1233:. Of these, eight were 352 pages long, while the last one in each group was shorter to end at the letter break (which eventually became a volume break). At this point, it was decided to publish the work in smaller and more frequent instalments; once every three months beginning in 1895 there would be a fascicle of 64 pages, priced at 2s 6d. If enough material was ready, 128 or even 192 pages would be published together. This pace was maintained until World War I forced reductions in staff. Each time enough consecutive pages were available, the same material was also published in the original larger fascicles. Also in 1895, the title
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124:
2002:
computerized searching, more etymological information, and a general change of focus away from individual words towards more general coverage of the language as a whole. While the original text drew its quotations mainly from literary sources such as novels, plays, and poetry, with additional material from newspapers and academic journals, the new edition will reference more kinds of material that were unavailable to the editors of previous editions, such as wills, inventories, account books, diaries, journals, and letters.
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1377:, including North America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, and the Caribbean. Burchfield also removed, for unknown reasons, many entries that had been added to the 1933 supplement. In 2012, an analysis by lexicographer Sarah Ogilvie revealed that many of these entries were in fact foreign loanwords, despite Burchfield's claim that he included more such words. The proportion was estimated from a sample calculation to amount to 17% of the foreign
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7918:
1000:
2148:). The format was re-sized to one-third of original linear dimensions, a nine-up ("9-up") format requiring a stronger magnifying glass (included), but allowing publication of a single-volume dictionary. This version include definitions of 500,000 words, in 290,000 main entries, with 137,000 pronunciations, 249,300 etymologies, 577,000 cross-references, and 2,412,000 illustrative quotations. It is accompanied
45:
783:, who were dissatisfied with the existing English dictionaries. The society expressed interest in compiling a new dictionary as early as 1844, but it was not until June 1857 that they began by forming an "Unregistered Words Committee" to search for words that were unlisted or poorly defined in current dictionaries. In November, Trench's report was not a list of unregistered words; instead, it was the study
902:, who accepted the post of editor. In the late 1870s, Furnivall and Murray met with several publishers about publishing the dictionary. In 1878, Oxford University Press agreed with Murray to proceed with the massive project; the agreement was formalized the following year. 20 years after its conception, the dictionary project finally had a publisher. It would take another 50 years to complete.
1859:
many definitions contained disproven scientific theories, outdated historical information, and moral values that were no longer widely accepted. Furthermore, the supplements had failed to recognize many words in the existing volumes as obsolete by the time of the second edition's publication, meaning that thousands of words were marked as current despite no recent evidence of their use.
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1022:" which was lined with wooden planks, bookshelves, and 1,029 pigeon-holes for the quotation slips. He tracked and regathered Furnivall's collection of quotation slips, which were found to concentrate on rare, interesting words rather than common usages. For instance, there were ten times as many quotations for
887:
Furnivall recruited more than 800 volunteers to read these texts and record quotations. While enthusiastic, the volunteers were not well trained and often made inconsistent and arbitrary selections. Ultimately, Furnivall handed over nearly two tons of quotation slips and other materials to his successor.
1882:
and new computer technology in general meant that the processes of researching the dictionary and of publishing new and revised entries could be vastly improved. New text search databases offered vastly more material for the editors of the dictionary to work with, and with publication on the Web as a
1280:
Additional material for a given letter range continued to be gathered after the corresponding fascicle was printed, with a view towards inclusion in a supplement or revised edition. A one-volume supplement of such material was published in 1933, with entries weighted towards the start of the alphabet
816:
The society ultimately realized that the number of unlisted words would be far more than the number of words in the
English dictionaries of the 19th century, and shifted their idea from covering only words that were not already in English dictionaries to a larger project. Trench suggested that a new,
821:
dictionary was needed. On 7 January 1858, the society formally adopted the idea of a comprehensive new dictionary. Volunteer readers would be assigned particular books, copying passages illustrating word usage onto quotation slips. Later the same year, the society agreed to the project in principle,
187:
In 1988, the first electronic version of the dictionary was made available, and the online version has been available since 2000. By April 2014, it was receiving over two million visits per month. The third edition of the dictionary is expected to be available exclusively in electronic form; the CEO
1870:
with the intention of producing a third edition from them. The previous supplements appeared in alphabetical instalments, whereas the new series had a full AâZ range of entries within each individual volume, with a complete alphabetical index at the end of all words revised so far, each listed with
1372:
Burchfield emphasized the inclusion of modern-day language and, through the supplement, the dictionary was expanded to include a wealth of new words from the burgeoning fields of science and technology, as well as popular culture and colloquial speech. Burchfield said that he broadened the scope to
183:
fully replaced the former name in all occurrences in its reprinting as 12 volumes with a one-volume supplement. More supplements came over the years until 1989, when the second edition was published, comprising 21,728 pages in 20 volumes. Since 2000, compilation of a third edition of the dictionary
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is not an arbiter of proper usage, despite its widespread reputation to the contrary" and that the dictionary "is intended to be descriptive, not prescriptive". The identification of "erroneous and catachrestic" usages is being removed from third edition entries, sometimes in favour of usage notes
1858:
as a whole, but it was recognized that most of the entries were still fundamentally unaltered from the first edition. Much of the information in the dictionary published in 1989 was already decades out of date, though the supplements had made good progress towards incorporating new vocabulary. Yet
2679:
However, despite its claims of authority, the dictionary has been criticized since the 1960s because of its scope, its claims to authority, its
British-centredness and relative neglect of World Englishes, its implied but unacknowledged focus on literary language and, above all, its influence. The
2037:-based system, lexicographers can spend less effort on presentation issues such as the numbering of definitions. This system has also simplified the use of the quotations database, and enabled staff in New York to work directly on the dictionary in the same way as their Oxford-based counterparts.
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in 1864 and the
Chaucer Society in 1868 to publish old manuscripts. Furnivall's preparatory efforts lasted 21 years and provided numerous texts for the use and enjoyment of the general public, as well as crucial sources for lexicographers, but they did not actually involve compiling a dictionary.
160:
publishing house. The dictionary, which published its first edition in 1884, traces the historical development of the
English language, providing a comprehensive resource to scholars and academic researchers, and provides ongoing descriptions of English language usage in its variations around the
1530:
By the time the new supplement was completed, it was clear that the full text of the dictionary would need to be computerized. Achieving this would require retyping it once, but thereafter it would always be accessible for computer searchingâas well as for whatever new editions of the dictionary
200:
features entries in which the earliest ascertainable recorded sense of a word, whether current or obsolete, is presented first, and each additional sense is presented in historical order according to the date of its earliest ascertainable recorded use. Following each definition are several brief
6015:
is not an arbiter of proper usage, despite its widespread reputation to the contrary. The
Dictionary is intended to be descriptive, not prescriptive. In other words, its content should be viewed as an objective reflection of English language usage, not a subjective collection of usage 'dos' and
2001:
The revision is expected roughly to double the dictionary in size. Apart from general updates to include information on new words and other changes in the language, the third edition brings many other improvements, including changes in formatting and stylistic conventions for easier reading and
1333:
There were three possible ways to update it. The cheapest would have been to leave the existing work alone and simply compile a new supplement of perhaps one or two volumes, but then anyone looking for a word or sense and unsure of its age would have to look in three different places. The most
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has been used to support research in fields such as linguistics, psycholinguistics, and psychology. Examples include the extension of word meanings via metaphor, the evolution of measurement terms like âfootâ from concrete to abstract meanings, and the identification of systematic patterns in
1654:
project had achieved its primary goals, and the editors, working online, had successfully combined the original text, Burchfield's supplement, and a small amount of newer material, into a single unified dictionary. The word "new" was again dropped from the name, and the second edition of the
1338:, with each change included in its proper alphabetical place; but this would have been the most expensive option, with perhaps 15 volumes required to be produced. The OUP chose a middle approach: combining the new material with the existing supplement to form a larger replacement supplement.
1091:
Murray resisted the second demand: that if he could not meet schedule, he must hire a second, senior editor to work in parallel to him, outside his supervision, on words from elsewhere in the alphabet. Murray did not want to share the work, feeling that he would accelerate his work pace with
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The price for an individual to use this edition is ÂŁ100 or US$ 100 a year; consequently, most subscribers are large organizations such as universities. Some public libraries and companies have also subscribed, including public libraries in the United
Kingdom, where access is funded by the
1993:
generally tended to be better than the earlier ones. However, in March 2008, the editors announced that they would alternate each quarter between moving forward in the alphabet as before and updating "key
English words from across the alphabet, along with the other words which make up the
2840:
s claims of authority have also been questioned by linguists such as Pius ten Hacken, who notes that the dictionary actively strives toward definitiveness and authority but can only achieve those goals in a limited sense, given the difficulties of defining the scope of what it includes.
1030:. He appealed, through newspapers distributed to bookshops and libraries, for readers who would report "as many quotations as you can for ordinary words" and for words that were "rare, obsolete, old-fashioned, new, peculiar or used in a peculiar way". Murray had American philologist and
201:
illustrating quotations presented in chronological order from the earliest ascertainable use of the word in that sense to the last ascertainable use for an obsolete sense, to indicate both its life span and the time since its desuetude, or to a relatively recent use for current ones.
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On 12 May 1860, Coleridge's dictionary plan was published and research was started. His house was the first editorial office. He arrayed 100,000 quotation slips in a 54 pigeon-hole grid. In April 1861, the group published the first sample pages; later that month, Coleridge died of
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is extremely difficult because "one is dealing not just with a dictionary but with a national institution", one that "has become, like the
English monarchy, virtually immune from criticism in principle". He further notes that neologisms from respected "literary" authors such as
1678:
was printed in 20 volumes. Up to a very late stage, all the volumes of the first edition were started on letter boundaries. For the second edition, there was no attempt to start them on letter boundaries, and they were made roughly equal in size. The 20 volumes started with
877:
Thereupon
Furnivall became editor; he was enthusiastic and knowledgeable, but temperamentally ill-suited for the work. Many volunteer readers eventually lost interest in the project, as Furnivall failed to keep them motivated. Furthermore, many of the slips were misplaced.
2221:. The text of the first edition was made available in 1987. Afterward, three versions of the second edition were issued. Version 1 (1992) was identical in content to the printed second edition, and the CD itself was not copy-protected. Version 2 (1999) included the
2195:
3794:
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Second edition on CD-ROM Version 4.0: Includes 500,000 words with 2.5 million source quotations, 7,000 new words and meanings. Includes
Vocabulary from OED 2nd Edition and all 3 Additions volumes. Supports Windows 2000-7 and Mac OS X 10.4â10.5). Flash-based
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Here's novelist Anthony Burgess calling it 'the greatest publishing event of the century'. It is to be marked by a half-day seminar and lunch at that bluest of blue-blood London hostelries, Claridge's. The guest list of 250 dignitaries is a literary 'Who's
2236:
and software improvements. Version 3.1.1 (2007) added support for hard disk installation, so that the user does not have to insert the CD to use the dictionary. It has been reported that this version will work on operating systems other than Windows, using
1114:, and public opinion backed the editors. Gell was fired, and the university reversed his cost policies. If the editors felt that the dictionary would have to grow larger, it would; it was an important work, and worth the time and money to properly finish.
