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Atheism and religion

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536:"O Prophet, just disregard the unbelievers and the hypocrites, and be firm against them. Their abode is Hell,-- an evil refuge indeed. They swear by God that they said nothing , but indeed they uttered blasphemy, and they did it after accepting Islam; and they meditated a plot which they were unable to carry out: this revenge of theirs was only return for the bounty which God and His Apostle had enriched them! If they repent, it will be best for them; but if they turn back , God will punish them with a grievous penalty in this life and in the Hereafter. They shall have none on this earth to protect or help them." 854:
supportive community in our congregations. We are pro-science, pro-reason, and pro-Evolution...Unitarian Universalism honors the differing paths we each travel. Our congregations are places where we celebrate, support, and challenge one another as we continue on these journeys.' The UU also accepts Christians, and many other religions who believe in a higher being, but it is not restricted - the UUA says that 'Unitarian Universalists are agnostic, theist, atheist, and everything in between.'
897: 5103: 5130: 366:(2125) The imputability of this offense can be significantly diminished in virtue of the intentions and the circumstances. "Believers can have more than a little to do with the rise of atheism. To the extent that they are careless about their instruction in the faith, or present its teaching falsely, or even fail in their religious, moral, or social life, they must be said to conceal rather than to reveal the true nature of God and of religion." 922: 422: 5090: 554:
if it is not conspicuous and a worldwide support network for ex-Muslims has existed since 2007. Some commentators believe that the number of undeclared atheists in the Arab world is substantial. According to 2012 WIN/Gallup poll of Saudi citizens, 5 percent of Saudis identify as "convinced atheists", the same percentage as in the U.S.
240:, rabbis have generally considered the behavior of a Jew to be the determining factor in whether or not one is considered an adherent of Judaism. Within these movements it is often recognized that it is possible for a Jew to strictly practice Judaism as a faith, while at the same time being an agnostic or atheist. 1284:
As the Government of the United States of America is not, in any sense, founded on the Christian religion; as it has in itself no character of enmity against the laws, religion, or tranquility, of Mussulmen; and, as the said States never entered into any war, or act of hostility against any Mahometan
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in an interview. "We begin with the universe and say, 'It’s indifferent. There’s no God, there’s no Devil. No one cares!'" The function of God is performed and satisfied by the Satanist themself. The needs of worship, ritual, and religious/spiritual focus are directed inwards towards the Satanist, as
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whether some of the Muslim growth projections are accurate as they do not take into account the increasing number of non-religious Muslims. Quantitative research is lacking, but he believes the European trend mirrors the American: data from the General Social Survey in the United States show that 32
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Religiosity in the Arab world is seen to be essential for morality and atheism is widely associated with immorality. Religious attitudes have grown more conservative since the 1980s, compared to the preceding decades when secular socialism was politically dominant. Nonetheless, atheism is tolerated
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In May 2013, Pope Francis said that atheists may be able to enter Heaven, because the redemptive embrace of Jesus applies to everyone who does good, regardless of their beliefs. The Catechism of the Catholic Church also says Heaven is available to everyone, if they are not Christian and "through no
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religions recognize that it is possible to practice religious faith, spirituality and adherence to tenets without a belief in deities. People with what would be considered religious or spiritual belief in a supernatural controlling power are defined by some as adherents to a religion; the argument
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and the stance of theological non-realists, Altizer says, "To confess the death of God is to speak of an actual and real event, not perhaps an event occurring in a single moment of time or history, but notwithstanding this reservation an event that has actually happened both in a cosmic and in a
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in the United States. Out of all Americans who do not believe in God, 5% identified as Catholic while 9% identified as Protestant and other Christian according to the 2007 Pew Religious Landscape survey. Out of all Americans who identify as unaffiliated including atheists and agnostics, 41% were
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which supports neither. Most ancient civilizations (from city-states to empires) had state religions; most modern countries are secular. State atheism is currently practiced in China and Vietnam, but unlike the strongly enforced bans on religious worship in the early Soviet Union and after the
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Unitarian Universalism (UU) is a liberal religion, first founded when Unitarians and Universalists came together in 1961. According to the Unitarian Universalist Association, atheists and agnostics are accepted and welcomed into the UU religion. 'People with atheist and agnostic beliefs find a
343:, and Christian ministers may intelligently distinguish an individual's claims of atheism from other nominal states of personal perspective, such as plain disbelief, an adherence to science, a misunderstanding of the nature of religious belief, or a disdain for organized religion in general. 1149:
often track religious sensibilities, though some argue that these are cultural rather than religious prohibitions, though there may be an influence of religious thinking on culture. Major early transitions from state religions to secular states in Western Christiandom were noted in
1162:. Prohibitions against state support for any particular religion or against required participation are not always enforced, particularly early in this transition process, and local laws in strongly religious communities may conflict with higher-level law. For example, official 1371:
Protestants (90%) are more likely than Roman Catholics (79%) and much more likely than Jews (48%) to believe in God. Protestants (47%) are also more likely than Catholics (35%) to attend church once a month or more often. Only 16% of Jews go to synagogues once a month or more
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percent of those raised Muslim no longer embrace Islam in adulthood, and 18 percent hold no religious identification. Studies show that about half of the 4.2 million persons from Muslim background in Germany no longer embrace Islam in adulthood.
382:(1967) proclaims the highly unusual view that God has literally died, or self-annihilated. According to Altizer, this is nevertheless "a Christian confession of faith". Making clear the difference between his position and that of both 265:
Nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century Reform Judaism in the US, which had become the dominant form of Judaism there by the 1880s, was profoundly shaped by its engagement with high profile sceptics and atheists such as
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also rejected the notion of God. Samkhya lacks the notion of a 'higher being' that is the ground of all existence. It proposes a thoroughly dualistic understanding of the cosmos, in which two parallel realities
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Even in counties where freedom of religion is guaranteed by the constitution or other fundamental law, practices or beliefs of a specific religion might be reflected in ostensibly secular codes. For example,
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Langton, Daniel R. "Discourses of Doubt: The Place of Atheism, Scepticism and Infidelity in Nineteenth-Century North American Reform Jewish Thought" in Hebrew Union College Annual (2018) Vol.88. pp. 203-253.
1105:. These systems sometimes create legal problems for atheists and couples of different religions. Atheists may be forced to declare an approved religion, or may be assigned one based on their ethnicity. 1662: 1945: 1177:
Some states, regardless of state endorsement of a religion, protect major religions against insult (which may include profession of atheism or criticism of religion by atheists), including
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Religion is defined as the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, and atheism is — precisely not that. Got it? Atheism is a religion like abstinence is a sex position.
1277:. There are also online churches that have been created by atheists to secure legal rights, to ordain atheist clergy to hold ceremonies, as well as for parody, education, and advocacy. 1206: 833:
have theistic or nontheistic undertones. Religious forms of Taoism do believe in a variety of cosmological beings, which are analogies to the cosmic forces within the universe.
