Agnosticism - Knowledge

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neither art nor part with any of these denominations, except the last. The one thing in which most of these good people were agreed was the one thing in which I differed from them. They were quite sure they had attained a certain "gnosis"—had, more or less successfully, solved the problem of existence; while I was quite sure I had not, and had a pretty strong conviction that the problem was insoluble. And, with Hume and Kant on my side, I could not think myself presumptuous in holding fast by that opinion ... So I took thought, and invented what I conceived to be the appropriate title of "agnostic". It came into my head as suggestively antithetic to the "gnostic" of Church history, who professed to know so much about the very things of which I was ignorant. ... To my great satisfaction the term took.

1702:, a distinction between agnosticism and atheism is unwieldy and depends on how close to zero a person is willing to rate the probability of existence for any given god-like entity. About himself, Dawkins continues, "I am agnostic only to the extent that I am agnostic about fairies at the bottom of the garden." Dawkins also identifies two categories of agnostics; "Temporary Agnostics in Practice" (TAPs), and "Permanent Agnostics in Principle" (PAPs). He states that "agnosticism about the existence of God belongs firmly in the temporary or TAP category. Either he exists or he doesn't. It is a scientific question; one day we may know the answer, and meanwhile we can say something pretty strong about the probability", and considers PAP a "deeply inescapable kind of fence-sitting". 1532: 1510:

Neither is it enough to realize how probable it is that a personal God would have to show human beings how to live, considering they have so much trouble on their own. Nor is it enough to believe for the reason that, throughout history, millions of people have arrived at this Wholeness of Reality only through religious experience. The aforementioned reasons may warm one toward religion, but they fall short of convincing. However, if one presupposes that God is in fact a knowable, loving person, as an experiment, and then lives according to that religion, he or she will suddenly come face to face with experiences previously unknown. One's life becomes full, meaningful, and fearless in the face of death. It does not defy reason but

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cannot see one shadow or tittle of evidence that the great unknown underlying the phenomenon of the universe stands to us in the relation of a Father loves us and cares for us as Christianity asserts. So with regard to the other great Christian dogmas, immortality of soul and future state of rewards and punishments, what possible objection can I—who am compelled perforce to believe in the immortality of what we call Matter and Force, and in a very unmistakable present state of rewards and punishments for our deeds—have to these doctrines? Give me a scintilla of evidence, and I am ready to jump at them.

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be folly to attempt it. For at the very outset, in beginning my proof, I would have presupposed it, not as doubtful but as certain (a presupposition is never doubtful, for the very reason that it is a presupposition), since otherwise I would not begin, readily understanding that the whole would be impossible if he did not exist. But if when I speak of proving God's existence I mean that I propose to prove that the Unknown, which exists, is God, then I express myself unfortunately. For in that case I do not prove anything, least of all an existence, but merely develop the content of a conception.

2000:"When used in this epistemological sense, the term “agnosticism” can very naturally be extended beyond the issue of what is or can be known to cover a large family of positions, depending on what sort of “positive epistemic status” is at issue. For example, it might be identified with any of the following positions: that neither theistic belief nor atheistic belief is justified, that neither theistic belief nor atheistic belief is rationally required, that neither belief is rationally permissible, that neither has warrant, that neither is reasonable, or that neither is probable." 1543: 1031: 6737: 1656:. He blames the exclusion of reasoning from religion and ethics for dangerous pathologies such as crimes against humanity and ecological disasters. "Agnosticism", said Benedict, "is always the fruit of a refusal of that knowledge which is in fact offered to man ... The knowledge of God has always existed". He asserted that agnosticism is a choice of comfort, pride, dominion, and utility over truth, and is opposed by the following attitudes: the keenest 1890: 6727: 4487:, 115: "There can be no way of proving that the existence of a God ... is even probable. ... For if the existence of such a god were probable, then the proposition that he existed would be an empirical hypothesis. And in that case it would be possible to deduce from it, and other empirical hypotheses, certain experimental propositions which were not deducible from those other hypotheses alone. But in fact this is not possible." 1059: 1198: 1463:, had completely altered the environment, often disfiguring it, so as to suggest its insufficiency to human needs. Thirdly, because scientists were constantly producing more data—to the point where no single human could grasp it all at once—it followed that human intelligence was incapable of attaining a complete understanding of universe; therefore, to admit the mysteries of the unobserved universe was to be 1878: 707:, while admitting that the narrow definition of atheist was the common usage definition of that word, and admitting that the broad definition of agnostic was the common usage definition of that word, promoted broadening the definition of atheist and narrowing the definition of agnostic. Smith rejects agnosticism as a third alternative to 1962:. n. :# A person who believes that nothing is known or can be known of immaterial things, especially of the existence or nature of God. :# In extended use: a person who is not persuaded by or committed to a particular point of view; a sceptic. Also: person of indeterminate ideology or conviction; an equivocator. : 2098:

or the belief that God does not exist. In so far as one holds that our beliefs are rational only if they are sufficiently supported by the human reason, the person who accepts the philosophical position of agnosticism will hold that neither the belief that God exists nor the belief that God does not exist is rational.

1436:(violent weather); Bell argued that modern peoples were still paying homage—with their lives and their children's lives—to these old gods of wealth, physical appetites, and self-deification. Thus, if one attempted to be agnostic passively, he or she would incidentally join the worship of the world's gods. 2504:

People are invariably surprised to hear me say I am both an atheist and an agnostic, as if this somehow weakens my certainty. I usually reply with a question like, "Well, are you a Republican or an American?" The two words serve different concepts and are not mutually exclusive. Agnosticism addresses

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sees merit in examining what it calls "partial agnosticism", specifically those systems that "do not aim at constructing a complete philosophy of the unknowable, but at excluding special kinds of truth, notably religious, from the domain of knowledge". However, the Church is historically opposed to a

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To be religious, in the Christian sense, is to live for the Whole of Reality (God) rather than for a small part (gods). Only by treating this Whole of Reality as a person—good and true and perfect—rather than an impersonal force, can we come closer to the Truth. An ultimate Person can be loved, but a

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Also called "soft", "open", "empirical", "hopeful", or "temporal agnosticism", weak agnosticism is the view that the existence or nonexistence of any deities is currently unknown but is not necessarily unknowable; therefore, one will withhold judgment until evidence, if any, becomes available. A weak

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principle may be stated in various ways, but they all amount to this: that it is wrong for a man to say that he is certain of the objective truth of any proposition unless he can produce evidence which logically justifies that certainty. This is what Agnosticism asserts; and, in my opinion, it is all

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While the pious might wish to look to the gods to provide absolute moral guidance in the relativistic universe of the Sophistic Enlightenment, that certainty also was cast into doubt by philosophic and sophistic thinkers, who pointed out the absurdity and immorality of the conventional epic accounts

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When I reached intellectual maturity and began to ask myself whether I was an atheist, a theist, or a pantheist; a materialist or an idealist; Christian or a freethinker; I found that the more I learned and reflected, the less ready was the answer; until, at last, I came to the conclusion that I had

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reasons against orthodoxy, and I have by nature and disposition the greatest possible antipathy to all the atheistic and infidel school. Nevertheless I know that I am, in spite of myself, exactly what the Christian would call, and, so far as I can see, is justified in calling, atheist and infidel. I

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The first time that M. Hume found himself at the table of the Baron, he was seated beside him. I don't know for what purpose the English philosopher took it into his head to remark to the Baron that he did not believe in atheists, that he had never seen any. The Baron said to him: "Count how many we

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Being a scientist, above all else, Huxley presented agnosticism as a form of demarcation. A hypothesis with no supporting, objective, testable evidence is not an objective, scientific claim. As such, there would be no way to test said hypotheses, leaving the results inconclusive. His agnosticism was

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Properly considered, agnosticism is not a third alternative to theism and atheism because it is concerned with a different aspect of religious belief. Theism and atheism refer to the presence or absence of belief in a god; agnosticism refers to the impossibility of knowledge with regard to a god or

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In the popular sense, an agnostic is someone who neither believes nor disbelieves in God, whereas an atheist disbelieves in God. In the strict sense, however, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists

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The terms "agnostic" and "agnosticism" were famously coined in the late nineteenth century by the English biologist, T.H. Huxley. He said that he originally invented the word "Agnostic" to denote people who, like , confess themselves to be hopelessly ignorant concerning a variety of matters , about

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was that they were not denouncing true Christianity but rather "a gross perversion of it". Part of the misunderstanding stemmed from ignorance of the concepts of God and religion. Historically, a god was any real, perceivable force that ruled the lives of humans and inspired admiration, love, fear,

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clergyman. While eventually doubting parts of his faith, Darwin continued to help in church affairs, even while avoiding church attendance. Darwin stated that it would be "absurd to doubt that a man might be an ardent theist and an evolutionist". Although reticent about his religious views, in 1879

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Let us call this unknown something: God. It is nothing more than a name we assign to it. The idea of demonstrating that this unknown something (God) exists, could scarcely suggest itself to Reason. For if God does not exist it would of course be impossible to prove it; and if he does exist it would

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The view that no amount of debate can prove or disprove the existence of one or more deities, and if one or more deities exist, they do not appear to be concerned about the fate of humans. Therefore, their existence has little to no impact on personal human affairs and should be of little interest.

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Also called "hard", "closed", "strict", or "permanent agnosticism", strong agnosticism is the view that the question of the existence or nonexistence of a deity or deities, and the nature of ultimate reality is unknowable by reason of our natural inability to verify any experience with anything but

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As a philosopher, if I were speaking to a purely philosophic audience I should say that I ought to describe myself as an Agnostic, because I do not think that there is a conclusive argument by which one can prove that there is not a God. On the other hand, if I am to convey the right impression to

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Agnosticism, in fact, is not a creed, but a method, the essence of which lies in the rigorous application of a single principle ... Positively the principle may be expressed: In matters of the intellect, follow your reason as far as it will take you, without regard to any other consideration.