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was originally conceived by F. G. Fowler and H. W. Fowler to be compressed, compact, and concise. Its primary source is the Oxford English Dictionary, and it is nominally an abridgement of the Concise Oxford Dictionary. It was first published in 1924.
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might be desired, starting with an integration of the supplementary volumes and the main text. Preparation for this process began in 1983, and editorial work started the following year under the administrative direction of Timothy J. Benbow, with
2719:
To Harris, this prescriptive classification of certain usages as "erroneous" and the complete omission of various forms and usages cumulatively represent the "social bias" of the (presumably well-educated and wealthy) compilers. However, the
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of each entry was no longer capitalized, allowing the user to readily see those words that actually require a capital letter. Murray had devised his own notation for pronunciation, there being no standard available at the time, whereas the
1329:
In 1933, Oxford had finally put the dictionary to rest; all work ended, and the quotation slips went into storage. However, the English language continued to change and, by the time 20 years had passed, the dictionary was outdated.
881:
Furnivall believed that, since many printed texts from earlier centuries were not readily available, it would be impossible for volunteers to efficiently locate the quotations that the dictionary needed. As a result, he founded the
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Gell continued harassing Murray and Bradley with his business concerns â containing costs and speeding production â to the point where the project's collapse seemed likely. Newspapers reported the harassment, particularly the
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The Oxford English Dictionary: Being a Corrected Re-issue with an Introduction, Supplement and Bibliography, of A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles: Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by the Philological
1883:
possibility, the editors could publish revised entries much more quickly and easily than ever before. A new approach was called for, and for this reason it was decided to embark on a new, complete revision of the dictionary.
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after killing a man in London. He invented his own quotation-tracking system, allowing him to submit slips on specific words in response to editors' requests. The story of how Murray and Minor worked together to advance the
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2241:. Version 4.0 of the CD was released in June 2009 and has applications for both Windows (7 and later) and MacOS X (10.4 and later). This version uses the CD drive for installation, running only from the hard drive.
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The OUP saw that it would take too long to complete the work with unrevised editorial arrangements. Accordingly, new assistants were hired and two new demands were made on Murray. The first was that he move from
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originally started in 1902 and completed in 1933, is an abridgement of the full work that retains the historical focus, but does not include any words which were obsolete before 1700 except those used by
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turned 84 that year but was still able to make some contributions as well. The work on the supplement was expected to take about seven years. It actually took 29 years, by which time the new supplement
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1401:
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Founding editor James Murray was also reluctant to include scientific terms, despite their documentation, unless he felt that they were widely enough used. In 1902, he declined to add the word
1581:) started keying in over 350,000,000 characters, their work checked by 55 proof-readers in England. Retyping the text alone was not sufficient; all the information represented by the complex
5953:
1381:
and words from regional forms of English. Some of these had only a single recorded usage, but many had multiple recorded citations, and it ran against what was thought to be the established
992:
were approached. The OUP finally agreed in 1879 (after two years of negotiating by Sweet, Furnivall, and Murray) to publish the dictionary and to pay Murray, who was both the editor and the
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website. The editors chose to start the revision project from the middle of the dictionary in order that the overall quality of entries be made more even, since the later entries in the
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editors preferred larger groups of quite short quotations from a wide selection of authors and publications. This influenced later volumes of this and other lexicographical works.
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s utility and renown as a historical dictionary have led to numerous offspring projects and other dictionaries bearing the Oxford name, though not all are directly related to the
2264:
website is not optimized for mobile devices, but the developers have stated that there are plans to provide an API to facilitate the development of interfaces for querying the
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president. The dictionary was to be published as interval fascicles, with the final form in four volumes, totalling 6,400 pages. They hoped to finish the project in ten years.
2708:
s "lack-and-white lexicography is also black-and-white in that it takes upon itself to pronounce authoritatively on the rights and wrongs of usage", faulting the dictionary's
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was concerned with the process of publishing a dictionary with such an immense scope. They had pages printed by publishers, but no publication agreement was reached; both the
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2276:, and public libraries in New Zealand. Individuals who belong to a library which subscribes to the service are able to use the service from their own homes without charge.
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and published in 1911, before the main work was completed. Revised editions appeared throughout the twentieth century to keep it up to date with changes in English usage.
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281:. The dictionary's latest, complete print edition (second edition, 1989) was printed in 20 volumes, comprising 291,500 entries in 21,730 pages. The longest entry in the
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The OUP had previously thought London too far from Oxford but, after 1925, Craigie worked on the dictionary in Chicago, where he was a professor. The fourth editor was
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1862:
Accordingly, it was recognized that work on a third edition would have to begin to rectify these problems. The first attempt to produce a new edition came with the
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6203:"The English dialect dictionary, being the complete vocabulary of all dialect words still in use, or known to have been in use during the last two hundred years;"
2701:
are included, whereas usage of words in newspapers or other less "respectable" sources hold less sway, even though they may be commonly used. He writes that the
2684:, as a commercial product, has always had to steer a line between scholarship and marketing. In his review of the 1982 supplement, University of Oxford linguist
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The Oxford English Dictionary; being a corrected re-issue with an introduction, supplement and bibliography of A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles
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Other important computer uses include internet searches for evidence of current usage and email submissions of quotations by readers and the general public.
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269:, there are 157,000 bold-type combinations and derivatives; 169,000 italicized-bold phrases and combinations; 616,500 word-forms in total, including 137,000
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as saying "I've never been associated with a project, I've never even heard of a project, that was so incredibly complicated and that met every deadline."
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describing the attitudes to language which have previously led to these classifications. Another avenue of criticism is the dictionary's non-inclusion of
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was first used. It then appeared only on the outer covers of the fascicles; the original title was still the official one and was used everywhere else.
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Xu, Yang; Malt, Barbara; Srinivasan, Mahesh (2017). "Evolution of word meanings through metaphorical mapping: Systematicity over the past millennium".
1369:. They were published in 1972, 1976, 1982, and 1986 respectively, bringing the complete dictionary to 16 volumes, or 17 counting the first supplement.
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1811:
between its inception in 1982 and Series 63 in 2010. The prize was axed after Series 83, completed in June 2021, due to being considered out of date.
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are indeed yet mighty, but not quite what they used to be, whereas the OED has gone from strength to strength and is one of the wonders of the world.
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1617:. Computer hardware, database and other software, development managers, and programmers for the project were donated by the British subsidiary of
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is mostly just a reorganization of the earlier corpus, but the retypesetting provided an opportunity for two long-needed format changes. The
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In 1857, work first began on the dictionary, though the first edition was not published In until 1884. It began to be published in unbound
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1970:
site in 2000, the editors of the dictionary began a major revision project to create a completely revised third edition of the dictionary (
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3916:"Preface to the Second Edition: The history of the Oxford English Dictionary: A Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary, 1957â1986"
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is a different work, which aims to cover current English only, without the historical focus. The original edition, mostly based on the
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to work full-time on the project, which he did in 1885. Murray had his Scriptorium re-erected in the back garden of his new property.
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The first dictionary fascicle was published on 1 February 1884âtwenty-three years after Coleridge's sample pages. The full title was
327:
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volumes were published this way, two in 1993 and one in 1997, each containing about 3,000 new definitions. The possibilities of the
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As a historical dictionary, the OED is very different from those of current English, in which the focus is on present-day meanings.
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manage the collection in North America; 1,000 quotation slips arrived daily to the Scriptorium and, by 1880, there were 2,500,000.
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The production of the new edition exploits computer technology, particularly since the inauguration in June 2005 of the "Perfect
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was first used unofficially on the covers of the series, and in 1928 the full dictionary was republished in 10 bound volumes.
19:
This article is about the multi-volume historical dictionary. For other dictionaries published by Oxford University Press, see
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by Donna Lee Berg. After this version was published, however, book club offers commonly continued to sell the two-volume 1971
1153:. By then, two additional editors had been promoted from assistant work to independent work, continuing without much trouble.
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is the first great dictionary devoted to a modern European language (Italian) and was published in 1612; the first edition of
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is neither the world's largest nor the earliest exhaustive dictionary of a language. Another earlier large dictionary is the
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A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles: Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by the Philological Society
4522:"Preface to the Second Edition: The history of the Oxford English Dictionary: The New Oxford English Dictionary project"
4120:"Preface to the Second Edition: The history of the Oxford English Dictionary: The New Oxford English Dictionary project"
1317:). Also in 1933 the original fascicles of the entire dictionary were re-issued, bound into 12 volumes, under the title "
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A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles; Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by The Philological Society
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A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles; Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by The Philological Society
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Fisher, Dan (25 March 1989). "20-Volume English set costs $ 2,500; New Oxford Dictionary â Improving on the ultimate".
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of the OED 1st edition's published with the 1933 Supplement and that in Volume IV of the Supplement published in 1986.
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and display software were also needed to access it. Under a 1985 agreement, some of this software work was done at the
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20:
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Durkin, Philip N. R. (1999). "Root and Branch: Revising the Etymological Component of the Oxford English Dictionary".
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was a 2005 appeal to the general public for help in providing citations for 50 selected recent words, and produced
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is updated on a quarterly basis, with the addition of new words and senses, and the revision of existing entries.
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Neither Murray nor Bradley lived to see it. Murray died in 1915, having been responsible for words starting with
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2101:, by photographically reducing each page to one-half its linear dimensions; each compact edition page held four
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1948:): Contains 3,000 new words and meanings from around the English-speaking world. Published by Clarendon Press.
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Logan, H. M. (1989). "Report on a New OED Project: A Study of the History of New Words in the New OED".
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According to the publishers, it would take a single person 120 years to "key in" the 59 million words of the
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2536:) continues to be principal source for Oxford's product line of current-English dictionaries, including the
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Part of an entry in the 1991 compact edition, with a centimetre scale showing the very small type sizes used
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6671:"The Professor and the Madman: A Tale of Murder, Insanity, and the Making of the Oxford English Dictionary"
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When the print version of the second edition was published in 1989, the response was enthusiastic. Author
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5350:"The Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM Version 4.0 Windows/Mac Individual User Version"
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project. In the United States, more than 120 typists of the International Computaprint Corporation (now
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of Chinese was published in 1716. The largest dictionary by number of pages is believed to be the Dutch
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The project sets out to investigate the principles and practice behind the Oxford English Dictionary...
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A bold type combination has a significantly different meaning from the sum of its parts, for instance
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magnifying glass to help in reading reduced type. Many copies were inexpensively distributed through
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2608:. The rationale is etymological, in that the English suffix is mainly derived from the Greek suffix
1321:". This edition of 13 volumes including the supplement was subsequently reprinted in 1961 and 1970.
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The Word Detective: Searching for the Meaning of It All at the Oxford English Dictionary â A Memoir
1285:) accidentally omitted when its slips were misplaced; many words and senses newly coined (famously
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and was published on 19 April 1928, and the full dictionary in bound volumes followed immediately.
