2079:
homosexuality, contraception, and any sexual behavior not linked to reproduction" in their adherents for centuries) as life expectancy rose and infant mortality dropped. They also argue that the idea that religion was necessary to prevent a collapse of social cohesion and public morality was belied by lower levels of corruption and murder in less religious countries. They argue that both of these trends are based on the theory that as societies develop, survival becomes more secure: starvation, once pervasive, becomes uncommon; life expectancy increases; murder and other forms of violence diminish. As this level of security rises, there is less social/economic need for the high birthrates that religion encourages and less emotional need for the comfort of religious belief. Change in acceptance of "divorce, abortion, and homosexuality" has been measured by the World Values Survey and shown to have grown throughout the world outside of Muslim-majority countries.
528:
2075:
occurred in most former communist and developing countries, but also in some high-income countries. A sharp reversal of the global trend occurred from 2007 to 2019, when 43 out of 49 countries studied became less religious. This reversal appeared across most of the world. The United States was a dramatic example of declining religiosity – with the mean rating of importance of religion dropping from 8.2 to 4.6 – while India was a major exception. Research in 1989 recorded disparities in religious adherence for different faith groups, with people from
Christian and tribal traditions leaving religion at a greater rate than those from Muslim, Hindu, or Buddhist faiths.
638:
unaffiliated adults, 30% of French unaffiliated adults and 68% of unaffiliated U.S. adults." Being unaffiliated with a religion on polls does not automatically mean objectively nonreligious since there are, for example, unaffiliated people who fall under religious measures, just as some unbelievers may still attend a church or other place of worship. Out of the global nonreligious population, 76% reside in Asia and the
Pacific, while the remainder reside in Europe (12%), North America (5%), Latin America and the Caribbean (4%), sub-Saharan Africa (2%) and the Middle East and North Africa (less than 1%).
682:
626:'s global studies on atheism have indicated that global atheism may be in decline due to irreligious countries having the lowest birth rates in the world and religious countries having higher birth rates in general. Since religion and fertility are positively related and vice versa, non-religious identity is expected to decline as a proportion of the global population throughout the 21st century. By 2060, according to projections, the number of unaffiliated will increase by over 35 million, but the percentage will decrease to 13% because the total population will grow faster.
491:"protects theistic, non-theistic and atheistic beliefs, as well as the right not to profess any religion or belief." The committee further stated that "the freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief necessarily entails the freedom to choose a religion or belief, including the right to replace one's current religion or belief with another or to adopt atheistic views." Signatories to the convention are barred from "the use of threat of physical force or penal sanctions to compel believers or non-believers" to recant their beliefs or convert.
1098:
1483:
1627:
1026:
978:
1122:
1074:
856:
954:
634:
report, based on a poll in 2015, found that 63% of the globe identified as a religious person, 22% as not a religious person, and 11% as "convinced atheists". Their 2017 report found that 62% of the globe identified as a religious person, 25% as not a religious person, and 9% as "convinced atheists". However, some researchers have advised caution with the WIN/Gallup
International figures since other surveys have consistently reached lower figures for the number of atheists worldwide.
929:
2004:. He suggested this difficulty in definition was partially due to the dilemma of defining religious activity beyond membership, attendance, or other identification with a formal religious group. During the 1970s, social scientists still tended to describe irreligion from a perspective that considered religion as normative for humans. Irreligion was described in terms of hostility, reactivity, or indifference toward religion, and or as developing from radical theologies.
1531:
1194:
880:
9325:
1819:
1363:
1699:
1651:
1387:
1050:
3946:
9335:
1891:
1579:
1243:
1747:
1675:
1435:
1915:
1843:
1771:
1315:
1219:
905:
1867:
1795:
1603:
1411:
1267:
756:
1723:
1507:
1291:
1459:
1339:
2018:
806:
1555:
1146:
1939:
831:
781:
1170:
1002:
731:
707:
3934:
645:" is sometimes used in the U.S. to refer to those who are unaffiliated with any organized religion. This use derives from surveys of religious affiliation, in which "None" (or "None of the above") is typically the last choice. Since this status refers to lack of organizational affiliation rather than lack of personal belief, it is a more specific concept than irreligion. A 2015
2643:
660:
The
Zuckerman data on the table below only reflect the number of people who have an absence of belief in a deity only (atheists, agnostics). These do not include the broader number of people who do not identify with a particular religion, such as deists, pantheists, and spiritual but not religious
633:
report on a poll from 57 countries reported that 59% of the world's population identified as a religious person, 23% as not a religious person, 13% as "convinced atheists", and also a 9% decrease in identification as "religious" when compared to the 2005 average from 39 countries. Their follow-up
1983:
argue faith is "more emotional than cognitive", and advance an alternative thesis termed "existential security." They postulate that rather than knowledge or ignorance of scientific learning, it is the weakness or vulnerability of a society that determines religiosity. They claim that increased
2074:
In a study of religious trends in 49 countries from 1981 to 2019, Inglehart and Norris found an overall increase in religiosity from 1981 to 2007. Respondents in 33 of 49 countries rated themselves higher on a scale from one to ten when asked how important God was in their lives. This increase
637:
Being nonreligious is not necessarily equivalent to being an atheist or agnostic. Pew
Research Center's global study from 2012 noted that many of the nonreligious actually have some religious beliefs. For example, they observed that "belief in God or a higher power is shared by 7% of Chinese
2078:
Inglehart and Norris speculate that the decline in religiosity comes from a decline in the social need for traditional gender and sexual norms, ("virtually all world religions instilled" pro-fertility norms such as "producing as many children as possible and discouraged divorce, abortion,
1984:
poverty and chaos make religious values more important to a society, while wealth and security diminish its role. As need for religious support diminishes, there is less willingness to "accept its constraints, including keeping women in the kitchen and gay people in the closet".
509:(as adopted in 1982), which states that "No state organ, public organization or individual may compel citizens to believe in, or not believe in, any religion; nor may they discriminate against citizens who believe in, or do not believe in, any religion." Article 46 of China's
2633:
621:
A Pew 2015 global projection study for religion and nonreligion, projects that between 2010 and 2050, there will be some initial increases of the unaffiliated followed by a decline by 2050 due to lower global fertility rates among this demographic. Sociologist
234:= worship) is the recognition of the existence of one or more gods, but with a deliberate lack of worship of any deity. Typically, it includes the belief that religious rituals have no supernatural significance, and that gods ignore all prayers and worship.
84:
The population of the religiously unaffiliated, sometimes referred to as "nones", has grown significantly in recent years. Measurement of irreligiosity requires great cultural sensitivity, especially outside the West, where the concepts of "religion" or
369:
is a branch of moral philosophy in which ethics is based solely on human faculties such as logic, empathy, reason or moral intuition, and not derived from belief in supernatural revelation or guidance—a source of ethics in many
2568:"The Evolution of Religious Liberty as a Universal Human Right: Examining the Role of the 1981 United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief"
89:" are not always rooted in local culture. Those who do not affiliate with a religion are diverse. Pew Research Center's global study from 2012 noted that many of the nonreligious overlap with some religious measures.
2887:
545:. Also, though Scandinavian countries have among the highest measures of nonreligiosity and even atheism in Europe, 47% of atheists who live in those countries are still formally members of the national churches.
445:
for people who reject traditional or organized religion but have strong metaphysical beliefs. The SBNR may be included under the definition of nonreligion, but are sometimes classified as a wholly distinct
169:
defines it as "the quality or state of being irreligious", and defines "irreligious" as "neglectful of religion: lacking religious emotions, doctrines, or practices".
1979:
predicted that the spread of scientific knowledge would dispel religion throughout the world", but religion continued to prosper in most places during the 19th and 20th centuries. Inglehart and
3216:
2512:
657:
The Pew
Research Centre in the table below reflects "religiously unaffiliated" which "include atheists, agnostics, and people who do not identify with any particular religion in surveys".
629:
According to Pew
Research Center's 2012 global study of 230 countries and territories, 16% of the world's population is not affiliated with a religion, while 84% are affiliated. A 2012
541:
Although 11 countries listed below have nonreligious majorities, it does not necessary correlate with non-identification. For example, 58% of the
Swedish population identify with the
2848:
Ellis, Lee; Hoskin, Anthony W.; Dutton, Edward; Nyborg, Helmuth (8 March 2017). "The Future of
Secularism: a Biologically Informed Theory Supplemented with Cross-Cultural Evidence".
2939:
2260:
1992:
Rates of people identifying as non-religious began rising in most societies as least as early as the turn of the 20th century. In 1968, sociologist Glenn M. Vernon wrote that
2883:
2312:
262:
is the lack of belief that any deities exist or, in a narrower sense, positive atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities. There are ranges from
70:. These perspectives can vary, with individuals who identify as irreligious holding a diverse array of specific beliefs about religion or its role in their lives.
327:
holds that positions regarding truth should be formed on the basis of logic, reason, and empiricism, rather than authority, tradition, revelation, or other dogma.
3061:
2910:"The Changing Global Religious Landscape: Babies Born to Muslims will Begin to Outnumber Christian Births by 2035; People with No Religion Face a Birth Dearth"
510:
430:
is overwhelmingly used to describe a political conviction in favour of minimizing religion in the public sphere, that may be advocated regardless of personal
2376:
4214:
2337:
Johnson, Todd; Zurlo, Gina (2016). "Unaffiliated, Yet
Religious: A Methodological and Demographic Analysis". In Cipriani, Roberto; Garelli, Franco (eds.).
488:
3694:
3169:
3083:
190:. Agnostic atheists are atheistic because they do not hold a belief in the existence of any deity and agnostic because they claim that the existence of a
3105:
2917:
5792:
3192:
513:
was even more explicit, stating that "Citizens enjoy freedom to believe in religion and freedom not to believe in religion and to propagate atheism."
506:
8278:
2520:
8127:
4340:
2793:
2197:
9184:
3602:
2673:
2703:
9136:
6489:
3027:
Keysar, Ariela; Navarro-Rivera, Juhem (2017). "36. A World of Atheism: Global Demographics". In Bullivant, Stephen; Ruse, Michael (eds.).
50:
beliefs or practices. It encompasses a wide range of viewpoints drawn from various philosophical and intellectual perspectives, including
2946:
2567:
8172:
8099:
5317:
4418:
538:
In 2020, the World Religion Database estimated that the countries with the highest percentage of atheists were North Korea and Sweden.