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To believe in the existence of a god is an act of faith. To believe in the nonexistence of a god is likewise an act of faith. There is no verifiable evidence that there is a Supreme Being nor is there verifiable evidence there is not a Supreme Being. Faith is not knowledge. We can only state with

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There are many reasons to believe in God but they are not sufficient for an agnostic to become a theist. It is not enough to believe in an ancient holy book, even though when it is accurately analyzed without bias, it proves to be more trustworthy and admirable than what we are taught in school.

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Truth cannot be discovered by reasoning on the evidence of scientific data alone. Modern peoples' dissatisfaction with life is the result of depending on such incomplete data. Our ability to reason is not a way to discover Truth but rather a way to organize our knowledge and experiences somewhat

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I think that if I heard a voice from the sky predicting all that was going to happen to me during the next twenty-four hours, including events that would have seemed highly improbable, and if all these events then produced to happen, I might perhaps be convinced at least of the existence of some

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That my personality is the surest thing I know may be true. But the attempt to conceive what it is leads me into mere verbal subtleties. I have champed up all that chaff about the ego and the non-ego, noumena and phenomena, and all the rest of it, too often not to know that in attempting even to

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in 1869 "to denote people who, like , confess themselves to be hopelessly ignorant concerning a variety of matters , about which metaphysicians and theologians, both orthodox and heterodox, dogmatise with the utmost confidence." Earlier thinkers had written works that promoted agnostic points of

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adj. :# Of or relating to the belief that the existence of anything beyond and behind material phenomena is unknown and (as far as can be judged) unknowable. Also: holding this belief. :# a. In extended use: not committed to or persuaded by a particular point of view; sceptical. Also:

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No truth should be denied outright, but all should be questioned. Science reveals an ever-growing vision of our universe that should not be discounted due to bias toward older understandings. Reason is to be trusted and cultivated. To believe in God is not to forego reason or to deny scientific

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Agnosticism And Christianity: Therefore, although it be, as I believe, demonstrable that we have no real knowledge of the authorship, or of the date of composition of the Gospels, as they have come down to us, and that nothing better than more or less probable guesses can be arrived at on that

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gives rates for the United States and five European countries. The rates of agnosticism in the United States were at 14%, while the rates of agnosticism in the European countries surveyed were considerably higher: Italy (20%), Spain (30%), Great Britain (35%), Germany (25%), and France (32%).

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Beyond what can be measured with scientific tools, there are other types of perception, such as one's ability know another human through loving. One's loves cannot be dissected and logged in a scientific journal, but we know them far better than we know the surface of the sun. They show us an

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Is there a supernatural power—an arbitrary mind—an enthroned God—a supreme will that sways the tides and currents of the world—to which all causes bow? I do not deny. I do not know—but I do not believe. I believe that the natural is supreme—that from the infinite chain no link can be lost or

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Interestingly, a substantial number of adults who are not affiliated with a religion also sense that there is a conflict between religion and modern society – except for them the conflict involves being non-religious in a society where most people are religious. For instance, more than

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No. An atheist, like a Christian, holds that we can know whether or not there is a God. The Christian holds that we can know there is a God; the atheist, that we can know there is not. The Agnostic suspends judgment, saying that there are not sufficient grounds either for affirmation or for

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Nearly all adults (92%) say they believe in God or a universal spirit, including seven-in-ten of the unaffiliated. Indeed, one-in-five people who identify themselves as atheist (21%) and a majority of those who identify themselves as agnostic (55%) express a belief in God or a universal

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Because God has been experienced through love, the orders of prayer, fellowship, and devotion now matter. They create order within one's life, continually renewing the "missing piece" that had previously felt lost. They empower one to be compassionate and humble, not small-minded or

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The existence and nature of God is a subject of which I can discuss only half. If one arrives at a negative conclusion concerning the first part of the question, the second part of the question does not arise; and my position, as you may have gathered, is a negative one on this

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That which Agnostics deny and repudiate, as immoral, is the contrary doctrine, that there are propositions which men ought to believe, without logically satisfactory evidence; and that reprobation ought to attach to the profession of disbelief in such inadequately supported

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contended that meaningful statements about the universe are always qualified by some degree of doubt. He asserted that the fallibility of human beings means that they cannot obtain absolute certainty except in trivial cases where a statement is true by definition (e.g.

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In recent years, scientific literature dealing with neuroscience and psychology has used the word to mean "not knowable". In technical and marketing literature, "agnostic" can also mean independence from some parameters—for example, "platform agnostic" (referring to

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of the gods. Protagoras' prose treatise about the gods began "Concerning the gods, I have no means of knowing whether they exist or not or of what sort they may be. Many things prevent knowledge including the obscurity of the subject and the brevity of human life."

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Therefore, although it be, as I believe, demonstrable that we have no real knowledge of the authorship, or of the date of composition of the Gospels, as they have come down to us, and that nothing better than more or less probable guesses can be arrived at on that

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Agnosticism is criticized from a variety of standpoints. Some atheists criticize the use of the term agnosticism as functionally indistinguishable from atheism; this results in frequent criticisms of those who adopt the term as avoiding the atheist label.

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knowledge; atheism addresses belief. The agnostic says, "I don't have a knowledge that God exists." The atheist says, "I don't have a belief that God exists." You can say both things at the same time. Some agnostics are atheistic and some are theistic.

1592:, conducted by the Pew Research Center, 55% of agnostic respondents expressed "a belief in God or a universal spirit", whereas 41% stated that they thought that they felt a tension "being non-religious in a society where most people are religious". 1371:

I believe that with infinite arms Nature embraces the all—that there is no interference—no chance—that behind every event are the necessary and countless causes, and that beyond every event will be and must be the necessary and countless effects.

1726:, and other philosophers see both atheism and agnosticism as incompatible with ignosticism on the grounds that atheism and agnosticism accept the statement "a deity exists" as a meaningful proposition that can be argued for or against. 805:, which proposes that it is impossible to obtain knowledge of metaphysical nature or ascertain the truth value of philosophical propositions; and even if knowledge was possible, it is useless and disadvantageous for final salvation. 1109:

difficulties. Give me such evidence as would justify me in believing in anything else, and I will believe that. Why should I not? It is not half so wonderful as the conservation of force or the indestructibility of matter ...

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the ordinary man in the street I think I ought to say that I am an Atheist, because when I say that I cannot prove that there is not a God, I ought to add equally that I cannot prove that there are not the Homeric gods.

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An agnostic thinks it impossible to know the truth in matters such as God and the future life with which Christianity and other religions are concerned. Or, if not impossible, at least impossible at the present time.

1415:, calling it the foundation of "all intelligent Christianity". Agnosticism was a temporary mindset in which one rigorously questioned the truths of the age, including the way in which one believed God. His view of 1714:, the view that a coherent definition of a deity must be put forward before the question of the existence of a deity can be meaningfully discussed. If the chosen definition is not coherent, the ignostic holds the 2896: 1375:

Is there a God? I do not know. Is man immortal? I do not know. One thing I do know, and that is, that neither hope, nor fear, belief, nor denial, can change the fact. It is as it is, and it will be as it must

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It is no use to talk to me of analogies and probabilities. I know what I mean when I say I believe in the law of the inverse squares, and I will not rest my life and my hopes upon weaker convictions ...

701:, in this strict sense, agnosticism is the view that human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist. 3765:

The religious roots of postmodernism in American culture: an analysis of the postmodern theory of Bernard Iddings Bell and its continued relevance to contemporary postmodern theory and literary criticism

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was how one could "read" people and harmonize with them, being what we commonly call love. In summary, man was a scientist, artist, and lover. Without exercising all three, a person became "lopsided".

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he wrote that "I have never been an atheist in the sense of denying the existence of a God. – I think that generally ... an agnostic would be the most correct description of my state of mind."

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in 1927, a classic statement of agnosticism. He calls upon his readers to "stand on their own two feet and look fair and square at the world with a fearless attitude and a free intelligence".

4832: 601:. Another definition is the view that "human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist." 2665: 7353: 1340: 2123:

If you ask me if there exists another world (after death), ... I don't think so. I don't think in that way. I don't think otherwise. I don't think not. I don't think not not.

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research services normally do not differentiate between various types of non-religious respondents, so agnostics are often classified in the same category as atheists or other

1309:... many professing agnostics are nearer belief in the true God than are many conventional church-goers who believe in a body that does not exist whom they miscall God. 6821: 1485:

to be a person who cannot rightly ignore the other ways of knowing. However, humanism, like agnosticism, was also temporal, and would eventually lead to either scientific

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are here." We are eighteen. The Baron added: "It isn't too bad a showing to be able to point out to you fifteen at once: the three others haven't made up their minds."

1005:, and describing how a word for the position that Huxley would later describe as agnosticism did not seem to exist, or at least was not common knowledge, at the time. 4850: 7278: 1690:

expected value of acknowledging God is always greater than the finite expected value of not acknowledging his existence, and thus it is a safer "bet" to choose God.

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convinced many later philosophers to abandon these attempts, regarding it impossible to construct any unassailable proof for the existence or non-existence of God.

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Of course, the human soul will always have the power to reject God, for choice is essential to its nature, but I cannot believe that anyone will finally do this.

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Let Agnostic Theism stand for that kind of Agnosticism which admits a Divine existence; Agnostic Atheism for that kind of Agnosticism which thinks it does not.

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n. The doctrine or tenets of agnostics with regard to the existence of anything beyond and behind material phenomena or to knowledge of a First Cause or God.

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The Agnostic is an Atheist. The Atheist is an Agnostic. The Agnostic says, 'I do not know, but I do not believe there is any God.' The Atheist says the same.

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Consequently, agnosticism puts aside not only the greater part of popular theology, but also the greater part of anti-theology. On the whole, the "bosh" of

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was how one expressed meaning through speaking, writing, painting, gesturing—any sort of communication which shared insight into a human's inner reality.

