Jewish culture - Knowledge

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Hermann Struck. The exhibition helped legitimize art as an expression of Jewish culture. According to Nadine Nieszawer, "Until 1905, Jews were always plunged into their books but from the first Russian Revolution, they became emancipated, committed themselves in politics and became artists. A real Jewish cultural rebirth". Individual Jews figured in the modern artistic movements of Europe— With the exception of those living in isolated Jewish communities, most Jews listed here as contributing to secular Jewish culture also participated in the cultures of the peoples they lived with and nations they lived in. In most cases, however, the work and lives of these people did not exist in two distinct cultural spheres but rather in one that incorporated elements of both.

84: 6465: 10294: 4077: 8504: 7252: 4781: 3956:, 92% of the World's Jewish population was Ashkenazi in origin. Secularism originated in Europe as series of movements that militated for a new, heretofore unheard-of concept called "secular Judaism". For these reasons, much of what is thought of by English-speakers and, to a lesser extent, by non-English-speaking Europeans as "secular Jewish culture" is, in essence, the Jewish cultural movement that evolved in Central and Eastern Europe, and subsequently brought to North America by immigrants. During the 1940s, the Holocaust uprooted and destroyed most of the Jewish communities living in much of Europe. This, in combination with the 6169: 5067: 9340: 6947: 7151: 6161: 3968: 9376: 4797: 10328: 8272: 7414:(Bizet himself was not Jewish but he married the elder Halevy's daughter, many have suspected that he was the descendant of Jewish converts to Christianity, and others have noticed Jewish-sounding intervals in his music). The Viennese librettist Victor Leon summarized the connection of Jewish composers and writers with the form of operetta: "The audience for operetta wants to laugh beneath tears—and that is exactly what Jews have been doing for the last two thousand years since the destruction of Jerusalem". Another factor in the evolution of musical theatre was 4689: 25: 9924: 6992: 6965: 4673: 10278: 10089:'s engagement with Hebrew reflected the Beat Generation's wider exploration of esoteric spiritual practices such as Zen, palm reading, astrology, kabbalah and psychedelic drugs. Born on Staten Island, Berman moved to Los Angeles where the Hebrew letters on storefront windows and in Yiddish-language newspapers fascinated him. According to historian Richard Candida Smith, "Berman's interest in the Hebrew alphabet and its functions in Jewish mysticism was part of an effort to reclaim his ethnic identity." In 1989, the painter 4725: 10251: 8920: 7006: 10319: 7749: 7340:…the Jewish experience has always been best expressed by music, and Broadway has always been an integral part of the Jewish American experience… The difference is that one can expand the definition of "Jewish Broadway" to include an interdisciplinary roadway with a wide range of artistic activities packed onto one avenue—theatre, opera, symphony, ballet, publishing companies, choirs, synagogues and more. This vibrant landscape reflects the life, times and creative output of the Jewish American artist. 4311: 9603: 3744: 6178: 9357: 6983: 11137: 9331: 9403: 4597: 6245: 5489: 9888: 9543: 4655: 6254: 9349: 4664: 17512: 16175: 6323: 9778: 10260: 4917:). Over the centuries, Jews have been poorly represented among land-holding classes, but far better represented in academia, professions, finance, commerce and many scientific fields. The strong representation of Jews in science and academia is evidenced by the fact that 193 persons known to be Jews or of Jewish ancestry have been awarded the Nobel Prize, accounting for 22% of all individual recipients worldwide between 1901 and 2014. Of whom, 26% in 2467: 4570: 6263: 5431: 11317: 16247: 9708: 10242: 9367: 10773: 7470: 16189: 11303: 9385: 6999: 4183: 9322: 6956: 17536: 5599: 4815:, European laws prevented Jews from owning land and gave them important incentives to go into professions that non-Jewish Europeans were unwilling to undertake. During the medieval period, there was a very strong social stigma against lending money and charging interest among the Christian majority. In most of Europe until the late 18th century, and in some places to an even later date, Jews were prohibited by 5224: 17524: 3777:, attitudes to gender, marriage, family, social customs and lifestyles, music and dance. Some elements of Jewish culture come from within Judaism, others from the interaction of Jews with host populations, and others still from the inner social and cultural dynamics of the community. Before the 18th century, religion dominated virtually all aspects of Jewish life, and infused culture. Since the advent of 4561: 6236: 10287: 6974: 6187: 4588: 4579: 4031:

to study topics pertaining to Jewish culture and its relation to other cultures, in havurot, cultural associations, and secular synagogues, and they participate in public and political action coordinated by secular Jewish movements, such as the former movement to free Soviet Jews, and movements to combat pogroms, discrimination, and religious coercion. Jewish secular

6361:, or it may be in the language of the surrounding cultures, such as English or German. Secular literature and theater in Yiddish largely began in the 19th century and was in decline by the middle of the 20th century. The revival of Hebrew beyond its use in the liturgy is largely an early 20th-century phenomenon, and is closely associated with 7571:, the acceptance of the outsider in society, the racial situation in the United States, the overcoming of obstacles through perseverance, and other topics pertinent to Jewish Americans and Western Jews in general, often using subtle and disguised stories to get this point across. For example, Kern, Rodgers, Hammerstein, the Gershwins, 10269: 7033: 4863:

in Aragon, etc. It was often for this reason that kings supported the Jews, and even objected to them becoming Christians (because in that case their fortunes earned by usury could not be seized by the crown after their deaths). Thus, both in England and in France the kings demanded to be compensated

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traditions and Jewish sources preserved over time. "Nevertheless the Jews practiced a corporeal expressive language that was highly differentiated from that of the non-Jewish peoples of their neighborhood, mainly through motions of the hands and arms, with more intricate legwork by the younger men."

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in 1563, which deals with a series of substances, many of them unknown or the subject of confusion and misinformation in Europe at this period. He was the first European to describe Asiatic tropical diseases, notably cholera; he performed an autopsy on a cholera victim, the first recorded autopsy in

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Today very many secular Jews take part in Jewish cultural activities, such as celebrating Jewish holidays as historical and nature festivals, imbued with new content and form, or marking life-cycle events such as birth, bar/bat mitzvah, marriage, and mourning in a secular fashion. They come together

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asked "What good actor of today is not Jewish?", acting, directing and writing positions were often filled by Jews. Both MacDonald and Jewish Tribal Review would generally be counted as antisemitic sources, but reasonably careful in their factual claims. "In Imperial Berlin, Jewish artists could be

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By 1910 Jews (the vast majority of them immigrants from Eastern Europe) already composed a quarter of the population of New York City, and almost immediately Jewish artists and intellectuals began to show their influence on the cultural life of that city, and through time, the country as a whole.

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A range of moral and political views is evident early in the history of Judaism, that serves to partially explain the diversity that is apparent among secular Jews who are often influenced by moral beliefs that can be found in Jewish scripture, and traditions. In recent centuries, secular Jews in

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experienced another crisis: it rarely held performances and did not have any premieres. Only in 2000, when it became a municipal theater, was it able to resume its activity. From 2000 to 2002, the theatre was headed by actor and musician Raziil Semenovich Ilyaguev (1945-2016), "Honored Worker of

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in the 20th century. There were many Jewish artists in the 19th century, but Jewish artistic activity boomed during the end of World War I. The Jewish artistic Renaissance has its roots in the 1901 Fifth Zionist Congress, which included an art exhibition featuring Jewish artists E.M. Lilien and

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says that "There would be no American musical without Jews… Their influence is corollary to the influence of black musicians on jazz; there were as many Jews involved in the form". Other writers, such as Jerome Caryn, have noted that musical theatre and other forms of American entertainment are

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The dichotomy between religion and culture doesn't really exist. Every religious attribute is filled with culture; every cultural act filled with religiosity. Synagogues themselves are great centers of Jewish culture. After all, what is life really about? Food, relationships, enrichment … So is

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was in Moscow in 1918) and was "closely linked with the Jewish national renaissance movement of the twentieth century. The historical awareness and the sense of primacy which accompanied the Hebrew theatre in its early years dictated the course of its artistic and aesthetic development". These

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and the founder and academic director of Meitar College for Judaism as Culture in Jerusalem, writes:" Secular Jewish culture embraces literary works that have stood the test of time as sources of aesthetic pleasure and ideas shared by Jews and non-Jews, works that live on beyond the immediate

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It would be ... pointless to look for consciously Jewish elements in the songs of Irving Berlin or the Hollywood movies of the era of the great studios, all of which were run by immigrant Jews: their object, in which they succeeded, was precisely to make songs or films which found a specific

6319:, Austria at the end of the 19th century, or of New York City 50 years later (and Los Angeles in the mid-late 20th century). Many of these creative Jews were not particularly religious people. In general, Jewish artistic culture in various periods reflected the culture in which they lived. 9842:

developed a distinctive style of finely wrought silver that is admired for its artistry. Johnson again summarizes this sudden change from a limited participation by Jews in visual art (as in many other arts) to a large movement by them into this branch of European cultural life:

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began to develop, loans became necessary for commerce and industry. Jews were able to gain a foothold in the new field of finance by providing these services: as non-Catholics, they were not bound by the ecclesiastical prohibition against "usury"; and in terms of Judaism itself,

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published his "First Diasporist Manifesto", a short book in which he analysed how his art was based on his alienation as a Jew born in Cleveland, Ohio and living in London. In 2007, a second illustrated stream of consciousness book followed, "The Second Diasporist Manifesto."

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Jews have also played a very important role in media other than painting; their involvement in sculpture came rather later, perhaps due to lingering feelings against "graven images". But there were many notable Jewish sculptors in the later 19th and 20th centuries, including

4398:(the Jewish Enlightenment) is indebted. He has been referred to as the father of Reform Judaism, though Reform spokesmen have been "resistant to claim him as their spiritual father". Mendelssohn came to be regarded as a leading cultural figure of his time by both 4158:

with Jewish philosophy. His work attempts to combine Plato and Moses into one philosophical system. He developed an allegoric approach of interpreting holy scriptures (the bible), in contrast to (old-fashioned) literally interpretation approaches. His allegorical

7960:. It was based on drama circles, which were led by Manashir and Khanum Shalumov. Initially, in the circle, men played the female roles. Later, women began to take part in the theatre. In 1939, the Judeo-Tat theatre was the winner of the festival of theatres in 7243:"was mostly a Jewish art form". The involvement of Jews in Central European theatre was halted during the rise of the Nazis and the purging of Jews from cultural posts, though many emigrated to Western Europe or the United States and continued working there. 3982:

Defining secular culture among those who practice traditional Judaism is difficult, because the entire culture is, by definition, entwined with religious traditions: the idea of separate ethnic and religious identity is foreign to the Hebrew tradition of an

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While orchestral and operatic music works by Jewish composers would in general be considered secular, many Jewish (as well as non-Jewish) composers have incorporated Jewish themes and motives into their music. Sometimes this is done covertly, such as the

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Likewise, while the modern musical can best be described as a fusion of operetta, earlier American entertainment and African-American culture and music, as well as Jewish culture and music, the actual authors of the first "book musicals" were the Jewish

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Andrews, D.J., A.H. Kassam. 1976. The importance of multiple cropping in increasing world food supplies. pp. 1–10 in R.I. Papendick, A. Sanchez, G.B. Triplett (Eds.), Multiple Cropping. ASA Special Publication 27. American Society of Agronomy, Madison,

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The strong Jewish tradition of religious scholarship often left Jews well prepared for secular scholarship. In some times and places, this was countered by banning Jews from studying at universities, or admitting them only in limited numbers (see

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In fact, however, the next generation of American Jews spoke mainly English to the exclusion of Yiddish; they brought the artistic energy of Yiddish theater into the American theatrical mainstream, but usually in a less specifically Jewish form.

3918:, from the Biblical Hebrew – but, adapting this idea to Enlightenment values, they assimilated the concept as that of an ethnic group whose identity did not depend on religion, which under Enlightenment thinking fell under a separate category. 7294:. Jewish immigrants were instrumental in the creation and development of the genre of musical theatre and earlier forms of theatrical entertainment in America, and would innovate the new, distinctly American, art form, the Broadway musical. 4102:

The ancient Jewish philosophy is expressed in the bible. According to Prof. Israel Efros the principles of the Jewish philosophy start in the bible, where the foundations of the Jewish monotheistic beliefs can be found, such as the belief in

8255:(2017) can be given as an example of a movie with Jewish sensibility. Jewish film festivals are nowadays conducted in many major cities around the world as vehicles of introducing such films to wider audiences, including among others the 12901: 4756:

embody complicated relationships between politics, Judaism and feminism. While Diaspora Jews have also been represented on the conservative side of the political spectrum, even politically conservative Jews have tended to support

8971:(in that order), the Jewish contribution to the European music scene steadily increased, but in the form of mainstream European music, not specifically Jewish music. Notable examples of Jewish Romantic composers (by country) are 7302:

has commented that "More so than behind the screen, the talent behind the stage was for over half a century virtually the monopoly of one ethnic group. That is... feature which locates Broadway at the center of Jewish culture".

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In the early 20th century the traditions of New York's vibrant Yiddish Theatre District both rivaled and fed into Broadway. In the English-speaking theatre Jewish émigrés brought novel theatrical ideas from Europe, such as the

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However, in almost every instance where large amounts were acquired by Jews through banking transactions the property thus acquired fell either during their life or upon their death into the hands of the king. This happened to

7112:." This article also mentions other aspects of a New York Jewish cultural life "in full flower" at that time, among them the fact that the extensive New York Yiddish-language press of the time included seven daily newspapers. 5101:

known chiefly as the inventor of an astronomical ring-dial by means of which solar and stellar altitudes can be measured and the time determined with great precision by night as well as by day. Other related personalities are

9621:, but generally refers to the more recent stream of verbal, frequently self-deprecating and often anecdotal humor originating in Europe. Jewish humor took root in the United States over the last hundred years, beginning with 7103:

article remarks, "…Yiddish theater… is now a stable American institution and no longer dependent on immigration from Eastern Europe. People who can neither speak nor write Yiddish attend Yiddish stage performances and pay

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In some places where there have been relatively high concentrations of Jews, distinct secular Jewish subcultures have arisen. For example, ethnic Jews formed an enormous proportion of the literary and artistic life of

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in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were generally non-religious, and one of the historical leaders of the Bund was the child of converts to Christianity, though not a practicing or believing Christian himself.

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In 2004, Lev Yakovlevich Manakhimov (1950-2021), "Honored Artist of the Republic of Dagestan," became the artistic director of the theatre. After the death of Manakhimov, Boris Yudaev became the head of the theatre.

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Jews also made similar, if not as massive, contributions to theatre and drama in Austria, Britain, France, and Russia (in the national languages of those countries). Jews in Vienna, Paris and German cities found

7783:, where Jews were relatively free from persecution and had both flourishing religious and secular Jewish cultures. All of these early Hebrew plays were about Biblical or mystical subjects, often in the form of 11448:("One hundred years of Yiddish/Jewish theater in Romania"), 2nd Romanian-language edition, revised and augmented by Constantin Măciucă. Editura Integral (an imprint of Editurile Universala), Bucharest (1998). 12472:

Einstein, Albert (May 1, 1935), "Professor Einstein Writes in Appreciation of a Fellow-Mathematician", New York Times (May 5, 1935), retrieved April 13, 2008. Online at the MacTutor History of Mathematics

3996: 9915:. The delay in participation in the visual arts parallels the lack of Jewish participation in European classical music until the nineteenth century, and which was progressively overcome with the rise of 4045: 11287:, the first of the two aforementioned stereotypes more frequently have the negatively interpreted equivalents of guile and greed. In South Korean primary schools, students are required to read the 7971:, most of the actors were drafted into the army. Many theatre actors died in the war. In 1943, the theatre resumed its work, and in 1948 it was closed. The official reason was its unprofitability. 4945: 4980:, and the astronomy of classical antiquity more generally. The Bible also contains various cleansing rituals. One suggested ritual, for example, deals with the proper procedure for cleansing a 4022: 4992:), involving extensive cleansing and personal hygiene, but also includes sacrificing a bird and lambs with the addition of using their blood to symbolize that the afflicted has been cleansed. 4976:

provides sporadic glimpses that may be stitched together to form a Biblical impression of the physical universe. There have been comparisons between the Bible, with passages such as from the

4773:. This lack of a universalizing religion is combined with the fact that most Jews live as minorities in diaspora countries, and that no central Jewish religious authority has existed since 13369: 3866:

While there has been communication and traffic between these Jewish communities, many Sephardic exiles blended into the Ashkenazi communities which existed in Central Europe following the

9838:. Some of these were illustrated by Jewish artists and some by Christians; equally some Jewish artists and craftsmen in various media worked on Christian commissions. Outside of Europe, 8204:. However, few of these brought a specifically Jewish sensibility either to the art of film or, with the sometime exception of Spielberg, to their choice of subject matter. The historian 5136:

was a German-born theoretical physicist and is considered one of the most prominent scientists in history, often regarded as the "father of modern physics". His revolutionary work on the

13729: 8955:(the work of the former is considered the beginning of "Jewish art music"). After Jews were admitted to mainstream society in England (gradually after their return in the 17th century), 9847:

Again, the arrival of the Jewish artist was a strange phenomenon. It is true that, over the centuries, there had been many animals (though few humans) depicted in Jewish art: lions on

9055:. During the 20th century the number of Jewish composers and notable instrumentalists increased, as did their geographical distribution. Sample Jewish 20th-century composers include 7740:

is a contemporary organization that includes both American and international theaters that focus on theater with Jewish content. It has also expanded to include Jewish playwrights.

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in Eastern Europe provoked a surge of migration, in large part to the United States, where some 2 million Jewish immigrants resettled between 1880 and 1920. By 1931, shortly before

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education inculcates universal moral values through classic Jewish and world literature and through organizations for social change that aspire to ideals of justice and charity.

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In general, however, in most religiously traditional communities, members of the opposite sex dancing together or dancing at times other than at these events was frowned upon.

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In the late twentieth century, prominent composers like Morton Feldman, Gyorgy Ligeti or Alfred Schnittke gave significant contributions to the history of contemporary music.

7870:, the meaning of Jewishness, and contemporary secular-religious tensions within Jewish Israel. The most well-known Hebrew theatre company and Israel's national theatre is the 7544:

was instituted in 1947, approximately 70% of nominated scores and 60% of winning scores were by Jewish composers. Of successful British and French musical writers both in the

12775: 9625:, and continuing through radio, stand-up, film, and television. A significant number of American comedians have been or are Jewish. Notable Jewish-American comedians include 6396:(winner of the 1978 Nobel Prize), form their own canon, focusing on the Jewish experience in both Eastern Europe, and in America. In the United States, Jewish writers like 13589: 10702:. The company is known for specializing in horror fiction, crime fiction, satire, military fiction and science fiction from the 1940s through the mid-1950s, notably the 7504:. From that time until the 1980s a vast majority of successful musical theatre composers, lyricists, and book-writers were Jewish (a notable exception is the Protestant 1105: 17133: 8074: 3924:

writes of the existence of "a differentiated but not isolated Jewish spirit" permeating the culture of Yiddish-speaking Jews. This was only intensified as the rise of

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from Israel. There are some genres and forms of classical music that Jewish composers have been associated with, including notably during the Romantic period French

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Jewish philosophy includes all philosophy carried out by Jews, or in relation to the religion of Judaism. The Jewish philosophy is extended over several main eras in

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Beside Scientific discoveries and researches, Jews have created significant and influential innovations in a large variety of fields such as the listed samples:

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In the era when Yiddish theatre was still a major force in the world of theatre, over 100 films were made in Yiddish. Many are now lost. Prominent films included

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by the popes. Christian rulers gradually saw the advantage of having a class of men like the Jews who could supply capital for their use without being liable to

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In the 1960s, the theatre resumed its activities and experienced its second heyday. The actress, Akhso Ilyaguevna Shalumova (1909-1985), "Honored Artist of the

12989: 12052: 6404:, and many others are considered among the greatest American authors, and incorporate a distinctly secular Jewish view into many of their works. The poetry of 1683: 8092: 7905:. Judeo-Tat theatre. Derbent, USSR. 1984. First row - from left to right: Katya, Bikel Matatova. Second row - from left to right: musician Israel Izrailov, 4291:

who is considered in the Jewish world to be a prominent philosopher and polymath in the Islamic and Western worlds. Outside of Spain, other philosophers are

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that contains invitations to admire the wisdom of God through his works; from this, some scholars suggest, Judaism harbors a Philosophical under-current and

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and contributed to the national literature of many of the countries in which they live. Though not strictly secular, the Yiddish works of authors like

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by the church for every Jew converted. This type of royal trickery was one factor in creating the stereotypical Jewish role of banker and/or merchant.

2433: 13132: 13089: 7076:. Within a decade, Goldfaden and others brought Yiddish theater to Ukraine, Russia, Poland, Germany, New York City, and other cities with significant 6381:

at most times, while assimilated Jews in 19th and early 20th-century Germany spoke German, and American-born Jews in the United States speak English.

4127:; its author seeks to understand the place of human beings in the world and life's meaning. Other writings related to philosophy can be found in the 197: 13397: 7182:, and eventually film. Jewish audiences patronized innovative theater, regardless of whether they approved of what they saw." The British historian 7084:, performing original plays, musicals, and Yiddish translations of theatrical works and opera. Perhaps the most famous of Yiddish-language plays is 3769:, pertaining to deed, practice, and identity. Jewish culture covers many aspects, including religion and worldviews, literature, media, and cinema, 15679: 14240: 9508:

Deriving from Biblical traditions, Jewish dance has long been used by Jews as a medium for the expression of joy and other communal emotions. Each

7317: 5457:, establishing its central role in the analytic process. Freud's redefinition of sexuality to include its infantile forms led him to formulate the 1220: 10750:

was an American cartoonist and was known as one of the earliest cartoonists to work in the American comic book industry. He is the creator of the

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are only some of the prominent Jewish playwrights in American theatrical history. Approximately 34% of the plays and musicals that have won the

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Jewish communities in Eastern Europe continued to display distinct cultural traits over the centuries. Despite the universalist leanings of the

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uniquely indebted to the contributions of Jewish Americans, since "there might not have been a modern Broadway without the "Asiatic horde" of

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Yiddish theater in New York in the early 20th century rivalled English-language theater in quantity and often surpassed it in quality. A 1925

18752: 14752: 13151: 8341:, Jewish stand-up comedians have been icons of American television. Other Jews that held a prominent role in early radio and television were 8002: 7975: 7127:, also played a prominent role in the arts scene of the Soviet Union until Stalin's 1948 reversal in government policy toward the Jews. (See 5018:

During Medieval era astronomy was a primary field among Jewish scholars and was widely studied and practiced. Prominent astronomers included

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countries, but Jews are viewed in an especially positive light in some of them, partly owing to their shared wartime experiences during the

6548:. It boasts masterpieces that have had a considerable influence on all of western culture, Jewish culture included – works such as those of 5055:

Ha-Nasi authored the first European book to include the full solution to the quadratic equation x2 – ax + b = 0, and influenced the work of

18097: 17547: 13701: 6659: 4679: 16029: 13969: 11614: 10940: 3604: 707: 670: 12943: 12284: 11482:, undated (2002 or later) on MyJewishLearning.com, reprinted from the National Foundation for Jewish Culture. Accessed 11 February 2006. 14547: 13539: 12813: 10054:'s father was Jewish or Lutheran. Among major artists Chagall may be the most specifically Jewish in his themes. But as art fades into 6365:. Apart from the use of Hebrew in Israel, whether a Jewish community will speak a Jewish or non-Jewish language as its main vehicle of 5986: 5571:. Described by many prominent scientists as the most important woman in the history of mathematics, she revolutionized the theories of 4885: 3549: 14256: 14177: 11260:. Within the Jewish community, philo-Semitism includes an interest in Jewish culture and a love of things that are considered Jewish. 8313:, largely religious, broadcasts only three hours a week), Jews have been involved in American television from its earliest days. From 5093: 18667: 7313: 6309: 1646: 14494: 8883:

Jewish musical contributions also tend to reflect the cultures of the countries in which Jews live, the most notable examples being

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of American comic books, the Jewish role was overwhelming and a large number of the medium's foremost creators have been Jewish.

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wrote musicals and operas aiming to normalize societal toleration of minorities and urging racial harmony; these works included

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movement under way in Central and Western Europe to create an opportunity for Jews to enter secular society. At the same time,

2426: 1596: 1531: 1413: 14336: 13593: 9883:. But the resistance of pious Jews to portraying the living human image was still strong at the beginning of the 20th century. 5063:

the following equation for any circle: S = LxR/2, where S is the surface area, L is the circumference length and R is radius.

18607: 15170: 14386: 13816: 12744: 12520: 4926: 4382:. Mendelssohn has been described as the "'third Moses,' with whom begins a new era in Judaism," just as new eras began with 4228: 717: 13496: 11933: 8141: 5445:, is one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century. In creating psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating 5034:, charting the positions of the Sun, Moon and five planets. His work served Portugal's exploration journeys and was used by 17123: 12921:

The Klezmer Company Breaks New Ground with Orchestral Klezmer Production "Jewish Broadway with Orchestra and Chorus" at FAU

12015:"Plant Growth, Flowering Phenologies, and Yields of Corn, Beans and Squash Grown in Pure Stands and Mixtures in Costa Rica" 7290:, whose teachings would influence many Jewish American acting teachers such as the Yiddish theatre-trained acting theorist 6011: 1155: 15079: 13339: 11472: 15190: 15185: 14609: 13572: 11958: 10504: 10308: 10293: 7272: 4758: 3844: 3808: 3761:, from its formation in ancient times until the current age. Judaism itself is not simply a faith-based religion, but an 1423: 1240: 1230: 470: 12254: 12220: 12186: 12126: 4876:

had long ago re-interpreted the Torah's ban on charging interest, allowing interest when it is needed to make a living.