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range; later he parodied the principal editors as "The Four Wise Clerks of Oxenford" in the story
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2260:(see above). The online edition is the most up-to-date version of the dictionary available. The
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221:
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4492:(24 March 1989). "The new, 20-volume Oxford English Dictionary: Oxford's A to Z â The origin".
2798:
1630:
1598:
1374:
1314:
851:
meant that he could not give the dictionary project the time that it required. He withdrew and
6686:
5487:
5132:
4337:
4307:
4264:
3680:
2625:
1898:): Includes over 20,000 illustrative quotations showing the evolution of each word or meaning.
1854:
The supplements and their integration into the second edition were a great improvement to the
289:, which required 60,000 words to describe some 580 senses (430 for the bare verb, the rest in
7570:
6624:
6495:"In a backyard 'scriptorium', this man set about defining every word in the English language"
6357:
4838:
3923:
3858:
3583:
A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles: Introduction, Supplement, and Bibliography
3175:
2776:
2685:
2469:
2059:
1803:
1614:
1385:
editorial practice and a perception that he had opened up the dictionary to "World English".
1345:
1334:
convenient choice for the user would have been for the entire dictionary to be re-edited and
1178:
1093:
917:
909:
349:
145:
6775:
5037:
4127:
3135:
Osselton, Noel (2000). "Murray and his European Counterparts". In Mugglestone, Lynda (ed.).
7790:
6205:. London : H. Frowde; New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons – via the Internet Archive.
4630:
2709:
2030:
1843:
1638:
1221:
By early 1894, a total of 11 fascicles had been published, or about one per year: four for
1031:
993:
981:
764:
157:
27:
4529:
8:
7597:
7481:
7147:
6968:
6059:
5320:
3646:
3534:
2713:
2473:
2070:
s readers contribute quotations: the department currently receives about 200,000 a year.
1254:
1214:
165:
7767:
7562:
7357:
7344:
7331:
7318:
7305:
7292:
7266:
7253:
7240:
7227:
7214:
6987:
6705:
5975:
Harris, Roy (1982). "Review of RW Burchfield A Supplement to the OED Volume 3: OâScz".
5714:
5641:
5258:
5250:
4235:
4056:
3962:
3862:
3784:"Why do large historical dictionaries give so much pleasure to their owners and users?"
3512:
3375:
3349:
2768:
2505:
2217:
Once the dictionary was digitized and online, it was also available to be published on
1622:
1555:
1539:
as co-editors. In 2016, Simpson published his memoir chronicling his years at the OED:
929:
925:
7279:
7201:
7035:
6971:
6949:
6727:
6307:
Kelly, Michael (1998). "To "brunch" or to "brunch": Some aspects of blend structure".
5881:
5357:
5282:
Oxford English Dictionary (OED) on CD-ROM in a 16-, 32-, or 64-bit Windows environment
2782:
Harris also faults the editors' "donnish conservatism" and their adherence to prudish
847:(1807â1886) played the key role in the project's first months, but his appointment as
237:
225:, had initially provided few quotations from a limited number of sources, whereas the
123:
6690:
6653:
6593:
6583:
6565:
6544:
6480:
6474:
6422:
6416:
6399:
6361:
6090:
6071:
6064:
6044:
5845:
5719:
5692:
5668:
5661:
5551:
5457:
5388:
5213:
4704:
4680:
4656:
4379:
4330:"Preface to the Second Edition: Introduction: The translation of the phonetic system"
4300:"Preface to the Second Edition: Introduction: Special features of the Second Edition"
4239:
4019:
3966:
3886:
3878:
3868:
3714:
3708:
3684:
3673:
3618:
3612:
3516:
3468:
3428:
3353:
3299:
3140:
2787:
2760:
2386:
2364:
2356:
2334:
2326:
2291:
2226:
2141:
1941:
1916:
1891:
1820:
1491:
1479:
1341:
852:
776:
768:
354:
6202:
6140:"Henry Louis Gates Jr. Spearheading Official AAVE Dictionary With Oxford Dictionary"
5740:
5645:
5285:
5262:
3461:
7922:
7814:
7726:
7664:
6863:
6700:
6666:
6639:
6606:
6349:
6330:
6040:
6028:
5631:
5312:
5242:
5011:
4934:
4824:
4585:
4551:
4396:
4227:
4036:
3954:
3504:
3341:
2783:
2448:
2122:
2013:
1517:
1291:, coined in 1886 and missing from the 1885 fascicle, which came to prominence when
1197:
149:
7390:
7385:
7380:
6521:
The Oxford English Dictionary: From Victorian venture to the digital age endeavour
1076:
7588:
6786:
6767:
6750:
5736:
5525:
4766:
4375:
3894:
3854:
2673:
2649:
2555:
2126:
1975:
1815:
1780:
1642:
1281:
where the fascicles were decades old. The supplement included at least one word (
1154:
1015:
1400:
969:
7440:
6579:
6470:
6412:
6387:
6031:(December 2005). "Authority and Personality in the Oxford English Dictionary".
5949:
5396:
5316:
4489:
4208:
3488:
3329:
2756:
2698:
2694:
2444:
1879:
1833:
1634:
1626:
1271:
is the most-quoted work (in many translations); the most-quoted single work is
1101:
317:
4728:
2745:
1133:, nearly half the finished dictionary; Bradley died in 1923, having completed
297:
in sequence starting from M, the record was progressively broken by the verbs
7932:
6682:
5461:
5392:
4363:
3850:
1818:
declared it "the greatest publishing event of the century", as quoted by the
1610:
1536:
1418:
1097:
1035:
924:. Minor was a Yale University-trained surgeon and a military officer in the
921:
787:, which identified seven distinct shortcomings in contemporary dictionaries:
270:
5015:
4410:
3332:(2013). "Make, put, run: Writing and rewriting three big verbs in the OED".
2751:
916:
Late in his editorship, Murray learned that one especially prolific reader,
905:
7910:
6435:
5944:
5184:
3890:
3401:
2980:
1838:
1306:
1287:
1273:
1264:
871:
290:
212:
7397:
6376:"Inside the OED: can the world's biggest dictionary survive the internet?"
5636:
5615:
3958:
3898:
3675:
Caught in the Web of Words: James Murray and the Oxford English Dictionary
3508:
3345:
2976:"Inside the OED: can the world's biggest dictionary survive the internet?"
1998:
website in December 2010, alphabetical revision was abandoned altogether.
1641:
who served on the Oxford University Press advisory council, was quoted in
1104:
in London beginning in 1888. In 1896, Bradley moved to Oxford University.
1061:(equivalent to $ 82 in 2023). The total sales were only 4,000 copies.
858:
7436:
6218:"In what sense is the OED the definitive record of the English language?"
5611:
4149:
2440:
2436:
2023:
1606:
1561:
1498:
1335:
1310:
1019:
895:
891:
7131:
7115:
7099:
7083:
7067:
7051:
7019:
7003:
6965:
6946:
6930:
6288:
Cooperrider, Kenny; Gentner, Dedre (2019). "The career of measurement".
5803:"Verbs ending in -ize, -ise, -yze, and -yse: Oxford Dictionaries Online"
5254:
5030:"John Simpson, Chief Editor of the Oxford English Dictionary, to Retire"
4231:
2632:
suffix has crept into words where it did not originally belong, as with
2129:. In 1987, the second supplement was published as a third volume to the
767:
project of a small group of intellectuals in London (and unconnected to
7905:
7819:
7370:
6252:
5771:
5246:
2864:
2027:
1582:
1292:
954:
6170:
4440:
2504:. Instead, it was an entirely new dictionary produced with the aid of
2252:) became available to subscribers. The online database containing the
1779:. Unlike the earlier edition, all foreign alphabets except Greek were
265:
contained approximately 301,100 main entries. Supplementing the entry
6645:
The Meaning of Everything: The Story of the Oxford English Dictionary
6619:
6536:
Words of the World: a global history of the Oxford English Dictionary
4833:
4010:
Words of the World: A Global History of the Oxford English Dictionary
3710:
The Meaning of Everything: The Story of the Oxford English Dictionary
2794:
2763:
languages, respectively). As of 2022, OUP is preparing a specialized
2730:
2546:
now only serving as the basis for scholarly historical dictionaries.
1578:
1378:
1267:(Mary Ann Evans) is the most-quoted female writer. Collectively, the
1066:
999:
958:
278:
274:
184:
has been underway, approximately half of which was complete by 2018.
4085:"Former OED editor covertly deleted thousands of words, book claims"
2786:, citing as an example the non-inclusion of "various centuries-old '
2739:
188:
of OUP has stated that it is unlikely that it will ever be printed.
7917:
3614:
Lost for Words: The Hidden History of the Oxford English Dictionary
3238:"Preface to the Second Edition: General explanations: Combinations"
3203:"Preface to the Second Edition: General explanations: Combinations"
2661:
2657:
2238:
2049:
1767:
1664:
1546:
1240:
1054:
804:
266:
258:
5663:
The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles
3231:
Italicized combinations are obvious from their parts (for example
7824:
6476:
Chasing the Sun: Dictionary Makers and the Dictionaries They Made
4762:"Deadline 2037: The Making of the Next Oxford English Dictionary"
4733:
3882:
2256:
is updated quarterly with revisions that will be included in the
1994:
alphabetical cluster surrounding them". With the relaunch of the
1974:), expected to be completed in 2037 at a projected cost of about
1829:
1585:
of the original dictionary had to be retained, which was done by
1565:
A printout of the SGML markup used in the computerization of the
890:
In the 1870s, Furnivall unsuccessfully attempted to recruit both
6334:
5154:
3947:
Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America
3945:
Simpson, John (2002). "The Revolution in English Lexicography".
3497:
Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America
3334:
Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America
3007:
2232:
Version 3.0 was released in 2002 with additional words from the
920:, was confined to a mental hospital for (in modern terminology)
324:, begun in 1838 and completed in 1961. The first edition of the
5940:"UBC prof lobbies Oxford English dictionary to be less British"
2846:
2218:
1301:
1259:
1070:
44:
6447:
4157:
2206:
2496:) was published. While also aiming to cover current English,
1613:; this search technology went on to become the basis for the
1492:
1268:
49:
Seven of the twenty volumes of the printed second edition of
6418:
The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary
3076:"RIP for OED as world's finest dictionary goes out of print"
2408:
2194:
1299:); and some previously excluded as too obscure (notoriously
1257:
is the most-quoted writer in the completed dictionary, with
6585:
Empire of Words: The Reign of the Oxford English Dictionary
2826:
2812:
2793:" until 1972. However, no English dictionary included such
2734:
2117:; the first supplement was at the second volume's end. The
2106:
1590:
1100:(hired by Murray in 1884), who worked independently in the
340:
dates from 1694. The official dictionary of Spanish is the
241:
Diagram of the types of English vocabulary included in the
16:
Historical dictionary of the English language began in 1857
5518:"Oxford University Press Databases available through EPIC"
3982:"Focusing on the OED's missing words is missing the point"
3845:
3736:
Lexicography and the OED: Pioneers in the Untrodden Forest
3137:
Lexicography and the OED: Pioneers in the Untrodden Forest
2867:(e.g., âbrunchâ from a blend of âbreakfastâ and âlunchâ).