1161:(1844–1906) wrote under the name of Saladin. He was associated with Victorian Freethinkers and the organization the British Secular Union. He edited the 4355: 1451:, augmented by scientific instruments, as a means of accurately grasping Reality. Firstly, it was fairly new, an innovation of the Western World, which 1101:

I neither affirm nor deny the immortality of man. I see no reason for believing it, but, on the other hand, I have no means of disproving it. I have no

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lawyer and politician who evolved into a well-known and sought-after orator in 19th-century America, has been referred to as the "Great Agnostic".

1588:, have no religious affiliation. According to a 2012 report by the Pew Research Center, agnostics made up 3.3% of the US adult population. In the 1566:

found that the non-religious people or the agnostics made up about 9.6% of the world's population. A November–December 2006 poll published in the

6773: 5245: 4796: 3962: 774:(knowledge) to describe "spiritual knowledge". Agnosticism is not to be confused with religious views opposing the ancient religious movement of 489: 4124: 9147: 7466: 1676:

declares, "God, the beginning and end of all, can, by the natural light of human reason, be known with certainty from the works of creation".

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in particular; Huxley used the term in a broader, more abstract sense. Huxley identified agnosticism not as a creed but rather as a method of

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indefinable reality that is nevertheless intimate and personal, and they reveal qualities lovelier and truer than detached facts can provide.

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broken—that there is no supernatural power that can answer prayer—no power that worship can persuade or change—no power that cares for man.

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in principle or unknown in fact. It can also mean an apathy towards such religious belief and refer to personal limitations rather than a

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agnostic would say, "I don't know whether any deities exist or not, but maybe one day, if there is evidence, we can find something out."

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is more offensive to me than that of orthodoxy, because heterodoxy professes to be guided by reason and science, and orthodoxy does not.

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We can be as honest as we are ignorant. If we are, when asked what is beyond the horizon of the known, we must say that we do not know.

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Percentage of people in various European countries who said: "I don't believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force." (2005)

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And negatively: In matters of the intellect do not pretend that conclusions are certain which are not demonstrated or demonstrable.

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revived among the scientific community. Secondly, the divorce of "pure" science from human experience, as manifested in American

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Theistic critics claim that agnosticism is impossible in practice, since a person can live only either as if God did not exist (

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another subjective experience. A strong agnostic would say, "I cannot know whether a deity exists or not, and neither can you."

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An apathetic agnostic would say, "I don't know whether any deity exists or not, and I don't care if any deity exists or not."

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That sort of God is, I think, not one that can actually be disproved, as I think the omnipotent and benevolent creator can.

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does not, in itself, indicate whether or not one believes in a god. Agnosticism can be either theistic or atheistic.

2044: 1984: 1531: 9022: 8383: 7064: 6958: 6811: 5220: 5193: 558: 464: 3688: 1411:(1886–1958), a popular cultural commentator, Episcopal priest, and author, lauded the necessity of agnosticism in 9122: 9057: 8102: 7963: 7044: 6963: 6875: 6740: 6398: 6311: 5287: 5259: 5015: 4725: 1596: 539: 512: 164: 5510: 2011: 1498:

sensibly. Without a full, human perception of the world, one's reason tends to lead them in the wrong direction.

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which metaphysicians and theologians, both orthodox and heterodox, dogmatise with the utmost confidence. (1884)

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In the most general use of the term, agnosticism is the view that we do not know whether there is a God or not.

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cosmic force cannot. A scientist can only discover peripheral truths, but a lover is able to get at the Truth.

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and homage; religion was the practice of it. Ancient peoples worshiped gods with real counterparts, such as

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However, later in the same lecture, discussing modern non-anthropomorphic concepts of God, Russell states:

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objections to the doctrine. No man who has to deal daily and hourly with nature can trouble himself about

1081:(1825–1895) to sum up his thoughts on contemporary developments of metaphysics about the "unconditioned" ( 801:, which translates literally to "not knowable", and relates to the ancient Indian philosophical school of 8483: 7994: 7958: 7948: 7374: 7310: 7201: 6996: 6991: 6927: 6077: 6034: 5564: 5554: 3657:

Brandt, Eric T.; Larsen, Timothy (2011). "The Old Atheism Revisited: Robert G. Ingersoll and the Bible".

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argued that even if there were truly no evidence for God, agnostics should consider what is now known as

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in 1869, his opinions had taken shape some time before that date. In a letter of September 23, 1860, to

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Bell believed that there were two other ways that humans could perceive and interact with the world.

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presented arguments attempting to rationally prove the existence of God. The skeptical empiricism of

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takes an agnostic view on the fundamental question of how the universe and the gods were created.

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four-inten atheists and agnostics (44% and 41%, respectively) believe that such a tension exists.

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Of the origin of the name agnostic to describe this attitude, Huxley gave the following account:

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in 1869 to describe his philosophy, which rejects all claims of spiritual or mystical knowledge.

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survey reported that 3% of the EU population is unsure about their belief in a god or spirit.

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It stands, it seems, for lack of belief or commitment, for indecision, for non-engagement.

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not compatible with forming a belief as to the truth, or falsehood, of the claim at hand.

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In 1885, Ingersoll explained his comparative view of agnosticism and atheism as follows:

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Thinking Outside the Box: The Most Realistic Way of Thinking, Adopting, and Leading Life

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Agnosticism from INTERS – Interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Religion and Science

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A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century

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The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy – Protagoras (c. 490 – c. 420 BCE)

953: 8793: 8783: 8609: 8557: 8461: 8325: 8214: 8164: 8142: 8137: 8068: 7900: 7808: 7788: 7684: 7679: 7430: 7423: 7416: 7381: 7059: 6633: 6496: 6466: 6456: 6451: 6348: 6333: 5979: 5875: 5709: 5529: 5500: 5439: 5377: 5147: 5140: 5133: 5062: 5057: 5030: 4938: 4913: 4561: 4444: 4430: 4228:. Directorate General Research, European Union. 2005. pp. 7–11. Archived from 3666: 2998: 1741: 1207: 1201: 1094: 753: 'knowledge') was used by Thomas Henry Huxley in a speech at a meeting of the 716: 582: 383: 376: 369: 277: 272: 240: 96: 71: 4739: 4599: 3080:

Saint Thomas Aquinas on the Existence of God: The Collected Papers of Joseph Owens

26:"Agnostic" redirects here. For platform-agnostic data schemas and ontologies, see 9167: 9107: 8992: 8840: 8835: 8813: 8733: 8687: 8444: 8398: 8296: 8273: 8256: 8229: 8014: 7763: 7722: 7555: 7538: 7256: 7191: 6640: 6623: 6578: 6568: 6513: 6486: 6423: 6418: 6403: 6328: 6064: 6054: 5689: 5679: 5480: 5357: 4933: 4815: 4755: 4677:

Radicals, Secularists, and Republicans: Popular Freethought in Britain, 1866–1915

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think of these questions, the human intellect flounders at once out of its depth.

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but claim that the existence of a deity is unknown or inherently unknowable) and

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and closed in 1907. Ross championed agnosticism in opposition to the atheism of

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In The Presence of Mystery: An Introduction To The Story Of Human Religiousness

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have "no religion", a category that includes agnostics. Between 64% and 65% of

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such as "all bachelors are unmarried" or "all triangles have three corners").

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Godless: How an Evangelical Preacher Became One of America's Leading Atheists

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view that the existence of a deity is meaningless or empirically untestable.

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there has been a strong tradition of philosophic speculation and skepticism.

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In the conclusion of the speech he simply sums up the agnostic position as:

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Although radical and unpalatable to conventional theologians, Weatherhead's

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View that the existence of God or the supernatural are unknown or unknowable

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Why I Am Not a Christian: And Other Essays on Religion and Related Subjects

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was Huxley's favourite philosopher, calling him "the Prince of Agnostics".

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found that about 16% of the world's people, the third largest group after

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The Ascent of Faith: or, the Grounds of Certainty in Science and Religion

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How to Prove God Does Not Exist: The Complete Guide to Validating Atheism

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Hepburn, Ronald W. (2005) . "Agnosticism". In Donald M. Borchert (ed.).

8658: 8646: 8616: 8582: 8522: 8204: 7925: 7854: 7839: 7823: 7768: 7737: 7653: 7506: 6476: 6273: 6195: 6180: 5969: 5939: 5902: 5860: 5855: 5786: 5424: 5035: 4958: 4953: 4900: 4892: 4781: 4776: 4013:""Nones" on the Rise: One-in-Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation" 3965:. Financial Times/Harris Interactive. December 20, 2006. Archived from 2475: 1845: 1820: 1736: 1554: 1550: 994: 961: 829: 779: 775: 679: 626: 594: 225: 116: 111: 56: 47: 20: 4534:"An Atheist with a Tall Hat On: The Forgotten History of Agnosticism." 1522:

facts, but to step into the unknown and discover the fullness of life.

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The Yes of Jesus Christ: Spiritual Exercises in Faith, Hope, and Love

3933:"Religion: Year in Review 2010: Worldwide Adherents of All Religions" 1991:(Summer 2022 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 1850: 1840: 1751: 1452: 941: 697:

would also describe himself as an agnostic. According to philosopher

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politically or ideologically unaligned; non-partisan, equivocal.

1783: 790: 712: 142: 4189:"Average intelligence predicts atheism rates across 137 nations" 1197: 9017: 7793: 7758: 6004: 5897: 5776: 2686:

Hume, David, "An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding" (1748)

1490: 1425: 1189:) he claims that agnosticism is "the very reverse of atheism". 770: 708: 586: 4152:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 56. 3899:. Adherents.com. Archived from the original on August 11, 2010 8982: 8972: 8967: 8439: 8434: 7622: 5781: 5334: 4861: 3797:. New York and London: Harper & Brothers. pp. 12–19. 2202: 1672:

full denial of the capacity of human reason to know God. The

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who expressed agnosticism about the existence of "the gods".