16002: 14879: 12109: 11272: 9411: 8373:. In the analysis of Paul Johnson, "The Broadway musical, radio and TV were all examples of a fundamental principle in 8260: 7896: 7541: 7230:, experimental and sexually daring. But it was certainly not revolutionary, and it was cosmopolitan rather than Jewish. 7165:

to World War II, Jews were very active and sometimes even dominant in certain forms of European theatre, and after the

1819: 1769: 1734: 1428: 1293: 1160: 14064: 11492: 7508:, who acknowledged that the reason he was so successful on Broadway was that he wrote what he called "Jewish music"). 18772: 16227: 15030: 14884: 14446: 14426: 14121: 13857: 13767: 13255: 12434: 11453: 10988: 10791: 9583: 9175:. During the 20th century, however, many Jewish composers wrote music with direct Jewish references and themes, e.g. 8298:, respectively. These Jewish innovators were also among the first producers of televisions, both black-and-white and 7609:. Towards the end of Golden Age, writers also began to openly and overtly tackle Jewish subjects and issues, such as 5552: 5008: 4819:

governments (and others) from owning land. On the other hand, the Church, because of a number of Bible verses (e.g.,

3871: 2667: 2419: 1511: 1473: 1448: 1368: 1353: 1200: 1140: 1095: 68: 46: 14152: 12986: 12060: 7537: 6341:. It comprises cultural values, basic human values, mythology and religious beliefs of both Judaism and Christianity 39: 18602: 17963: 14939: 14847: 10980: 8956: 8396: 7694: 7388:; the latter four eventually moved to the United States and produced their works on the New York stage. One of the 7223: 6665: 6581: 5879: 5465:

as wish-fulfillments provided him with models for the clinical analysis of symptom formation and the mechanisms of

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in India; to some degree, many of these Jewish populations were cut off from the cultures which surrounded them by

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until the 19th century, with a very few exceptions, normally enabled by specific aristocratic protection, such as

5477:, an energy with which mental processes and structures are invested and which generates erotic attachments, and a 5449:

through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst, Freud developed therapeutic techniques such as the use of

4985: 3874:, giving rise to the characteristic Syrian-Jewish family name "Ashkenazi"; Iraqi-Jewish traders formed a distinct 18702: 18637: 17682: 17335: 16104: 15298: 14466: 13649:

Candida Smith, Richard. (2023). "Utopia and Dissent," Ch 9 Wallace Berman on Public Culture in the Kennedy Years.

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while Christians emphasize choral singing." Many of these writers used the musical to explore issues relating to

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Jewish role was significant as well and many of most influential figures and pioneers of the theory were Jewish:

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was a pioneering figure in the creation of the modern comic book when in 1935 he published the first one called

5003:(Lev. 19:19, Deut 22:9), a practice often associated with sustainable agriculture and organic farming in modern 17893: 16774: 14980: 14540: 14506: 13480: 12657: 9814: 7791: 7737: 7268: 7139: 7080:

populations. Between 1890 and 1940, over a dozen Yiddish theatre groups existed in New York City alone, in the

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In North America, the secular and cultural Jewish movements are divided into three umbrella organizations: the

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increasing readership to more than two million during its 1970s circulation peak. Other known cartoonists are

7418:, and during the early 20th century the form was explored and expanded by Jewish comedians and actors such as 6345:

Literary and theatrical expressions of secular Jewish culture may be in specifically Jewish languages such as

4856: 83: 18046: 16081: 15402: 13048: 12920: 12508: 11367: 10704: 10031: 9446:. Popular music as of today for the Jewish World at large mainly stems from Israeli Music, more specifically 8924: 8038: 6859: 6464: 6047: 5450: 4893: 4150:

aspired to combine Jewish religious tradition with elements of Greek culture and philosophy. The philosopher

3961: 3637: 3544: 3496: 3322: 3312: 2216: 1754: 1739: 1702: 1664: 1636: 1626: 1621: 1606: 1601: 1581: 1566: 1551: 1526: 1492: 1463: 1363: 1348: 1272: 1262: 1180: 1150: 1075: 1061: 13628: 13460: 11537:"Medieval Philosophy and the Classical Tradition: In Islam, Judaism and Christianity" by John Inglis, Page 3 3875: 18657: 18642: 18537: 17340: 16579: 16325: 16144: 16012: 16007: 15195: 15180: 14944: 14899: 14644: 14481: 13127: 13086: 11276: 10716: 10019: 8787: 8669: 8284: 8010: 7764: 7365: 6492:

socio-cultural context within which they were created. They include the writings of such Jewish authors as

4988:). It is a fairly elaborate process, which is to be performed after a leper was already healed of leprosy ( 4827:, declared that charging any interest was against the divine law, and this prevented any mercantile use of 4009:— it's essentially great theater. Jewish education and religiosity bereft of culture is not as interesting. 3856: 3723: 3582: 1824: 1744: 1707: 1631: 1576: 1443: 1418: 1343: 1318: 1308: 1247: 1170: 1165: 1145: 1135: 1115: 1100: 993: 697: 461: 456: 12622: 11199:

all come from various other cultures. The amalgam of these foods, plus uniquely Jewish contributions like

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community developed its own dance traditions for wedding celebrations and other distinguished events. For

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in the United States and Europe. Some music, however, is unique to particular Jewish communities, such as

7934:, "The Burn for Burn," and staged it in honor of schoolteacher Nagdimuna ben Simona's (Shimunov) wedding. 18063: 17574: 17422: 16109: 16094: 14975: 14835: 14419:

Jewish Film Directory: a guide to more than 1200 films of Jewish interest from 32 countries over 85 years

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SUPERMAN IS JEWISH?: How Comic Book Superheroes Came to Serve Truth, Justice, and the Jewish-American Way

13236:

Book (ru:«Самородки Дагестана») – "Gifted of Dagestan". Author: I. Mikhailova. Makhachkala, Russia. 2014.

10150: 8410: 8256: 8250: 7709:. Jewish playwrights have also contributed to non-musical drama and theatre, both Broadway and regional. 7529: 7132: 7120: 5340: 5189: 4832: 4300: 4080: 4076: 4071: 3642: 3370: 2586: 1814: 1809: 1764: 1717: 1403: 1373: 1333: 1328: 1185: 491: 11990:"The Bible and Astronomy; An Exposition of the Biblical Cosmology, and Its Relations to Natural Science" 7806:, giving the characters Jewish names and transplanting the plot and setting to within a Jewish context. 7559:

One explanation of the affinity of Jewish composers and playwrights to the musical is that "traditional

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Culture of the Republic of Dagestan." For the next two years the theatre was headed by Alesya Isakova.

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have also been excavated in synagogues from Late Antiquity in Israel and Palestine, especially of the

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The area where Jewish influence was strongest was the theatre, especially in Berlin. Playwrights like

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is generally dependent on how isolated or assimilated that community is. For example, the Jews in the

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community developed its own dance traditions for wedding celebrations and other distinguished events.

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as being intelligent, business savvy and committed to family values and responsibilities, but in the

10780: 10404: 10380: 10376: 9415: 9214: 8503: 7867: 7647: 7109: 6765: 5771: 4835:

did not apply to Jews, they were not liable to the ecclesiastical punishments which were placed upon

3774: 3678: 3632: 2753: 2606: 2596: 2402: 2095: 1946: 1887: 778: 13614: 13434: 13105: 12160: 11628: 10229: 9339: 6946: 5066: 3914:-speaking Jews in Eastern Europe continued to see themselves as forming a distinct national group — 18682: 18410: 18172: 18132: 18122: 18070: 17528: 17437: 17427: 17330: 17128: 16829: 16099: 15930: 15229: 15104: 11789: 11767: 11176: 11147: 11004: 10797: 9809:, show evidence of a reaction against images of living creatures around 600 CE. The decoration of 8944: 8884: 8569: 8061: 7730: 7283: 7081: 6601: 5767: 5667: 5544: 5466: 4922: 4780: 4719: 2976: 2552: 2105: 2085: 1195: 675: 216: 33: 14218: 13148: 12940: 5253:, often considered the "father of the atomic bomb", was chosen to direct the Manhattan Project at 5007:. The Mosaic code has provisions concerning the conservation of natural resources, such as trees ( 18798: 18460: 18368: 17667: 17662: 17248: 16508: 16478: 16412: 16397: 16052: 16041: 15635: 15556: 15261: 15160: 15099: 14985: 14958: 13053: 12966: 12599: 12512: 10655: 10431:. Donenfeld and Liebowitz were also the owners of National Allied Publications which distributed 9872: 9830:

literature also contain textual and graphic art, most famously illuminated haggadahs such as the

9820: 9168: 9060: 8607: 7599: 7509: 7381: 7349: 7336:, or Washington, D.C." Likewise, in the analysis of Aaron Kula, director of The Klezmer Company, 7287: 6442: 6330: 5996: 5915: 5751: 5408: 5392: 5297: 4606: 4451: 3860: 3716: 3703: 3501: 2851: 2559: 2547: 2246: 2236: 2201: 2080: 2070: 1853: 1024: 966: 800: 479: 436: 151: 13698: 12405: 9375: 8418:. Jews have also played an enormous role among the creators and writers of television comedies: 8152:

The roster of Jewish entrepreneurs in the English-language American film industry is legendary:

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was named in his honor, and is given to recognize achievements each year in the comics medium.

10737: 10683: 10023: 9971: 9892: 9805:, which was apparently acceptable in a low-status position on the floor. Some, such as that at 9763: 9722:

Despite fears by early religious communities of art being used for idolatrous purposes, Jewish

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dance performed by members of the Rina Nikova ballet in the citadel of Jerusalem - 1 May 1946.

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More recently, American Jews have been instrumental to "novelistic" television series such as

8180:

to name just a few, and continuing into recent times with such industry giants as super-agent

6168: 4467: 18742: 18717: 18647: 18330: 18058: 17831: 17789: 17759: 17452: 17370: 17243: 17067: 16945: 16890: 16880: 16870: 16744: 16600: 16552: 16442: 16407: 16284: 16264: 16220: 16114: 16035: 15817: 15524: 15407: 15148: 15138: 15131: 15116: 15002: 12409: 12099: 11729: 11399: 11335: 10891: 10839: 10595: 10375:, as expressed in the art of comics, has been a key field for Jewish artists as well. In the 9863:; there were carved animals, too, on timber synagogues in eastern Europe – indeed the Jewish 9823: 9702: 9172: 8996: 8848: 8840: 8583: 8245: 7997:

In the 1970s, the People's Judeo-Tat theatre was organized. For many years, its director was

7819: 7568: 7183: 7128: 6800: 6501: 6393: 5731: 5631: 5540: 5247: 4443: 4431: 4403: 4284: 3770: 3021: 2654: 2644: 2637: 2256: 2251: 2196: 1984: 899: 627: 614: 509: 226: 14353: 14294: 13629:"Semina Culture: Wallace Berman and his Circle at the Grey Art Gallery, New York University" 13547: 13370:"The Anti-Gospel of Lenny, Larry and Sarah: Jewish Humor and the Desecration of Christendom" 12495:

Ne'eman, Yuval (1999), "The Impact of Emmy Noether's Theorems on XXIst Century Physics", in

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have written Hebrew-language plays. Themes that are obviously common in these works are the

6160: 4777:. Jews value education, and the value of education is strongly embedded in Jewish culture. 3327: 3295: 18737: 18492: 18405: 18383: 18306: 18302: 18231: 18147: 18092: 18087: 17910: 17754: 17643: 17447: 17417: 17325: 17315: 17253: 17233: 17162: 16955: 16940: 16900: 16794: 16427: 16422: 16149: 16139: 15642: 14614: 13590:"artnet Galleries: A House in Safed by Yitzhak Frenkel-Frenel from Jordan-Delhaise Gallery" 13513: 12367: 11110: 11084: 10976: 10693:, of whom were and are influenced by events in Jewish history and elements of Jewish life. 10659: 10650: 10500: 10327: 10043: 9516:

in Eastern Europe, for example, dances, whose names corresponded to the different forms of

8878: 8792: 8729: 8675: 8643: 8415: 8271: 8080: 7827: 7485: 7299: 6863: 6844: 6828: 6820: 6727: 6297: 5887: 5703: 5695: 5584: 5580: 5556: 5503:, a mathematician and physicist, made major contributions to a number of fields, including 5200:. His work also effected and influenced a large variety of fields of physics including the 5197: 5157: 5121: 5039: 5004: 4956:, made a crucial contribution to the discovery of DNA's structure, when she discovered its 4715: 4339: 3903: 3832: 3766: 3408: 3337: 3332: 3263: 2931: 2921: 2327: 2279: 2019: 1877: 690: 555: 544: 502: 13688:, Lehman, Steve, The Tibetans: A Struggle to Survive (New York: How Town / Umbrage), 1998. 13211:

Musakhanova G. B. Judeo-Tat literature. Makhachkala: Dagestan Book Publishing House, 1993.

13000:(Five Leaves Publications), extracted on myjewishlearning.com. Accessed February 12, 2006. 8383:

on which to set their mark, before other interests had a chance to take possession, erect

7952:

In 1935, the first Soviet Union theatre opened in Derbent, which included three troupes –

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found in the forefront of the performing arts, from high drama to more popular forms like

7150: 5230:(nuclear test). A large number of Jewish scientists were involved in the Manhattan Project 4843:, and so the money trade of western Europe by this means fell into the hands of the Jews. 4005:

Jewish life. So many of our traditions inherently contain aspects of culture. Look at the

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Roden, Claudia (1996). "The Book of Jewish Food: An Odyssey from Samarkand to New York”.

13110: 12930:. Florida Atlantic University press release, February 8, 2005. Accessed 11 February 2006. 12653: 12631: 12504: 12401: 11775: 11280: 11118: 11090: 11070: 10960: 10761: 10728: 10722: 10413: 10344: 10099: 9979: 9904: 9802: 9743: 9565: 9020: 8932: 8653: 8496: 8161: 8055: 7914: 7902: 7878:, and re-established in 1917 in Russia; another prominent Israeli theatre company is the 7790:. During the post-Emancipation period in 19th-century Europe, many Jews translated great 7611: 7593: 7304: 7295: 7162: 6836: 6804: 6752: 6701: 6685: 6619: 6488: 6293: 5588: 5576: 5568: 5508: 5416: 5328: 5320: 5289: 5185: 5149: 4868: 4860: 4828: 4804: 4762: 4688: 4624: 4479: 4240: 4204: 4147: 4049: 4018: 3945: 3867: 3288: 3243: 3046: 2971: 2659: 2380: 2075: 753: 620: 523: 516: 446: 334: 209: 16875: 14099: 12371: 9907:

that spread throughout Europe with the Napoleonic conquests. There were exceptions, and

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was unusual for an American television series, there were a few other examples, such as

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as an agency disruptive of conscious states of mind. Freud postulated the existence of

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Petrou, David Michael (1978). The Making of Superman the Movie, New York: Warner Books

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Jewish cooking combines the food of many cultures in which Jews have lived, including

10896: 5995:- automobile pioneer, inventor of the first petroleum-powered car (56 years after the 5626:, his contributions were central to the discovery of the high surface temperatures of 18808: 18612: 18514: 18502: 18487: 18467: 18378: 18325: 18297: 18279: 18082: 17958: 17951: 17764: 17712: 17690: 17618: 17540: 17385: 17278: 17268: 17103: 17040: 17035: 16935: 16925: 16920: 16739: 16734: 16719: 16714: 16699: 16694: 16677: 16667: 16652: 16625: 16615: 16527: 16520: 16503: 15913: 15844: 15726: 15711: 15494: 15365: 15330: 14619: 14442: 14422: 14392: 14382: 14037: 13853: 13763: 13393: 13251: 12740: 12526: 12516: 12430: 12300: 12105: 11565: 11449: 11330: 11034: 10710: 10653:. There is also a large number of Jewish characters among comics superheroes such as 10611: 10514: 10348: 10184: 9831: 9771: 9751: 9642: 9281: 9263: 9254: 9245: 9210: 9195: 9184: 9140: 9132: 9100: 9056: 9008: 9004: 8759: 8452: 8165: 8104: 8017: 7991: 7891: 7665:

The ranks of prominent Jewish producers, directors, designers and performers include

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and Jewish sacred texts. In medieval times the Jewish poetry was mainly expressed by

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during the 20th century. When first published, relativity superseded a 200-year-old

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during weddings and other occasions. The result was a lack of a Jewish presence in

8627: 8391: 8303: 8299: 8295: 8230: 8197: 8128: 8034: 7851: 7656: 7637: 7545: 7521: 7517: 7463: 7459: 7169:

many Jews continued to that cultural form. For example, in pre-Nazi Germany, where

7124: 7105: 7061: 6812: 6773: 6721: 6706: 6468: 6453: 6425: 6420:). Other famous Jewish authors that made contributions to world literature include 6350: 6205: 5992: 5963: 5851: 5847: 5755: 5719: 5711: 5691: 5619: 5564: 5500: 5470: 5404: 5396: 5336: 5309: 5258: 5126: 5103: 4930: 4907: 4873: 4852: 4848: 4705: 4463: 4439: 4387: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4236: 4220: 4188: 4155: 3988: 3673: 3587: 3534: 3283: 3100: 2941: 2810: 2718: 2616: 2601: 2542: 2502: 2479: 2345: 2226: 2186: 2150: 1848: 1398: 909: 665: 569: 484: 374: 166: 14377:(1981). "In Memory of Emmy Noether". In Brewer, James W; Smith, Martha K. (eds.). 13824: 13493: 11663: 10250: 9951: 9150: 7403: 7226:, appeared at times to dominate the stage, which tended to be modishly left-wing, 7215: 7187: 6991: 4724: 4418:

comprised both secular and religious philosophy and included philosophers such as

18747: 18687: 18572: 18420: 18415: 18393: 18313: 18267: 18024: 17978: 17876: 17853: 17836: 17809: 17594: 17492: 17487: 17412: 17273: 17228: 17218: 17145: 17140: 17077: 17050: 17025: 16995: 16990: 16970: 16965: 16749: 16724: 16657: 16515: 15889: 15884: 15696: 15623: 15456: 15427: 15350: 15340: 15303: 15278: 15094: 15089: 15084: 15069: 15064: 15054: 15039: 14830: 14747: 14714: 14672: 14662: 14510: 14498: 13847: 13757: 13705: 13576: 13500: 13467: 13343: 13324: 13190: 13155: 13136: 13093: 13057:, August 4, 1957. Reproduced on leonardbernstein.com. Accessed February 12, 2006. 13017: 12993: 12973: 12947: 12927: 12884: 12779: 12734: 12594: 11989: 11479: 11345: 11192: 11168: 11065: 10996: 10929: 10810: 10752: 10679: 10646: 10622: 10492: 10409: 10400: 10352: 10277: 10220: 10202: 10142: 10119: 9983: 9975: 9963: 9943: 9927: 9923: 9916: 9746:

form the first known examples of "Jewish art". During the first centuries of the

9731: 9634: 9509: 9475: 9439: 9431: 9164:

band music that many critics and observers believe lies in the third movement of

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often touches on Jewish themes (notably the early autobiographical works such as

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propagandists had claimed since 1927 that he was a "Jewish Bolshevik", though).

11890: 11350: 11322: 11308: 11253: 11233: 11228: 11216: 11172: 11158: 11025: 10984: 10880: 10844: 10815: 10806: 10785: 10675: 10667: 10587: 10583: 10510: 10396: 10391: 10356: 10158: 10123: 10086: 10079: 10075: 10059: 10055: 10027: 10015: 10003: 9999: 9967: 9654: 9626: 9513: 9419: 9096: 9080: 9072: 9048: 9028: 9024: 8984: 8948: 8816: 8749: 8734: 8719: 8714: 8638: 8592: 8574: 8536: 8479: 8469: 8366: 8358: 8338: 8185: 8157: 8153: 8086: 7957: 7879: 7871: 7859: 7855: 7835: 7823: 7752: 7702: 7698: 7686: 7617: 7605: 7587: 7533: 7501: 7348:, a precursor the musical, often featured the work of Jewish composers such as 7219: 7207: 7195: 7099: 6934: 6880: 6808: 6737: 6654: 6644: 6585: 6549: 6545: 6533: 6421: 6416: 6405: 6120: 6000: 5975: 5967: 5955: 5907: 5859: 5839: 5671: 5663: 5611: 5563:

was an influential mathematician known for her groundbreaking contributions to

5528: 5512: 5442: 5400: 5376: 5313: 5285: 5277: 5078: 5047: 5019: 4969: 4816: 4766: 4741: 4539: 4407: 4367: 4363: 4351: 4323: 4310: 4280: 4232: 4164: 4136: 4092: 4006: 3824: 3820: 3802: 3698: 3621: 3155: 2886: 2846: 2689: 2679: 2512: 2407: 2206: 2061: 1941: 1897: 1892: 1870: 1858: 1453: 934: 868: 833: 811: 748: 586: 564: 426: 405: 381: 147: 129: 13681: 13569: 12831:"Broadway Celebrates 100 Years of National Yiddish Theatre Tonight – Playbill" 12715: 11966: 10621:. Many of those involved in the later ages of comics are also Jewish, such as 10318: 10268: 9602: 9520:

music that were played, were an obvious staple of the wedding ceremony of the

8309:

Although there is little specifically Jewish television in the United States (

8302:. Among the Jewish immigrant communities of America there was also a thriving 7032: 5300:

and was head of the Theoretical Division at the secret Los Alamos laboratory;

4944: 3743: 18792: 18732: 18617: 18532: 18477: 18337: 18257: 18152: 18002: 17995: 17888: 17841: 17734: 17590: 17497: 17482: 17467: 17442: 17432: 17360: 17320: 17188: 17060: 16824: 16804: 16769: 16689: 16630: 16610: 16595: 16569: 16483: 16432: 15962: 15807: 15734: 15541: 15475: 15448: 15397: 15345: 15318: 15293: 15283: 15044: 14990: 14924: 14904: 14894: 14889: 14862: 14808: 14737: 14682: 14018: 12685: 12530: 12130: 12084:"Zacuto, Abraham" in Glick, T., S.J. Livesy and F. Williams, editors, (2005) 11834: 11771: 11742: 11569: 11284: 11061: 11039: 11029: 11020: 10992: 10870: 10860: 10757: 10573: 10568: 10463: 10459: 10451: 10439: 10417: 10166: 10162: 10146: 10138: 10107: 10103: 10063: 10035: 9987: 9935: 9908: 9839: 9638: 9501: 9447: 9443: 9435: 9356: 9299: 9232: 9165: 9120: 9112: 9108: 9092: 9027:. There were very many notable Jewish violin and pianist virtuosi, including 8992: 8988: 8964: 8952: 8908: 8888: 8800: 8782: 8778: 8764: 8739: 8633: 8612: 8550: 8487: 8431: 8427: 8334: 8291: 8288: 8218: 8205: 8189: 8181: 8067: 7923: 7843: 7831: 7722: 7690: 7670: 7666: 7513: 7473: 7447: 7393: 7260: 7256: 7227: 7091: 6982: 6871: 6796: 6748: 6680: 6670: 6624: 6565: 6553: 6541: 6525: 6484: 6437: 6338: 6129: 6111: 6075: 6035: 5971: 5931: 5875: 5831: 5815: 5795: 5783: 5779: 5683: 5643: 5438: 5348: 5281: 5272: 5266: 5217: 5177: 5035: 5000: 4800: 4753: 4633: 4503: 4499: 4475: 4471: 4435: 4423: 4411: 4399: 4359: 4244: 4223:

which is the first systematic presentation and philosophic foundation of the

4014: 3953: 3852: 3828: 3758: 3418: 3175: 3105: 2901: 2896: 2876: 2871: 2773: 2758: 2497: 2355: 2350: 1556: 1483: 1009: 858: 853: 848: 838: 816: 768: 530: 369: 274: 236: 187: 17559: 13940:

Jacobson, Howard (March 5, 2005). "Up, up and oy vey". The Times (UK). p. 5.

11853: 11136: 10039: 9942:

During the early 20th century, Jews figured particularly prominently in the

9330: 8523:. Variously acclaimed as one of the greatest television series of all time, 3892:, and the traditional discouragement of contact between Jews and members of 18767: 18567: 18472: 18318: 18292: 18201: 17883: 17871: 17819: 17779: 17774: 17638: 17633: 17462: 17407: 17395: 17380: 17350: 17263: 17203: 16809: 16493: 16473: 16468: 16417: 15942: 15739: 15701: 15662: 15251: 14995: 14934: 14914: 14874: 14857: 14825: 14813: 14774: 14692: 14667: 14396: 13881: 13068: 12662: 12496: 11815: 11666:. Undated. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Accessed February 11, 2006. 11500: 11268: 11106: 11096: 10971: 10966: 10950: 10945: 10914: 10824: 10776: 10766: 10733: 10630: 10548: 10526: 10475: 10427: 10372: 10211: 10193: 10134: 10007: 9959: 9955: 9947: 9868: 9678: 9670: 9662: 9646: 9610: 9597: 9491: 9423: 9402: 9308: 9200: 9124: 9064: 9044: 8936: 8896: 8872: 8860: 8578: 8519: 8491: 8457: 8377:

history: Jews opening up a completely new field in business and culture, a

8370: 8342: 8330: 8326: 8318: 8235: 8201: 8173: 8122: 8116: 8098: 8006: 7968: 7942: 7906: 7847: 7839: 7748: 7706: 7655:

during Easter-Passover celebrations; the rival gangs were to be Jewish and

7642: 7572: 7560: 7493: 7427: 7385: 7291: 7239:

both a popular and effective means of expression, as German cabaret in the

7203: 6925: 6788: 6777:. This literature has been composed by both religious and secular authors. 6691: 6596: 6561: 6521: 6497: 6244: 6147: 6099: 6095: 6079: 6027: 5979: 5959: 5947: 5939: 5911: 5903: 5863: 5843: 5835: 5803: 5799: 5743: 5687: 5675: 5560: 5488: 5454: 5388: 5352: 5243: 5239: 5227: 5169: 5153: 5043: 5031: 4965: 4938: 4934: 4914: 4749: 4615: 4596: 4491: 4124: 4120: 4095:, including the ancient and biblical era, medieval era and modern era (see 3840: 3836: 3486: 3481: 3397: 2911: 2836: 2778: 2571: 2385: 2211: 2052: 2047: 2005: 1958: 1052: 919: 904: 863: 828: 441: 283: 14129: 13385: 9887: 6253: 6177: 4654: 4123:

that is often considered to be the only genuine philosophical work in the

18707: 18455: 18450: 18442: 18427: 18252: 18157: 17968: 17804: 17769: 17749: 17729: 17707: 17672: 17472: 17375: 17345: 17030: 16488: 16387: 16294: 15952: 15467: 15392: 15370: 15273: 14867: 14796: 14791: 14779: 14769: 14432: 13791: 12952: 12796: 12782:, on the site of The Jewish Museum, New York. Accessed February 12, 2006. 11411: 11372: 11212: 11124: 11015: 10833: 10823:

media as well as the cultural landscape of the 20th century, with editor

10747: 10689: 10663: 10642: 10638: 10564: 10544: 10115: 10051: 10011: 9995: 9864: 9794: 9735: 9666: 9658: 9630: 9427: 9348: 9176: 9128: 9036: 8856: 8836: 8820: 8812: 8768: 8754: 8724: 8680: 8664: 8648: 8622: 8564: 8554: 8532: 8528: 8465: 8447: 8435: 8419: 8379: 8322: 8226: 8169: 7795: 7710: 7682: 7678: 7632: 7576: 7553: 7505: 7481: 7443: 7423: 7036: 6898: 6732: 6696: 6589: 6577: 6517: 6509: 6505: 6433: 6429: 6410: 6401: 6397: 6071: 6063: 6039: 6004: 5943: 5895: 5747: 5679: 5532: 5478: 5412: 5181: 5085: 4812: 4765:. Some scholars attribute this to the fact that Jews are not expected to 4459: 4355: 4331: 4256: 4216: 4200: 4196: 4172: 3929: 3925: 3899: 3380: 3135: 2936: 2916: 2370: 2312: 1977: 883: 878: 873: 843: 11557: 7809:

Modern Hebrew theatre and drama, however, began with the development of

6262: 4663: 4175:. Other scholars, however, deny direct influence but say both Philo and 18238: 18226: 18196: 18162: 18102: 17784: 16537: 16315: 16046: 15753: 15335: 14929: 14677: 14599: 13685: 13418: 13220:

P. Agarunov. Theatrical art of Mountain Jews. // Magazine "Minyan", №5.

13010: 12976:, Center for Jewish History, April 16, 2004. Accessed February 12, 2006 12800: 12038: 12014: 11244:

is an interest in, respect for and an appreciation, or in some cases a

11114: 11044: 11010: 10924: 10919: 10741: 10626: 10530:. Stan Lee attributed the Jewish role in comics to the Jewish culture. 10484: 10471: 10386: 10360: 10340: 10090: 9810: 9790: 9777: 9747: 9739: 9690: 9650: 9622: 9471: 9467: 9222: 9068: 9040: 8976: 8832: 8824: 8804: 8791:. There is also a significant role of Jews in acting by actors such as 8699: 8694: 8617: 8483: 8443: 8439: 8423: 8362: 8350: 8314: 8222: 8217:

A more specifically Jewish sensibility can be seen in the films of the

7726: 7419: 7415: 7086: 7041: 6639: 6634: 6513: 6322: 6196: 6067: 6055: 6007: 5951: 5919: 5899: 5855: 5819: 5759: 5735: 5655: 5623: 5420: 5360: 5305: 5293: 5161: 5113: 4728: 4530: 4521: 4483: 4427: 4391: 4319: 4304: 4288: 4252: 4104: 4084: 3992: 3748: 3455: 3375: 3170: 3145: 2946: 2926: 2826: 2028: 1042: 971: 929: 758: 738: 297: 204: 124: 11908: 11068:. Several companies producing animation were founded by Jews, such as 7799: 6783:

is expressed by various of poets in different eras of Jewish history.