219:
81:
report on a poll from 57 countries reported that 25% said they were not a religious person, and 9% responded as "convinced atheists".
7977:
4396:
614:
share the worldviews of nonreligious people though affiliated with a Jewish denomination, and in Russia, growing identification with
8423:
2252:
8263:
8137:
8122:
2995:
2971:
2219:
77:'s 2012 global study of 230 countries and territories, 16% of the world's population does not identify with any religion. A 2017
2000:. He contrasted the label with the term "independent" for political affiliation, which still includes people who participate in
2367:
2028:
3428:
Dillon, Michele (2015). "Christian Affiliation and Disaffiliation in the United States: Generational and Cultural Change". In
2603:
8283:
3882:
3848:
3818:
3784:
3746:
3722:
3680:
3639:
3569:
3542:
3523:
3488:
3457:
3418:
3399:
564:
concepts of "religious" and "secular" are not rooted in local civilization. Many East Asians identify as "without religion" (
414:
is obsolete, that God belongs to a stage of human development now past. Within nontheism, post-theism can be contrasted with
8748:
5787:
3978:
2300:
498:, and it is largely implied in respective legal systems that those who do not believe or observe any religion are allowed
357:
is the idea or belief that only natural (as opposed to supernatural or spiritual) laws and forces operate in the universe.
8866:
8147:
7748:
2167:
3552:
Iversen, Hans Raun (2013). "Secularization, Secularity, Secularism". In Runehov, Anne L. C.; Oviedo, Lluis (eds.).
9076:
8806:
8688:
8142:
6727:
4681:
3036:
2832:
2764:
2372:
649:
concluded that in the U.S. "nones" were the only "religious" group that was growing as a percentage of the population.
9126:
7952:
5202:
3588:
3285:
2541:
2411:
2346:
2108:
2061:
3053:
2733:
527:
9179:
6737:
4315:
4288:
9141:
9036:
8162:
8157:
8113:
7743:
6587:
5846:
4836:
4354:
4110:
2362:
522:
363:
is the positions of some atheist academics, writers, scientists, and philosophers of the 20th and 21st centuries.
163:
defines it as want of religion; hostility to or disregard of religious principles; irreligious conduct; and the
8996:
8821:
8094:
7113:
7054:
6941:
6820:
6752:
5180:
4818:
4737:
4305:
4063:
3650:
3161:
3075:
2909:
7233:
7108:
3097:
9146:
8561:
8298:
7962:
7811:
7733:
7155:
6197:
5750:
4389:
4300:
4120:
4115:
263:
3301:
Duke, James T.; Johnson, Barry L. (1989). "The Stages of Religious Transformation: A Study of 200 Nations".
9204:
9006:
6219:
4969:
4249:
4198:
3756:
3732:
3303:
7243:
3776:
3764:
3600:
Secular or nonreligious? Investigating and interpreting generic 'not religious' categories and populations
276:. The term has had a range of applications. It typically refers to direct opposition to the belief in any
9214:
8926:
8921:
8693:
7216:
7177:
6732:
6646:
6214:
4586:
3912:
3372:
602:, those who claim to be "not religious" mostly imply not strictly observing Islam, and in Israel, being "
438:
386:
in which secularist principles and values, and sometimes non-religious ethics, are especially emphasised.
157:
in general or any of its more specific organized forms, as distinct from absence of religion"; while the
7248:
7238:
7992:
7937:
7633:
6373:
5890:
4581:
4523:
3924:
3434:
Handbook of Global Contemporary Christianity: Themes and Developments in Culture, Politics, and Society
2789:
2193:
449:
165:
5971:
9239:
9028:
8886:
8338:
7226:
7005:
6636:
6266:
5831:
4963:
4715:
4552:
4507:
4188:
2442:
159:
7344:
3599:
3131:
8743:
8703:
8658:
8448:
8438:
8243:
7997:
7822:
7758:
7728:
7618:
7383:
7292:
7260:
7221:
7133:
6040:
5297:
5233:
4703:
4688:
4382:
4359:
4335:
4263:
3971:
2043:
348:
5740:
3840:
2824:
2665:
9194:
9131:
9081:
9041:
8986:
8621:
8616:
8506:
8453:
8343:
8273:
8069:
7880:
7795:
7000:
6978:
6777:
6599:
6124:
5782:
5709:
5393:
4764:
4564:
4473:
4330:
4320:
4221:
4080:
2695:
2447:
2163:
434:. Yet it is sometimes, especially in the United States, also a synonym for naturalism or atheism.
354:
9061:
8956:
8916:
8896:
8753:
8728:
8633:
8606:
8556:
8526:
8516:
8433:
8398:
8383:
8368:
8323:
8258:
7932:
7863:
7768:
7763:
7504:
7427:
7189:
7071:
6995:
6792:
6782:
6641:
6609:
6547:
6518:
6035:
6030:
5727:
5687:
5472:
4813:
4808:
4788:
4784:
2281:
Zuckerman, Phil; Galen, Luke W.; Pasquale, Frank L. (2016). "Secularity Around the World". In:
3631:
3618:
Mullins, Mark R. (2011). "Religion in Contemporary Japanese Lives". In Lyon Bestor, Victoria;
2399:
618:
is mainly motivated by cultural and nationalist considerations, without much concrete belief.
9302:
9247:
9164:
9116:
9091:
8891:
8713:
8708:
8576:
8566:
8388:
8064:
8007:
7827:
7773:
7194:
7172:
7091:
7032:
6698:
6137:
5998:
5160:
4759:
4671:
4270:
4013:
2578:
2455:
531:
6018:
5966:
3623:
3515:
3389:
2816:
9292:
9282:
9267:
9174:
9101:
9071:
9046:
9011:
8971:
8966:
8941:
8811:
8733:
8683:
8663:
8653:
8541:
8488:
8463:
8313:
8308:
8288:
8253:
8238:
8182:
7957:
7890:
7858:
7738:
7673:
7539:
7417:
7270:
7150:
7049:
6961:
6929:
6924:
6772:
6504:
5799:
5383:
5143:
4754:
4698:
4649:
4634:
4487:
4256:
4105:
4085:
4023:
3874:
2884:"Why People With No Religion Are Projected To Decline As A Share Of The World's Population"
2477:
2103:
1993:
553:
467:
421:
201:
4996:
2341:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 56The intersection of religion among the global uaffliated –60.
1996:
respondents who identified as "no religion" were insufficiently defined because they were
8:
9359:
9297:
9272:
9252:
9229:
9156:
9106:
9086:
9001:
8991:
8946:
8906:
8861:
8856:
8846:
8836:
8831:
8826:
8816:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8758:
8668:
8643:
8521:
8511:
8473:
8443:
8428:
8413:
8403:
8393:
8358:
8353:
8303:
8248:
8223:
8167:
8024:
8012:
7900:
7895:
7885:
7753:
7554:
7467:
7412:
7388:
7275:
7160:
7118:
6913:
6762:
6390:
6182:
6067:
5863:
5665:
5550:
5478:
5368:
5289:
5116:
4769:
4593:
4439:
4277:
3964:
2817:
2308:
1964:
495:
74:
20:
3002:
2978:
2226:
9277:
9257:
9224:
9121:
9111:
9056:
9051:
8981:
8961:
8951:
8936:
8931:
8911:
8881:
8876:
8851:
8841:
8773:
8738:
8723:
8628:
8601:
8591:
8551:
8536:
8531:
8483:
8478:
8418:
8373:
8333:
8228:
8215:
8002:
7927:
7800:
7623:
7297:
7255:
7096:
7064:
7039:
6966:
6946:
6767:
6715:
6703:
6681:
6273:
6231:
6104:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5760:
5544:
5520:
4899:
4823:
4571:
4517:
4310:
4147:
4090:
4038:
3906:
3790:
3619:
3611:
3364:
3320:
3258:
3208:
2865:
2755:
Zuckerman, Phil, ed. (2010). "Ch. 9 Atheism And Secularity: The Scandinavian Paradox".
1632:
505:
A noted exception to ambiguity, explicitly allowing non-religion, is Article 36 of the
499:
379:
299:
6385:
5944:
5572:
5302:
9334:
9328:
9262:
9219:
9209:
9199:
9189:
9096:
9016:
8976:
8901:
8871:
8763:
8718:
8698:
8673:
8648:
8611:
8596:
8571:
8546:
8458:
8408:
8363:
8348:
8328:
8318:
8293:
8233:
8177:
7942:
7718:
7314:
7285:
7209:
7204:
7165:
7103:
7059:
7044:
7027:
7022:
7017:
6956:
6691:
6577:
6343:
6313:
6293:
6114:
5919:
5900:
5895:
5841:
5804:
5525:
5440:
5363:
5261:
5251:
5219:
5207:
5175:
5152:
5134:
5030:
4885:
4793:
4779:
4742:
4730:
4559:
4478:
4430:
4295:
4207:
4183:
4178:
3938:
3901:
3878:
3844:
3814:
3780:
3742:
3718:
3710:
3686:
3676:
3635:
3624:
3584:
3565:
3538:
3519:
3484:
3463:
3453:
3414:
3395:
3368:
3281:
3032:
2828:
2760:
2417:
2407:
2342:
615:
561:
6797:
6395:
6055:
5809:
2869:
2779:
Zuckerman, Galen et al., "Secularity Around the World". pp. 30–32, 37–40, 44, 50–51.
2039:
1976:
9287:
9169:
9066:
8678:
8638:
8586:
8581:
8498:
8468:
8378:
8268:
8132:
8084:
8079:
7643:
7608:
7581:
7339:
7324:
7199:
7123:
6973:
6951:
6859:
6720:
6499:
6462:
6318:
6303:
6251:
6045:
6025:
5993:
5988:
5959:
5954:
5878:
5868:
5697:
5661:
5653:
5624:
5537:
5457:
5452:
5415:
5405:
5331:
5269:
5111:
4948:
4798:
4456:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4157:
4152:
4125:
4033:
4008:
3870:
3836:
3794:
3768:
3666:
3662:
3561:
3557:
3511:
3445:
3441:
3356:
3312:
3250:
3200:
2857:
2611:
2133:
2001:
607:
542:
442:
389:
373:
338:
237:
179:
6936:
313:
are exclusively logical, reliable, and sufficient to determine the existence of a
9338:
7967:
7947:
7437:
7329:
7319:
6988:
6656:
6447:
6427:
6358:
6323:
6256:
5976:
5949:
5924:
5873:
5851:
5644:
5587:
5358:
4875:
4676:
4602:
4542:
4497:
4466:
4028:
3950:
3606:
3429:
583:
557:
341:
is meaningless because the word "God" has no coherent and unambiguous definition.