1223:, in which he characterized himself as an atheist. He said: 9112: 5362: 3812:. New York and London: Harper & Brothers. pp. 4–5. 1433: 1429: 1065:

in the 1860s. He was the first to decisively coin the term

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World Scriptures: An Introduction to Comparative Religions

2603:(reprint ed.). Kessinger Publishing. pp. 41–42. 2111:"Samaññaphala Sutta: The Fruits of the Contemplative Life" 5444: 4333:

Truth and Tolerance: Christian Belief And World Religions

3782:. New York and London: Harper & Brothers. p. 20. 3385:

Collected Essays, Vol. V: Science and Christian Tradition

3356:

Leonard Huxley; Thomas Henry Huxley (December 22, 2011).

2207:. Atheist Centre 1940–1990 Golden Jubilee. Archived from 1077:, but the terms agnostic and agnosticism were created by 1001:

wrote to his mistress, telling of a visit by Hume to the

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Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

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The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

2205:"Progress of Atheism in India: A Historical Perspective" 2147:

Major World Religions: From Their Origins To The Present

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What do Agnostics Believe? – A Jewish perspective

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George H. Smith, Atheism: The Case Against God, pg. 12

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Edward Zerin: Karl Popper On God: The Lost Interview.

4018:. Pew Research Center. pp. 9, 42. Archived from 2382:

George H. Smith, Atheism: The Case Against God, pg. 9

3123: 2666:"EMC and NetApp – a software-defined storage battle" 2038: 2036: 3450:

Why I Am an Agnostic: Being a Manual of Agnosticism

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Universal-Publishers. pp. 34 ff. 2009: 1541: 1530: 1338: 1196: 1175:as an open-ended spiritual exploration. 1057: 1029: 922:so who knows truly whence it has arisen? 863: 608:said that he originally coined the word 4848: 4490: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4283:Christianity and the Crisis of Cultures 4127:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2021 3988:Goodstein, Laurie (December 18, 2012). 3925: 3865:"Social values, Science and Technology" 3417:Essays Upon Some Controverted Questions 3359:Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley 3239: 3220: 2484:. New York: Ulysses Press. p. 96. 2255: 2253: 2121:from the original on February 9, 2014. 1989:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1914: 1402: 1153: 1089:). Though Huxley began to use the term 636: 9211: 5627:Proper basis and Reformed epistemology 4577:Huxley, Thomas H. 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He lays out the following thesis: 1169:Agnostic Journal and Eclectic Review 972:, and the existential philosophy of 621:who expressed agnosticism about any 4786:Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project 4765:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4686:Atheism – The Case Against God 4604:. Penguin Books, Limited. pp. 4465:from the original on April 29, 2014 4459:"The Argument From Non-Cognitivism" 4448:(2006), Bantam Press, pp 47–48 4350:Benedict XVI (September 12, 2006). 4274: 4117: 3519: 3329:Leonard Huxley (February 7, 2012). 3236:from the original on June 29, 2014. 3026:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2973:"Aristotle on the existence of God" 2815:. Xlibris Corporation. p. 89. 2635:"What Does Platform Agnostic Mean?" 1219:In 1939, Russell gave a lecture on 1192: 1041:Raised in a religious environment, 925:Whence all creation had its origin, 877: 854: 13: 4855:Dictionary of the History of Ideas 4804:Dictionary of the History of Ideas 4518:. 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Paulist Press. pp. 34–. 2858:Kenneth Kramer (January 1986). 2829: 2802: 2779: 2680: 2617: 2590: 2510: 2432: 2385: 2376: 2343: 2287: 2270: 2043:Draper, Paul (August 2, 2017). 1597:Australian Bureau of Statistics 1590:U.S. Religious Landscape Survey 1526: 1242:Am I An Atheist or an Agnostic? 1221:The existence and nature of God 581:is the view or belief that the 7944:List of books about skepticism 7652: 7467:Books critical of Christianity 5211:Atheist Alliance International 4969:Separation of church and state 4891: 4405:"Argument from Pascal's Wager" 3823:Bell, Bernard Iddings (1931). 3808:Bell, Bernard Iddings (1931). 3793:Bell, Bernard Iddings (1929). 3778:Bell, Bernard Iddings (1931). 3413:"Agnosticism And Christianity" 3246:Darwin's Complex loss of Faith 2797:assurance that we do not know. 2261:"Agnosticism and Christianity" 2103: 2003: 1976: 1918:The Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1705: 1297:In 1965, Christian theologian 455:Atheist Alliance International 127:Separation of church and state 1: 7954:List of skeptical conferences 7487:Books critical of Scientology 5206:American Humanist Association 4793:Shapell Manuscript Foundation 2597:Huxley, Henrietta A. (2004). 2423:supernatural being. The term 2407:Atheism: The Case Against God 1987:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), 1901: 1428:(money and material things), 1183: 1073:Agnostic views are as old as 1045:(1809–1882) studied to be an 450:American Humanist Association 7396:Letter to a Christian Nation 6666:Desacralization of knowledge 5155:Letter to a Christian Nation 4745:Resources in other libraries 3580:. Routledge. pp. 557–. 3437:, 2013, 63,2, pp. 47–52 2885:Subodh Varma (May 6, 2011). 1693: 1643: 1618: 1240:In Russell's 1947 pamphlet, 746: 'without' and 730: 391:Letter to a Christian Nation 7: 7959:List of skeptical magazines 7949:List of scientific skeptics 7482:Books critical of Mormonism 6078:Best of all possible worlds 6035:Eschatological verification 5592:Fine-tuning of the universe 4791:Albert Einstein on Religion 4634:Kierkegaard, Sören (1985). 4616:The Critique of Pure Reason 3763:Brauer, Kristen D. (2007). 3453:. W. Stewart & Company. 3335:. tredition. pp. 41–. 2999:"Anselm on God's Existence" 2297:The Popular Science Monthly 2016:. Oxford University Press. 1861:Spiritual but not religious 1763:Asimov's Guide to the Bible 1729: 1636:), or as if God did exist ( 1627: 1560:A 2010 survey published in 1447:'s complete faith in human 937:Hume, Kant, and Kierkegaard 715:and promotes terms such as 10: 9235: 7969:List of skeptical podcasts 7389:God: The Failed Hypothesis 7375:God in the Age of Science? 5016:Discrimination/Persecution 4670:The Origins of Agnosticism 4546:(U of Chicago Press, 1984) 4331:Ratzinger, Joseph (2004). 4311:Ratzinger, Joseph (2005). 4281:Ratzinger, Joseph (2006). 3419:. Macmillan. p. 364. 2887:"The gods came afterwards" 2729:Michael H. Barnes (2003). 2351:"Agnosticism: A Symposium" 1443:(1931), he criticized the 1395: 1363:, Ingersoll stated this: 1359:In an 1896 lecture titled 1290: 1167:from 1882; it was renamed 892:Throughout the history of 881: 872: 782:, evidence-based inquiry. 165:Discrimination/Persecution 25: 18: 8963:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance 8943: 8861: 8698: 8533: 8404:Standard Average European 8272: 8101: 8021: 7934: 7893: 7832: 7751: 7705: 7660: 7546: 7495: 7477:Books critical of Judaism 7343: 7210: 7030: 6979: 6936: 6822:Latter Day Saint movement 6789: 6721: 6653: 6557: 6442: 6362: 6297: 6219: 6126: 6111: 6063: 6025: 5737: 5662: 5537: 5528: 5458: 5395: 5386: 5317: 5253: 5192: 5102: 5076: 5043: 4977: 4899: 4845:by Brendan Connolly, 2008 4799:by Robert G. Ingersoll, . 4760:"Atheism and Agnosticism" 4740:Resources in your library 4683:Smith, George H. (1979). 4315:. Cross Roads Publishing. 4085:"Summary of Key Findings" 4045:"Summary of Key Findings" 3917:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3825:Unfashionable Convictions 3810:Unfashionable Convictions 3780:Unfashionable Convictions 3547:Bertrand Russell (1997). 3535:Collected Papers, Vol. 10 3493:Bertrand Russell (1992). 3213:Ernest Campbell Mossner, 3137:. In Edward Craig (ed.). 3020:Williams, Thomas (2013). 2600:Aphorisms and Reflections 2306:D. Appleton & Company 2079:. In Edward Craig (ed.). 1985:"Atheism and Agnosticism" 1949:"agnostic, agnosticism". 1936:(page 56 in 1967 edition) 1576:A study conducted by the 1441:Unfashionable Convictions 9103:Lancaster House Treaties 8593:Christian existentialism 8553:Ancient Roman philosophy 8543:Ancient Greek philosophy 7870:Problem of the criterion 7445:Why I Am Not a Christian 7032:Religious discrimination 6307:Friedrich Schleiermacher 5893:Theories about religions 5695:Inconsistent revelations 5265:Disestablishmentarianism 5241:Recovering from Religion 5169:Why I Am Not a Christian 4254:Sandro Magister (2007). 3522:Collected Papers, Vol 10 3143:. Taylor & Francis. 3028:(Spring 2013 ed.). 2230:Trevor Treharne (2012). 2085:. Taylor & Francis. 2010:Poidevin, Robin (2010). 1790:Ignoramus et ignorabimus 1282:superhuman intelligence. 1269:Are Agnostics Atheists? 1213:Why I Am Not a Christian 1085:) and the "unknowable" ( 1075:philosophical skepticism 840: 764:church leaders used the 518:Disestablishmentarianism 485:Recovering from Religion 405:Why I Am Not a Christian 19:Not to be confused with 8881:Equality before the law 8088:Romano-Germanic culture 7583:Criticism of monotheism 7472:Books critical of Islam 7459:The Demon-Haunted World 7316:Anti-Christian violence 6847:Westboro Baptist Church 5260:Countries by irreligion 5236:Rational Response Squad 5226:Humanists International 5127:The Demon-Haunted World 4640:. Religion-online.org. 4637:Philosophical Fragments 4125:"Snapshot of Australia" 4011:Cary Funk, Greg Smith. 3937:Encyclopædia Britannica 3177:Philosophical Fragments 2551:Encyclopædia Britannica 1563:Encyclopædia Britannica 982:Philosophical Fragments 811:cross-platform software 513:Countries by irreligion 480:Rational Response Squad 470:Humanists International 363:The Demon-Haunted World 28:Cross-platform software 9043:Eastern European Group 8632:Continental philosophy 8563:Judeo-Christian ethics 8548:Hellenistic philosophy 8029:Cradle of civilization 7860:Five-minute hypothesis 7752:Skeptical philosophers 7706:Skeptical philosophies 6903:New religious movement 6171:Gaunilo of Marmoutiers 5311:Philosophy of religion 4849:Nielsen, Kai (1973) . 4820:ReligiousTolerance.org 4679:(Manchester UP, 1980). 3710:Jacoby, Susan (2013). 3633:The Christian Agnostic 3215:The Life of David Hume 3077:Owens, Joseph (1980). 2945:Upinder Singh (2008). 2517:Dixon, Thomas (2008). 1674:Council of the Vatican 1595:According to the 2021 1547: 1539: 1394: 1386: 1378: 1346: 1327: 1311: 1305:, in which he argues: 1303:The Christian Agnostic 1301:(1893–1976) published 1284: 1275: 1255: 1238: 1230: 1204: 1151: 1144:In 1889, Huxley wrote: 1142: 1133: 1120: 1070: 1038: 1018: 992: 985:, Kierkegaard writes: 934: 826:Scottish Enlightenment 821:Qualifying agnosticism 690: 675: 663: 651: 604:The English biologist 9163:Three Seas Initiative 9138:Pacific Islands Forum 9003:British–Irish Council 8751:Greek Orthodox Church 8210:Industrial Revolution 8180:Scientific Revolution 7880:Simulation hypothesis 7534:Nontheistic religions 7452:Why I Am Not a Muslim 7368:Christianity Unveiled 6832:Seventh-day Adventist 6783:Criticism of religion 6706:Faith and rationality 6661:Criticism of religion 6599:Robert Merrihew Adams 6589:Nicholas Wolterstorff 5792:Divine command theory 5176:Why I Am Not a Muslim 5026:Negative and positive 5021:Implicit and explicit 4919:Criticism of religion 4619:. Loki's Publishing. 4580:Man's Place in Nature 4532:Alexander, Nathan G. 4387:Catholic Encyclopedia 3189:Metz, Rudolf (1938). 2786:John Tyrrell (1996). 2211:on September 25, 2013 1983:Draper, Paul (2022), 1883:Philosophy portal 1774:Christian agnosticism 1710:A related concept is 1634:etsi deus non-daretur 1545: 1534: 1390: 1382: 1365: 1342: 1323: 1307: 1293:Christian agnosticism 1279: 1263: 1250: 1234: 1225: 1210:(1872–1970) declared 1200: 1146: 1137: 1124: 1099: 1061: 1033: 1007: 987: 913: 884:Sanjaya Belatthaputta 864:Apathetic agnosticism 676: 664: 652: 640: 615:Sanjaya Belatthiputta 540:Irreligion by country 412:Why I Am Not a Muslim 198:Negative and positive 193:Implicit and explicit 77:Criticism of religion 9158:Special Relationship 8568:Christian philosophy 8513:Western Christianity 8175:Age of Enlightenment 8049:Hellenistic Kingdoms 7906:Semantic externalism 7875:Problem of induction 7865:Münchhausen trilemma 7578:Criticism of atheism 7410:The Blind Watchmaker 6992:Charles Taze Russell 6837:Unification movement 6696:Religious philosophy 6176:Pico della Mirandola 6141:Anselm of Canterbury 6073:Augustinian theodicy 5985:Religious skepticism 5318:Concepts in religion 5162:The System of Nature 4929:Organized secularism 4843:The Natural Religion 4797:Why I Am An Agnostic 4706:on November 26, 2013 4692:. Prometheus Books. 4656:on February 22, 2014 4598:Hume, David (1779). 4565:, Black Swan, 2007 ( 4539:, February 19, 2019. 3409:Huxley, Thomas Henry 3274:on February 25, 2009 3253:September 17, 2009. 3175:Kierkegaard, Søren. 3111:on February 22, 2014 2842:The Atlantic Monthly 2355:The Agnostic Annual. 1831:Religious skepticism 1409:Bernard Iddings Bell 1403:Bernard Iddings Bell 1398:Physical determinism 1361:Why I Am An Agnostic 1259:What Is An Agnostic? 1180:Why I am an Agnostic 1159:William Stewart Ross 1154:William Stewart Ross 755:Metaphysical Society 637:Defining agnosticism 629:, a 5th-century BCE 617:, a 5th-century BCE 398:The System of Nature 184:Forms and variations 87:Organized secularism 9183:West Nordic Council 9048:Eastern Partnership 8637:Analytic philosophy 8338:Classical tradition 8160:Early modern period 8116:Classical antiquity 8111:European Bronze Age 7911:Process reliabilism 7833:Skeptical scenarios 7713:Academic Skepticism 7661:Types of skepticism 6959:Mormon sacred texts 6817:Jehovah's Witnesses 6681:History of religion 6382:Friedrich Nietzsche 6259:Gottfried W Leibniz 6254:Nicolas Malebranche 6186:King James VI and I 5466:Abrahamic religions 5183:Why I Am an Atheist 4668:Lightman, Bernard. 