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118:
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69:
64:
61:
59:
56:
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51:
49:
46:
45:
44:
43:
39:
38:
34:
30:
29:
26:
23:
22:
19:
2039:in Venezuela
1954:in Sri Lanka
1834:in Lithuania
1759:in Indonesia
1739:in Hong Kong
1734:in Guatemala
1604:in Australia
1594:in Argentina
1445:By continent
1384:
1373:Distinctions
1354:Positive law
1299:Human rights
1237:Positive law
1218:
1130:
1119:
1105:
1083:
1064:
1056:Bibliography
1029:
1023:
1014:
1009:
1002:
991:. Retrieved
986:
977:
965:
955:
934:. Retrieved
930:
921:
914:Bisaz (2012)
909:
902:Jones (2010)
897:
886:. Retrieved
876:
867:
862:Tara Smith.
857:
799:
784:0-47211315-1
775:
623:Soviet Union
620:
616:
612:
607:
599:
587:
582:
576:
568:
546:
533:
529:adding to it
524:
508:Philosophies
490:corporations
486:trade unions
483:
474:
465:
457:
454:Group rights
453:
452:
439:
435:
434:
377:Self defense
367:Reproductive
72:Human rights
52:
18:
2086:Persecution
2054:in Zimbabwe
1979:in Thailand
1889:in Pakistan
1844:in Malaysia
1709:in Ethiopia
1669:in Cambodia
1649:in Botswana
1461:Middle East
1359:Sovereignty
1349:Natural law
1232:Natural law
868:archive.org
763:Voting bloc
658:Common good
602:Hugo Krabbe
557:due process
352:Development
292:Association
187:Transgender
2167:Categories
2111:War crimes
2044:in Vietnam
2029:in Ukraine
1919:in Romania
1879:in Nigeria
1864:in Myanmar
1859:in Morocco
1849:in Manipur
1824:in Lebanon
1799:in Kashmir
1774:in Ireland
1729:in Germany
1664:in Burundi
1644:in Bolivia
1639:in Belarus
1624:in Bahrain
1609:in Austria
1599:in Armenia
1584:in Algeria
993:2022-10-11
936:2018-06-02
931:www.un.org
888:2015-03-30
850:References
834:2008009151
698:Indigenism
584:Adam Smith
342:Linguistic
317:Fair trial
199:Minorities
167:Indigenous
2024:in Uganda
2019:in Turkey
1974:in Taiwan
1909:in Poland
1894:in Panama
1854:in Mexico
1839:in Malawi
1814:in Kuwait
1779:in Israel
1714:in France
1674:in Canada
1654:in Brazil
1589:in Angola
1116:Rand, Ayn
1102:Rand, Ayn
1046:1556-5068
842:750831024
629:that the
551:and some
387:Sexuality
312:Education
236:Prisoners
127:Creditors
122:Consumers
2049:in Yemen
1969:in Syria
1959:in Sudan
1939:in Sindh
1869:in Nepal
1829:in Libya
1809:in Kenya
1794:in Japan
1784:in Italy
1754:in India
1749:in Haiti
1744:in Egypt
1724:in Ghana
1719:in Gabon
1699:in Egypt
1689:in China
1679:in Chile
1544:Genocide
1315:Children
1118:(1964).
1104:(1957).
637:See also
569:peoples,
357:Property
347:Movement
287:Assembly
251:Students
226:Peasants
221:Patients
172:Intersex
137:Disabled
117:Children
2120:Related
2106:Victims
2101:Torture
2096:Slavery
1904:in Peru
1769:in Iraq
1764:in Iran
1694:in Cuba
1490:Oceania
1404:Aspects
798:(ed.).
337:Housing
307:Digital
266:Workers
256:Victims
214:Mothers
209:Fathers
204:Parents
157:Fetuses
152:Farmers
112:Animals
107:Accused
2173:Rights
2081:Murder
1473:Europe
1456:Africa
1310:Humans
1194:theory
1192:Rights
1090:
1071:
1044:
840:
832:
822:
782:
577:people
496:, and
462:rights
460:, are
444:rights
442:, are
392:Speech
362:Repair
332:Health
297:Asylum
246:States
241:Robots
231:Plants
162:Humans
147:Family
142:Elders
25:Rights
1325:Women
1013:[
794:. In
271:Youth
261:Women
177:Kings
2091:Rape
1466:Asia
1088:ISBN
1069:ISBN
1042:ISSN
838:OCLC
830:LCCN
820:ISBN
780:ISBN
621:The
322:Food
182:LGBT
132:Deaf
1156:SEP
1034:doi
812:doi
567:of
559:in
531:.
448:God
194:Men
2169::
1040:.
985:.
945:^
929:.
866:.
836:.
828:.
818:.
806:,
504:.
488:,
1291:e
1284:t
1277:v
1184:e
1177:t
1170:v
1096:.
1077:.
1048:.
1036::
996:.
939:.
891:.
870:.
844:.
814::
786:.
538:)
534:(
424:e
417:t
410:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