2482:
How to be Secular: A Field Guide for Religious Moderates, Atheists and Agnostics
1997:
456:– are not cognitively meaningful. It is sometimes considered as synonymous with
8089:
7982:
7922:
7638:
7613:
7398:
7302:
7184:
7128:
7081:
6494:
6442:
6338:
6308:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6261:
6157:
6077:
6060:
6013:
6003:
5047:
4710:
4693:
4512:
4492:
4461:
4364:
4058:
3862:
3858:
3828:
3802:
3503:
3476:
1079:
861:
623:
366:
240:
is opposition to religious authority, typically in social or political matters.
223:
128:
6050:
5312:
3671:
3449:
2861:
2159:
548:
Determining objective irreligion, as part of societal or individual levels of
9353:
8017:
7571:
7452:
6844:
6839:
6787:
6624:
6562:
6457:
6348:
6246:
6177:
6109:
6099:
6072:
6008:
5905:
5883:
5821:
5717:
5680:
5599:
5507:
4958:
4909:
4614:
4095:
4043:
3806:
3736:
3690:
3467:
934:
611:
595:
318:
6686:
3831:; Galen, Luke W.; Pasquale, Frank L. (2016). "Secularity Around the World".
2421:
8152:
8054:
7915:
7603:
7598:
7576:
7566:
7447:
6879:
6814:
6757:
6742:
6708:
6333:
6241:
5279:
5170:
5165:
5016:
4986:
4860:
4828:
4576:
4547:
4534:
4325:
4003:
3916:
2118:
2093:
1980:
599:
243:
209:
6380:
5067:
2534:
2339:
Annual Review of the Sociology of Religion: Volume 7: Sociology of Atheism
8074:
8049:
7873:
7841:
7832:
7778:
7708:
7693:
7586:
7477:
7138:
7086:
6874:
6592:
6572:
6412:
6353:
6091:
6087:
5910:
5430:
5378:
5348:
5185:
5039:
4931:
4855:
4720:
4656:
4607:
4139:
4100:
4018:
2790:"The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050"
2725:
2138:
2128:
1536:
1488:
1199:
959:
885:
646:
487:
In 1993, the UN's human rights committee declared that article 18 of the
463:
457:
431:
399:
376:
is a system of thought that prioritizes human rather than divine matters.
360:
330:
324:
306:
291:
213:
197:
187:
63:
55:
7393:
7334:
6437:
5858:
5692:
5241:
3241:
Vernon, Glenn M. (1968). "The Religious "Nones": A Neglected Category".
3212:
8035:
7910:
7905:
7868:
7846:
7703:
7683:
7678:
7519:
7509:
7472:
7076:
6854:
6802:
6542:
6187:
6167:
5745:
5670:
5609:
5373:
5353:
5274:
4926:
4894:
4865:
4644:
4639:
4624:
4130:
4053:
4048:
3360:
3324:
3262:
2972:"Losing our Religion? Two Thirds of People Still Claim to be Religious"
2436:
2191:
1824:
1368:
549:
427:
415:
383:
295:
287:
269:
86:
67:
59:
35:
31:
6884:
5765:
3345:"An introduction to atheism, agnosticism, and nonreligious worldviews"
452:
is the argument that religious language – specifically, words such as
7987:
7783:
7698:
7688:
7559:
7514:
7499:
7432:
7280:
6747:
6669:
6629:
6619:
6582:
6557:
6537:
6432:
6298:
6152:
6142:
5914:
5772:
5582:
5567:
5532:
5515:
5497:
5410:
5190:
5106:
5085:
5080:
5057:
5052:
5011:
5006:
4943:
4880:
4803:
4774:
4725:
4666:
4619:
4162:
3861:; Shook, John R. (2017). "Introduction: The Study of Secularism". In
3391:
Scepticism and irreligion in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
3204:
2123:
1972:
1968:
1704:
1656:
1392:
1103:
1055:
403:
249:
149:, but whether it is distinct from lack of religion is disputed. The
47:
5462:
4991:
3316:
3254:
16:
Absence, indifference to, rejection of or hostility towards religion
7790:
7534:
7524:
7379:
6869:
6849:
6676:
6552:
6407:
5981:
5735:
5675:
5594:
5502:
5489:
5467:
5447:
5425:
5420:
5400:
5340:
5307:
5246:
5090:
5075:
4953:
4914:
4870:
4661:
4598:
4502:
4405:
3945:
2098:
1896:
1752:
1680:
1584:
1248:
587:
393:
205:
154:
146:
137:
in the 17th century, though it is not certain from which language.
3653:. In Enstedt, Daniel; Larsson, Göran; Mantsinen, Teemu T. (eds.).
3193:"Book review. Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide"
256:
or indifference towards the existence or non-existence of god/(s).
8059:
7663:
7628:
7549:
7462:
7403:
7307:
7010:
6864:
6614:
6567:
6452:
6328:
6147:
5614:
5577:
5388:
4938:
4904:
4747:
4448:
4073:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2113:
2088:
1920:
1872:
1848:
1800:
1776:
1608:
1440:
1416:
1320:
1272:
1224:
1127:
910:
811:
761:
630:
475:
411:
344:
259:
183:
78:
51:
27:
3054:"Percentage of Christians in U.S. Drifting Down, but Still High"
2160:"Irreligion | Definition, Overview, & Examples | Britannica"
590:
or Christianity. Most of the people "without religion" practice
7972:
7851:
7836:
7655:
7544:
7529:
7487:
7265:
7143:
6417:
6172:
6162:
5816:
5777:
5619:
5227:
5197:
4921:
3658:
3481:
Atheism and Secularity. Volume 1: Issues, Concepts, Definitions
3437:
1944:
1728:
1512:
1464:
1344:
1296:
1151:
1031:
983:
836:
786:
603:
591:
471:
407:
392:
is an outlook upholding virtues and principles associated with
310:
302:
273:
253:
6363:
2288:
2035:
631:
Worldwide Independent Network/Gallup International Association
79:
Worldwide Independent Network/Gallup International Association
19:"Irreligious" redirects here. For the album by Moonspell, see
7668:
7442:
7422:
7407:
6983:
6809:
6604:
6467:
6422:
6402:
5604:
5001:
4847:
4629:
3956:
3344:
2604:"Chapter two – the fundamental rights and duties of citizens"
1175:
1007:
736:
712:
687:
283:
277:
191:
3833:
The Nonreligious: Understanding Secular People and Societies
3001:. WIN/Gallup International. 14 November 2017. Archived from
2540:. International Federation for Human Rights. 1 August 2003.
2283:
The Nonreligious: Understanding Secular People and Societies
2225:. WIN/Gallup International. 14 November 2017. Archived from
2192:
Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life (18 December 2012).
7593:
7482:
5435:
4374:
2285:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 6–8, 13–15, 32–34.
1560:
3657:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 18.
3436:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 10.
3343:
Coleman, Thomas J.; Hood, Ralph W.; Streib, Heinz (2018).
7492:
7457:
6132:
5511:
3801:
3717:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.
3388:
Arie Johan Vanderjagt, Richard Henry Popkin, ed. (1993).
3127:
2977:. WIN/Gallup International. 13 April 2015. Archived from
314:
3556:. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp. 2116–2121.
3535:
The Sociology of Secularisation: A Critique of a Concept
2670:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
2847:
2513:"CCPR General Comment 22: 30/07/93 on ICCPR Article 18"
4417:
3827:
3813:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
3155:
3153:
3151:
3149:
571:
3922:
3510:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 499ff.
3502: (2017). "Varieties of Secular Experience". In
3483:. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger. pp. 1–18.
3387:
3184:
2535:"Discrimination against religious minorities in Iran"
2406:. Walnut Creek, Calif.: AltaMira Press. p. 239.
565:
194:
is either unknowable in principle or unknown in fact.
3869:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–17.
3026:
2434:
577:
556:
from researchers. This is especially so outside the
489:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
3146:
246:
is opposition or rejection of religion of any kind.
3765:"Why We Need a Radical Redefinition of Secularism"
3626:Routledge Handbook of Japanese Culture and Society
2435:
298:as a source of divine knowledge, and asserts that
182:is a philosophical position that encompasses both
3475:Eller, Jack David (2010). "What Is Atheism?". In
3342:
3280:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 54.
3162:"Giving Up on God The Global Decline of Religion"
2253:"7 Key Changes in the Global Religious Landscape"
586:), but "religion" in that context refers only to
9351:
3775:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp.
2610:. Hong Kong Human Rights Monitor. Archived from
2311:: Religion & Public Life. 18 December 2012.
4341:Brazilian Association of Atheists and Agnostics
3648:
3160:Inglehart, Ronald F. (September–October 2020).
2815:Zuckerman, Phil (2007). Martin, Michael (ed.).
2332:
2330:
3857:
3715:How (Not) to Be Secular: Reading Charles Tayor
2608:Constitution of the People's Republic of China
507:Constitution of the People's Republic of China
4390:
3972:
3191:Ikenberry, G. John (November–December 2004).
2964:
2932:
2666:"Religious Composition by Country, 2010–2050"
424:is a type of skepticism relating to religion.
3243:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
3128:"81-F77-Aeb-A404-447-C-8-B95-Dd57-Adc11-E98"
2640:People's Republic of China 1978 Constitution
2502:Zuckerman, Shook, (in bibliography), p. 575.
2336:
2327:
2187:
2185:
1935:
1928:
1911:
1904:
1887:
1880:
1863:
1856:
1839:
1832:
1815:
1808:
1791:
1784:
1767:
1760:
1743:
1736:
1719:
1712:
1695:
1688:
1671:
1664:
1647:
1640:
1623:
1616:
1599:
1592:
1575:
1568:
1551:
1544:
1527:
1520:
1503:
1496:
1479:
1472:
1455:
1448:
1431:
1424:
1407:
1400:
1383:
1376:
1359:
1352:
1335:
1328:
1311:
1304:
1287:
1280:
1263:
1256:
1239:
1232:
1215:
1208:
1190:
1183:
1166:
1159:
1142:
1135:
1118:
1111:
1094:
1087:
1070:
1063:
1046:
1039:
1022:
1015:
998:
991:
974:
967:
950:
943:
925:
918:
901:
894:
876:
869:
852:
845:
827:
820:
802:
795:
777:
770:
752:
745:
727:
720:
703:
696:
678:
347:is an unspecified belief in an undetermined
118:
3741:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press.