4194:. January 3, 2008. 4092:Pew Research Center 4052:Pew Research Center 3743:anglicanhistory.org 3691:. Internet Infidels 3689:"Why I Am Agnostic" 3520:Russell, Bertrand. 3294:Thomas Henry Huxley 2975:. Logicmuseum.com. 2794:on August 7, 2007. 2670:Datacenter Dynamics 1895:Religion portal 1607:, and up to 81% of 1578:Pew Research Center 1476:Mystical experience 1472:Artistic experience 1350:Robert G. Ingersoll 1344:Robert G. Ingersoll 1335:Robert G. Ingersoll 1257:In his 1953 essay, 1063:Thomas Henry Huxley 1054:Thomas Henry Huxley 687:Thomas Henry Huxley 672:Thomas Henry Huxley 660:Thomas Henry Huxley 648:Thomas Henry Huxley 606:Thomas Henry Huxley 419:Why I Am an Atheist 8642:Post-structuralism 8605:Christian humanism 8235:Universal suffrage 7361:Breaking the Spell 7303:Sectarian violence 7212:Religious violence 7160:Oriental Orthodoxy 7017:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 6876:Twelver Shia Islam 6691:Religious language 6671:Ethics in religion 6629:William Lane Craig 6504:Charles Hartshorne 6244:Desiderius Erasmus 6146:Augustine of Hippo 6088:Inconsistent triad 6050:Apophatic theology 6045:Logical positivism 6027:Religious language 5647:Watchmaker analogy 5612:Necessary existent 5388:Conceptions of God 5348:Intelligent design 5216:Center for Inquiry 5120:Breaking the Spell 4944:Secular liberalism 4025:on August 26, 2014 3994:The New York Times 3795:Beyond Agnosticism 3712:The Great Agnostic 3636:. Abingdon Press. 2892:The Times of India 2702:Arguing about Gods 2282:Collected Essays V 2265:Collected Essays V 1951:OED Online, 3rd ed 1757:Apophatic theology 1548: 1540: 1481:Bell considered a 1449:sensory perception 1432:(rationality), or 1347: 1299:Leslie Weatherhead 1287:Leslie Weatherhead 1205: 1071: 1039: 846:Strong agnosticism 619:Indian philosopher 460:Center for Inquiry 356:Breaking the Spell 102:Secular liberalism 9206: 9205: 9033:Council of Europe 8935:International law 8888:Constitutionalism 8746:Eastern Orthodoxy 8252:Post–Cold War era 8185:Age of Revolution 8039:Greco-Roman world 7977: 7976: 7916:Epistemic closure 7620: 7619: 7403:The Age of Reason 7354:Atheist Manifesto 7155:Eastern Orthodoxy 7118:Jehovah's Witness 7077:post–Cold War era 6980:Religious figures 6859:Swaminarayan sect 6749: 6748: 6649: 6648: 6609:Peter van Inwagen 6594:Richard Swinburne 6539:George I Mavrodes 6399:Vladimir Solovyov 6339:Søren Kierkegaard 6264:William Wollaston 6211:William of Ockham 6191:Marcion of Sinope 6093:Irenaean theodicy 6083:Euthyphro dilemma 6010:Transcendentalism 5839:Womanist theology 5829:Feminist theology 5733: 5732: 5524: 5523: 5410:Divine simplicity 5330:Euthyphro dilemma 5277: 5276: 5201:American Atheists 5113:The Age of Reason 4726:Library resources 4647:978-0-691-02036-5 4626:978-0-615-82576-2 4590:978-0-486-15134-2 4571:978-0-552-77429-1 4557:Dawkins, Richard. 4549:Cockshut, A.O.J. 4525:978-1-4400-6878-2 4292:978-1-58617-142-1 4235:on April 30, 2011 4159:978-0-521-60367-6 4000:on June 23, 2014. 3877:on April 30, 2011 3721:978-0-300-13725-5 3643:978-0-687-06980-4 3587:978-1-134-02867-2 3560:978-0-415-09409-2 3506:978-0-415-07918-1 3369:978-1-108-04045-7 3342:978-3-8472-0297-4 3315:978-0-8203-1864-6 3150:978-0-415-07310-3 3090:978-0-87395-401-3 2958:978-81-317-1120-0 2931:978-0-520-95067-2 2871:978-0-8091-2781-8 2835:Rauch, Jonathan, 2822:978-1-5245-7387-4 2772:978-0-19-161454-5 2742:978-1-58595-259-5 2712:978-1-139-45889-4 2676:on June 20, 2014. 2610:978-1-4191-0730-6 2528:978-0-19-929551-7 2491:978-1-56975-677-5 2417:978-0-87975-124-1 2336:978-0-547-34866-7 2243:978-1-61233-118-8 2157:978-0-203-42313-4 2092:978-0-415-07310-3 2023:978-0-19-957526-8 1801:List of agnostics 1769:Avidyā (Buddhism) 1662:scientific method 1650:Pope Benedict XVI 1638:etsi deus daretur 1461:Industrialization 1173:Charles Bradlaugh 979:In his 1844 book 974:Søren Kierkegaard 815:hardware-agnostic 631:Greek philosopher 576: 575: 445:American Atheists 349:The Age of Reason 293:List of agnostics 248: 247: 175:Lists of atheists 9226: 9078:EU Customs Union 8610:Secular humanism 8558:Christian ethics 8508:East–West Schism 8491:Physical culture 8215:Great Divergence 8165:Age of Discovery 8004: 7997: 7990: 7981: 7980: 7901:Here is one hand 7809:Sextus Empiricus 7789:Philo of Larissa 7647: 7640: 7633: 7624: 7623: 7431:The God Delusion 7424:The End of Faith 7417:The Caged Virgin 7382:God Is Not Great 6776: 6769: 6762: 6753: 6752: 6739: 6738: 6729: 6634:Ali Akbar Rashad 6497:Reinhold Niebuhr 6457:Bertrand Russell 6452:George Santayana 6349:Albrecht Ritschl 6334:Ludwig Feuerbach 6124: 6123: 6120:(by date active) 5980:Process theology 5725:Russell's teapot 5535: 5534: 5530:Existence of God 5440:Process theology 5393: 5392: 5378:Theological veto 5341:religious belief 5304: 5297: 5290: 5281: 5280: 5148:God Is Not Great 5141:The God Delusion 5134:The End of Faith 5063:Agnostic atheism 5031:Existence of God 4939:Secular humanism 4914:Anti-clericalism 4886: 4879: 4872: 4863: 4862: 4858: 4769: 4756:Zalta, Edward N. 4715: 4713: 4711: 4702:. 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New York: 2291: 2285: 2274: 2268: 2257: 2248: 2247: 2227: 2221: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2200: 2194: 2193: 2187: 2185: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2141: 2135: 2132: 2126: 2125: 2107: 2101: 2100: 2073:Rowe, William L. 2069: 2060: 2059: 2053: 2051: 2040: 2031: 2030: 2007: 2001: 1999: 1998: 1996: 1980: 1974: 1973: 1946: 1937: 1935: 1912: 1893: 1892: 1881: 1880: 1879: 1836:Russell's teapot 1742:Agnostic atheism 1417:Robert Ingersoll 1352:(1833–1899), an 1319:weak agnosticism 1261:Russell states: 1208:Bertrand Russell 1202:Bertrand Russell 1193:Bertrand Russell 1188: 1185: 1095:Charles Kingsley 1083:William Hamilton 1016: 878:Hindu philosophy 855:Weak agnosticism 717:agnostic atheism 688: 673: 661: 649: 583:existence of God 568: 561: 554: 384:God Is Not Great 377:The God Delusion 370:The End of Faith 278:Agnostic atheism 241:Existence of God 237: 148: 147: 97:Secular humanism 72:Anti-clericalism 35: 34: 9234: 9233: 9229: 9228: 9227: 9225: 9224: 9223: 9209: 9208: 9207: 9202: 9168:UKUSA Agreement 9108:Lublin Triangle 8993:Baltic Assembly 8945: 8939: 8857: 8694: 8529: 8399:Eurolinguistics 8268: 8257:Information age 8230:Interwar period 8097: 8017: 8008: 7978: 7973: 7930: 7889: 7828: 7747: 7701: 7656: 7651: 7621: 7616: 7615: 7614: 7571:In Christianity 7542: 7539:Parody religion 7491: 7339: 7206: 7065:Catholic Church 7026: 6975: 6937:Religious texts 6932: 6785: 6780: 6750: 6745: 6717: 6645: 6641:Alexander Pruss 6624:Jean-Luc Marion 6579:Alvin Plantinga 6574:Dewi Z Phillips 6561: 6559: 6553: 6524:Walter Kaufmann 6514:Frithjof Schuon 6487:Rudolf Bultmann 6444: 6438: 6434:Joseph Maréchal 6424:Pavel Florensky 6419:Sergei Bulgakov 6404:Ernst Troeltsch 6387:Harald Høffding 6364: 6358: 6329:William Whewell 6317:Georg W F Hegel 6312:Karl C F Krause 6299: 6293: 6289:Johann G Herder 6279:Baron d'Holbach 6229:Augustin Calmet 6215: 6131: 6119: 6118: 6115: 6107: 6065:Problem of evil 6059: 6055:Verificationism 6021: 5729: 5675:Atheist's Wager 5658: 5520: 5454: 5382: 5358:Problem of evil 5313: 5308: 5278: 5273: 5249: 5188: 5098: 5072: 5039: 4973: 4934:Parody religion 4895: 4890: 4751: 4750: 4749: 4734: 4733: 4729: 4722: 4709: 4707: 4700: 4689: 4675:Royle, Edward. 4659: 4657: 4648: 4627: 4591: 4526: 4512: 4509: 4507:Further reading 4504: 4503: 4495: 4491: 4482: 4478: 4468: 4466: 4457: 4456: 4452: 4442: 4438: 4428: 4424: 4414: 4412: 4403: 4402: 4398: 4379: 4378: 4371: 4361: 4359: 4348: 4344: 4329: 4320: 4309: 4300: 4293: 4279: 4275: 4265: 4263: 4252: 4248: 4238: 4236: 4232: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4214: 4204: 4202: 4198: 4191: 4187: 4186: 4182: 4172: 4170: 4160: 4144: 4140: 4130: 4128: 4123: 4122: 4118: 4104: 4102: 4098: 4087: 4083: 4082: 4078: 4064: 4062: 4058: 4047: 4043: 4042: 4038: 4028: 4026: 4022: 4015: 4009: 4005: 3986: 3982: 3972: 3970: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3946: 3944: 3931: 3930: 3926: 3910: 3909: 3902: 3900: 3895: 3894: 3890: 3880: 3878: 3874: 3867: 3863: 3862: 3858: 3848: 3846: 3845:. April 2, 2015 3837: 3836: 3832: 3821: 3817: 3806: 3802: 3791: 3787: 3776: 3772: 3761: 3757: 3747: 3745: 3737: 3736: 3729: 3722: 3708: 3704: 3694: 3692: 3685: 3678: 3655: 3651: 3644: 3628: 3621: 3611: 3609: 3604:. Scepsis.net. 3600: 3599: 3595: 3588: 3572: 3568: 3561: 3545: 3541: 3533: 3529: 3518: 3514: 3507: 3491: 3484: 3474: 3472: 3463: 3462: 3458: 3445: 3441: 3432: 3428: 3406: 3402: 3395: 3381: 3377: 3370: 3354: 3350: 3343: 3327: 3323: 3316: 3291: 3287: 3277: 3275: 3266: 3265: 3261: 3244: 3240: 3228: 3221: 3212: 3208: 3201: 3187: 3183: 3174: 3170: 3160: 3158: 3151: 3128: 3124: 3114: 3112: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3091: 3075: 3071: 3061: 3059: 3054:. Fordham.edu. 3050: 3049: 3045: 3035: 3033: 3018: 3014: 3005:. Fordham.edu. 2997: 2996: 2992: 2982: 2980: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2959: 2943: 2939: 2932: 2916: 2912: 2902: 2900: 2883: 2879: 2872: 2856: 2849: 2834: 2830: 2823: 2807: 2803: 2784: 2780: 2773: 2757: 2750: 2743: 2727: 2720: 2713: 2697: 2690: 2685: 2681: 2662: 2658: 2648: 2646: 2631: 2627: 2622: 2618: 2611: 2595: 2591: 2581: 2579: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2555: 2553: 2543: 2536: 2529: 2515: 2511: 2492: 2473: 2469: 2437: 2433: 2418: 2402:Smith, George H 2399: 2395: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2377: 2365: 2361: 2348: 2344: 2337: 2321: 2317: 2292: 2288: 2276:Thomas Huxley, 2275: 2271: 2259:Thomas Huxley, 2258: 2251: 2244: 2228: 2224: 2214: 2212: 2201: 2197: 2183: 2181: 2170: 2169: 2165: 2158: 2142: 2138: 2134:Bhaskar (1972). 2133: 2129: 2109: 2108: 2104: 2093: 2070: 2063: 2049: 2047: 2041: 2034: 2024: 2008: 2004: 1994: 1992: 1981: 1977: 1948: 1947: 1940: 1929: 1913: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1887: 1877: 1875: 1796:Instrumentalism 1747:Agnostic theism 1732: 1724:Theodore Drange 1720:A. J. Ayer 1708: 1700:Richard Dawkins 1696: 1669:Catholic Church 1646: 1630: 1621: 1569:Financial Times 1529: 1405: 1400: 1337: 1332: 1295: 1289: 1195: 1186: 1156: 1087:Herbert Spencer 1056: 1028: 1023: 1017: 1014: 1003:Baron D'Holbach 939: 933: 930: 928: 926: 924: 923: 921: 919: 917: 890: 880: 875: 866: 857: 848: 843: 823: 733: 725:agnostic theism 705:George H. Smith 699:William L. Rowe 689: 686: 674: 671: 662: 659: 650: 647: 639: 572: 532: 531: 530: 529: 528: 505: 497: 496: 495: 494: 438: 428: 427: 426: 425: 424: 340: 332: 331: 330: 329: 328: 306: 298: 297: 289: 288: 287: 260: 250: 249: 233: 230: 212: 179: 145: 135: 134: 133: 132: 131: 92:Parody religion 59: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9232: 9222: 9221: 9204: 9203: 9201: 9200: 9198:Westernization 9195: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9178:Visegrád Group 9175: 9170: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9118:Nordic Council 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9013:Bucharest Nine 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8978:Arctic Council 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8949: 8947: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8926: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8890: 8885: 8884: 8883: 8873: 8867: 8865: 8859: 8858: 8856: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8844: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8822: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8776: 8775: 8774: 8773: 8772: 8762: 8761: 8760: 8755: 8754: 8753: 8743: 8742: 8741: 8731: 8730: 8729: 8704: 8702: 8696: 8695: 8693: 8692: 8691: 8690: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8669: 8668: 8656: 8655: 8654: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8613: 8612: 8607: 8597: 8596: 8595: 8588:Existentialism 8585: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8539: 8537: 8531: 8530: 8528: 8527: 