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nation, it is declared by the parties, that no pretext arising from religious opinions, shall ever produce an interruption of the harmony existing between the two countries.
1170:. Despite having no state religion, the German government collects religious taxes for the constituents of several religions; the fee for leaving a religious body has been 1171: 398:(UU) consider themselves to be atheists, with 54% considering themselves humanist. According to this study 16% of UUs consider themselves Buddhist, 13% Christian, and 13% 313:, Kook held that, in practice, one could consider atheists as helping true religion burn away false images of God, thus in the end serving the purpose of true monotheism. 1355: 529:, though not the subject itself. The Quran speaks repeatedly of people going back to unbelief after believing, and gives advice on dealing with "hypocrites": 362:
considerations, and admonishes the followers of Roman Catholicism to focus on their own role in encouraging atheism by their religious or moral shortcomings:
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Muslims are not at liberty to change their religion or become atheists. Atheists in Islamic countries and communities frequently conceal their non-belief.
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Legal treatment of atheism has in the past and continues to vary tremendously across different jurisdictions. Three major types of national regime exist:
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do not explicitly affirm, nor are they founded upon faith in, a higher being or beings. However, Confucian writings do have numerous references to
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believes that the emancipated soul is itself God. Jains do not believe in a creator God, but there is belief in numerous gods within the cosmos.
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embrace Jewish culture and history, rather than belief in a supernatural god, as the sources of their Jewish identity. A 2003 online poll in the
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when common law became progressively more descriptive than prescriptive, judges were allowed some latitude in determining guilt (which is why
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John Tyndall's Transcendental Materialism and the Conflict Between Religion and Science in Victorian England (Distinguished Dissertations)
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opponents. The proper aim of a Cārvākan, according to these sources, was to live a prosperous, happy, productive life in this world (cf
3887: 817:, are vague on whether their conception of the Great Ultimate is like a personal deity or not. Although the Western translation of the 1583: 1042:). The minority of modern countries with state religions have established interpretations of either Christianity, Islam, or Buddhism. 4165: 1420: 1046: 672:, the physical) coexist and the aim of life is the gaining of liberating self-knowledge of the Purusha. Here, no God (better stated 302:
character of US Reform Jewish theology was observable, which many would have viewed as atheistic or espousing atheistic tendencies.
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carries connotations of blasphemy and disconnection from the Islamic community. In Arabic, "atheism" is generally translated
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was allowed in the United States until 1962. Freedom of religion was affirmed in nearly all countries in 1966 by the
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is nontheistic, rejecting belief in God and all other deities, including Satan. "Satanism begins with atheism," said
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opposed to outwards, towards a deity. It rejects concepts such as prayer, the afterlife, and divine forces. The
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Religions that can be described as grey areas, and do not belong in the aforementioned categories, such as
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is currently established by law in both China and Vietnam, and respected in practice to some degree (see
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Philosophy of education: an encyclopedia – Volume 1671 of Garland reference library of the humanities
1349:"While Most Americans Believe in God, Only 36% Attend a Religious Service Once a Month or More Often" 1328: 1258: 509: 332:
raised Protestant and 28% were raised Catholic according to the 2014 Pew Religious Landscape survey.
241: 2243: 5000: 4563: 3813: 3653: 3650: 3376: 3210: 3195: 3004: 2787: 2763: 2691: 2399: 825:, this is highly misleading. It is still a matter of debate whether the actual descriptions of the 738:, since Buddhist authorities and canonical texts do not affirm, and sometimes deny, the following: 1241:. There followed a long period of alternate suppressions and liberalizations until, following the 752:
That a god (deva), gods, or other divine beings are the source of moral imperatives. Instead, the
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on Sunday, for example by banning alcohol sales or forcing businesses to close. Laws surrounding
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In 1797, the United States Senate ratified a treaty with Tripoli that stated in Article 11:
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Aspects of Jaina religion – Issue 12 of Jñānapīṭha Mūrtidevī granthamālā: English series
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Countries with state religions range from those with extremely tolerant laws, like the
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That human beings or other creatures are responsible to a god or gods for their actions
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that adhere to no religion have been well documented. Darren E. Sherkat questioned in
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A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
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or the Adibuddha may seem to share characteristics with Western concepts of God, but
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that atheism was not a religion and not entitled to tax-exempt charitable status.
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Surveys: 'Uuism' unique Churchgoers from elsewhere, Christian Century Foundation
1233:. British subjects have a long history of religious upheaval from the time when 4661: 4656: 4524: 4489: 4421: 4395: 4231: 4080: 4019: 3932: 3775: 3671: 3414: 3094: 2792: 2486: 1254: 1249:
is so ambiguous). British "religious atheists" are numerous and might include
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Abraham's Children: Liberty and Tolerance in an Age of Religious Conflict
1246: 1122: 967: 949: 715: 706:). There is some evidence that the school persisted until at least 1578. 687: 387: 43: 2213: 1201:
In Canada, atheists have set up "atheist churches" however in 2019, the
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require a belief in God (represented by Judaism's paramount prayer, the
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makes this explicit. While it identifies atheism as a violation of the
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in some Christian countries have enforced certain observances of the
1025:, where a specific religion or sect is supported by the state, and a 735: 218: 58: 3828: 2369: 5129: 4433: 4340: 4305: 4263: 4251: 4039: 3833: 3733: 3676: 3480: 3434: 3318: 2954: 2849: 1950: 1190: 1138: 1126: 1110: 1098: 1006: 863: 780: 776: 731: 699: 669: 643: 628: 589: 581: 542: 399: 2337: 921: 4060: 4034: 4029: 3971: 3966: 3798: 3686: 3681: 3640: 3462: 3308: 3190: 2939: 2869: 2859: 2802: 2501: 1884:"Regionalization FAQ - Background Questions & Nuts and Bolts" 1230: 1146: 1114: 1089:(for religious minorities). Similar separate systems are used in 1070: 988: 814: 763:
All canonical Buddhist texts that mention the subject accept the
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Church of Atheism of Central Canada v Canada (National Revenue)
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Non-Belief: An Islamic Perspective. Secularism and Nonreligion
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Sevinç, K., Coleman III, T. J., & Hood Jr., R. W. (2018).
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Most Reverend Rowan Williams Archbishop of Canterbury (2009).
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The gods came afterwards, with the creation of this universe.
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and cultural ones. Not all ethnic Jews practice or believe in
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is a religion has been described as a contradiction in terms.
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The English Religious Tradition and the Genius of Anglicanism
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A 2001 survey by "Faith Communities Today" found that 18% of
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High rates of atheism have been found among self-identified
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found that only 48% of self-identified Jews believe in God.
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does not require any belief in a deity, and certain popular
1094: 1058: 805: 498:), and that translates roughly as "denier" or "concealer". 339:
approach toward atheism. The approach taken varies between
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World Scriptures: An Introduction to Comparative Religions
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Overview of the relationship between atheism and religion
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fault of their own, do not know Christ and the Church."