3408:
3300:
132:
4397:
4383:
3979:
3965:
3773:The Power of Religion in the Public Sphere
3649:Schaffner, Caleb; Cragun, Ryan T. (2020).
2945:. WIN/Gallup International. Archived from
3841:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199924950.001.0001
3670:
3630:. Abingdon, England: Routledge. pp.
3578:
3275:
3269:
3190:
3159:
3082:. Pew Research Center. 18 December 2012.
2814:
2754:
2484:(2012, Houghton-Mifflin Harcourt). p. 53.
2182:
2062:Learn how and when to remove this message
6912:
3811:Varieties of Secularism in a Secular Age
3583:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
3236:
3234:
2397:
2034:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1963:According to political/social scientist
526:
145:Irreligion is defined as a rejection of
8204:
3617:
3551:
3532:
3411:Irreligion: Thought, Rationale, History
3349:Psychology of Religion and Spirituality
3051:
337:, is the idea that the question of the
9352:
3755:
3731:
3651:"Chapter 20: Non-Religion and Atheism"
3554:Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions
3537:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
3427:
3240:
3172:from the original on 22 September 2020
3045:
2940:"Global Index of Religion and Atheism"
2808:
2688:
2368:Instituut voor Nederlandse Lexicologie
2046:to additional sources at this section.
396:while maintaining a secular worldview.
117:). It was first attested in French as
8203:
7361:
6911:
4416:
4378:
3960:
3835:. New York: Oxford University Press.
3709:
3516:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.013.31
3497:
3474:
3231:
3219:from the original on 1 September 2020
3086:from the original on 7 November 2021.
2886:. Pew Research Center. 7 April 2017.
2796:from the original on 25 December 2018
2792:. Pew Research Center. 5 April 2012.
2527:
2250:
2200:from the original on 26 December 2018
2170:from the original on 1 September 2024
1987:
3875:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.013.1
3134:from the original on 24 October 2021
3108:from the original on 24 October 2021
3098:"The Cambridge Companion to Atheism"
3064:from the original on 6 January 2024.
2736:from the original on 1 November 2017
2706:from the original on 28 October 2022
2547:from the original on 31 October 2006
2456:participating institution membership
2404:Encyclopedia of Religion and Society
2379:from the original on 29 January 2019
2263:from the original on 19 January 2022
2157:
2011:
1958:
441:" (SBNR) is a designation coined by
151:Encyclopedia of Religion and Society
3052:Newport, Frank (24 December 2015).
2402:. In Swatos, William H. Jr. (ed.).
466:, refers to a system of thought or
406:that proposes that the division of
13:
8173:Religions and spiritual traditions
4419:Religious groups and denominations
3581:The Invention of Religion in Japan
2850:Evolutionary Psychological Science
2819:The Cambridge Companion to Atheism
2373:Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal
2355:
2027:relies largely or entirely upon a
532:Nonreligious population by country
14:
9371:
3893:
3867:The Oxford Handbook of Secularism
3771:; VanAntwerpen, Jonathan (eds.).
3508:The Oxford Handbook of Secularism
3375:from the original on 19 June 2021
2920:from the original on 6 April 2017
2823:. Cambridge Univ. Press. p.
2676:from the original on 5 April 2019
2565:
2109:Importance of religion by country
9333:
9324:
9323:
9137:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
8279:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4316:Freedom From Religion Foundation
3944:
3932:
3697:from the original on 2 June 2021
3579:Josephson, Jason Ānanda (2012).
2996:"Religion prevails in the world"
2890:from the original on 1 July 2015
2646:from the original on 24 May 2021
2493:Zuckerman, Galen et al., p. 119.
2315:from the original on 9 July 2024
2220:"Religion prevails in the world"
2194:"The Global Religious Landscape"
2016:
1937:
1913:
1889:
1865:
1841:
1817:
1793:
1769:
1745:
1721:
1697:
1673:
1649:
1625:
1601:
1577:
1553:
1529:
1505:
1481:
1457:
1433:
1409:
1385:
1361:
1337:
1313:
1289:
1265:
1241:
1217:
1192:
1168:
1144:
1120:
1096:
1072:
1048:
1024:
1000:
976:
952:
927:
903:
878:
854:
829:
804:
779:
754:
729:
705:
680:
652:
153:defines it as the "rejection of
7744:Evolutionary origin of religion
3913:"Will religion ever disappear?"
3614:, Vol. 44, no. 3. October 2013.
3335:
3294:
3120:
3090:
3068:
3020:
2988:
2902:
2876:
2841:
2782:
2773:
2748:
2718:
2658:
2626:
2596:
2559:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2471:
2462:
2428:
2251:Lipka, Michael (2 April 2015).
606:" means not strictly observing
523:List of countries by irreligion
516:
482:
113:, signifying "not" (similar to
46:is the absence or rejection of
8095:Separation of church and state
6753:Polytheistic reconstructionism
4306:Atheist Alliance International
4064:Separation of church and state
3986:
3562:10.1007/978-1-4020-8265-8_1024
3080:The Global Religious Landscape
3029:The Oxford Handbook of Atheism
2391:
2305:The Global Religious Landscape
2275:
2244:
2212:
2151:
1998:defined in terms of a negative
127:in 1598. It was borrowed into
1:
5751:Traditional Sabahan religions
4301:American Humanist Association
2144:
1967:, "influential thinkers from
494:Most democracies protect the
264:negative and positive atheism
140:
101:is a combination of the noun
4404:
4250:Letter to a Christian Nation
3655:Handbook of Leaving Religion
3304:Review of Religious Research
2757:Atheism and Secularity Vol.2
2468:Merriam Webster, irreligious
2007:
123:in 1527, then in English as
92:
7:
7953:National religiosity levels
7178:Nauruan Indigenous religion
6733:Hellenism (modern religion)
3276:Schumaker, John F. (1992).
3031:. Oxford University Press.
2082:
578:
572:
566:
439:Spiritual but not religious
10:
9376:
7362:
4111:Discrimination/Persecution
3805:; VanAntwerpen, Jonathan;
3622:; Yamagata, Akiko (eds.).
3533:Glasner, Peter E. (1977).
3278:Religion and Mental Health
3199:(November/December 2004).
3168:(September/October 2020).
3076:"Religiously Unaffiliated"
2642:] (in Chinese). 1978.
2301:"Religiously Unaffiliated"
1934:
1910:
1886:
1862:
1838:
1814:
1790:
1766:
1742:
1718:
1694:
1670:
1646:
1622:
1598:
1574:
1550:
1526:
1502:
1478:
1454:
1430:
1406:
1382:
1358:
1334:
1310:
1286:
1262:
1238:
1214:
1189:
1165:
1141:
1117:
1093:
1069:
1045:
1021:
997:
973:
949:
924:
900:
875:
851:
826:
801:
776:
751:
726:
702:
677:
552:and religiosity, requires
520:
450:Theological noncognitivism
166:Merriam Webster Dictionary
25:
18:
9319:
9238:
9155:
9027:
8772:
8497:
8214:
8210:
8199:
8108:
8033:
7809:
7717:
7654:
7372:
7368:
7357:
6920:
6907:
6832:
6655:
6637:Transcendental Meditation
6530:
6517:
6482:
6230:
6207:
6196:
6123:
6086:
5830:
5726:
5708:
5652:
5643:
5560:
5488:
5339:
5330:
5288:
5260:
5218:
5151:
5142:
5133:
5099:
5066:
5038:
5029:
4979:
4846:
4533:
4447:
4438:
4429:
4425:
4412:
4348:
4287:
4197:
4171:
4138:
4072:
3994:
3865:; Shook, John R. (eds.).
3672:10.1163/9789004331471_021
3506:; Shook, John R. (eds.).
3450:10.1163/9789004291027_019
2862:10.1007/s40806-017-0090-z
2443:Oxford English Dictionary
697:103,907,840 – 181,838,720
160:Oxford English Dictionary
8264:Central African Republic
5298:Vietnamese folk religion
4689:Charismatic Christianity
4360:Disestablishmentarianism
4336:Recovering from Religion
4264:Why I Am Not a Christian
2696:"Atheist World Rankings"
2634:
2398:Campbell, Colin (1998).
173:
26:Not to be confused with
8158:New religious movements
7796:Theories about religion
7749:Evolutionary psychology
6778:Modern Finnish paganism
4765:Independent Catholicism
4355:Countries by irreligion
4331:Rational Response Squad
4321:Humanists International
4222:The Demon-Haunted World
3711:Smith, James K. A.
2654:– via Wikisource.
2448:Oxford University Press
2164:Encyclopedia Britannica
895:14,579,400 – 25,270,960
870:18,684,010 – 26,519,240
846:25,982,320 – 32,628,960
821:33,794,250 – 40,388,250
796:34,507,680 – 69,015,360
746:81,493,120 – 82,766,450
319:creator of the universe
8807:Bosnia and Herzegovina
6793:Erzyan native religion
6642:Unitarian Universalism
6031:Native American Church
4809:Oneness Pentecostalism
3915:, from BBC Future, by
3902:Understanding Unbelief
944:8,790,840 – 26,822,520
535:
294:theology that rejects
288:philosophical position
133:
119:
9127:Saint Kitts and Nevis
8424:São Tomé and Príncipe
8284:Republic of the Congo
6490:Aboriginal Australian
5161:Chinese folk religion
4271:Why I Am Not a Muslim
4121:Negative and positive
4116:Implicit and explicit
4014:Criticism of religion
3605:28 April 2021 at the
2517:Minority Rights Group
1497:1,266,670 – 2,011,770
1473:1,418,250 – 3,294,000
1449:1,460,200 – 3,129,000
1425:1,471,500 – 2,125,500
1401:1,565,800 – 3,131,600
1377:1,665,840 – 1,817,280
1305:1,956,990 - 6,320,550
1281:2,327,590 – 4,330,400
1257:2,556,120 – 3,007,200
1233:3,210,240 – 4,614,720
1184:3,483,420 – 8,708,550
1160:4,133,560 – 7,638,100
1136:4,346,160 – 4,449,640
1112:4,779,120 – 4,978,250
1088:5,328,940 – 6,250,121
1016:6,042,150 – 9,667,440
992:6,176,520 – 9,752,400
968:6,364,020 – 7,179,920
530:
478:, but is beyond them.