5246:

and many Jewish scientists had a significant role in the project. The

4569: 2466: 88: 18672: 18509: 18244: 18206: 17799: 17613: 17365: 16764: 15967: 15432: 15323: 15234: 14852: 14786: 14255:. Chicago's Restaurant & Entertainment Guide, Inc. Archived from 13358:, Le Site Genevois de la Musique Klezmer. Accessed February 12, 2006. 13346:, Le Site Genevois de la Musique Klezmer. Accessed February 12, 2006. 13179: 12379: 11264: 11245: 10698: 10534: 10479: 10444: 10259: 10111: 10071: 10067: 9852: 9455: 9451: 9084: 8828: 8808: 8744: 8602: 8461: 8401: 8346: 7875: 7780: 7714: 7674: 7581: 7469: 7439: 7435: 7170: 7166: 7077: 7073: 6569: 6457: 6366: 6354: 6091: 6059: 6031: 5927: 5923: 5811: 5723: 5536: 5430: 5173: 5165: 5145: 4820: 4745: 4327: 4108: 3812: 3762: 3090: 2831: 2743: 2191: 2176: 1266: 1214: 976: 924: 914: 595: 591: 581: 496: 256: 14803: 14503: 12030: 10241: 9855:

capitals, birds on the rim of the fountain-basis in the 5th century

9707: 944: 18662: 18358: 18179: 18007: 17922: 17861: 17824: 15686: 15628: 15573: 15568: 15239: 14525: 13992: 13579:. European Jewish Press, July 19, 2005. Accessed February 12, 2006. 11208: 11056: 10852: 10828: 10772: 10634: 10606: 10601: 10560: 10539: 10496: 10482:

created a large variety of characters and cultural icons including

10467: 10336: 9880: 9827: 9750:, Jewish religious art also was created in regions surrounding the 9366: 9205: 9153: 9145: 8513: 8474: 7961: 7953: 7913:. Third row - from left to right: Ilizir Abramov, Anatoly Yusupov, 7803: 7776: 7389: 7345: 7046: 6916: 6832: 6629: 6607: 6472: 6334: 6043: 5827: 5647: 5639: 5603: 5520: 5516: 5482: 5368: 5344: 5201: 4981: 4395: 4160: 4096: 4032: 3975: 3941: 3907: 3893: 3365: 3200: 3160: 3130: 3085: 3016: 2706: 2360: 1970: 1902: 733: 241: 192: 14311:"The Genealogy of Morals", Part I, Section 16, tr. Walter Kaufmann 13022:

Machar, The Washington Congregation for Secular Humanistic Judaism

11316: 9384: 6787:

is related to the poetry in biblical times as it expressed in the

5539:

and the development of the computer, he suggested and described a

18577: 18432: 18344: 16236: 15901: 15785: 15780: 15770: 15758: 15578: 15563: 15507: 15442: 15417: 15380: 15244: 14919: 14818: 14742: 14634: 14560: 14520: 13540:"GW Libraries at the George Washington University – GW Libraries" 11257: 11204: 11200: 11151: 10591: 10421: 10154: 9991: 9876: 9618: 9525: 9517: 9321: 9161: 9000: 8940: 8900: 8597: 8545: 7938: 7927: 7926:

took place in December 1903, when Asaf Agarunov, a teacher and a

7787: 7645:

and historical American racism. The original concept that became

7451: 7236: 7175: 7072:

in 1876. The next year, his troupe achieved enormous success in

7069: 7053: 6998: 6973: 6955: 6537: 6378: 6370: 6362: 6015: 5461:

as the central tenet of psychoanalytical theory. His analysis of

5141: 4918: 4770: 4415: 4212: 4182: 3911: 3831:

were largely spread among various communities which lived in the

3807:

There has not been a political unity of Jewish society since the

3438: 3428: 3180: 3165: 3115: 3051: 2996: 2966: 2866: 2768: 2738: 2696: 2684: 2674: 2336: 2302: 2171: 1965: 954: 949: 821: 712: 607: 603: 599: 348: 343: 320: 302: 177: 172: 162: 140: 115: 92: 10732:. Jewish artists that are associated with the publisher include 7186:, commenting on Jewish contributions to European culture at the 7065: 5598: 4107:, the separation of god and the world and nature (as opposed to 18597: 16547: 15972: 15839: 15775: 14471: 13751: 13749: 13747: 11288: 11196: 11188: 11184: 11180: 11050: 10865: 10856: 10848: 10820: 10577: 10552: 9806: 9798: 9759: 9727: 9521: 7981: 7784: 7772: 7768: 7623: 7564: 7455: 7398: 7329: 7321: 6855: 6792: 6316: 5474: 5238:

was a research and development project that produced the first

5223: 5160:

and their fundamental interactions, along with ushering in the

5051:

is named after Zacuto's name. The mathematician and astronomer

5023: 4578: 4224: 4208: 4132: 4116: 3949: 3888: 3883: 3879: 3433: 3307: 3195: 3190: 3125: 3120: 3095: 3075: 3056: 3041: 3006: 3001: 2981: 2961: 2956: 2881: 2841: 2733: 1996: 1991: 1951: 1936: 1047: 939: 359: 325: 311: 246: 12795:, pg. 479. New York: Harper Perennial. – Erwin Piscator was a 10157:; in installation art and street art some notable figures are 5630:

and known for his contributions to the scientific research of

5156:. In the field of physics, relativity improved the science of 4560: 4115:. Other biblical writings that associated with philosophy are 18562: 18552: 18547: 18019: 18014: 15923: 15918: 15872: 15827: 15748: 15743: 15007: 14762: 14732: 13699:

http://www.imj.org.il/exhibitions/2008/realtime/Meromi_e.html

11594:. Vol. 1. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson. pp. 343–347. 11179:

styles of cooking, all influenced by the need for food to be

11141: 11076: 10934: 10556: 10555:. It was also suggested the Superman is partly influenced by 10520: 10364: 10286: 9912: 9860: 9848: 9755: 9614: 9613:

is the long tradition of humor in Judaism dating back to the

8384: 8146: 7946: 7874:(meaning "the stage" in Hebrew), which was formed in 1913 in 7863: 7179: 6235: 6023: 5627: 5462: 5327:

governed by a set of equations he developed now known as the

4996: 4836: 4824: 4512: 4394:

philosopher to whose ideas the renaissance of European Jews,

4383: 4168: 4154:

used philosophical allegory to attempt to fuse and harmonize

4151: 3566: 3185: 3140: 3080: 3026: 3011: 2906: 959: 388: 292: 261: 13744: 8531:. Simon also served as executive producer, head writer, and 8306:

radio, with its "golden age" from the 1930s to the 1950s.

7882:, which is "Israel's first and leading repertory theatre". 18692: 16022: 14556: 14515: 13617:, Jewish Virtual Library, 2005. Accessed February 12, 2006. 13183: 12086:

Medieval science, technology, and medicine: an encyclopedia

11416:

Not in the Heavens: The Tradition of Jewish Secular Thought

11249: 10885: 10488: 9856: 9767: 9463: 6771:

Another aspect of Jewish literature is the ethical, called

6446:

was revealed by a 2007 poll as the "Best Dutch Book Ever".

5364: 3932:

across Europe generally. Thus, for example, members of the

3061: 3031: 2986: 2821: 111: 16205: 13697:

See: Ohad Meromi in the online exhibition "Real Time" <

13194: 12287:. May 20, 2015. Archived from the original on May 20, 2015 6186: 4740:, and played key roles in the birth of the 19th century's 4587: 4378:. A new era began in the 18th century with the thought of 13149:

Biblical Thematics in Stage Design for the Hebrew Theatre

12860: 12693: 12536: 12476: 11766:

The section on banking is drawn largely from the article

11703: 9793:

from the later Roman period have Jewish motifs. Several

8280: 7402:(not an operetta proper but rather a work of the earlier 6103: 5871: 5791: 4964:

The early Jewish activity in science can be found in the

4731:, Georgia's first Jewish senator for the Democratic Party 4322:

was expressed by philosophers, mainly in Europe, such as

3150: 14323:, Volume 4 by Erwin Fahlbusch, Geoffrey William Bromiley 14170: 12891:, October 2004 Vol. 86 No.2. Accessed February 11, 2006. 12814:

Jewish cabaret singer brings songs of Berlin to Berkeley

12124: 18677: 14476: 14438:

An Empire of Their Own: How the Jews Invented Hollywood

12690:: The cult French novel that inspired George RR Martin" 11959:"Rosalind Franklin's contributions to the study of DNA" 4402:

and Jews. The Jewish Enlightenment philosophy included

13483:, NBC News, July 20, 2005. Accessed February 12, 2006. 13323:, p. 17. New York: Ktav Publishing House (1969). Each 12773:

Berlin Metropolis: Jews and the New Culture, 1890–1918

10906:

is the creator of several animation TV series such as

10537:

Jewish role was significant as well; the character of

8500:

breathed new life into the variety show in the 1970s.

4231:

included many influential Jewish philosophers such as

4203:

most of the Jewish philosophy concentrated around the

3815:

populations were always geographically dispersed (see

3797:

Tombstones from a Jewish cemetery, 13th century, Paris

12967:

The Persecution of Creativity: Jews, Music and Vienna

9131:. The most prolific composers of this genre included 8387:

or professional fortifications and deny them entry."

7930:, staged a story by Naum Shoykovich, translated from 7454:. During the period when Broadway was monopolized by 7263:, watching auditions at the St. James Theatre in 1948 6377:

of New York City during the early 20th century spoke

4454:. The 20th century included the notable philosophers 13470:

on MyJewishLearning.com. Accessed February 12, 2006.

13087:

The Development of Israeli Theatre– a brief overview

11298: 9524:. Jewish dances both were influenced by surrounding 4968:

where some of the books contain descriptions of the

1975: 1956: 379: 13966:"Top 10 Jewish Marvel & DC Comics' Superheroes" 13721:"Show and Tel Aviv: Israel's artistic coastal city" 13069:"Jewish Recipients of the Pulitzer Prize for Drama" 10559:, and other Jewish elements. More at DC Comics are 9766:was the only survivor, prior to its destruction by 8005:," singer, actor and playwright. His successor was 7142:continues to thrive after 50 years of performance. 6392:(whose collected works amounted to 28 volumes) and 4803:(1772–1823) was one of the most influential of the 4787:, first Jewish Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 14487:News and reviews about Jewish literature and books 14180:, retrieved April 7, 2015, from My Jewish Learning 13719: 13296:"JEWISH MUSIC INSTITUTE – Western Classical Music" 11909:"Rosalind Franklin :: DNA from the Beginning" 11520: 11518: 10302: 9817:shows a mixture of Jewish and Hellenistic motifs. 8999:during this time were native not to what is today 7978:" returned to the theatre. She played the role of 7627:also tackles relations between Jews and Gentiles. 7344:In the 19th and early 20th centuries the European 4761:more consistently than many other elements of the 14454:Jewish Public Culture in the Late Russian Empire. 13248:Interesting Times : A Twentieth-Century Life 12867:, Winter/Spring 2000. Accessed February 11, 2006. 12820:, September 27, 1996. Accessed February 12, 2006. 12736:Modern Musar: Contested Virtues in Jewish Thought 10058:, Jewish names and themes become more prominent: 9911:was a prominent portrait painter in 18th-century 9156:very loosely connected to the Jewish experience. 8084:(1935), the biggest Yiddish film hit of all time 5481:, the source of repetition, hate, aggression and 18790: 14208: 13684:, John Levy, "Review of The Tibetans", photo 8, 13516:, Jewish Art Network. Accessed January 14, 2010. 12400: 12358:(1960). "Stimulated optical radiation in ruby". 12305:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 12252: 12218: 12184: 11396:Understanding Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism 10902:In animation, there were many Jewish animators: 9606:Jerry Seinfeld performing at a show in July 2019 5469:as well as for elaboration of his theory of the 4736:Europe and the Americas have tended towards the 4342:. His work has earned him recognition as one of 13356:Yiddish, Klezmer, Ashkenazic or 'shtetl' dances 13337:Yiddish, Klezmer, Ashkenazic or 'shtetl' dances 13049:Theater: West Side Story; The Growth of an Idea 12582: 11515: 9851:curtains, owls on Judaic coins, animals on the 7733:were written and composed by Jewish Americans. 4338:and laying the groundwork for the 18th-century 4167:and some scholars hold that his concept of the 14516:Heeb – an online magazine about Jewish culture 14286: 14211:"Stuffed Cabbage: A Comfort Food for All Ages" 14153:"The Secret Jewish History Of Steven Universe" 13759:Encyclopedia of Comic Books and Graphic Novels 13207: 13205: 13203: 12911:. Thomson Gale. UC Irvine (CDL). March 9, 2006 12503:, Israel Mathematical Conference Proceedings, 12013:Risch, Stephen J.; Hansen, Michael K. (1982). 11524:Malkin, Y. "Humanistic and secular Judaisms." 11418:, Princeton University Press, 2011, pp.5–6, 15 6823:is mostly related to the era of and after the 4960:with a backbone consisting of phosphate groups 17589: 17575: 16221: 14541: 14360:. April 23, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2014. 14292: 13232: 13230: 13228: 13226: 12818:The Jewish News Weekly of Northern California 12454: 12248: 12246: 12180: 12178: 11987: 10462:, a company to be known, since the 1960s, as 9550:The examples and perspective in this section 7743: 7332:(a Jewish ghetto before it was a black one), 7255:Rodgers (left) and Hammerstein (right), with 6660:The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay 4171:as God's creative principle influenced early 3978:in traditional clothing. Photo taken in 1900. 3724: 2427: 14472:The City Congregation for Humanistic Judaism 14456:Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009. 14381:. New York: Marcel Dekker. pp. 99–111. 14379:Emmy Noether: A Tribute to Her Life and Work 14192:"Why are Israeli Jews obsessed with hummus?" 13792:"Don Markstein's Toonopedia: Famous Funnies" 13658: 12658:"My hero: Maurice Druon by George RR Martin" 12214: 12212: 12127:"The proof of Rabbi Abraham Bar Hiya Hanasi" 11546:"Introduction to Philosophy" by Dr Tom Kerns 10551:, is partly based on the biblical figure of 8939:, with the exception of the performances of 7458:and similar entertainments, Jewish producer 5587:explains the fundamental connection between 16030:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation 14343:. May 12, 2011. Retrieved February 8, 2014. 14209:Eileen M. Lavine (September–October 2011). 13200: 13024:, June 2, 2005. Accessed February 15, 2006. 12965:Dr. Kenneth Libo Ph. D and Michael Skakun, 12494: 12118: 12012: 11934:"Rosalind Franklin: A Crucial Contribution" 11873:"Jewish Recipients of the ACM Turing Award" 11473:The Emergence of a Jewish Cultural Identity 10042:, who like the other two also painted. One 8935:, virtually all Jewish music in Europe was 8400:was set in a specifically Jewish milieu in 7246: 4186:The opening page of Spinoza's magnum opus, 3997:Institute for Jewish and Community Research 3518: 671:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire 17582: 17568: 16228: 16214: 14548: 14534: 14373: 14337:Why South Koreans are in love with Judaism 14150: 13943: 13626: 13250:, Knopf Publishing Group, pp. 10–11, 13223: 12956:, May 7, 2004. Accessed February 12, 2006. 12716:"Jewish Nobel Prize Winners in Literature" 12482: 12243: 12175: 11446:O sută de ani de teatru evriesc în România 10543:, which was created by the Jewish artists 10292: 10285: 9568:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 8053:(1931), the first Yiddish musical on film 7540:of musical theatre were Jewish. Since the 6487:, Professor of Aesthetics and Rhetoric at 6384:Jewish authors have both created a unique 5987:List of Israeli inventions and discoveries 4886:List of Jewish scientists and philosophers 4055: 4017:, Professor of Aesthetics and Rhetoric at 3964:, resulted in a further geographic shift. 3731: 3717: 2434: 2420: 14414:. New York: Ktav Publishing House (1969). 14331: 14329: 13652: 13503:. Livius.org. Accessed February 12, 2006. 12878:The Arts: A Jewish Street Called Broadway 12429: 12209: 12091: 11835:"Jewish Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry" 10343:(right) made a major contribution to the 9762:on the walls of synagogues, of which the 9584:Learn how and when to remove this message 8213:expression for 100 per cent Americanness. 7563:was most often led by a single singer, a 6310:List of Jews in literature and journalism 4879: 4699: 4021:and the founder and academic director of 3843:; and other populations of Jews lived in 69:Learn how and when to remove this message 14577:Index of Jewish history-related articles 14477:Congress of Secular Jewish Organizations 13245: 13214: 13162:, Section C, no. 11 (July 1999), p. 141 12732: 12053:"Science in Medieval Jewish Scholarship" 11992:. Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston. 11854:"Jewish Nobel Prize Winners in Medicine" 11558:"Middle Platonism – Philo of Alexandria" 11135: 10771: 10129:In photography some notable figures are 9922: 9886: 9776: 9706: 9601: 9495: 9401: 9003:but the outer provinces of the Empire), 8918: 8539:produced the fifth and sixth seasons of 8502: 8270: 8140: 8043:List of Jewish American media executives 7909:, Avshalum Nakhshunov, Raziil Ilyaguev, 7895: 7747: 7468: 7462:dominated the theatrical scene with his 7250: 7149: 7031: 6463: 6448: 6321: 6273: 5597: 5492:The first functioning laser, created by 5487: 5429: 5222: 5065: 4943: 4795: 4779: 4723: 4309: 4181: 4075: 4046:Congress of Secular Jewish Organizations 3966: 3896:populations by their religious leaders. 3792: 3742: 82: 32:This article includes a list of general 16076:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 14713: 14504:The Bezalel Narkiss Index of Jewish Art 14233: 14202: 13993:"Don Markstein's Toonopedia: EC Comics" 13905: 11891:"Jewish Recipients of the Fields Medal" 11816:"Jewish Nobel Prize Winners in Physics" 11598: 11562:The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 10524:(including many of its characters) and 10443:. That company was also a precursor of 9867:was the prototype of the modern Jewish 9450:. Popular Jewish artists today include 8442:all wrote for Sid Caesar; Reiner's son 8266: 8145:Steven Spielberg at a movie premier in 7813:in Europe (the first Hebrew theatrical 5094:Colóquios dos simples e drogas da India 4346:'s most important thinkers; Others are 18791: 14326: 14239: 13963: 13755: 13717: 13620: 12652: 12646: 12354: 11988:Kurtz, J. H.; Simonton, T. D. (1857). 11589: 9879:in 1920, was similar to Chagall's own 8507:Israeli television studio in the 1950s 7937:In 1918, a drama studio was opened in 5343:radiation, which helped establish the 3999:, said of traditional Jewish culture: 17563: 16209: 14529: 14249:A sweet start to the Jewish New Year" 14189: 14065:"What Became of Childhood Innocence?" 13990: 13879: 13789: 13481:Did Christians copy Jewish catacombs? 13367: 12683: 12677: 12620: 12614: 12097: 11677:"A Jewish Fight for Public Education" 11604: 11555: 9422:were predominantly Jewish, including 8208:described the situation as follows: 7818:traditions were soon transplanted to 5610:More remarkable contributors include 5188:. Einstein formulated the well-known 5070:German edition of the astronomy book 4229:Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain 4023:Meitar College for Judaism as Culture 17523: 17124:Role of Christianity in civilization 14555: 14492:Festival of Jewish Theater and Ideas 14467:The center for Jewish Art Collection 14441:. The Crown Publishing Group, 1988. 14062: 14019:"A short biography - WillEisner.com" 13845: 12759:Melamed, S.M., "The Yiddish Stage", 12733:Claussen, Geoffrey D. (April 2022). 12343:Freud: The Theory of the Unconscious 12330:Freud: The Theory of the Unconscious 12101:The Equation that Couldn't Be Solved 12080: 12078: 10050:; historians disagree as to whether 9970:), and after World War II among the 9536: 8275:IBA Kol Israel Heleni Radio Studios 7885: 5074:, originally by Mashallah ibn Athari 4791: 4163:was important for several Christian 3906:(and its echo within Judaism in the 3819:), so that by the 19th century, the 18: 17535: 13512:Roza Bieliauskiene and Felix Tarm, 13116:Could not access February 12, 2006. 12590:"Leading Dutch writer Mulisch dies" 12423: 12253:Will, Clifford M (August 1, 2010). 12219:Will, Clifford M (August 1, 2010). 12185:Will, Clifford M (August 1, 2010). 10309:List of Jewish American cartoonists 8549:. More remarkable contributors are 8404:. While the overt Jewish milieu of 7763:drama was written around 1550 by a 7641:is a sensitive exploration of both 7320:, and singers that grew out of the 7273:List of Jewish American playwrights 7145: 6835:era and succeeded by poets such as 5088:Jewish physician, was a pioneer of 4941:in mathematics were or are Jewish. 4929:. In the fields of mathematics and 13: 16023:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research 16003:American Jewish Historical Society 14482:Global Directory of Jewish Museums 14404: 13906:Hoffman, Jordan (April 29, 2012). 13592:. December 3, 2013. Archived from 12902:"Early Broadway's un-Jewish Jews." 12598:. November 1, 2010. Archived from 11664:Judaism and Democracy: The Reality 11605:Yalom, Irvin (February 21, 2012). 11279:. In general, Jews are positively 10276: 10267: 10258: 10249: 10240: 9813:and walls at the cave cemetery at 9355: 8914: 8001:, "Honored Cultural Worker of the 7542:Tony Award for Best Original Score 7021: 7004: 6981: 6972: 6963: 6954: 6945: 6261: 6252: 6243: 6234: 6185: 6176: 6167: 5355:had also worked on that field. In 4687: 4678: 4662: 4653: 4595: 4586: 4577: 4568: 4559: 3870:; many Ashkenazim migrated to the 38:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 18820: 18773:Western European and Others Group 14460: 14421:. Trowbridge: Flicks Books, 1992 14277: 13732:from the original on June 8, 2022 13066: 12713: 12075: 11870: 11851: 11832: 11813: 11222: 9834:, and other manuscripts like the 7990:, based on the stories of writer 7222:, and influential producers like 5535:. In made also a major work with 4948:The structure of DNA. The Jewish 3987:. (This is particularly true for 3839:were primarily spread throughout 462:Historical population comparisons 17534: 17522: 17511: 17510: 16245: 16187: 16174: 16173: 14346: 14321:The Encyclopedia of Christianity 14314: 14305: 14271: 14183: 14144: 14114: 14098:. August 3, 2001. Archived from 14084: 14063:Winn, Marie (January 25, 1981). 14056: 14016: 14010: 13984: 13957: 13934: 13925: 13899: 13873: 13839: 13817:"UAHC – Reform Judaism Magazine" 13809: 13783: 13718:Boulos, Nick (October 5, 2013). 13711: 13691: 13675: 13643: 13608: 13582: 13562: 12255:"Fitzgerald–Lorentz contraction" 11592:The Gospel of John: A Commentary 11440:Măciucă, Constantin, preface to 11315: 11301: 10981:Mighty Mouse: The New Adventures 10326: 10317: 9785:(5th century) in Galilee, Israel 9541: 9397: 9383: 9374: 9365: 9347: 9338: 9329: 9320: 7536:and dozens of others during the 6997: 6990: 6159: 5319:The mathematician and physicist 5130:on the Moon is named after him. 4900:Science and technology in Israel 4748:. The biographies of women like 4671: 2465: 1106:Democratic Republic of the Congo 1020:Historical population by country 23: 17336:Culture and positive psychology 16246: 14295:"How to Master Matzo Ball Soup" 14293:Roman, Alison (April 2, 2014). 14151:Screenshot (October 11, 2017). 13532: 13519: 13506: 13486: 13473: 13453: 13427: 13412: 13361: 13349: 13330: 13313: 13288: 13275: 13263: 13239: 13169: 13141: 13120: 13099: 13079: 13060: 13041: 13027: 13003: 12979: 12959: 12933: 12914: 12894: 12870: 12849: 12823: 12806: 12785: 12766: 12753: 12726: 12707: 12557: 12488: 12466: 12394: 12348: 12335: 12322: 12313: 12277: 12259:Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia 12225:Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia 12191:Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia 12145: 12045: 12006: 11996: 11981: 11951: 11926: 11901: 11883: 11864: 11845: 11826: 11807: 11782: 11760: 11735: 11718: 11691: 11669: 11656: 11643: 11621: 11583: 11556:Moore, Edward (June 28, 2005). 11549: 10941:Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs 10581:and many related characters as 10303:Comics, cartoons, and animation 9903:artists in Europe prior to the 9770:in 2017, as well as the Jewish 9697:List of Jews in the visual arts 9412:great songwriters and lyricists 9406:Omer Adam during a show in 2020 7060:founded the first professional 6741:); The historical novel series 6595:Other notable contributors are 6481:Modern Judaism: An Oxford Guide 6114:, "The Father of Video Games". 5776:Jacobian matrix and determinant 3958:creation of the State of Israel 3492:List of Jews in the visual arts 16775:High- and low-context cultures 16095:Relations with other religions 13964:Baylen, Ashley (May 5, 2012). 13570:Jewish artists in Montparnasse 12345:, London: NLB 1971, pp. 146–47 12125:Boaz Tsaban and David Garber. 11790:"Jewish Nobel Prize Laureates" 11743:"David Ricardo – Policonomics" 11540: 11531: 11526:Modern Judaism An Oxford Guide 11485: 11466: 11434: 11421: 11405: 11385: 11104:is known for cartoons such as 10781:animated and live-action films 10347:industry. Their work includes 9730:and extends throughout Jewish 9684: 9181:Symphony – "Songs of the Soul" 9019:from Russia. Singers included 7922:The first theatrical event by 7771:. A few works were written by 7738:Association for Jewish Theater 7269:Association for Jewish Theatre 7140:Dora Wasserman Yiddish Theatre 7119:Yiddish theater, most notably 6825:revival of the Hebrew language 6294:Ladino language § History 5255:Los Alamos National Laboratory 4890:List of Jewish Nobel laureates 4042:Society for Humanistic Judaism 3773:and architecture, cuisine and 3605:Jewish athletes and Yom Kippur 1: 16082:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust 14190:Vered, Ronit (May 13, 2017). 13968:. Shalom Life. Archived from 13461:A Brief History of Jewish Art 13166:. Accessed February 12, 2006. 12987:Creating the American Musical 12621:Kamin, Debra (May 20, 2014). 12509:American Mathematical Society 12319:Ford & Urban 1965, p. 109 12153:"Garcia de Orta (1501/02-68)" 11429:Culture and customs of Israel 11378: 11368:Traditional Jewish chronology 11074:, which its products include 10466:. At Marvel, Artists such as 10034:were prominent in the art of 9789:A number of luxury pieces of 8925:Israel Philharmonic Orchestra 8039:List of Jewish film directors 8013:for his meritorious service. 6860:Jewish poetry from Al-Andalus 6666:The Yiddish Policemen's Union 5997:first internal combustion car 4894:List of Jewish mathematicians 4330:, whose work included modern 4179:borrow from a common source. 3962:Jewish exodus from Arab lands 3497:List of Jewish film directors 677:Christianity and Judaism 17341:Culture and social cognition 16326:Cross-cultural communication 16013:Leo Baeck Institute New York 16008:American Sephardi Federation 13880:Groth, Gary (May 23, 2012). 13459:Jessica Spitalnic Brockman, 12907:50.1 (January 2004): 19(7). 12684:Milne, Ben (April 4, 2014). 12501:The Heritage of Emmy Noether 12332:, London: NLB 1971, p. 49-51 11183:. Thus, "Jewish" foods like 10696:In 1944, Max Gaines founded 10395:. In 1939, he founded, with 10106:(American-British, d 1959), 9840:Yemenite Jewish silversmiths 9083:(the former perished at the 8788:Once Upon a Time (TV Series) 8285:Columbia Broadcasting System 8281:Radio Corporation of America 8279:The first radio chains, the 8011:Order of the Badge of Honour 4831:by pious Christians. As the 3747:Museum of Jewish culture in 7: 17423:Intercultural communication 16235: 14836:Constantinopolitan Karaites 14280:Encyclopedia of Jewish Food 14017:Inc., Will Eisner Studios. 13575:September 29, 2007, at the 13514:Brief History of Jewish Art 12992:September 28, 2005, at the 12972:September 26, 2005, at the 12435:"Johnny Jiggles the Planet" 11362:Secular Culture & Ideas 11294: 9783:great synagogue of Tzippori 9781:Zodiac Wheel Mosaic in the 9714:, by Elie Marcuse (1848). ( 9564:, discuss the issue on the 9079:from Bohemia and later the 8390:One of the first televised 8065:(1932), the anti-Nazi film 7133:Night of the Murdered Poets 7121:Moscow State Jewish Theater 5341:cosmic microwave background 4301:Jedaiah ben Abraham Bedersi 4081:The Guide for the Perplexed 4072:List of Jewish philosophers 1976: 1957: 1684:Latin America and Caribbean 380: 16:Culture of Jews and Judaism 10: 18825: 16866:Cross cultural sensitivity 16533:Resistance through culture 16064:National Library of Israel 14705:Zionism, race and genetics 14367: 14354:Chinese: 'Jews make money' 13189:November 24, 2005, at the 13176:History of Israeli Theatre 13016:December 28, 2004, at the 12763:, September 27, 1925 (X2). 12623:"The Jewish legacy behind 12460: 12019:Journal of Applied Ecology 11226: 11156: 11131: 10783:, known for films such as 10306: 9700: 9694: 9688: 9595: 9489: 8905:Sephardic and Ladino music 8876: 8870: 8311:National Jewish Television 8032: 7986:- Shimi Derbendi's wife - 7901:Acting troupe in the play 7889: 7744:Hebrew and Israeli theatre 7689:, the Nederlander family, 7556:are Jewish, among others. 7266: 7025: 7016: 6849: 6795:and several poets such as 6768:, 13% were or are Jewish. 6306:Jewish American literature 6287: 6277: 5984: 5505:foundations of mathematics 5323:pioneered the theory that 5124:an astronomer, The crater 5059:. Bar Hiyya proved by the 5022:who published in 1478 his 4978:Genesis creation narrative 4897: 4883: 4712:Jewish political movements 4709: 4703: 4643:Menachem Mendel Schneerson 4069: 4066:Jewish religious movements 4059: 3934:General Jewish Labour Bund 3800: 3788: 3785:culture emerged likewise. 3595:Jewish Sports Hall of Fame 2289:Jewish political movements 1986:Conversion to Judaism 18543:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance 18523: 18441: 18278: 18113: 17984:Standard Average European 17852: 17681: 17601: 17506: 17478:Transformation of culture 17171: 17091: 16911:Cultural environmentalism 16848: 16588: 16451: 16341:Cross-cultural psychology 16336:Cross-cultural psychiatry 16331:Cross-cultural leadership 16308: 16257: 16243: 16162: 16018:Yeshiva University Museum 15998:Center for Jewish History 15988: 15853: 15725: 15599: 15493: 15024: 14643: 14585: 14567: 14497:January 19, 2017, at the 13953:(DVD). Warner Bros. 2006. 13951:The Mythology of Superman 13756:Booker, M. Keith (2012). 13494:The Jewish diaspora: Rome 13466:January 14, 2006, at the 12883:December 6, 2008, at the 12778:November 5, 2005, at the 10883:creator of graphic novel 10405:All-American Publications 9871:. A book of Yiddish folk- 9416:traditional popular music 9237:Psalm of the Instant Dove 9215:Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco 8028: 6766:Nobel Prize in Literature 5772:Jacobi elliptic functions 5553:self-replicating machines 5441:, known as the father of 5284:contributed to theory of 5030:where he wrote about the 4314:The Samra Great Synagogue 4207:that is expressed in the 2668:Jewish diaspora languages 692:Hinduism and Judaism 18683:Lancaster House Treaties 18173:Christian existentialism 18133:Ancient Roman philosophy 18123:Ancient Greek philosophy 17438:Living things in culture 17428:Intercultural competence 17331:Culture and menstruation 16830:Trans-cultural diffusion 14610:Ancient Israel and Judah 14092:"The Way of the Samurai" 13661:"Kitaj the 'Diasporist'" 13342:August 12, 2011, at the 13246:Hobsbawm, E. J. (2003), 13135:August 16, 2005, at the 13092:August 16, 2005, at the 12285:"Jews and the Atom Bomb" 12157:www.sciencemuseum.org.uk 12104:. Simon & Schuster. 11794:jewishvirtuallibrary.org 11631:. JewishEncyclopedia.com 11590:Keener, Craig S (2003). 11462:for further information. 10102:(American, d 1917), Sir 9532: 9485: 9095:from the United States, 8945:European classical music 8866: 8570:Married... with Children 8062:A Daughter of Her People 7815:professional performance 7731:Pulitzer Prize for Drama 7324:, whether it was on the 7247:English-language theatre 7082:Yiddish Theater District 5768:Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi 5545:Von Neumann architecture 5172:predicted extraordinary 5140:transformed theoretical 5106:, whose the Moon crater 5092:. He published his work 4720:List of Jews in politics 3827:and Central Europe; the 518:Temple in Jerusalem 211:Bar and bat mitzvah 18461:Equality before the law 17668:Romano-Germanic culture 17249:Cultural homogenization 16479:Individualistic culture 16413:Popular culture studies 16398:Intercultural relations 14986:North African Sephardim 14959:Jewish tribes of Arabia 14509:March 26, 2015, at the 13704:April 14, 2012, at the 13499:April 18, 2016, at the 13374:American Jewish History 13154:April 15, 2005, at the 13054:New York Herald Tribune 12739:. U of Nebraska Press. 12513:Oxford University Press 11724:Sowell, Thomas (2006). 11431:, Greenwood Press, 2004 11427:Torstrick, Rebecca L., 11215:, make up a variety of 10843:; The Hebrew comics of 9972:abstract expressionists 9726:art is recorded in the 9061:Alexander von Zemlinsky 8472:created the hit sitcom 8249:(1968). More recently, 7677:, the Minskoff family, 7550:Claude-Michel Schönberg 7510:Rodgers and Hammerstein 7288:Konstantin Stanislavski 6582:Max Reinhardt (Goldman) 6443:The Discovery of Heaven 6032:wireless remote control 5752:Artificial intelligence 5409:Quantum electrodynamics 5393:London dispersion force 5347:theory, the scientists 5298:Stellar nucleosynthesis 5257:in 1942. The physicist 5190:Mass–energy equivalence 5072:De scientia motvs orbis 4607:Schneur Zalman of Liadi 4056:Philosophy and religion 3928:amplified the sense of 3861:Jewish ethnic divisions 3823:were mainly located in 3704:Category:Jewish culture 3502:Jews in American cinema 480:Twelve Tribes of Israel 53:more precise citations. 18623:Eastern European Group 18212:Continental philosophy 18143:Judeo-Christian ethics 18128:Hellenistic philosophy 17609:Cradle of civilization 17184:Archaeological culture 16931:Cultural globalization 16800:Organizational culture 16648:Cultural communication 16606:Cultural appropriation 16393:Intercultural learning 16321:Cross-cultural studies 16089:Holocaust Encyclopedia 16059:Jewish Virtual Library 14352:Nagler-Cohen, Liron. " 13882:"Jack Kirby Interview" 13435:"Not a Pretty Picture" 13368:Tanny, Jarrod (2015). 13106:Jewishencyclopedia.com 12909:Expanded Academic ASAP 12855:Stephen J. Whitfield, 12791:Johnson, Paul (1987). 