1926:"Existence of a Higher Power in Unitarian Universalism" 1049:, to those where the police enforce daily prayer, like 5118: 1634: 915: Countries that currently practice state atheism 2128: 1269:
Atheism in the United States is protected under the
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International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
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Discrimination against atheists in Islamic countries
1432:Catechism of the Catholic Church, English version, 1257:, whose body is displayed in the South Cloister of 2054:The English Constitution (Oxford World's Classics) 2009: 2007: 1346: 611:Whence was it produced? Whence is this creation? 374:A famous idiosyncratic atheist belief is that of 5142: 1727:. University of California Press. pp. 18–. 1663:"Religionszugehörigkeit Bevölkerung Deutschland" 1340: 1306:Religion and atheism in the films of Luis Buñuel 1021:, where atheism is supported by the government; 274:. These included the writings of rabbis such as 2769:Brazilian Association of Atheists and Agnostics 1720: 1594: 2050: 1905:"Atheist and Agnostic Unitarian Universalists" 1693: 1212: 580:Atheism is often considered acceptable within 3038: 2818: 2400: 2242:. Atheist Community of Austin. Archived from 1747: 1714: 162:Some movements or sects within traditionally 143: 1724:Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History 787:himself denied that he was a god or divine. 433:texts from within a religion or faith system 2234: 2109: 1983:Henry James Sumner Maine (September 2005). 1774: 3045: 3031: 2825: 2811: 2407: 2393: 1754:. Pearson Education India. pp. 206–. 1687: 891: 150: 136: 2342: 2311: 1966:"Satanist's Daughter To Keep the 'Faith'" 1855: 1808:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 258. 1741: 1552: 1396: 1392: 848: 462:Learn how and when to remove this message 1805:A history of Indian philosophy, Volume 1 1801: 1781:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 71. 920: 906: Countries that formerly practiced 895: 488:), a term that is also used to describe 2267: 1828: 1640: 1522:A medieval critique of Anthropomorphism 1488: 1476: 5143: 2363: 2057:. Oxford University Press (USA 2001). 1518: 178: 4784: 3526: 3064: 3026: 2806: 2388: 2351:from the original on 19 February 2006 2290: 1655: 1641:Sherkat, Darren E. (17 August 2015). 194:Jewish atheism usually refers to the 2320:from the original on 9 February 2006 1987:. Cosimo Classics (New York, 2005). 1862:. Taylor & Francis. p. 38. 1721:David Christian (1 September 2011). 1421:Most Nones were raised in a religion 790: 615:Who then knows whence it has arisen? 415: 298:, with the result that a distinctly 2162:"North Texas Church of Freethought" 1055:millet system of the Ottoman Empire 575: 13: 2832: 1519:Swartz, Merlin (30 January 2015). 836: 14: 5162: 2274:. London: Collins. Archived from 2194:from the original on 16 July 2011 2168:from the original on 16 July 2011 2142:from the original on 11 July 2011 1963: 1835:. Bhartiya Jnanpith. p. 27. 1595:AHMED BENCHEMSI (23 April 2015). 888:also practices LaVeyan Satanism. 821:as "god" in some editions of the 756:is an attribution of the universe 690:and atheist school of thought in 655:schools of Hindu philosophy, the 5128: 5102: 5101: 5088: 2744:Freedom From Religion Foundation 2293:"The Making of a Quaker Atheist" 1264: 1217:The chief law officer is called 659:do not accept God and the early 420: 348:Catechism of the Catholic Church 2271:The Gospel of Christian Atheism 2228: 2206: 2188:"Houston Church of Freethought" 2180: 2154: 2136:"About First Church of Atheism" 2103: 2078: 2044: 2030: 2016:. Yale University Press (USA). 2008:Kelly James Clark, ed. (2012). 2001: 1976: 1957: 1946:Interview with Peter H. Gilmore 1939: 1918: 1897: 1876: 1849: 1822: 1802:Dasgupta, Surendranath (1992). 1795: 1768: 1700:. Paulist Press. pp. 34–. 1694:Kenneth Kramer (January 1986). 1607: 1588: 1573: 1553:Goldziher, I. (24 April 2012). 1546: 1512: 1494: 1482: 1030:Communist Revolution in China, 925:Countries with state religion: 380:The Gospel of Christian Atheism 316: 3052: 2734:Atheist Alliance International 2492:Separation of church and state 2414: 2343:Rachmani, Rav Hillel (2002b). 2338:http://doi.org/10.5334/snr.111 2312:Rachmani, Rav Hillel (2002a). 2089:. Wipf & Stock Publisher. 1470: 1445: 1426: 1414: 1402: 1386: 1377: 1317: 1301:Separation of church and state 1040:Freedom of religion in Vietnam 478:, atheists are categorized as 202:and (at least to some extent) 1: 4785: 2729:American Humanist Association 2268:Altizer, Thomas J.J. (1967). 2261: 1775:Chakravarti, Sitansu (1991). 1409:Religious self-identification 926: 642:is a valid form of belief in 440:that critically analyze them. 4574:Ordinary language philosophy 3065: 2678:Letter to a Christian Nation 2214:"Do Atheists Need a Church?" 1311: 1036:Freedom of religion in China 779:school of Buddhism, e.g. of 228:In general, formulations of 7: 4624:Contemporary utilitarianism 4539:Internalism and externalism 2114:. Mellen University Press. 1559:BrillOnline Reference Works 1289: 1213:Great Britain (English Law) 857: 726: 609:Who will here proclaim it? 595: 527:the punishment for apostasy 10: 5167: 3888:Svatantrika and Prasangika 3527: 2539:Discrimination/Persecution 1856:Chambliss, Joseph (1996). 1347:Taylor, Humphrey. (2003). 972: 929: 861: 813:writings, such as that of 713: 709: 649:Among the six fundamental 599: 409: 320: 238:Jewish religious movements 230:Jewish principles of faith 187: 183: 5082: 5034: 4934: 4896: 4843: 4810: 4801: 4797: 4780: 4730: 4642: 4480: 4471: 4404: 4187: 4178: 4156: 4111: 4053: 4005: 3959: 3950: 3913: 3784: 3649: 3596: 3587: 3537: 3533: 3522: 3461: 3433: 3390: 3342: 3299: 3252: 3224: 3176: 3148: 3110:Philosophy of mathematics 3100:Philosophy of information 3075: 3071: 3060: 2840: 2776: 2715: 2625: 2599: 2566: 2500: 2422: 2110:Stephen Kim, ed. (1996). 1330:Real Time with Bill Maher 1259:University College London 1196: 242:Reconstructionist Judaism 2788:Disestablishmentarianism 2764:Recovering from Religion 2692:Why I Am Not a Christian 1506:22 November 2008 at the 405: 4579:Postanalytic philosophy 4520:Experimental philosophy 2783:Countries by irreligion 2759:Rational Response Squad 2749:Humanists International 2650:The Demon-Haunted World 2051:Walter Bagehot (1867). 1829:Sangave, Vilas (2006). 