1518:
261:
to store them electronically. As of 30 November 2005, the
7358:
The Oxford English Dictionary Supplement And Bibliography
6559:
The Dictionary People: the unsung heroes who created the
4847:
2773:
Hutchins Center for African and African American Research
2665:
2585:
2034:
1618:
5689:
The Concise Oxford Dictionary: The Classic First Edition
5575:"Making it short: The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary"
4623:"Preface to the Additions Series (vol. 1): Introduction"
2810:
of 1965 was the first dictionary that included the word
2660:, founder of Wordsmith.org, has called it a "lex icon".
2455:
and published in 1993, with revisions in 2002 and 2007.
2057:
for many. The results were reported in a BBC TV series,
1985:, with new material appearing every three months on the
1794:
there's a 143-page separately paginated bibliography, a
3042:"Oxford English Dictionary 'will not be printed again'"
6721:
6225:
Proceedings of the 15th EURALEX International Congress
3910:
3908:
1181:, who compiled the remaining ranges starting in 1914:
1096:
of the OUP forced the promotion of Murray's assistant
114:
7894:
5419:"Looking Forward to an Oxford English Dictionary API"
3791:
Proceedings of the 8th EURALEX International Congress
2927:
A Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles
2140:(1989) was republished in 1991 as a compact edition (
1871:
the volume number which contained the revised entry.
1621:; the colour syntax-directed editor for the project,
840:
List of contributors to the Oxford English Dictionary
6508:"The evolving role of the Oxford English Dictionary"
5450:"The evolving role of the Oxford English Dictionary"
2892:
Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English
2512:
was published, a similarly brand-new edition of the
2076:
currently contains over 500,000 entries. The online
2016:, who is the eighth chief editor of the dictionary.
352:), and its first edition was published in 1780. The
293:
and idioms). As entries began to be revised for the
257:
second edition, 60 years to proofread them, and 540
168:
as work continued on the project, under the name of
6109:"The Oxford Dictionary of African American English"
6095:
Talkin and Testifyin: The Language of Black America
3905:
1569:
showing pencil annotations used to mark corrections
1003:A quotation slip as used in the compilation of the
812:
Space wasted on inappropriate or redundant content.
211:s entries has influenced numerous other historical
7869:Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners
7377:Some volumes (only available from within the US):
6744:"On some deficiencies in our English Dictionaries"
6287:
6169:
6063:
5857:
5770:
5660:
4007:
3672:
3535:"On Some Deficiencies in Our English Dictionaries"
3460:
1807:awarded the leather-bound complete version to the
1375:English-speaking regions beyond the United Kingdom
794:Inconsistent coverage of families of related words
7810:Collaborative International Dictionary of English
5833:American and British English spelling differences
4823:
4372:The Oxford English Dictionary Volume XX Wave-âZyx
3702:
3700:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3039:
2451:. A completely new edition was produced from the
2150:A User's Guide to the "Oxford English Dictionary"
1633:, in Canada, volunteered to design the database.
1344:was hired in 1957 to edit the second supplement;
1305:, omitted in 1903, months before its discoverers
824:A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles
800:History of obsolete senses of words often omitted
7930:
6268:
6057:
5488:"How do I know if my public library subscribes?"
4258:
4256:
2225:of 1993 and 1997. These CD-ROM editions are for
1241:Completion of first edition and first supplement
809:Insufficient use of good illustrative quotations
785:On Some Deficiencies in our English Dictionaries
277:; 577,000 cross-references; and 2,412,400 usage
5715:The Pocket Oxford Dictionary of Current English
5381:"'The world's greatest dictionary' goes online"
5212:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 1991.
2516:followed, this time based on an abridgement of
2480:The Pocket Oxford Dictionary of Current English
1245:The 125th and last fascicle covered words from
7293:The Oxford English Dictionary Vol.-viii Poy-ry
6354:Treasure-House of the Language: the Living OED
5718:, 8th Edition. Oxford University Press. 1996.
5609:
4869:
4867:
4722:
4720:
4703:. Vol. 3. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1996.
4679:. Vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1993.
4655:. Vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1993.
3697:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3491:(2013). "Thoughts on Writing a History of the
3441:
3040:Alastair Jamieson, Alastair (29 August 2010).
2588:policy dictates a preference for the spelling
1092:experience. That turned out not to be so, and
7413:
5620:: Experience with a Grammar-Defined Database"
4358:
4253:
4154:"UW Centre for the New OED and Text Research"
3580:
3300:"December 2007 revisions â Quarterly updates"
2765:Oxford Dictionary of African American English
2580:, etc.). For the suffix more commonly spelt
2109:("4-up") format. The two-volume letters were
341:
325:
7514:An Universal Etymological English Dictionary
7319:The Oxford English Dictionary Vol.-x Sole-sz
4792:
4753:
3777:
3775:
3666:
3664:
2664:, co-creator of Extensible Markup Language (
1603:Centre for the New Oxford English Dictionary
333:
232:
7427:
7280:The Oxford English Dictionary Vol. 7(n-poy)
6492:
6415:; Marshall, Jeremy; Weiner, Edmund (2006),
6392:The Making of the Oxford English Dictionary
4864:
4717:
3733:
3610:
3589:
3581:Craigie, W. A.; Onions, C. T. (1933).
3576:
3574:
3572:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
1866:a new set of supplements to complement the
1864:Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series,
359:
7862:Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
7420:
7406:
6726:
6605:
6215:
6089:
6021:
4945:. Hertford College, University of Oxford.
4829:"History of the Oxford English Dictionary"
4793:Willen Brown, Stephanie (26 August 2007).
4701:Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series
4677:Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series
4653:Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series
3706:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3458:
3266:
2643:
2121:included, in a small slip-case drawer, a
1938:Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series
1913:Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series
1888:Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series
1399:
930:Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally Insane
122:
43:
26:"OED" redirects here. For other uses, see
7202:The Oxford English Dictionary Vol. 1(a-b)
6704:
6675:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
6517:
5997:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
5844:
5635:
5276:Holmgren, R. J. (21 December 2013).
4973:"Preface to the Third Edition of the OED"
4213:"LEXX â A Programmable Structured Editor"
4207:
4052:"Dictionary Dust-Up (Danchi Is Involved)"
3867:(1st ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
3839:
3781:
3772:
3727:
3661:
3422:
3069:
3067:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2853:
2409:Relationship to other Oxford dictionaries
2198:A screenshot of the first version of the
2012:. He retired in 2013 and was replaced by
1353:had grown to four volumes, starting with
1014:Murray started the project, working in a
797:Incorrect dates for earliest use of words
328:Vocabolario degli Accademici della Crusca
7254:The Oxford English Dictionary Vol.-v H-k
7228:The Oxford English Dictionary Volume Iii
6259:, Oxford University Press, 2010, pg. 319
6137:
6066:Spoken Soul: The Story of Black English.
6033:Transactions of the Philological Society
5275:
5058:
5004:Transactions of the Philological Society
3836:Gilliver pp. 302â303; Mugglestone p. 161
3827:Gilliver pp. 289â290; Mugglestone p. 164
3539:Transactions of the Philological Society
3487:
3328:
3153:
3134:
3073:
2564:lists British headword spellings (e.g.,
2205:
2193:
2043:
1560:
1545:
1373:include developments of the language in
1157:started in 1901 and was responsible for
1075:
998:
968:
947:), which was the basis for a 2019 film,
904:
857:
348:(produced, edited, and published by the
236:
7241:The Oxford English Dictionary Volume Iv
7215:The Oxford English Dictionary Volume Ii
6556:
6373:
5995:"Guide to the Third Edition of the OED"
5735:
5624:ACM Transactions on Information Systems
5572:
4970:
4759:
4726:
4220:IBM Journal of Research and Development
4049:
4005:
3979:
3944:
3738:. Oxford University Press. p. 245.
3549:
3297:
2973:
2941:Dictionary of American Regional English
1966:Beginning with the launch of the first
377:Oxford English Dictionary Publications
7931:
7345:The Oxford English Dictionary Vol. Xii
6501:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
6434:
6421:(hardcover), Oxford University Press,
6329:
6200:
6027:
5974:
5741:"Review: Oxford Dictionary of English"
5071:. Oxford University Press. p. 4.
5061:"Pasadena: A Brand New System for the
5001:
4933:
4584:
4550:
4488:
4469:
3670:
3529:
3427:. Oxford: Oxford UP. pp. 124â26.
3064:
2954:
2672:as the developing inspiration of that
2393:): Supports Windows Vista and Mac OS).
2189:
7401:
7332:The Oxford English Dictionary Vol. Xi
7306:The Oxford English Dictionary Vol. Ix
7267:The Oxford English Dictionary Vol. Vi
6834:The Compact Oxford English Dictionary
6306:
5658:
5498:from the original on 15 November 2013
5232:
5210:The Compact Oxford English Dictionary
4966:
4964:
4617:
4615:
4516:
4514:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4148:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4082:
2988:from the original on 16 November 2020
2779:being the project's editor-in-chief.
2722:Guide to the Third Edition of the OED
2283:Second edition on CD-ROM Version 3.1:
2097:(1933) was reprinted as a two-volume
1981:Revisions were started at the letter
791:Incomplete coverage of obsolete words
7876:Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's
7523:A Dictionary of the English Language
6374:Dickson, Andrew (23 February 2018).
6335:"Oxford English Dictionary Research"
5956:from the original on 7 February 2016
5906:
5783:from the original on 6 November 2018
5447:
5330:from the original on 6 November 2012
5278:"v3.x under Macintosh OSX and Linux"
4805:from the original on 10 October 2007
4421:from the original on 16 January 2021
4262:
4050:Kaufman, Leslie (28 November 2012).
2974:Dickson, Andrew (23 February 2018).
2913:Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary
1575:New Oxford English Dictionary (NOED)
1324:
336:Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
191:
6529:(McPherson is Senior Editor of OED)
6234:from the original on 11 August 2014
6150:from the original on 13 August 2022
6070:, New York: John Wiley & Sons,
5937:
5888:from the original on 21 August 2010
5378:
5165:from the original on 21 August 2019
5075:from the original on 6 January 2014
3980:Ogilvie, Sarah (30 November 2012).
3818:Gilliver p. 199; Mugglestone p. 100
3310:from the original on 9 January 2009
3279:from the original on 9 January 2015
3139:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3086:from the original on 20 August 2019
3074:Flanagan, Padraic (20 April 2014).