272:is the opposition to
226:: from the privative
8749:United Arab Emirates
7540:Religious experience
6914:Historical religions
5318:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương
4650:Schwenkfelder Church
4257:The System of Nature
4024:Organized secularism
3665:. pp. 242–252.
3444:. pp. 346–365.
3409:Eric Wright (2010).
2732:. 15 November 2023.
2730:www.svenskakyrkan.se
2478:Jacques Berlinerblau
2104:Faith deconstruction
2040:improve this article
554:cultural sensitivity
468:religious philosophy
422:Religious skepticism
202:the existence of God
9142:Trinidad and Tobago
9037:Antigua and Barbuda
8205:Religion by country
7266:Cult of Magna Mater
5788:Philippine Dayawism
5369:Nimbarka Sampradaya
5117:Chinese Manichaeism
4789:Jehovah's Witnesses
4594:Proto-Protestantism
4278:Why I Am an Atheist
3795:10.7312/butl15645.6
3620:Bestor, Theodore C.
3008:on 14 November 2017
2914:Pew Research Center
2523:on 16 January 2015.
2446:(Online ed.).
2309:Pew Research Center
2257:Pew Research Center
2232:on 14 November 2017
2158:Eldridge, Stephen.
1965:Ronald F. Inglehart
1689:542,400 – 1,518,720
1521:929,850 – 2,293,630
610:. Vice versa, many
496:freedom of religion
252:is the attitude of
109:form of the prefix
75:Pew Research Center
21:Irreligious (album)
9077:Dominican Republic
8123:Abrahamic prophets
7217:Proto-Indo-Iranian
5761:Aliran Kepercayaan
4964:Non-denominational
4886:Modernist Salafism
4572:Oriental Orthodoxy
4311:Center for Inquiry
4215:Breaking the Spell
4039:Secular liberalism
3919:, in December 2014
3907:University of Kent
3361:10.1037/rel0000213
2952:on 16 October 2012
1988:Prior to the 1980s
1633:Dominican Republic
536:
500:freedom of thought
380:Secular liberalism
9347:
9346:
9315:
9314:
9311:
9310:
8299:Equatorial Guinea
8195:
8194:
8191:
8190:
7734:Cognitive science
7353:
7352:
7286:Mysteries of Isis
7060:Frankish paganism
6903:
6902:
6899:
6898:
6895:
6894:
6647:White Brotherhood
6513:
6512:
6478:
6477:
5822:Sundanese Wiwitan
5639:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5364:Brahma Sampradaya
5326:
5325:
5129:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5107:Assianism/Uatsdin
5025:
5024:
4794:British Israelism
4780:Nontrinitarianism
4743:Plymouth Brethren
4738:Nondenominational
4672:Congregationalism
4560:Eastern Orthodoxy
4508:Reconstructionist
4372:
4371:
4296:American Atheists
4208:The Age of Reason
3884:978-0-19-998845-7
3850:978-0-19-992494-3
3820:978-0-674-04857-7
3786:978-0-231-52725-5
3769:Mendieta, Eduardo
3748:978-0-674-02676-6
3724:978-0-8028-6761-2
3682:978-90-04-33092-4
3641:978-0-415-43649-6
3571:978-1-4020-8265-8
3544:978-0-7100-8455-2
3525:978-0-19-998845-7
3490:978-0-313-35183-9
3459:978-90-04-26538-7
3420:978-1-171-06863-1
3401:978-90-04-09596-0
2984:on 30 April 2015.
2702:. 19 April 2022.
2635:中华人民共和国宪法 (1978年)
2454:(Subscription or
2072:
2071:
2064:
1959:Historical trends
1956:
1955:
1761:420,960 – 947,160
1737:461,200 – 668,740
1593:703,850 – 764,180
1545:798,800 – 878,680
673:Zuckerman (2004)
616:Eastern Orthodoxy
562:Western Christian
511:1978 Constitution
232:λατρεία (latreia)
200:is the view that
73:According to the
9367:
9337:
9327:
9326:
9205:Papua New Guinea
9180:Marshall Islands
9007:Northern Ireland
8212:
8211:
8201:
8200:
8085:Secular theology
8080:Secular humanism
7370:
7369:
7359:
7358:
7234:Ancestral Pueblo
6909:
6908:
6528:
6527:
6205:
6204:
5650:
5649:
5406:Shaiva Siddhanta
5337:
5336:
5270:Korean shamanism
5149:
5148:
5140:
5139:
5036:
5035:
4949:Mahdawi movement
4819:Swedenborgianism
4799:Christadelphians
4445:
4444:
4436:
4435:
4427:
4426:
4414:
4413:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4376:
4375:
4243:God Is Not Great
4236:The God Delusion
4229:The End of Faith
4158:Agnostic atheism
4126:Existence of God
4034:Secular humanism
4009:Anti-clericalism
3981:
3974:
3967:
3958:
3957:
3949:
3948:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3928:
3888:
3854:
3824:
3798:
3760:
3752:
3728:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3674:
3663:Brill Publishers
3645:
3629:
3594:
3575:
3548:
3529:
3501:
3494:
3471:
3442:Brill Publishers
3430:Hunt, Stephen J.
3424:
3413:. BiblioBazaar.
3405:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3329:
3328:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3238:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3205:10.2307/20034150
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3157:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3007:
3000:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2976:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2951:
2944:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2916:. 5 April 2017.
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2822:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2672:. 2 April 2015.
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2614:on 23 March 2018
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2583:
2577:. Archived from
2572:
2566:Davis, Derek H.
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2546:
2539:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2519:. Archived from
2509:
2503:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2485:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2451:
2439:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2334:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2297:
2286:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2231:
2224:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2155:
2134:Secular religion
2067:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2002:civic activities
1947:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1930:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1906:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1882:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1858:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1834:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1810:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1786:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1762:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1738:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1714:
1707:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1690:
1683:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1666:
1659:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1642:
1635:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1618:
1611:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1594:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1570:
1563:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1546:
1539:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1522:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1498:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1474:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1450:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1426:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1402:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1378:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1354:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1330:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1306:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1282:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1258:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1234:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1185:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1161:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1137:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1113:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1089:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1065:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1041:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1017:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1003:
993:
986:
982:
980:
979:
969:
962:
958:
956:
955:
945:
937:
933:
931:
930:
920:
913:
909:
907:
906:
896:
888:
884:
882:
881:
871:
864:
860:
858:
857:
847:
839:
835:
833:
832:
822:
814:
810:
808:
807:
797:
789:
785:
783:
782:
772:
764:
760:
758:
757:
747:
739:
735:
733:
732:
722:
715:
711:
709:
708:
698:
690:
686:
684:
683:
664:
663:
608:Orthodox Judaism
581:
575:
569:
470:that is neither
443:Robert C. Fuller
402:is a variant of
390:Secular paganism
374:Secular humanism
339:existence of God
333:, also known as
238:Anti-clericalism
180:Agnostic atheism
136:
122:
9375:
9374:
9370:
9369:
9368:
9366:
9365:
9364:
9350:
9349:
9348:
9343:
9307:
9234:
9215:Solomon Islands
9151:
9023:
8927:North Macedonia
8768:
8493:
8206:
8187:
8148:Mass gatherings
8116:
8111:
8104:
8043:
8038:
8029:
7968:Religiocentrism
7948:National church
7816:
7813:
7805:
7720:
7713:
7650:
7572:Bodies of water
7364:
7349:
7134:Jamaican Maroon
6916:
6891:
6828:
6658:
6651:
6522:
6520:
6509:
6474:
6448:Trinidad Orisha
6233:
6226:
6199:
6192:
6119:
6082:
5833:
5826:
5722:
5704:
5631:
5605:Srilankan Vedda
5556:
5484:
5359:Sri Vaishnavism
5322:
5284:
5256:
5214:
5121:
5095:
5062:
5021:
4975:
4900:Twelver Shi'ism
4842:
4704:Neo-charismatic
4677:Presbyterianism
4529:
4421:
4408:
4403:
4373:
4368:
4344:
4283:
4193:
4167:
4134:
4068:
4029:Parody religion
3990:
3985:
3955:
3943:
3933:
3931:
3923:
3905:program in the
3896:
3891:
3885:
3863:Zuckerman, Phil
3859:Zuckerman, Phil
3851:
3829:Zuckerman, Phil
3821:
3809:, eds. (2010).