1778:Hinduism, a way of life 1643:"Losing Their Religion" 1203:Federal Court of Canada 892:Legal status of atheism 557:The increasingly large 396:Unitarian Universalists 341:Christian denominations 4712:Social constructionism 3724:Hellenistic philosophy 3140:Theoretical philosophy 3115:Philosophy of religion 3105:Philosophy of language 2291:Amoss, George (1999). 1748:Upinder Singh (2008). 1287: 1172:challenged by atheists 1152:Colonial North America 1014: 918: 849:Unitarian Universalism 843:Unitarian Universalism 767:(as distinct from the 734:is often described as 637: 625:origin of the universe 548: 368: 248:prayer books, such as 5095:Philosophy portal 4614:Scientific skepticism 4594:Reformed epistemology 3120:Philosophy of science 2699:Why I Am Not a Muslim 2549:Negative and positive 2544:Implicit and explicit 2442:Criticism of religion 2364:Horgan, Lara (2009). 2240:"Atheism and the Law" 1525:. Brill. p. 96. 1296:Nontheistic religions 1282: 1235:Henry VIII of England 1079:Palestinian Authority 959:Orthodox Christianity 924: 899: 746:, and therefore of a 668:, the spiritual, and 605: 559:ex-Muslim communities 534: 436:without referring to 364: 217:components, but also 213:encompasses not only 87:Christian agnosticism 5151:Religion and atheism 4515:Critical rationalism 4222:Edo neo-Confucianism 4066:Acintya bheda abheda 4045:Renaissance humanism 3756:School of the Sextii 3130:Practical philosophy 3125:Political philosophy 2980:Religious naturalism 2685:The System of Nature 2452:Organized secularism 2278:on 29 September 2006 1597:"Invisible Atheists" 1439:28 June 2015 at the 1275:Free Exercise Clause 886:First Satanic Church 444:improve this article 376:Thomas J. J. Altizer 122:Spiritual naturalism 69:Secular spirituality 49:Atheism and religion 30:Nontheistic religion 4086:Nimbarka Sampradaya 3997:Korean Confucianism 3744:Academic Skepticism 2706:Why I Am an Atheist 1948:, David Shankbone, 1327:(3 February 2012). 1239:English Reformation 1156:American Revolution 1032:freedom of religion 901:World map showing: 742:The existence of a 602:Atheism in Hinduism 391:historical sense." 335:There is no single 179:Abrahamic religions 97:Cultural Christians 24:Part of a series on 4707:Post-structuralism 4609:Scientific realism 4564:Quinean naturalism 4544:Logical positivism 4500:Analytical Marxism 3719:Peripatetic school 3631:Chinese naturalism 3158:Aesthetic response 3085:Applied philosophy 2739:Center for Inquiry 2643:Breaking the Spell 2467:Secular liberalism 2299:on 21 October 2006 1954:, 5 November 2007. 1675:on 15 January 2016 1015: 919: 607:Who really knows? 307:Abraham Isaac Kook 256:Humanistic Judaism 236:). In many modern 198:of people who are 64:Religious humanism 5116: 5115: 5078: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5070: 5069: 4776: 4775: 4772: 4771: 4768: 4767: 4495:Analytic feminism 4467: 4466: 4429:Kierkegaardianism 4391:Transcendentalism 4351:Neo-scholasticism 4197:Classical Realism 4174: 4173: 3946: 3945: 3761:Neopythagoreanism 3518: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3135:Social philosophy 3020: 3019: 2895:Feminist theology 2800: 2799: 2724:American Atheists 2636:The Age of Reason 1869:978-0-8153-1177-5 1842:978-81-263-1273-3 1815:978-81-208-0412-8 1788:978-81-208-0899-7 1761:978-81-317-1120-0 1734:978-0-520-95067-2 1707:978-0-8091-2781-8 1434:section 3.2.1.1.3 1361:on 9 January 2011 1160:French Revolution 1013: 1012: 868:Theistic Satanism 791:Chinese religions 472: 471: 464: 438:secondary sources 352:First Commandment 323:Christian atheism 223:religious Judaism 160: 159: 92:Christian atheism 81:Religious stances 5158: 5133: 5132: 5124: 5105: 5104: 5093: 5092: 5091: 4808: 4807: 4799: 4798: 4782: 4781: 4672:Frankfurt School 4619:Transactionalism 4569:Normative ethics 4549:Legal positivism 4525:Falsificationism 4510:Consequentialism 4505:Communitarianism 4478: 4477: 4346:New Confucianism 4185: 4184: 3992:Neo-Confucianism 3957: 3956: 3766:Second Sophistic 3751:Middle Platonism 3594: 3593: 3535: 3534: 3524: 3523: 3367:Epiphenomenalism 3234:Consequentialism 3168:Institutionalism 3073: 3072: 3062: 3061: 3047: 3040: 3033: 3024: 3023: 2975:Process theology 2827: 2820: 2813: 2804: 2803: 2671:God Is Not Great 2664:The God Delusion 2657:The End of Faith 2586:Agnostic atheism 2554:Existence of God 2462:Secular humanism 2437:Anti-clericalism 2409: 2402: 2395: 2386: 2385: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2368:. Archived from 2360: 2358: 2356: 2336:, 7(1), 5. DOI: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2295:. Archived from 2287: 2285: 2283: 2256: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2232: 2226: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2184: 2178: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2158: 2152: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2132: 2126: 2125: 2107: 2101: 2100: 2082: 2076: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2048: 2042: 2041: 2034: 2028: 2027: 2015: 2005: 1999: 1998: 1980: 1974: 1973: 1961: 1955: 1943: 1937: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1922: 1916: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1901: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1880: 1874: 1873: 1853: 1847: 1846: 1826: 1820: 1819: 1799: 1793: 1792: 1772: 1766: 1765: 1745: 1739: 1738: 1718: 1712: 1711: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1674: 1667: 1659: 1653: 1652: 1638: 1632: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1611: 1605: 1604: 1592: 1586: 1577: 1571: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1550: 1544: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1516: 1510: 1498: 1492: 1486: 1480: 1474: 1468: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1449: 1443: 1430: 1424: 1418: 1412: 1406: 1400: 1390: 1384: 1381: 1375: 1374: 1368: 1366: 1360: 1354:. Archived from 1353: 1344: 1338: 1337: 1321: 1004: 995: 986: 976: 965: 956: 943: 933: 927: 914: 905: 881:Peter H. Gilmore 873:LaVeyan Satanism 635: 576:Indian religions 546: 541:Qur'an, sura 9 ( 467: 460: 456: 453: 447: 424: 423: 416: 288:Joseph Krauskopf 276:Isaac Mayer Wise 268:Robert Ingersoll 152: 145: 138: 117:Secular Buddhism 102:Cultural Muslims 21: 20: 5166: 5165: 5161: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5155: 5141: 5140: 5139: 5127: 5119: 5117: 5112: 5089: 5087: 5066: 5030: 4930: 4892: 4839: 4793: 4792: 4764: 4753:Russian cosmism 4726: 4722:Western Marxism 4687:New Historicism 4652:Critical theory 4638: 4634:Wittgensteinian 4530:Foundationalism 4463: 4400: 4381:Social contract 4237:Foundationalism 4170: 4152: 4136:Illuminationism 4121:Aristotelianism 4107: 4096:Vishishtadvaita 4049: 4001: 3942: 3909: 3780: 3709:Megarian school 3704:Eretrian school 3645: 3606:Agriculturalism 3583: 3529: 3510: 3457: 3429: 3386: 3338: 3295: 3279:Incompatibilism 3248: 3220: 3172: 3144: 3067: 3056: 3051: 3021: 3016: 2836: 2831: 2801: 2796: 2772: 2711: 2621: 2595: 2562: 2496: 2457:Parody religion 2418: 2413: 2375: 2373: 2372:on 17 July 2010 2354: 2352: 2323: 2321: 2302: 2300: 2281: 2279: 2264: 2259: 2249: 2247: 2246:on 15 June 2010 2236:Matt Dillahunty 2233: 2229: 2219: 2217: 2216:. 