3052:from the original on 31 August 2019
3018:from the original on 21 August 2019
2737:or African language origin such as
2355:Upgrade version for 2.0 and above (
2223:Oxford English Dictionary Additions
2088:
1849:
898:to succeed him. He then approached
312:Despite its considerable size, the
219:, such as the early volumes of the
13:
7750:Dictionary of Newfoundland English
6493:Kelsey-Sugg, Anna (9 April 2020).
6323:
6201:Wright, Joseph (1 February 1898).
5306:
4961:
4774:from the original on 18 March 2020
4612:
4600:from the original on 28 April 2014
4566:from the original on 28 April 2014
4511:
4287:
4107:
4083:Flood, Alison (26 November 2012).
4064:from the original on 10 March 2014
3298:Simpson, John (13 December 2007).
2934:The Australian National Dictionary
2636:(British English), which is spelt
2008:was the first chief editor of the
1045:; the 352-page volume, words from
976:in the Scriptorium at Banbury Road
362:Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal
14:
7985:
7716:Webster's Third New International
6713:
6506:Kite, Lorien (15 November 2013),
6138:Shotwell, Alyssa (28 July 2022).
5691:. Oxford University Press. 2011.
5468:from the original on 22 June 2015
5448:Kite, Lorien (15 November 2013).
4949:from the original on 15 July 2014
4795:"From Unregistered Words to OED3"
4727:Simpson, John (31 January 2011).
4451:from the original on 24 June 2021
4265:"A Scholarly Everest Gets Bigger"
3800:from the original on 13 July 2014
3679:. Yale University Press. p.
3267:Winchester, Simon (28 May 2011).
2920:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
2899:Concise Oxford English Dictionary
2656:as a "national treasure". Author
2430:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
2170:Compact Oxford English Dictionary
1786:Following page 832 of Volume XX
1663:was published. The first edition
1388:
1204:, researching etymologies of the
964:
344:Diccionario de la lengua española
322:dictionary of the German language
215:projects. The forerunners to the
7916:
7904:
6512:Financial Times (online edition)
6300:
6281:
6262:
6246:
6209:
6194:
6176:Oxford English Dictionary Online
6162:
6131:
6101:
6045:10.1111/j.1467-968X.2005.00154.x
5919:from the original on 9 July 2014
5777:Oxford English Dictionary Online
5751:from the original on 2 July 2014
5610:Blake, G. Elizabeth; Bray, Tim;
5591:from the original on 14 May 2014
5425:. 21 August 2009. Archived from
5309:"Oxford English Dictionary News"
5159:Oxford English Dictionary Online
5129:Oxford English Dictionary Online
5099:Oxford English Dictionary Online
5034:Oxford English Dictionary Online
4977:Oxford English Dictionary Online
4909:Oxford English Dictionary Online
4885:from the original on 6 July 2014
4760:Rachman, Tom (27 January 2014).
4741:from the original on 15 May 2015
4627:Oxford English Dictionary Online
4526:Oxford English Dictionary Online
4504:Dictionary of National Biography
4334:Oxford English Dictionary Online
4304:Oxford English Dictionary Online
4124:Oxford English Dictionary Online
4095:from the original on 2 June 2024
3920:Oxford English Dictionary Online
3754:Oxford English Dictionary Online
3671:Murray, K. M. Elizabeth (1977).
3643:Oxford English Dictionary Online
3398:"The world's largest dictionary"
3304:Oxford English Dictionary Online
3242:Oxford English Dictionary Online
3207:Oxford English Dictionary Online
3172:Oxford English Dictionary Online
2755:(the latter two are possibly of
2624:is also sometimes treated as an
2489:New Oxford Dictionary of English
2246:Oxford English Dictionary Online
2177:
2161:
1961:
1080:78 Banbury Road, former home of
833:
196:As a historical dictionary, the
6815:Oxford University Press pages:
6182:from the original on 3 May 2015
6083:
6051:
5987:
5968:
5931:
5900:
5884:. Wordsmith. 11 February 2002.
5874:
5838:
5821:
5805:. Askoxford.com. Archived from
5795:
5763:
5729:
5706:
5681:
5652:
5603:
5566:
5540:
5510:
5480:
5441:
5411:
5372:
5342:
5300:
5269:
5226:
5202:
5177:
5147:
5117:
5087:
5059:Thompson, Liz (December 2005).
5052:
5036:. 23 April 2013. Archived from
5022:
4995:
4927:
4897:
4817:
4786:
4729:"The Making of the OED, 3rd ed"
4693:
4669:
4645:
4578:
4544:
4482:
4463:
4433:
4403:
4352:
4322:
4275:from the original on 3 May 2015
4201:
4172:
4142:
4076:
4043:
3999:
3973:
3938:
3830:
3821:
3812:
3742:
3631:
3523:
3481:
3416:
3390:
3360:
3322:
3291:
3260:
3106:"The Oxford English Dictionary"
1874:However, in the end only three
1777:International Phonetic Alphabet
1295:'s 1902 appendicitis postponed
7959:English non-fiction literature
7578:Dictionary of American English
7498:The New World of English Words
6857:
5938:Luk, Vivian (13 August 2013).
5069:Oxford English Dictionary News
4556:"Which edition contains what?"
3425:Dutch: Biography of a Language
3225:
3190:
3128:
3098:
3033:
3000:
2906:New Oxford American Dictionary
2539:New Oxford American Dictionary
2202:second edition CD-ROM software
1:
7969:Language software for Windows
7949:Culture of the United Kingdom
5379:New, Juliet (23 March 2000).
3467:. New York: HarperPerennial.
3269:"A Verb for Our Frantic Time"
3235:), unlike bold combinations.
2947:
1828:dubbed the book "a scholarly
1319:The Oxford English Dictionary
803:Inadequate distinction among
181:The Oxford English Dictionary
174:The Oxford English Dictionary
51:The Oxford English Dictionary
7848:Cambridge Advanced Learner's
6840:20-volume printed set+CD-ROM
6479:(hardcover), Jonathan Cape,
5235:Computers and the Humanities
4971:Simpson, John (March 2000).
4263:Gray, Paul (27 March 1989).
3463:The Professor and the Madman
2878:Australian Oxford Dictionary
2688:writes that criticizing the
2530:Oxford Dictionary of English
2528:(under the new title of the
2033:", or "Pasadena". With this
950:The Professor and the Madman
945:The Professor and the Madman
937:was retold in the 1998 book
102:Third edition in preparation
7:
7964:Language software for macOS
7391:University of Michigan copy
7381:University of Virginia copy
7169:Full title of each volume:
6877:Full title of each volume:
6462:The New York Times Magazine
6257:The Oxford Book of Parodies
5667:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
5659:Brown, Lesley, ed. (1993).
5573:Burnett, Lesley S. (1986).
3734:Mugglestone, Lynda (2000).
3713:. Oxford University Press.
3611:Mugglestone, Lynda (2005).
3200:is unlike an actual sauna.
2870:
2572:) with variants following (
2549:
2400:?th impression (2009-11-16)
2378:?th impression (2009-07-15)
2348:?th impression (2009-06-04)
2305:?th impression (2005-08-18)
1955:?th impression (1997-10-09)
1930:?th impression (1994-02-10)
1905:?th impression (1994-02-10)
1676:Oxford English Dictionary 2
10:
7990:
7743:Dictionary of Canadianisms
7490:The English Schoole-Master
6590:Princeton University Press
6541:Cambridge University Press
6097:, Boston: Houghton Mifflin
5907:Bray, Tim (9 April 2003).
4368:"Note to the Bibliography"
4016:Cambridge University Press
3707:Winchester, Simon (2003).
3585:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
3459:Winchester, Simon (1999).
3423:Willemyns, Roland (2013).
2885:Canadian Oxford Dictionary
2822:English Dialect Dictionary
2807:Penguin English Dictionary
2553:
2083:
1637:, an English professor at
1394:Oxford English Dictionary
986:Cambridge University Press
884:Early English Text Society
837:
763:The dictionary began as a
758:
369:
25:
18:
7939:Oxford English Dictionary
7883:Oxford Advanced Learner's
7833:
7800:
7766:
7725:
7663:
7587:
7473:
7464:Middle English Dictionary
7457:Dictionary of Old English
7450:An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
7435:
7386:Princeton University copy
6829:Additions Series Volume 3
6825:Additions Series Volume 2
6821:Additions Series Volume 1
6613:Oxford English Dictionary
6561:Oxford English Dictionary
6518:McPherson, Fiona (2013).
6499:ABC News (Radio National)
6473:; Cape, Jonathan (1996),
6440:"Cyber-Neologoliferation"
6216:ten Hacken, Pius (2012).
6113:Oxford English Dictionary
6013:Oxford English Dictionary
5909:"On Semantics and Markup"
5548:"Current OED Version 4.0"
5189:Oxford English Dictionary
5095:"Collecting the Evidence"
4879:Oxford English Dictionary
3617:. Yale University Press.
3493:Oxford English Dictionary
3012:Oxford English Dictionary
2726:Oxford English Dictionary
2514:Concise Oxford Dictionary
2461:Concise Oxford Dictionary
2371:): Supports Windows only.
2315:Oxford English Dictionary
2290:Upgrade version for 3.0 (
2281:Oxford English Dictionary
1543:(New York: Basic Books).
1516:
1504:
1490:
1478:
1470:
1462:
1452:
1442:
1432:
1424:
1410:
1398:
1235:Oxford English Dictionary
940:The Surgeon of Crowthorne
928:who had been confined to
855:became the first editor.
394:
391:
386:
381:
376:
309:in 2011 with 645 senses.
263:Oxford English Dictionary
233:Entries and relative size
198:Oxford English Dictionary
135:Oxford English Dictionary
109:
96:1884â1928 (first edition)
89:
79:
71:
63:
58:
42:
37:Oxford English Dictionary
7855:Collins COBUILD Advanced
7506:A New English Dictionary
4500:Encyclopaedia Britannica
3782:Considine, John (1998).
3531:Trench, Richard Chenevix
1842:, called it "one of the
1809:champions of each series
1550:Editing an entry of the
1018:outbuilding called the "
7429:Dictionaries of English
7162:1933 Corrected re-issue
6650:Oxford University Press
6564:. Chatto & Windus.
6557:Ogilvie, Sarah (2023).
6533:Ogilvie, Sarah (2013),
6396:Oxford University Press
5582:ZuriLEX '86 Proceedings
5492:Oxford University Press
5354:Oxford University Press
5016:10.1111/1467-968X.00044
4197:(subscription required)
4006:Ogilvie, Sarah (2013).
3750:"Contributors: Tolkien"
2800:Lady Chatterley's Lover
2775:, with literary critic
2648:British prime minister
2644:Reception and criticism
2093:In 1971, the 13-volume
2021:All-Singing All-Dancing
1447:Oxford University Press
1086:Oxfordshire Blue Plaque
990:Oxford University Press
845:Richard Chenevix Trench
773:Richard Chenevix Trench
154:Oxford University Press
84:Oxford University Press
7944:1884 non-fiction books
7702:Random House Webster's
4629:. 1993. Archived from
4528:. 1989. Archived from
4336:. 1989. Archived from
4306:. 1989. Archived from
4126:. 1989. Archived from
3922:. 1989. Archived from
3244:. 1989. Archived from
3209:. 1989. Archived from
2854:Research using the OED
2767:in collaboration with
2385:Print+CD-ROM version (
2244:On 14 March 2000, the
2214:
2203:
2172:(second edition, 1991)
1801:The British quiz show
1631:University of Waterloo
1599:University of Waterloo
1570:
1558:
1315:Nobel Prize in Physics
1263:his most-quoted work.