8526: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8500: 8499: 8498: 8488: 8487: 8486: 8481: 8471: 8470: 8469: 8459: 8454: 8453: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8432: 8431: 8430: 8420: 8419: 8418: 8408: 8407: 8406: 8401: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8375: 8374: 8364: 8359: 8358: 8357: 8347: 8346: 8345: 8335: 8334: 8333: 8323: 8318: 8317: 8316: 8306: 8301: 8300: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8278: 8276: 8270: 8269: 8267: 8266: 8265: 8264: 8259: 8249: 8248: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8152: 8147: 8146: 8145: 8140: 8135: 8125: 8124: 8123: 8121:Late antiquity 8113: 8107: 8105: 8099: 8098: 8096: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8074: 8073: 8072: 8071: 8066: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8036: 8031: 8025: 8023: 8019: 8018: 8007: 8006: 7999: 7992: 7984: 7975: 7974: 7972: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7940: 7938: 7932: 7931: 7929: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7897: 7895: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7850:Dream argument 7847: 7845:Brain in a vat 7842: 7836: 7834: 7830: 7829: 7827: 7826: 7821: 7819:René Descartes 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7755: 7753: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7709: 7707: 7703: 7702: 7700: 7699: 7698: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7677: 7676: 7675: 7664: 7662: 7658: 7657: 7650: 7649: 7642: 7635: 7627: 7618: 7617: 7613: 7612: 7611: 7610: 7605: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7574: 7573: 7568: 7558: 7552: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7547:Related topics 7544: 7543: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7520: 7519: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7497: 7493: 7492: 7490: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7463: 7462: 7455: 7448: 7441: 7434: 7427: 7420: 7413: 7406: 7399: 7392: 7385: 7378: 7371: 7364: 7357: 7349: 7347: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7337: 7336: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7324: 7323: 7318: 7305: 7300: 7299: 7298: 7293: 7283: 7282: 7281: 7271: 7270: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7233: 7232: 7222: 7216: 7214: 7208: 7207: 7205: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7168: 7167: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7141: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7120: 7115: 7114: 7113: 7103: 7102: 7101: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7080: 7079: 7069: 7068: 7067: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7036: 7034: 7028: 7027: 7025: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6983: 6981: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6973: 6968: 6967: 6966: 6964:Book of Mormon 6956: 6951: 6946: 6940: 6938: 6934: 6933: 6931: 6930: 6928:Zoroastrianism 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6884: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6863: 6862: 6861: 6851: 6850: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6804: 6799: 6793: 6791: 6787: 6786: 6779: 6778: 6771: 6764: 6756: 6747: 6746: 6744: 6743: 6733: 6722: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6657: 6655: 6654:Related topics 6651: 6650: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6643: 6637: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6614:Daniel Dennett 6611: 6606: 6604:Ravi Zacharias 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6569:William L Rowe 6565: 6563: 6555: 6554: 6552: 6551: 6546: 6544:William Alston 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6494: 6492:Gabriel Marcel 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6448: 6446: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6436: 6431: 6429:Ernst Cassirer 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6395: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6368: 6366: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6324:Thomas Carlyle 6320: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6303: 6301: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6249:Baruch Spinoza 6246: 6241: 6236: 6234:René Descartes 6231: 6225: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6213: 6208: 6206:Thomas Aquinas 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6137: 6135: 6121: 6112: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6069: 6067: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6031: 6029: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6019: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5975:Possibilianism 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5931: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5884: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5851:Fundamentalism 5848: 5843: 5842: 5841: 5836: 5826: 5825: 5824: 5819: 5812:Existentialism 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5743: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5731: 5730: 5728: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5705:Noncognitivism 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5666: 5664: 5660: 5659: 5657: 5656: 5654:Transcendental 5651: 5650: 5649: 5644: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5622:Pascal's wager 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5573: 5572: 5567: 5557: 5552: 5550:Christological 5547: 5541: 5539: 5532: 5526: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5462: 5460: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5396: 5390: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5344: 5343: 5332: 5327: 5321: 5319: 5315: 5314: 5307: 5306: 5299: 5292: 5284: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5270:Secular ethics 5267: 5262: 5257: 5255: 5254:Related topics 5251: 5250: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5187: 5186: 5179: 5172: 5165: 5158: 5151: 5144: 5137: 5130: 5123: 5116: 5108: 5106: 5100: 5099: 5097: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5080: 5078: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5049: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4981: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4971: 4966: 4964:Secularization 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4905: 4903: 4897: 4896: 4889: 4888: 4881: 4874: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4846: 4840: 4830:Fides et Ratio 4827: 4822: 4813: 4808: 4800: 4794: 4788: 4779: 4770: 4748: 4747: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4720:External links 4718: 4717: 4716: 4698: 4680: 4673: 4666: 4646: 4631: 4625: 4610: 4595: 4589: 4574: 4554: 4547: 4540: 4530: 4524: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4501: 4489: 4476: 4450: 4436: 4422: 4396: 4369: 4342: 4337:Ignatius Press 4318: 4298: 4291: 4273: 4246: 4212: 4180: 4158: 4138: 4116: 4076: 4036: 4003: 3980: 3954: 3924: 3888: 3856: 3830: 3815: 3800: 3785: 3770: 3755: 3727: 3720: 3702: 3676: 3665:(2): 211–238. 3649: 3642: 3619: 3593: 3586: 3566: 3559: 3539: 3527: 3524:. p. 255. 3512: 3505: 3482: 3456: 3439: 3426: 3400: 3393: 3375: 3368: 3348: 3341: 3321: 3314: 3285: 3259: 3238: 3219: 3217:, 2014, pg.483 3206: 3199: 3181: 3168: 3149: 3122: 3096: 3089: 3083:. SUNY Press. 3069: 3043: 3022:"Saint Anselm" 3012: 2990: 2964: 2957: 2937: 2930: 2910: 2877: 2870: 2847: 2828: 2821: 2801: 2778: 2771: 2748: 2741: 2718: 2711: 2688: 2679: 2656: 2625: 2616: 2609: 2589: 2563: 2545:Antony, Flew. 2534: 2527: 2509: 2490: 2467: 2431: 2416: 2393: 2384: 2375: 2359: 2349:Thomas Huxley 2342: 2335: 2315: 2286: 2269: 2249: 2242: 2222: 2195: 2163: 2156: 2136: 2127: 2102: 2091: 2061: 2032: 2022: 2002: 1975: 1938: 1927: 1906: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1897: 1885: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1811:Possibilianism 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1786: 1781: 1779:Existentialism 1776: 1771: 1766: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1716:noncognitivist 1707: 1704: 1695: 1692: 1684:Pascal's Wager 1658:self-criticism 1645: 1642: 1629: 1626: 1620: 1617: 1613:European Union 1528: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1457:Thomas Aquinas 1404: 1401: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1288: 1285: 1194: 1191: 1164:Secular Review 1155: 1152: 1055: 1052: 1043:Charles Darwin 1035:Charles Darwin 1027: 1026:Charles Darwin 1024: 1022: 1021:United Kingdom 1019: 1012: 938: 935: 914: 905:Nasadiya Sukta 879: 876: 874: 871: 865: 862: 856: 853: 847: 844: 842: 839: 822: 819: 732: 729: 684: 669: 657: 645: 638: 635: 613:view, such as 574: 573: 571: 570: 563: 556: 548: 545: 544: 543: 542: 534: 533: 526: 525: 523:Secular ethics 520: 515: 509: 508: 507: 506: 504:Related topics 503: 502: 499: 498: 493: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 441: 440: 439: 434: 433: 430: 429: 423: 422: 415: 408: 401: 394: 387: 380: 373: 366: 359: 352: 344: 343: 342: 341: 338: 337: 334: 333: 327: 326: 321: 316: 310: 309: 308: 307: 304: 303: 300: 299: 296: 295: 286: 285: 280: 275: 270: 264: 263: 262: 261: 256: 255: 252: 251: 246: 245: 244: 243: 238: 229: 228: 222: 219: 218: 214: 213: 211: 210: 205: 200: 195: 189: 186: 185: 181: 180: 178: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 151: 146: 141: 140: 137: 136: 130: 129: 124: 122:Secularization 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 63: 62: 61: 60: 55: 54: 51: 50: 44: 43: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9231: 9220: 9217: 9216: 9214: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9143:PROSUR/PROSUL 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9038:Craiova Group 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8953:ABCANZ Armies 8951: 8950: 8948: 8942: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8895: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8882: 8879: 8878: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8868: 8866: 8864: 8860: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8801: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8781: 8780: 8777: 8771: 8768: 8767: 8766: 8763: 8759: 8758:Protestantism 8756: 8752: 8749: 8748: 8747: 8744: 8740: 8737: 8736: 8735: 8732: 8728: 8724: 8721: 8720: 8719: 8716: 8715: 8714: 8711: 8710: 8709: 8706: 8705: 8703: 8701: 8697: 8689: 8686: 8685: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8678:Sovereigntism 8676: 8674: 8671: 8667: 8666: 8662: 8661: 8660: 8657: 8653: 8650: 8649: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8602: 8601: 8598: 8594: 8591: 8590: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8573:Scholasticism 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8540: 8538: 8536: 8532: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8505: 8504: 8501: 8497: 8494: 8493: 8492: 8489: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8476: 8475: 8472: 8468: 8465: 8464: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8437: 8436: 8433: 8429: 8426: 8425: 8424: 8421: 8417: 8414: 8413: 8412: 8409: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8396: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8373: 8370: 8369: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8356: 8353: 8352: 8351: 8348: 8344: 8341: 8340: 8339: 8336: 8332: 8329: 8328: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8315: 8312: 8311: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8284: 8283: 8280: 8279: 8277: 8275: 8271: 8263: 8262:War on terror 8260: 8258: 8255: 8254: 8253: 8250: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8157: 8156: 8155:Modern period 8153: 8151: 8148: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8130: 8129: 8126: 8122: 8119: 8118: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8104: 8100: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8061: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8041: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8026: 8024: 8020: 8016: 8012: 8011:Western world 8005: 8000: 7998: 7993: 7991: 7986: 7985: 7982: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7933: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7921:Contextualism 