3803:Warner, Michael
3787:
3758:
3749:
3733:Taylor, Charles
3725:
3700:
3698:
3683:
3642:
3607:Wayback Machine
3591:
3572:
3545:
3526:
3504:Zuckerman, Phil
3499:
3491:
3477:Zuckerman, Phil
3460:
3421:
3402:
3378:
3376:
3338:
3333:
3332:
3317:10.2307/3511506
3299:
3295:
3288:
3274:
3270:
3255:10.2307/1384629
3239:
3232:
3222:
3220:
3197:Foreign Affairs
3189:
3185:
3175:
3173:
3166:Foreign Affairs
3158:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3111:
3109:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3050:
3046:
3039:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2981:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2923:
2921:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2893:
2891:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2813:
2809:
2799:
2797:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2767:
2753:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2649:
2647:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2584:on 23 July 2011
2581:
2570:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2433:
2429:
2414:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2335:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2299:
2298:
2289:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2190:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2085:
2068:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2042:by introducing
2033:
2021:
2017:
2010:
1990:
1961:
1938:
1936:
1929:47,040 – 67,620
1914:
1912:
1890:
1888:
1866:
1864:
1842:
1840:
1818:
1816:
1794:
1792:
1770:
1768:
1746:
1744:
1722:
1720:
1698:
1696:
1674:
1672:
1650:
1648:
1626:
1624:
1602:
1600:
1578:
1576:
1554:
1552:
1530:
1528:
1506:
1504:
1482:
1480:
1458:
1456:
1434:
1432:
1410:
1408:
1386:
1384:
1362:
1360:
1338:
1336:
1314:
1312:
1290:
1288:
1266:
1264:
1242:
1240:
1218:
1216:
1193:
1191:
1169:
1167:
1145:
1143:
1121:
1119:
1097:
1095:
1073:
1071:
1049:
1047:
1025:
1023:
1001:
999:
977:
975:
953:
951:
928:
926:
904:
902:
879:
877:
855:
853:
830:
828:
805:
803:
780:
778:
755:
753:
730:
728:
706:
704:
681:
679:
655:
543:Lutheran Church
525:
519:
485:
176:
143:
95:
39:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9373:
9363:
9362:
9345:
9344:
9342:
9341:
9331:
9320:
9317:
9316:
9313:
9312:
9309:
9308:
9306:
9305:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9260:
9255:
9250:
9244:
9242:
9236:
9235:
9233:
9232:
9227:
9222:
9217:
9212:
9207:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9187:
9182:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9161:
9159:
9153:
9152:
9150:
9149:
9144:
9139:
9134:
9129:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9033:
9031:
9025:
9024:
9022:
9021:
9020:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8997:United Kingdom
8994:
8989:
8984:
8979:
8974:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8944:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8919:
8914:
8909:
8904:
8899:
8894:
8889:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8849:
8844:
8839:
8834:
8829:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8809:
8804:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8778:
8776:
8770:
8769:
8767:
8766:
8761:
8756:
8751:
8746:
8741:
8736:
8731:
8726:
8721:
8716:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8691:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8625:
8624:
8619:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8503:
8501:
8495:
8494:
8492:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8220:
8218:
8208:
8207:
8197:
8196:
8193:
8192:
8189:
8188:
8186:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
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8090:Secularization
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8742:
8740:
8737:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8614:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8504:
8502:
8500:
8496:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8339:Guinea-Bissau
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8221:
8219:
8217:
8213:
8209:
8202:
8198:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8163:Organizations
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8107:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8026:
8023:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8005:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7993:Vegetarianism
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7938:Homosexuality
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7898:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7861:
7860:
7857:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7839:
7838:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7808:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7785:
7782:
7781:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7759:Neurotheology
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7726:
7724:
7722:
7716:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7661:
7659:
7657:
7653:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7631:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7569:
7568:
7565:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7547:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7480:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7453:Folk religion
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7381:
7378:
7377:
7375:
7371:
7367:
7360:
7356:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7295:
7294:
7291:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7276:Imperial cult
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7263:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7236:
7235:
7232:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7219:
7218:
7215:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7192:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7179:
7176:
7175:
7174:
7171:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7158:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7145:
7142:
7141:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7074:
7073:
7070:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7047:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7034:
7031:
7030:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7012:
7009:
7008:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6981:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6954:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6931:
6928:
6927:
6926:
6923:
6922:
6919:
6915:
6910:
6906:
6886:
6883:
6882:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6845:Discordianism
6843:
6841:
6840:Anthroposophy
6838:
6837:
6835:
6831:
6823:
6822:
6818:
6817:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6788:Mari religion
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6770:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6722:
6719:
6718:
6717:
6714:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6697:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6684:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6671:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6660:
6654:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6625:Neo-Theosophy
6623:
6622:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6594:
6591:
6590:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6563:New Acropolis
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6535:
6533:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6516:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6481:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6383:
6382:
6379:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6371:
6370:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6235:
6229:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6208:North African
6206:
6203:
6201:
6195:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6126:
6122:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6093:
6089:
6085:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6001:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5983:
5980:
5979:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5972:Kwakwakaʼwakw
5970:
5968:
5965:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5937:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5835:
5829:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5801:
5798:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5711:
5710:Austroasiatic
5707:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5689:
5686:
5682:
5681:Vattisen Yaly
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5642:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5600:Kirat Mundhum
5598:
5596:
5593:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5553:
5552:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5481:
5480:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5329:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5287:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5132:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4959:Milah Abraham
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4615:Protestantism
4613:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4400:
4395:
4393:
4388:
4386:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4289:Organizations
4286:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4044:Secular state
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3982:
3977:
3975:
3970:
3968:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3940:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3897:
3886:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3738:A Secular Age
3734:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3647:
3643:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3627:
3621:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3596:
3592:
3590:9780226412337
3586:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3386:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3340:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3297:
3289:
3287:0-19-506985-4
3283:
3279:
3272:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3237:
3235:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3048:
3040:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3004:
2997:
2991:
2980:
2973:
2967:
2948:
2941:
2935:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2856:(3): 224–43.
2855:
2851:
2844:
2836:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2820:
2811:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2776:
2768:
2762:
2758:
2751:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2629:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2543:
2536:
2530:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2438:
2431:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2413:0-7619-8956-0
2409:
2405:
2401:
2394:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2358:
2350:
2348:9789004317536
2344:
2340:
2333:
2331:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2284:
2278:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2228:
2221:
2215:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2186:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2063:
2055:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2029:single source
2025:This section
2023:
2014:
2013:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1861:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1789:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1765:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1597:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1261:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1009:
996:
990:
988:
985:
972:
966:
964:
961:
948:
942:
939:
936:
935:United States
923:
917:
915:
912:
899:
893:
890:
887:
874:
868:
866:
863:
850:
844:
841:
838:
825:
819:
816:
813:
800:
794:
791:
788:
775:
769:
766:
763:
750:
744:
741:
738:
725:
719:
717:
714:
701:
695:
692:
689:
676:
672:
669:
666:
665:
662:
658:
653:By population
650:
648:
644:
639:
635:
632:
627:
625:
619:
617:
613:
612:American Jews
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
576:in Japanese,
574:
568:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
544:
539:
533:
529:
524:
514:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
492:
490:
477:
473:
469:
465:
462:
459:
455:
451:
448:
444:
440:
436:
433:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
398:
395:
391:
388:
385:
382:is a form of
381:
378:
375:
372:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
346:
343:
340:
336:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
316:
315:Supreme Being
312:
311:natural world
308:
304:
301:
297:
293:
292:rationalistic
289:
285:
282:
279:
275:
271:
268:
265:
261:
258:
255:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
229:
225:
221:
218:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
196:
193:
189:
185:
181:
178:
177:
171:
168:
167:
162:
161:
156:
152:
148:
138:
135:
130:
126:
121:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
90:
88:
82:
80:
76:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
8744:Turkmenistan
8704:Saudi Arabia
8449:South Africa
8439:Sierra Leone
8244:Burkina Faso
8153:Names of God
8100:Unaffiliated
8055:Antireligion
8040:
7916:Universalism
7864:Assimilation
7729:Anthropology
7604:Supernatural
7599:Spirituality
7567:Sacred space
7555:Purification
7428:Denomination
7382: /
7190:Paleo-Balkan
7156:Mesopotamian
6996:Cook Islands
6967:Old Prussian
6880:UFO religion
6819:
6815:Zalmoxianism
6743:Neoshamanism
6600:Spiritualism
6483:Other ethnic
6372:
6198:Traditional
6158:Bongthingism
6056:Acoma Pueblo
5999:Mesoamerican
5728:Austronesian
5549:
5545:Neo-Buddhism
5477:
5473:Neo-Hinduism
5394:Swaminarayan
5232:
5181:Salvationist
5166:Confucianism
5017:Samaritanism
4987:Ali-Illahism
4968:
4835:
4829:Unitarianism
4770:Old Catholic
4577:Nestorianism
4535:Christianity
4522:
4488:Conservative
4326:Humanists UK
4276:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4081:Demographics
4004:Antireligion
3995:
3987:
3917:Rachel Nuwer
3900:
3866:
3832:
3810:
3772:
3737:
3714:
3699:. Retrieved
3654:
3625:
3598:
3580:
3553:
3534:
3507:
3480:
3433:
3410:
3390:
3377:. Retrieved
3352:
3348:
3336:Bibliography
3308:
3302:
3296:
3277:
3271:
3246:
3242:
3223:20 September
3221:. Retrieved
3196:
3186:
3176:20 September
3174:. Retrieved
3165:
3136:. Retrieved
3122:
3110:. Retrieved
3101:
3092:
3079:
3070:
3057:
3047:
3028:
3022:
3010:. Retrieved
3003:the original
2990:
2979:the original
2966:
2954:. Retrieved
2947:the original
2934:
2922:. Retrieved
2913:
2904:
2892:. Retrieved
2878:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2818:
2810:
2798:. Retrieved
2784:
2775:
2756:
2750:
2738:. Retrieved
2729:
2720:
2708:. Retrieved
2699:
2690:
2678:. Retrieved
2669:
2660:
2648:. Retrieved
2639:
2628:
2616:. Retrieved
2612:the original
2607:
2598:
2586:. Retrieved
2579:the original
2574:
2561:
2549:. Retrieved
2529:
2521:the original
2516:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2481:
2473:
2464:
2441:
2437:"irreligion"
2430:
2403:
2400:"Irreligion"
2393:
2381:. Retrieved
2366:
2357:
2338:
2317:. Retrieved
2304:
2282:
2277:
2265:. Retrieved
2256:
2246:
2234:. Retrieved
2227:the original
2214:
2202:. Retrieved
2172:. Retrieved
2153:
2094:Antireligion
2077:
2073:
2058:
2049:
2026:
1991:
1981:Pippa Norris
1962:
1486:
693:700,680,000
659:
656:
642:
640:
636:
628:
620:
600:Muslim world
570:in Chinese,
560:, where the
547:
540:
537:
517:Demographics
504:
493:
486:
483:Human rights
453:
349:transcendent
334:
244:Antireligion
231:
227:
210:supernatural
164:
158:
150:
144:
124:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
96:
83:
72:
43:
42:
40:
9195:New Zealand
9132:Saint Lucia
9082:El Salvador
8987:Switzerland
8922:Netherlands
8694:Philippines
8622:South Korea
8617:North Korea
8507:Afghanistan
8454:South Sudan
8344:Ivory Coast
8128:Deification
8075:Objectivism
8050:Agnosticism
8008:Persecution
7998:Video games
7963:Populations
7874:Proselytism
7842:Monasticism
7833:Clericalism
7823:Agriculture
7814:and society
7779:Soteriology
7739:Comparative
7709:Transtheism
7694:Panentheism
7478:Monasticism
7271:Gallo-Roman
7173:Micronesian
7139:Manichaeism
7087:Hermeticism
7055:Continental
7050:Anglo-Saxon
6930:Paleolithic
6925:Prehistoric
6875:Scientology
6738:Italo-Roman
6593:Radha Soami
6573:New Thought
6413:Espiritismo
6354:Waaqeffanna
6294:Fon and Ewe
6232:Sub-Saharan
6115:Satsana Phi
5911:Ghost Dance
5869:Californian
5847:Anishinaabe
5778:Karo Pemena
5757:Indonesian
5431:Lingayatism
5379:Mahanubhava
5349:Vaishnavism
5280:Jeungsanism
5203:Folk Taoism
5186:Xiantiandao
5040:Zoroastrian
4699:Charismatic
4694:Pentecostal
4657:Anglicanism
4608:Waldensians
4543:Catholicism
4140:Agnosticism
4019:Freethought
3012:27 February
2759:. Praeger.