12221:"Space-Time Continuum" 11726:On classical economics 11699:"The Jewish Americans" 11263:Very few Jews live in 11154: 10802: 10756:comics series and the 10281: 10272: 10263: 10254: 10245: 9964:Yitzhak Frenkel Frenel 9939: 9938:, Jerusalem Collection 9899:There were few Jewish 9896: 9893:Dura Europos synagogue 9885: 9786: 9764:Dura Europas Synagogue 9758:and Greece, including 9719: 9716:Tel Aviv Museum of Art 9607: 9505: 9407: 9360: 9273:Charles-Valentin Alkan 9087:extermination camps), 8973:Charles-Valentin Alkan 8928: 8710:The Larry Sanders Show 8690:The Andy Griffith Show 8508: 8287:, were created by the 8276: 8215: 8149: 8111:The Singing Blacksmith 8009:, who was awarded the 7919: 7822:. Playwrights such as 7756: 7561:Jewish religious music 7476: 7342: 7264: 7232: 7158: 7049: 7009: 6986: 6977: 6968: 6959: 6950: 6758:A Song of Ice and Fire 6751:is an inspiration for 6676:In Search of Lost Time 6650:The Catcher in the Rye 6476: 6461: 6342: 6266: 6257: 6248: 6239: 6190: 6181: 6172: 6070:- creators of Google; 5892:Baruch Samuel Blumberg 5716:theory of distribution 5660:Ginzburg–Landau theory 5607: 5497: 5435: 5385:Quantum chromodynamics 5325:universe was expanding 5263:nuclear chain reaction 5231: 5174:astronomical phenomena 5075: 5061:method of indivisibles 4961: 4958:double helix structure 4950:X-ray crystallographer 4937:recipients and 27% of 4927:Physiology or Medicine 4880:Science and technology 4867:As a modern system of 4808: 4788: 4732: 4700:Education and politics 4692: 4683: 4667: 4658: 4600: 4591: 4582: 4573: 4564: 4348:Isaac Orobio de Castro 4318:Philosophy by Jews in 4315: 4287:. The most notable is 4192: 4129:Deuterocanonical books 4088: 4038: 4025:in Jerusalem, writes: 4012: 3979: 3798: 3757:is the culture of the 3751: 3578:List of Jews in sports 96: 18743:Three Seas Initiative 18718:Pacific Islands Forum 18583:British–Irish Council 18331:Greek Orthodox Church 17790:Industrial Revolution 17760:Scientific Revolution 17453:Participatory culture 17244:Cultural evolutionism 17068:Multiracial democracy 16946:Cultural intelligence 16891:Cultural conservatism 16881:Cultural backwardness 16871:Cultural assimilation 16745:Cultural reproduction 16601:Cultural appreciation 16553:Far-right subcultures 16443:Transcultural nursing 16408:Philosophy of culture 16285:Cultural neuroscience 16265:Cultural anthropology 16036:Encyclopaedia Judaica 15818:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh 15003:Sephardic Bnei Anusim 14753:Udmurt and Tatar Jews 14452:Veidlinger, Jeffrey. 14243:(September 1, 2010). 13991:Markstein, Donald D. 13790:Markstein, Donald D. 13659:Tom Teicholz (2003). 13386:10.1353/ajh.2015.0023 13319:Landa, M. J. (1926). 13271:op. cit.' p. 462-463. 12946:May 17, 2006, at the 12876:Samantha M. Shapiro, 12793:A History of the Jews 12565:"biblical literature" 12410:University of Chicago 12163:on September 19, 2017 12098:Livio, Mario (2006). 12088:, New York Routledge. 11730:Yale University Press 11649:Wein (1997), p. 44. ( 11617:on November 12, 2013. 11607:"The Spinoza Problem" 11460:article on the author 11400:KTAV Publishing House 11336:Visual arts in Israel 11139: 10989:The Lord of the Rings 10840:Mandrake the Magician 10792:The Lord of the Rings 10775: 10280: 10271: 10262: 10253: 10244: 9926: 9891:Wall painting in the 9890: 9845: 9780: 9710: 9703:Visual arts in Israel 9701:Further information: 9605: 9499: 9405: 9359: 9219:Violin Concerto no. 2 8922: 8849:Michelle Trachtenberg 8841:Sarah Michelle Gellar 8506: 8456:(which often engaged 8274: 8263:, Jerusalem JFF, etc 8210: 8144: 7949:Yashaiyo Rabinovich. 7899: 7868:Arab–Israeli conflict 7751: 7472: 7406:form) was the Jewish 7366:Bruno Granichstaedten 7338: 7316:, gossip columnists, 7254: 7192: 7153: 7129:Rootless cosmopolitan 7035: 7008: 6985: 6976: 6967: 6958: 6949: 6801:Samuel ibn Naghrillah 6502:Isaac Bashevis Singer 6467: 6452: 6394:Isaac Bashevis Singer 6325: 6274:Literature and poetry 6265: 6256: 6247: 6238: 6189: 6180: 6171: 6014:- co-inventor of the 5918:); In fields such as 5732:Theory of computation 5632:extraterrestrial life 5601: 5541:computer architecture 5527:, quantum mechanics, 5491: 5433: 5339:co-discoverer of the 5261:, that conceived the 5248:theoretical physicist 5226: 5152:created primarily by 5069: 4947: 4898:Further information: 4799: 4783: 4727: 4691: 4682: 4666: 4657: 4599: 4590: 4581: 4572: 4563: 4517:(c. 25 BCE–c. 50 CE)) 4444:Samuel David Luzzatto 4432:Samson Raphael Hirsch 4404:Menachem Mendel Lefin 4386:the prophet and with 4313: 4285:Isaac ben Moses Arama 4215:. In the 9th century 4185: 4113:creation of the world 4079: 4027: 4001: 3970: 3796: 3746: 1226:São Tomé and Príncipe 1221:Republic of the Congo 615:Second Temple Judaism 486:Kingdom of Judah 457:Modern historiography 86: 18738:Special Relationship 18148:Christian philosophy 18093:Western Christianity 17755:Age of Enlightenment 17629:Hellenistic Kingdoms 17448:Oppositional culture 17418:Emotions and culture 17326:Cultural sensibility 17316:Cultural translation 17254:Cultural institution 17234:Cultural determinism 16956:Cultural nationalism 16941:Cultural imperialism 16901:Cultural deprivation 16795:Non-material culture 16428:Sociology of culture 16423:Semiotics of culture 14615:Second Temple period 14410:Landa, M.J. (1926). 14375:Alexandrov, Pavel S. 14341:The Jewish Chronicle 14259:on December 30, 2010 14102:on February 20, 2012 13908:"A marvel in comics" 13846:Brod, Harry (2012). 13821:reformjudaismmag.net 13762:. pp. 504–505. 13423:The Joys of Yinglish 12654:Martin, George R. R. 12544:"Literature, Jewish" 12433:(November 8, 1992). 12402:Townes, Charles Hard 12057:myjewishlearning.com 11969:on September 6, 2006 11747:www.policonomics.com 11111:Tiny Toon Adventures 10705:Tales from the Crypt 10651:Brian Michael Bendis 10221:Isaac Frenkel Frenel 10126:(American, d 1991). 10122:(American, d 1988), 10118:(Croatian, d 1985), 10020:Contemporary artists 9950:movement (including 9744:Temples in Jerusalem 9712:"Death of King Saul" 9562:improve this section 9552:may not represent a 8879:Secular Jewish music 8793:Sarah Jessica Parker 8644:Beverly Hills, 90210 8460:and other issues of 8416:Bridget Loves Bernie 8267:Radio and television 8252:Call Me By Your Name 7956:, Mountain Jews and 7828:Hayyim Nahman Bialik 7486:Oscar Hammerstein II 7410:, niece of composer 7300:Stephen J. Whitfield 6864:Modern Hebrew poetry 6845:Shaul Tchernichovsky 6829:Moshe Chaim Luzzatto 6821:Modern Hebrew poetry 6728:The Thirteenth Tribe 6298:Judeo-Tat literature 5888:Evolutionary biology 5704:Continuum hypothesis 5696:Lipschitz continuity 5668:Aharonov–Bohm effect 5557:stochastic computing 5373:Schrödinger equation 5363:and his work on the 5335:, the physicist and 5296:whose work included 5198:photoelectric effect 5196:, and explained the 5158:elementary particles 5122:Mashallah ibn Athari 5040:Christopher Columbus 5009:Deuteronomy 20:19–20 5005:agricultural science 4805:classical economists 4716:Judaism and politics 4390:. Mendelssohn was a 3833:Mediterranean region 3583:Association football 2922:Crossing the Red Sea 2328:World Agudath Israel 1469:United Arab Emirates 556:Second Temple period 546:Babylonian captivity 18763:West Nordic Council 18628:Eastern Partnership 18217:Analytic philosophy 17918:Classical tradition 17740:Early modern period 17696:Classical antiquity 17691:European Bronze Age 17299:Culture speculation 17294:Cultural relativism 17224:Cultural competence 17114:Cultural Christians 16986:Cultural Revolution 16976:Cultural radicalism 16951:Cultural liberalism 16886:Cultural Bolshevism 16861:Consumer capitalism 16815:Relational mobility 16755:Cultural technology 16663:Cultural dissonance 16580:Culture by location 16543:Alternative culture 16459:Constructed culture 16438:Theology of culture 16378:Cultural psychology 16358:Cultural entomology 16053:Jewish Encyclopedia 15798:Hekhalot literature 15609:Religious movements 15144:Judeo-Tripolitanian 14282:. Houghton Mifflin. 14221:on October 11, 2011 13912:The Times of Israel 13631:. Whitehot Magazine 13627:Mark Bloch (2007). 13596:on December 3, 2013 13400:on October 24, 2018 13111:Jewish Encyclopedia 12797:Lutheran Protestant 12632:The Times of Israel 12515:, pp. 83–101, 12505:Bar-Ilan University 12372:1960Natur.187..493M 12265:on January 25, 2013 12231:on January 25, 2013 12197:on January 24, 2013 11776:Jewish Encyclopedia 11679:. September 2, 2013 11611:The Washington Post 11271:. Examples include 11119:Pinky and the Brain 11091:The Prince of Egypt 10932:who helped animate 10909:Dexter's Laboratory 10762:A Contract with God 10729:Shock SuspenStories 10723:Crime SuspenStories 10717:The Vault of Horror 10460:Timely Publications 10345:American comic book 10114:(Russian, d 1977), 10100:Moses Jacob Ezekiel 10085:The collage artist 10018:, as well as among 9980:Helen Frankenthaler 9803:signs of the Zodiac 9681:, and many others. 9119:from Argentina and 8995:from Bohemia (most 8927:'s 70th Anniversary 8654:The Big Bang Theory 8497:Saturday Night Live 8361:. More figures are 8162:the Warner Brothers 7915:Israel Tsvaygenbaum 7759:The earliest known 7612:Fiddler on the Roof 7305:New York University 7296:Brandeis University 6837:Hayim Nahman Bialik 6805:Solomon ibn Gabirol 6764:Among recipient of 6753:George R. R. Martin 6702:A Contract with God 6686:Death of a Salesman 6620:The Gods Themselves 6605:and others such as 6489:Tel Aviv University 6428:, Canadian author, 6333:by Jews during the 6003:- developer of the 5916:Blood–brain barrier 5906:(developers of the 5826:, structure of the 5569:theoretical physics 5559:), and statistics. 5509:functional analysis 5417:Quantum information 5329:Friedmann equations 5321:Alexander Friedmann 5290:Elementary particle 5271:"the father of the 5204:theory (Einstein's 5186:gravitational waves 5164:. With relativity, 5150:theory of mechanics 4861:Benveniste de Porta 4625:Ludwig Wittgenstein 4480:Ludwig Wittgenstein 4468:Claude Lévi-Strauss 4293:Natan'el al-Fayyumi 4241:Solomon ibn Gabirol 4205:Rabbinic literature 4148:Hellenistic Judaism 4019:Tel Aviv University 3960:and the consequent 3946:Jewish Emancipation 3868:Spanish Inquisition 2972:Gathering of Israel 2650:Judeo-Tripolitanian 621:Hellenistic Judaism 199:Land of Israel 158:Principles of faith 87:Jewish festival in 18222:Post-structuralism 18185:Christian humanism 17815:Universal suffrage 17458:Permission culture 17391:Disability culture 17371:Children's culture 17239:Cultural diversity 17199:Circuit of culture 16981:Cultural retention 16961:Cultural pessimism 16916:Cultural exception 16906:Cultural diplomacy 16896:Cultural contracts 16856:Colonial mentality 16785:Manuscript culture 16760:Cultural universal 16730:Cultural pluralism 16710:Cultural landscape 16705:Cultural invention 16673:Cultural framework 16575:Vernacular culture 16373:Cultural mediation 16353:Cultural economics 16348:Cultural analytics 16280:Cultural geography 16270:Cultural astronomy 16194:Judaism portal 16130:Jews and Halloween 16125:Jews and Christmas 15515:Rabbinic authority 15267:Judaeo-Piedmontese 14700:Xueta Christianity 14605:Origins of Judaism 14572:Outline of Judaism 14417:Stevens, Matthew. 14096:The Jewish Journal 14070:The New York Times 14048:has generic name ( 13997:www.toonopedia.com 13886:The Comics Journal 13796:www.toonopedia.com 13479:Michael Schirber, 12998:Rock 'N' Roll Jews 12996:. Originally from 12926:2006-09-09 at the 12440:The New York Times 12133:on August 12, 2011 11662:Daniel J. Elazar, 11478:2005-10-28 at the 11392:Lawrence Schiffman 11356:Jews and Christmas 11341:Humanistic Judaism 11155: 11102:animation division 10904:Genndy Tartakovsky 10803: 10282: 10273: 10264: 10255: 10246: 9940: 9897: 9787: 9720: 9608: 9506: 9408: 9361: 9077:Jaromír Weinberger 9017:Nikolai Rubinstein 9011:from Germany, and 8929: 8660:Two and a Half Men 8543:and later created 8509: 8392:situation comedies 8277: 8241:John Frankenheimer 8194:Jeffrey Katzenberg 8150: 8135:God, Man and Devil 8093:Where Is My Child? 8016:In the 1990s, the 7920: 7757: 7629:Jason Robert Brown 7477: 7280:theatrical realist 7265: 7212:Walter Hasenclever 7159: 7064:theatre troupe in 7050: 7045:(1920), a play by 7010: 6987: 6978: 6969: 6960: 6951: 6744:The Accursed Kings 6530:Haim Nahman Bialik 6477: 6462: 6432:, Russian author, 6373:of Poland and the 6343: 6290:Yiddish literature 6267: 6258: 6249: 6240: 6215:Robert Oppenheimer 6191: 6182: 6173: 6030:- inventor of the 6022:- inventor of the 5914:(discovery of the 5808:Alicyclic compound 5608: 5549:linear programming 5525:numerical analysis 5498: 5494:Theodore H. Maiman 5436: 5333:Arno Allan Penzias 5251:Robert Oppenheimer 5232: 5206:General relativity 5076: 5057:Leonardo Fibonacci 5028:Ha-hibbur ha-gadol 5013:Deuteronomy 22:6–7 4974:Biblical cosmology 4962: 4823:25:36) forbidding 4809: 4789: 4733: 4693: 4684: 4668: 4659: 4601: 4592: 4583: 4574: 4565: 4448:Nachman of Breslov 4344:Western philosophy 4336:Biblical criticism 4316: 4277:Joseph ibn Tzaddik 4193: 4177:Early Christianity 4089: 3980: 3944:combined with the 3922:Constantin Măciucă 3799: 3752: 3540:Biblical cosmology 3467:Ancient Jewish art 3216:Valley of the ants 2952:Conquest of Canaan 2892:Sodom and Gomorrah 2182:Jewish Koine Greek 1724:Dominican Republic 1005:Judaism by country 684:Jews and Christmas 539:Assyrian captivity 97: 18804:Jewish secularism 18786: 18785: 18613:Council of Europe 18515:International law 18468:Constitutionalism 18326:Eastern Orthodoxy 17832:Post–Cold War era 17765:Age of Revolution 17619:Greco-Roman world 17557: 17556: 17386:Death and culture 17279:Cultural movement 17269:Cultural literacy 17129:Eastern Orthodoxy 17041:Dominator culture 17036:Deculturalization 16936:Cultural hegemony 16926:Cultural genocide 16921:Cultural feminism 16740:Cultural property 16735:Cultural practice 16720:Cultural leveling 16715:Cultural learning 16700:Cultural industry 16695:Cultural identity 16678:Cultural heritage 16668:Cultural emphasis 16653:Cultural conflict 16626:Cultural behavior 16616:Cultural artifact 16528:Primitive culture 16504:Political culture 16203: 16202: 16169:extinct languages 16070:YIVO Encyclopedia 15845:Hebrew literature 15813:Sefer HaEtz Chaim 15653:Reconstructionist 15331:Judaeo-Portuguese 15020: 15019: 14976:Eastern Sephardim 14620:Synagogal Judaism 14388:978-0-8247-1550-2 13972:on April 10, 2015 13827:on March 13, 2016 13047:Arthur Laurents, 12941:Carmen Comes Home 12889:Hadassah Magazine 12746:978-0-8276-1887-9 12656:(April 3, 2013). 12522:978-0-19-851045-1 12406:"The first laser" 12366:(4736): 493–494. 12341:Mannoni, Octave, 12328:Mannoni, Octave, 11728:. New Haven, CT: 11442:Bercovici, Israil 11331:Culture of Israel 11167:, Mediterranean, 11035:Fleischer Studios 10779:is a director of 10711:The Haunt of Fear 10300: 10299: 10235: 10226: 10217: 10208: 10199: 10190: 10185:Amedeo Modigliani 10181: 10110:(French, d 1967) 9832:Sarajevo Haggadah 9643:Gilbert Gottfried 9594: 9593: 9586: 9392: 9391: 9314: 9305: 9296: 9287: 9282:Jacques Offenbach 9278: 9269: 9264:Felix Mendelssohn 9260: 9255:Fanny Mendelssohn 9251: 9246:Giacomo Meyerbeer 9211:Arnold Schoenberg 9196:Chichester Psalms 9185:Leonard Bernstein 9141:Jacques Offenbach 9133:Giacomo Meyerbeer 9101:Alexandre Tansman 9057:Arnold Schoenberg 9009:Giacomo Meyerbeer 9005:Felix Mendelssohn 8581:, co-creators of 8453:All in the Family 8261:San Francisco JFF 8166:David O. Selznick 8075:Yiddish King Lear 8068:The Wandering Jew 8018:Judeo-Tat theatre 7992:Hizgil Avshalumov 7892:Judeo-Tat theatre 7886:Judeo-Tat theatre 7794:such as those by 7526:Leonard Bernstein 7498:George S. Kaufman 7432:The Marx Brothers 7370:Jacques Offenbach 7282:movement and the 7200:Arthur Schnitzler 7058:Abraham Goldfaden 7014: 7013: 6940: 6931: 6922: 6913: 6904: 6895: 6886: 6877: 6817:Dunash ben Labrat 6602:Foundation series 6574:Amedeo Modigliani 6558:Leonard Bernstein 6436:, of Prague, and 6386:Jewish literature 6302:Hebrew literature 6280:Jewish literature 6271: 6270: 6229: 6220: 6211: 6202: 6153: 6144: 6135: 6126: 6108:Zend Technologies 6034:for televisions; 5966:; and sociology: 5884:Stephen Jay Gould 5868:Rosalind Franklin 5814:(biochemistry of 5788:Molecular biology 5764:Colossus computer 5593:conservation laws 5585:Noether's theorem 5425:Quantum potential 5357:quantum mechanics 5236:Manhattan Project 5214:Quantum mechanics 5138:relativity theory 5090:Tropical medicine 5053:Abraham bar Hiyya 4986:Leviticus 14:1–32 4954:Rosalind Franklin 4792:Economic activity 4785:Benjamin Disraeli 4697: 4696: 4648: 4639: 4630: 4621: 4612: 4554: 4549:Moses Mendelssohn 4545: 4536: 4527: 4518: 4496:Theodor W. Adorno 4420:Elijah Benamozegh 4380:Moses Mendelssohn 4372:Francisco Sanches 4273:Abraham bar Hiyya 4062:Jewish philosophy 3930:national identity 3775:traditional dress 3741: 3740: 3633:Ancient Israelite 3477:Judeo-Tat theatre 2992:David and Goliath 2444: 2443: 2393: 2392: 2141: 2140: 1888:Reconstructionist 1832: 1831: 984: 983: 791: 790: 628:Jewish–Roman wars 576:Hasmonean dynasty 492:Kingdom of Israel 396: 395: 79: 78: 71: 18816: 18658:EU Customs Union 18190:Secular humanism 18138:Christian ethics 18088:East–West Schism 18071:Physical culture 17795:Great Divergence 17745:Age of Discovery 17584: 17577: 17570: 17561: 17560: 17538: 17537: 17526: 17525: 17514: 17513: 17403:Drinking culture 17356:Culture industry 17304:Cultural tourism 17284:Cultural mulatto 17259:Cultural jet lag 17194:Cannabis culture 17151:Cultural Muslims 17073:Pluriculturalism 17056:Multiculturalism 17046:Interculturalism 17021:Culture minister 17011:Cultural Zionism 17006:Cultural subsidy 17001:Cultural silence 16876:Cultural attaché 16835:Transculturation 16790:Material culture 16780:Interculturality 16636:Cultural capital 16621:Cultural baggage 16558:Youth subculture 16499:Official culture 16464:Dominant culture 16403:Internet culture 16368:Cultural mapping 16363:Cultural history 16290:Cultural studies 16275:Cultural ecology 16249: 16248: 16230: 16223: 16216: 16207: 16206: 16192: 16191: 16190: 16177: 16176: 15309:Judeo-Golpaygani 14910:Palestinian Jews 14885:Alexandrian Jews 14841:Crimean Karaites 14758:Unterlander Jews 14711: 14710: 14625:Rabbinic Judaism 14550: 14543: 14536: 14527: 14526: 14412:The Jew in Drama 14400: 14361: 14350: 14344: 14333: 14324: 14318: 14312: 14309: 14303: 14302: 14290: 14284: 14283: 14275: 14269: 14268: 14266: 14264: 14237: 14231: 14230: 14228: 14226: 14217:. 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Archived from 12049: 12043: 12042: 12010: 12004: 12000: 11994: 11993: 11985: 11979: 11978: 11976: 11974: 11965:. Archived from 11955: 11949: 11948: 11946: 11944: 11930: 11924: 11923: 11921: 11919: 11905: 11899: 11898: 11887: 11881: 11880: 11868: 11862: 11861: 11849: 11843: 11842: 11830: 11824: 11823: 11811: 11805: 11804: 11802: 11800: 11786: 11780: 11764: 11758: 11757: 11755: 11753: 11739: 11733: 11722: 11716: 11715: 11713: 11711: 11695: 11689: 11688: 11686: 11684: 11673: 11667: 11660: 11654: 11647: 11641: 11640: 11638: 11636: 11625: 11619: 11618: 11613:. Archived from 11602: 11596: 11595: 11587: 11581: 11580: 11578: 11576: 11553: 11547: 11544: 11538: 11535: 11529: 11522: 11513: 11512: 11510: 11508: 11499:. Archived from 11489: 11483: 11470: 11464: 11438: 11432: 11425: 11419: 11409: 11403: 11389: 11325: 11320: 11319: 11311: 11306: 11305: 11304: 11269:Second World War 11177:Eastern European 11148:Sephardic Jewish 11001:Hey Good Lookin' 10956:C. H. Greenblatt 10609:, co-creator of 10508:, and the teams 10434:Detective Comics 10330: 10321: 10296: 10289: 10233: 10230:Étienne B. Weill 10224: 10215: 10206: 10197: 10188: 10179: 10176:Camille Pissarro 10172: 10171: 10048:Pedro Friedeberg 9946:centered in the 9836:Nuremberg Mahzor 9675:Gianmarco Soresi 9589: 9582: 9578: 9575: 9569: 9545: 9544: 9537: 9510:Jewish diasporic 9480:Barbra Streisand 9387: 9378: 9369: 9351: 9342: 9333: 9324: 9312: 9303: 9294: 9291:Anton Rubinstein 9285: 9276: 9267: 9258: 9249: 9242: 9241: 9228:The Eternal Road 9190:Kaddish Symphony 9139:, and the later 9137:Fromental Halévy 9117:Mario Davidovsky 9105:Alfred Schnittke 8981:Fromental Halevy 8774:Will & Grace 8737:, co-creator of 8717:, co-creator of 8707:, co-creator of 8670:Prisoners of War 8651:, co-creator of 8641:, co-creator of 8628:Sex and the City 8414:(1991–1993) and 8304:Yiddish language 8296:William S. Paley 8231:Barbra Streisand 8198:Steven Spielberg 8129:Lang ist der Weg 8056:His Wife's Lover 8035:Cinema of Israel 7852:Avraham Shlonsky 7779:in 17th-century 7594:Finian's Rainbow 7530:Stephen Schwartz 7522:Stephen Sondheim 7518:Lerner and Loewe 7460:Florenz Ziegfeld 7412:Fromental Halévy 7146:European theatre 7125:Solomon Mikhoels 7062:Yiddish-language 7001: 6994: 6938: 6929: 6920: 6911: 6902: 6893: 6884: 6875: 6868: 6867: 6813:Abraham ibn Ezra 6774:Musar literature 6722:Darkness at Noon 6707:Shel Silverstein 6469:Hebrew Book Week 6454:Hebrew Book Week 6426:Mordecai Richler 6329:. The Bible was 6227: 6218: 6209: 6206:John von Neumann 6200: 6163: 6151: 6142: 6133: 6124: 6117: 6116: 6106:and founders of 6012:Mikhail Gurevich 5993:Siegfried Marcus 5964:Joseph Greenberg 5852:Elie Metchnikoff 5848:Neurotransmitter 5756:Bayesian network 5720:Grigory Margulis 5712:Laurent Schwartz 5692:Rudolf Lipschitz 5620:Electromagnetism 5565:abstract algebra 5501:John von Neumann 5451:free association 5405:Julian Schwinger 5397:London equations 5337:radio astronomer 5310:Victor Weisskopf 5210:Georges Lemaître 5104:Abraham ibn Ezra 4931:computer science 4908:Hebrew astronomy 4857:Heliot de Vesoul 4853:Ezmel de Ablitas 4849:Aaron of Lincoln 4706:Jewish education 4675: 4646: 4637: 4628: 4619: 4610: 4552: 4543: 4535:(1135/1138–1204) 4534: 4525: 4516: 4509: 4508: 4464:Emmanuel Levinas 4440:Nachman Krochmal 4388:Moses Maimonides 4269:Bahya ibn Paquda 4265:Nissim of Gerona 4261:Abraham ibn Daud 4237:Abraham ibn Ezra 4227:of Judaism. The 4221:Emunoth ve-Deoth 4156:Greek philosophy 4050:Workmen's Circle 3989:Orthodox Judaism 3910:movement), many 3876:Jewish community 3733: 3726: 3719: 2942:Ten Commandments 2469: 2446: 2445: 2436: 2429: 2422: 2285: 2284: 2166: 1987: 1981: 1962: 1926: 1925: 1873: 1820:New Zealand 1772: 1735:El Salvador 1725: 1657:Northern America 1649: 1243: 999: 998: 910:Crimean Karaites 806: 805: 784: 782: 703: 701: 693: 687: 678: 666:Rabbinic Judaism 647: 641: 635: 623: 611: 577: 570:Maccabean Revolt 547: 540: 534: 526: 519: 513: 505: 487: 411: 410: 385: 280: 279: 212: 200: 99: 98: 74: 67: 63: 60: 54: 49:this article by 40:inline citations 27: 26: 19: 18824: 18823: 18819: 18818: 18817: 18815: 18814: 18813: 18789: 18788: 18787: 18782: 18748:UKUSA Agreement 18688:Lublin Triangle 18573:Baltic Assembly 18525: 18519: 18437: 18274: 18109: 17979:Eurolinguistics 17848: 17837:Information age 17810:Interwar period 17677: 17597: 17588: 17558: 17553: 17502: 17493:Western culture 17488:Welfare culture 17413:Eastern culture 17274:Cultural mosaic 17229:Cultural critic 17219:Cultural center 17167: 17141:Cultural Hindus 17087: 17078:Polyculturalism 17051:Monoculturalism 17026:Culture of fear 16996:Cultural safety 16991:Cultural rights 16971:Cultural racism 16966:Cultural policy 16844: 16750:Cultural system 16725:Cultural memory 16658:Cultural cringe 16584: 16516:Popular culture 16447: 16383:Cultural values 16304: 16253: 16239: 16234: 16204: 16199: 16188: 16186: 16158: 15984: 15849: 15721: 15595: 15489: 15304:Judeo-Borujerdi 15279:Judeo-Malayalam 15225:Judeo-Aragonese 15196:Lishanid Noshan 15028: 15016: 14748:Oberlander Jews 14709: 14639: 14581: 14563: 14554: 14511:Wayback Machine 14499:Wayback Machine 14463: 14407: 14405:Further reading 14389: 14370: 14365: 14364: 14351: 14347: 14334: 14327: 14319: 14315: 14310: 14306: 14291: 14287: 14276: 14272: 14262: 14260: 14241:Zeldes, Leah A. 14238: 14234: 14224: 14222: 14215:Moment Magazine 14207: 14203: 14188: 14184: 14175: 14171: 14161: 14159: 14149: 14145: 14135: 14133: 14126:ralphbakshi.com 14120: 14119: 14115: 14105: 14103: 14090: 14089: 14085: 14075: 14073: 14061: 14057: 14045: 14044: 14035: 14034: 14027: 14025: 14015: 14011: 14001: 13999: 13989: 13985: 13975: 13973: 13962: 13958: 13949: 13948: 13944: 13939: 13935: 13930: 13926: 13916: 13914: 13904: 13900: 13890: 13888: 13878: 13874: 13864: 13862: 13860: 13844: 13840: 13830: 13828: 13815: 13814: 13810: 13800: 13798: 13788: 13784: 13774: 13772: 13770: 13754: 13745: 13735: 13733: 13726:The Independent 13716: 13712: 13706:Wayback Machine 13696: 13692: 13680: 13676: 13666: 13664: 13657: 13653: 13648: 13644: 13634: 13632: 13625: 13621: 13613: 13609: 13599: 13597: 13588: 13587: 13583: 13577:Wayback Machine 13567: 13563: 13553: 13551: 13538: 13537: 13533: 13524: 13520: 13511: 13507: 13501:Wayback Machine 13491: 13487: 13478: 13474: 13468:Wayback Machine 13458: 13454: 13444: 13442: 13441:. June 27, 2002 13433: 13432: 13428: 13417: 13413: 13403: 13401: 13366: 13362: 13354: 13350: 13344:Wayback Machine 13335: 13331: 13318: 13314: 13304: 13302: 13294: 13293: 13289: 13280: 13276: 13268: 13264: 13258: 13244: 13240: 13235: 13224: 13219: 13215: 13210: 13201: 13191:Wayback Machine 13174: 13170: 13156:Wayback Machine 13147:Orna Ben-Meir, 13146: 13142: 13137:Wayback Machine 13125: 13121: 13104: 13100: 13094:Wayback Machine 13084: 13080: 13065: 13061: 13046: 13042: 13032: 13028: 13018:Wayback Machine 13008: 13004: 12994:Wayback Machine 12984: 12980: 12974:Wayback Machine 12964: 12960: 12948:Wayback Machine 12938: 12934: 12928:Wayback Machine 12919: 12915: 12899: 12895: 12885:Wayback Machine 12875: 12871: 12865:Brandeis Review 12857:Musical Theater 12854: 12850: 12840: 12838: 12829: 12828: 12824: 12812:Suzanne Weiss, 12811: 12807: 12790: 12786: 12780:Wayback Machine 12771: 12767: 12758: 12754: 12747: 12731: 12727: 12712: 12708: 12698: 12696: 12688:Game of Thrones 12682: 12678: 12668: 12666: 12651: 12647: 12637: 12635: 12625:Game of Thrones 12619: 12615: 12605: 12603: 12602:on June 9, 2012 12595:Gulf Daily News 12588: 12587: 12583: 12573: 12571: 12563: 12562: 12558: 12548: 12546: 