18 April 2008 2212: 2211: 2207: 2197: 2195: 2186: 2185: 2181: 2171: 2169: 2160: 2159: 2155: 2145: 2143: 2134: 2133: 2129: 2122: 2108: 2104: 2097: 2083: 2079: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2049: 2045: 2036: 2035: 2031: 2024: 2006: 2002: 1995: 1981: 1977: 1962: 1958: 1944: 1940: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1923: 1919: 1909: 1907: 1903: 1902: 1898: 1888: 1886: 1882: 1881: 1877: 1870: 1854: 1850: 1843: 1827: 1823: 1816: 1800: 1796: 1789: 1773: 1769: 1762: 1746: 1742: 1735: 1719: 1715: 1708: 1692: 1688: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1665: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1648:Foreign Affairs 1639: 1635: 1625: 1623: 1613: 1612: 1608: 1593: 1589: 1578: 1574: 1564: 1562: 1551: 1547: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1517: 1513: 1508:Wayback Machine 1499: 1495: 1487: 1483: 1475: 1471: 1461: 1459: 1451: 1450: 1446: 1441:Wayback Machine 1431: 1427: 1423:pewresearch.org 1419: 1415: 1411:pewresearch.org 1407: 1403: 1391: 1387: 1382: 1378: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1351: 1345: 1341: 1323: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1292: 1271:First Amendment 1267: 1219:Lord Chancellor 1215: 1199: 1009: 1002: 1000: 993: 991: 984: 982: 974: 970: 963: 961: 954: 952: 941: 939: 931: 917: 916: 912: 910: 903: 894: 877:Church of Satan 870: 860: 851: 839: 837:Other religions 793: 729: 718: 712: 636: 623:, concerns the 619: 614: 612: 610: 608: 604: 598: 578: 568:Foreign Affairs 547: 540: 468: 457: 451: 448: 441: 425: 421: 414: 408: 325: 319: 296:J. Leonard Levy 280:Kaufmann Kohler 251:Gates of Prayer 211:Jewish identity 192: 186: 181: 156: 127: 126: 82: 74: 73: 39: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5164: 5154: 5153: 5138: 5137: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5110: 5098: 5083: 5080: 5079: 5076: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5068: 5067: 5065: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5038: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4962: 4961: 4951: 4946: 4940: 4938: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4902: 4900: 4898:Middle Eastern 4894: 4893: 4891: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4849: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4816: 4814: 4805: 4795: 4794: 4791: 4790: 4786: 4778: 4777: 4774: 4773: 4770: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4762: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4734: 4732: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4662:Existentialism 4659: 4657:Deconstruction 4654: 4648: 4646: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4490:Applied ethics 4486: 4484: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4461: 4456: 4454:Nietzscheanism 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4425: 4424: 4414: 4408: 4406: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4398: 4396:Utilitarianism 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4297: 4296: 4294:Transcendental 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4261: 4260: 4259: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4232:Existentialism 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4188: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4168: 4162: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4150: 4145: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4117: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4105: 4100: 4099: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4057: 4055: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4020:Augustinianism 4017: 4011: 4009: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3963: 3961: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3941: 3940: 3935: 3933:Zoroastrianism 3930: 3925: 3919: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3907: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3855: 3854: 3853: 3848: 3838: 3837: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3790: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3778: 3776:Church Fathers 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3747: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3690: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3658: 3656: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3602: 3600: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3581: 3580: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3549: 3543: 3541: 3531: 3530: 3520: 3519: 3516: 3515: 3512: 3511: 3509: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3467: 3465: 3459: 3458: 3456: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3439: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3428: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3396: 3394: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3348: 3346: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3305: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3293: 3291:Libertarianism 3288: 3287: 3286: 3276: 3275: 3274: 3264: 3258: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3230: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3182: 3180: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3154: 3152: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3095:Metaphilosophy 3092: 3087: 3081: 3079: 3069: 3068: 3058: 3057: 3050: 3049: 3042: 3035: 3027: 3018: 3017: 3015: 3014: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2834:Belief systems 2830: 2829: 2822: 2815: 2807: 2798: 2797: 2795: 2793:Secular ethics 2790: 2785: 2780: 2778: 2777:Related topics 2774: 2773: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2710: 2709: 2702: 2695: 2688: 2681: 2674: 2667: 2660: 2653: 2646: 2639: 2631: 2629: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2603: 2601: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2572: 2570: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2495: 2494: 2489: 2487:Secularization 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2428: 2426: 2420: 2419: 2412: 2411: 2404: 2397: 2389: 2383: 2382: 2361: 2340: 2330: 2309: 2288: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2257: 2227: 2205: 2179: 2153: 2127: 2121:978-0773422780 2120: 2102: 2096:978-1606082096 2095: 2077: 2064:978-0192839756 2063: 2043: 2029: 2023:978-0300179378 2022: 2000: 1994:978-1596052260 1993: 1975: 1964:Sward, Susan. 