2726:"Statistik"
2363:"Irreligie"
2267:28 February
2236:27 February
2204:18 December
2139:Transtheism
2129:Post-theism
1950:15,410,000
1537:New Zealand
1489:Switzerland
1205:17,350,000
1200:North Korea
960:Netherlands
940:50,980,000
891:22,350,000
886:South Korea
842:17,580,000
817:20,350,000
792:23,180,000
767:26,040,000
742:72,120,000
721:102,870,000
670:Pew (2012)
647:Gallup poll
579:mu jong-gyo
567:wú zōngjiào
464:Transtheism
458:ignosticism
432:religiosity
400:Post-theism
361:New Atheism
331:Ignosticism
325:Freethought
307:observation
222:or alatry (
198:Agnosticism
188:agnosticism
87:the secular
64:rationalism
56:agnosticism
9360:Irreligion
9185:Micronesia
9062:Costa Rica
8957:San Marino
8917:Montenegro
8897:Luxembourg
8754:Uzbekistan
8729:Tajikistan
8634:Kyrgyzstan
8607:Kazakhstan
8557:East Timor
8527:Bangladesh
8517:Azerbaijan
8434:Seychelles
8399:Mozambique
8384:Mauritania
8369:Madagascar
8259:Cape Verde
8041:irreligion
8036:Secularism
7943:Minorities
7911:Toleration
7906:Syncretism
7891:Fanaticism
7881:Disability
7869:Missionary
7859:Conversion
7847:Ordination
7769:Psychology
7764:Philosophy
7704:Polytheism
7684:Monotheism
7679:Henotheism
7520:Orthopraxy
7510:Ordination
7473:Meditation
7468:Indigenous
7433:Entheogens
7418:Conversion
7244:Pueblo III
7161:Babylonian
7151:Melanesian
7077:Gnosticism
6962:Lithuanian
6855:Fourth Way
6709:Circassian
6687:Dievturība
6610:Tensegrity
6543:Falun Gong
6188:Sanamahism
6168:Donyi-Polo
5800:Polynesian
5746:Kaharingan
5671:Burkhanism
5610:Ravidassia
5588:Śvetāmbara
5374:Pushtimarg
5354:Krishnaism
5290:Vietnamese
5275:Cheondoism
5208:Yao Taoism
5144:East Asian
4910:Isma'ilism
4866:Maturidism
4645:Mennonites
4640:Hutterites
4625:Anabaptism
4518:Humanistic
4131:Antitheism
4054:Secularity
4049:Secularism
3996:Irreligion
3988:Irreligion
3939:Philosophy
3597:Lois Lee,
2956:13 January
2710:28 October
2458:required.)
2383:29 January
2145:References
1825:Kyrgyzstan
1369:Kazakhstan
771:66,978,900
641:The term "
594:and other
550:secularity
428:Secularism
416:antitheism
384:liberalism
370:religions.
355:Naturalism
296:revelation
270:Antitheism
214:unknowable
141:Definition
125:irreligion
120:irréligion
115:irrelevant
99:irreligion
68:secularism
60:skepticism
44:Irreligion
36:Secularism
32:Secularity
9303:Venezuela
9248:Argentina
9165:Australia
9117:Nicaragua
9092:Guatemala
8892:Lithuania
8714:Sri Lanka
8709:Singapore
8689:Palestine
8577:Indonesia
8567:Hong Kong
8389:Mauritius
8110:Overviews
8065:Criticism
8013:Terrorism
7988:Theocracy
7933:Happiness
7901:Pluralism
7886:Education
7812:Religion
7784:Salvation
7774:Sociology
7719:Religious
7699:Pantheism
7689:Nontheism
7582:Mountains
7560:Sacrifice
7515:Orthodoxy
7505:Mythology
7500:Mysticism
7389:Behaviour
7298:Canaanite
7281:Mithraism
7249:Pueblo IV
7239:Pueblo II
7144:Mazdakism
7119:Hungarian
7092:Mysteries
7001:Dravidian
6783:Hungarian
6699:Caucasian
6670:Godianism
6630:Agni Yoga
6620:Theosophy
6583:Rastafari
6558:Modekngei
6538:Brahmoism
6531:Syncretic
6523:movements
6521:religious
6433:Quimbanda
6381:Candomblé
6374:Diasporic
6153:Bathouism
6143:Benzhuism
6068:Tsimshian
6019:Purépecha
5940:Longhouse
5915:Sun Dance
5864:Blackfoot
5783:Malaysian
5773:Kapitayan
5583:Digambara
5568:Ayyavazhi
5533:Vajrayana
5498:Theravada
5411:Ganapatya
5384:Ramanandi
5313:Hoahaoism
5191:Yiguandao
5086:Yarsanism
5081:Shabakism
5068:Yazdânism
5058:Zurvanism
5053:Mazdaznan
5012:Rastafari
5007:Mandaeism
4881:Wahhabism
4861:Ash'arism
4824:Tolstoyan
4814:Spiritual
4804:Mormonism
4775:Judaizers
4748:Quakerism
4726:Methodist
4716:Irvingism
4667:Calvinism
4620:Adventism
4603:Moravians
4440:Abrahamic
4189:Humanists
4184:Agnostics
4163:Apatheism
4106:Criticism
3691:1874-6691
3468:1874-6691
3394:. Brill.
3369:149580199
3102:PDF Drive
2124:Pantheism
2052:July 2022
2044:citations
2036:talk page
2008:1981–2019
1994:US census
1973:Max Weber
1969:Karl Marx
1705:Lithuania
1657:Singapore
1393:Argentina
1353:1,703,680
1329:1,752,870
1209:3,404,700
1104:Australia
1064:5,240,000
1056:Hong Kong
1040:5,460,000
919:9,546,400
598:. In the
573:mu shūkyō
476:atheistic
404:nontheism
300:empirical
250:Apatheism
204:, of the
134:irreligie
97:The term
93:Etymology
48:religious
9354:Category
9329:Category
9293:Suriname
9283:Paraguay
9268:Colombia
9175:Kiribati
9102:Honduras
9072:Dominica
9047:Barbados
9012:Scotland
8972:Slovenia
8967:Slovakia
8942:Portugal
8812:Bulgaria
8734:Thailand
8684:Pakistan
8664:Mongolia
8659:Maldives
8654:Malaysia
8542:Cambodia
8489:Zimbabwe
8464:Tanzania
8314:Ethiopia
8309:Eswatini
8289:Djibouti
8254:Cameroon
8239:Botswana
8183:Timeline
8178:Scholars
8138:Founders
8003:Violence
7958:Politics
7828:Business
7791:Theology
7535:Prophecy
7525:Paganism
7413:Covenant
7380:Apostasy
7315:Scythian
7256:Rapa Nui
7210:Thracian
7205:Illyrian
7195:Albanian
7166:Sumerian
7109:Harappan
7045:Germanic
7040:Georgian
7033:Selk'nam
7018:Etruscan
7006:Egyptian
6984:Druidism
6947:Armenian
6870:Satanism
6850:Eckankar
6773:Estonian
6758:Romanian
6748:Ossetian
6728:Germanic
6677:Armenian
6666:African
6659:paganism
6588:Sant Mat
6578:Rajneesh
6553:Meivazhi
6548:Japanese
6505:Siberian
6438:Santería
6408:Convince
6274:Bushongo
6178:Kiratism
6105:Hmongism
5982:Wocekiye
5967:Jivaroan
5935:Iroquois
5930:Ho-Chunk
5891:Cherokee
5834:American
5805:Hawaiian
5718:Sarnaism
5688:Tungusic
5676:Tengrism
5666:Mongolic
5595:Sarnaism
5526:Nichiren
5503:Mahayana
5490:Buddhism
5468:Sant Mat
5458:Sauraism
5453:Smartism
5448:Shaktism
5441:Balinese
5426:Kaumaram
5421:Kapalika
5416:Kashmiri
5401:Shaivism
5341:Hinduism
5308:Caodaism
5252:Ryukyuan
5247:Tenrikyo
5242:Shugendō
5220:Japanese
5091:Yazidism
5076:Ishikism
4954:Quranism
4927:Khawarij
4876:Salafism
4871:Atharism
4760:Esoteric
4731:Holiness
4721:Lutheran
4682:Reformed
4662:Baptists
4635:Brethren
4599:Hussites
4587:Assyrian
4503:Haymanot
4457:Orthodox
4406:Religion
4179:Atheists
4086:Religion
3951:Religion
3763:(2011).
3735:(2007).
3713:(2014).
3695:Archived
3612:Religion
3603:Archived
3373:Archived
3217:Archived
3213:20034150
3170:Archived
3138:27 April
3132:Archived
3112:27 April
3106:Archived
3084:Archived
3062:Archived
2918:Archived
2888:Archived
2870:88509159
2794:Archived
2740:13 April
2734:Archived
2704:Archived
2680:27 April
2674:Archived
2644:Archived
2542:Archived
2422:37361790
2377:Archived
2375:. 2007.
2313:Archived
2261:Archived
2198:Archived
2174:14 April
2168:Archived
2099:Apostasy
2083:See also
1897:Mongolia
1753:Portugal
1681:Slovakia
1585:Slovenia
1249:Bulgaria
667:Country
661:people.
588:Buddhism
472:theistic
394:paganism
351:reality.