12542: 12541: 12537: 12523: 12493: 12489: 12483:Alexandrov 1981 12481: 12477: 12471: 12467: 12459: 12455: 12445: 12443: 12428: 12424: 12414: 12412: 12399: 12395: 12353: 12349: 12340: 12336: 12327: 12323: 12318: 12314: 12298: 12297: 12290: 12288: 12283: 12282: 12278: 12268: 12266: 12251: 12244: 12234: 12232: 12217: 12210: 12200: 12198: 12183: 12176: 12166: 12164: 12151: 12150: 12146: 12136: 12134: 12123: 12119: 12112: 12096: 12092: 12083: 12076: 12066: 12064: 12051: 12050: 12046: 12031:10.2307/2403292 12011: 12007: 12001: 11997: 11986: 11982: 11972: 11970: 11957: 11956: 11952: 11942: 11940: 11932: 11931: 11927: 11917: 11915: 11907: 11906: 11902: 11889: 11888: 11884: 11869: 11865: 11850: 11846: 11831: 11827: 11812: 11808: 11798: 11796: 11788: 11787: 11783: 11765: 11761: 11751: 11749: 11741: 11740: 11736: 11723: 11719: 11709: 11707: 11697: 11696: 11692: 11682: 11680: 11675: 11674: 11670: 11661: 11657: 11648: 11644: 11634: 11632: 11627: 11626: 11622: 11603: 11599: 11588: 11584: 11574: 11572: 11554: 11550: 11545: 11541: 11536: 11532: 11523: 11516: 11506: 11504: 11503:on May 10, 2006 11491: 11490: 11486: 11480:Wayback Machine 11471: 11467: 11439: 11435: 11426: 11422: 11410: 11406: 11390: 11386: 11381: 11346:Jewish folklore 11321: 11314: 11307: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11231: 11225: 11193:stuffed cabbage 11161: 11134: 11066:Steven Universe 11042:, animation of 10930:David Hilberman 10897:Françoise Mouly 10811:Harvey Kurtzman 10647:Chris Claremont 10623:Julius Schwartz 10493:Captain America 10401:Harry Donenfeld 10370: 10369: 10368: 10367: 10353:Captain America 10333: 10332: 10331: 10323: 10322: 10311: 10305: 10232: 10223: 10214: 10205: 10203:Alexander Bogen 10196: 10187: 10178: 10143:Garry Winogrand 10120:Louise Nevelson 9984:Adolph Gottlieb 9976:Alexander Bogen 9928:Itzhak Danziger 9705: 9699: 9693: 9687: 9600: 9590: 9579: 9573: 9570: 9559: 9546: 9542: 9535: 9502:Bukharan Jewish 9494: 9488: 9476:Debbie Friedman 9440:Richard Rodgers 9432:George Gershwin 9400: 9311: 9302: 9293: 9284: 9275: 9266: 9257: 9248: 9089:George Gershwin 9053:Ignaz Moscheles 9033:Ferdinand David 8961:Austria-Hungary 8917: 8915:Classical music 8881: 8875: 8869: 8853:David Schwimmer 8845:Alyson Hannigan 8797:William Shatner 8750:Law & Order 8705:Garry Shandling 8687:co-creators of 8685:Sheldon Leonard 8560:Game of Thrones 8527:was created by 8411:Brooklyn Bridge 8375:Jewish diaspora 8355:Walter Winchell 8289:Jewish American 8269: 8045: 8031: 7999:Abram Avdalimov 7984::Шими Дербенди) 7911:Abram Avdalimov 7894: 7888: 7761:Hebrew language 7746: 7719:Lillian Hellman 7653:Lower East Side 7651:was set in the 7648:West Side Story 7378:Sigmund Romberg 7374:Emmerich Kalman 7326:Lower East Side 7309:Laurence Maslon 7275: 7249: 7241:Weimar Republic 7155:Sarah Bernhardt 7148: 7030: 7028:Yiddish theatre 7024: 7022:Yiddish theatre 7019: 6937: 6928: 6919: 6910: 6908:Boris Pasternak 6901: 6892: 6890:Sholem Aleichem 6883: 6874: 6866: 6852:Biblical poetry 6841:Nathan Alterman 6827:, pioneered by 6785:Biblical poetry 6717:Arthur Koestler 6712:The Giving Tree 6494:Sholem Aleichem 6424:, German poet, 6390:Sholem Aleichem 6375:Lower East Side 6327:Gutenberg Bible 6312: 6286: 6278:Main articles: 6276: 6226: 6224:Richard Feynman 6217: 6208: 6199: 6150: 6141: 6139:Albert Einstein 6132: 6123: 6102:co-creators of 6088:Lee Felsenstein 6084:Drip irrigation 6020:Theodore Maiman 5989: 5936:Stanley Milgram 5824:Crystallography 5728:Richard M. Karp 5708:Axiom of choice 5652:Vitaly Ginzburg 5636:Felix Hausdorff 5616:Steven Weinberg 5459:Oedipus complex 5453:and discovered 5447:psychopathology 5381:Richard Feynman 5302:Richard Feynman 5134:Albert Einstein 5118:Judah ibn Verga 5099:Bonet de Lattes 4910: 4904:Jewish medicine 4896: 4882: 4841:excommunication 4794: 4769:, derived from 4763:political right 4722: 4708: 4702: 4645: 4636: 4627: 4618: 4609: 4551: 4542: 4533: 4524: 4515: 4488:Walter Benjamin 4456:Jacques Derrida 4376:Moses Almosnino 4297:Elia del Medigo 4249:Isaac Abravanel 4219:wrote the text 4144:Hellenistic era 4074: 4068: 4060:Main articles: 4058: 3972:Sephardi Jewish 3817:Jewish diaspora 3809:united monarchy 3805: 3791: 3737: 3708: 3690: 3689: 3688: 3668: 3667: 3654: 3653: 3652: 3627: 3626: 3611: 3610: 3609: 3600:Maccabiah Games 3572: 3571: 3556: 3555: 3554: 3524: 3523: 3508: 3507: 3506: 3472:Yiddish theatre 3461: 3460: 3445: 3444: 3443: 3403: 3402: 3387: 3386: 3385: 3360: 3359: 3344: 3343: 3342: 3328:Medieval Hebrew 3238: 3237: 3222: 3221: 3220: 3069:Jewish folklore 2857:Forbidden Fruit 2816: 2815: 2800: 2799: 2798: 2784:Judeo-Malayalam 2592:Lishanid Noshan 2485: 2484: 2440: 2395: 2394: 2282: 2272: 2271: 2262:Judeo-Malayalam 2242:Judaeo-Georgian 2162: 2153: 2143: 2142: 2043:Yiddish theatre 1985: 1923: 1913: 1912: 1871: 1844: 1834: 1833: 1770: 1723: 1647: 1241: 1025:Genetic studies 996: 986: 985: 803: 793: 792: 780: 779: 699: 698: 691: 681: 676: 658:and Middle Ages 656:Rabbinic period 643: 637: 630: 618: 589: 575: 545: 538: 529: 521: 517: 508: 503:in Judaism 500: 485: 408: 398: 397: 277: 267: 266: 210: 198: 143: 75: 64: 58: 55: 45:Please help to 44: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 18822: 18812: 18811: 18806: 18801: 18799:Jewish culture 18784: 18783: 18781: 18780: 18778:Westernization 18775: 18770: 18765: 18760: 18758:Visegrád Group 18755: 18750: 18745: 18740: 18735: 18730: 18725: 18720: 18715: 18710: 18705: 18700: 18698:Nordic Council 18695: 18690: 18685: 18680: 18675: 18670: 18665: 18660: 18655: 18650: 18645: 18640: 18635: 18630: 18625: 18620: 18615: 18610: 18605: 18600: 18595: 18593:Bucharest Nine 18590: 18585: 18580: 18575: 18570: 18565: 18560: 18558:Arctic Council 18555: 18550: 18545: 18540: 18535: 18529: 18527: 18521: 18520: 18518: 18517: 18512: 18507: 18506: 18505: 18500: 18495: 18490: 18485: 18480: 18470: 18465: 18464: 18463: 18453: 18447: 18445: 18439: 18438: 18436: 18435: 18430: 18425: 18424: 18423: 18418: 18413: 18408: 18403: 18402: 18401: 18396: 18391: 18386: 18376: 18371: 18366: 18356: 18355: 18354: 18353: 18352: 18342: 18341: 18340: 18335: 18334: 18333: 18323: 18322: 18321: 18311: 18310: 18309: 18284: 18282: 18276: 18275: 18273: 18272: 18271: 18270: 18260: 18255: 18250: 18249: 18248: 18236: 18235: 18234: 18224: 18219: 18214: 18209: 18204: 18199: 18194: 18193: 18192: 18187: 18177: 18176: 18175: 18168:Existentialism 18165: 18160: 18155: 18150: 18145: 18140: 18135: 18130: 18125: 18119: 18117: 18111: 18110: 18108: 18107: 18106: 18105: 18100: 18095: 18090: 18080: 18079: 18078: 18068: 18067: 18066: 18061: 18051: 18050: 18049: 18039: 18034: 18033: 18032: 18027: 18022: 18012: 18011: 18010: 18000: 17999: 17998: 17988: 17987: 17986: 17981: 17971: 17966: 17961: 17956: 17955: 17954: 17944: 17939: 17938: 17937: 17927: 17926: 17925: 17915: 17914: 17913: 17903: 17898: 17897: 17896: 17886: 17881: 17880: 17879: 17874: 17869: 17858: 17856: 17850: 17849: 17847: 17846: 17845: 17844: 17839: 17829: 17828: 17827: 17822: 17817: 17812: 17807: 17802: 17797: 17792: 17787: 17782: 17777: 17772: 17767: 17762: 17757: 17752: 17747: 17742: 17732: 17727: 17726: 17725: 17720: 17715: 17705: 17704: 17703: 17701:Late antiquity 17693: 17687: 17685: 17679: 17678: 17676: 17675: 17670: 17665: 17660: 17655: 17654: 17653: 17652: 17651: 17646: 17636: 17631: 17626: 17616: 17611: 17605: 17603: 17599: 17598: 17587: 17586: 17579: 17572: 17564: 17555: 17554: 17552: 17551: 17544: 17532: 17520: 17507: 17504: 17503: 17501: 17500: 17495: 17490: 17485: 17480: 17475: 17470: 17465: 17460: 17455: 17450: 17445: 17440: 17435: 17430: 17425: 17420: 17415: 17410: 17405: 17400: 17399: 17398: 17388: 17383: 17378: 17373: 17368: 17363: 17358: 17353: 17348: 17343: 17338: 17333: 17328: 17323: 17318: 17313: 17312: 17311: 17301: 17296: 17291: 17289:Cultural probe 17286: 17281: 17276: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17246: 17241: 17236: 17231: 17226: 17221: 17216: 17214:Cross-cultural 17211: 17209:Coffee culture 17206: 17201: 17196: 17191: 17186: 17181: 17179:Animal culture 17175: 17173: 17169: 17168: 17166: 17165: 17160: 17155: 17154: 17153: 17143: 17138: 17137: 17136: 17131: 17126: 17121: 17116: 17111: 17101: 17095: 17093: 17089: 17088: 17086: 17085: 17083:Transculturism 17080: 17075: 17070: 17065: 17064: 17063: 17053: 17048: 17043: 17038: 17033: 17028: 17023: 17018: 17016:Culture change 17013: 17008: 17003: 16998: 16993: 16988: 16983: 16978: 16973: 16968: 16963: 16958: 16953: 16948: 16943: 16938: 16933: 16928: 16923: 16918: 16913: 16908: 16903: 16898: 16893: 16888: 16883: 16878: 16873: 16868: 16863: 16858: 16852: 16850: 16846: 16845: 16843: 16842: 16840:Visual culture 16837: 16832: 16827: 16822: 16820:Safety culture 16817: 16812: 16807: 16802: 16797: 16792: 16787: 16782: 16777: 16772: 16767: 16762: 16757: 16752: 16747: 16742: 16737: 16732: 16727: 16722: 16717: 16712: 16707: 16702: 16697: 16692: 16687: 16686: 16685: 16675: 16670: 16665: 16660: 16655: 16650: 16645: 16644: 16643: 16641:Cross-cultural 16633: 16628: 16623: 16618: 16613: 16608: 16603: 16598: 16592: 16590: 16586: 16585: 16583: 16582: 16577: 16572: 16567: 16566: 16565: 16560: 16555: 16550: 16545: 16535: 16530: 16525: 16524: 16523: 16513: 16512: 16511: 16501: 16496: 16491: 16486: 16481: 16476: 16471: 16466: 16461: 16455: 16453: 16449: 16448: 16446: 16445: 16440: 16435: 16430: 16425: 16420: 16415: 16410: 16405: 16400: 16395: 16390: 16385: 16380: 16375: 16370: 16365: 16360: 16355: 16350: 16345: 16344: 16343: 16338: 16333: 16328: 16318: 16312: 16310: 16306: 16305: 16303: 16302: 16300:Culture theory 16297: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16277: 16272: 16267: 16261: 16259: 16255: 16254: 16244: 16241: 16240: 16233: 16232: 16225: 16218: 16210: 16201: 16200: 16198: 16197: 16183: 16163: 16160: 16159: 16157: 16156: 16155: 16154: 16153: 16152: 16147: 16142: 16136:non-Christian 16134: 16133: 16132: 16127: 16122: 16117: 16112: 16107: 16092: 16085: 16078: 16073: 16066: 16061: 16056: 16049: 16044: 16039: 16032: 16027: 16026: 16025: 16020: 16015: 16010: 16005: 15994: 15992: 15986: 15985: 15983: 15982: 15977: 15976: 15975: 15970: 15960: 15955: 15950: 15945: 15940: 15939: 15938: 15928: 15927: 15926: 15921: 15911: 15906: 15905: 15904: 15894: 15893: 15892: 15882: 15877: 15876: 15875: 15870: 15859: 15857: 15851: 15850: 15848: 15847: 15842: 15837: 15835:Shulchan Aruch 15832: 15831: 15830: 15825: 15823:Sefer Yetzirah 15820: 15815: 15810: 15805: 15803:Pardes Rimonim 15800: 15793:Kabbalah texts 15790: 15789: 15788: 15783: 15778: 15773: 15763: 15762: 15761: 15756: 15751: 15737: 15731: 15729: 15723: 15722: 15720: 15719: 15714: 15709: 15704: 15699: 15694: 15689: 15684: 15683: 15682: 15677: 15672: 15671: 15670: 15660: 15655: 15650: 15645: 15640: 15639: 15638: 15633: 15632: 15631: 15626: 15605: 15603: 15597: 15596: 15594: 15593: 15588: 15586:Land of Israel 15583: 15582: 15581: 15571: 15566: 15561: 15560: 15559: 15549: 15544: 15539: 15538: 15537: 15527: 15522: 15517: 15512: 15511: 15510: 15499: 15497: 15491: 15490: 15488: 15487: 15482: 15481: 15480: 15479: 15478: 15473: 15472: 15471: 15464: 15462:Judeo-Alsatian 15454: 15453: 15452: 15445: 15440: 15435: 15415: 15410: 15405: 15400: 15395: 15390: 15389: 15388: 15383: 15373: 15368: 15363: 15358: 15353: 15348: 15343: 15338: 15333: 15328: 15327: 15326: 15321: 15316: 15314:Judeo-Hamedani 15311: 15306: 15301: 15291: 15289:Judaeo-Occitan 15286: 15281: 15276: 15271: 15270: 15269: 15259: 15254: 15249: 15248: 15247: 15242: 15237: 15230:Jewish English 15227: 15222: 15221: 15220: 15219: 15218: 15208: 15203: 15198: 15193: 15188: 15183: 15178: 15173: 15168: 15161:Judaeo-Aramaic 15158: 15157: 15156: 15151: 15149:Judeo-Tunisian 15146: 15141: 15139:Judeo-Moroccan 15136: 15135: 15134: 15132:Judeo-Baghdadi 15119: 15114: 15109: 15108: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15087: 15082: 15077: 15072: 15067: 15062: 15057: 15052: 15047: 15036: 15034: 15022: 15021: 15018: 15017: 15015: 15014: 15013: 15012: 15011: 15010: 15000: 14999: 14998: 14988: 14983: 14981:Livornese Jews 14978: 14968: 14963: 14962: 14961: 14951: 14950: 14949: 14948: 14947: 14942: 14937: 14932: 14922: 14917: 14912: 14907: 14902: 14897: 14892: 14887: 14882: 14872: 14871: 14870: 14860: 14855: 14850: 14845: 14844: 14843: 14838: 14828: 14823: 14822: 14821: 14811: 14806: 14801: 14800: 14799: 14794: 14784: 14783: 14782: 14777: 14767: 14766: 14765: 14760: 14755: 14750: 14745: 14740: 14735: 14730: 14728:Afrikaner-Jode 14719: 14717: 14708: 14707: 14702: 14697: 14696: 14695: 14685: 14680: 14675: 14670: 14665: 14660: 14655: 14649: 14647: 14641: 14640: 14638: 14637: 14632: 14627: 14622: 14617: 14612: 14607: 14602: 14597: 14591: 14589: 14583: 14582: 14580: 14579: 14574: 14568: 14565: 14564: 14553: 14552: 14545: 14538: 14530: 14524: 14523: 14521:Gesher Galicia 14518: 14513: 14501: 14489: 14484: 14479: 14474: 14469: 14462: 14461:External links 14459: 14458: 14457: 14450: 14430: 14415: 14406: 14403: 14402: 14401: 14387: 14369: 14366: 14363: 14362: 14345: 14325: 14313: 14304: 14285: 14270: 14253:Dining Chicago 14232: 14201: 14182: 14169: 14143: 14113: 14083: 14055: 14023:willeisner.com 14009: 13983: 13956: 13942: 13933: 13924: 13898: 13872: 13858: 13852:. p. 66. 13838: 13808: 13782: 13768: 13743: 13710: 13690: 13674: 13651: 13642: 13619: 13615:Jewish Artists 13607: 13581: 13561: 13531: 13518: 13505: 13485: 13472: 13452: 13426: 13411: 13380:(2): 167–193. 13360: 13348: 13329: 13312: 13300:www.jmi.org.uk 13287: 13274: 13262: 13256: 13238: 13222: 13213: 13199: 13182:site, credits 13168: 13140: 13119: 13098: 13078: 13059: 13040: 13033:Alan Gomberg, 13026: 13002: 12978: 12958: 12932: 12913: 12893: 12869: 12848: 12822: 12805: 12784: 12765: 12761:New York Times 12752: 12745: 12725: 12706: 12676: 12645: 12613: 12581: 12569:britannica.com 12556: 12535: 12521: 12487: 12485:, p. 100. 12475: 12465: 12453: 12422: 12393: 12347: 12334: 12321: 12312: 12276: 12242: 12208: 12174: 12144: 12117: 12111:978-0743258210 12110: 12090: 12074: 12044: 12025:(3): 901–916. 12005: 11995: 11980: 11950: 11938:www.nature.com 11925: 11913:www.dnaftb.org 11900: 11882: 11863: 11844: 11825: 11806: 11781: 11759: 11734: 11717: 11690: 11668: 11655: 11642: 11620: 11597: 11582: 11548: 11539: 11530: 11514: 11484: 11465: 11433: 11420: 11404: 11383: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11376: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11358: 11353: 11351:Jewish studies 11348: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11327: 11326: 11323:Society portal 11312: 11309:Judaism portal 11296: 11293: 11236:(also spelled 11234:Philo-Semitism 11229:Philo-Semitism 11227:Main article: 11224: 11223:Philo-Semitism 11221: 11217:Jewish cuisine 11165:Middle Eastern 11159:Jewish cuisine 11157:Main article: 11133: 11130: 11032:, founders of 11026:Dave Fleischer 10922:co-creator of 10881:Art Spiegelman 10845:Michael Netzer 10807:William Gaines 10571:, creators of 10511:Fantastic Four 10456:Martin Goodman 10397:Jack Liebowitz 10392:Famous Funnies 10357:Fantastic Four 10335: 10334: 10325: 10324: 10316: 10315: 10314: 10313: 10312: 10304: 10301: 10298: 10297: 10290: 10283: 10274: 10265: 10256: 10247: 10237: 10236: 10227: 10218: 10209: 10200: 10191: 10182: 10159:Sigalit Landau 10124:Herbert Ferber 10087:Wallace Berman 10080:Saul Steinberg 10076:Art Spiegelman 10060:Leonard Baskin 10056:graphic design 10044:Mexican Jewish 10028:Postmodernists 10016:Louis Schanker 10004:Milton Resnick 10000:Barnett Newman 9968:Michel Kikoine 9944:École de Paris 9895:, circa 250 CE 9869:plastic artist 9689:Main article: 9686: 9683: 9655:Julie Klausner 9635:Sammy Davis Jr 9627:Jerry Seinfeld 9596:Main article: 9592: 9591: 9556:of the subject 9554:worldwide view 9549: 9547: 9540: 9534: 9531: 9514:Ashkenazi Jews 9490:Main article: 9487: 9484: 9420:jazz standards 9399: 9396: 9390: 9389: 9380: 9371: 9362: 9353: 9344: 9335: 9326: 9316: 9315: 9306: 9297: 9288: 9279: 9270: 9261: 9252: 9169:Symphony No. 1 9097:Darius Milhaud 9081:Czech Republic 9073:Viktor Ullmann 9071:from Germany, 9063:from Austria, 9049:Jascha Heifetz 9029:Joseph Joachim 9025:Giuditta Pasta 8985:Josef Dessauer 8949:Salamone Rossi 8916: 8913: 8871:Main article: 8868: 8865: 8817:David Duchovny 8735:Steven Levitan 8720:The Cosby Show 8715:Ed. Weinberger 8639:Aaron Spelling 8615:co-creator of 8595:, creators of 8593:Marta Kauffman 8575:Damon Lindelof 8567:co-creator of 8557:, creators of 8537:Matthew Weiner 8480:Lorne Michaels 8470:Jerry Seinfeld 8367:Michael Savage 8359:David Susskind 8339:Jerry Seinfeld 8268: 8265: 8186:Michael Eisner 8158:Louis B. Mayer 8154:Samuel Goldwyn 8087:Yidl Mitn Fidl 8030: 8027: 7890:Main article: 7887: 7884: 7880:Cameri Theatre 7860:A. B. Yehoshua 7856:Yehoshua Sobol 7836:Ephraim Kishon 7824:Natan Alterman 7792:European plays 7765:Jewish-Italian 7753:Habima theater 7745: 7742: 7703:Shubert family 7699:Jerome Robbins 7687:Mandy Patinkin 7606:The King and I 7588:Porgy and Bess 7548:and Broadway, 7534:Kander and Ebb 7502:Morrie Ryskind 7408:Ludovic Halévy 7248: 7245: 7228:pro-republican 7220:Carl Zuckmayer 7208:Erwin Piscator 7196:Carl Sternheim 7190:, writes that 7147: 7144: 7100:New York Times 7026:Main article: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7012: 7011: 7002: 6995: 6988: 6979: 6970: 6961: 6952: 6942: 6941: 6935:Allen Ginsberg 6932: 6923: 6914: 6905: 6896: 6887: 6881:Heinrich Heine 6878: 6876:(c. 1075–1141) 6809:Moses ibn Ezra 6655:Michael Chabon 6645:J. D. Salinger 6599:author of the 6586:Ernst Lubitsch 6550:Heinrich Heine 6546:David Grossman 6534:Yehuda Amichai 6440:, whose novel 6422:Heinrich Heine 6406:Allen Ginsberg 6275: 6272: 6269: 6268: 6259: 6250: 6241: 6231: 6230: 6221: 6212: 6203: 6193: 6192: 6183: 6174: 6165: 6155: 6154: 6145: 6136: 6127: 6121:Garcia de Orta 6090:– designer of 6046:- inventor of 6038:– inventor of 6001:Emile Berliner 5976:Erving Goffman 5968:Theodor Adorno 5956:Roman Jakobson 5908:Polio vaccines 5862:(discovery of 5860:Selman Waksman 5854:(discovery of 5840:Julius Axelrod 5672:Boris Podolsky 5664:Yakir Aharonov 5612:Heinrich Hertz 5606:space launcher 5583:. In physics, 5547:and worked on 5513:ergodic theory 5443:psychoanalysis 5401:Walter Heitler 5377:Wolfgang Pauli 5314:Joseph Rotblat 5286:Atomic nucleus 5278:Stanislaw Ulam 5218:nuclear energy 5079:Garcia de Orta 5020:Abraham Zacuto 4990:Leviticus 14:3 4970:physical world 4881: 4878: 4817:Roman Catholic 4793: 4790: 4742:labor movement 4738:political left 4704:Main article: 4701: 4698: 4695: 4694: 4685: 4676: 4669: 4660: 4650: 4649: 4640: 4631: 4622: 4613: 4603: 4602: 4593: 4584: 4575: 4566: 4556: 4555: 4546: 4540:Baruch Spinoza 4537: 4528: 4519: 4408:Salomon Maimon 4368:Uriel da Costa 4364:Jacob Abendana 4352:Tzvi Ashkenazi 4324:Baruch Spinoza 4281:Hasdai Crescas 4233:Moses ibn Ezra 4165:Church Fathers 4137:Book of Wisdom 4093:Jewish history 4057: 4054: 4007:Passover Seder 3995:, head of the 3985:" 'am yisrael" 3872:Ottoman Empire 3821:Ashkenazi Jews 3803:Jewish history 3801:Main article: 3790: 3787: 3783:secular Jewish 3779:secularization 3755:Jewish culture 3739: 3738: 3736: 3735: 3728: 3721: 3713: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3706: 3701: 3699:Portal:Judaism 3695: 3692: 3691: 3687: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3670: 3669: 3666: 3665: 3661: 3660: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3625: 3624: 3618: 3617: 3616: 3613: 3612: 3608: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3591: 3590: 3585: 3574: 3573: 3570: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3552: 3547: 3545:Mathematicians 3542: 3537: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3515: 3514: 3513: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3452: 3451: 3450: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3405: 3404: 3401: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3392: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3349: 3346: 3345: 3341: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3292: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3236: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3227: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3065: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2887:Tower of Babel 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2847:Garden of Eden 2844: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2814: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2805: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2715: 2714: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2693: 2692: 2687: 2677: 2663: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2645:Judeo-Moroccan 2642: 2641: 2640: 2638:Judeo-Baghdadi 2622: 2621: 2620: 2619: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2556: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2487: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2476: 2475: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2462: 2461: 2459:Jewish culture 2455: 2454: 2442: 2441: 2439: 2438: 2431: 2424: 2416: 2413: 2412: 2411: 2410: 2405: 2397: 2396: 2391: 2390: 2389: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2340: 2339: 2333: 2332: 2331: 2330: 2325: 2323:Territorialism 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2292: 2291: 2283: 2278: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2207:Judaeo-Spanish 2204: 2202:Judaeo-Iranian 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2154: 2149: 2148: 2145: 2144: 2139: 2138: 2137: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2118: 2117: 2111: 2110: 2109: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2065: 2064: 2058: 2057: 2056: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2032: 2031: 2025: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2017: 2009: 2008: 2002: 2001: 2000: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1982: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1931: 1930: 1924: 1919: 1918: 1915: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1845: 1840: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1830: 1829: 1828: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1799: 1798: 1792: 1791: 1790: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1687: 1686: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1659: 1658: 1654: 1653: 1652: 1651: 1648:United Kingdom 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1496: 1495: 1489: 1488: 1487: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1288: 1287: 1283: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1081:Bilad-el-Sudan 1078: 1073: 1065: 1064: 1058: 1057: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1037: 1036: 1034:Land of Israel 1030: 1029: 1028: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 997: 992: 991: 988: 987: 982: 981: 980: 979: 974: 969: 964: 963: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 894: 893: 892:Related groups 889: 888: 887: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 825: 824: 819: 804: 799: 798: 795: 794: 789: 788: 787: 786: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 749:Jewish atheism 746: 741: 736: 728: 727: 723: 722: 721: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700:Islamic–Jewish 695: 688: 673: 668: 660: 659: 652: 651: 650: 649: 625: 612: 584: 579: 572: 567: 565:Yehud Medinata 559: 558: 552: 551: 550: 549: 542: 535: 527: 514: 506: 494: 489: 482: 474: 473: 471:Ancient Israel 467: 466: 465: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 429: 427:Land of Israel 424: 416: 415: 409: 404: 403: 400: 399: 394: 393: 392: 391: 386: 382:Shulchan Aruch 377: 372: 367: 362: 354: 353: 352: 351: 346: 338: 337: 331: 330: 329: 328: 323: 315: 314: 308: 307: 306: 305: 300: 295: 287: 286: 278: 273: 272: 269: 268: 265: 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 207: 202: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 160: 155: 148:God in Judaism 144: 139: 138: 135: 134: 133: 132: 127: 119: 118: 108: 107: 77: 76: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 18821: 18810: 18807: 18805: 18802: 18800: 18797: 18796: 18794: 18779: 18776: 18774: 18771: 18769: 18766: 18764: 18761: 18759: 18756: 18754: 18751: 18749: 18746: 18744: 18741: 18739: 18736: 18734: 18731: 18729: 18726: 18724: 18723:PROSUR/PROSUL 18721: 18719: 18716: 18714: 18711: 18709: 18706: 18704: 18701: 18699: 18696: 18694: 18691: 18689: 18686: 18684: 18681: 18679: 18676: 18674: 18671: 18669: 18666: 18664: 18661: 18659: 18656: 18654: 18651: 18649: 18646: 18644: 18641: 18639: 18636: 18634: 18631: 18629: 18626: 18624: 18621: 18619: 18618:Craiova Group 18616: 18614: 18611: 18609: 18606: 18604: 18601: 18599: 18596: 18594: 18591: 18589: 18586: 18584: 18581: 18579: 18576: 18574: 18571: 18569: 18566: 18564: 18561: 18559: 18556: 18554: 18551: 18549: 18546: 18544: 18541: 18539: 18536: 18534: 18533:ABCANZ Armies 18531: 18530: 18528: 18522: 18516: 18513: 18511: 18508: 18504: 18501: 18499: 18496: 18494: 18491: 18489: 18486: 18484: 18481: 18479: 18476: 18475: 18474: 18471: 18469: 18466: 18462: 18459: 18458: 18457: 18454: 18452: 18449: 18448: 18446: 18444: 18440: 18434: 18431: 18429: 18426: 18422: 18419: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18409: 18407: 18404: 18400: 18397: 18395: 18392: 18390: 18387: 18385: 18382: 18381: 18380: 18377: 18375: 18372: 18370: 18367: 18365: 18362: 18361: 18360: 18357: 18351: 18348: 18347: 18346: 18343: 18339: 18338:Protestantism 18336: 18332: 18329: 18328: 18327: 18324: 18320: 18317: 18316: 18315: 18312: 18308: 18304: 18301: 18300: 