1956: 1938: 1917: 1896: 1875: 1868: 1848: 1841: 1821: 1814: 1794: 1787: 1767: 1760: 1740: 1733: 1713: 1706: 1686: 1654: 1633: 1606: 1587: 1572: 1561:. Brill Online 1545: 1532:978-9004123762 1531: 1511: 1493: 1491:, p. 103. 1481: 1479:, p. 102. 1469: 1444: 1425: 1413: 1401: 1397:Rachmani 2002b 1393:Rachmani 2002a 1385: 1376: 1339: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1291: 1288: 1266: 1263: 1255:Jeremy Bentham 1221:and holds the 1214: 1211: 1198: 1195: 1047:United Kingdom 1023:state religion 1011: 1010: 1001: 992: 983: 973: 971: 962: 953: 940: 930: 911: 902: 900: 893: 890: 859: 856: 850: 847: 838: 835: 795:Some forms of 792: 789: 785:Gautama Buddha 761: 760: 757: 750: 728: 725: 711: 708: 621:Nasadiya Sukta 617: 597: 594: 577: 574: 538: 470: 469: 428: 426: 419: 407: 404: 386:notion of the 321:Main article: 318: 315: 284:Emil G. Hirsch 190:Jewish atheism 188:Main article: 185: 182: 180: 177: 158: 157: 155: 154: 147: 140: 132: 129: 128: 125: 124: 119: 114: 112:Jewish atheism 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 83: 80: 79: 76: 75: 72: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 46: 40: 37: 36: 33: 32: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5163: 5152: 5149: 5148: 5146: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5125: 5122: 5109: 5108: 5099: 5097: 5096: 5085: 5084: 5081: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5039: 5037: 5035:Miscellaneous 5033: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4933: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4895: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4842: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4788: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4761: 4760: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4731:Miscellaneous 4729: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4717:Structuralism 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4702:Postmodernism 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4692:Phenomenology 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4629:Vienna Circle 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4559:Moral realism 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4470: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4423: 4420: 4419: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4403: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4361:Phenomenology 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4301:Individualism 4299: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4266: 4265: 4262: 4258: 4255: 4254: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4189: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4177: 4167: 4166:Judeo-Islamic 4164: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4155: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4143: 4142:ʿIlm al-Kalām 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4110: 4104: 4101: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4091:Shuddhadvaita 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4063: 4062: 4059: 4058: 4056: 4052: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4025:Scholasticism 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4008: 4004: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3912: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3860: 3859: 3856: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3843: 3842: 3839: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3795: 3792: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3726: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3664: 3663: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3648: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3554: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3525: 3521: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3476:Conceptualism 3474: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3460: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3405:Particularism 3403: 3401: 3398: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3372:Functionalism 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3357:Eliminativism 3355: 3353: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3298: 3292: 3289: 3285: 3282: 3281: 3280: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3269: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3262:Compatibilism 3260: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3251: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3201:Particularism 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3175: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3048: 3043: 3041: 3036: 3034: 3029: 3028: 3025: 3013: 3012: 3008: 3006: 3005:Transcendence 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2842: 2839: 2835: 2828: 2823: 2821: 2816: 2814: 2809: 2808: 2805: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2717:Organizations 2714: 2708: 2707: 2703: 2701: 2700: 2696: 2694: 2693: 2689: 2687: 2686: 2682: 2680: 2679: 2675: 2673: 2672: 2668: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2652: 2651: 2647: 2645: 2644: 2640: 2638: 2637: 2633: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2624: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2499: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2472:Secular state 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2410: 2405: 2403: 2398: 2396: 2391: 2390: 2387: 2371: 2367: 2362: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2319: 2315: 2310: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2277: 2273: 2272: 2266: 2265: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2231: 2215: 