335:igtheism
220:Alatrism
155:religion
147:religion
105:and the
103:religion
9298:Uruguay
9273:Ecuador
9253:Bolivia
9230:Vanuatu
9157:Oceania
9107:Jamaica
9087:Grenada
9042:Bahamas
9002:England
8992:Ukraine
8947:Romania
8907:Moldova
8867:Ireland
8862:Iceland
8857:Hungary
8847:Germany
8837:Finland
8832:Estonia
8827:Denmark
8822:Czechia
8817:Croatia
8802:Belgium
8797:Belarus
8792:Austria
8787:Andorra
8782:Albania
8759:Vietnam
8669:Myanmar
8644:Lebanon
8562:Georgia
8522:Bahrain
8512:Armenia
8474:Tunisia
8444:Somalia
8429:Senegal
8414:Nigeria
8404:Namibia
8394:Morocco
8359:Liberia
8354:Lesotho
8304:Eritrea
8274:Comoros
8249:Burundi
8224:Algeria
8168:Outline
8133:Deities
8060:Atheism
7978:Science
7896:Freedom
7754:History
7721:studies
7674:Dualism
7664:Animism
7629:Worship
7609:Symbols
7550:Liturgy
7463:Goddess
7423:Deities
7404:Laicism
7394:Beliefs
7373:Aspects
7345:Zapotec
7340:Vainakh
7308:Yahwism
7293:Semitic
7222:Iranian
7124:Hurrian
7114:Hittite
7104:Guanche
7097:Orphism
7028:Fuegian
7023:Finnish
7011:Atenism
6957:Latvian
6942:Arabian
6885:Raëlism
6865:Jediism
6860:Goddess
6833:De novo
6721:Druidry
6615:Thelema
6568:New Age
6453:Umbanda
6344:Tumbuka
6329:Odinala
6314:Lugbara
6234:African
6200:African
6148:Bimoism
6138:Burmese
5994:Mapuche
5960:Wyandot
5920:Guarani
5901:Choctaw
5896:Chilote
5842:Abenaki
5793:Tagalog
5766:Kejawèn
5615:Sikhism
5578:Jainism
5538:Tibetan
5521:Amidism
5389:Warkari
5303:Đạo Mẫu
5153:Chinese
5135:Eastern
5112:Roshani
5031:Iranian
4939:Alevism
4932:Ibadism
4905:Zaydism
4582:Ancient
4553:Eastern
4513:Renewal
4498:Karaite
4479:Zionist
4467:Hasidic
4449:Judaism
4431:Western
4091:History
4074:Atheism
3925:Portals
3479:(ed.).
3432:(ed.).
3379:8 April
3325:3511506
3263:1384629
2894:29 June
2588:3 March
2551:3 March
2319:15 July
2119:Laїcité
2114:Infidel
2089:Atheism
1921:Iceland
1905:247,590
1881:283,600
1873:Albania
1857:314,790
1849:Croatia
1833:355,670
1809:407,880
1801:Uruguay
1785:118,740
1777:Armenia
1713:469,040
1665:566,020
1641:618,380
1617:657,580
1609:Estonia
1569:791,630
1441:Finland
1417:Austria
1321:Belarus
1273:Denmark
1225:Hungary
1128:Belgium
911:Ukraine
812:Germany
762:Vietnam
604:secular
412:atheism
345:Ietsism
317:as the
309:of the
286:is the
260:Atheism
208:or the
184:atheism
52:atheism
28:Atheism
9339:Portal
9278:Guyana
9258:Brazil
9225:Tuvalu
9122:Panama
9112:Mexico
9057:Canada
9052:Belize
8982:Sweden
8962:Serbia
8952:Russia
8937:Poland
8932:Norway
8912:Monaco
8882:Latvia
8877:Kosovo
8852:Greece
8842:France
8774:Europe
8739:Turkey
8724:Taiwan
8629:Kuwait
8602:Jordan
8592:Israel
8552:Cyprus
8537:Brunei
8532:Bhutan
8484:Zambia
8479:Uganda
8419:Rwanda
8374:Malawi
8334:Guinea
8324:Gambia
8229:Angola
8216:Africa
8025:Wealth
7973:Schism
7928:Growth
7852:Priest
7837:Clergy
7656:Theism
7639:Nature
7634:Astral
7577:Groves
7545:Ritual
7530:Prayer
7488:Novice
7438:Ethnic
7363:Topics
7335:Urartu
7330:Tongan
7325:Somali
7320:Slavic
7200:Dacian
6979:Celtic
6974:Basque
6952:Baltic
6803:Udmurt
6768:Uralic
6763:Slavic
6716:Celtic
6704:Abkhaz
6692:Romuva
6682:Baltic
6657:Modern
6500:Papuan
6463:Voodoo
6418:Kumina
6359:Yoruba
6349:Urhobo
6319:Maasai
6304:Lotuko
6252:Baluba
6242:Akamba
6215:Berber
6173:Heraka
6163:Dongba
6051:Pueblo
6046:Pawnee
6036:Navajo
6026:Muisca
5989:Lenape
5977:Lakota
5955:Seneca
5945:Mohawk
5879:Ohlone
5859:Apache
5852:Ojibwe
5832:Native
5698:Manchu
5693:Evenki
5654:Altaic
5645:Ethnic
5620:Khalsa
5573:Kalash
5463:Śrauta
5332:Indian
5262:Korean
5228:Shinto
5198:Taoism
5171:Luoism
4997:Baháʼí
4992:Bábism
4944:Ahmadi
4922:Sufism
4915:Alawis
4565:Church
4493:Reform
4474:Modern
4462:Haredi
4172:People
4148:Strong
3881:
3847:
3817:
3793:
3783:
3761:
3757:
3745:
3721:
3701:29 May
3689:
3679:
3659:Leiden
3638:
3587:
3568:
3541:
3522:
3498:
3487:
3466:
3456:
3438:Leiden
3417:
3398:
3367:
3323:
3284:
3261:
3211:
3058:Gallup
3035:
2924:2 June
2868:
2831:
2800:18 May
2763:
2650:24 May
2618:9 June
2420:
2410:
2345:
1945:Brazil
1942:
1918:
1894:
1870:
1846:
1822:
1798:
1774:
1750:
1729:Latvia
1726:
1702:
1678:
1654:
1630:
1606:
1582:
1558:
1534:
1513:Israel
1510:
1465:Norway
1462:
1438:
1414:
1390:
1366:
1345:Greece
1342:
1318:
1297:Turkey
1294:
1270:
1246:
1222:
1197:
1173:
1152:Sweden
1149:
1125:
1101:
1077:
1053:
1032:Taiwan
1029:
1005:
984:Canada
981:
957:
932:
908:
883:
859:
837:France
834:
809:
787:Russia
784:
759:
734:
710:
685:
592:Shinto
584:Korean
534:, 2010
446:group.
408:theism
303:reason
274:theism
254:apathy
206:divine
66:, and
9263:Chile
9220:Tonga
9210:Samoa
9200:Palau
9190:Nauru
9097:Haiti
9017:Wales
8977:Spain
8902:Malta
8872:Italy
8764:Yemen
8719:Syria
8699:Qatar
8674:Nepal
8649:Macau
8612:Korea
8597:Japan
8572:India
8547:China
8459:Sudan
8409:Niger
8364:Libya
8349:Kenya
8329:Ghana
8319:Gabon
8294:Egypt
8234:Benin
8143:Index
8114:lists
7983:State
7801:Women
7669:Deism
7644:Place
7624:Water
7619:Truth
7587:Trees
7443:Faith
7408:Laity
7303:Punic
7261:Roman
7227:Vedic
7185:Olmec
7072:Greek
7065:Norse
6989:Irish
6810:Wicca
6605:Subud
6495:Inuit
6468:Winti
6458:Vodou
6423:Obeah
6403:Comfa
6386:Bantu
6339:Serer
6324:Mbuti
6284:Dogon
6279:Dinka
6262:Kongo
6257:Bantu
6183:Qiang
6014:Olmec
6004:Aztec
5925:Haida
5874:Miwok
5810:Māori
5741:Dayak
5662:Turko
5625:Sects
5561:Other
5516:Thiền
5100:Other
5002:Druze
4980:Other
4856:Sunni
4848:Islam
4630:Amish
4548:Latin
4199:Books
4096:State
3791:JSTOR
3777:34–59
3767:. In
3634:–74.
3365:S2CID
3321:JSTOR
3259:JSTOR
3209:JSTOR
3006:(PDF)
2999:(PDF)
2982:(PDF)
2975:(PDF)
2950:(PDF)
2943:(PDF)
2866:S2CID
2638:[
2582:(PDF)
2571:(PDF)
2545:(PDF)
2538:(PDF)
2452:
2230:(PDF)
2223:(PDF)
1176:Italy
1008:Spain
737:Japan
713:India
688:China
643:nones
284:Deism
278:deity
224:Greek
192:deity
174:Types
129:Dutch
34:, or
9288:Peru
9170:Fiji
9067:Cuba
8679:Oman
8639:Laos
8587:Iraq
8582:Iran
8499:Asia
8469:Togo
8379:Mali
8269:Chad
8112:and
8039:and
7614:Text
7594:Soul
7483:Monk
7448:Fire
7129:Inca
6937:Ainu
6821:list
6798:Sámi
6428:Palo
6396:Ketu
6391:Jejé
6309:Lozi
6289:Efik
6267:Zulu
6247:Akan
6100:Ahom
6092:Miao
6090:and
6078:Zuni
6061:Hopi
6009:Maya
5906:Crow
5884:Pomo
5551:list
5508:Chan
5479:list
5436:Nath
5234:list
4970:list
4895:Shia
4837:list
4524:list
4153:Weak
3899:The
3879:ISBN
3845:ISBN
3815:ISBN
3781:ISBN
3743:ISBN
3719:ISBN
3703:2021
3687:ISSN
3677:ISBN
3636:ISBN
3585:ISBN
3566:ISBN
3539:ISBN
3520:ISBN
3485:ISBN
3464:ISSN
3454:ISBN
3415:ISBN
3396:ISBN
3381:2021
3282:ISBN
3225:2020
3178:2020
3140:2022
3114:2022
3033:ISBN
3014:2018
2958:2015
2926:2018
2896:2015
2829:ISBN
2802:2015
2761:ISBN
2742:2020
2712:2022
2700:ARDA
2682:2020
2652:2021
2620:2013
2590:2009
2553:2009
2418:OCLC
2408:ISBN
2385:2019
2343:ISBN
2321:2024
2269:2021
2238:2018
2206:2012
2176:2024
1561:Cuba
558:West
474:nor
410:vs.
305:and
290:and
230:- +
186:and
8018:War
7493:Nun
7458:God
6519:New
6364:Ifá
6334:San
6133:Bon
6088:Tai
6073:Ute
5512:Zen
5176:Nuo
4101:New
3871:doi
3837:doi
3759:———
3667:doi
3558:doi
3512:doi
3500:———
3446:doi
3357:doi
3313:doi
3251:doi
3201:doi
2858:doi
1975:to
1971:to
582:in
454:God
131:as
111:in-
107:ir-
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6299:Ik
6110:Mo
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3215:.
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2440:.
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