1088:
1011:
1007:illustrating the word
980:During the 1870s, the
977:
913:
866:
360:
342:
334:
326:
250:
7571:World Book Dictionary
6358:Yale University Press
5739:(18 September 2010).
5637:10.1145/146760.146764
4939:"OED Online and OED3"
4813:– via BlogSpot.
3959:10.1353/dic.2002.0004
3509:10.1353/dic.2013.0011
3346:10.1353/dic.2013.0009
2777:Henry Louis Gates Jr.
2640:in American English.
2500:was not based on the
2470:Francis George Fowler
2209:
2197:
2060:Balderdash and Piffle
2044:New entries and words
1615:Open Text Corporation
1564:
1549:
1346:Charles Talbut Onions
1179:Charles Talbut Onions
1079:
1002:
972:
910:William Chester Minor
908:
861:
350:Royal Spanish Academy
240:
172:. In 1895, the title
146:historical dictionary
99:1989 (second edition)
7954:English dictionaries
7531:Webster's Dictionary
6734:Archive of documents
6634:on 16 February 2008.
6271:Cognitive Psychology
5848:(21 December 2012).
4937:(12 February 2012).
4875:"History of the OED"
4588:(28 December 2011).
4554:(28 December 2011).
4249:on 28 February 2020.
4160:on 12 September 2014
4152:(10 November 2005).
2584:in British English,
1844:wonders of the world
1639:Princeton University
1200:was employed by the
1032:liberal arts college
994:Philological Society
982:Philological Society
765:Philological Society
222:Deutsches Wörterbuch
158:University of Oxford
28:OED (disambiguation)
7974:Oxford dictionaries
7777:Australian National
7709:Webster's New World
7695:New Oxford American
7555:Imperial Dictionary
7482:Catholicon Anglicum
6460:First published in
6438:(5 November 2006).
6001:on 6 September 2015
5913:ongoing by Tim Bray
5862:on 10 December 2022
5850:"Well-chosen words"
5423:Webometric Thoughts
5125:"Reading Programme"
4915:on 20 November 2008
4905:"March 2008 Update"
4852:on 16 February 2008
4532:on 16 December 2003
4232:10.1147/rd.311.0073
4186:on 12 February 2006
3847:Murray, James A. H.
3639:"Reading Programme"
3368:"Kangxi Dictionary"
3116:on 19 December 2011
3110:Oxford Dictionaries
2850:to the dictionary.
2474:Henry Watson Fowler
2190:Electronic versions
1775:adopted the modern
1762:The content of the
1537:Edmund S. C. Weiner
1395:
1255:William Shakespeare
1215:Farmer Giles of Ham
863:Frederick Furnivall
849:Dean of Westminster
781:Frederick Furnivall
179:In 1933, the title
144:) is the principal
39:
7768:Australian English
7563:Century Dictionary
6785:8 May 2016 at the
6766:8 May 2016 at the
6761:appeal for readers
6749:8 May 2016 at the
6333:(8 October 2019).
6091:Smitherman, Geneva
5882:"Globe & Mail"
5846:Skapinker, Michael
5703:facsimile reprint.
5247:10.1007/BF02176644
5040:on 13 October 2017
4445:The Countdown Wiki
4209:Cowlishaw, Mike F.
4057:The New York Times
3372:cultural-china.com
3273:The New York Times
3168:"Dictionary Facts"
2769:Harvard University
2506:corpus linguistics
2239:emulation programs
2215:
2213:4th Edition CD-ROM
2204:
1571:
1559:
1393:
1089:
1012:
978:
926:American Civil War
914:
867:
251:
249:, its first editor
204:The format of the
35:
7892:
7891:
7784:Australian Oxford
7681:American Regional
7674:American Heritage
7363:
7362:
7153:
7152:
6791:another such page
6696:978-0-06-017596-2
6667:Winchester, Simon
6659:978-0-19-860702-1
6640:Winchester, Simon
6607:Winchester, Simon
6599:978-0-691-03719-6
6571:978-1-784-74493-9
6550:978-1-107-60569-5
6486:978-0-224-04010-5
6428:978-0-19-861069-4
6405:978-0-199-28362-0
6367:978-0-300-12429-3
6350:Brewer, Charlotte
6339:Examining the OED
6331:Brewer, Charlotte
6119:on 13 August 2022
6060:Rickford, Russell
6029:Brewer, Charlotte
5724:978-0-19-860045-9
5712:Thompson, Della.
5698:978-0-19-969612-3
5674:978-0-19-861134-9
5317:alt.english.usage
5219:978-0-19-861258-2
4943:Examining the OED
4935:Brewer, Charlotte
4825:Winchester, Simon
4710:978-0-19-860027-5
4686:978-0-19-861299-5
4662:978-0-19-861292-6
4594:Examining the OED
4586:Brewer, Charlotte
4560:Examining the OED
4552:Brewer, Charlotte
4472:Los Angeles Times
4025:978-1-107-02183-9
3720:978-0-19-860702-1
3690:978-0-300-08919-6
3624:978-0-300-10699-2
3474:978-0-06-083978-9
3434:978-0-19-985871-2
3233:television aerial
3146:978-0-19-158346-9
2788:four-letter words
2724:has stated that "
2391:978-0-19-957315-8
2369:978-0-19-956594-8
2339:978-0-19-956383-8
2296:978-0-19-522216-6
2227:Microsoft Windows
2146:978-0-19-861258-2
2123:Bausch & Lomb
1946:978-0-19-860027-5
1921:978-0-19-861299-5
1896:978-0-19-861292-6
1821:Los Angeles Times
1625:, was written by
1601:, Canada, at the
1528:
1527:
1485:978-0-19-861186-8
1463:Publication place
1342:Robert Burchfield
1325:Second supplement
1084:, marked with an
853:Herbert Coleridge
777:Herbert Coleridge
769:Oxford University
756:
755:
355:Kangxi Dictionary
285:was for the verb
192:Historical nature
130:
129:
21:Oxford dictionary
7981:
7921:
7920:
7909:
7908:
7900:
7815:Urban Dictionary
7727:Canadian English
7665:American English
7422:
7415:
7408:
7399:
7398:
7181:
7180:
6888:
6887:
6864:Internet Archive
6809:
6805:
6803:
6730:
6725:
6724:
6722:Official website
6709:
6708:
6662:
6635:
6633:
6627:. Archived from
6611:"History of the
6602:
6575:
6553:
6528:
6526:
6514:
6502:
6489:
6466:
6457:
6455:
6450:on 20 April 2020
6446:. Archived from
6431:
6408:
6383:
6370:
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6317:
6316:
6304:
6298:
6297:
6285:
6279:
6278:
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6244:
6243:
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6239:
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6191:
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6166:
6160:
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6157:
6155:
6146:. Gamurs Group.
6135:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6115:. Archived from
6105:
6099:
6098:
6087:
6081:
6080:
6069:
6058:Rickford, John;
6055:
6049:
6048:
6025:
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5904:
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5897:
5895:
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5878:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5861:
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5842:
5836:
5825:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5814:
5799:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5774:
5767:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5745:World Wide Words
5737:Quinion, Michael
5733:
5727:
5710:
5704:
5702:
5685:
5679:
5678:
5666:
5656:
5650:
5649:
5639:
5616:"Shortening the
5607:
5601:
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5579:
5570:
5564:
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5561:
5559:
5550:. Archived from
5544:
5538:
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5524:. Archived from
5514:
5508:
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5505:
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5445:
5439:
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5415:
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5406:
5404:
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5376:
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5356:. Archived from
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5340:
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5337:
5335:
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5298:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5284:. Archived from
5273:
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5241:(4â5): 385â395.
5230:
5224:
5223:
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5200:
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5197:
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5142:
5140:
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5101:. Archived from
5091:
5085:
5084:
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5056:
5050:
5049:
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5020:
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4993:
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4990:
4988:
4979:. Archived from
4968:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4954:
4931:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4911:. Archived from
4901:
4895:
4894:
4892:
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4871:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4857:
4851:
4841:. Archived from
4821:
4815:
4814:
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4810:
4799:CogSci Librarian
4790:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4757:
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4590:"Review of OED3"
4582:
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4397:Internet Archive
4394:
4392:
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4317:
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4282:
4280:
4260:
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4248:
4242:. Archived from
4217:
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4198:
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4193:
4191:
4182:. Archived from
4176:
4170:
4169:
4167:
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4156:. Archived from
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
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4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4080:
4074:
4073:
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4040:
4037:Internet Archive
4034:
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3994:
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3809:
3807:
3805:
3799:
3788:
3779:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3756:. Archived from
3746:
3740:
3739:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3704:
3695:
3694:
3678:
3668:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3645:. Archived from
3635:
3629:
3628:
3608:
3587:
3586:
3578:
3547:
3546:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3466:
3456:
3439:
3438:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3400:. Archived from
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3378:on 30 March 2013
3374:. Archived from
3364:
3358:
3357:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3174:. Archived from
3164:
3151:
3150:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3112:. Archived from
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3071:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3023:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2971:
2839:
2792:
2784:Victorian morals
2707:
2616:), or the Latin
2520:rather than the
2468:, was edited by
2449:King James Bible
2419:
2181:
2165:
2089:Compact editions
2069:
2014:Michael Proffitt
1850:Additions series
1797:
1793:
1789:
1593:. A specialized
1524:PE1625 .O87 1989
1520:
1494:
1454:Publication date
1403:
1396:
1392:
1198:J. R. R. Tolkien
374:
373:
365:
347:
339:
331:
210:
150:English language
126:
121:
118:
116:
47:
40:
34:
7989:
7988:
7984:
7983:
7982:
7980:
7979:
7978:
7929:
7928:
7927:
7915:
7903:
7895:
7893:
7888:
7829:
7796:
7762:
7736:Canadian Oxford
7721:
7659:
7589:British English
7583:
7469:
7431:
7426:
7132:Vol. 10, part 2
7116:Vol. 10, part 1
6872:1888â1933 Issue
6860:
6807:
6801:
6797:
6787:Wayback Machine
6768:Wayback Machine
6751:Wayback Machine
6720:
6719:
6716:
6697:
6665:
6660:
6638:
6631:
6609:(27 May 2007).