18299: 18296: 18295: 18294: 18291: 18290: 18289: 18286: 18285: 18283: 18281: 18277: 18269: 18266: 18265: 18264: 18261: 18259: 18258:Sovereigntism 18256: 18254: 18251: 18247: 18246: 18242: 18241: 18240: 18237: 18233: 18230: 18229: 18228: 18225: 18223: 18220: 18218: 18215: 18213: 18210: 18208: 18205: 18203: 18200: 18198: 18195: 18191: 18188: 18186: 18183: 18182: 18181: 18178: 18174: 18171: 18170: 18169: 18166: 18164: 18161: 18159: 18156: 18154: 18153:Scholasticism 18151: 18149: 18146: 18144: 18141: 18139: 18136: 18134: 18131: 18129: 18126: 18124: 18121: 18120: 18118: 18116: 18112: 18104: 18101: 18099: 18096: 18094: 18091: 18089: 18086: 18085: 18084: 18081: 18077: 18074: 18073: 18072: 18069: 18065: 18062: 18060: 18057: 18056: 18055: 18052: 18048: 18045: 18044: 18043: 18040: 18038: 18035: 18031: 18028: 18026: 18023: 18021: 18018: 18017: 18016: 18013: 18009: 18006: 18005: 18004: 18001: 17997: 17994: 17993: 17992: 17989: 17985: 17982: 17980: 17977: 17976: 17975: 17972: 17970: 17967: 17965: 17962: 17960: 17957: 17953: 17950: 17949: 17948: 17945: 17943: 17940: 17936: 17933: 17932: 17931: 17928: 17924: 17921: 17920: 17919: 17916: 17912: 17909: 17908: 17907: 17904: 17902: 17899: 17895: 17892: 17891: 17890: 17887: 17885: 17882: 17878: 17875: 17873: 17870: 17868: 17865: 17864: 17863: 17860: 17859: 17857: 17855: 17851: 17843: 17842:War on terror 17840: 17838: 17835: 17834: 17833: 17830: 17826: 17823: 17821: 17818: 17816: 17813: 17811: 17808: 17806: 17803: 17801: 17798: 17796: 17793: 17791: 17788: 17786: 17783: 17781: 17778: 17776: 17773: 17771: 17768: 17766: 17763: 17761: 17758: 17756: 17753: 17751: 17748: 17746: 17743: 17741: 17738: 17737: 17736: 17735:Modern period 17733: 17731: 17728: 17724: 17721: 17719: 17716: 17714: 17711: 17710: 17709: 17706: 17702: 17699: 17698: 17697: 17694: 17692: 17689: 17688: 17686: 17684: 17680: 17674: 17671: 17669: 17666: 17664: 17661: 17659: 17656: 17650: 17647: 17645: 17642: 17641: 17640: 17637: 17635: 17632: 17630: 17627: 17625: 17622: 17621: 17620: 17617: 17615: 17612: 17610: 17607: 17606: 17604: 17600: 17596: 17592: 17591:Western world 17585: 17580: 17578: 17573: 17571: 17566: 17565: 17562: 17550: 17549: 17545: 17543: 17542: 17533: 17531: 17530: 17521: 17519: 17518: 17509: 17508: 17505: 17499: 17498:Youth culture 17496: 17494: 17491: 17489: 17486: 17484: 17483:Urban culture 17481: 17479: 17476: 17474: 17471: 17469: 17468:Remix culture 17466: 17464: 17461: 17459: 17456: 17454: 17451: 17449: 17446: 17444: 17443:Media culture 17441: 17439: 17436: 17434: 17433:Languaculture 17431: 17429: 17426: 17424: 17421: 17419: 17416: 17414: 17411: 17409: 17406: 17404: 17401: 17397: 17394: 17393: 17392: 17389: 17387: 17384: 17382: 17379: 17377: 17374: 17372: 17369: 17367: 17364: 17362: 17361:Culture shock 17359: 17357: 17354: 17352: 17349: 17347: 17344: 17342: 17339: 17337: 17334: 17332: 17329: 17327: 17324: 17322: 17321:Cultural turn 17319: 17317: 17314: 17310: 17307: 17306: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17267: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17240: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17220: 17217: 17215: 17212: 17210: 17207: 17205: 17202: 17200: 17197: 17195: 17192: 17190: 17189:Bennett scale 17187: 17185: 17182: 17180: 17177: 17176: 17174: 17170: 17164: 17161: 17159: 17156: 17152: 17149: 17148: 17147: 17144: 17142: 17139: 17135: 17132: 17130: 17127: 17125: 17122: 17120: 17119:Protestantism 17117: 17115: 17112: 17110: 17107: 17106: 17105: 17102: 17100: 17097: 17096: 17094: 17090: 17084: 17081: 17079: 17076: 17074: 17071: 17069: 17066: 17062: 17061:Biculturalism 17059: 17058: 17057: 17054: 17052: 17049: 17047: 17044: 17042: 17039: 17037: 17034: 17032: 17029: 17027: 17024: 17022: 17019: 17017: 17014: 17012: 17009: 17007: 17004: 17002: 16999: 16997: 16994: 16992: 16989: 16987: 16984: 16982: 16979: 16977: 16974: 16972: 16969: 16967: 16964: 16962: 16959: 16957: 16954: 16952: 16949: 16947: 16944: 16942: 16939: 16937: 16934: 16932: 16929: 16927: 16924: 16922: 16919: 16917: 16914: 16912: 16909: 16907: 16904: 16902: 16899: 16897: 16894: 16892: 16889: 16887: 16884: 16882: 16879: 16877: 16874: 16872: 16869: 16867: 16864: 16862: 16859: 16857: 16854: 16853: 16851: 16847: 16841: 16838: 16836: 16833: 16831: 16828: 16826: 16825:Technoculture 16823: 16821: 16818: 16816: 16813: 16811: 16808: 16806: 16805:Print culture 16803: 16801: 16798: 16796: 16793: 16791: 16788: 16786: 16783: 16781: 16778: 16776: 16773: 16771: 16770:Enculturation 16768: 16766: 16763: 16761: 16758: 16756: 16753: 16751: 16748: 16746: 16743: 16741: 16738: 16736: 16733: 16731: 16728: 16726: 16723: 16721: 16718: 16716: 16713: 16711: 16708: 16706: 16703: 16701: 16698: 16696: 16693: 16691: 16690:Cultural icon 16688: 16684: 16681: 16680: 16679: 16676: 16674: 16671: 16669: 16666: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16656: 16654: 16651: 16649: 16646: 16642: 16639: 16638: 16637: 16634: 16632: 16631:Cultural bias 16629: 16627: 16624: 16622: 16619: 16617: 16614: 16612: 16611:Cultural area 16609: 16607: 16604: 16602: 16599: 16597: 16596:Acculturation 16594: 16593: 16591: 16587: 16581: 16578: 16576: 16573: 16571: 16570:Super culture 16568: 16564: 16561: 16559: 16556: 16554: 16551: 16549: 16546: 16544: 16541: 16540: 16539: 16536: 16534: 16531: 16529: 16526: 16522: 16519: 16518: 16517: 16514: 16510: 16507: 16506: 16505: 16502: 16500: 16497: 16495: 16492: 16490: 16487: 16485: 16484:Legal culture 16482: 16480: 16477: 16475: 16472: 16470: 16467: 16465: 16462: 16460: 16457: 16456: 16454: 16450: 16444: 16441: 16439: 16436: 16434: 16433:Sound culture 16431: 16429: 16426: 16424: 16421: 16419: 16416: 16414: 16411: 16409: 16406: 16404: 16401: 16399: 16396: 16394: 16391: 16389: 16386: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16366: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16354: 16351: 16349: 16346: 16342: 16339: 16337: 16334: 16332: 16329: 16327: 16324: 16323: 16322: 16319: 16317: 16314: 16313: 16311: 16307: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16263: 16262: 16260: 16256: 16252: 16242: 16238: 16231: 16226: 16224: 16219: 16217: 16212: 16211: 16208: 16196: 16195: 16184: 16182: 16181: 16172: 16171: 16170: 16166: 16161: 16151: 16148: 16146: 16143: 16141: 16138: 16137: 16135: 16131: 16128: 16126: 16123: 16121: 16120:Protestantism 16118: 16116: 16113: 16111: 16108: 16106: 16103: 16102: 16101: 16098: 16097: 16096: 16093: 16091: 16090: 16086: 16084: 16083: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16071: 16067: 16065: 16062: 16060: 16057: 16055: 16054: 16050: 16048: 16045: 16043: 16040: 16038: 16037: 16033: 16031: 16028: 16024: 16021: 16019: 16016: 16014: 16011: 16009: 16006: 16004: 16001: 16000: 15999: 15996: 15995: 15993: 15991: 15987: 15981: 15978: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15966: 15965: 15964: 15961: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15949: 15946: 15944: 15941: 15937: 15934: 15933: 15932: 15929: 15925: 15922: 15920: 15917: 15916: 15915: 15912: 15910: 15907: 15903: 15900: 15899: 15898: 15895: 15891: 15888: 15887: 15886: 15883: 15881: 15878: 15874: 15871: 15869: 15866: 15865: 15864: 15861: 15860: 15858: 15856: 15852: 15846: 15843: 15841: 15838: 15836: 15833: 15829: 15826: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15808:Sefer HaBahir 15806: 15804: 15801: 15799: 15796: 15795: 15794: 15791: 15787: 15784: 15782: 15779: 15777: 15774: 15772: 15769: 15768: 15767: 15764: 15760: 15757: 15755: 15752: 15750: 15747: 15746: 15745: 15741: 15738: 15736: 15735:Sifrei Kodesh 15733: 15732: 15730: 15728: 15724: 15718: 15715: 15713: 15710: 15708: 15705: 15703: 15700: 15698: 15695: 15693: 15690: 15688: 15685: 15681: 15678: 15676: 15673: 15669: 15666: 15665: 15664: 15661: 15659: 15656: 15654: 15651: 15649: 15646: 15644: 15641: 15637: 15634: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15621: 15620: 15617: 15616: 15615: 15612: 15611: 15610: 15607: 15606: 15604: 15602: 15598: 15592: 15591:Who is a Jew? 15589: 15587: 15584: 15580: 15577: 15576: 15575: 15572: 15570: 15567: 15565: 15562: 15558: 15555: 15554: 15553: 15550: 15548: 15545: 15543: 15540: 15536: 15533: 15532: 15531: 15528: 15526: 15523: 15521: 15520:Chosen people 15518: 15516: 15513: 15509: 15506: 15505: 15504: 15501: 15500: 15498: 15496: 15492: 15486: 15483: 15477: 15476:Scots-Yiddish 15474: 15470: 15469: 15465: 15463: 15460: 15459: 15458: 15455: 15451: 15450: 15449:Klezmer-loshn 15446: 15444: 15441: 15439: 15436: 15434: 15431: 15430: 15429: 15426: 15425: 15424: 15421: 15420: 15419: 15416: 15414: 15411: 15409: 15406: 15404: 15401: 15399: 15396: 15394: 15391: 15387: 15384: 15382: 15379: 15378: 15377: 15374: 15372: 15369: 15367: 15364: 15362: 15359: 15357: 15354: 15352: 15349: 15347: 15344: 15342: 15339: 15337: 15334: 15332: 15329: 15325: 15322: 15320: 15319:Judeo-Shirazi 15317: 15315: 15312: 15310: 15307: 15305: 15302: 15300: 15297: 15296: 15295: 15294:Judeo-Persian 15292: 15290: 15287: 15285: 15284:Judeo-Marathi 15282: 15280: 15277: 15275: 15272: 15268: 15265: 15264: 15263: 15262:Judeo-Italian 15260: 15258: 15255: 15253: 15250: 15246: 15243: 15241: 15238: 15236: 15233: 15232: 15231: 15228: 15226: 15223: 15217: 15214: 15213: 15212: 15209: 15207: 15204: 15202: 15199: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15172: 15169: 15167: 15164: 15163: 15162: 15159: 15155: 15152: 15150: 15147: 15145: 15142: 15140: 15137: 15133: 15130: 15129: 15128: 15125: 15124: 15123: 15120: 15118: 15117:Judeo-Amazigh 15115: 15113: 15110: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15066: 15063: 15061: 15058: 15056: 15053: 15051: 15048: 15046: 15043: 15042: 15041: 15038: 15037: 15035: 15032: 15027: 15023: 15009: 15006: 15005: 15004: 15001: 14997: 14994: 14993: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14973: 14972: 14969: 14967: 14964: 14960: 14957: 14956: 14955: 14952: 14946: 14943: 14941: 14940:Hadhrami Jews 14938: 14936: 14933: 14931: 14928: 14927: 14926: 14923: 14921: 14918: 14916: 14913: 14911: 14908: 14906: 14905:Mountain Jews 14903: 14901: 14900:Egyptian Jews 14898: 14896: 14895:Bukharan Jews 14893: 14891: 14888: 14886: 14883: 14881: 14878: 14877: 14876: 14873: 14869: 14866: 14865: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14854: 14851: 14849: 14846: 14842: 14839: 14837: 14834: 14833: 14832: 14829: 14827: 14824: 14820: 14817: 14816: 14815: 14812: 14810: 14807: 14805: 14802: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14789: 14788: 14785: 14781: 14778: 14776: 14773: 14772: 14771: 14768: 14764: 14761: 14759: 14756: 14754: 14751: 14749: 14746: 14744: 14741: 14739: 14736: 14734: 14731: 14729: 14726: 14725: 14724: 14721: 14720: 14718: 14716: 14712: 14706: 14703: 14701: 14698: 14694: 14691: 14690: 14689: 14686: 14684: 14683:Lists of Jews 14681: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14656: 14654: 14651: 14650: 14648: 14646: 14642: 14636: 14633: 14631: 14628: 14626: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14593: 14592: 14590: 14588: 14584: 14578: 14575: 14573: 14570: 14569: 14566: 14562: 14558: 14551: 14546: 14544: 14539: 14537: 14532: 14531: 14528: 14522: 14519: 14517: 14514: 14512: 14508: 14505: 14502: 14500: 14496: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14475: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14464: 14455: 14451: 14448: 14447:0-385-26557-3 14444: 14440: 14439: 14434: 14431: 14428: 14427:0-9489117-2-7 14424: 14420: 14416: 14413: 14409: 14408: 14398: 14394: 14390: 14384: 14380: 14376: 14372: 14371: 14359: 14355: 14349: 14342: 14338: 14335:Alper, Tim. " 14332: 14330: 14322: 14317: 14308: 14300: 14296: 14289: 14281: 14274: 14258: 14254: 14250: 14248: 14242: 14236: 14220: 14216: 14212: 14205: 14197: 14193: 14186: 14179: 14173: 14158: 14154: 14147: 14136:September 18, 14131: 14127: 14123: 14122:"filmography" 14117: 14101: 14097: 14093: 14087: 14072: 14071: 14066: 14059: 14051: 14039: 14028:September 18, 14024: 14020: 14013: 14002:September 18, 13998: 13994: 13987: 13971: 13967: 13960: 13952: 13946: 13937: 13928: 13913: 13909: 13902: 13887: 13883: 13876: 13861: 13859:9781416598459 13855: 13851: 13850: 13842: 13831:September 18, 13826: 13822: 13818: 13812: 13801:September 18, 13797: 13793: 13786: 13771: 13769:9780313357473 13765: 13761: 13760: 13752: 13750: 13748: 13731: 13727: 13722: 13714: 13707: 13703: 13700: 13694: 13687: 13683: 13678: 13662: 13655: 13646: 13630: 13623: 13616: 13611: 13595: 13591: 13585: 13578: 13574: 13571: 13565: 13554:September 18, 13549: 13545: 13541: 13535: 13528: 13522: 13515: 13509: 13502: 13498: 13495: 13489: 13482: 13476: 13469: 13465: 13462: 13456: 13445:September 18, 13440: 13436: 13430: 13424: 13420: 13415: 13399: 13395: 13391: 13387: 13383: 13379: 13375: 13371: 13364: 13357: 13352: 13345: 13341: 13338: 13333: 13326: 13322: 13316: 13305:September 18, 13301: 13297: 13291: 13284: 13278: 13272: 13266: 13259: 13257:9780375422348 13253: 13249: 13242: 13233: 13231: 13229: 13227: 13217: 13208: 13206: 13204: 13196: 13192: 13188: 13185: 13184:habima.org.il 13181: 13177: 13172: 13165: 13161: 13157: 13153: 13150: 13144: 13138: 13134: 13131: 13130: 13126:Shimon Levy, 13123: 13117: 13113: 13112: 13107: 13102: 13095: 13091: 13088: 13085:Shimon Levy, 13082: 13074: 13073:www.jinfo.org 13070: 13063: 13056: 13055: 13050: 13044: 13038: 13037: 13030: 13023: 13019: 13015: 13012: 13009:Jacob Baron, 13006: 12999: 12995: 12991: 12988: 12982: 12975: 12971: 12968: 12962: 12955: 12954: 12949: 12945: 12942: 12936: 12929: 12925: 12922: 12917: 12910: 12906: 12903: 12897: 12890: 12886: 12882: 12879: 12873: 12866: 12862: 12858: 12852: 12841:September 18, 12836: 12832: 12826: 12819: 12815: 12809: 12802: 12798: 12794: 12788: 12781: 12777: 12774: 12769: 12762: 12756: 12748: 12742: 12738: 12737: 12729: 12721: 12720:www.jinfo.org 12717: 12710: 12695: 12691: 12689: 12680: 12665: 12664: 12659: 12655: 12649: 12634: 12633: 12628: 12626: 12617: 12601: 12597: 12596: 12591: 12585: 12574:September 18, 12570: 12566: 12560: 12545: 12539: 12532: 12528: 12524: 12518: 12514: 12510: 12506: 12502: 12498: 12491: 12484: 12479: 12469: 12462: 12457: 12442: 12441: 12436: 12432: 12426: 12411: 12407: 12403: 12397: 12389: 12385: 12381: 12377: 12373: 12369: 12365: 12361: 12357: 12356:Maiman, T. H. 12351: 12344: 12338: 12331: 12325: 12316: 12308: 12302: 12291:September 18, 12286: 12280: 12264: 12260: 12256: 12249: 12247: 12230: 12226: 12222: 12215: 12213: 12196: 12192: 12188: 12181: 12179: 12167:September 18, 12162: 12158: 12154: 12148: 12132: 12128: 12121: 12113: 12107: 12103: 12102: 12094: 12087: 12081: 12079: 12067:September 18, 12062: 12058: 12054: 12048: 12040: 12036: 12032: 12028: 12024: 12020: 12016: 12009: 11999: 11991: 11984: 11973:September 18, 11968: 11964: 11960: 11954: 11943:September 18, 11939: 11935: 11929: 11918:September 18, 11914: 11910: 11904: 11896: 11892: 11886: 11878: 11874: 11867: 11859: 11855: 11848: 11840: 11839:www.jinfo.org 11836: 11829: 11821: 11817: 11810: 11799:September 18, 11795: 11791: 11785: 11778: 11777: 11773: 11772:public domain 11769: 11763: 11752:September 18, 11748: 11744: 11738: 11731: 11727: 11721: 11706: 11705: 11700: 11694: 11678: 11672: 11665: 11659: 11652: 11646: 11630: 11629:"Mendelssohn" 11624: 11616: 11612: 11608: 11601: 11593: 11586: 11571: 11567: 11563: 11559: 11552: 11543: 11534: 11527: 11521: 11519: 11507:September 18, 11502: 11498: 11497:meitar.org.il 11494: 11488: 11481: 11477: 11474: 11469: 11463: 11461: 11455: 11454:973-98272-2-5 11451: 11447: 11443: 11437: 11430: 11424: 11417: 11413: 11408: 11402:, 2003. p. 3. 11401: 11397: 11393: 11388: 11384: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11363: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11328: 11324: 11318: 11313: 11310: 11299: 11292: 11290: 11286: 11285:Western world 11282: 11278: 11274: 11270: 11266: 11261: 11259: 11255: 11254:their history 11251: 11250:Jewish people 11247: 11246:fetishization 11243: 11239: 11238:philosemitism 11235: 11230: 11220: 11218: 11214: 11210: 11206: 11202: 11198: 11194: 11190: 11186: 11182: 11178: 11174: 11170: 11166: 11160: 11153: 11150:variation of 11149: 11145: 11143: 11138: 11129: 11127: 11126: 11121: 11120: 11116: 11112: 11108: 11103: 11099: 11098: 11093: 11092: 11087: 11086: 11085:Kung Fu Panda 11082: 11078: 11073: 11072: 11067: 11064:, creator of 11063: 11062:Rebecca Sugar 11059: 11058: 11053: 11052: 11047: 11046: 11041: 11040:Max Fleischer 11037: 11036: 11031: 11030:Lou Fleischer 11027: 11023: 11022: 11021:Gravity Falls 11018:, creator of 11017: 11013: 11012: 11007: 11006: 11002: 10998: 10994: 10993:Heavy Traffic 10990: 10986: 10982: 10978: 10977:Fritz the Cat 10973: 10969: 10968: 10963: 10962: 10957: 10953: 10952: 10947: 10943: 10942: 10937: 10936: 10931: 10927: 10926: 10921: 10917: 10916: 10911: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10898: 10894: 10893: 10888: 10887: 10882: 10878: 10877: 10873:, creator of 10872: 10871:Daniel Clowes 10868: 10867: 10863:, creator of 10862: 10861:William Steig 10858: 10854: 10850: 10846: 10842: 10841: 10836: 10835: 10830: 10826: 10822: 10818: 10817: 10812: 10808: 10800: 10799: 10794: 10793: 10788: 10787: 10782: 10778: 10774: 10770: 10768: 10764: 10763: 10759: 10758:graphic novel 10755: 10754: 10749: 10745: 10743: 10739: 10735: 10731: 10730: 10725: 10724: 10719: 10718: 10713: 10712: 10707: 10706: 10701: 10700: 10694: 10692: 10691: 10686: 10685: 10681: 10677: 10673: 10669: 10665: 10661: 10657: 10652: 10648: 10644: 10640: 10636: 10632: 10628: 10624: 10620: 10619: 10614: 10613: 10608: 10604: 10603: 10598: 10597: 10593: 10589: 10585: 10580: 10579: 10575: 10574:Green Lantern 10570: 10569:Martin Nodell 10566: 10562: 10558: 10554: 10550: 10546: 10542: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10529: 10528: 10523: 10522: 10517: 10516: 10512: 10507: 10506: 10502: 10498: 10494: 10490: 10486: 10481: 10477: 10473: 10469: 10465: 10464:Marvel Comics 10461: 10457: 10453: 10452:pulp magazine 10450:In 1939, the 10448: 10446: 10442: 10441: 10440:Action Comics 10436: 10435: 10430: 10429: 10424: 10423: 10419: 10418:Green Lantern 10415: 10411: 10406: 10402: 10398: 10394: 10393: 10388: 10384: 10382: 10378: 10374: 10366: 10362: 10358: 10354: 10350: 10346: 10342: 10338: 10329: 10320: 10310: 10295: 10291: 10288: 10284: 10279: 10275: 10270: 10266: 10261: 10257: 10252: 10248: 10243: 10239: 10238: 10231: 10228: 10222: 10219: 10213: 10210: 10204: 10201: 10195: 10192: 10186: 10183: 10177: 10174: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10167:Michal Rovner 10164: 10160: 10156: 10152: 10148: 10147:Cindy Sherman 10144: 10140: 10139:Helmut Newton 10136: 10132: 10131:André Kertész 10127: 10125: 10121: 10117: 10113: 10109: 10108:Ossip Zadkine 10105: 10104:Jacob Epstein 10101: 10095: 10092: 10088: 10083: 10081: 10077: 10073: 10069: 10065: 10064:Al Hirschfeld 10061: 10057: 10053: 10049: 10045: 10041: 10037: 10036:scenic design 10033: 10029: 10025: 10021: 10017: 10013: 10009: 10005: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9989: 9988:Philip Guston 9985: 9981: 9977: 9973: 9969: 9965: 9961: 9957: 9953: 9952:Chaim Soutine 9949: 9945: 9937: 9936:Israel Museum 9933: 9929: 9925: 9921: 9918: 9914: 9910: 9909:Salomon Adler 9906: 9902: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9882: 9878: 9875:, printed at 9874: 9870: 9866: 9862: 9859:synagogue in 9858: 9854: 9850: 9844: 9841: 9837: 9833: 9829: 9825: 9822: 9818: 9816: 9815:Beit She'arim 9812: 9808: 9804: 9800: 9797:-style floor 9796: 9792: 9784: 9779: 9775: 9773: 9769: 9765: 9761: 9757: 9753: 9752:Mediterranean 9749: 9745: 9741: 9737: 9733: 9729: 9725: 9717: 9713: 9709: 9704: 9698: 9692: 9682: 9680: 9676: 9672: 9668: 9664: 9660: 9656: 9652: 9648: 9644: 9640: 9639:Rachel Dratch 9636: 9632: 9628: 9624: 9620: 9616: 9612: 9604: 9599: 9588: 9585: 9577: 9567: 9563: 9557: 9555: 9548: 9539: 9538: 9530: 9527: 9523: 9519: 9515: 9511: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9483: 9482:and others. 9481: 9477: 9473: 9469: 9465: 9461: 9457: 9453: 9449: 9448:Mizrahi Music 9445: 9444:Irving Berlin 9441: 9437: 9436:Frank Loesser 9433: 9429: 9425: 9421: 9417: 9413: 9404: 9398:Popular music 9395: 9388: 9386: 9381: 9379: 9377: 9372: 9370: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9354: 9352: 9350: 9345: 9343: 9341: 9336: 9334: 9332: 9327: 9325: 9323: 9318: 9317: 9310: 9307: 9301: 9300:Gustav Mahler 9298: 9292: 9289: 9283: 9280: 9274: 9271: 9265: 9262: 9256: 9253: 9247: 9244: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9234: 9233:Hugo Weisgall 9230: 9229: 9224: 9220: 9216: 9212: 9208: 9207: 9202: 9198: 9197: 9192: 9191: 9186: 9182: 9178: 9174: 9170: 9167: 9163: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9149:was based on 9148: 9147: 9142: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9121:Paul Ben-Haim 9118: 9114: 9113:Lalo Schifrin 9111:from Russia, 9110: 9109:Lera Auerbach 9106: 9103:from France, 9102: 9098: 9094: 9093:Aaron Copland 9090: 9086: 9082: 9078: 9074: 9070: 9066: 9062: 9058: 9054: 9050: 9046: 9042: 9038: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9022: 9018: 9014: 9010: 9006: 9002: 8998: 8997:Austrian Jews 8994: 8993:Gustav Mahler 8990: 8989:Karl Goldmark 8986: 8983:from France, 8982: 8978: 8974: 8970: 8966: 8965:German Empire 8962: 8958: 8954: 8953:Claude Daquin 8950: 8946: 8942: 8938: 8934: 8926: 8921: 8912: 8910: 8909:Mizrahi music 8906: 8902: 8898: 8894: 8893:Israeli music 8890: 8889:popular music 8886: 8880: 8874: 8864: 8862: 8858: 8854: 8850: 8846: 8842: 8838: 8834: 8830: 8826: 8822: 8818: 8814: 8810: 8806: 8802: 8801:Leonard Nimoy 8798: 8794: 8790: 8789: 8784: 8783:Edward Kitsis 8780: 8779:Adam Horowitz 8776: 8775: 8770: 8766: 8765:Max Mutchnick 8762: 8761: 8756: 8752: 8751: 8747:, creator of 8746: 8742: 8741: 8740:Modern Family 8736: 8732: 8731: 8727:, creator of 8726: 8722: 8721: 8716: 8712: 8711: 8706: 8702: 8701: 8696: 8692: 8691: 8686: 8682: 8679:is based on; 8678: 8677: 8672: 8671: 8667:, creator of 8666: 8662: 8661: 8656: 8655: 8650: 8646: 8645: 8640: 8636: 8635: 8634:Melrose Place 8630: 8629: 8624: 8620: 8619: 8614: 8613:Sydney Newman 8610: 8609: 8604: 8600: 8599: 8594: 8590: 8586: 8585: 8580: 8576: 8572: 8571: 8566: 8562: 8561: 8556: 8552: 8551:David Benioff 8548: 8547: 8542: 8538: 8534: 8530: 8526: 8522: 8521: 8516: 8515: 8505: 8501: 8499: 8498: 8493: 8489: 8488:Rosie Shuster 8485: 8481: 8477: 8476: 8471: 8467: 8463: 8459: 8455: 8454: 8449: 8445: 8441: 8437: 8433: 8432:Larry Gelbart 8429: 8428:Selma Diamond 8425: 8421: 8417: 8413: 8412: 8407: 8406:The Goldbergs 8403: 8399: 8398: 8397:The Goldbergs 8393: 8388: 8386: 8382: 8381: 8376: 8372: 8368: 8364: 8360: 8356: 8352: 8348: 8344: 8340: 8336: 8335:Billy Crystal 8332: 8328: 8324: 8320: 8316: 8312: 8307: 8305: 8301: 8297: 8293: 8292:David Sarnoff 8290: 8286: 8282: 8273: 8264: 8262: 8258: 8254: 8253: 8248: 8247: 8242: 8238: 8237: 8232: 8228: 8224: 8220: 8219:Marx Brothers 8214: 8209: 8207: 8206:Eric Hobsbawm 8203: 8199: 8195: 8191: 8190:Lew Wasserman 8187: 8183: 8182:Michael Ovitz 8179: 8175: 8171: 8167: 8163: 8159: 8155: 8148: 8143: 8139: 8137: 8136: 8131: 8130: 8125: 8124: 8119: 8118: 8113: 8112: 8107: 8106: 8101: 8100: 8095: 8094: 8089: 8088: 8083: 8082: 8081:Shir Hashirim 8077: 8076: 8070: 8069: 8064: 8063: 8058: 8057: 8052: 8051: 8044: 8040: 8036: 8026: 8022: 8019: 8014: 8012: 8008: 8004: 8003:Dagestan ASSR 8000: 7995: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7983: 7977: 7976:Dagestan ASSR 7972: 7970: 7965: 7963: 7959: 7955: 7950: 7948: 7944: 7940: 7935: 7933: 7929: 7925: 7924:Mountain Jews 7918: 7916: 7912: 7908: 7904: 7898: 7893: 7883: 7881: 7877: 7873: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7845: 7844:Aharon Megged 7841: 7837: 7833: 7832:Leah Goldberg 7829: 7825: 7821: 7816: 7812: 7811:Modern Hebrew 7807: 7805: 7801: 7797: 7793: 7789: 7786: 7782: 7778: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7754: 7750: 7741: 7739: 7734: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7723:Arthur Miller 7720: 7716: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7695:Max Reinhardt 7692: 7691:Harold Prince 7688: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7672: 7671:David Belasco 7668: 7667:Boris Aronson 7663: 7661: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7649: 7644: 7640: 7639: 7634: 7630: 7626: 7625: 7620: 7619: 7614: 7613: 7608: 7607: 7602: 7601: 7600:South Pacific 7596: 7595: 7590: 7589: 7584: 7583: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7566: 7562: 7557: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7543: 7539: 7535: 7531: 7527: 7523: 7519: 7515: 7514:Frank Loesser 7511: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7475: 7474:Lee Strasberg 7471: 7467: 7465: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7448:Sophie Tucker 7445: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7405: 7404:Opéra comique 7401: 7400: 7395: 7391: 7387: 7383: 7379: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7358:Edmund Eysler 7355: 7351: 7347: 7341: 7337: 7335: 7331: 7327: 7323: 7319: 7315: 7310: 7306: 7301: 7297: 7293: 7289: 7285: 7281: 7274: 7270: 7262: 7261:Helen Tamiris 7259:(middle) and 7258: 7257:Irving Berlin 7253: 7244: 7242: 7238: 7231: 7229: 7225: 7224:Max Reinhardt 7221: 7217: 7216:Ferenc Molnár 7213: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7197: 7191: 7189: 7188:Fin de siècle 7185: 7181: 7177: 7172: 7168: 7164: 7156: 7152: 7143: 7141: 7136: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7117: 7113: 7111: 7110:Second Avenue 7107: 7102: 7101: 