2209: 2193: 2189: 2183: 2167: 2163: 2157: 2141: 2137: 2131: 2123: 2117: 2113: 2106: 2098: 2092: 2088: 2081: 2066: 2060: 2056: 2055: 2047: 2039: 2033: 2025: 2019: 2014: 2013: 2004: 1996: 1990: 1986: 1979: 1971: 1967: 1960: 1953: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1927: 1921: 1906: 1900: 1885: 1879: 1871: 1865: 1861: 1860: 1852: 1844: 1838: 1834: 1833: 1825: 1817: 1811: 1807: 1806: 1798: 1790: 1784: 1780: 1779: 1771: 1763: 1757: 1753: 1752: 1744: 1736: 1730: 1726: 1725: 1717: 1709: 1703: 1699: 1698: 1690: 1671: 1664: 1658: 1650: 1649: 1644: 1637: 1622: 1621: 1616: 1610: 1602: 1598: 1591: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1560: 1556: 1549: 1534: 1528: 1524: 1523: 1515: 1509: 1505: 1502: 1497: 1490: 1485: 1478: 1473: 1458: 1454: 1448: 1442: 1438: 1435: 1429: 1422: 1417: 1410: 1405: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1380: 1373: 1357: 1350: 1343: 1336: 1332: 1331: 1326: 1320: 1316: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1286: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1265:United States 1262: 1260: 1256: 1253:and, notably 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1175: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1164:school prayer 1161: 1157: 1153: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1135:homosexuality 1132: 1131:contraception 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1028: 1027:secular state 1024: 1020: 1019:state atheism 1008: 999: 990: 981:(unspecified) 980: 969: 960: 951: 947: 946:Protestantism 938:(unspecified) 937: 928: 923: 909: 908:state atheism 898: 889: 887: 882: 878: 874: 869: 865: 855: 846: 844: 834: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 811:Neo-Confucian 808: 807: 802: 798: 788: 786: 782: 778: 775:found in the 774: 770: 766: 758: 755: 751: 749: 748:creator deity 745: 741: 740: 739: 737: 733: 724: 722: 717: 707: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 675: 671: 667: 662: 658: 654: 653: 647: 645: 641: 634: 630: 626: 622: 616: 603: 593: 591: 587: 583: 573: 570: 569: 564: 563:Western world 560: 555: 551: 545:), ayat 73-73 544: 537: 533: 532:Sura 9:73,74 530: 528: 525:is silent on 524: 519: 517: 516: 511: 507: 506: 501: 497: 496: 491: 487: 483: 482: 477: 466: 463: 455: 445: 439: 435: 434: 429:This section 427: 418: 417: 413: 403: 401: 397: 392: 389: 385: 381: 377: 372: 367: 363: 361: 357: 353: 349: 344: 342: 338: 333: 330: 324: 314: 312: 308: 303: 301: 300:panentheistic 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 263: 261: 260:United States 257: 253: 252: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 226: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 205: 201: 197: 191: 176: 174: 169: 165: 153: 148: 146: 141: 139: 134: 133: 131: 130: 123: 120: 118: 115: 113: 110: 108: 107:Hindu atheism 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 93: 90: 88: 85: 84: 78: 77: 70: 67: 65: 62: 60: 57: 55: 52: 50: 47: 45: 42: 41: 35: 34: 31: 28: 27: 23: 22: 19: 5100: 5086: 4757: 4748:Postcritique 4738:Kyoto School 4697:Posthumanism 4677:Hermeneutics 4532: / 4473:Contemporary 4449:Newtonianism 4412:Cartesianism 4371:Reductionism 4207:Conservatism 4202:Collectivism 4140: 3868:Sarvāstivadā 3846:Anekantavada 3771:Neoplatonism 3739:Epicureanism 3672:Pythagoreans 3611:Confucianism 3577:Contemporary 3567:Early modern 3471:Anti-realism 3425:Universalism 3382:Subjectivism 3178:Epistemology 3009: 2935:Neoplatonism 2865:Antireligion 2754:Humanists UK 2704: 2697: 2690: 2683: 2676: 2669: 2662: 2655: 2648: 2641: 2634: 2513: 2509:Demographics 2432:Antireligion 2374:. Retrieved 2370:the original 2353:. Retrieved 2322:. Retrieved 2301:. Retrieved 2297:the original 2280:. Retrieved 2276:the original 2270: 2248:. Retrieved 2244:the original 2230: 2218:. Retrieved 2208: 2196:. Retrieved 2182: 2170:. Retrieved 2156: 2144:. Retrieved 2130: 2111: 2105: 2086: 2080: 2068:. Retrieved 2053: 2046: 2032: 2011: 2003: 1984: 1978: 1969: 1959: 1949: 1941: 1929:. Retrieved 1920: 1908:. Retrieved 1899: 1887:. Retrieved 1878: 1858: 1851: 1831: 1824: 1804: 1797: 1777: 1770: 1750: 1743: 1723: 1716: 1696: 1689: 1677:. Retrieved 1670:the original 1657: 1646: 1636: 1624:. Retrieved 1620:The Guardian 1618: 1609: 1601:New Republic 1600: 1590: 1575: 1563:. Retrieved 1558: 1548: 1536:. Retrieved 1521: 1514: 1496: 1489:Altizer 1967 1484: 1477:Altizer 1967 1472: 1460:. Retrieved 1457:catholic.org 1456: 1447: 1428: 1416: 1404: 1388: 1379: 1370: 1363:. Retrieved 1356:the original 1342: 1334: 1329: 1319: 1283: 1279: 1268: 1237:ordered the 1216: 1200: 1176: 1107: 1053:. Under the 1051:Saudi Arabia 1044: 1016: 936:Christianity 879:High Priest 871: 852: 840: 823:Tao te Ching 804: 797:Confucianism 794: 768: 764: 762: 736:non-theistic 730: 719: 704:Epicureanism 683: 678: 673: 650: 648: 638: 632: 606: 592:in India. 579: 566: 556: 552: 549: 535: 531: 520: 513: 503: 499: 493: 479: 473: 458: 449: 442:Please help 430: 393: 388:death of God 379: 373: 369: 365: 345: 334: 326: 317:Christianity 304: 264: 249: 227: 193: 168:polytheistic 164:monotheistic 161: 48: 18: 4743:Objectivism 4682:Neo-Marxism 4644:Continental 4554:Meta-ethics 4534:Coherentism 4439:Hegelianism 4376:Rationalism 4336:Natural law 4316:Materialism 4242:Historicism 4212:Determinism 4103:Navya-Nyāya 3878:Sautrāntika 3873:Pudgalavada 3809:Vaisheshika 3662:Presocratic 3562:Renaissance 3501:Physicalism 3486:Materialism 3392:Normativity 3377:Objectivism 3362:Emergentism 3352:Behaviorism 3301:Metaphysics 3267:Determinism 3206:Rationalism 2965:Panentheism 2945:New Thought 2890:Esotericism 2855:Agnosticism 2568:Agnosticism 2447:Freethought 2376:12 December 1985:Ancient Law 1931:25 December 1910:25 December 1889:25 December 1462:16 December 1247:English law 1243:Restoration 1123:pornography 998:Shi'a Islam 989:Sunni Islam 968:Catholicism 950:Anglicanism 716:Transtheism 688:materialist 490:polytheists 384:Nietzsche's 378:. His book 272:Felix Adler 44:Agnosticism 5042:Amerindian 4949:Australian 4888:Vietnamese 4868:Indonesian 4417:Kantianism 4366:Positivism 4356:Pragmatism 4331:Naturalism 4311:Liberalism 4289:Subjective 4227:Empiricism 4131:Avicennism 4076:Bhedabheda 3960:East Asian 3883:Madhyamaka 3863:Abhidharma 3729:Pyrrhonism 3496:Nominalism 3491:Naturalism 3420:Skepticism 3410:Relativism 3400:Absolutism 3329:Naturalism 3239:Deontology 3211:Skepticism 3196:Naturalism 3186:Empiricism 3150:Aesthetics 3054:Philosophy 2990:Shramanism 2970:Polytheism 2950:Nondualism 2925:Monotheism 2905:Henotheism 2900:Gnosticism 2845:Abrahamism 2559:Antitheism 2482:Secularity 2477:Secularism 2424:Irreligion 2416:Irreligion 2303:27 October 2282:27 October 2262:References 1970:sfgate.com 1679:24 January 1325:Bill Maher 1251:George Fox 1227:conscience 1158:, and the 1103:Bangladesh 862:See also: 714:See also: 600:See also: 410:See also: 329:Christians 292:Aaron Hahn 204:culturally 200:ethnically 4921:Pakistani 4883:Taiwanese 4830:Ethiopian 4803:By region 4789:By region 4604:Scientism 4599:Systemics 4459:Spinozism 4386:Socialism 4321:Modernism 4284:Objective 4192:Anarchism 4126:Averroism 4015:Christian 3967:Neotaoism 3938:Zurvanism 3928:Mithraism 3923:Mazdakism 3694:Cyrenaics 3621:Logicians 3254:Free will 3216:Solipsism 3163:Formalism 2985:Shamanism 2960:Pantheism 2930:Mysticism 2920:Monolatry 2910:Immanence 2617:Humanists 2612:Agnostics 2591:Apatheism 2534:Criticism 1972:. SFGate. 