6600:
6580:Willinsky, John
6578:
6572:
6551:
6532:
6524:
6505:
6487:
6471:Green, Jonathon
6469:
6464:5 November 2006
6453:
6451:
6429:
6413:Gilliver, Peter
6411:
6406:
6388:Gilliver, Peter
6386:
6368:
6348:
6326:
6324:Further reading
6321:
6320:
6305:
6301:
6286:
6282:
6267:
6263:
6251:
6247:
6237:
6235:
6231:
6220:
6214:
6210:
6199:
6195:
6185:
6183:
6168:
6167:
6163:
6153:
6151:
6136:
6132:
6122:
6120:
6107:
6106:
6102:
6088:
6084:
6078:
6056:
6052:
6026:
6022:
6004:
6002:
5993:
5992:
5988:
5973:
5969:
5959:
5957:
5936:
5932:
5922:
5920:
5905:
5901:
5891:
5889:
5880:
5879:
5875:
5865:
5863:
5854:Financial Times
5843:
5839:
5826:
5822:
5812:
5810:
5809:on 3 April 2006
5801:
5800:
5796:
5786:
5784:
5769:
5768:
5764:
5754:
5752:
5734:
5730:
5711:
5707:
5699:
5687:
5686:
5682:
5675:
5657:
5653:
5612:Tompa, Frank Wm
5608:
5604:
5594:
5592:
5588:
5577:
5571:
5567:
5557:
5555:
5546:
5545:
5541:
5531:
5529:
5516:
5515:
5511:
5501:
5499:
5486:
5485:
5481:
5471:
5469:
5454:Financial Times
5446:
5442:
5432:
5430:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5402:
5400:
5399:on 5 April 2007
5377:
5373:
5363:
5361:
5360:on 29 June 2009
5348:
5347:
5343:
5333:
5331:
5305:
5301:
5291:
5289:
5274:
5270:
5231:
5227:
5220:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5193:
5191:
5183:
5182:
5178:
5168:
5166:
5153:
5152:
5148:
5138:
5136:
5123:
5122:
5118:
5108:
5106:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5078:
5076:
5057:
5053:
5043:
5041:
5028:
5027:
5023:
5000:
4996:
4986:
4984:
4969:
4962:
4952:
4950:
4932:
4928:
4918:
4916:
4903:
4902:
4898:
4888:
4886:
4873:
4872:
4865:
4855:
4853:
4845:
4827:(27 May 2007).
4822:
4818:
4808:
4806:
4791:
4787:
4777:
4775:
4767:The Irish Times
4758:
4754:
4744:
4742:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4699:
4698:
4694:
4687:
4675:
4674:
4670:
4663:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4636:
4634:
4621:
4620:
4613:
4603:
4601:
4583:
4579:
4569:
4567:
4549:
4545:
4535:
4533:
4520:
4519:
4512:
4490:Boston, Richard
4487:
4483:
4468:
4464:
4454:
4452:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4424:
4422:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4376:Clarendon Press
4366:, eds. (1989).
4357:
4353:
4343:
4341:
4328:
4327:
4323:
4313:
4311:
4298:
4297:
4288:
4278:
4276:
4261:
4254:
4246:
4215:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4189:
4187:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4163:
4161:
4147:
4143:
4133:
4131:
4118:
4117:
4108:
4098:
4096:
4081:
4077:
4067:
4065:
4048:
4044:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4004:
4000:
3990:
3988:
3978:
3974:
3943:
3939:
3929:
3927:
3914:
3913:
3906:
3875:
3861:, eds. (1933).
3844:
3840:
3835:
3831:
3826:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3786:
3780:
3773:
3763:
3761:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3732:
3728:
3721:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3669:
3662:
3652:
3650:
3649:on 13 June 2021
3637:
3636:
3632:
3625:
3609:
3590:
3579:
3550:
3528:
3524:
3489:Gilliver, Peter
3486:
3482:
3475:
3457:
3442:
3435:
3421:
3417:
3407:
3405:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3381:
3379:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3330:Gilliver, Peter
3327:
3323:
3313:
3311:
3296:
3292:
3282:
3280:
3265:
3261:
3251:
3249:
3236:
3230:
3226:
3216:
3214:
3201:
3195:
3191:
3181:
3179:
3166:
3165:
3154:
3147:
3133:
3129:
3119:
3117:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3072:
3065:
3055:
3053:
3038:
3034:
3021:
3019:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2991:
2989:
2972:
2955:
2950:
2873:
2856:
2837:
2802:obscenity trial
2790:
2705:
2674:markup language
2668:), credits the
2650:Stanley Baldwin
2646:
2628:insofar as the
2558:
2556:Oxford spelling
2552:
2417:
2411:
2192:
2185:
2182:
2173:
2166:
2154:Compact Edition
2131:Compact Edition
2119:Compact Edition
2099:Compact Edition
2091:
2086:
2067:
2046:
1964:
1852:
1816:Anthony Burgess
1795:
1791:
1787:
1589:the content in
1573:Thus began the
1533:John A. Simpson
1509:
1455:
1406:
1391:
1327:
1243:
1155:William Craigie
1111:Saturday Review
1016:corrugated iron
967:
842:
836:
822:with the title
761:
388:
383:
372:
235:
208:
194:
152:, published by
113:
105:
59:
54:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7987:
7977:
7976:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7926:
7925:
7913:
7890:
7889:
7887:
7886:
7879:
7872:
7865:
7858:
7851:
7843:
7841:
7831:
7830:
7828:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7806:
7804:
7798:
7797:
7795:
7794:
7787:
7780:
7772:
7770:
7764:
7763:
7761:
7760:
7753:
7746:
7739:
7731:
7729:
7723:
7722:
7720:
7719:
7712:
7705:
7698:
7691:
7684:
7677:
7669:
7667:
7661:
7660:
7658:
7657:
7650:
7649:
7648:
7641:
7634:
7627:
7620:
7608:
7601:
7593:
7591:
7585:
7584:
7582:
7581:
7574:
7567:
7559:
7551:
7548:New Dictionary
7543:
7535:
7527:
7518:
7510:
7502:
7494:
7486:
7477:
7475:
7471:
7470:
7468:
7467:
7460:
7453:
7445:
7443:
7441:Middle English
7433:
7432:
7425:
7424:
7417:
7410:
7402:
7396:
7395:
7394:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7374:
7373:
7367:
7366:
7365:
7364:
7361:
7360:
7355:
7352:
7348:
7347:
7342:
7339:
7335:
7334:
7329:
7326:
7322:
7321:
7316:
7313:
7309:
7308:
7303:
7300:
7296:
7295:
7290:
7287:
7283:
7282:
7277:
7274:
7270:
7269:
7264:
7261:
7257:
7256:
7251:
7248:
7244:
7243:
7238:
7235:
7231:
7230:
7225:
7222:
7218:
7217:
7212:
7209:
7205:
7204:
7199:
7196:
7192:
7191:
7188:
7185:
7175:
7174:
7166:
7165:
7157:
7156:
7155:
7154:
7151:
7150:
7145:
7142:
7139:
7135:
7134:
7129:
7126:
7123:
7119:
7118:
7113:
7110:
7107:
7103:
7102:
7100:Vol. 9, part 2
7097:
7094:
7091:
7087:
7086:
7084:Vol. 9, part 1
7081:
7078:
7075:
7071:
7070:
7065:
7062:
7059:
7055:
7054:
7052:Vol. 8, part 1
7049:
7046:
7043:
7039:
7038:
7033:
7030:
7027:
7023:
7022:
7020:Vol. 6, part 2
7017:
7014:
7011:
7007:
7006:
7004:Vol. 6, part 1
7001:
6998:
6995:
6991:
6990:
6985:
6982:
6979:
6975:
6974:
6963:
6960:
6957:
6953:
6952:
6944:
6941:
6938:
6934:
6933:
6928:
6925:
6922:
6918:
6917:
6912:
6909:
6906:
6902:
6901:
6898:
6895:
6892:
6882:
6881:
6875:
6867:
6866:
6859:
6856:
6855:
6854:
6852:CD 4.0 upgrade
6844:CD 3.1 upgrade
6817:Second Edition
6813:
6812:
6811:
6808:(1.54 MB)
6799:"sample pages"
6794:
6772:
6771:
6770:
6754:
6715:
6714:External links
6712:
6711:
6710:
6695:
6663:
6658:
6636:
6603:
6598:
6576:
6570:
6554:
6549:
6530:
6515:
6503:
6490:
6485:
6467:
6432:
6427:
6409:
6404:
6384:
6371:
6366:
6346:
6325:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6299:
6280:
6261:
6245:
6208:
6193:
6178:. March 2008.
6161:
6130:
6100:
6082:
6076:
6050:
6039:(3): 298â299.
6020:
5986:
5967:
5950:Canadian Press
5930:
5899:
5873:
5837:
5820:
5794:
5772:"-ize, suffix"
5762:
5728:
5705:
5697:
5680:
5673:
5651:
5630:(3): 213â232.
5602:
5565:
5554:on 6 July 2014
5539:
5528:on 7 July 2014
5509:
5479:
5440:
5429:on 6 June 2014
5410:
5371:
5341:
5299:
5288:on 6 July 2014
5268:
5225:
5218:
5201:
5176:
5146:
5135:on 6 July 2014
5116:
5105:on 21 May 2014
5086:
5051:
5021:
4994:
4983:on 6 July 2014
4960:
4926:
4896:
4863:
4816:
4785:
4752:
4716:
4709:
4692:
4685:
4668:
4661:
4644:
4633:on 16 May 2008
4611:
4577:
4543:
4510:
4481:
4462:
4432:
4402:
4384:
4364:Weiner, E.S.C.
4360:Simpson, J. A.
4351:
4340:on 16 May 2008
4321:
4310:on 16 May 2008
4286:
4252:
4200:
4171:
4141:
4130:on 16 May 2008
4106:
4075:
4042:
4024:
3998:
3972:
3937:
3926:on 16 May 2008
3904:
3873:
3855:Craigie, W. A.