7095: 7093: 7089: 7088: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7067: 7063: 7059: 7055: 7048: 7044: 7043: 7038: 7034: 7029: 7007: 7003: 7000: 6996: 6993: 6989: 6984: 6980: 6975: 6971: 6966: 6962: 6957: 6953: 6948: 6944: 6943: 6936: 6933: 6927: 6924: 6918: 6915: 6909: 6906: 6900: 6897: 6891: 6888: 6882: 6879: 6873: 6872:Yehuda Halevi 6870: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6848: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6834: 6830: 6826: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6797:Yehuda Halevi 6794: 6790: 6786: 6782: 6781:Hebrew poetry 6778: 6776: 6775: 6769: 6767: 6762: 6760: 6759: 6754: 6750: 6749:Maurice Druon 6746: 6745: 6740: 6739: 6734: 6730: 6729: 6724: 6723: 6718: 6714: 6713: 6708: 6704: 6703: 6698: 6694: 6693: 6688: 6687: 6682: 6681:Arthur Miller 6678: 6677: 6672: 6671:Marcel Proust 6668: 6667: 6662: 6661: 6656: 6652: 6651: 6646: 6642: 6641: 6636: 6632: 6631: 6626: 6625:Joseph Heller 6622: 6621: 6616: 6615: 6610: 6609: 6604: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6566:Jacob Epstein 6563: 6559: 6555: 6554:Gustav Mahler 6551: 6547: 6543: 6542:A.B. Yehoshua 6539: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6526:Isaiah Berlin 6523: 6519: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6503: 6499: 6495: 6490: 6486: 6485:Yaakov Malkin 6482: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6459: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6445: 6444: 6439: 6438:Harry Mulisch 6435: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6418: 6413: 6412: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6382: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6360: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6340: 6339:Classical era 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6318: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6285: 6284:Jewish poetry 6281: 6264: 6260: 6255: 6251: 6246: 6242: 6237: 6233: 6232: 6225: 6222: 6216: 6213: 6207: 6204: 6198: 6195: 6194: 6188: 6184: 6179: 6175: 6170: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6157: 6156: 6149: 6146: 6140: 6137: 6131: 6130:Sigmund Freud 6128: 6125:(1501/2–1568) 6122: 6119: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6112:Ralph H. Baer 6109: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6076:Ballpoint pen 6073: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6058:- creator of 6057: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6037: 6036:Edwin H. Land 6033: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5988: 5983: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5972:Nathan Glazer 5969: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5932:Viktor Frankl 5929: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5876:Carl Djerassi 5873: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5832:Dan Shechtman 5829: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5816:nucleic acids 5813: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5796:Melvin Calvin 5793: 5789: 5785: 5784:Sidney Altman 5781: 5780:Jacobi symbol 5777: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5684:Moshe Carmeli 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5644:Edward Witten 5641: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5605: 5600: 5596: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5529:hydrodynamics 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5495: 5490: 5486: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5439:Sigmund Freud 5434:Frued in 1926 5432: 5428: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5415:a pioneer in 5414: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5349:Robert Herman 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5317: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5282:Eugene Wigner 5279: 5275: 5274: 5273:hydrogen bomb 5268: 5267:Edward Teller 5264: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5178:neutron stars 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5129: 5128: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5112:named after, 5111: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5084: 5080: 5073: 5068: 5064: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5036:Vasco da Gama 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5016: 5014: 5011:) and birds ( 5010: 5006: 5002: 5001:Intercropping 4998: 4993: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4946: 4942: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4877: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4862: 4859:in Provence, 4858: 4854: 4850: 4844: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4806: 4802: 4801:David Ricardo 4798: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4755: 4754:Hannah Arendt 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4730: 4726: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4707: 4690: 4686: 4681: 4677: 4674: 4670: 4665: 4661: 4656: 4652: 4651: 4644: 4641: 4635: 4634:Hannah Arendt 4632: 4626: 4623: 4617: 4614: 4608: 4605: 4604: 4598: 4594: 4589: 4585: 4580: 4576: 4571: 4567: 4562: 4558: 4557: 4550: 4547: 4541: 4538: 4532: 4529: 4523: 4520: 4514: 4511: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4504:Henri Bergson 4501: 4500:Isaiah Berlin 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4476:Alfred Tarski 4473: 4472:Hilary Putnam 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4436:Samuel Hirsch 4433: 4429: 4425: 4424:Hermann Cohen 4421: 4417: 4413: 4412:Isaac Satanow 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4392:German Jewish 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4360:Isaac Cardoso 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4340:Enlightenment 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4312: 4308: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4245:Yehuda Halevi 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4191: 4190: 4184: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4140: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4100: 4098: 4094: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4073: 4067: 4063: 4053: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4026: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4015:Yaakov Malkin 4011: 4010: 4008: 4000: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3954:The Holocaust 3951: 3947: 3943: 3938: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3917: 3916:" 'am yehudi" 3913: 3909: 3905: 3904:Enlightenment 3901: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3890: 3885: 3881: 3880:ghettoization 3877: 3873: 3869: 3864: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3829:Sephardi Jews 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3811:. Since then 3810: 3804: 3795: 3786: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3767:ethnoreligion 3764: 3760: 3759:Jewish people 3756: 3750: 3745: 3734: 3729: 3727: 3722: 3720: 3715: 3714: 3712: 3711: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3693: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3671: 3664:Other aspects 3663: 3662: 3658: 3657: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3615: 3614: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3580: 3579: 3576: 3575: 3568: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3559: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3520: 3517: 3516: 3512: 3511: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3457: 3454: 3453: 3449: 3448: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3406: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3391: 3390: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3363: 3356: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3347: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3333:Modern Hebrew 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3300: 3299: 3298: 3297: 3296:Jewish poetry 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3241: 3234: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3225: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3073: 3072: 3071: 3070: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2902:Cain and Abel 2900: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2877:Gog and Magog 2875: 2873: 2872:Promised Land 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2819: 2812: 2809: 2808: 2804: 2803: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2774:Judeo-Marathi 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2713: 2710: 2709: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2671: 2670: 2669: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2639: 2636: 2635: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2627: 2618: 2615: 2614: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2564: 2563: 2562: 2561: 2560:Judeo-Aramaic 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2494: 2493: 2492: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2447: 2437: 2432: 2430: 2425: 2423: 2418: 2417: 2415: 2414: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2400: 2399: 2398: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2342: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2334: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2295: 2294: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2275: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2247:Judeo-Aramaic 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2237:Judeo-Italian 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2217:Ghardaïa Sign 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2165: 2161: 2160: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2152: 2147: 2146: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2120: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2003: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1933: 1932: 1928: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1916: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1869: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1842:Denominations 1838: 1837: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1802: 1801: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1793: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1670:United States 1668: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1285: 1284: 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16418:Postcritique 16185: 16178: 16164: 16087: 16080: 16068: 16051: 16034: 15868:perspectives 15854: 15702:Samaritanism 15663:Neo-Hasidism 15643:Conservative 15557:Names of God 15466: 15447: 15257:Judaeo-Greek 15252:Judeo-Gascon 15191:Lishán Didán 15186:Lishana Deni 15154:Judeo-Yemeni 15122:Judeo-Arabic 14996:Meshuchrarim 14915:Persian Jews 14848:Kurdish Jews 14826:Kaifeng Jews 14775:Beta Abraham 14738:Galitzianers 14693:Antisemitism 14668:Israeli Jews 14653:Assimilation 14453: 14436: 14433:Gabler, Neal 14418: 14411: 14378: 14357: 14348: 14340: 14320: 14316: 14307: 14298: 14288: 14279: 14278:Marks, Gil. 14273: 14263:September 1, 14261:. 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Retrieved 11501:the original 11496: 11493:"Meitar.org" 11487: 11468: 11457: 11445: 11436: 11428: 11423: 11415: 11412:Biale, David 11407: 11395: 11387: 11360: 11262: 11241: 11237: 11232: 11213:Matzah balls 11162: 11140: 11123: 11107:Looney Tunes 11105: 11097:Warner Bros. 11095: 11089: 11075: 11069: 11055: 11049: 11043: 11033: 11019: 11009: 11005:Fire and Ice 10975: 10972:Ralph Bakshi 10967:Harvey Beaks 10965: 10959: 10951:Looney Tunes 10949: 10946:Friz Freleng 10939: 10933: 10923: 10915:Samurai Jack 10913: 10907: 10901: 10890: 10884: 10874: 10864: 10838: 10832: 10825:Al Feldstein 10814: 10804: 10798:Fire and Ice 10796: 10795:(1978), and 10790: 10784: 10777:Ralph Bakshi 10767:Eisner Award 10760: 10751: 10746: 10734:Al Feldstein 10727: 10721: 10715: 10709: 10703: 10697: 10695: 10688: 10654: 10631:Jenette Kahn 10616: 10610: 10600: 10582: 10572: 10549:Jerry Siegel 10538: 10532: 10527:S.H.I.E.L.D. 10525: 10519: 10509: 10483: 10476:Larry Lieber 10449: 10438: 10432: 10428:Wonder Woman 10426: 10408: 10390: 10385: 10371: 10349:The Avengers 10212:Marc Chagall 10194:Diego Rivera 10151:Steve Lehman 10135:Robert Frank 10128: 10096: 10084: 10032:Russian Jews 10008:Jack Tworkov 9960:Jules Pascin 9956:Marc Chagall 9948:Montparnasse 9941: 9931: 9905:Emancipation 9900: 9898: 9846: 9819: 9788: 9742:and the two 9723: 9721: 9711: 9671:Groucho Marx 9663:Andy Samberg 9647:Ilana Glazer 9611:Jewish humor 9609: 9598:Jewish humor 9580: 9571: 9551: 9507: 9492:Jewish dance 9460:Avior Malasa 9424:Harold Arlen 9414:of American 9409: 9393: 9382: 9373: 9364: 9346: 9337: 9328: 9319: 9309:Clara Haskil 9236: 9226: 9218: 9204: 9201:Ernest Bloch 9194: 9188: 9180: 9173:assimilation 9158: 9144: 9125:Shulamit Ran 9065:Hanns Eisler 9045:Leopold Auer 8937:sacred music 8933:Emancipation 8930: 8897:Israeli folk 8882: 8873:Jewish music 8861:Mayim Bialik 8786: 8785:creators of 8772: 8771:creators of 8758: 8748: 8738: 8728: 8718: 8708: 8698: 8688: 8674: 8668: 8658: 8652: 8642: 8632: 8626: 8616: 8606: 8596: 8582: 8579:J. J. Abrams 8568: 8558: 8544: 8541:The Sopranos 8540: 8524: 8520:The Sopranos 8518: 8512: 8510: 8495: 8492:Alan Zweibel 8473: 8458:antisemitism 8451: 8446:worked with 8409: 8405: 8395: 8389: 8378: 8371:Howard Stern 8343:Eddie Cantor 8331:Andy Kaufman 8327:Gilda Radner 8319:Milton Berle 8308: 8278: 8251: 8244: 8234: 8216: 8211: 8202:David Geffen 8174:Adolph Zukor 8151: 8133: 8132:(1948), and 8127: 8123:Mirele Efros 8121: 8115: 8109: 8103: 8099:Green Fields 8097: 8091: 8085: 8079: 8072: 8066: 8060: 8054: 8048: 8046: 8023: 8015: 8007:Roman Izyaev 7996: 7987: 7979: 7973: 7969:World War II 7966: 7951: 7943:Soviet Union 7936: 7921: 7907:Roman Izyaev 7900: 7848:Moshe Shamir 7840:Hanoch Levin 7814: 7808: 7767:writer from 7758: 7735: 7707:Julie Taymor 7664: 7646: 7643:antisemitism 7636: 7622: 7616: 7610: 7604: 7598: 7592: 7586: 7580: 7573:Harold Arlen 7569:assimilation 7558: 7538:"Golden Age" 7494:Ira Gershwin 7478: 7428:Eddie Cantor 7397: 7386:Rudolf Friml 7382:Oscar Straus 7350:Paul Abraham 7343: 7339: 7292:Stella Adler 7276: 7233: 7204:Ernst Toller 7193: 7184:Paul Johnson 7163:Emancipation 7160: 7137: 7123:directed by 7118: 7114: 7098: 7096: 7085: 7051: 7040: 6926:Isaac Asimov 6789:Hebrew Bible 6779: 6772: 6770: 6763: 6756: 6742: 6736: 6726: 6720: 6710: 6700: 6692:The Crucible 6690: 6684: 6674: 6664: 6658: 6648: 6638: 6628: 6618: 6612: 6606: 6600: 6597:Isaac Asimov 6594: 6562:Marc Chagall 6522:Martin Buber 6498:Itzik Manger 6480: 6478: 6441: 6415: 6409: 6383: 6344: 6313: 6158: 6148:Emmy Noether 6100:Andi Gutmans 6096:Zeev Suraski 6080:Simcha Blass 6028:Robert Adler 6016:MIG aircraft 5990: 5980:Georg Simmel 5960:Edward Sapir 5948:Noam Chomsky 5940:Solomon Asch 5912:Paul Ehrlich 5904:Albert Sabin 5864:Streptomycin 5844:Bernard Katz 5836:Quasicrystal 5804:Otto Wallach 5800:Calvin Cycle 5744:cryptography 5688:Gauge theory 5676:Nathan Rosen 5638:(founder of 5609: 5561:Emmy Noether 5499: 5455:transference 5437: 5389:Fritz London 5353:Ralph Alpher 5318: 5270: 5244:World War II 5240:atomic bombs 5233: 5228:Castle Romeo 5193: 5170:astrophysics 5154:Isaac Newton 5132: 5125: 5107: 5077: 5071: 5046: 5044:lunar crater 5038:and also by 5032:Solar System 5027: 5017: 4994: 4966:Hebrew Bible 4963: 4939:Fields Medal 4935:Turing Award 4915:Jewish quota 4911: 4866: 4855:in Navarre, 4851:in England, 4845: 4810: 4750:Emma Goldman 4734: 4616:Emma Goldman 4492:Raymond Aron 4416:19th century 4317: 4195:Between the 4194: 4187: 4141: 4125:Hebrew Bible 4121:Ecclesiastes 4101: 4090: 4087:(circa 1190) 4048:(CSJO), and 4039: 4029: 4028: 4013: 4003: 4002: 3984: 3981: 3974:couple from 3939: 3920: 3915: 3898: 3894:polytheistic 3887: 3865: 3845:Central Asia 3841:Western Asia 3837:Mizrahi Jews 3806: 3754: 3753: 3684:Architecture 3482:Jewish dance 3371:Philosophers 3294: 3293: 3067: 3066: 2912:Burning bush 2852:Tree of Life 2837:Adam and Eve 2779:Judeo-Berber 2665: 2664: 2626:Judeo-Arabic 2624: 2623: 2577:Lishán Didán 2572:Lishana Deni 2558: 2557: 2489: 2488: 2458: 2450: 2386:Post-Zionism 2257:Judeo-Berber 2252:Judeo-Arabic 2212:Judeo-Gascon 1959:Pidyon haben 1920: 1878:Conservative 1424:Saudi Arabia 1242:South Africa 1231:Sierra Leone 1053:Israeli Jews 967:Mosaic Arabs 920:Kaifeng Jews 781:Arab–Israeli 754:Emancipation 633:Great Revolt 442:Anti-Judaism 437:Antisemitism 432:Name "Judea" 227:Baal teshuva 80: 65: 56: 37: 18708:Open Balkan 18526:integration 18456:Rule of law 18451:Natural law 18428:Agnosticism 18406:Hellenistic 18384:Anglo-Saxon 18314:Catholicism 18253:Atlanticism 18158:Rationalism 17964:Immigration 17947:Esotericism 17805:World War I 17770:Romanticism 17750:Reformation 17730:Renaissance 17708:Middle Ages 17673:Christendom 17602:Foundations 17541:WikiProject 17473:Tea culture 17376:Culturalism 17346:Culture gap 17309:Pop-culture 17109:Catholicism 17031:Culture war 16489:Low culture 16388:Culturomics 16295:Culturology 16110:Catholicism 15692:Hellenistic 15530:Eschatology 15468:Lachoudisch 15393:Lotegorisch 15371:Lachoudisch 15361:Koiné Greek 15274:Judeo-Latin 15211:Palestinian 15105:Palestinian 14954:Mustaʿravim 14880:Afghan Jews 14868:Berber Jews 14792:Bene Israel 14780:Falash Mura 14770:Beta Israel 14688:Persecution 14630:Middle Ages 14299:Bon Appetit 14245:"Eat this! 14157:The Forward 14076:February 2, 14046:|last= 13667:October 18, 13635:October 18, 13544:www.gwu.edu 13404:January 12, 13285:p. 462-463. 12953:The Forward 12606:November 1, 12497:Teicher, M. 12446:February 4, 11635:October 22, 11373:Yiddishkeit 11281:stereotyped 11273:South Korea 11242:Judeophilia 11125:Freakazoid! 11016:Alex Hirsch 10855:creator of 10847:creator of 10834:The Phantom 10831:creator of 10748:Will Eisner 10690:Moon Knight 10664:Kitty Pryde 10660:Quicksilver 10643:Neil Gaiman 10639:Peter David 10565:Bill Finger 10545:Joe Shuster 10381:Silver ages 10373:Graphic art 10339:(left) and 10234:(1919–2001) 10225:(1899–1981) 10216:(1887–1985) 10207:(1916–2010) 10198:(1886–1957) 10189:(1884–1920) 10180:(1830–1903) 10116:Oscar Nemon 10052:Frida Kahlo 10046:artist was 10012:Mark Rothko 9996:Lee Krasner 9934:, 1939 The 9865:wood-carver 9828:Kabbalistic 9795:Hellenistic 9736:Middle Ages 9685:Visual arts 9679:Ben Shwartz 9667:Gene Wilder 9659:Don Rickles 9631:Larry David 9428:Jerome Kern 9313:(1895–1960) 9304:(1860–1911) 9295:(1829–1894) 9286:(1819–1880) 9277:(1813–1888) 9268:(1809–1847) 9259:(1805–1847) 9250:(1791–1864) 9177:David Amram 9143:; Halevy's 9129:Grand Opera 9037:Carl Tausig 9021:John Braham 8857:Lisa Kudrow 8837:Katey Sagal 8821:Fred Savage 8813:Hank Azaria 8769:David Kohan 8755:David Shore 8725:David Milch 8697:creator of 8681:Aaron Ruben 8665:Gideon Raff 8649:Chuck Lorre 8623:Darren Star 8605:creator of 8589:David Crane 8565:Ron Leavitt 8563:TV series; 8555:D. B. Weiss 8533:show runner 8529:David Simon 8466:Larry David 8448:Norman Lear 8436:Carl Reiner 8420:Woody Allen 8380:tabula rasa 8323:Joan Rivers 8239:(1983), or 8227:Woody Allen 8170:Marcus Loew 7903:Ashig Garib 7796:Shakespeare 7711:Edna Ferber 7683:Joseph Papp 7679:Zero Mostel 7633:Alfred Uhry 7577:Yip Harburg 7554:Lionel Bart 7506:Cole Porter 7482:Jerome Kern 7444:Molly Picon 7424:Fanny Brice 7390:librettists 7318:songwriters 7161:From their 7138:Montreal's 7037:Hana Rovina 6939:(1926–1997) 6930:(1920–1992) 6921:(1905–1982) 6912:(1890–1960) 6903:(1883–1924) 6899:Franz Kafka 6894:(1859–1916) 6885:(1797–1856) 6733:Saul Bellow 6697:Will Eisner 6590:Woody Allen 6578:Franz Kafka 6518:Isaac Babel 6510:Saul Bellow 6506:Philip Roth 6434:Franz Kafka 6430:Isaac Babel 6402:Saul Bellow 6398:Philip Roth 6228:(1918–1988) 6219:(1904–1967) 6210:(1903–1957) 6201:(1885–1962) 6152:(1882–1935) 6143:(1879–1955) 6134:(1856–1939) 6072:Laszlo Biro 6064:Sergei Brin 6040:Land Camera 6005:disc record 5944:linguistics 5896:Hepatitis B 5748:Judea Pearl 5680:EPR paradox 5533:game theory 5479:death drive 5471:unconscious 5413:Asher Peres 5367:structure, 5259:Leó Szilárd 5208:influenced 5182:black holes 5162:nuclear age 5086:Renaissance 4999:proscribes 4925:and 27% in 4813:Middle Ages 4767:proselytize 4647:(1902–1994) 4638:(1906–1975) 4629:(1889–1951) 4620:(1869–1940) 4611:(1745–1812) 4553:(1729–1786) 4544:(1632–1677) 4526:(1194–1270) 4460:Karl Popper 4450:founder of 4414:. The next 4356:David Nieto 4332:Rationalism 4326:founder of 4257:Joseph Albo 4217:Saadia Gaon 4201:Middle Ages 4197:Ancient era 4173:Christology 4142:During the 4044:(SHJ), the 3926:Romanticism 3136:Baal Berith 2937:Golden calf 2932:Mount Sinai 2917:Ten Plagues 2794:Koiné Greek 2712:Piedmontese 2612:Palestinian 2553:Palestinian 2381:Revisionist 2371:Neo-Zionism 1978:Zeved habat 1771:Puerto Rico 1597:Netherlands 1429:South Korea 1414:Philippines 1294:Afghanistan 1161:Ivory Coast 935:Crypto-Jews 900:Bnei Anusim 879:Bene Israel 844:Beta Israel 801:Communities 708:Middle Ages 447:Persecution 222:Bereavement 51:introducing 18793:Categories 18728:Rio Treaty 18239:Relativism 18197:Liberalism 18163:Empiricism 18115:Philosophy 18103:Secularism 18054:Philosophy 17991:Literature 17785:Capitalism 16538:Subculture 16316:Bioculture 16105:Anabaptism 16047:Jew (word) 15914:Leadership 15727:Literature 15712:Secularism 15658:Humanistic 15525:Conversion 15495:Philosophy 15336:Judeo-Urdu 15100:Babylonian 14945:Saada Jews 14930:Adeni Jews 14723:Ashkenazim 14678:Samaritans 14645:Population 14600:Israelites 14225:October 3, 13686:amazon.com 13419:Leo Rosten 12003:Wisconsin. 11710:October 7, 11683:October 7, 11379:References 11265:East Asian 11115:Animaniacs 11081:Madagascar 11071:DreamWorks 11045:Betty Boop 11011:Cool World 10925:South Park 10920:Matt Stone 10742:Jack Kamen 10627:Joe Kubert 10485:Spider-Man 10472:Jack Kirby 10454:publisher 10387:Max Gaines 10361:Spider-Man 10341:Jack Kirby 10307:See also: 10091:R.B. Kitaj 10040:Léon Bakst 10024:Modernists 9824:Rabbinical 9821:Middle Age 9811:sarcophagi 9791:gold glass 9748:Common Era 9740:Tabernacle 9695:See also: 9691:Jewish art 9651:Jan Murray 9623:vaudeville 9574:April 2017 9472:Eyal Golan 9468:Eden Alene 9223:Kurt Weill 9069:Kurt Weill 9041:Henri Herz 8977:Paul Dukas 8877:See also: 8833:Adam Brody 8825:Zach Braff 8805:Mila Kunis 8757:, creator 8700:60 Minutes 8695:Don Hewitt 8625:, creator 8618:Doctor Who 8484:Al Franken 8444:Rob Reiner 8440:Neil Simon 8424:Mel Brooks 8363:Larry King 8351:Jack Benny 8315:Sid Caesar 8257:Boston JFF 8223:Mel Brooks 8033:See also: 7945:headed by 7777:Kabbalists 7727:Neil Simon 7420:Jack Benny 7416:vaudeville 7354:Leo Ascher 7307:Professor 7298:Professor 7284:philosophy 7267:See also: 7108:prices on 7090:(1919) by 7087:The Dybbuk 7078:Ashkenazic 7042:The Dybbuk 6850:See also: 6640:Goosebumps 6635:R.L. Stine 6514:S.Y. 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Ayer 4428:Moses Hess 4320:Modern era 4305:Gersonides 4289:Maimonides 4253:Nahmanides 4111:) and the 4085:Maimonides 4070:See also: 4033:humanistic 3993:Gary Tobin 3749:Bratislava 3550:Scientists 3376:Maimonides 3355:Philosophy 3313:Al-Andalus 3233:Literature 3146:Bar Juchne 2947:Tabernacle 2927:The Exodus 2897:Noah's Ark 2862:Patriarchs 2754:Golpaygani 2548:Babylonian 2366:Maximalism 2318:Secularism 2298:Autonomism 2115:Literature 1908:Humanistic 1512:Azerbaijan 1474:Uzbekistan 1449:Tajikistan 1369:Kyrgyzstan 1354:Kazakhstan 1201:Mozambique 1176:Madagascar 1096:Cape Verde 1048:New Yishuv 1043:Old Yishuv 994:Population 972:Subbotniks 930:Samaritans 869:Romanyotim 812:Ashkenazim 759:Old Yishuv 739:Sabbateans 726:Modern era 718:Golden Age 645:Bar Kokhba 365:Beit Yosef 232:Philosophy 34:references 18673:Five Eyes 18668:EU–UK TCA 18510:Democracy 18399:Old Norse 18288:Abrahamic 18245:Peritrope 18227:Tolerance 18207:Socialism 18037:Mythology 18025:Classical 17974:Languages 17952:Astrology 17800:Modernism 17614:Old World 17366:Culturgen 17134:Mormonism 17092:Religions 16765:Cultureme 16683:Destroyed 16309:Subfields 16167:indicate 16115:Mormonism 16100:Christian 15980:Symbolism 15968:Synagogue 15948:Mythology 15909:Education 15880:Astronomy 15863:Astrology 15680:relations 15485:Zarphatic 15433:Galitzish 15235:Yeshivish 15112:Catalanic 15075:Samaritan 15050:Ashkenazi 15031:Diasporic 15026:Languages 14971:Sephardim 14966:Romaniote 14853:Krymchaks 14787:Desi Jews 14663:Buddhists 14106:March 24, 13976:March 30, 13917:March 30, 13891:March 30, 13865:March 30, 13775:March 30, 13682:foto8.com 13600:April 14, 13529:, p. 411. 13525:Johnson, 13394:162195868 13281:Johnson, 13269:Johnson, 13180:Geocities 12905:Midstream 12531:223099225 12431:Regis, Ed 12269:August 1, 12235:August 1, 12201:August 1, 12137:March 28, 11895:jinfo.org 11877:jinfo.org 11858:jinfo.org 11820:jinfo.org 11570:2161-0002 11528:, p. 107. 10876:Eightball 10821:satirical 10805:In 1952, 10738:Dave Berg 10699:EC Comics 10672:Sasquatch 10668:The Thing 10618:Iron Fist 10596:Scarecrow 10588:The Joker 10535:DC Comics 10505:Daredevil 10480:Joe Simon 10445:DC Comics 10112:Naum Gabo 10072:Ben Shahn 10068:Peter Max 9917:Modernism 9853:Capernaum 9774:in Rome. 9772:catacombs 9732:Antiquity 9566:talk page 9456:Noa Kirel 9452:Omer Adam 9085:Auschwitz 8941:klezmorim 8885:classical 8829:Noah Wyle 8809:Zac Efron 8745:Dick Wolf 8603:Tim Kring 8462:prejudice 8402:the Bronx 8347:Al Jolson 8246:The Fixer 8050:Shulamith 7988:Shahnugor 7876:Lithuania 7864:Holocaust 7781:Amsterdam 7715:Moss Hart 7675:Joel Grey 7621:; 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