1565:9 January 1555:"Dahrīya" 1365:1 January 1312:Citations 1205:ruled in 1187:blasphemy 1179:Indonesia 1111:blue laws 769:authority 765:existence 452:June 2015 337:Christian 215:religious 59:Pantheism 5145:Category 5135:Religion 5107:Category 5062:Yugoslav 5052:Romanian 4959:Scottish 4944:American 4873:Japanese 4853:Buddhist 4835:Africana 4825:Egyptian 4667:Feminist 4589:Rawlsian 4584:Quietism 4482:Analytic 4434:Krausism 4341:Nihilism 4306:Kokugaku 4269:Absolute 4264:Idealism 4252:Humanism 4040:Occamism 4007:European 3952:Medieval 3898:Yogacara 3858:Buddhist 3851:Syādvāda 3734:Stoicism 3699:Cynicism 3687:Sophists 3682:Atomists 3677:Eleatics 3616:Legalism 3557:Medieval 3481:Idealism 3435:Ontology 3415:Nihilism 3319:Idealism 3077:Branches 3066:Branches 2955:Pandeism 2880:Dharmism 2850:Acosmism 2607:Atheists 2514:Religion 2349:Archived 2318:Archived 2192:Archived 2166:Archived 2140:Archived 1951:Wikinews 1504:Archived 1437:Archived 1290:See also 1225:of 'the 1191:apostasy 1139:gambling 1127:abortion 1099:Pakistan 1007:Buddhism 864:Satanism 858:Satanism 781:Amitabha 777:Mahayana 744:creation 732:Buddhism 727:Buddhism 700:Buddhist 686:) was a 684:Charvaka 670:Prakriti 644:Hinduism 633:10:129-6 629:Rig Veda 618:—  596:Hinduism 590:Buddhism 582:Hinduism 543:At-Tawba 539:—  356:virtuous 38:Concepts 5057:Russian 5026:Spanish 5021:Slovene 5011:Maltese 5006:Italian 4986:Finland 4954:British 4936:Western 4926:Turkish 4911:Islamic 4906:Iranian 4858:Chinese 4845:Eastern 4812:African 4759:more... 4444:Marxism 4274:British 4217:Dualism 4113:Islamic 4071:Advaita 4061:Vedanta 4035:Scotism 4030:Thomism 3972:Tiantai 3915:Persian 3903:Tibetan 3893:Śūnyatā 3834:Cārvāka 3824:Ājīvika 3819:Mīmāṃsā 3799:Samkhya 3714:Academy 3667:Ionians 3641:Yangism 3598:Chinese 3589:Ancient 3552:Western 3547:Ancient 3506:Realism 3463:Reality 3453:Process 3334:Realism 3314:Dualism 3309:Atomism 3191:Fideism 2940:New Age 2885:Dualism 2870:Atheism 2860:Animism 2519:History 2502:Atheism 2355:5 March 2324:5 March 2250:20 July 2070:29 June 1584:9:73–74 1538:27 July 1333:. HBO. 1231:monarch 1229:of the 1147:tobacco 1143:alcohol 1115:Sabbath 1071:Lebanon 815:Chu Hsi 721:Jainism 710:Jainism 680:Cārvāka 666:Purusha 661:Mimamsa 657:Samkhya 640:Atheism 586:Jainism 561:in the 515:dahriya 196:atheism 184:Judaism 173:atheism 54:Ietsism 5121:Portal 5016:Polish 4996:German 4991:French 4976:Danish 4966:Canada 4916:Jewish 4878:Korean 4863:Indian 4405:People 4326:Monism 4279:German 4247:Holism 4180:Modern 4158:Jewish 4081:Dvaita 4054:Indian 3977:Huayan 3829:Ajñana 3786:Indian 3651:Greco- 3636:Taoism 3626:Mohism 3572:Modern 3539:By era 3528:By era 3443:Action 3324:Monism 3244:Virtue 3226:Ethics 3000:Theism 2915:Monism 2600:People 2576:Strong 2220:1 July 2198:1 July 2172:1 July 2146:1 July 2118:  2093:  2061:  2020:  1991:  1866:  1839:  1812:  1785:  1758:  1731:  1704:  1582:  1529:  1372:often. 1197:Canada 1183:heresy 1154:, the 1119:nudity 1087:Greece 1085:, and 1077:, the 1075:Israel 1067:Jordan 1005:  1003:  996:  994:  987:  985:  977:  975:  966:  964:  957:  955:  944:  942:  934:  932:  913:  904:  801:Taoism 773:Buddha 754:Dharma 696:Astika 682:(also 652:Astika 305:Rabbi 294:, and 246:Reform 219:ethnic 207:Jewish 5047:Aztec 5001:Greek 4981:Dutch 4971:Czech 4820:Bantu 4257:Anti- 3804:Nyaya 3794:Hindu 3654:Roman 3448:Event 3090:Logic 2995:Taoic 2875:Deism 2627:Books 2524:State 1673:(PDF) 1666:(PDF) 1626:6 May 1580:Quran 1359:(PDF) 1352:(PDF) 1223:title 1091:India 1083:Egypt 1063:Syria 979:Islam 831:Laozi 692:India 674:theos 523:Quran 510:إلحاد 505:ilhad 500:Kafir 495:shirk 481:kafir 476:Islam 431:uses 406:Islam 400:Pagan 360:moral 234:Shema 171:that 4148:Sufi 3982:Chan 3841:Jain 3814:Yoga 3344:Mind 3284:Hard 3272:Hard 3011:more 2581:Weak 2378:2009 2357:2006 2326:2006 2305:2006 2284:2006 2252:2009 2222:2011 2200:2011 2174:2011 2148:2011 2116:ISBN 2091:ISBN 2072:2013 2059:ISBN 2018:ISBN 1989:ISBN 1933:2016 1912:2016 1891:2016 1864:ISBN 1837:ISBN 1810:ISBN 1783:ISBN 1756:ISBN 1729:ISBN 1702:ISBN 1681:2016 1628:2016 1567:2019 1540:2017 1527:ISBN 1464:2018 1367:2011 1101:and 1095:Iran 1059:Iraq 1038:and 948:and 866:and 806:Tian 799:and 698:and 588:and 521:The 486:كافر 346:The 311:idol 270:and 4422:Neo 3987:Zen 2529:New 1273:'s 829:by 827:Tao 819:Tao 474:In 358:or 166:or 5147:: 2347:. 2316:. 2238:. 2190:. 2164:. 2138:. 1968:. 1645:. 1617:. 1599:. 1557:. 1455:. 1395:; 1369:. 1261:. 1193:. 1189:, 1185:, 1174:. 1145:, 1141:, 1137:, 1133:, 1129:, 1125:, 1121:, 1097:, 1093:, 1081:, 1073:, 1069:, 1065:, 1061:, 845:. 631:, 627:, 584:, 518:. 402:. 290:, 286:, 282:, 278:, 225:. 5123:: 3046:e 3039:t 3032:v 2826:e 2819:t 2812:v 2408:e 2401:t 2394:v 2380:. 2359:. 2328:. 2307:. 2286:. 2254:. 2224:. 2202:. 2176:. 2150:. 2124:. 2099:. 2074:. 2040:. 2026:. 1997:. 1935:. 1914:. 1893:. 1872:. 1845:. 1818:. 1791:. 1764:. 1737:. 1710:. 1683:. 1651:. 1630:. 1603:. 1569:. 1542:. 1466:. 1399:. 664:( 508:( 492:( 484:( 465:) 459:( 454:) 450:( 446:. 151:e 144:t 137:v

Index

Nontheistic religion
Agnosticism
Atheism and religion
Ietsism
Pantheism
Religious humanism
Secular spirituality
Christian agnosticism
Christian atheism
Cultural Christians
Cultural Muslims
Hindu atheism
Jewish atheism
Secular Buddhism
Spiritual naturalism
v
t
e
monotheistic
polytheistic
atheism
Jewish atheism
atheism
ethnically
culturally
Jewish
Jewish identity
religious
ethnic
religious Judaism

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