3851:Bradley, Henry
3838:
3829:
3820:
3811:
3771:
3741:
3726:
3719:
3696:
3689:
3660:
3630:
3623:
3588:
3548:
3522:
3480:
3473:
3440:
3433:
3415:
3404:on 9 July 2021
3389:
3359:
3321:
3290:
3259:
3248:on 16 May 2008
3224:
3213:on 16 May 2008
3189:
3178:on 6 July 2014
3152:
3145:
3127:
3097:
3063:
3032:
2999:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2872:
2869:
2855:
2852:
2699:Virginia Woolf
2695:Samuel Beckett
2652:described the
2645:
2642:
2554:Main article:
2551:
2548:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2325:Full version (
2320:
2319:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2285:
2284:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2176:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2136:The 20-volume
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2045:
2042:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1880:World Wide Web
1851:
1848:
1836:, writing for
1834:Richard Boston
1781:transliterated
1665:retronymically
1635:A. Walton Litz
1627:Mike Cowlishaw
1526:
1525:
1522:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1466:United Kingdom
1464:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1405:Second Edition
1404:
1390:
1389:Second edition
1387:
1326:
1323:
1297:his coronation
1249:to the end of
1242:
1239:
1229:, and two for
1196:In 1919â1920,
1102:British Museum
966:
965:Oxford editors
963:
835:
832:
814:
813:
810:
807:
801:
798:
795:
792:
760:
757:
754:
753:
750:
745:
742:
738:
737:
734:
729:
726:
722:
721:
718:
712:
709:
705:
704:
701:
695:
692:
688:
687:
684:
678:
675:
671:
670:
667:
661:
658:
654:
653:
650:
644:
641:
637:
636:
633:
628:
625:
621:
620:
617:
612:
609:
605:
604:
601:
596:
593:
589:
588:
585:
580:
577:
573:
572:
569:
564:
561:
557:
556:
553:
548:
545:
541:
540:
537:
532:
529:
525:
524:
521:
516:
513:
509:
508:
505:
500:
497:
493:
492:
489:
484:
481:
477:
476:
473:
468:
465:
461:
460:
457:
452:
449:
445:
444:
441:
436:
433:
429:
428:
425:
420:
417:
413:
412:
409:
404:
401:
397:
396:
393:
390:
385:
379:
378:
371:
368:
318:Grimm brothers
305:in 2007, then
301:in 2000, then
271:pronunciations
234:
231:
193:
190:
128:
127:
111:
107:
106:
104:
103:
100:
97:
93:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
67:United Kingdom
65:
61:
60:
56:
55:
48:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7986:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7936:
7934:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7901:
7898:
7885:
7884:
7880:
7878:
7877:
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7757:Gage Canadian
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7068:Vol.8, part 2
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6853:
6849:
6845:
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6830:
6826:
6822:
6818:
6814:
6810:from the OED.
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6758:
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6683:HarperCollins
6680:
6677:(hardcover),
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6436:Gleick, James
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6394:(hardcover),
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3870:
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3859:Onions, C. T.
3856:
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3760:on 4 May 2016
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3340:(34): 10â23.
3339:
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3080:The Telegraph
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3046:The Telegraph
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2829:
2828:
2824:had included
2823:
2819:
2818:Joseph Wright
2815:
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2809:
2808:
2804:in 1960. The
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2796:
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2774:
2770:
2766:
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2758:
2754:
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2733:for words of
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2606:globalisation
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2017:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
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1992:
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1962:Third edition
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1753:Unemancipated
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1650:By 1989, the
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1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1611:Gaston Gonnet
1608:
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1596:
1595:search engine
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1519:LC Class
1515:
1511:
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1507:Dewey Decimal
1503:
1500:
1497:
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1489:
1486:
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1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1458:30 March 1989
1457:
1451:
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1427:
1423:
1420:
1419:Edmund Weiner
1416:
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1364:
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1098:Henry Bradley
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1036:Francis March
1033:
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922:schizophrenia
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864:
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834:Early editors
831:
829:
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819:comprehensive
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789:
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748:OED Add. Ser.
746:
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735:
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732:OED Add. Ser.
730:
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291:phrasal verbs
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245:, devised by
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6448:the original
6444:James Gleick
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4089:The Guardian
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4066:. Retrieved
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3924:the original
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3758:the original
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3647:the original
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3402:the original
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3079:
3054:. Retrieved
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2979:
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2004:
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1286:
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1274:Cursor Mundi
1272:
1265:George Eliot
1258:
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7566:(1889â1891)
7558:(1847â1850)
6972:(version 3)
6969:(version 2)
6950:(version 2)
6858:1st edition
6848:CD 4.0 full
6836:New Edition
6623:(Podcast).
6309:Linguistics
6253:Gross, John
6227:: 834â845.
5584:: 229â233.
5364:26 December
5010:(1): 1â49.
4837:(Podcast).
4536:16 December
4441:"Series 83"
4415:UKGameshows
4411:"Countdown"
3793:: 579â587.
3503:: 175â183.
3283:26 December
3022:13 November
2992:13 December
2865:word blends
2731:etymologies
2714:descriptive
2626:Americanism
2620:. However,
2542:, with the
2437:Shakespeare
2318:dictionary.
2105:pages in a
2055:antedatings
2031:Application
1667:became the
1607:Frank Tompa
1311:Marie Curie
1225:, five for
1094:Philip Gell
1020:Scriptorium
953:, starring
943:(US title:
918:W. C. Minor
912:, 1834â1920
896:Henry Nicol
892:Henry Sweet
874:, aged 30.
865:, 1825â1910
382:Publication
275:etymologies
7933:Categories
7820:Wiktionary
7540:Dictionary
7521:Johnson's
7371:HathiTrust
7148:Supplement
6780:statistics
6315:: 579â590.
6171:"fuck, v."
5983:: 935â936.
5960:9 February
4856:1 December
4809:23 October
4496:. London.
4374:. Oxford:
3382:21 October
3198:sauna-like
2948:References
2686:Roy Harris
2447:, and the
2250:OED Online
2127:book clubs
1996:OED Online
1987:OED Online
1968:OED Online
1940:Volume 3 (
1915:Volume 2 (
1890:Volume 1 (
1796:conflation
1587:marking up
1583:typography
1437:Dictionary
1379:loan words
1293:Edward VII
1034:professor
955:Mel Gibson
838:See also:
736:Vols. 1â2
587:Vol. 10/2
571:Vol. 10/1
279:quotations
273:; 249,300
7923:Languages
7791:Macquarie
6632:(podcast)
6625:Big Ideas
6620:TVOntario
6296:: 103942.
6290:Cognition
6154:13 August
6123:13 August
6005:30 August
5829:-ise/-ize
5827:See also
5558:6 January
5502:6 January
5462:0307-1766
5393:1361-3200
5313:Newsgroup
5194:12 August
5185:"Updates"
5079:6 January
4839:Big Ideas
4834:TVOntario
4778:27 August
4737:(video).
4240:207600673
3991:2 October
3967:162931774
3883:a33003399
3764:3 October
3517:143763718
3354:123682722
3056:11 August
2830:in 1905.
2795:profanity
2024:Editorial
1876:Additions
1804:Countdown
1729:Quemadero
1605:, led by
1579:Reed Tech
1443:Publisher
1336:retypeset
1067:Mill Hill
1053:, cost 12
959:Sean Penn
720:20 vols.
635:13 vols.
631:Oxford ED
603:10 vols.
555:Vol. 9/2
539:Vol. 9/1
267:headwords
259:megabytes
166:fascicles
156:(OUP), a
90:Published
80:Publisher
7835:Learners
7598:Chambers
7474:Historic
6783:Archived
6776:page of
6764:Archived
6747:Archived
6669:(1998),
6642:(2003),
6582:(1995),
6454:16 April
6390:(2016),
6352:(2007),
6277:: 41â53.
6229:Archived
6180:Archived
6148:Archived
6093:(1977),
6062:(2000),
6016:'don'ts.
5954:Archived
5917:Archived
5892:3 August
5886:Archived
5813:3 August
5781:Archived
5749:Archived
5646:16859602
5614:(1992).
5586:Archived
5496:Archived
5466:Archived
5403:18 March
5328:Archived
5307:Bernie.
5263:46572232
5255:30204378
5163:Archived
5073:Archived
4947:Archived
4883:Archived
4803:Archived
4772:Archived
4739:Archived
4598:Archived
4564:Archived
4502:and the
4449:Archived
4419:Archived
4273:Archived
4211:(1987).
4093:Archived
4062:Archived
4031:28 April
3953:: 1â15.
3795:Archived
3533:(1857).
3314:3 August
3308:Archived
3277:Archived
3084:Archived
3050:Archived
3016:Archived
2986:Archived
2871:See also
2761:Mandinka
2752:badmouth
2716:usage.
2662:Tim Bray
2658:Anu Garg
2592:, e.g.,
2550:Spelling
2424:itself.
2050:Wordhunt
2028:Notation
1768:headword
1709:Interval
1499:17648714
1425:Language
1313:won the
1283:bondmaid
988:and the
805:synonyms
547:Su to Th
531:Si to St
407:A New ED
72:Language
7897:Portals
7825:Wordnik
7688:Encarta
7654:Penguin
7645:Shorter
7638:Concise
7631:Compact
7605:Collins
7315:SoleâSz
7302:SâSoldo
7187:Letters
7172:Society
6897:Letters
6706:2566457
6238:28 July
5755:29 July
5472:22 June
5385:Ariadne
5321:Usenet:
5315::
5155:"About"
4889:7 March
4734:YouTube
4455:25 June
4391:7 April
3899:180268M
3891:2748467
3306:. OED.
3008:"About"
2638:analyze
2634:analyse
2598:realise
2594:realize
2508:. Once
2445:Spenser
2107:four-up
2084:Formats
1832:", and
1830:Everest
1697:Dvandva
1659:or the
1433:Subject
1428:English
1210:Warlock
1026:as for
1024:abusion
759:Origins
752:Vol. 3
717:2nd Ed.
703:Vol. 4
694:Se to Z
686:Vol. 3
677:O to Sa
669:Vol. 2
652:Vol. 1
619:Suppl.
563:Ti to U
523:Vol. 8
515:Q to Sh
507:Vol. 7
499:O and P
491:Vol. 6
475:Vol. 5
459:Vol. 4
451:F and G
443:Vol. 3
435:D and E
427:Vol. 2
411:Vol. 1
403:A and B
395:Volume
370:History
161:world.
148:of the
110:Website
75:English
64:Country
7802:Online
7611:Oxford
7534:(1828)
7526:(1755)
7517:(1721)
7509:(1702)
7501:(1658)
7493:(1596)
7485:(1483)
7289:PoyâRy
7190:Links
6988:Vol. 5
6966:Vol. 4
6947:Vol. 3
6931:Vol. 2
6915:Vol. 1
6900:Links
6806:
6789:, and
6774:Their
6757:Murray
6740:Trench
6703:
6693:
6656:
6596:
6568:
6547:
6483:
6425:
6402:
6364:
6186:1 June
6074:
5923:4 June
5866:3 June
5787:1 June
5722:
5695:
5671:
5644:
5595:7 June
5532:7 June
5460:
5433:7 June
5391:
5334:7 June
5323:
5292:7 June
5261:
5253:
5216:
5169:9 June
5139:8 June
5109:8 June
5044:7 June
4987:1 June
4953:7 June
4919:1 June
4745:7 June
4707:
4683:
4659:
4637:16 May
4604:7 June
4570:7 June
4425:2 June
4382:
4344:16 May
4314:16 May
4279:7 June
4238:
4190:3 July
4180:"LEXX"
4164:4 June
4134:16 May
4099:8 June
4068:8 June
4022:
3965:
3930:16 May
3897:
3889:
3881:
3871:
3804:8 June
3717:
3687:
3653:7 June
3621:
3545:: 3â8.
3515:
3471:
3431:
3408:2 July
3352:
3252:16 May
3217:16 May
3182:1 June
3143:
3120:26 May
3090:8 June
2847:radium
2618:-izÄre
2614:-izein
2610:-ÎčζΔÎčÎœ
2578:center
2570:centre
2566:labour
2441:Milton
2389:
2367:
2359:
2337:
2329:
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