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7898: 7896: 7892: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7837: 7835: 7831: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7756: 7754: 7750: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7710: 7708: 7704: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7682: 7681: 7678: 7674: 7671: 7670: 7669: 7668:Philosophical 7666: 7665: 7663: 7659: 7655: 7648: 7643: 7641: 7636: 7634: 7629: 7628: 7625: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7600: 7599: 7598:Superstitions 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7563: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7553: 7549: 7545: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7518: 7515: 7514: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7494: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7464: 7461: 7460: 7456: 7454: 7453: 7449: 7447: 7446: 7442: 7440: 7439: 7435: 7433: 7432: 7428: 7426: 7425: 7421: 7419: 7418: 7414: 7412: 7411: 7407: 7405: 7404: 7400: 7398: 7397: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7386: 7384: 7383: 7379: 7377: 7376: 7372: 7370: 7369: 7365: 7363: 7362: 7358: 7356: 7355: 7351: 7350: 7348: 7346: 7342: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7313: 7312: 7309: 7308: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7288: 7287: 7284: 7280: 7277: 7276: 7275: 7272: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7249: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7231: 7228: 7227: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7217: 7215: 7213: 7209: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7172:Protestantism 7170: 7166: 7163: 7162: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7125: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7112: 7109: 7108: 7107: 7104: 7100: 7097: 7096: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7078: 7075: 7074: 7073: 7070: 7066: 7063: 7062: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7037: 7035: 7033: 7029: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6984: 6982: 6978: 6972: 6969: 6965: 6962: 6961: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6941: 6939: 6935: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6867: 6864: 6860: 6857: 6856: 6855: 6852: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6827:Protestantism 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6809: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6777: 6772: 6770: 6765: 6763: 6758: 6757: 6754: 6742: 6734: 6732: 6728: 6724: 6723: 6720: 6714: 6713: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6652: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6584:Anthony Kenny 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6556: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6509:Mircea Eliade 6507: 6505: 6502: 6501: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6441: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6396: 6393: 6392:William James 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6372:Ernst Haeckel 6370: 6369: 6367: 6361: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6296: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6284:Immanuel Kant 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6239:Blaise Pascal 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6218: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6129: 6125: 6122: 6117: 6110: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6070: 6068: 6066: 6062: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6040:Language game 6038: 6036: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6028: 6024: 6018: 6017: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5868: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5831: 5830: 5827: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5814: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5736: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5710:Occam's razor 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5661: 5655: 5652: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5639: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5562: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5555:Consciousness 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5540: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5527: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5457: 5451: 5450:Unmoved mover 5448: 5446: 5445:Supreme Being 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5397: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5385: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5337: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5305: 5300: 5298: 5293: 5291: 5286: 5285: 5282: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5252: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5195: 5194:Organizations 5191: 5185: 5184: 5180: 5178: 5177: 5173: 5171: 5170: 5166: 5164: 5163: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5152: 5150: 5149: 5145: 5143: 5142: 5138: 5136: 5135: 5131: 5129: 5128: 5124: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5101: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5042: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4976: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4949:Secular state 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4906: 4904: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4887: 4882: 4880: 4875: 4873: 4868: 4867: 4864: 4856: 4852: 4851:"Agnosticism" 4847: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4838:Karol Wojtyla 4836: 4835: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: – from 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807:: Agnosticism 4806: 4805: 4801: 4798: 4795: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4774: 4771: 4767: 4766: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4752: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4705: 4701: 4699:0-87975-124-X 4695: 4688: 4687: 4681: 4678: 4674: 4671: 4667: 4654: 4649: 4643: 4639: 4638: 4632: 4628: 4622: 4618: 4617: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4602: 4596: 4592: 4586: 4582: 4581: 4575: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4563: 4558: 4555: 4552: 4548: 4545: 4542:Annan, Noel. 4541: 4538: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4521: 4517: 4516: 4511: 4510: 4499: 4493: 4486: 4480: 4464: 4460: 4454: 4447: 4446: 4440: 4433: 4432: 4426: 4410: 4406: 4400: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4383: 4376: 4374: 4357: 4354:. zenit.org. 4353: 4346: 4338: 4334: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4314: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4294: 4288: 4284: 4277: 4261: 4257: 4250: 4231: 4224: 4223: 4216: 4197: 4190: 4184: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4155: 4151: 4150: 4142: 4126: 4120: 4113: 4097: 4093: 4086: 4080: 4073: 4057: 4053: 4046: 4040: 4021: 4014: 4007: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3984: 3968: 3964: 3958: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3928: 3920: 3914: 3898: 3892: 3873: 3866: 3860: 3844: 3840: 3834: 3826: 3819: 3811: 3804: 3796: 3789: 3781: 3774: 3766: 3759: 3744: 3740: 3734: 3732: 3723: 3717: 3713: 3706: 3690: 3683: 3681: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3653: 3645: 3639: 3635: 3634: 3626: 3624: 3607: 3603: 3597: 3589: 3583: 3579: 3578: 3570: 3562: 3556: 3552: 3551: 3543: 3536: 3531: 3523: 3516: 3508: 3502: 3499:. Routledge. 3498: 3497: 3489: 3487: 3470: 3466: 3460: 3452: 3451: 3443: 3436: 3435:History Today 3430: 3423: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3404: 3396: 3394:1-85506-922-9 3390: 3386: 3379: 3371: 3365: 3361: 3360: 3352: 3344: 3338: 3334: 3333: 3325: 3317: 3311: 3307: 3302: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3273: 3269: 3263: 3256: 3252: 3251: 3247: 3242: 3235: 3231: 3226: 3224: 3216: 3210: 3202: 3200:9780598425171 3196: 3192: 3185: 3178: 3172: 3156: 3152: 3146: 3142: 3141: 3136: 3135:"Agnosticism" 3132: 3126: 3110: 3106: 3100: 3092: 3086: 3082: 3081: 3073: 3057: 3053: 3047: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3016: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2994: 2978: 2974: 2968: 2960: 2954: 2950: 2949: 2941: 2933: 2927: 2923: 2922: 2914: 2898: 2894: 2893: 2888: 2881: 2873: 2867: 2863: 2862: 2854: 2852: 2844: 2843: 2838: 2832: 2824: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2805: 2798: 2793: 2789: 2782: 2774: 2768: 2764: 2763: 2755: 2753: 2744: 2738: 2734: 2733: 2725: 2723: 2714: 2708: 2704: 2703: 2695: 2693: 2683: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2660: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2629: 2620: 2612: 2606: 2602: 2601: 2593: 2577: 2573: 2567: 2552: 2548: 2547:"Agnosticism" 2541: 2539: 2530: 2524: 2520: 2513: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2487: 2483: 2482: 2477: 2471: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2443: 2435: 2428: 2426: 2419: 2413: 2409: 2408: 2403: 2397: 2388: 2379: 2372: 2369: 2363: 2356: 2352: 2346: 2338: 2332: 2328: 2327: 2319: 2313: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2298: 2290: 2283: 2279: 2278:"Agnosticism" 2273: 2266: 2262: 2256: 2254: 2245: 2239: 2235: 2234: 2226: 2210: 2206: 2199: 2192: 2179: 2175: 2174: 2167: 2159: 2153: 2149: 2148: 2140: 2131: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2106: 2099: 2094: 2088: 2084: 2083: 2078: 2077:"Agnosticism" 2074: 2068: 2066: 2058: 2046: 2039: 2037: 2029: 2025: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2006: 1990: 1986: 1979: 1972: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1945: 1943: 1934: 1930: 1928:0-02-865780-2 1924: 1920: 1919: 1911: 1907: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1884: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1791: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1764: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1703: 1701: 1698:According to 1691: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1680:Blaise Pascal 1677: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1648:According to 1641: 1639: 1635: 1625: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1565: 1564: 1558: 1556: 1555:non-religious 1552: 1544: 1537: 1533: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1455:invented and 1454: 1450: 1446: 1445:Enlightenment 1442: 1437: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1399: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1364: 1362: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1345: 1341: 1330:United States 1326: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1310: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1294: 1283: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1267: 1262: 1260: 1254: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1224: 1222: 1217: 1215: 1214: 1209: 1203: 1199: 1190: 1181: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1165: 1160: 1150: 1145: 1141: 1136: 1132: 1129: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1104: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1051: 1048: 1044: 1036: 1032: 1015:Denis Diderot 1011: 1006: 1004: 1000: 996: 991: 986: 984: 983: 977: 975: 971: 970:Immanuel Kant 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 932: 912: 910: 909:Creation Hymn 906: 902: 897: 895: 889: 885: 870: 861: 852: 838: 836: 831: 827: 818: 816: 812: 806: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 783: 781: 777: 773: 772: 767: 763: 758: 756: 752: 750: 745: 741: 740:Ancient Greek 737: 728: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 700: 696: 683: 681: 668: 667:propositions. 656: 644: 634: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 611: 607: 602: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 569: 564: 562: 557: 555: 550: 549: 547: 546: 541: 538: 537: 536: 535: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 510: 501: 500: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 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